[2009] UGCommC 28

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}{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 (}{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 COMMERCIAL DIVISION}{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 )}{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par }{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par }{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 HIGH COURT CIVIL SUIT NO.0991 OF 2004 \par }{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 PEARL ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED}{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 ::::::::::::::::::: }{ \b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 PLAINTIFF \par }{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 VERSUS \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li2880\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 MAGDALENE AGUTI}{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: }{ \b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 DEFENDANT \par }{\b\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par }{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 BEFORE}{\b\insrsid8481547\charrsid1993551 :\tab }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 THE HON. JUSTICE GEOFFREY KIRYABWIRE \par }{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 J}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 U}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 D}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{ \b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 G}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 M}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 E}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{ \b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 N}{\b\ul\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 T \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 The plaintiff, Pearl Engineering Company Ltd, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Uganda, brought this suit against the defendant, Magdalene Aguti, by way of plaint for the recovery of Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda shillings), general damages for conversion and breach of trust with interests thereon from the date of judgment till payment in full plus costs of the suit. \par \par The case for the plaintiff is that on or about the 9}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 th }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 the defendant, who was employed as a cashier by the plaintiff company, was given a cheque No.102016 in her names with instructions to withdraw Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda shilling s) from Standard Chartered Bank (U) Ltd in her capacity as cashier of the plaintiff and distribute it to the officers of the plaintiff company to be used for its business. The defendant later informed the management of the plaintiff company that there wer e insufficient funds on the plaintiff\rquote s Bank Account }{\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 to cash the cheque }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 but she kept the cheque. On or about the 31}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 st}{ \insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 of August 2004, without the knowledge or consent of the plaintiff company\rquote s management, the defendant used the said cheque No.102016 to withdraw Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= from the plaintiff\rquote s bank account which she put to her own use to the plaintiff company\rquote s detriment and loss. The defendant later disappeared and absconded from duty. It is the case for the plaintiff that the defendant\rquote s acts amou nted to breach of contract, conversion and breach of trust and therefore occasioned great loss to the plaintiff\rquote s business. \par \par The defendant in her written statement of defence denies the allegations and avers that on the 9}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 th }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 she was given ins tructions to go to Standard Chartered Bank (U) Ltd to cash cheque No.102016 worth Ug. Shs.15,000,000/=. That, at the bank she was informed that the cheque could not be cashed due to lack of sufficient funds. That on that very same day she returned the cheq ue to the }{\cf1\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Managing Director.}{\cf5\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 It was further averred that on the 31}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 of August 2004, the defendant was given the same cheque by the accountant, her immediate supervisor, who instructed her to go and cash the cheque which she did and she deposited the money with the cashier Mr. Aloysius Nuwagira and the same was duly recorded in the register. The defendant therefore denies converting the said money or absconding from duty as alleged. \par \par The parties at the pre trial conference agreed to the following facts:- \par }{\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 { \insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 The defendant was employed by the plaintiff as an Accounts Assistant. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par The agreed issues were the following:- \par }{\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 { \insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Whether the defendant converted shillings 15,000,000/= withdrawn from the company accounts by herself. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 { \insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Whether the defendant delivered the money to the company as instructed by the company. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid9974379\charrsid1993551 \par {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK2}{\listtext\pard\plain\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 What remedies are available to the parties? \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK2}Ms. Joy Ntambirweki appeared for the plaintiff while}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Mr. Joseph Kasozi }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 appeared for the defendant. The plaintiff called three (3) witness namely}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Gumisiriza Birantana PW1 the Managing director of }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Pearl Engineering Company, }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 I gulu Richard Wanema}{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 the Accountant and }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Nuwagira Aloysius Cathburt PW3 a cashier at}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Pearl Engineering Company}{ \insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 . For the defendant,}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Magdalene Aguti}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 DW1 testified. \par \par }{\insrsid9045009\charrsid1993551 For convenience, I will consider issue No.2 first before proceeding to issue No.1.}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \par \par \par }\pard \qj \fi-2340\li2340\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2340\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Issue No. 2:}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \tab }{\b\ul\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Whether the defendant delivered the money to the company as instructed by the company. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Counsel for the plaintiff in relying on the testimony of Mr. Gumisiriza Birantana (PW1) submitted that on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004, the }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 M}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 anaging }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector of the plaintiff company requisitioned for money to carter for the employees of the plaintiff and carry out other necessary business activities while at the site in Fort Portal. Counsel}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 for the Plaintiff}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 submitted that instructions where given to the defendant to go to Standard Chartered Bank (U) Ltd with cheque No.102016 to withdraw money as a bank agent. She however returned and informed the }{ \insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 M}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 anaging }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector of the plaintiff company that the bank had refused to give her the money due to insufficient funds on the plaintiff company\rquote s bank account. \par \par }{\insrsid9324602\charrsid1993551 It was the }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 testimony Mr. Gumisiriza Birantana (PW1)}{\insrsid9324602\charrsid1993551 that he was the only }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 officer of the plaintiff company who was authorized to authorize cash withdraws and paymen}{\insrsid9324602\charrsid1993551 ts in the plaintiff company. T}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 hat he never authorized the defendant to withdraw the money using the cheque apart from the day when he gave instructions to her that is on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 20004. Counsel}{ \insrsid9324602\charrsid1993551 for the plaintiff }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 submitte}{\insrsid9324602\charrsid1993551 d that the defendant}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 admitted to having been given instructions by the }{ \insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 M}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 anaging }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector of the plaintiff company on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 to withdraw Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= using cheque No. 102016 marked exhibit P.1 which was written in her names. She however alleged that on the 31}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 st}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 she was given instructions to go and cash the cheque and that she gave the money to the cashier, Mr. Nuwagira Aloysius in the presence of the accountant, Mr. Igulu Richard Wanema. Mr. Igulu Richard Wanema} {\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 PW.2 however testified that the cash payments where only made when an order came from the }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 Managing D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector of the plaintiff company. \par \par Counsel }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 for the Plaintiff }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 therefore submitted that this evidence corroborated that of Mr.}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Gumisiriza Birantana (PW1) that he was the only authorized person in the plaintiff company who can authorize cash payments and withdrawals and any other payments. Counsel emphasized that the accountant Mr. Iguru Pw.2 does not authorize payments as clearly stated by him in the evidence he adduced before court. \par \par Further, counsel for the plaintiff submitted that the defendant never delivered the money to the plaintiff}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 company}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 . Counsel referred to the testimony of Nuwagira Aloysius Cathburt PW.3 who testified that he only makes payments and receives cash on the instructions of the }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 M}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 anaging }{ \insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector of the plaintiff company. He further denied receiving any money from the defendant on the 31}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 August 2004 and he never posted the transaction into the system. Counsel for the plaintiff }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 submitted}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that the fact that the column for vo ucher number in the cheque register book, Marked Exhibit P.3, is empty confirms that the money was not given to the cashier as alleged by the defendant. Counsel for the plaintiff further submitted that the act of disappearing from the bank by the defendan t before }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Mr.}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Gumisiriza Birantana (PW1) could discover who had withdrawn the money shows that the defendant knew that she had withdrawn money, had never remitted it to the plaintiff \rquote s cashier and was therefore running away before she could be arrested. \par }{\b\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 The defendant during examination in chief testified that on 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 August}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 2004}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 , she was instructed by the Managing Director of Pearl Engineering to write a cheque in her names of Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= to draw it in Standard Chartered Bank. She wrote the payment voucher and the cheque which were duly signed and approved. That on that same day, she went to the bank where she was told that it was not possible to draw the money. The defendant claims to have returned the cheque to the Managing Director and told him that she was not able to draw the money due to the insufficient funds on the Plaintiff company account. The plaintiff in her testimony claimed that the Managing Director took the cheque from her. \par \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 The defendant testified that, on the 31}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 August 2004 she ca shed the cheque No.102016 and that she did so, on the instructions of the accountant of the plaintiff company, Mr.}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Iguru Richard . She testified that the money withdrawn was deposited with the cashier of the plaintiff company Mr. Nuwagira Aloysius }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 she }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 and made an entry in the cheque register marked exhibit P.3 for the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 August 2004 which was to the effect that the money was cashed to \'93Aloy\'94 . The defendant further testified that about a week after the making the withdrawal she was called by the Managing Di rector of the plaintiff company inquiring whether she had withdrawn the Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= and she told him that she had so they proceeded to the Bank to verify whether it was her who got the money. She testified that while at the bank she was told by }{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Mr.}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Iguru Richard the accountant that she was going to Luzira this led to a}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 rise in her blood pressure which caused her to seek immediate medical attention. She further testified that since she was going on}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 maternity}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 leave, she notified the accountant that sh e would return after her leave. \par \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Counsel for the defendant submitted that the move by the Managing Director to go to the bank was calculated to create scare with in t}{\insrsid412992\charrsid1993551 he defendant. T}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 hat the defendant did not disappear because the company had details about her whereabouts and was in touch with the defendant\rquote s husband at all material time. Counsel further submitted that the allegation of the money not being received by the company put }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 the}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 burden of proof on the plaintiff to prove the assertion. Counsel }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 for the Defendant }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 referred me to }{\b\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 S}{\b\insrsid752631\charrsid1993551 ection 101 (1) of the E}{\b\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 vidence Act cap 6 }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 which provides that; \par }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \'93 Whoever desires any court to give judgment as to any legal right or liability dependant on the existence of facts which he or she asserts must prove that those facts exist.\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx10080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid412992\charrsid1993551 It was counsel}{\insrsid7164492\charrsid1993551 \rquote }{\insrsid412992\charrsid1993551 s }{ \insrsid14773704\charrsid1993551 submission}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that the cash was deposited with the Cashier Mr. }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Nuwagira Aloysius as was the practice and that the defendant entered in the remarks column of the cheque register (exhibit P}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 .}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 3) just like other entries not in question that }{ \i\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \'93cash to }{\i\insrsid14377759\charrsid1993551 Alloy}{\i\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 \'94}{\i\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 . }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Counsel }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 for the Defendant submitted}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that this cheque register book was relied upon by the company to trace the movement of cheques and other subsequent payments. That the entries made by the Managing Director and the Accountant where check}{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 and balance}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 mechanisms to ascertain transactions that have taken place in the company. Counsel in his submissions averred that the Managing Director of the plaintiff company had received the Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= and that he had confirmed this by ticki ng against it in the cheque register book, entered it in the computer and reconciled it. He therefore submitted that the money was received by the plaintiff company and that the plaintiff has failed to discharge their burden of proof. \par \par Counsel for the plaintiff in reply }{\insrsid412992\charrsid1993551 submitted}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that the allegation that the defendant was instructed by the Accountant is disproved by her own evidence when she testified that she gave the money to the cashier upon returning from the bank yet she had also testified that she rep orts back to the person who had sent her but with this transaction she reported to the accountant just because he was in the same office}{\insrsid3356863\charrsid1993551 as the cashier. Counsel}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 submitted that the cheque register was for tracing cheques and not cash and that the defendant adm}{\insrsid3356863\charrsid1993551 itted to this. T}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 hat the cheque no.102016 was never recorded again when it was taken out again as was required by the usual company practices. Couns}{\insrsid3356863\charrsid1993551 el further}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 submitted that the tick made by the }{ \insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 Managing D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 in the register }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 only meant that he had se en the cheque and that the posting of the cheque was made on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 and that posting did not mean reconciliation.}{\insrsid1906529\charrsid1993551 }{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Counsel }{\insrsid1519661\charrsid1993551 for the Plaintiff }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 therefore submitted that it is not true that the defendant deposited the money with the cashier. Tha t if the money had been handed over to the cashier the defendant would have told the Managing Director that she had withdrawn the money and given it to the cashier but she instead denied that she had done so. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 From the evidence before court}{\insrsid11488585\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 it is not disp uted that defendant was instructed to withdraw Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda shillings) from the plaintiff\rquote s account using cheque }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 No.102016, marked Exhibit P.1, drawn on Standard Chartered Bank (U) Ltd in the names of the defendant on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004. It is also not disputed that on the 31}{ \super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 the defendant went to standard Chartered bank and withdrew the said sum from the plaintiff company\rquote s account. However the point of dispute arises in regard to whether the money was delivered to the plaintiff company. \par \par Making reference to the evidence before me, Mr. Gumisiriza Birantana (PW1) and Mr. Iguru Richard (PW.2) testified that they never gave instructions to the defendant to withdraw the }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda shillings) from the plaintiff\rquote s account using cheque }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 No.102016 on the 31}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 as alleged by the defendant. Further, Mr. Nuwagira Aloysius (PW3) claims that he never received the said amount from the plaintiff.}{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 However the testimonies of Mr. Gumisiriza (PW.1)}{ \insrsid5336716\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 Mr. }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 Nuwagira Aloysius (PW3) and the defendant that }{\insrsid5336716\charrsid1993551 show that i}{ \insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 t was an established }{\insrsid5336716\charrsid1993551 practice in the company}{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 that when the money }{\insrsid5336716\charrsid1993551 was collected}{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 from the bank it always went to the paying cashier and in this case }{\insrsid5336716\charrsid1993551 that }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 was }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 Mr. }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 Nuwagira Aloysius who would not sign anywhere to show that he had received the money. \par \par It was }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Mr. Gumisiriza}{\insrsid7164492\charrsid1993551 \rquote s}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 (}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 PW1}{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 )}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 testimony}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that when he was reconciling with the account}{\insrsid15942757\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 he found a withdrawal of Shs.15,000,000/=. Upon inquiry, he found that it was the defendant that had withdrawn the money. When he went to inquire at the bank together with the defendant and the account}{\insrsid752631\charrsid1993551 ant}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 , the defendant disappeared and was later found by the police in Mulago hospital after she had just given birth}{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 to a baby}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 . However the defendant ins ists that she gave the money to Mr. Nuwagira Aloysius and she claims to have made an entry in the cheque register book marked exhibit P.3 in order to show that the money was given to Mr. Aloysius the }{\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 cashier. The defendant further testified}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that the reason for leaving the bank, on the day when she had gone with the }{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 M}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 anaging }{ \insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 D}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 irector of the plaintiff company to verify who had withdrawn the money, was because she had got high blood pressure and had therefore gone to seek medical attention. \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 I have addressed my mind to the }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 cheque register book}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 , Exhibit P.3. It has several entries but the one that is most important to this case is made on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004. It shows that Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= was withdrawn using cheque No.102016 by }{\insrsid7164492\charrsid1993551 Maggie}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that is the defendant and signed by her however the post date and the payment voucher num}{\insrsid7305012\charrsid1993551 ber column were not filled in. T}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 he remarks column was filled i}{\insrsid7305012\charrsid1993551 n with the}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \'93cash To}{\insrsid12914559\charrsid1993551 Alloy}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \'94}{\insrsid2177420\charrsid1993551 though the words are not clear. T}{\insrsid12914559\charrsid1993551 here}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 is nothing }{\insrsid12914559\charrsid1993551 else }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 to show that the Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= was given to Mr. Nuwagira Aloysius as claimed by the defendant. Mr. }{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Nuwagira Aloysius (PW3) testified that it was his duty to post vouchers in the system after the Managing Director and the Accountant of the plaintiff company had looked at them but that he did not post cheques. He also denied ever}{\cf13\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 posting the transaction in issue. Another peculiar thing about the entry made in the cheque register book (Exhibit P3) is in regard to the markings that were supposed to be entered by the Managing Director and the account ant. The accountant Mr. Iguru Richard (PW.2) testified that he would enter the Letter \'93P\'94 in the cheque register book after a posting had been made in the computer system. He }{\insrsid1331635\charrsid1993551 admitted to having }{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 entered the letter \'93P\'94 on the entry made on the 9}{\super\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 of August 2004 but he }{\insrsid1331635\charrsid1993551 denied}{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 do}{\insrsid1331635\charrsid1993551 ing}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 the reconciliation.}{\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid8410479\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 Mr. Gumisiriza (PW.1) testified that he ticks in the cheque register book in the column for payment of }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 voucher number,}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 when he enter}{ \insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 s}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 a cheque in his computer for conciliation and that the tick meant that he had seen a cheque that had been issued.}{\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 It was Mr. Gumisiriza testimony that, he made a tick on the entry made on the 9}{\super\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 th}{\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 August 2004 and also added a star with the presumption that the defendant had gone to the bank and withdrawn the money. }{ \insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 He further testified}{\insrsid1331635\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 during cross examination}{\insrsid1331635\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that the cheque register book was meant for purposes of tracing cheques and not cash and that a person receiving the money does not sign in this book }{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 but}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 that they do not keep any }{ \insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 other }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 documentation to show that money ha}{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 d}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 come into the company but rather it }{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 would generally}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 be noticed by everyone when the money }{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 had been}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 brought into the company. }{\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 \par \par These facts clear}{\insrsid2646004\charrsid1993551 ly}{\insrsid3433012\charrsid1993551 show that the company did not have a good system of accounts and that there was no system established to show a systematic movement of documents and money in the company. The company accounts seemed to be run on the basis of good faith and trust of all its employees.}{\insrsid4004585\charrsid1993551 \par \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 It would appear to me therefore, basing on the facts of the case and all the evidence adduced}{\cf13\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 bef ore court that the defendant withdrew Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= }{\insrsid1970201\charrsid1993551 with}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 instruc}{\insrsid1970201\charrsid1993551 tions from the accountant}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 using cheque No.102016 (Marked Exhibit P3) }{\insrsid1970201\charrsid1993551 and}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 delivered the said amount to Mr. Nuwagira Aloysius the cashier of the plaintiff company}{\insrsid4208192\charrsid1993551 as was the established }{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 practice}{\insrsid4208192\charrsid1993551 in the company and went ahead to make a}{\insrsid13959169\charrsid1993551 n entry }{\insrsid4208192\charrsid1993551 in the cheque register book tha}{ \insrsid13959169\charrsid1993551 t }{\i\insrsid6126084\charrsid1993551 \'93cash To Alloy\'94}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 . \par }{\insrsid9258957\charrsid1993551 No other document other than the cheque register book was adduced in evidence to show the contrary. Mr. Nuwagira, Mr. Iguru and the Managing Director M r. Gumisiriza all testified that they all do some kind of posting, some of them do so on computer but none of them attempted to show court their own records beside the said register. If they were so confident of their own records why did they not show th em to court? I find that to have been odd. \par }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \par It is therefore my }{\insrsid1970201\charrsid1993551 finding that the }{\insrsid13959169\charrsid1993551 defendant delivered}{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 the Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 (Fifteen million Uganda shillings) } {\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 to the plaintiff. }{\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\ul\insrsid11214776\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \qj \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Issue No. 1: \tab }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Whether the defendant converted shillings 15,000,000/= withdrawn from the company accounts by herself. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid13786757\charrsid1993551 \par The facts surrounding this issue are similar to those of the previous issue so that being the case, I shall not restate. Instead I shall now address the law relating to conversion.}{\insrsid6433304\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid8410479\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Conversion}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 is an act of deliberate dealing with a chattel or goods in a manner inconsistent with another\rquote s right to its possession. As it is stated in }{ \b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Clerk & Lindsell on Torts, 13}{\b\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 th}{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Edition, P.1079, \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri1440\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \line \'93Anyone who without authority takes possession of another man\rquote s goods with the intention of asserting some right or dominion over them is prima facie guilty}{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 of }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 conversion}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 .\'94

\par }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 According to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Paget's Law of Banking, 12}{\b\up12\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 th }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Edition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 it is generally agreed, in stating the requisite for a plaintiff in conversion, that the plaintiff must have been entitled to immediate possession of the chattel at the date of conversion. \par }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par I have reviewed the submissions on this issue and looked at the}{\insrsid13959169\charrsid1993551 evidence on record. It is }{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 not contested }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 that Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= }{ \insrsid12941429\charrsid1993551 was withdrawn by the defendant }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 on the 31}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid11037978\charrsid1993551 August, 2004}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 . }{ \insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 T}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 he defendant herself admits to having withdrawn the amount on the 31}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 August 2004 and that she made an entry in the cheque register book that she gave the said money to Mr. Aloysius a cashier at the plaintiff company though }{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 the entry in the register is not very clear. Evidence before court also shows that }{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 it was the pr}{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 actice}{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 in the company for }{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 Mr. Aloysius not to sign for monies he had received.}{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 I need not emphasize that this is a critical accounting weakness.}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 \par In considering the law on conversion}{\insrsid15363419\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 one must have taken possession of another man\rquote s goods }{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 without authority and with the intention of asserting some right or dominion over them. Looking at the facts of the instant case the cheque was drawn in the names of Magdalene}{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 Aguti. This basically mean s that she was the }{\insrsid14691757\charrsid1993551 payee/}{\insrsid10167456\charrsid1993551 holder of the cheque and therefore the }{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 authorized person trusted the company to collect the money. She had done so before and after the 31}{\super\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 August 2004 as the register clearly shows.}{\insrsid341477\charrsid1993551 It would therefore be absurd to assert that she converted the }{\insrsid14486567\charrsid1993551 said }{\insrsid341477\charrsid1993551 money}{\insrsid14486567\charrsid1993551 since the cheque was drawn in her names and not the plaintiff company\rquote } {\insrsid12941429\charrsid1993551 s name.}{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 How does conversion arise here? }{\insrsid12941429\charrsid1993551 Further }{\insrsid14691757\charrsid1993551 I have already }{\insrsid12941429\charrsid1993551 found under issue No.2 above that the }{\insrsid12941429\charrsid1993551 Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= was delivered by the defendant to the plaintiff company. }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 There is therefore no doubt in my mind that by reason of the above the defendant }{\insrsid12274055\charrsid1993551 did not convert}{\insrsid5405444\charrsid1993551 the Uganda shillings 15,000,000/=wi}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 thdrawn from the company Account}{\insrsid12941429\charrsid1993551 by herself.}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par }{\cf13\insrsid3103457\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 In answer therefore to the }{\insrsid10772483\charrsid1993551 issue No. 1}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 I find that the defendant }{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 did not }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 convert the Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda}{\insrsid16129337\charrsid1993551 shillings) that she withdrew}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 from the plaintiff company\rquote s Account on the 31}{\super\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 st}{ \insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 of August 2004.}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Issue No. 3:}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \tab }{\b\ul\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 What remedies are available to the parties? \par }{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par The plaintiff has prayed for th e recovery of Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda shillings), general damages for conversion and breach of trust with interests thereon at the rate of 28% Per annum from the date of judgment till payment in full plus costs of the suit. \par }{\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 \par }{\cf1\insrsid12913600\charrsid1993551 Based on my findings }{\insrsid6051174\charrsid1993551 in issue No.2, }{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 that the defendant delivered}{\insrsid6693218\charrsid1993551 the Ug. Shs.15,000,000/=to the plaintiff}{ \insrsid6051174\charrsid1993551 ,}{\insrsid11825794\charrsid1993551 I decline to award the sum prayed for by the plaintiff.}{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 \par }{\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 \par }{\cf1\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 As regards general damages, interest and costs,}{\cf1\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 I note that the plaintiff has failed to prove conversion by the defendant of the}{\cf13\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 }{ \insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 Ug. Shs.15,000,000/= (Fifteen million Uganda shillings) that she withdrew from the plaintiff company\rquote s Account on the 31}{\super\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 st}{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 of August 2004.}{ \insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 }{\cf1\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 I}{\cf1\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 n the circumstances }{\cf1\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 therefore,}{\cf1\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 I have seen no justification for an award of general damages, interest or costs to the plaintiff. I therefore }{\cf1\insrsid10114810\charrsid1993551 decline to award the general }{\cf1\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 damages or interest and I order that the plaintiff bears the costs of this suit.}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par }{\cf1\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 \par }{\cf1\insrsid13110044\charrsid1993551 I shall now address my mind to the prayers of the defendant. \par }{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 The defendant }{\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 counsel }{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 in }{\insrsid13110044\charrsid1993551 the}{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 submi ssion prayed for, general damages of Ug. Shs.5,000,000/= }{\insrsid9860255\charrsid1993551 (Five million Uganda shillings), }{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 special damages}{\insrsid16280772\charrsid1993551 for salary arrears}{ \insrsid9860255\charrsid1993551 and costs for the suit}{\insrsid16280772\charrsid1993551 .}{\insrsid9860255\charrsid1993551 However}{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 , the Defendant did not file a counter-claim and so this is a departure from the }{ \insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 Plea}{\insrsid1447750\charrsid1993551 dings which is no}{\insrsid11103948\charrsid1993551 t acceptable. I therefore }{\insrsid6051174\charrsid1993551 decline to award}{\insrsid10114810\charrsid1993551 the special damages as prayed for by the defendant. \par \par }{\insrsid11347234\charrsid1993551 \par \par \par \par \par }{\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 I accordingly dismiss}{\cf1\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 the plaintiff\rquote s suit as against the defendant}{\insrsid6642608\charrsid1993551 with}{\insrsid1404914\charrsid1993551 an order that the plaintiff bears the}{\insrsid6642608\charrsid1993551 costs}{\insrsid11485880\charrsid1993551 of this suit}{\insrsid6642608\charrsid1993551 .}{\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par Geoffrey Kiryabwire \par JUDGE \par }{\b\insrsid11103948\charrsid1993551 \par }{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 Date}{\b\insrsid11103948\charrsid1993551 : }{\b\insrsid3475318\charrsid1993551 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par }{\b\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 \i\f35\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par 15/09/09 \par 9:40am \par \par }\pard \s18\ql \fi360\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i0\f0\ul\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 Judgment read and signed in open court in the presence of: \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \s18\ql \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 - G. Kandeebe for Plaintiff \par - J. Kasozi for Defendant \par }\pard \s18\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 -\tab Rose Emeru - Court Clerk\tab \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par \par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par Geoffrey Kiryabwire \par }{\b\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 JUDGE \par }{\b\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 Date: 15/09/2009 \par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par }{\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 {\b\i0\f0\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1993551 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid9206891\charrsid1993551 \par }}