[2017] UGCA 153


THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

#### ¹⁰ **IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA**

#### **AT KAMPALA**

# CIVIL APLICATION NO. 360 OF 2017

*(Arisingfrom Civil Application No. 359 of2017)*

## **Nkwanzi Edith Kalebu Applicant**

#### *VERSUS*

**Respondents 1. Stanbic Bank (U) Limited 2. Gimex Uganda Limited 3. Kalebu Gershom**

**Coram: Hon. Mr. Justice Remmy K. Kasule, JA sitting as a single Justice**

# **Ruling**

The applicant seeks an Interim Order that the 1st Respondent does not dispose of the suit property comprised in plot 10 Summit View, LRV 3138 Folio 17, Kampala- Uganda.

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- **30** The 2nd Respondent, a company registered with limited liability is registered as proprietor of the said suit property as from 15.07.2014. The 3rd Respondent is a director of the 2nd Respondent. - **35 40** The Applicant claims to be a wife of the 3rd Respondent as from 18.12.2010 according to the exhibited marriage certificate. The applicant asserts that, at all material time, the said suit property was their matrimonial property, that is herself and her husband, the 3rd respondent, and that it is in that property that they both stay as a family. Both had purchased the same in 2011 for that purpose.

On 20.02.2015, the 2nd respondent .through its authorized directors namely the 3rd respondent and one Faith Kyasimire, director/secretary, secured a loan from the ¹st respondent and mortgaged the suit property as security.

- **45 50** The 2nd respondent failed to repay the loan to the 1st respondent. HCCS No. 351 of 2016 was lodged by the 1st respondent against the 2nd respondent in the High Court, Commercial Division, Kampala to recover the loaned money. On 10.10.2016 a consent Judgment was entered in the suit and the 2nd respondent undertook to pay the decretal sum due together with costs of the suit to the 1st respondent by the 31st March, 2017. The 2nd respondent however failed to meet the undertaking and the 1st respondent took steps to recover the decretal sum due by sale through public auction of the mortgaged suit property. - The applicant then started her litigation. **She filed in the High Court, Kampala, (Land Division) Civil Suit No. 221 of 2017**

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**against the respondents.** It is unexplained why the applicant did not file the suit in the Commercial Division where HCCS No. 35 of 2016 had been filed. In the suit the applicant asserted that the registration of the suit property into the names of the 2nd respondent was fraudulent, the fraud being perpetuated by her husband, the 3rd respondent, amongst others. She further claimed that the three respondents were all aware of the fraud in that her spousal consent had not been obtained before the mortgage was executed, yet the respondents were, at all material time, aware that the property was matrimonial property. She thus prayed that the suit property be released from the mortgage.

At the same time of lodging in the High Court the said **HCCS No. 221 of 2017,** the applicant also lodged in the same Court **Miscellaneous Application No. 444 of 2017** seeking to preserve the status quo of the suit property pending disposal of the main suit.

On 18.10.2017, the High Court (Lady Justice Alexandra Nkonge Rugadya, J.) dismissed Miscellaneous Application No. 444 of 2017 and awarded costs to the 1st respondent. The learned Judge held that the applicant had failed to establish before Court that the suit property was matrimonial property thus requiring spousal consent before being mortgaged.

**80** After the dismissal of **Miscellaneous Application No. 444 of 2017** by the High Court, the applicant then came to this Court through **Civil Application 359 of 2017** for a substantive order of stay and this Application **(360/2017)** for an Interim Order.

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Counsel Andrew Wetala for the applicant, prayed this Court to grant an Interim Order since the applicant had lodged a Notice of Appeal against the High Court Ruling in **High Court Miscellaneous Application No. 444 of 2017** and had also lodged the substantive **Application No. 359 of 2017.** The 1st respondent had advertised the suit property for sale by public auction. Thus the applicant stood to be evicted from the same.

Counsel also asserted that the appeal to this Court stood great chances of success, the applicant had established of triable issues and that she was likely to suffer irreparable injury by being evicted and losing a family property. In terms of who was likely to suffer most inconvenience as between the applicant and the respondents, applicant's Counsel contended that it was the applicant who is being thrown away from the family suit property.

100 105 Counsel Andrew Munanura for the 1st respondent submitted that the application ought to be dismissed with costs. No appeal had been filed in this Court by the applicant and no reason had been given for not doing so. According to Counsel, there was no need for waiting to prepare the proceedings of the lower Court, since written submissions had been submitted to that Court which had proceeded to make its decision based on those written submissions. Thus the proceedings were ready and available for the record of appeal to be compiled and filed in this Court. The applicant therefore had no excuse for failure to lodge the appeal and to file the record of appeal in time.

- 110 Counsel further contended that the applicant had failed to adduce any evidence that she contributed to the purchase ofthe suit property and that the same was bought to be owned as a matrimonial property by her and her husband, the 3rd respondent. - 115 120 125 As to irreparable injury, Counsel contended that there was none to be suffered in this case. At any rate, were the applicant to suffer any, then she will be atoned for with damages and the 1st respondent was in a position to meet those damages once awarded to her. In respect of inconvenience, the sum loaned to the 2nd respondent was more than US\$ 2 million and its loss by non-payment is a big loss and inconvenience to the 1st respondent. Finally Counsel prayed that, if Court was not to dismiss the application, then it should order the respondent to deposit security pursuant to Regulation 13(1) of the Mortgage Regulations, 2012.

This Court has carefully considered the pleadings and the submissions made by respective Counsel in this application.

The main considerations for granting or rejecting an interim application are whether the Court is seized of jurisdiction to entertain the application, whether the suit from which the application arises discloses triable issues and is not frivolous and/or vexatious, whether the failure to grant the application will render the disputed matter nugatory in a manner that cannot be redressed through an award of damages, and in case of doubt, the Court decides the application on the balance of convenience.

Further, an injunction, whether interim or substantive, is by its own nature an equitable remedy, and as such, the one seeking this remedy must act and conduct himself/herself in compliance with the maxim that one who relies on equity must come to Court with clean hands. The Court will deny an applicant who comes to Court with dirty hands the equitable relief of an interlocutory injunction. See: **Hon. Anita Bangirana Kawooya vs Attorney General Constitutional Court Miscellaneous Application No. 46 of 2010: [2010] UGCC 8 (5th November, 2010).** See also: **Hon. Jim Muhwezi vs The Attorney & IGG: Miscellaneous Application No. 18 of 2007 (COA). & Another:**

**Giella V Cassman Brown and Company Ltd [1973] EA 358**

### ¹⁵⁰ **and**

## **Moody V Cox & Another [1916-17] Aller CA 548.**

The first consideration for this Court to determine in this Application is whether or not the applicant has satisfied the burden on her that her cause has triable issues. There are no pleadings of HCCS No. 221 of 2017 that is still obtaining in the High Court, Land Division, that the applicant availed to this Court. There are no proposed grounds of appeal availed to this Court. In paragraph 5 of her affidavit in support of this application the applicant alleges that she filed **HCCS No. 221 of 2017** against the respondents jointly and severally for their fraudulent conduct and for lack of spousal consent. There is not an iota of evidence given by the applicant as to what constituted the alleged fraudulent conduct on the part of each

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165 170 175 of the respondents as regards the suit property. No copy of the agreement of purchase of the suit property, if any, has been availed to this Court to show that the property was jointly bought by the applicant and the 3rd respondent, and that the same was fraudulently registered in the names of the 2nd respondent to the exclusion ofthe applicant. The applicant does not show in her pleadings any evidence, documentary or otherwise, as to how the 2nd respondent fraudulently got registered as proprietor of the suit property. Indeed the Certificate of Title, annexure "BB" to the applicant's affidavit in support, clearly shows that on 15.07.2014 through Instrument No. KCCA-00008241 the suit property was transferred from the predecessor registered proprietor KARIM HIRJI into the names of the current registered proprietor, the 2nd respondent. The applicant has never been registered proprietor of the same, whether singly or jointly with others.

180 185 The burden upon the applicant at this stage is to have the Court look at the relevant pleadings of the application and be satisfied of the applicant's case. At this stage, the Court need not inquire any further than that. See: **Constitutional Court Application No. 07 of 2014 Horizon Coaches Limited -vs- Mbarara Municipal Council & 2 Others,** unreported.

In particular, the applicant to be able to succeed in her application has the burden to plead and show, prima facie, that she is a spouse of the mortgagor whose consent is required under the relevant provisions of the Land Act. The purpose of the Land Act Provision is to impose restrictions on spouses from

dealing with family land properties in the manner described in the Act without the consent ofthe other spouse. In **Civil Appeal No. 63 of 2007: Agnes Bainomugisha -vs- DFCU Ltd,** this Court observed that:

*"However I do not think the consent under the section applies to a company even if the company is owned by family members. The framers of the Section did not envisage a company having a spouse owning family property/land. In my view the Section can only apply in circumstances where one spouse is going to deal with family property/land with third parties". (Byamugisha, JA (RIP)*

Accordingly, on consideration of the pleadings and submissions made in this application, on their face of it, this Court has come to the conclusion that the applicant has not made out a prima facie case with a probability of success to be granted an interim order on the basis that her spousal consent was not obtained before the suit property was mortgaged.

It also follows from the above conclusion that the applicant has also not made out a case that she is to suffer irreparable injury if she is not granted this interim order. The suit property is, on the face of it, the property of the 2nd respondent and as such the 2nd respondent had the liberty to mortgage, the same. The applicant, being not a spouse of the 2nd respondent, is occupying the suit property, if such a claim is true, with the permission and consent of the 2nd respondent. It is up to the applicant, now that she is aware that the suit property is

mortgaged to the 1st respondent, to arrange for a peaceful vacation of the same so that the 1st respondent can deal with the property in a way that will ensure recovery ofthe money that was advanced to the 2nd respondent.

It is the law that an interim injunction order is not grantable as a matter of course, let alone, as a matter of routine. The Court issues it only in compelling circumstances to prevent defeat of justice and strictly pending ascertained hearing of a proper substantive application by the full Court. See: **Supreme Court Civil Application No. 9 of 2003: Wilson Mukiibi -vs- James Ssemusambwa.**

230 Therefore this Court, while resolving this interim order application, has to ensure that the applicant is not resorting to such an application to defeat justice and/or as an abuse of Court process.

It is a fact that the applicant commenced her litigation concerning the suit property in the High Court, Kampala, only after the 2nd respondent in which the applicant's husband, the 3rd respondent, is a director, had failed to meet the loan repayment obligations undertaken with the 1st respondent and to whom the suit property had been mortgaged. As already pointed out the applicant has not at all provided to this Court any independent evidence of her participation in purchasing the suit property and as to how the same came to be family property requiring her spousal consent before the same could be mortgaged. Even after learning that the suit property had been mortgaged to the 1st respondent by the 2nd respondent, the

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245 250 255 applicant does not claim and has adduced no evidence of having reported the criminal fraudulent acts of the 2nd and 3rd respondents regarding the suit property to any Police Station or other authority. All that the applicant has done is to resort to use of Court process to prevent the 1st respondent from disposing of the suit property to recover from the 2nd respondent the sums due under the mortgage. While all this is going on, the 3rd respondent, as husband to the applicant, has not confirmed as true or denied as untrue, to this Court and the Court below, what the applicant claims to be the true status of the suit property. Yet, the applicant claims, she is and has all along been staying with the 3rd respondent as a family, in the said suit property.

Coupled with all this is the fact, already pointed out, that the applicant has remained very vague as to the particulars offraud the respondents are alleged to have carried out in the mortgage transaction involving the suit property. There is no evidence at all from the applicant as to what frauds the 3rd respondent carried out to have the suit property registered into the names of the 2nd respondent as registered owner, and later having the same mortgaged to the 1st respondent. The applicant gives no explanation as to how, if she participated in the purchase of the suit property, her names were left out when registering the suit property into the names of the 2nd respondent.

Accordingly, this Court given all the circumstances, cannot rule out the possibility that the applicant is generating this litigation as part of the plan by herself, the 2nd and 3rd respondents, the

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latter being husband to the applicant and also apparently the controlling director of the 2nd respondent, to prevent, or at least to delay as much as possible, the 1st respondent from dealing with the suit property in such a manner as authorized by the mortgage deed, to recover the moneys advanced to the 2nd respondent as a loan, and which the 2nd respondent has failed to repay.

280 This Court must take a firm stand against such a party, like the applicant, who is not acting bonafide, but rather in a scandalous, frivolous or vexatious way so as to defeat the course ofjustice.

In conclusion, bearing the above considerations in mind, this Court has come to the conclusion that this is not a fit and proper case for the applicant to be granted the interim order prayed for in this application. The application stands dismissed. Costs are awarded to the 1st respondent against the applicant.

This Court notes that application for the interim order is in the same terms as the substantive **Application No. 359 of 2017,** (though in this application it is indicated as being Civil Application No. 359 of 2014), which is an obvious mistake in the year. It is in effect having duplicity of applications in this very same Court when the only apparent difference is that one is seeking an interim order and the other is for a substantive order. Otherwise the two applications are identical. Accordingly pursuant to Section 12(1) of the Judicature Act, Cap. 13, which vests in a single Justice of the Court of Appeal power to exercise any power vested in the whole Court in any interlocutory cause

or matter before the Court of Appeal, ^I hold that the ruling in this application also disposes of the **substantive Application No. 359 of 2017** (though referred to as 359 of 2014 in the Notice of Motion of this interim application). Hence **Civil Application No. 359 of 2017** also stands dismissed with no order as to costs since the applicant had not yet served the same upon the respondent.

Dated at Kampala this **15th day** of **November, 2017.**

**Remmy Kasule, Justice of Appeal**

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