[2009] UGCA 52

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\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par \par IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4594311\charrsid11486104 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 34 OF 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4750227\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16590140\charrsid11486104 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15808443\charrsid11486104 Arising from criminal case No. 90 of 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12478071\charrsid11486104 4}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15808443\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16590140\charrsid11486104 against th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 e judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4750227\charrsid11486104 of Justice J. B. A Katusti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12478071\charrsid11486104 dated 13th February 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16590140\charrsid11486104 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4750227\charrsid11486104 Kampala}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16590140\charrsid11486104 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6510198\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 SSENOGA SEMPALA JAFARI:::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::APPELLANT \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 VERSUS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6510198\charrsid11486104 CORAM: HON. JUSTICE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 A. E. N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6510198\charrsid11486104 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6510198\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 HON. JUSTICE S. B. K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6510198\charrsid11486104 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 KAVUMA, JA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6510198\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 HON. JUSTICE A. S. NSHIMYE, JA \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 REASONS FOR DECISION.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14901182\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14901182\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 This is an appeal against the conviction and sentence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 passed by the High Court at Kampala (J. B. A. Katusti J) on 13}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 February 2003. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 The appellant was convicted of simp le robbery contrary to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 section 285 and 286 (1) (b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 He was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 We heard this appeal on 17-11-2009 when we summarily dismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 it reserving our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 reasons which we now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 give.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8194345\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104

\par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 back ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 facts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12862295\charrsid11486104 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594311\charrsid11486104 that on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12862295\charrsid11486104 night of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594311\charrsid11486104 21} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid4594311\charrsid11486104 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594311\charrsid11486104 of September 2002, at Bugonga Village}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594311\charrsid11486104 in Entebbe Municipality, Wakiso District}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12862295\charrsid11486104 , unknown persons attacked the house of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12862295\charrsid11486104 Ddungu Christine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 (PW1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12862295\charrsid11486104 . The attackers put her at gunpoint and robbed her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738371\charrsid11486104 various}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16737800\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738371\charrsid11486104 house}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 hold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 properties. On October 26, 2002,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 the complain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11738371\charrsid11486104 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid945079\charrsid11486104 t\rquote s daughter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 Rachel Mukwaya (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 )}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 identified the appellant as one of the attackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8984667\charrsid11486104 who had robbed them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 . She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 caused his arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 by a security man}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8984667\charrsid11486104 who happened to be nearby. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 An identif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 ication parade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8984667\charrsid11486104 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 organised at Entebbe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8748356\charrsid11486104 Police Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 at which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 PW1 identified the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 was subsequently charged with robbery c/ss. 285 & 286 (2) of the Penal Code Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 At his trial the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 denied having committed the offence. The trial Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 rejected his defence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 convicted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10578745\charrsid11486104 him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 of simple robbery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 and sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 Hence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 this appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16737800\charrsid11486104 Mr. Stephen Mungo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 ma appeared for the appellant while Mr. Vincent Ogwanga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 Senior Principal State Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 (S/PSA) represented the respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 Three}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 grounds of appeal were raised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14253309\charrsid11486104 , namely that:}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 The trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 Judge erred in law and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 fact when he held that the appellant was properly identified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 The learned Judge erred in law and fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11797018\charrsid11486104 when he admitted the evidence of an identification parade which was irregularly organised.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6700786\charrsid11486104 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 The learned trial Judge erred in law and fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8082692\charrsid11486104 when he failed to properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 evaluate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8082692\charrsid11486104 the evidence on record causing miscarriage of Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6700786\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 Mr. Mu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16737800\charrsid11486104 ngoma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 , learned counsel, argued all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8082692\charrsid11486104 the three grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 together.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9241796\charrsid11486104 He contended that the conditions of identification were not conducive for PW1 and PW2 to identify their attackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 correctly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9241796\charrsid11486104 . The appellant was a total stranger to the witnesses. Besides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9241796\charrsid11486104 the incident t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 ook place at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 around}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 2:00 a.m. Although Bugonga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14048684\charrsid11486104 municipality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 is always lit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14048684\charrsid11486104 , the attackers never switched on the lights}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 as claimed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14048684\charrsid11486104 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 Even the trial Judge expressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14048684\charrsid11486104 surprise in his Judgment whether the appellant could have switched on the lights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 to facilitate their identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14048684\charrsid11486104 . \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 Learned c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14048684\charrsid11486104 ounsel argued }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 that since}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 PW1 failed to identify the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 appellant at that first parade, it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 means that the eventual identif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12785096\charrsid11486104 ication of the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 at the second parade was erroneous. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 Worse still}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 , the parade was not conducted in accordance with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 the guidelines set out}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13837285\charrsid11486104 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 entale v. R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11738371\charrsid11486104 . (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 1968) EA 365 at 369.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 further contended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 that the fact that the appellant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12785096\charrsid11486104 ok off when he was being arrest}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11694370\charrsid11486104 ed was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12785096\charrsid11486104 just a natural reaction to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 a surprise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12785096\charrsid11486104 arrest w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 hich is inconsistent with guilt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12785096\charrsid11486104 . \par \par He therefore prayed this Court to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 allow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957302\charrsid11486104 appeal, }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12785096\charrsid11486104 quash the conviction and set aside the sentence. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989993\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11355410\charrsid11486104 Mr. Vicent Okwanga, learned S/PSA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11355410\charrsid11486104 supported both}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 the conviction and sentence. He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989993\charrsid11486104 contended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989993\charrsid11486104 grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 of appeal were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989993\charrsid11486104 devoid of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989993\charrsid11486104 merit. He maintained that the appellant was properly identified by at least two eye-witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13638648\charrsid11486104 PW1 and PW2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12018465\charrsid11486104 Although, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8744411\charrsid11486104 the attack took place at night, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 there was sufficient light}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 PW1\rquote s room}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3032046\charrsid11486104 , which the robbers themselves had switched on.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 The a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 ppellant was confident when he was assured}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 that there was no man in the house and this is when he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 decided to switch}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 on the light.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 The duration of the attack was about 30 minutes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 The appellant stood }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 near}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 by PW1 when his co-assailant was ferrying out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 the property. This afforded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 PW1 and PW2 the opportunity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5587921\charrsid11486104 identifying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 the appellant. PW2 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 able }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 to pick the appellant out in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 street on her way from work and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 subsequently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 PW1 was able }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5587921\charrsid11486104 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 pick him out at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 identification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 parade. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 Mr. Okwanga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 pointed out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 that the conduct of the appellant at the time of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6119443\charrsid11486104 arrest was inconsistent with that of an innocent person. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 When PW2 recognised the appellant, he ran away and he had to be chased for over 150 meters. He had no cause to run away if he was innocent. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 Learned counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 did not agree with the appellant\rquote s contention that the identification parade did not conform}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 to the law. In his view, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 t is not a must that all the rules in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 Ssentale v. R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 (supra)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 must b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 e followed at the same time but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 to adhere to them as much as possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 according to the circumstances of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 . Although the appellant needed an advocate or a relative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 to be present}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 at the parade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 nonetheless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4732199\charrsid11486104 their absence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 did not affe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 ct the quality of the parade. The appellant himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 was satisfied with the parade and did not raise any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10748254\charrsid11486104 questions.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9785007\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1654723\charrsid11486104 Mr. Okwanga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10748254\charrsid11486104 prayed this court to dismiss the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1388358\charrsid11486104 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10748254\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10748254\charrsid11486104 Being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 the first appellate court, this Court is clothed with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 duty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 the whole evidence on record a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 fresh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 , g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 iving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 it an}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 exhaustive scrutiny and draw its own conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 warning itself that it did not see or h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 ear the witnesses. This Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 ould}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 not disregard t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 he judgment appealed from but}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 carefully weigh and consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 it and not shrink from overruling it. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 s. 11 of the Judicature Act (Cap.13),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 r. 30 of the Judicature (Court of Appeal Rules) Directions S. I. 13-10,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 Pandya v. R [1957] EA 336. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 Turning to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 submissions of both counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 , it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 is noteworthy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 with the exception of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 participation of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 the appellant in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 the crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid814191\charrsid11486104 rest of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 ingredients of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 are not in dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 participation of the appellant largely depends on his identification by PW1 and PW2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 The principles applicable to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7275230\charrsid11486104 such a case where the guilt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 of an accused person depends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 solely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 on identification evidence have been laid down}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 in numerous cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 this court and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 the Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 Walakira Abas & Others v. Uganda SCCA No. 25 of 2002 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 the Court observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 \'93 The court may rely on identification evidence given by an eye-witness to the commission of an offence, to sustain a conviction. However, it is necessary, especially where the identification is made under difficult conditions, to test such evid ence with greatest care, and be sure that it is free from possibility of a mistake, and those that are favourable, to correct identification. Before convicting solely on strength of identification evidence, the court ought to warn itself of the need for c aution; because a mistaken eyewitness can be convincing; and so can several such witnesses\'85 As much as possible therefore, the court must evaluate not only material that supports the accuracy of identification, but also material which tend to raise doubt on it.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 \par When considering whether the circumstances in which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479706\charrsid11486104 identification was made were favourable or not, the Court has to consider the length of time the accused was under observation, the distance, the light and the familiarity of the witness with the accused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 Sabiiti Vincent & 2 Other v. Uganda CACA No. 140 of 2001. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2559217\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 In the instant case, the conditions favouring positive identification were the presence of light in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 room where the robbery was committed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 that PW1 and PW2 observed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10031644\charrsid11486104 their attackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 30 minutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 . The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10031644\charrsid11486104 attackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 very close to the witnesses, as they were talking to them inquiring who else was in the home, whether there was any man. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 Nonetheless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 the unfavorable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 conditions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 correct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 identification were that the attack to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 ok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 place at night and the attackers were complete st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 rangers to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7623979\charrsid11486104 PW1 and PW2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2559217\charrsid11486104 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 he trial Judge ruled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 issue of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12217848\charrsid11486104 identification as follows: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4786516\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4786516\charrsid11486104 \'93 The question that remains to be answered is whether accused at the bar participated in that robbery. The submission by learned counsel that as there is no evidence that the accused took out of the house any article}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16152696\charrsid11486104 and therefore cannot be found guilty is equally laughable. If it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid16152696\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16152696\charrsid11486104 is found that he was at the scene and guarding the witnesses as his f riend carried out property then he will be held liable for robbery. I have given anxious attention to the evidence adduced by the prosecution. At first it looked to me a bit out of the ordinary that robbers would switch on lights to enable their victims t o identify them. However accepting the evidence of PW1 Christine that she was asked whether there was a man present in the house and on being assured there was none, the robbers seemed to have been of the impression that they would commit the robbery with i mpunity. I accept the evidence that lights were switched on during the whole exercise of the robbery. Rachel was able from a distance to see and recognise the accused as the man that had participated in the robbery. She went for assistance. I accept the e vidence of Akia PW4 that on seeing them the accused attempted to flee. This is not the reaction of a person that is innocent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5127689\charrsid11486104 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4786516\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid11488586\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 erhaps}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16652627\charrsid11486104 r emphasis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 out that in carrying t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 he parade, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6700786\charrsid11486104 rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 Sentale v. Uganda (1968) E. A 365 at 369}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 must be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6700786\charrsid11486104 observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 as much as possible d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 epen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 ding on the circumstance of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 . However, failure to observe one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 or two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 of them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 does not render the identification a nullity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6697574\charrsid11486104 The parade was conducted properly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3211870\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 \par In this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 the trial Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 observed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9634963\charrsid11486104 \'93The parade might not have strictly been in accordance with the recommended practice but it was held and fairly adhered to the suspect to be identified had a lawyer present or at least a relative present to ensure transparency. However under the circumstances of thi s case where the accused denies ever participating in the identification, that denial when considered along side the fact that actually he did participate in the parade to one irresistible conclusion that he denies being in the parade because he was proper ly picked by the witnesses. I hold therefore that his participation has been proved beyond reasonable doubt.\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11488586\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12521766\charrsid11486104 are therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 of the view that the trial Judge correctly rejected the appellant\rquote s claim that he never attended any identification parade. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14188287\charrsid11486104 The evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2559217\charrsid11486104 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 PW1 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid22106\charrsid11486104 Dt. CPL Bamu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid69242\charrsid11486104 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid22106\charrsid11486104 anzeki Patrick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid22106\charrsid11486104 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 PW3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid22106\charrsid11486104 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14315232\charrsid11486104 together with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 exhibit P.1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid69242\charrsid11486104 showed that an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 identif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2559217\charrsid11486104 ication parade was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1837338\charrsid11486104 actually}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2559217\charrsid11486104 organised. PW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 1 identified the appellant as one of the men who attacked her house and robbed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6700786\charrsid11486104 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14907286\charrsid11486104 of various personal belongings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14188287\charrsid11486104 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13593682\charrsid11486104 appellant did not raise any q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 uestion about the whole exercise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2559217\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13593682\charrsid11486104 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12984222\charrsid11486104 For the foregoing reasons we were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 in no doubt that the learned trial judge reached the correct findi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid620470\charrsid11486104 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 g that the appellant was properly identified by PW1 and PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12984222\charrsid11486104 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072349\charrsid11486104 accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 dismiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072349\charrsid11486104 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14188287\charrsid11486104 the appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072349\charrsid11486104 , uphe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 ld the conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072349\charrsid11486104 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 the sentence of the lower court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1712481\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11486104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 Dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 at Kampala}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 th} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 day of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 December }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14038218\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid620470\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 Hon. Justice A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 N.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 Mpagi-Bahigeine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6509800\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 Hon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid620470\charrsid11486104 Justice S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid620470\charrsid11486104 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid620470\charrsid11486104 K.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 Kavuma}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2440239\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid13526011\charrsid11486104 JUSTICE OF APPEAL \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6509800\charrsid11486104 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid620470\charrsid11486104 Hon. 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