[2010] UGHC 148

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(}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar \qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12680868 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10695923\charrsid12680868 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4814695\charrsid12680868 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10695923\charrsid12680868 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA \par HOLDEN AT MBALE \par \par HCT-04-CR-CN-0040-2009 \par (FROM BUSIA CRIMINAL CASE NO. 628/2009) \par \par NASIBIKA PETER WEJULI\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. APPELLANT \par VERSUS \par UGANDA\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. RESPONDENT \par \par BEFORE: THE HON. MR. JUSTICE MUSOTA STEPHEN \par \par JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10695923 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11360009\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11360009\charrsid12680868 The appellant Nasibika Peter Wejuli represented by M/s Majanga & Co. Advocates is related to the complainant Fulumera Nabwire. The complainant is grandmother to the appellant. They lived in the same compound. According to the complainant\rquote s testimony she refers to the appellant as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9448528\charrsid12680868 village mate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid727226\charrsid12680868 whom she had known for 2}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11360009\charrsid12680868 \'bd years. It is the appellant who refers to the complainant as grandmother. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10695923\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11360009\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11360009\charrsid12680868 This appeal is against the judgment and orders of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 Magistrate Grade I Busi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid727226\charrsid12680868 a}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 given on 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\super\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 December 2009 wherein he found the appellant guilty of the offences of Assault occasioning actual bodily harm contrary to section 236 of the Penal Code Act and Malicious damage to property contrary to section 335(1) of the Penal Code Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11360009\charrsid12680868 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 The appellant was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment on each of the two counts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 The sentences were to run concurrently.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 The state is represented by Alpha Ogwang the Resident State Attorney Mbale. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 The memorandum of appeal contains four grounds to wit: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1582710\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 That learned trial Magistrate erred in law and fact and occasioned a substantial miscarriage of justice in failing to consider the defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9448528 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 claim of right by the appellant in the circumstances of the case. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The learned trial magistrate erred in law and fact and occasi oned a substantial miscarriage of justice in failing to afford the appellant a fair trial by admitting on record the appellant\rquote s plain police statement made at the police while the appellant was in custody. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The learned trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in failing to exhaustively review and consider the evidence on record. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 In the Alternative and without prejudice to the above 3 grounds the learned trial Magistrate erred in law in imposing a manifestly harsh and excessive sentence upon the appellant. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 The appellant moved this court for orders that: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5580531\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 The appeal be allowed. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}The conviction and sentence be set aside. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}In the alternative reduce or set aside the custodial sentence. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 I allowed both counsel to file written submission in support of their respective cases. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 I have considered the said}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 submissions in relation to the evidence adduced in the lower court and the judgment of the lower court\rquote s trial Magistrate. I have related the same to the grounds of appeal. This being a first appellate court its duty is as was pronounced in the often quoted case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 James Nsibambi v. Lovinsa Nankya HCCA 84 of 190}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 per Odoki J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 (as he was)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 and I agree that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5580531\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1800\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1800\lin720\itap0\pararsid727226 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 An appellate court on first appeal is entitled to expect the evidence as a whole to be submitted to a fresh exhaustive examination. It is not the function of the first appellate court merely to scrutinize the evidence to see if there was some evidence to support the lower courts findings and conclusions. Only then can it decide whether the Magistrate \rquote s findings can be supported. In doing so, it should make allowance for the fact that the trial court has had the advantage of hearing and seeing the witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 .\'94

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15223679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 Having this statement of the law in mind, I will now deal with the grounds of appeal as argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 by learned counsel for the appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12674407 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12674407\charrsid12680868 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 Grounds 1 and 3 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 According to Mr. Majanga learned counsel for the appellant, the trial magistrate failed to consider the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid727226\charrsid12680868 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 defence of claim of right after failing to exhaustively review the evidence on record. That the appellant had a claim of right on the trees which he cut. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15223679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 On the other hand, the learned Resident State Attorney contends that the appellant had no honest claim of right to the said trees. That the appellant did not, whether by mistake or not,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9529266\charrsid12680868 believe that the property in the trees was his. The State Attorney relied on the testimonies of PW.1, PW.2, and PW.3 and submitted that the trees were planted by the complainant\rquote s (PW.1\rquote s) late husband not the appellant. That the appellant cannot claim the tree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9529266\charrsid12680868 which are in the complainant\rquote s compound when the two homes were on two separate sides of the road. That the appellant\rquote claim that he planted the trees are false.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid3043947\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9529266\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15223679 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9529266\charrsid12680868 In his defence, the appellant testified that: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1800\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1800\lin720\itap0\pararsid5981901 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5981901\charrsid12680868 \'93\'85 At around 12:00noon, the fence of the kraal of goats had fallen. I got a panga from the house, I cut some trees. I share the same compound with the complainant Fulumera Nabwire who is my grandmother. T he time I was cutting the trees my grandmother was not around I got the poles I had cut and started }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9448528\charrsid12680868 repairing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5981901\charrsid12680868 the kraal fence at around 2:00p.m. At the time there was no problem. That the tree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5981901\charrsid12680868 are mine and I planted them. It is not true that my trees were planted by my grandfather}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5981901\charrsid12680868 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9529266\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5981901 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5981901\charrsid12680868 The appellant alleged that he}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 had a grudge with his grandmother about land his brother and grandmother wanted to sale. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5981901\charrsid12680868

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5981901 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 According to PW.1 Fulumera Nabwire she testified that on 1 December 2008 at around 6:00p.m, while at home, she heard trees being cut and falling. On going there she found the appellant at the scene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 hen she asked him why he had cut her trees, the appellant failed to answer but proposed that they negotiate over the matter so that she does not forward the matter to the Gombolola. That when she continued to argue with the appellant, he grabbed and assaulted her twice on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 buttocks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 , legs and all over the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 hat the appellant told her that women do not have authority over land and trees. That the complainant\rquote s husband donated the land the appellant lives on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5536011\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5981901 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 A defence of claim of right is provided for under S.7 of the Penal Code Act thus: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1800\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1800\lin720\itap0\pararsid4066704 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 A person is not criminally responsible in respect of an offence relating to property if the act done or omitted to be done by the person with respect to the property was done in the exercise of an honest claim of right and without intention to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 .\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15223679\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 As rightly pointed out by Mr. Majanga learned counsel for the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid9448528 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 a honest belief whether justifiable or not that the property is the appellant\rquote s own would negative the element of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 . That an appellant\rquote s honest claim would negative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 and would warrant an acquittal of an accused person. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 Byekwaso Mayanja Sebalijja v. Uganda [1991] HCB 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 . \par This is the general position but court has to be satisfied that there was a possibility (a reasonable and not fanciful possibility) that there were grounds on which the appellant could claim that the trees he cut were his even though}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4599626\charrsid12680868 he was mistaken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6101508\charrsid12680868 In that case the appellant would be entitled to acquittal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid4066704\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6101508\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6101508\charrsid12680868 Upon perusal of the prosecution evidence, I am not convinced that the appellant had a honest claim of right on the trees he cut. That land the appellant lives on was donated to him by the complainant and her late husband. I did not doubt the evidence of the complainant that the trees were planted by her husband. The trees were in the compound of the complainant near her house. When the appellant was found cutting the trees, he proposed a settlement so that the matter is not reported to the Gombolola. The appellant and complainant (PW.1) do not share a compound. The appellant\rquote s home is on the upper side of the road whereas the complainant (PW.1\rquote s) home is on the lower side of the road.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 PW.2 and PW.3 confirmed that the appellant did not share a compound with PW. I. They confirmed that the trees in question belonged to PW. I. I agree with the submission by the learned Resident State Attorney that the appellant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11742531\charrsid12680868 claims that he planted the trees were baseless and lie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 . The defence of claim of right was and is not open to the appellant. There was no honest claim over the trees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6101508 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12674407\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 In my considered v iew therefore, the charge of malicious damage to property is tenable since I have found that the defence of bonafide claim of right is not open to the appellant. He knew he was doing wrong and he arrogantly told his grandmother that women do not own land or trees. Grounds 1 and 3 will fail. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 Ground 2 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 In her submission, the learned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid8421318\charrsid12680868 resident State Attorney agreed with learned counsel for the appellant that the trial magistrate erred in law and fact by admitting on record the appellant\rquote s plain police statement. She submitted however}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11742531 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid8421318\charrsid12680868 that no miscarriage of justice was occasioned.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid8421318\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid8421318\charrsid12680868 According }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 to the certified record at P.12 thereof, the state said,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid8421318\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1800\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1800\lin720\itap0\pararsid2780937 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 The witness is saying different facts from his statement I wish to tender his statement in evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 . \'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 The accused in apparent objection said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15171193\charrsid12680868 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 I did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 n \rquote t put my signature on my statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 .\'94 \par Then summarily the court admitted the statement in evidence as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri1800\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1800\lin0\itap0\pararsid2780937 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 Statement tendered in evidence as prosecution exhibit B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 .\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12674407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 In his judgment, the tria l magistrate considered this evidence. This was wrong because the procedure for admitting the said evidence was not followed. The appellant should first have been cross examined on the statement after the person who wrote the statement was called to exh ibit it in court. \par A police statement cannot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 become evidence against the mak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 er since it is not on oath. Its purpose is merely to contradict evidence on oath. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11742531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 If prosecution intended to use the}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid14557439\charrsid12680868 statement in evidence then it ought to have been handled as provided under S.23 of the Evidence Act. Since the appellant was already in police custody the statement should have been made in the presence of an officer of or above the rank of Assistant In spector or a Magistrate after a caution.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 Although this be the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 case, still a conviction based on such statement must be corroborated by other material evidence in support of the confession implicating the maker. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 In the instant case, I agree with the submission by learned counsel for the appellant the trial magistrate did not satisfy himself on the correctness or accuracy and truth of the statement he admitted in evidence. The statement was wrongly admitted.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 This ground of appeal would succeed to that extent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 Although the statement was erroneously admitted, there was other strong evidence as outlined above to prove the offence of malicious damage to property. This case did not solely depend on the evidence of th e statement. As a first appellate court I will disregard that part of the evidence and maintain my earlier finding. I agree with the Resident State Attorney that the trial Magistrate arrived at his final decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1192174\charrsid12680868 after evaluation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15484073\charrsid12680868 of all the evidence on record and not the accused person\rquote s police statement only. I have found no miscarriage of justice. This case is distinguishable from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15484073\charrsid12680868 Uganda v. Emukulat Martin HCCRA 48/1994}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid15484073\charrsid12680868 because in the latter case, there was no other evidence on record sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid7211672\charrsid12680868 to su pport the conclusion of the trial magistrate. Ground 2 therefore fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10570065\charrsid12680868 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid7211672\charrsid12680868 \par Learned counsel for the appellant did not address court on the charge of assault occasioning actual bodily harm c/s 236 of the Penal Code Act. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid7211672\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid7211672\charrsid12680868 Ground 4: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid7211672\charrsid12680868 The appellant was convicted on both counts as charged and was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment on each count to run concurrently. According to Mr. Majanga learned counsel for the appellant, the maximum sentence for assault occasioning actual bodily harm c/s 236 is 5 years imprison ment. That the trial magistrate awarded the appellant the maximum sentence which was harsh. The learned resident State Attorney contends that the sentence was not harsh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid931055\charrsid12680868 because the appellant beat up his 60 year old grandmother. That the sentence running concurrently reflected leniency. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid931055\charrsid12680868 I agree with the principles governing sentencing which were laid down in the case cited by learned counsel for the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid931055\charrsid12680868 UGANDA V. CHARLES ELIBA [1978] HCB}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid931055\charrsid12680868 per Odoki Ag. J as he was. The said principles are echoed in a South African case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid931055\charrsid12680868 THE STATE V. MUKWANYANE (1995), Case No. CCT/3/94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid931055\charrsid12680868 of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 Although this decision referred to the death penalty, the pronouncements are relevant to all sentencing process}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 . It was held }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid7211672\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1800\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1800\lin720\itap0\pararsid5658756 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 Mitigating and aggravating circumstances must be identified by the court, bearing in mind that the onus is on the State to prove beyond reasonable doubt the existence of aggravating factors, and to negative beyond reasonable doubt the pre sence of any mitigating factors relied on by the accused. Due regard must be paid to the personal circumstances and subjective factors that might have influenced the accused persons conduct, and these factors must then be weighed with the main objectives of punishment which have been held to be: deterrence, prevention, reformation and retribution. In this process any relevant considerations should receive the most scrupulous care and reasoned attention\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 \'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid2780937\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 In the instant case, both charges with which t he convict was charged carry a maximum sentence of five years imprisonment. The learned trial magistrate sentenced the appellant to the maximum on both counts and ordered the sentences to run concurrently. The convict is a first offender. His mitigatio n was that he is on ARVs and had a chest problem. That his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 ife who was helping in sustaining the family was told not to do manual work for 6 months. His children have stopped going to school. He prayed to be put on community service. The State asked for a deterrent sentence and compensation to the complainant.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid16582474 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868 I will agree with learned counsel for the appellant that the sentence of 5 years on each count to a first offender}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5657923\charrsid12680868 coupled with an order of compensation of 100,000/= to the complainant was harsh in the circumstances. The assault was not grave. The damage to the trees was also not extensive. The court ought to have considered the manner in which the offence was committed, the actual loss and the prevalence of the offence and then the circumstan ces of the offender}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6969385\charrsid12680868 which include his social position and his character to guide it to arrive at a fair and well balanced view of the gravity of the offence of assault and malicious damage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5658756\charrsid12680868

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6969385\charrsid12680868 Although the learned trial magistrate had discretion to impose sentence which the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 appellate court may not interfere with unless it is illegal or based on wrong principles, I am of the view that in this case, the learned trial magistrate based his maximum sentence to a first offender on wrong principles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid6969385\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5580531 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 Appeal will be al lowed on ground 4 regarding sentence. The maximum sentence of 5 years on count I and 5 years on count 2 are hereby quashed and set aside. \par I will substitute therefore a sentence of 6 months on the charge of assault and 8 months on the charge of malicious damage to property. The order for compensation is set aside since no reasons were given for its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid11742531\charrsid12680868 arise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 . In any case the appellant is serving sentence. Sentences to run concurrently. \par This appeal is allowed to the extent outlined. I so order. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5718393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 Musota Stephen \par JUDGE \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5718393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 10.8.2010 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 10.8.2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 Appellant in court. \par Namakoye Resident State Attorney on brief for Alpha Ogwang. \par Kimono Interpreter. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16582474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 Resident State Attorney:\tab We are ready to receive judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12674407 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 The appellant in court. \par Court:\tab Where is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid727226\charrsid12680868 lawyer?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 \par Namono:\tab We normally hold brief for Mr. Majanga.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid12680868 I hold brief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 \par Court:\tab \tab Judgment delivered. \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5718393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 Musota Stephen \par JUDGE \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid727226 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid5718393\charrsid12680868 10.8.2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid1582710\charrsid12680868 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11360009 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\cf17\insrsid10695923\charrsid12680868 \par }{\*\themedata 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