[2009] UGHC 29

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THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT GULU \par HCT \endash 02 \endash CV \endash CS \endash 056 \endash 2007 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507180 {\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 ONGOM PATRICK::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507180 {\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 =VERSUS= \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6507180 { \insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 AYER SUB-COUNTY \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}APAC DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT:::::DEFENDANTS \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507180 {\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507180 {\b\ul\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 BEFORE: HIS LORDSHIP, JUSTICE REMMY K. KASULE \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6507180 {\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 \par }{\b\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 JUDGMENT \par }{\insrsid6507180\charrsid3171911 \par The plaintiff sued the defendants jointly and severally to recover twelve bags of fertilizers or their value, a sum of shs 12,000,000/= taken as cash as well as general damages. \par \par }{\insrsid1669494\charrsid3171911 The first defendant is local Government of Ayer Sub-County and the second of Apac District, under which the first defendant exists. \par \par The agreed upon facts are that on 12.04.2007 the servants of the first defendant arrested and detained the plaintiff and im}{\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 pounded thirty bags of fertilizers fou nd in his possession. This was at Teotit village, Temi parish, Ayer Sub-County. Later 18 bags of the fertilizers were returned to the plaintiff; the 12 were never returned.}{\insrsid1669494\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid13518619\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 Seven issues were framed. They are:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-450\li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx810\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid16322188 { \insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 Whether}{\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 the arrest and detention of the plaintiff was lawful. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}Whether the plaintiff was tortured by servants of the defendants. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Whether the servants/agents trespassed on the plaintiff\rquote s premises. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 W}{\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 hether not the plaintiffs lost}{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 shs. 12,000,000/= taken by the defendants\rquote servants/agents.}{\insrsid16322188\charrsid3171911 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 Whether or not the plaintiff is entitled to the return of the 12 bags of fertilizer or their value from the first defendant. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}Whether the plaintiff has suffered any loss or damages as a result of the defendants acts, and if so the quantum. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}What remedies are available to the plaintiff. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1598732 {\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 \par As to the first issue, an arrest is restraint of a person by another by moral or physical force which may be in}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 }{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 form of threats of violence or actual usage of violence upon the restrained person without the sanction}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 , or }{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 contrary to law. See: }{\b\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 LEMI ARON V REPUBLIC (1977) LR T (19) 40. \par \par }{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 The plaintiff testified that he was arrested}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 , with two other people he was with, }{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911 at Ayer Sub-County Headquarters by }{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 security personnel wh}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 o were armed. On being arrested plaintiff }{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 was removed from the vehicle, told to lie down and was made to leap frog to the }{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 Sub-County }{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 Headquarters, a 100 metres away}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 . There, }{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 he was told that he had been arrested for he was a thief having stolen fertilizers. He explained}{ \insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 in a written statement}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 that he had bought the fert ilizers from farmers and he was taking them to his farm. He was detained from 8.45 a.m. till 4.00 p.m. }{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 T}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 he rest of the two people}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 ,}{ \insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 he was with}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 were released on paying some money to the Sub-County Chief. The plaintiff refused to pay any money.}{\insrsid1598732\charrsid3171911

\par }{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 \par That the plaintiff was arrested is supported by the evidence of PW2, Yusita Ongom, who saw him under arrest, and PW3 Amoki Patrick, who took photographs, exhibits P2(a) }{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 and (b) of those arrested.}{ \insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 \par \par On the evidence adduced}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 court finds that fertilizers are not a common commodity to be in possession with}{\insrsid11366848\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 }{ \insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 particularly}{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 in large quantity and therefore there was sufficient ground for stopping the plaintiff and demanding for an explanation as to the source of the fertilizers. There was however, no justification for the use of a gun, ordering the p}{ \insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 l}{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 aintiff to lie down and to frog leap him. The evidence of the plaintiff and his witnesses on this point has not been rebutted by the defence. Court therefore find that the plaintiff \rquote s arrest was unlawful.}{\insrsid3217508\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 \par As to the detention of the plaintiff, the evidence of the plaintiff is that he, as soon as he was arrested, explained in writing where how and from whom he had acquired the fertilizers. There was thus no justificatio}{\insrsid10424880\charrsid3171911 n to detain him from 8.45 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. in the evening. Further }{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 it is when he refused to pay money to the Sub county Chief that he was taken to his home, purportedly to search the premises. From that time the plaintiff continued to call on the officials of both defendants to know the fate of his fertilizers, }{ \insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 and why he was not being released. B}{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 ut he never got a straightforward answer and was never charged with any offence. }{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 The fertilizers were not also released to him. }{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 This evidence of plaintiff was not controverted by the defence. Court holds that the detention of the plaintiff on 12.04.2007 from 8.45 a.m. }{ \insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 up }{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 to the time of his release which was beyond 4.00 p.m. was unlawful. \par \par }{\insrsid542920\charrsid3171911 The second issue is whether plaintiff was tortured by agents of defendants. \par \par Plaintiff\rquote s evidence is that the one who arrested him had and pointed a pistol at him, he was told to lie down and to frog leap, he was photo}{\insrsid4005385\charrsid3171911 graphed at the instance and request of defendants servants}{ \insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 , }{\insrsid4005385\charrsid3171911 as a thief of fertilizers}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 . M}{\insrsid4005385\charrsid3171911 oney was demanded from him with menaces by the Sub-County Chief of the first defe ndant and at }{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 the }{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 first defendant\rquote s headquarters}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 .}{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 }{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 While at his home, plaintiff was }{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 kept under guard by an armed escort. This evidence was not in any way contr}{\insrsid4934174\charrsid3171911 o}{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 verted by the defence. Court thus finds that the defendant was tortured.}{\insrsid542920\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 \par The third issue is whether the servants/agents of the defendants trespassed on the plaintiff\rquote s premises. The evidence}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 that there is}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 , is}{ \insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 that the going to the plaintiff\rquote s home was to carry out a search as regards the fertilizers. The search party included the Sub-county Chief , an officer of NAADS and Police. Court finds that is was legitimate of theses officers to carry out a search at the plaintiff\rquote s home. \par \par According to plaintiff however, on arriving at his home, the search party placed the plaintiff some 75 meters away in his yard }{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 from his building premises; }{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 and was kept by an armed escort. The search party then caused the L. C. I. Chairman of the area to bring someone who forcefully broke the door to plaintiff\rquote s store. No explanation was furnished to court as to why the plaintiff was }{ \insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 not required to open his stores using his own keys.}{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 Court finds that this constituted trespass to the plaintiff\rquote s premises. \par \par }{\insrsid4934174\charrsid3171911 The fourth issue is whether or not the plaintiff lost shs 12,000,000/= allegedly taken by the defendants\rquote servants/agen ts. The testimony of plaintiff is that he had obtained this money through loans during the period 02.04.2007 and 11.04.2007. He was keeping the money at his home. He saw the defendant}{\insrsid12329223\charrsid3171911 s servants/agents who forcefully broke the door and entered his premises take the money. These were the sub-county Chief}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid12329223\charrsid3171911 the Giso and NAADS officers, all in the service of the defendants. The plaintiff saw the paper he had covered his money with in the hands of the Sub-county Chief}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 . T}{\insrsid12329223\charrsid3171911 he Loan agreements whereby the plaintiff had borrowed the money for business purposes were tendered in evidence as exhibits P3, P4 and P5. When the plaintiff had an opportunity to go to }{\insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 P}{ \insrsid12329223\charrsid3171911 olice at Apac District Headquarters he mentioned the fact of his money having been taken by those already stated. Court notes that the plaintiff}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid12329223\charrsid3171911 a business man of some experience gave no satisfactory explanation why he was keeping so much money in cash at his home yet he admitted he operated bank account. Further, in exhibit P6, a communication of the Dist rict CID officer Apac District, concerning the result of the police investigations of the case: Apac CRB No. 393/2007 and the advice of the Resident State Attorney, Lira, there is no mention at all of the issue of the stolen money. This throws doubt abou t the }{\insrsid5841453\charrsid3171911 plaintiff\rquote s}{\insrsid12329223\charrsid3171911 }{\insrsid5841453\charrsid3171911 claim that he reported the matter to Apac Police. The non reporting}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 of the theft of this money, }{\insrsid5841453\charrsid3171911 there and then}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid5841453\charrsid3171911 points to the fact that the event did not happen}{\insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 as the plaintiff claims}{ \insrsid5841453\charrsid3171911 . Court is not satisfied that the plaintiff has, on a balance of probabilities proved that there was shs 12,000,000/=}{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 in his premises at his home and that this money was taken by the agents/servants of the defendants. \par \par The fifth issue is whether or not the plaintiff is entitled to the return of the 12 bags o f fertilizers or their value from the first defendant. The evidence on record proves on a balance of probabilities that the first defendant remained in custody of the said 12 bags and that the same have never been returned to the plaintiff. The first de fendant offered no explanation as to the whereabouts of the said bags. Court also infers from the fact that it is now almost (2) years since the said bags}{\insrsid5841453\charrsid3171911 }{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 were taken from the plaintiff}{ \insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 and as such the fertilizers in them must by now have wasted and thus become useless to the plaintiff in their physical status. Plaintiff is thus entitled }{ \insrsid6161636\charrsid3171911 and is awarded their value.}{\insrsid10953112\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 \par The sixth issue is whether the plaintiff has suffered any loss or damage as a result of the defendants acts, and if so the quantum. That the plaintiff lost the 12 bags}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 has been resolved upon. As to the 18 bags of fertilizers, }{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 these were handed over to the plaintiff in about June 2007, and by this time}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 according to the plaintiff, they had been wasted and useless to him. This evidence was not rebutted by the defendants.}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 \par \par }{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 Plaintiff testified that he had bought each bag of the fertilizers at shs 50,000/=. This makes}{\insrsid15428897\charrsid3171911 the value of the 30 bags to be shs ( 50,000 x 30) = 1, 500,000/=. }{ \insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 It}{\insrsid15428897\charrsid3171911 was a}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 n}{\insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 }{\insrsid15428897\charrsid3171911 admitted}{\insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 fact at scheduling}{ \insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ;}{\insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 and also the evidence on record}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 is to the effect that the acts complained of were carried out by the agents/servants of both defendants in the course of their respective employment. Court therefore holds that both defendants are jointly/or severally liable to the plaintiff in t he sum of shs 1,500,000/= being the value of 30 bags of fertilizers.}{\insrsid4812682\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 \par As to }{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 what remedies are available, plaintiff is entitled to the value of the fertilizers as well as to general damages for the arrest, detention and }{\insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 torture}{ \insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 . }{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 \par \par }{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 The entitlement is based on the principle that the plaintiff who}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 has proved his/her claim}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{ \insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 is entitled to be awarded such sum of money as w}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 i}{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 ll as far as possible}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 make good }{ \insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 him }{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 the financial loss }{\insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 which}{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 he has suffered}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 and will probably continue to suffer as a result of the wrong done }{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 to him }{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 for which the defendant is liable: see }{\b\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 Charles Lwanga vs Centenary Rural Development Trust: H. C. C. S. Mp. 887/96}{\b\insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 : reported}{\b\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 (1998}{\b\insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 ) IV}{\b\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 KALR 1 at P.4.}{ \insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 }{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 \par \par }{\insrsid9985773\charrsid3171911 In}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 the}{\insrsid282451\charrsid3171911 quoted case, the plaintiff, a bank accountant, }{\insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 was arrested and detained for 8 days by police in unhygienic conditions. He had lost his employment after his acquittal of charges of forgery, uttering a false document and obtaining money by false pretences. Plaintiff was awarded shs. 5, 000,000/= general damages in 1998, about ten(10) year s ago. }{\insrsid2371897\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 \par In this case, plaintiff a businessman and a farmer, was violently arrested, tortured, branded a }{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 t}{\insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 hief of fertilizers and was publically photographed to be shown as a thief. He was taken to his home}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{\insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 through the public and in his area of stay}{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 ,}{ \insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 as a thief and was so kept by an armed askari. He was unnecessarily detained for almost a day, and thereafter was made to go to the police and defendants\rquote offices to pursue recovery of his fertilizers and to answer police inquiries from 12.04.2007 up to 07.06.2007 when he was cleared of the }{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 recitations}{\insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 . He was never charged in a court of law. Court, in its considered view, awards the plaintiff shs 3, 500,000/= as }{\insrsid263092\charrsid3171911 general }{\insrsid15227064\charrsid3171911 damages for all that he went through. \par }{\insrsid12998353\charrsid3171911 \par }{\insrsid11881786\charrsid3171911 Acc}{\insrsid13967749\charrsid3171911 ordingly judgment is entered}{\insrsid11881786\charrsid3171911 jointly and /or severally against the defendants for:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid11881786\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-795\li1155\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1155\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1155\itap0\pararsid11881786 { \insrsid11881786\charrsid3171911 shs 1,500,000/= the value of the 30 bags of fertilizers, and \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid11881786\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}shs 3,500,000/= general damages. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid11881786\charrsid3171911 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}The sums awarded in (a) and (b) above are to carry interest at 20% p.a. from 12.04.2007 in respect of the sum in (a), and from the date of judgment in respect of the sum in (b) till payment in full. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6435358 {\insrsid6435358\charrsid3171911 The plaintiff is awarded the costs of the suit jointly and/or severally from the defendants. \par \par ................................ \par }{\b\insrsid6435358\charrsid3171911 Remmy K. Kasule \par Judge \par 30}{\b\super\insrsid6435358\charrsid3171911 th}{\b\insrsid6435358\charrsid3171911 January, 2009 \par }{\b\insrsid14835927\charrsid3171911 \par \par \par }}