[2003] UGHC 13

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\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par }{\b\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 CASE NO. HCT-CV-CS-0034 OF 2000 \par }{\b\insrsid14028017\charrsid14566271 \par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 THE MAN}{ \b0\fs24\insrsid14566271\charrsid14566271 AGEMENT}{\b0\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 COMMITTEE OF BRIGHT \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 HIGH ACADEMY & 2 OTHERS }{ \insrsid14028017\charrsid14566271 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 PLAINTIFFS \par }\pard\plain \s2\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 VERSUS \par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b0\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 THE NEW VISION PRINTING PUBLISHING \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid14028017\charrsid14566271 CORP. & OTHERS\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85..\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 DEFENDANTS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8748092 {\b\insrsid8748092 \par }{\b\insrsid8748092\charrsid14566271 25}{\b\super\insrsid8748092\charrsid8748092 th}{\b\insrsid8748092 August,}{\b\insrsid8748092\charrsid14566271 2002}{\insrsid8748092\charrsid14566271 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid14028017\charrsid14566271 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 BEFORE: HON. MR. J. B. A. KATUTSI: \par \par RULING: \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par The three plaintiffs sued the defendants for defamation. When the suit was called on for hearing learned counsel for the defendant raised three preliminary points of objection. I will go through these points serration. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par The first point of abjection is that the first plaintiff has no locus standing to sue. It is argued for the defendants that the first plaintiff is not a legal entity and therefore has no legal capacity to bring this action. The first plaintiff is said to be \'93THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE OF BRIGHT HILL ACADEMY\rquote . In the plaint, it is stated that this plaintiff \'93is the body managing the school Bright Hill Academy.\'94 The statutory Notice of intention to sue was served by \'93THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS AND STAFF OF BRIGHT HILL ACADEMY.\'94 (see annexture \'93L\'94 to the plaint.) As correctly observed by learned counsel for defendants in his submission the suit is filed not by \'93THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS AND STAFF OF BRIGHT HILL ACADEMY\'94 as first plaintiff but by an entity known as \'93MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE\'94 Learned Counsel for the Plaintiff argues that the Board of Governors of Bright Hill Academy and \'93The Management Committee of Bright Hill Academy\'94 is one and the same entity and that the difference is mere matter of}{\insrsid14566271 mis}{ \insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 no}{\insrsid14566271 m}{\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 er. To resolve this issue we must go to the Education Act 10/1970. Section 35 (4) provides as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \'93(4)\tab Every school owner shall establish for his school a }{ \caps\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 b}{\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 oard of Governors or a management committee, as the case may be, in accordance with the regulations made under this Act by the minister.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par In their written statement of defence defendants by paragraph 2 thereof stated: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \'93The Defendant shall raise a preliminary objection to the effect that the plaint is bad. In law and discloses no cause of action and shall pray that it be dismissed summarily with costs on the following grounds: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14566271 { \insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 The first plaintiff is not a legal person and therefore has no legal capacity to bring this action; \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14566271 { \insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 Even if the first plaintiff were to have capacity to sue, it is incapable of being defamed.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par The issue of deference in names was not raised. I will therefore in this ruling restrict my self to the objection raised above. \par \par It is urged that there is no indication that the school was duly registered for it to enjoy any legal status. In the plaint it is averred that: \'93The first plaintiff is the body managing the school Bright Hill Academy.\'94 The status of this Bright Hill Academy is not given. It is not stated whether Bright Hill Academy is a public or Private School. What is clear is that it was still in its infancy and not yet registered by the time complained of. \par Not only that. Rule 15 of the \'93Education (Management Committee) Rules SI 116-5 reads as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \'93Suits by or against a manage ment committee, the school or the trustees of a school, if any, shall be entered into, in the name of the members of the management committee\'94. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par While it is }{\insrsid8748092 true that the Education Act Cap.}{\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 116 was repealed by Education Act 10/70, Section 45 (2) (a) reads as follows: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid14566271 { \insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 Not with standing the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1800\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid14566271 { \insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 any statutory instrument made under the Act repealed by this Act and in force immediately before the commencement of this Act shall continue in force as if it has been made under this Act until it is revoked by another statutory instrument made under this Act\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par I am not aware of nor have I been referred to another statutory instrument that revoked statutory instrument No. 1165-5. I would with respect uphold the first objection. \par \par The second objection is that the second and third plaintiffs do not have the capacity to sue because they did not serve any statutory notice. \par \par In reply it is intended that the statutory notice which was served on the defendants is headed\tab \'93The Board of Governors and staff of Bright Hill \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Academy.\'94 I will here in reproduce the first part \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab of this Notice. \par \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \'93NOTICE TO INTENDED DEFENDANT (under \par \tab \tab \tab \tab S1.1 of Act 20 of 1969) \par \par TAKE NOTICE that the Board of Governors of the above named school intends to institute a suit against in the High Court of Uganda by which they will seek special, general and exemplary damages for defamation.\'94 As can be seen the second and third plaintiffs do not feature here. It is the board of governors, which intended to institute a suit against the defendants. The second and third plaintiffs cannot be smuggled in using any stretch of pretext. The second objection is accordingly upheld. There is no use in going into other legs of objection. The suit will be struck ou t the list with costs to the defendants. I so order. \par \par \par J. B. A. Katutsi \par }\pard\plain \s3\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \b\fs28\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 JUDGE \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 \par }{\b\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 25/8/2003 \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 Katusi for the plaintiff. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 Waluda for defendants. \par Nabatanzi clerk. \par Ruling delivered. \par \par \par J. B. A. Katutsi \par }\pard\plain \s3\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14566271 \b\fs28\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\insrsid15424863\charrsid14566271 JUDGE \par }}