[2008] UGHC 9

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OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT KAMPALA \par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 59 OF 2007 \par NASSANGA ELIVA\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. APPELLANT \par VERSUS \par UGANDA\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85RESPONDENT}{\f1\insrsid5582238 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5582238 {\b\loch\af34\hich\af34\dbch\af34\insrsid5582238\charrsid15141727 \hich\af34\dbch\af34\loch\f34 }{ \dbch\af34\insrsid14367364\charrsid15141727 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 Before}{\dbch\af34\insrsid5582238\charrsid15141727 \hich\af0\dbch\af34\loch\f0 : Hon. Mr. Justice E. S. Lugayizi \par }{\f1\insrsid9443442 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9443442 {\b\insrsid9443442\charrsid15141727 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10053937 {\insrsid12283046 T}{\insrsid9443442\charrsid15141727 his judgment is in respect of an appeal}{\insrsid12283046 , which the}{ \insrsid9443442\charrsid15141727 above-named}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 appellant}{\insrsid12283046 preferred against a decision that His Worship Mutazindwa Moses Katorogo }{\insrsid15742324 (}{\insrsid12283046 the Chie}{\insrsid8329236 f Magistrate of Luwero}{\insrsid15742324 )}{\insrsid8329236 handed down}{\insrsid12283046 on 30}{\super\insrsid12283046\charrsid12283046 th}{\insrsid12283046 August 2007}{\insrsid10886137 . Under that decision the learned trial Magistrate }{ \insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 convicted}{\insrsid9443442\charrsid15141727 the appellant}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 of}{\insrsid9443442\charrsid15141727 the offence}{\insrsid12999367\charrsid15141727 s}{\insrsid9443442\charrsid15141727 of}{ \insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 smuggling co}{\insrsid482230\charrsid15141727 ntrary to section 319}{\insrsid3022454 (1) (c)}{\insrsid482230\charrsid15141727 of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120)}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 and }{ \insrsid2779471\charrsid15141727 being in }{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 possession o}{\insrsid2779471\charrsid15141727 f}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 goods}{\insrsid6963843 reasonably suspected to have been smuggled}{ \insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 contrary to section}{\insrsid2779471\charrsid15141727 }{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 320 of }{\insrsid1997090\charrsid15141727 the P}{\insrsid12999367\charrsid15141727 enal }{\insrsid1997090\charrsid15141727 C}{ \insrsid12999367\charrsid15141727 ode Act (C}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 ap}{\insrsid12999367\charrsid15141727 .}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 120}{\insrsid6963843 ). The}{\insrsid6712738 learned}{\insrsid6963843 trial Magistrate sentenced the appellant}{\insrsid16216969\charrsid15141727 to a term}{\insrsid3022454 of 3 years}{\insrsid482230\charrsid15141727 imprisonment}{\insrsid3022454 on both counts}{\insrsid482230\charrsid15141727 and payment of a fine}{ \insrsid16216969\charrsid15141727 of shillings 5,000,000/= on each count}{\insrsid3022454 . He also made an order that}{\insrsid16216969\charrsid15141727 i}{\insrsid482230\charrsid15141727 n default}{\insrsid3022454 of payment of the fine the appellant would serve}{\insrsid16216969\charrsid15141727 a term of 1 year}{\insrsid482230\charrsid15141727 \rquote s imprisonment on each co}{\insrsid6963843 unt. In addition, the said Magistrate}{\insrsid13466108 directed}{ \insrsid13316872\charrsid15141727 the police at Luwero to destroy the}{\insrsid16216969\charrsid15141727 cigarettes }{\insrsid13316872\charrsid15141727 that were th}{\insrsid15141727 e subject of the above charge}{\insrsid13316872\charrsid15141727 s}{ \insrsid16216969\charrsid15141727 .}{\insrsid5994502\charrsid15141727 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7932676 {\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 \par }{\insrsid15214172 The above}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 decision, sentences and order aggrieved the appellant. Therefore, she a}{\insrsid15141727 ppealed against them; and in her Memorandum of Appeal dated 19}{ \super\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 th}{\insrsid15141727 September 2007 she}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 sought this}{\insrsid15214172 Honourable}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 Cou}{\insrsid15141727 r}{\insrsid15742324 t\rquote s orders overturning the}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 decision and setting aside the sentence}{\insrsid15141727 s}{\insrsid15214172 and order that followed the}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 decision. \par }{\insrsid14380903 \par Be that as it may}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 , before }{\insrsid15141727 Court goes into}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 the merits of the appeal it}{\insrsid3869393 is wise to}{\insrsid15742324 understand the background that gave rise to the appeal. That background was}{\insrsid3827219 briefly}{\insrsid7932676\charrsid15141727 follows: \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10053937 {\insrsid16676799 After receiving}{\insrsid14967494 information}{\insrsid3827219 that traders were selling}{\insrsid16676799 smuggled goods at Kikuubo in Luwero Township}{\insrsid15214172 the police}{\insrsid15214172\charrsid15214172 }{\insrsid16676799 carried out a search}{\insrsid15214172 }{\insrsid15214172\charrsid15141727 in}{\insrsid3827219 that place}{ \insrsid16676799\charrsid16676799 }{\insrsid16676799 on 21}{\super\insrsid16676799\charrsid14967494 st}{\insrsid16676799 February 2007}{\insrsid15214172 .}{\insrsid12141176 The p}{\insrsid16676799 olice officers}{\insrsid1594768 involved in the}{ \insrsid12141176 exercise included}{\insrsid15214172 }{\insrsid15214172\charrsid15141727 Okello}{\insrsid14967494\charrsid15141727 John }{\insrsid6950665 (}{\insrsid16605765 PW1}{\insrsid12141176 ),}{\insrsid16605765 Kikomeko Florence (PW2) and}{ \insrsid4014144 Magada Moses (PW3)}{\insrsid12141176 . During the}{\insrsid14645970 exercise}{\insrsid16676799 the above police officers recovered}{\insrsid4014144 4 boxes of \'93}{\b\i\insrsid4014144\charrsid4014144 Match cigarettes}{ \b\i\insrsid4014144 \'94}{\b\i\insrsid1594768 .}{\b\i\insrsid16676799 }{\insrsid1594768 T}{\insrsid16676799 hey found}{\insrsid1594768 them}{\insrsid16676799\charrsid16676799 }{\insrsid16676799 on}{\b\i\insrsid4482668 }{\insrsid14645970 display at}{ \insrsid1594768 a}{\insrsid16676799 counter in}{\insrsid4014144 a}{\insrsid4482668 shop where the}{\insrsid4014144 appellant was}{\insrsid3763230 sellings merchandise. The}{\insrsid4482668 police officers}{\insrsid4014144 a}{\insrsid1128752 rrested the appellant who in turn}{\insrsid3763230 admitted}{\insrsid14825666 that she was}{\insrsid14825666\charrsid15141727 selling the cigarettes}{\insrsid1594768 in question. They}{\insrsid3763230 later took the appellant to court}{ \insrsid4482668 where she }{\insrsid3277062 was}{\insrsid4014144 charged}{\insrsid3277062 and tried for the offences of}{\insrsid4014144 smuggling and being }{\insrsid4482668 in possession of}{\insrsid12393401 goods that were}{\insrsid3763230 reasonably}{\insrsid4482668 suspected to have been smuggled.}{\insrsid3277062 }{\insrsid6692055 \par }{\insrsid15741098 \par }{\insrsid3548950 In her defence}{\insrsid3277062 the appellant}{\insrsid3548950 disclaimed ownership of}{\insrsid10244614 the shop in question}{\insrsid3548950 . She explained that the said shop}{\insrsid11275870 belo}{\insrsid2883615 nged to o ne Stephen Mugenyi. In addition,}{\insrsid12867620 }{\insrsid3548950 Katende Joseph }{\insrsid12867620 (}{\insrsid3548950 -}{\insrsid11106204 i.e.}{\insrsid3548950 }{\insrsid11275870 DW2 }{\insrsid10244614 \endash }{\insrsid11275870 }{ \insrsid15599951 an officer from the revenue sect}{\insrsid11106204 ion of Luwero Town Council)}{\insrsid15599951 testified }{\insrsid10244614 that Stephen Mugenyi was the holder}{\insrsid14025169 }{\insrsid10244614 of the}{\insrsid3277062 trading licence}{\insrsid10244614 for the shop in question.}{\insrsid3277062 \par }{\insrsid3548950 \par }{\insrsid11106204 After recording}{\insrsid3548950 the above evidence the learned trial Magistrate}{\insrsid11106204 convicted the appellant of}{\insrsid12867620 the above}{\insrsid3548950 offen}{\insrsid11106204 ces. He}{\insrsid3548950 sentenced her accordingly; and hence the appeal herein. \par \par }{\insrsid1916127 At the time of hearing the appeal}{\insrsid1916127\charrsid1916127 }{\insrsid10505182 Mr. Nsubuga\endash Mubiru represented the appellant; and}{\insrsid1916127 proceeded}{\insrsid12867620 ex parte, for}{ \insrsid12867620\charrsid12867620 }{\insrsid10505182 despite service}{\insrsid12867620 the Director of Pu}{\insrsid1916127 blic Prosecutions did not show up}{\insrsid12867620 for the hearing.}{\insrsid1916127 \par \par Without going into the}{\insrsid15161681 details}{\insrsid1916127 of }{\insrsid11106204 the submissions that Mr. Nsubuga-Mubiru made}{\insrsid10505182 during the hearing of the appeal}{\insrsid1916127 it will suffice to point out}{\insrsid15161681 that}{\insrsid1916127 his}{\insrsid15161681 arguments, in essence,}{\insrsid11106204 raised three}{\insrsid1070431 }{\insrsid15738624 important issues}{\insrsid8994400 which}{\insrsid1916127 were as follows:}{\insrsid15738624 \par \par (a) whether the learned trial Magistrate erred in law and}{\insrsid16522052 in}{\insrsid15738624 f}{\insrsid11106204 act in convicting the appellant}{\insrsid15161681 of the above charges;}{\insrsid11106204 \par \par (b)}{\insrsid15161681 }{\insrsid11106204 whether the errors (if any) could be ignor}{\insrsid11537398 ed as inconsequential on appeal;}{\insrsid11106204 }{\insrsid15161681 and}{\insrsid2759177 }{\insrsid15738624 \par }{\insrsid2759177 \par }{\insrsid7367356 (c}{\insrsid15738624 ) the remedies available. \par }{\insrsid11537398 \par Court will discuss the above issues in turn. \par }{\insrsid15738624 \par }{\insrsid15161681 With regard to the first issue }{\b\insrsid15161681\charrsid11537398 (i.e.}{\insrsid15161681\charrsid15161681 }{\b\insrsid15161681\charrsid15161681 whether the learned trial Magistrate erred in law and}{\b\insrsid16522052 in}{ \b\insrsid15161681\charrsid15161681 fact in con}{\b\insrsid11537398 victing the appellant}{\b\insrsid15161681\charrsid15161681 of the above charges}{\b\insrsid15161681 )}{\b\insrsid534052 }{\insrsid534052\charrsid534052 Court}{\insrsid16480436 will}{ \insrsid11537398 discuss the two charges separately}{\insrsid16480436 . However, before doing so}{\b\insrsid15532518 }{\insrsid16480436 it is worth noting}{\insrsid15532518 that section 318 of the Pe}{\insrsid9897958 nal Code Act (Cap. 120) gives}{ \insrsid793417 a}{\insrsid4458352 good}{\insrsid15532518 b}{\insrsid793417 ackground to}{\insrsid15532518 the charges in question.}{\insrsid793417\charrsid793417 }{\insrsid4458352 Firstly, a}{\insrsid793417 mong other things}{\insrsid4458352 ,}{ \insrsid793417 that s}{\insrsid4458352 ection}{\insrsid9897958 shows that}{\insrsid9897958\charrsid9897958 }{\insrsid9897958 except in a few circumstances (e.g. where goods are for personal use or for use as gifts in reasonable quantity)}{ \insrsid793417 the importation of goods}{\insrsid793417\charrsid5776401 }{\insrsid793417 into Uganda}{\insrsid4458352 without}{\insrsid14624374 a licence}{\insrsid15680731 granted by t}{\insrsid10169411 he Minister responsible}{\insrsid9897958 is prohibited}{\insrsid4458352 . Secondly}{\insrsid793417 ,}{\insrsid16522052 section 318}{\insrsid14624374 leaves no doubt}{\insrsid793417 that the }{\b\i\insrsid793417\charrsid16522052 \'93customs posts in existence immediately before the 11}{ \b\i\super\insrsid793417\charrsid16522052 th}{\b\i\insrsid793417\charrsid16522052 January 1980 shall}{\b\i\insrsid4458352\charrsid16522052 \'85}{\b\i\insrsid793417\charrsid16522052 , be deemed to be }{\b\i\insrsid4458352\charrsid16522052 the prescribed places of \'85 entry}{\b\i\insrsid793417\charrsid16522052 \'85\'94}{\b\i\insrsid5724803 }{\insrsid5724803\charrsid5724803 into Uganda}{\insrsid5724803 .}{\b\insrsid793417\charrsid16522052 }{\b\insrsid5724803 \par }{\b\insrsid15532518\charrsid16522052 }{\b\insrsid15161681\charrsid16522052 \par }{\b\insrsid5724803\charrsid5724803 The charge in count 1:}{\b\insrsid4458352 \par }{\b\insrsid5724803\charrsid5724803 \par }{\insrsid5833429 T}{\insrsid16480436 he}{\insrsid14624374 specific}{\insrsid14567528 details of the}{\insrsid16480436 charge}{\insrsid5724803 in}{\insrsid14567528 count 1 were}{\insrsid16480436 as follows: \par }{\insrsid5773428 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16480436 {\b\insrsid5724803 }{\b\insrsid5773428\charrsid5773428 \'93}{\b\insrsid5773428 STATEMENT OF OFFENCE}{ \b\insrsid16480436 \par }{\b\insrsid16591534 \par }{\b\insrsid5773428 S}{\b\insrsid16480436\charrsid16480436 MUGGLING CONTRARY TO SECTION 319 (C) OF THE PENAL CODE}{\b\insrsid16591534 \par }{\b\insrsid5773428 }{\b\insrsid16480436 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16480436 {\b\insrsid16480436\charrsid16480436 PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE}{\b\insrsid16480436 \par }{\insrsid16591534\charrsid16480436 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16480436 {\b\i\insrsid16480436\charrsid16480436 Nasa}{\b\i\insrsid13313633 n}{\b\i\insrsid16480436\charrsid16480436 ga Eliva}{\i\insrsid16480436 }{ \b\i\insrsid16480436\charrsid10955066 in the month of February, 2007 at Muliro Zone in the Luweero District imported Super Match cigarettes into Uganda in a manner by which she evaded the control of }{\b\i\insrsid16591534\charrsid10955066 custom}{ \b\i\insrsid16591534 s }{\b\i\insrsid16591534\charrsid10955066 over}{\b\i\insrsid16480436\charrsid10955066 such importation.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10053937 {\b\insrsid5773428\charrsid10955066 \par }{\insrsid6559127 For the sake of clarity it is also important to lay out}{\insrsid16522052\charrsid16522052 }{\insrsid6559127 s}{\insrsid16522052 ection 319 (1) (c) of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120), which is the basis of t}{ \insrsid11670261\charrsid11670261 he}{\insrsid14624374 above}{\insrsid11670261\charrsid11670261 }{\insrsid16522052 charge}{\insrsid6559127 . That section}{\insrsid10649565 read}{\insrsid16522052 s}{\insrsid11670261 as follows: \par }{\insrsid2648542\charrsid10955066 \par }{\b\insrsid2648542\charrsid10955066 \'93319. Smuggling}{\b\insrsid808275\charrsid10955066 .}{\b\insrsid5709083\charrsid10955066 \par }{\b\i\insrsid2648542\charrsid2648542 (1)}{\b\i\insrsid2648542 Any person who \'85imports any goods \'85into Uganda - \par (a) \'85 \par (b) \'85}{\b\insrsid2648542\charrsid5139658 \par }{\b\i\insrsid2648542 (c) in any manner}{\b\i\insrsid5776401 }{\b\i\insrsid2648542 by which he or she evades the control of \par customs over such \'85 }{\b\i\insrsid5776401 importation}{\b\i\insrsid2648542 , \par commits the offence of smuggling and is liable on conviction to }{\b\i\insrsid5776401 a}{\b\i\insrsid6622048 }{\b\i\insrsid5776401 term of imprisonment of not less than three years and not more}{\b\i\insrsid6622048 }{\b\i\insrsid5776401 than fourteen years \'85\'94 \par }{\insrsid5713609 \par }{\insrsid6831723 Bearing in mind section 318 of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120),}{\insrsid8539575 the State}{\insrsid6831723 would only succeed}{\insrsid10955066 under the}{\insrsid15939272 charge}{\insrsid10955066 in count 1}{\insrsid6831723 if}{ \insrsid2100012 it}{\insrsid15939272 led evidence}{\insrsid2100012 to}{\insrsid2753916 prove}{\insrsid6831723 the following things}{\insrsid2753916 beyond reasonable doubt}{\insrsid6831723 : \par \par (a) that}{\insrsid5713609\charrsid5713609 }{\insrsid6559127 the cigarettes}{\insrsid5713609 in question}{\insrsid6831723 were imported}{\insrsid8539575 into Uganda}{\insrsid6831723 without a licence granted}{\insrsid15680731 by t}{\insrsid10169411 he Minister responsible}{\insrsid7421922 ; and \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12320926 {\insrsid7421922 (b) that the appellant imported those cigarettes into Uganda in a manner by which she evaded the customs control over such importation.}{\insrsid12320926\charrsid12320926 }{\insrsid12320926 \par \par The vital question to answer here is whether the lower court\rquote s record bears evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt the above two requirements of the law? \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10053937 {\insrsid7421922 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12320926 {\insrsid12320926 The answer to the above question is in the negative. Firstly, there is no evi dence on the record of the lower court to prove that the cigarettes in question were imported without a licence granted by the Minister responsible}{\insrsid3548143 . Secondly, none of the State\rquote s witnesses testified that the appellant had a hand (direct or indirect) in the importation of the above cigarettes. Thirdly, the State did not lead any evidence to prove that the importation of the said cigarettes into Uganda was done by way of evading the control of customs over such importation. For example, there was no evidence on record to show that}{\insrsid10690303 the importation of the abo}{\insrsid16591534 ve cigarettes was effected through}{\insrsid10690303 dodging the known customs posts or by way of going through such posts with the cigarettes concealed so t}{ \insrsid15866998 h}{\insrsid10690303 at no import tax was paid on them. In addition, a}{\insrsid12320926 lthough}{\insrsid10690303 part of }{\insrsid12320926 Okello John}{\insrsid10690303 \rquote s testimony was}{\insrsid2847353 to the }{ \insrsid1734299 effect}{\insrsid10690303 that an informer}{\insrsid2446034 from Internal Security Organisation (ISO)}{\insrsid10690303 told him}{\insrsid15866998 that the cigarettes in question were}{\insrsid16073872 smuggled into Uganda that testimony is simply useless}{\insrsid14948319 . It is useless because it is hearsay.}{\insrsid12320926 The St}{\insrsid1917517 ate did not call the}{\insrsid12320926 i}{\insrsid1917517 nformer as a witness}{\insrsid12320926 to substantiate what Okello}{\insrsid10384222 John}{\insrsid12320926 said he heard from him or her.}{\insrsid6044022 }{\b\insrsid12998749 (See Kigecha Njuguna v Republic [1965] E. A. 773}{\b\insrsid6044022\charrsid6044022 )}{\b\insrsid11678979 .}{ \insrsid12320926 Amazingly, the learned trial Magistrate believed that useless piece of evidence and finally used it to convict the appellant of the charge in count }{\insrsid6044022 1. In any case, the said,}{\insrsid12320926 Magistrate}{ \insrsid13526282 failed to appreciate}{\insrsid6044022 that the particulars }{\insrsid4146093 of the charge in count 1 were fundamentally defective}{\insrsid13526282 insofar as they alleged that the appellant committed the above offence in the Luwero district, yet that district l}{\insrsid11871486 ies deep inside Uganda and}{\insrsid13526282 is not one of the customs places of entry into Uganda.}{\insrsid12320926

\par }{\insrsid13526282 \par All in all, this Court is of the opinion that the learned trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in convicting the appellant in respect of the charge in count 1. \par }{\insrsid13582911 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5588111 {\b\insrsid5588111 The charge in count 2: \par \par }{\insrsid5588111 The details of the charge in count 2 were as follows: \par \par }{\b\insrsid5588111 \'93STATEMENT OF OFFENCE \par \par POSSESSION OF GOODS SUSPECTED TO HAVE BEEN SMUGGLED CONTRARY TO SECTION 320 (1) OF THE PENAL CODE ACT \par \par PARTICULARS OF OFFENCE \par \par }{\b\i\insrsid5588111\charrsid10955066 Nasanga Eliva on the 21}{\b\i\super\insrsid5588111\charrsid10955066 st}{\b\i\insrsid5588111\charrsid10955066 day of February, 2007 at Muliro Zone in the Luwero District, was found in the possession of Super Match cigarettes reasonably suspected to have been smuggled into Uganda.\'94 \par }{\i\insrsid5588111 \par }{\insrsid5588111 The relevant parts of section 320 of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120) read as follows: \par \par }{\b\insrsid5588111 \'93320. Possession of goods suspected to have been smuggled. \par \par }{\b\i\insrsid5588111\charrsid10955066 Any person who is found in possession of property or goods reasonably suspected to have been smuggled into Uganda \'85 in contravention of sections 318 and 319 commits an offence and is liable to the same penalties as are prescribed in section 319.\'94 }{\b\i\insrsid5588111 \par }{\b\i\insrsid5339838\charrsid10955066 \par }{\insrsid5588111 Bearing in mind section 318 of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120) the State would only succeed under the charge in count 2 if it led evidence to prove the following things beyond reasonable doubt: \par \par (a) that the cigarettes in question were imported without a licence granted by the Minister responsible; \par \par (b) that the appellant was, at the material time, found in possession of the cigarettes, which were property or goods reasonably suspected to have been smuggled into Uganda in contravention of sections 318 and 319 of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120). \par \par In view of the foregoing, the question to answer here is whether the lower court\rquote s record bears evidence to prove the above two requirements of the law? \par \par In Court\rquote s opinion the said record does}{\insrsid12998749 not bear such evidence. On}{\insrsid5588111 quick thinking}{\insrsid12998749 , one of the reasons why Court is of the above}{\insrsid5588111 view is this: If under the c harge in count 1 the State failed to prove that the}{\insrsid4002195 cigarettes in question were}{\insrsid5588111 illegally imported into Uganda it would logically follow that being found in possession of such cigarettes was not an offence}{ \insrsid11869342 in terms of}{\insrsid4462732 section 320 of the Penal Code Act (Cap. 120)}{\insrsid5588111 . In any case, the appellant}{\insrsid4462732 disowned}{\insrsid5588111 the shop where the police found the above cigarettes}{\insrsid10248 . She insisted that the said shop}{\insrsid5588111 belonged to}{\insrsid10248 one}{\insrsid5588111 Stephen Mugenyi. I}{\insrsid12062136 ndeed, Katende Joseph (- i.e. DW}{\insrsid5588111 2 \endash an officer from the revenue section of Luwero Town Council) corroborated the appellant\rquote s defence by producing a trading licence for the above shop that was in the names of Stephen Mugenyi. Therefore, because such evidence exists on the record of the lower cou}{\insrsid5662358 rt the question as to who had}{\insrsid5588111 possession of the above cigarette}{\insrsid467807 s at the material time becomes tricky}{\insrsid5588111 . However, Court thinks that}{\insrsid11147517 in such situation}{\insrsid5588111 it is reasonable to assume that the holder of the}{ \insrsid11147517 above}{\insrsid5588111 tr}{\insrsid11147517 ading licence was the owner of all the merchandise in the}{\insrsid5588111 shop}{\insrsid11147517 in question; and that being the case that person was}{\insrsid5588111 in constructive possessi}{\insrsid11147517 on of the above cigarettes}{\insrsid5588111 , at the material time, as opposed to the appellant who mi}{\insrsid488394 ght have been a mere employee at}{\insrsid5588111 that shop. \par \par All in all, therefore, this Court is of the }{\insrsid7472534 opinion that the learned trial M}{\insrsid5588111 agistrate erred in law and in fact in convicting the appellant of the charge in count 2. \par \par With regard to the second issue }{\b\insrsid5588111 (i.e. whether the errors (if any) could be ignored as inconsequential on appeal) }{\insrsid5588111 Court has a very quick answer to this one. It thinks that the erro rs pointed out above could not be ignored as inconsequential on appeal. They are fundamental errors that finally resulted in a miscarriage of justice against the appellant. \par \par With regard to the third issue }{\b\insrsid5588111 (i.e. the available remedies) }{\insrsid5588111 Court has this to say : The sum total of the foregoing is that the appeal herein has succeeded. Following that event, the conviction of the appellant in respect of the charges in counts 1 and 2 must be quashed; and the omn}{\insrsid3751748 ibus sentence passed against her}{ \insrsid4865624 must also be}{\insrsid5588111 set aside. It is so ordered. In addition, Court also hereby sets aside the lower court\rquote s order requiring the appellant to pay a sum of shillings 5,000,000/= as a fine on each of the two counts. (In case the appellant paid that}{\insrsid7941125 sum of}{\insrsid5588111 money or any part thereof the lo wer court must, without delay, refund it.) \par \par Finally before Court takes leave of this matter it wishes to say that it fully associates itself with some of the comments that Mr. Nsubuga-Mubiru made, during his submissions, about the lower court\rquote s judgment. F or example, it is quite disturbing to note that although the learned trial Magistrate knew he was handling a very serious cr}{\insrsid3102000 iminal matter his whole attitude}{\insrsid5588111 in writing the judgment}{\insrsid3102000 thereof seemed}{ \insrsid5588111 casual. In all, his judgment consisted of eight paragraphs typed on less than one full page of paper. The said judgment did not reveal the facts constituting the State\rquote s case, nor did it disclose what the appellant}{\insrsid932786 \rquote }{\insrsid5588111 s defence was. It did not lay out the essential ingredients of the offences in question, nor did it a ttempt to make a logical analysis of those ingredients vis a vis the evidence given by both sides. In that judgment the learned trial Magistrate simply reproduced the name of the appellant, the contents of the two charges, and the names of witnesses who t estified in support of the State\rquote s case. He then pointed out the number of witnesses the appellant called in her defence; and finally convict}{\insrsid932786 ed the appellant of the charges}{\insrsid5588111 in the}{\insrsid932786 two counts. No wonder the said}{\insrsid5588111 Magistrate made the}{\insrsid8329774 wrong finding! To crown it all}{\insrsid1211832 ,}{\insrsid8329774 his}{\insrsid5588111 judgment is a classic example of how }{\b\ul\insrsid5588111 not}{ \insrsid5588111 to write a}{\insrsid8329774 good}{\insrsid5588111 judgment. \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5588111 {\insrsid5588111 \par \par E. S. Lugayizi }{\b\insrsid5588111 (J)}{\insrsid5588111 \par 18/8/2008 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5588111 {\b\insrsid5588111 Read before}{\insrsid5588111 : At 10.21 a.m. \par Mr. Nsubuga-Mubiru for the appellant \par Ms. Elizabeth Kansime c/clerk \par \par \par \par \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5588111 {\insrsid5588111 E. S. Lugayizi }{\b\insrsid5588111 (J) \par }{\insrsid5588111 18/8/2008 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5588111 {\insrsid5588111 \par \par \par \par \par }}