[2008] UGHC 79

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)}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 {\b\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT GULU \par HCT \endash 02 \endash CV \endash CA \endash 0003 \endash 2000 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14308111 {\b\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 (Original Lira Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court Civil Appeal \par No. ML 56 of 1998)}{\b\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 {\b\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 ODOO SIMON PETER ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::APPELLANT \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 {\b\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 =VERSUS= \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 {\b\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 WASHINGTON OMARA ARACHA :::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT \par }{\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 {\b\ul\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 BEFORE: JUSTICE REMMY K. KASULE- JUDGE \par \par JUDGMENT \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5664287 {\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 \par \tab This judgment is in respect of a second appeal in a suit involving ownership by customary tenure of a piece of land between the appellant and the respondent. The original appellant (Wilson Ogwal) died and }{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 wa}{ \insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 s substituted by his son (Odoo Simon Peter) the administrator of his estate. \par \tab \tab According to the available court records on 20.10.1995 the LC III court, Kangai Sub-county, Lira District, decided the case, after hearing th e evidence of the parties and their respective witnesses, in favour of the respondent against the appellant. \par \tab \tab The appellant appealed the LCIII court decision to the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court, Lira, and that court dismissed the appeal on merit, on 27.03.1996. \par \tab \tab The appellant then appealed to this court. \par \tab \tab There are seven grounds of appeal in the Memorandum of appeal. These can be summarized into four main grounds: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid5202396\charrsid883564 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5202396 { \insrsid5202396\charrsid883564 That the LC III Court being an appellate court, had no jurisdiction to try the suit afresh.}{\insrsid5664287\charrsid883564 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid5202396\charrsid883564 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}}{\insrsid5202396\charrsid883564 That the suit was time barred under the Limitation Act. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid5202396\charrsid883564 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}That the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court erred in failing to proper}{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 l}{\insrsid5202396\charrsid883564 y appraise and evaluate the evidence on record and thus reached a wrong decision. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid16326708\charrsid883564 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iv.\tab}}{\insrsid16326708\charrsid883564 That the learned Chief Magistrate, in view of the promulgat ion of the 1995 Constitution erred when he did not hold that the appellant was a bonafide occupant of the suit land.}{\insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 }{\insrsid16326708\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13831085 {\insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 This being a second appeal the appellant has only to appeal on matters of law. \par \tab \tab The case of the appellant is that he owned by Customary tenure the suit land situate at Ongei village, Kangai Sub-county, Lira District, since 1944. \par \tab \tab It was empty land near the home of his parents. When the land of their home became used up i.e. old, he shifted to the suit land }{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 beginning with digging thereon }{\insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 a twelve foot pit latrine}{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 and later on shifting residence thereto. This was about 1952. He}{\insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 stayed there until 1972, }{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 when }{ \insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 he went to Acholi leaving the land under the care of one Ojok who cultivated the same. In 1982 }{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 he }{\insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 returned and Ojok handed over the land to him. Appellant has been cultivating the same }{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 since then }{\insrsid13831085\charrsid883564 until when the respondent sued him. \par }{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 \tab \tab }{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 For }{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 the respondent}{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 , his case}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 is that in 1957}{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 ,}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 as a means of settling a quarrel between the appellant and}{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 one Oyado, brother of the appellant, app}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 ellant requested}{\insrsid14308111\charrsid883564 respondent to give him, appellant, }{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 on temporary basis, the suit land for}{\insrsid96052\charrsid883564 purpose of }{\insrsid8917112\charrsid883564 culti}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 vation. The respondent agreed to this request. By no means was the appellant to build on the land. The }{\insrsid96052\charrsid883564 respondent then }{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 went away somewhere else. He retur ned in 1995 and then found the appellant\rquote s son,}{\insrsid96052\charrsid883564 one}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 Otia, had erected a house on the suit land without the knowledge}{\insrsid96052\charrsid883564 and consent}{ \insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 of the respondent. }{\insrsid96052\charrsid883564 When respondent resisted Otia\rquote s building on the land, }{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 a}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 ppellant told the respondent that the suit } {\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 l}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 and was his}{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 , that is appellant.}{\insrsid7866195\charrsid883564 \par }{\insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 \tab \tab Respondent lodged the case to the RCI of the area who summoned the appellant but did not show up to the RCI.}{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 Litigation continued up to the stage of this appeal. }{ \insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 \par \tab \tab The first ground of appeal is that the LC III Court, Kangai Sub-county, being an appellate court under the provisions of the }{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 E}{\insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 xecutive }{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 C}{ \insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 ommittees (Judicial Powers) Act, Cap.8, had no powers in law to try the case as an original trial court and therefore the trial was a nullity. \par \tab \tab It is a fact not disputed by the appellant that the respondent first lodged the dispute in the RCI of Ongei village. There is no record of the RCI or RCII courts as to what happened to the dispute; and how the same came to be in LCIII }{ \insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 C}{\insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 ourt. }{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 T}{\insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 he LC III Court record of proceedings also does not show how the dispute came to be before them. \par }{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 \tab \tab The }{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 r}{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 eco}{\insrsid1931188\charrsid883564 r}{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 d of proceedings is however clear as to what the respondent did:-

\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6316706 {\b\i\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 \'93 I asked him and he replied that the land is his. }{\b\i\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 H}{ \b\i\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 e }{\b\i\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 g}{\b\i\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 athered people and the case was taken to the RCI. When the RC summoned him, he refused to attend and said he did not want to hear anything from RCS upto now, that man has migrated to}{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 }{\b\i\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 the land.\'94}{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13831085 {\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 From the above extract of court proceedings of the LC III, it is clear that the respondent took the dispute to the RC I for resolution}{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 . T}{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 he appellant}{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 , on being summoned, }{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 refused to appear before the said RC I. \par }{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 The}{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 refore the }{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 app}{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 ellant, having refused to appear}{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 , when summoned }{ \insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 by}{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 the RCI}{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 Court}{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 , }{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 cannot now at this stage }{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 question what happened to }{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 the }{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 dispute before the RC I}{\insrsid15024050\charrsid883564 Court.}{\insrsid6316706\charrsid883564 .}{\insrsid4868594\charrsid883564 \par }{\insrsid8012294\charrsid883564 \tab \tab Since the respondent commenced the dispute by lodging the same in the right court of RCI, it is safe to infer that it is the lowest RCI and/or RCII courts that caused, for reasons that the available court proceedings do not show, }{ \insrsid13722285\charrsid883564 the forwarding of }{\insrsid8012294\charrsid883564 the dispute to the LC III Court, Kangai \endash Sub-county. The }{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 appellant provided no proof that the dispute had reached LC III Court, through wrong means.}{\insrsid8012294\charrsid883564 \par }{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 \tab \tab Once proper}{\insrsid13722285\charrsid883564 l}{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 y before the LC III Court, that court under section 30 of the Executive Committees (Judicial Powers) Act h ad powers, on its own, to hear the case de novo. \par \tab \tab It is to }{\insrsid13722285\charrsid883564 b}{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 e appreciated that the LC III Court, Kangai Sub-county conducted the trial of the dispute}{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 in October, 1995, }{ \insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 at the time when the country had}{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 just}{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 }{\insrsid14556374\charrsid883564 adopted}{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 the 1995}{ \insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 }{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 Constitution. Article 269 (2) of that Constitution require}{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 s}{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 that, subject }{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 to the law, substantive Justice }{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 be administered without und}{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 ue }{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 regard to technicalities. \par \tab \tab The record of proceedings of the LC III Court, Kangai Sub-county show that}{\insrsid349093\charrsid883564 both parties were properly heard, called their respective witnesses, proper cross examination of whoever testified was done, the members of the court considered and evaluated the evidence before them and then reached a }{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 decision}{\insrsid349093\charrsid883564 . It was a proper trial of a dispute with no miscarriage of justice at all. Substantive justice was done.}{\insrsid15161007\charrsid883564 \par }{\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 \tab \tab Bearing the above considerations in mind this Court, agrees with the }{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 holding of }{\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 learned Chief Magistrate}{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 ,}{ \insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 and rejects the first ground of appeal as being without merit. \par \tab \tab As to the second ground of appeal, the evidence of the respondent was very clear. He testified that he returned to the said land in 1995}{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 . T}{\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 hat is when he saw that the appellant \rquote s son Otia, had erected a house on the suit land without his (respondent) knowledge. He there and then lodged the dispute against the appellant to the RCI Court. }{\insrsid8081468\charrsid883564 The}{\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 majority of the members of the LC III court accepted the respondent\rquote s case as truthful and held for him. Therefore the cause of action of the respondent\rquote s case against the appellant arose in 1995 when he saw the trespass. Respondent \rquote s case therefore cannot be said to}{\insrsid8081468\charrsid883564 }{\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 be barred by Limitation. This ground of appeal also fails. \par \tab \tab The third ground of appeal is that the learned Chief Magistrate erred in failing to properly appraise and evaluate the evidence on record and thus reached a wrong decision. \par \tab \tab In his judgment, the learned Chief Magistrate, stated that: \par \tab \tab }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \'93I}{\b\i\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 find that what the RC court did has therefore }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5991965 {\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 }{\b\i\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 not led to a miscarriage of justice if the}{ \b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 ultimate objective was to ensure justice to }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 both parties, \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13831085 {\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 And then later on: \par \tab \tab }{\b\i\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 \'93 I have carefully gone through the }{\b\i\insrsid12720513\charrsid883564 record of }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5991965 {\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 }{\b\i\insrsid12720513\charrsid883564 the lower court. }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 That}{ \b\i\insrsid12720513\charrsid883564 court heard evidence by }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 both parties and their witnesses. I find that }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 the said }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 c}{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 ourt was right in finding that the }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 land belongs to the respondent since there }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par was no concrete }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 evidence to support this }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 claim. Most the }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 w}{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 itnesses supported the }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 respondent that the land was only lent to the }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 appellant who now wants to }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 lay a permanent }{\b\i\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 claim to it\'94}{\b\i\insrsid1839290\charrsid883564 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13831085 {\insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 The above clearly show that the learn ed Chief Magistrate appraised and evaluated the evidence on record before he came to the decision he arrived at. There is no merit in the third ground of appeal. \par \tab \tab The fourth ground is that the learned Chief Magistrate, in view of the promulgation of the }{\insrsid4743221\charrsid883564 1995 Constitution, erred when he did not hold that the appellant was a bonafide occupant of the suit land.}{ \insrsid8064027\charrsid883564 \par }{\insrsid4743221\charrsid883564 \tab \tab The case of the respondent, accepted by the majority LC III court, was that the appellant\rquote s occupation of the suit land was temporary and on condit ion that the appellant was only to cultivate and not to build on the suit land. The learned Chief Magistrate found that the LC III court was right to accept this version of the respondent\rquote s case. \par }{\insrsid13597426\charrsid883564 \tab \tab It was therefore, given the accepted case of the respondent, not possible that the appellant could qualify to be a bonafide occupant on the suit land entitled to }{\insrsid13504160\charrsid883564 turn }{ \insrsid13597426\charrsid883564 his occupation into a}{\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 free}{\insrsid13597426\charrsid883564 hold }{\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 tenure under Article 237 of the Constitution. This ground also fails.}{ \insrsid9240967\charrsid883564 \par }{\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 \tab \tab This appeal stands dismissed. The respondent is awarded the costs of the appeal and those in the courts below. \par \par .................................... \par }{\b\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 Remmy Kasule \par Judge \par 27}{\b\super\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 th}{\b\insrsid5991965\charrsid883564 March, 2008}{\insrsid2301784\charrsid883564 \par }}