[2009] UGCA 26
The Court of Appeal found that the prosecution failed to prove the use of a deadly weapon beyond reasonable doubt, as the evidence regarding the weapon used was inconclusive and not all injuries were consistent with a panga. The court noted the omission of key medical evidence and the lack of recovery of the alleged...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2009] UGCA 26
- Parties
- Appellant: Kyomuhendo David; Appellant: Balinda Clovis; Respondent: Uganda
- Court
- Court of Appeal of Uganda
- Jurisdiction
- Uganda
- Case Number
- Criminal Appeal No. 3 of 2003
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Outcome
- appeal_allowed_in_part
- Legal Topics
- Robbery, Aggravated Robbery, Identification Evidence, Use of Deadly Weapon, Sentencing, Appeals
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Kyomuhendo David
Appellant
Balinda Clovis
Appellant
Uganda
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the offence of robbery with aggravation was proved beyond reasonable doubt.
- 2 Whether the trial judge erred in rejecting the appellants' defences and convicting them on contradictory, inadequate and uncorroborated prosecution evidence.
- 3 Whether the death sentence was properly imposed based on the conviction for aggravated robbery.
Ratio Decidendi
The Court of Appeal found that the prosecution failed to prove the use of a deadly weapon beyond reasonable doubt, as the evidence regarding the weapon used was inconclusive and not all injuries were consistent with a panga. The court noted the omission of key medical evidence and the lack of recovery of the alleged weapon. However, the court was satisfied that the identification of the appellants was properly established by credible witnesses who recognized them by torchlight and voice. Consequently, the court held that the offence of aggravated robbery was not proved, but the offence of simple robbery was established. The conviction for aggravated robbery was quashed and substituted...
Court Disposition
appeal_allowed_in_part
Orders
- Conviction for aggravated robbery quashed.
- Conviction for simple robbery substituted under sections 272(1) and 273(1) of the Penal Code Act.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
3 paragraphs
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)}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s1\qc \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\sl360\slmult1 \keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 \b\f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\kerning32\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Coram:}{\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \tab \tab Hon Justice A. E. N Mpagi Bahigeine, JA \par \tab \tab \tab Hon Justice S. B. K Kavuma, JA \par \tab \tab \tab Hon Justice A. S. Nshimye, JA \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\ul\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 CRIMINAL APPEAL}{\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 N0. 3 OF 2003. \par }{\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par (ARISING FROM HIGH COURT CRIMINAL SESSION N0. 0075/2001 SITTING IN FORT PORTAL) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 KYOMUHENDO DAVID}{\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\b\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 BALINDA CLOVIS ::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\b\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 ::::::}{ \b\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 APPELLANT}{\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 VERSUS}{\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }{\b\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 UGANDA::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: RESPONDENT}{\b\insrsid4852439\charrsid399085 }{\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\ul\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT }{\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Both appellants were tried and convicted}{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 ,}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 by the High Court sitting in Fort portal}{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 of robbery with aggravation}{\insrsid6182343\charrsid399085 c/s}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{ \insrsid6182343\charrsid399085 272(2) and 273(2) of the Penal Code Act }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 and sentenced to death }{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 on 31.12.2002 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 by Hon Justice V. T. Zehurikize. \par }{\insrsid14965047\charrsid399085 \par The following are the brief facts}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 of the case. During the night }{\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 of 9.9.2000}{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 in Kitiru village, B}{ \insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 u}{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 hes}{\insrsid399085 i, Kabarol}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 e }{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 District}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 , the victim one C}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 elelia Timbigamba }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 aged }{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 68 years was sleeping when she he}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 ard a stone bang at her door, which}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 gave way}{ \insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 .}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 T}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 he appellant}{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 s}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 entered and }{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 robbed the vi}{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 c}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 tim}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 of}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 3 }{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 mattresses}{ \insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 , a radio, 11 chairs, cushions, plates, bowels, cash 70,000/= and other house hold properties and during or immediately }{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 after}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 threatened to use }{ \insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 deadly weapon}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 s to wit pangas}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 on the said victim.}{\insrsid14965047\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 N}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 eighbors gathered}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 in response to an alarm}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 and wer}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 e told names of the robbers}{ \insrsid1782820\charrsid399085 by Celecia Timbigamba (PW2)}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 . R}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 eport}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 s were}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 made to the area }{ \insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 chairman}{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 Gombolola }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 Headquarters }{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 and Police. }{ \insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 In}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 collaboration}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid1782820\charrsid399085 with}{\insrsid12797082\charrsid399085 Gombolo}{ \insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 l}{\insrsid12797082\charrsid399085 a}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 Aska}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 ris and G}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 ombolo}{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 l}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 a }{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 intelligence}{\insrsid8215372\charrsid399085 security}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 officer,}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 A1 was arrested at Rubona}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 . S}{ \insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 tolen mattresses, a Panasonic black radio, a tray and a dish were recovered from his house. \par \par In the evening the 2}{\super\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 nd}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 appellant was }{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 also}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 arrested }{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 by}{ \insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 the}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 LDU of Kibona an}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 d taken to the Police. They were both forwarded to Fort}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 portal Police with the exhibits}{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 , where they were indic}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 ted}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 of aggravated}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 robbery. \par }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 A fu}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 l}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 l trial was conducted in which 6 prosecution }{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 witnesses}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 testified against the appellants. In }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 similar}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 defence}{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 s}{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 both}{ \insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 appellant}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 s}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 den}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 i}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 ed }{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 knowledge}{ \insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 and participation}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 in}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 the crime.}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 None}{ \insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 theless the learned trial judge accepted the}{\insrsid7212552\charrsid399085 prosecution evidence}{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 and rejected the appellants}{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 \rquote }{ \insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 defences. They }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 were convicted, }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 as }{\insrsid1782820\charrsid399085 indicted}{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 and sentenced to death}{ \insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid7944055\charrsid399085 hence this appeal.}{\insrsid3024051\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 In their }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 joint }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 memorandum of appeal}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 they put forward 3 grounds of appeal namely:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1800\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 The learned trial judge erred in law and fact in finding th at the offence of Robbery with Aggravation had been proved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1800\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 The leaned trial judge erred in law and fact in rejecting the appellant\rquote s defences and convicted them on contradictory, inadequate and uncorroborated prosecution evidence}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1800\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 That the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he passed the death sentence based on wrong conviction. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 At the hearing of the appeal, both appellants were represented by }{\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 Mrs.}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Mulangira while, the State was represented by }{\insrsid3028722\charrsid399085 M/}{ \insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 s }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Tumuhise Rose}{\insrsid16215830\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 a Principal State Attorney. \par }{\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Counsel for the appellants preferred to argue grounds 1 and 2 together because they were intertwined. }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 Learned counsel submitted that out of }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the 4 ingredients the t}{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 rial judge outlined}{\insrsid16215830\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 the prosecution had to prove, she}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 would deal} {\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 with only the 3}{\super\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 rd}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 and 4}{\super\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 th}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 ingredients}{ \insrsid16215830\charrsid399085 namely;}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 (3}{\b\i\super\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 rd}{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 ) }{ \b\i\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 that}{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 a deadly weapon }{\b\i\insrsid809192\charrsid399085 was }{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 u}{\b\i\insrsid809192\charrsid399085 s}{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 ed or threatened to be u}{\b\i\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 sed or}{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 the offender cause}{\b\i\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 d}{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 death or grievous harm to any person. \par }{\b\i\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 \par }{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 (4}{\b\i\super\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 th}{\b\i\insrsid3634170\charrsid399085 ) The participation of the accused persons. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par In her submission, she criticized}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 the finding of the trial judge}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 that he was satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that }{\insrsid12715332\charrsid399085 the appellants }{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 participated in the robbery.}{\insrsid16215830\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 She referred }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 us }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 to the evidence of }{ \insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 the complainant }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 P. W.2 in which }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 the witness}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 said}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 ,}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 she was able to r}{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 ecognize the appellants by the l}{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 ight of the torch, b}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 ut wondered why the witness could not say how they were dressed. She argued that it was not established whether the light was enough and for how long she was with the appellants. In her view, visibility must have been very poor.}{ \insrsid16215830\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 She also referred us to the evidence of P. W.2 where she }{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 said that}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 when she heard a bang} {\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 she hid under a bed. }{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 Counsel }{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 argued that if}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 the witnesses }{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 hid}{\insrsid16215830\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 then how was she able to identify A2}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 a}{\insrsid6055457\charrsid399085 person she did not know before?}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par In her further submission, counsel stated that the witness ran out so frightened }{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 that she could }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 not even raise an alarm. She pointed out that none of the sto}{ \insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 len property was}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 found in the}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 house}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 of A2}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 . With regard to A1}{ \insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 she subm}{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 itted that there was no conclu}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 sive evidence that the property was found in his house}{ \insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 . She argued}{\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 that}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the principle of recent possession does not apply to this case. On use of a dead}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 ly}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 weapon, she submitted that the panga was not exhibited. Therefore its use was not proved. \par \par }{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 Counsel further }{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 argued }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 that no medical evidence was adduced to show that }{\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 the complainant }{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 was injured in the process and that }{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 the }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 prosecution evidence was contradictory.}{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 \par \par }{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 Counsel }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 prayed that the appeal be allowed, conviction quashed and sentence }{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 of death}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 be set aside. \par \par In reply}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the learned Principal State Attorney supported the conviction and sentence. She submitted that identification was proved by the evidence of P. W.2 & }{ \insrsid16477449\charrsid399085 PW}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 3, who said that the light from torches was bright. \par \par Secondly}{\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the witness knew the ap}{\insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 pellants before. S}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 he }{\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 submitted}{ \insrsid8938992\charrsid399085 that}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the witnesses recognized the voices of the appellants whose voices and physical appearances were familiar. She went on to}{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 say}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 that several }{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 pieces of stolen property}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 were found in the house of }{\insrsid9195755\charrsid399085 appellant N0. }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 1. \par \par She asked us to subject }{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 the evidence of P. W 2, }{\insrsid16477449\charrsid399085 PW}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 3, }{\insrsid16477449\charrsid399085 and PW}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 4, to}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid16477449\charrsid399085 a }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 fresh scrutiny and find that those witnesses properly identified the appellants. She finally prayed that the appeal be dismissed and the conviction and sentence be maintained. \par \par After hearing bo}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 th sides and reading the record, w}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 e have reminded ourselves of the duty of this Court as a first appellate Court. That is}{\insrsid9319707\charrsid399085 ,}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 to subject }{\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 all }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the }{\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 evidence }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 which }{\insrsid9314355\charrsid399085 was }{ \insrsid673567\charrsid399085 adduced in the trial court }{\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 to}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 a fresh }{\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 appraisal and come to our own conclusion see }{\b\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 Pandya }{\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 V R}{\b\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 [1957] EA 336, }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\b\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 Bogere Moses V Uganda}{\b\ul\insrsid3028722\charrsid399085 SC Cr.}{ \b\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 Appeal }{\b\ul\insrsid3877585\charrsid399085 N0}{\b\ul\insrsid3028722\charrsid399085 .1/1997 and Mwesigira &}{\b\ul\insrsid459480\charrsid399085 }{\b\ul\insrsid3028722\charrsid399085 another V Uganda }{ \b\caps\ul\insrsid3028722\charrsid399085 C}{\b\caps\ul\insrsid2624457\charrsid399085 ACA }{\b\caps\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 221}{\b\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 /2003}{\b\ul\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 .}{\b\ul\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085
\par }{\insrsid2170869\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 The learned judge, in his judgment properly stated the ingredients of the offence of Robbery }{\insrsid459480\charrsid399085 with aggravation}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 . That is to say}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 that the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt the following. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 That there was theft. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}That it was accompanied with violence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}That a deadly weapon was used or the offender caused death or grievous harm to any person. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}The participation of the accused persons.}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par During }{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 the }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 hearing, counsel for the appellants did not challenge }{\insrsid459480\charrsid399085 proof}{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 of}{\insrsid459480\charrsid399085 }{ \insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 t}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 he 1}{\super\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 st}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 and 2}{\super\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 nd}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 ingredients namely that there was theft and secondly that it was accompanied with violence. W}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 e shall therefore concentrate on}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the last two, namely}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 : \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 Whether}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 there was proof of use of a deadly weapon}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 . \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Whether}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the appellants participated in the commission of the offence. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par We sha}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 ll first deal with the issue of}{\insrsid6559512\charrsid399085 a}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 deadly weapon namely a panga which , in }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 a nutshell}{ \insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 it }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 covers ground one of the appeal. \par \par The learned trial judge, after stating the law that a panga }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 is a deadly weapon}{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 relying}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 on the case of}{ \insrsid673567\charrsid399085 the}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Supreme Court}{\b\ul\insrsid459480\charrsid399085 , Kwesimba}{\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Vs Uganda SCCA N0. 14/95 }{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 had this to say on page 5 of his judgment. \par \par }\pard \qj \li2055\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2055\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 \'93}{\b\i\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 In}{\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the instant case the relevant prosecution witness namely P. W.3, P. W.2 and P.w.4 all testified that one of the attackers had a panga and it was the panga which was used to cut P. W.3 on the head. Even P. W.1 found that the instruments used to inflict the injuries he found on P. W.3 was a sharp instrument\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par According }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 to the}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 evidence of P. WI Chris Barbra of}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Kiyombya Health }{\insrsid459480\charrsid399085 Unit, he found}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the following injuries on Bonabana Mary. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 A cut wound on the front of the head. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Multiple bruises on the back and chest. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}A cable beating on the left jaw involving left shoulder. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par Most of the prosecution witnesses were emphatic that}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 it was}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 A1 who was holding a panga and }{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 a }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 torch. He is the same person who is alleged to have cut Bonabana Mary on the Head. \par \par }{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 If we}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 may quote from the evidence of P. W.3 Bonabana \par \par }\pard \qj \li2055\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2055\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \tab }{\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \'93When they came from my mother\rquote s bedroom, they came to my bedroom and started beating me. They were beating me with something. It was not a stick. They had a panga. It was a big one }{\b\i\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 which butchers}{\b\i\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 use. They also hit me with a panga on the head. I bled. It is AI who had a panga and he cut me.\'94 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Then some where in the medical evidence P. W. I Chris Barbra stated. \par \par }\pard \qj \li2055\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2055\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \tab }{\b\ul\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 \'93the}{\b\ul\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 wound was 6 inches long and with 10 stitches. It was already stitched\'94 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 P. W.3 explains on page 8 of the record that she first went to Dr. Kule who must have stitched her and it was a Friday}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 .}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 T}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 here }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 after}{\insrsid11688983\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 she was taken to }{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 Kiyombya }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Health Centre.}{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 The attack was on 9.9.2000 and she was examined on 12.9.2000.}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par It is }{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 clear }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 that the victim was examined }{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 3}{\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 days after the incident. The shape}{ \insrsid809192\charrsid399085 of the wound could have}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 changed from its original because of the treatment and stitching of Dr. Kule.}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 We are of the view that it was a serious omission }{ \insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 on }{\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 the }{\insrsid12272003\charrsid399085 part of the prosecution }{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 not to have called Dr. Kule who saw the }{\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 fresh wound on the head before it was sutu}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 red.}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 T}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 here are injuries }{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 like cable}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 beatings, the }{\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 inflicting }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 weapons of which were not accounted for, in particular the injury on left jaw and shoulder which suggest beating by a cable. The Police did not show that there was}{\insrsid16477449\charrsid399085 any}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 effort to recover the panga allegedly used.}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 It is difficult for }{\insrsid399085\charrsid399085 us to}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 apprehend that A1 could have been holding a torch, a cable and a panga at the same time yet in the evidence of P. W.3 Bonabana quoted above, she talks of }{\b\i\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 \'93they were beating me with something. It was not a stick\'94}{\insrsid16544018\charrsid399085 The witness did not say who was beating her with that \'93something\'94. It could not have been A1 because she said A1 hit her with a panga on the head.}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par As some of the injuries suggest use of other weapons other than a panga, we are unable to say for certain that the eviden}{\insrsid6559512\charrsid399085 ce proved the use of a panga }{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 to}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 the exclusion of other weapons or instrumen}{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 ts. A doubt is cast in our mind}{\insrsid673567\charrsid399085 which favours the appellants}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 . Therefore}{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 ,}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 we }{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 hold or find }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 that the ingredient of use of a deadly weapon was not proved beyond reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 \par \par }{\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 We}{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 however}{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 ,}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 agree that the trial judge properly evaluated}{\insrsid13633553\charrsid399085 the evidence on identification. }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 We are satisfied that, the prosecution }{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 witnesses}{ \insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 properly recognized the appellant by the light from the torch. A1 was not living far away while A2 was a village mate of the victims}{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 .}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid10888680\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 We partly find merit in the appeal in that the prosecution failed to prove aggravated robbery}{\insrsid3751601\charrsid399085 but proved simple robbery}{\insrsid8981988\charrsid399085 .}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085
\par }{\insrsid8981988\charrsid399085 \par }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 The appeal against }{\insrsid4546287\charrsid399085 the conviction for}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 aggravated robbery is }{\insrsid8981988\charrsid399085 allowed. The conviction is }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 quashed and sentence of death set aside}{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 . We}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid7671434\charrsid399085 substitute}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 therefore with a conviction}{\insrsid16477449\charrsid399085 for}{ \insrsid673567\charrsid399085 simple}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 }{\insrsid8981988\charrsid399085 robbery c/s 272(}{\insrsid11358035\charrsid399085 1}{\insrsid8981988\charrsid399085 ) and 2 73(1) of the Penal Code Act. The appellants are each sentenced to 15 years imprisonment to ran f}{\insrsid6688379\charrsid399085 ro}{\insrsid8981988\charrsid399085 m 31.12.2002}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Dated }{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 at }{\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 Kampala}{ \insrsid13633947\charrsid399085 this}{\insrsid6636646\charrsid399085 28}{\super\insrsid6636646\charrsid399085 th }{\insrsid13633947\charrsid399085 day of }{\insrsid6636646\charrsid399085 July}{\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 2009. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\insrsid809192\charrsid399085 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2055\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid399085 {\b\insrsid3568608\charrsid399085 A. E. N MPAGI BAHIGEINE, \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par \par \par \par S. B. K KAVUMA \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par \par \par \par A. S NSHIMYE \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL}{\insrsid10487653\charrsid399085 \par }}