[2003] UGCA 7

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\rsid12003382\rsid13437912\rsid15227266\rsid15231615\rsid15883547}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator} {\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr17\min3}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy16\hr9\min43}{\version11}{\edmins42}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords2198}{\nofchars10423}{\nofcharsws12596}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/ wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot11227589\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid798265\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15883547 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15883547\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15883547 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 CORAM:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 HON. JUSTICE L. E. M. MUKASA-KIKONYOGO, DCJ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883547\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5773740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883547\charrsid4991945 HON. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 \line HON. JUSTICE C. K. BYAMUGISHA, JA \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883547\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15883547 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 CRIMINAL APPEAL N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 O. 101 OF 1999 \line MUZAHURA PROFILI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 O }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 APPELLANT \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid13437912 VERSUS \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 RESPONDENT \line (Appeal arising from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 and sentence of the high Court}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 of Uganda \line at Fort-Portal (Bam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13437912 wine J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 ) dated 14.9.1999 in Criminal }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 Session case No.27 of 1999) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10829788\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid10829788 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 UD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 GEMENT OF THE COURT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 During the night of the l1th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 June 1997 at Mujunju Trading Centre in Kabarole District the house of Musinguzi Kabagambe, hereinafter to be referred to as the 2nd deceased was attacked by a gang of about six men. They forced the 2nd deceased to open the door for them. On gaining entry into the house, the assailants tied up the 2nd deceased and his wife, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 P. W. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 1, Lydia Kate Tumuramye with a rope. The assailants first demanded for Shs. 40 million but reduced it to Shs.400,000/= when the two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 victims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 failed to produce it. They also did not have Shs.400,000/= so the 2nd deceased told them to go to his shop a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7168031 nd take any goods they wanted. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The assailants were arm ed with a torch, sticks, a knife and a gun. The 2nd deceased and P. W. 1 were told to lie face down whilst the assailants were ransacking the shop. It appears the appellant stayed behind to guard the two victims. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 At that time the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10902622\charrsid10902622 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622\charrsid4991945 deceased\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 child aged about 2 years fell underneath its parents\rquote bed. The appellant who was armed with a powerful torch picked the child and handed it to P. W. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7168031 . It was at that time that P. W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 1 recognised the appellant, whose girlfriend was her friend and their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7168031 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 neighbour. She was able to recognise him as one of the assailants with the aid of the powerful torch li}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 ght he was flashing in the room. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The appellant also demanded money from P. W. 1 and told her that he was goi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 ng to kill her husband, the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10902622\charrsid10902622 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 deceased for spreading rumours t hat on his visits to the village, he was carrying a gun. Before the incident, the appellant, from time to time used to visit the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 village to see his girlfriend. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The assailants sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 yed in the house for about 1 1/2-2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 hours. After ransacking the 2nd deceased\rquote s shop, they untied him and took him al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 ong }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 with them, apparently to Magezi}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 s home, where both of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 them were subsequently killed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 After the gang had taken her husband away P. W. 1, Lydia Kate Tumuramye, who was very frightened took refuge into the neighbour\rquote s house who was the appellant\rquote s girlfriend. She informed her of the attack but did not mention the name of the appellant as one of the attackers. She s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 pent the whole night with her. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The next morning P. W. 1 le}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 arnt of the death of Magezi, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10902622\charrsid10902622 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 deceased, who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 had been killed and burnt in his house. Lat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 er she received information of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 the death of her husband, Musinguzi, who had also been murde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 red. The matter was reported to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Mujungu Police Post. The appellant was arrested sometime later and charged with two counts of murder. He was subsequent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 ly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 prosecuted. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 In his defence the app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 ellant denied the charges and se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 t u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 p a plea of alibi. In his unsworn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 statement he told court that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 at the time of the commission }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 of the offences he had moved from Mujungu Trading Centre to Bushenyi. He was evicted from his land by his bro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 ther at Nyamigaro near Mujunju }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 - Trading Centre. He, however, admitted that his girlf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 riend was a neighbour of the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10902622\charrsid10902622 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 ceased. Although he knew the 2}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10902622\charrsid10902622 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 deceased, he did not know how he died. He said that he was a rrested in Bushenyi by the Military Police who suspected him to be a rebel. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622\charrsid4991945 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 was later handed to the Police at Bushenyi who preferr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 ed murder charges against him. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid11601790 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The trial court rejected his alibi and accepted the prosecution case. The appellant was acquitted on count 1 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 convicted of the murder of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Musinguzi on count 2. He was sentenced to death, hence, this appeal which is based o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601790 n the following three grounds: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb240\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13437912 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 1. That the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he convicted the appellant of murder basing such conviction on the evidence of a single identifying witness under conditions that were not g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 ood for proper identification. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 2. That the learned trial judge erred both in fact and in law when he wrongly rejected the appellant\rquote s alibi and thereby came to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 wrong conclusion. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 3. That the learned trial judge erred in fact and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 law when he failed to evaluate evidence as a whole. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13437912 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Mr. E. Ddamulira Muguluma, counsel representing the appellant, prayed this court to allow the appeal, quash the conviction and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 set aside the death sentence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid10902622 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5773740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Mr. Muguluma argued the three grounds of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 he appeal separately in that order so did Mrs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Annette Kalun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 gi Mutabingwa, counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 respondent. We shall also adopt the same approach and order in our evaluat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 ion of the evidence on record. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 On the first gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 ound counsel for the appellant submitted that the learned trial judge should not have relied on P. W. l\rquote s evidence without corroboration to convict the appellant. As far as he was concerned the conditions did not favour correct identification. He argued that P. W. 1, who was with her deceased husband when the gang attacked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622\charrsid4991945 them,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 must have been terrified by such a loud bang o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 n the door and a gang of about }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 six men. She could not have correctly identified the appellant or any other assailants. The only light in the room was that of the torch said to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 been flashed by the appellant. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 On the other hand counsel fo r the state, Mrs. Annette Kalungi Mutabingwa, submitted that the conditions in this case favoured correct identification. P. W. 1 knew the appellant. She was very close to him for a long time of about 2 hours, the assailants spent in the house. She was ass isted by the bright torch light to identify the appellant. The appellant picked up her child who had fallen under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 neath the bed and handed it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622\charrsid4991945 to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 . \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid11601790 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Further Mr. Muguluma pointed out that there were irreconcilable contradictions in P. W. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622 1\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10902622\charrsid4991945 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 evidence, the s ole identifying witness which warranted some corroborative evidence. For example P. W. 1, said that she did not see the assailant who picked up the child. Later she changed and said it was the appellant who picked it and handed it to her. She also testifie d that the appellant picked the child with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15227266\charrsid4991945 one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 arm and carried the torch in the other yet he had a k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 nife. Counsel wondered how the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 appellant could have carried the three at the same time. We agree with those observations. With respect, in the circumstances o f this case, the contradictions complained of by counsel for the appellant cannot be treated as minor especially in view of the finding of the learned trial judge when he stated in his judgment as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15231615

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15227266 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid15231615 \'93Clearly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 the whole issue hinges on the q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid15231615 uestion of identification by a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 single witnes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15227266 s, admi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15227266\charrsid15231615 ttedly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid15231615 under difficul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 t conditions\'94 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15231615 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid15231615 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11601790 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Further we agree that the learned trial judge correctly stated the position of the law applicable in cases of this nature when he stated in his judgment as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5773740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \'93In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 deciding whether or not a witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615 able to recognise the accused }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 person who claims to have seen him, at the scene of the crime, court is usually guided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 certain factors. These include whether or not the accused was a stranger to the witness, the distance b etween the accused and the witness, the time taken by the witness to observe the accused and the source of light\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The learned trial judge relied on the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Nabulele and others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid4991945 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Uganda (1979) HCB }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 77}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15227266 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 The other decided cases where guidelines to the correct approach to evidence of identification especially in those based entirely on a sole identifying witness include }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 Sulemani Katusabe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15227266\charrsid15227266 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 Uganda Cr. Appeal }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 No.7 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 (1991)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10902622 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 (unreported) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Roria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid4991945 vs.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Republic (1967) EA. 583 Abdulla }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 Bin Wendo and Another Vs. R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 (1953) 20 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 EACA 166. Moses Kasana }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid15231615 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 Uganda Cr. App. No. 12 of (1981) unreported.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 George William Kalyesubula }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15231615\charrsid4991945 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Uganda Criminal Appeal No. 16 of (1977) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 (unreported) the court observed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid15231615 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \'93Although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 a fact can be proved by the testimony of a singl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15227266 identifying witness, this does }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 not lessen the need for testing with the greatest care the evidence of such a witness respecting identification when the conditions favouring correct identification are diffic ult. In such circumstances what is needed is other evidence pointing to the guilt from which it can reasonably be concluded that the evidence of identification can safely be accepted as free from the possibility of error\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 In the instant appeal, in agreeme nt with learned counsel for the appellant, we are unhappy about the conditions in which P. W. 1 claims to have identified the appellant. Whilst we agree with the learned trial judge that the appellant and P. W. 1, were not strangers and in fact neighbours i t was strange that P. W. 1 took refuge into the appellant\rquote s girl friend\rquote s house if she had correctly identified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 him as one of the assailants!! \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Secondly it might be understandable for P. W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15227266 1 not to have mentioned the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 name of the assailant to his girlfriend, but th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 e reason for not mentioning it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 to the LC Chairman P. W.2, Busingye Christopher, is hard to find. It was not until one day after that he mentioned the appellant\rquote s name. As submitted by Mr. Muguluma the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15227266\charrsid4991945 possibility}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 that it was an afterthought could not be ruled out, especially as there was some grudge between her deceased husband and the appellant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid11601790 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 With regard to the complaint in the Secon}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15231615 d ground we are satisfied that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 the learned trial judge was alive to the pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 inciples governing the plea of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 alibi as indicated in hi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 s judgment when he stated that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15227266 :-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 \'93It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 trite law that where the accused p}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15227266 uts forward an alibi in answer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 to the charge, he does not assume the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15227266 burden proving it. The duty is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 on the prosecution to weaken it or destroy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 it }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15227266 by producing evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 that puts the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15227266 accused at the scene of crime\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5773740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid15227266 relied on the cases of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Uganda }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4991945\charrsid4991945 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Dusman Sabuni 1981 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 HCB }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15231615 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Bogere Moses and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4991945\charrsid15231615 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 Uganda Cr. Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 No. 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 of 1997 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15231615 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 We agree with counsel for the appellant th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 at the learned trial judge did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 not sufficiently consider the defence of ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 bi raised by the appellant. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 appears he came to the conclusion that the recognition of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 was not mistaken basing himself only on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 the prosecution evidence given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 by P. W. I. He did not consider the defenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 e side as required by the law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 This failure, in our view, contravened a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 fundamental decision of great }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 importance laid down in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4991945 Okethi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15231615 Okale and Another }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4991945\charrsid15231615 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid15231615 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 Republic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 (1965) E. A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid15231615 555}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 and Bogere and others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 (supra). It is settled \line law that befor e a decision is made, the e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 vidence must be looked at as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 whole. In practical terms the defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 must be considered and weighed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 with the prosecution case before a decision of fact is made leading to the conviction of the accused. If this is not done it is futile for the accused to \line make a defence for whatever he says, evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4991945 ence and the record as a whole }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 to ascertain whether any miscarriage of justice has taken place. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 In the instant appeal as it was rightly submitted by Mr. Muguluma it was not shown that the appellant had been seen in the area on the day of the incident. The prosecution did not adduce any evidence to rebut his claim that he was arrested by the Military Police in Bushenyi in connection with some other charges. Neither was there other evidence t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15227266 han that of P. W. 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 to put the appellant at the scene of crime at the material time. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Nsubuga }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4991945\charrsid4991945 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Uganda Cr. App. No. 16 of (1988) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 (unreported) Considering the evidence on record as a whole we find that the alibi put up by the appellant w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 as not disproved or destroyed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 We agree the learned trial judge properly directed himself and the assessors on the burden of proof and on the possible danger of basing a conviction on the evidence of a single identifying witness but we think that in the circumstances of this case it would be unsafe to found a con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12003382 viction on the evidence of P. W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 1 without any corroborati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 on. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 Roria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4991945\charrsid4991945 vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 R }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 (1967) E. A. 583 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 (supra) \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 On the third ground where it was complained that the learned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4991945\charrsid4991945 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 judge did not properly evaluate the evidence we think that he tried, but he should not have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12003382 relied on the testimony of P. W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 1 to convict the appellant. Considering the conditions in which she made the identification mistaken id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 entity could not be ruled out. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 In the result we allow the appeal, quash the conviction and set aside the death sentence. The appellant should be released forthwith unless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 he is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 on some other lawful charges. \par Dated at Kampala this 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 of February }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11227589\charrsid4991945 2003 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5773740 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 L. E. M. MUKASA-KIKONYOGO, DCJ \par DEPUTY CHIEF JUSTICE \par \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid5773740 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7673245 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5773740\charrsid4991945 HON. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL\line \par HON. JUSTICE C. K. 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