[2003] UGHC 84

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\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid12936227 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2775237\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2456951 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid12936227 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9920594 1}}}{\cs17\insrsid12936227 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid12936227 {\insrsid12936227 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid10945429 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 THE }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 \line IN }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 TH}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 E }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 HIGH COURT OF UGANDA, AT }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 KAMPALA }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 CIVIL SUIT }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 NO. }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 1088 OF}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 1998}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 STREAMS OF LIFE GIVING WATER MINISTRIES}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 PLAINTIFF}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 VS \line 1. AGNES OCHENG] \line 2. IRUMBA FRED] \line 3. DAVID MELVILLE ARYEM OCHENG] \line 4. DR. MARTIN ALIKER (ADMNISTRATOR \line OF T}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 HE ESTATE OF THE LATE DAUDI OCHI}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 ENG}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 DEFENDANTS}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 \line BEFORE: }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 V. F. MU}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 SOKE-KIBUUKA }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 (JUDGE)}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid10945429 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid10945429 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid9920594 JU}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 DGEMENT.}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid9920594 \par }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 INTRODUCTION.}{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10945429\charrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The plaintiff is a voluntary religious organization. It was registered under it\rquote s present name on 30th March, 1994. (Exh P1). Prior to that date, it would appear, the plaintiff was known as }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Trinity Ministries International. }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The plaintiff seeks through this suit, an order requiring the Commissione}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 r for Land Registration to couns}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 el the certificate of title held by the 2d defendant over land comprising, Kibuga, Block 10, plot 201, upon the ground of fraud. In the alternative, the plaintiff seeks a declaration that it is }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 a bona fide occupant }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of the disputed land \par entitled to a certificate of occupancy. It seeks an order against the 1 defendant for a refund to it of a sum of shs.2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 ,}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid12936227 500, 000}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 /= together with general damages, interest and costs.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line The 1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 st}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 defendant did not file a defence. The case proceeded against her proceeded as provided under Order 9 rule 8 of the Civil Procedure Rules.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577

\par The 3}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 rd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 defendant too did not file a defence. However, the claim against him}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 was withdrawn by the plaintiff. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line The 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 and }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16521577 4}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 th}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 defendants each filed a defence. However only the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16521577 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 nd}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 defendant appeared in court to defend the case against him. The hearing proceeded ex-parte as against the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16521577 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16521577 4}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid16521577 th}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 defendant.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577

\par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577 RESPECTI}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 VE CASES. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line The plaintiff\rquote s case is that it entered into a contract of sale dated }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid12988164 13}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid12988164 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16521577\charrsid12988164 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 June 1991 (Exh P2) with the first defendant. The first defendant agreed to sell the disputed land, measuring 0.19 acres, to the plain}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 tiff for a consideration of }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 2,500,000/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12988164 =.}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 A sum of 1 ,}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 700,000/= was paid by the plaintiff to the first defendant upon execution of the contract of}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 sale. The balance, 800,000/= }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 was to be paid to the first defendant before}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 the end of September, 1991. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The disputed land was originally owned by the late Daudi Ocheng. After his demise, it was registered in the names of the fourth defendant as administrator of the estate of the late Daudi Ocheng. The first defendant was a daughter of the late Daudi Ocheng and, therefore, one of the beneficiaries of his estate.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Under the contract of sale, the fi rst defendant undertook to get registered as proprietor of the disputed land. The plaintiff would take possession but completion of the sale would take effect after the registration of the first defendant as proprietor of the disputed land when she would execute transfer deeds in favour of the plaintiff \line The first defendant never got herself registered as proprietor of the disputed land. Instead the fourth defendant transferred the disputed land to the third defendant (one of the beneficiaries of the estate ). The third defendant, in turn, transferred the disputed land to the second defendant. The second defendant was registered as proprietor on }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12988164 15.7.1992. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The plaintiff claims that the second defendant obtained the certificate of title through fraud and seeks an order for the title\rquote s cancellation upon that basis and under the provisions of section 185 of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 the Registration of Titles Act. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 In his defence, the second defendant denied knowledge of the fact that the plaintiff and the first defendant entered into an agreement of sale of the disputed land on \line June, 1991. The second defendant pleaded that he was the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 registered proprietor of the \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 disputed land and that he was a }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 bona fide Purchaser for value }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 and that the plaintiff was a trespasser on the disputed land . He prayed, in a counter claim, for an eviction order, general damages, mesne profits and costs of the suit.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The fourth defendant\rquote s defence was that having divested himself of his duties as administrator of the estate of the late Daudi Ocheng, he could not be the subject of any of t}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 he claims set out in the plaint. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 AGREED FACTS.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line The following facts were of common agreement during the scheduling conference: \line a) that the plaintiff was incorporated under the Companies Act, originally as Trinity Ministries Int }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12988164 ernational, but on 30th March ,}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 1994, the name was changed to Streams Of Life Giving Water Ministries, \line b) that the disputed land is registered in the names of the second defendant; and c) that the plaintiff is in physical possession of the disputed prope}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid543368 rty. \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 ISSUES:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line Four issues were agreed upon for determination in this suit. They are: \line a) whether the plaintiff purchased the disputed property; \line b) whether the second defendant obtained the certificate of title through fraud; \line c) whether the plaintiff is a trespasser on the disputed property; and \line d) what remedies }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid543368 are available to the parties? \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 FIRST ISSUE.}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 The only oral evidence on this issue }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 was that of }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 PW1, }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 Jonathan Mitanda. His evidence was that the disputed }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 land }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 was donated to a church called Christian Cross}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Fellowship by one Andrew Kalibbala Kalanzi, now deceased. That was about}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid543368 1983}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 . }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Kalanzi donated several plots to that church.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The church started constructing a church building on a plot other than the one in dispute. They did not build the church on the plot in disputed because it was part of Kalanzi\rquote s compound.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Later Christian Cross Fellowship split into two differe}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 nt churches. One went to Mengo }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 SSS. The other went to City Nursery School. It was the group which went to City}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Nursery School that formed Trinity Ministries Internat}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 ional, which name, in 1994 was }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 changed to Streams of Life Giving Water Ministries.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The defendant then moved from City Nursery School to the disputed land and constructed a shelter upon it. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 In }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 1991, the plaintiff entered the contract to purchase the disputed land }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 with the first defendant, Exh P2. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 I}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 t appears to me that the first issue would be easily resolved by answering two clear questions upon the evidence adduced in this case. The first question is whether the first defendant, Agnes Ocheng could lawfully sell the dispute}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 d land as a beneficiary of the estate of the late Daudi ocheng.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The second question is whether there was a complete sale under th}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 e contract of sale, exhibit P2. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Mr. Kibedi, for the plaintiff, submitted that Agnes Ocheng, as beneficiary of the estate of the late Daudi Ocheng could lawfully sell the milo interest to the plaintiff even before the property was transferred to her names as a beneficiary. He relied upon the decision of the Supreme Court of Uganda in }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Isreal Kabwa Vs Martin Banoba Musego. SCCA NO. }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 52}{ \i\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of 1992. }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 With due respect, I must reject that argument. The relevant decision in Kabwa\rquote s case related to a beneficiary instituting a suit to protect his or he r interests before obtaining letters of administration or probate. I find that to be a very different position from the one in the instant case where the transaction was a sale of the property of an undistributed estate. There is no evidence that the disp u ted land had been bequeathed to the first defendant or that when the estate was eventually distributed the disputed land was transferred to the first defendant as the beneficiary. On the contrary, the evidence shows that Dr. Martin Atiker, the fourth defe n dant was registered as the administrator of the estate of Daudi Ocheng, on 28.2.1992. He transferred the disputed land, not to Agnes Ocheng but to David Melville Aryemi Ocheng as the beneficiary. That was nearly eight months from the 13.6.1991 when Agnes Ocheng purported to sell the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 disputed land to the plaintiff. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line Exhibit P6, a letter, written by Dr. Martin Aliker, the administrator of the estate of the late Daudi Ocheng, to the plaintiffs dated 18th March, 20}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 03, perhaps best sums up the \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 position in a very simple way. He wrote, \'93What }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 happened to you was nothing less than fraud, committed at the time, per}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 haps, when Ugandans believed erroneously that the ru}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 le of law will never return to this country.\'94 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 I, therefore, find that Agnes Ocheng had no legal capa city to transact a sale of the property of the estate of her father when she purported to do so vide exh. P2. She was merely one of the eight beneficiaries of the estate generally. She had not made any application for any grant of probate or letters of ad m inistration. She never became the administrator of the estate eventually. Her action in relation to the disputed property cannot be protected by the provisions of section 191 of the Succession Act It amounted to intermeddling the property of the estate. T hat action was prohibited by section 190 of the Succession Act. It was an illegal act. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line The final outcome of the above analysis is simply that the contract of sale executed between the plaintiff and Agnes Ocheng on 13th June 1991 was illegal not only becaus e she lacked capacity to transact in the matter but also because it was contrary to the provisions of the Succession Act. The administrator of the estate disclaimed the transaction vide exhibit P6. That contract, obviously is not enforceable at law owing to the fact of illegality. This court cannot overlook the fact of illegality as it takes precedence over all other considerations. }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 Makula Intern}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 ationa}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 l}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Ltd. Vs His Eminence Cardinal Nsubuga & Rev Dr. Father Kyeyune, Civil Appeal No.4 of 1981. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 After fundin g the contract of sale, exhibit P2, illegal and unenforceable at law, it is only for academic purposes that I answer the second question in relation to the first issue. I do so merely by stating that I agree with learned counsel, Mr. Mugenyi, that the evi dence on record, shows that the purported sale of the disputed land by Agnes Ocheng to the plaintiff vide exhibit P2 was, clearly, not completed by the parties. Condition (d) of the conditions set in the agreement stated \'93completion }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of the sale shall take effect as soon as the vendor shall execute the transfer deeds in favour of the purchaser\'94. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Similarly, condition (a) (ii) required that the balance of \'93shillings }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 eight hundred thousand (shs 800,000) payable before the end of September,1991.\'94 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 It is clear from the evidence on record that both parties breached the purported contract of sale with regard to each of those two conditions. Agnes Ocheng never got registered as proprietor. Consequently, she never executed any transfer of the disputed property in favou r of the plaintiff The plaintiff never paid the balance of 800,000/= to before the end of September, 1991. There was no evidence that one pastor Jota paid the balance as PW1 claimed. What was called \'93the fi}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 nal payment\'94, in the sum of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 25,000/= exemplified by exhibit }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 P5,}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 was not paid out before the end of September, 1991. It was not a payment to Agnes Ocheng. It was paid on }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 9}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid4221368\charrsid4221368 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368\charrsid4221368 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 April 1992 and in favour of Dr. Martin Aliker. If pastor Jota had paid the balance of 8 00,000/= as PWI claimed in his evidence, then why was it necessary to pay the sum of }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid4221368 shs }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4221368 25,000/=}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 on }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 9}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid16464148\charrsid16464148 th}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148\charrsid16464148 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 April 1992, in respect of the same transaction?}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 In those circumstances, even if the contract of sale exemplified by exhibit P2 had been legal, I would still have found that the contract of sal e between the plaintiff and Agnes Ocheing was never completed so as to give full rights to the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 plaintiff under the contract \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 SECOND ISSUE. }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148\charrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Fraud must be both pleaded and particularized in the plaint }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 J. W. Kazzora Vs. Rukub}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 a, }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 SCCA No. 13 of 1992 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 (unreported). }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Now, the plaintiff in his plaint, specified three particulars of fraud as follows: \line \'93 I) All the defendants (three of whom are relatives) and their advocate aforesaid well aware that the plaintiff had bought and paid for the suit property, proceeding to deprive the plaintiff of the same by transferring to the second defendant. \line i) Transferring the suit property already bought and occupied by the plaintiff into names other than those of the plaintiff \line ii) By virtue of}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 (i) and (ii) above, tampering with the plaintiff\rquote s ownership of the property\'94 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 It is trite law, in my humble view, that for fraud to constitute ground for an order canceling a certificate of title of a registered proprietor, the alleged fraud must reside in the transferee or the registered proprietor. }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Kampala Bottlers Ltd. V. Dominico (U) Ltd. SCCA No.22 of 1992 (unreported). }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Clearly all the three particulars of fraud pleaded and particularized by the plaintiff in this case, }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 prima fa}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 cie, }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 relate to fraud not allegedly committed by the second d efendant, who is the registered proprietor, but by Agnes Ocheng, David Marville Ochen and Dr. Martin Aliker and their advocates. Fraud on the part of those three even if proved strictly as the law requires, }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 J. W. Kazzora Vs. MLS Rukuba (supra), }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 could never constitute a good legal basi}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 s for an order canceling the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 certificate of title of the second defendant. Fraud must be proved on the second plaintiff}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 s part. It must reside in him. It Is my finding that in this particular case, the alleged fraud is not cla imed to reside in the registered proprietor, the second }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148\charrsid12936227 defendant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 . }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148

\par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 THIRD ISSUE}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The second defendant\rquote s case is that the plaintiff is a trespasser on the suit property. The plaintiff claims he is an owner through purchase or a }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 bona fide occupant }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of the disputed land entitled to a certificate of occupancy under the Land Act, 1998.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Regarding the plaintiff\rquote s claim of being a purchaser for value, I have already given reasons why he is not a purchaser under exhibit P2 which is an illegal contract of sale. \line In order to determine whether the plaintiff is a }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 bonafid}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 e occupant }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 I have to examine both the law and the evidence relating to how the plaintiff came to occupy the disputed land.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The law regulating the legal concept of bona fide occupancy is found in section}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 30 (2) }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 and }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 (5) }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 of}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 the Land Act, 1998. Those provisions were the subject of}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 judicial adjudication in a recent decision of the court of Appeal of Uganda in }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Venansio Bamweyaka And }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid16464148 5}{ \i\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Others Vs. Kampala District Land Bond And George Bamweyaka, Civil Appeal N}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 o. 20 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of 2002 (unreported). }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line According to section 30(2) of the Land Act, 1998, a }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 bona fide occupant }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 is a person who before the coming into}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 force of the constitution: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \'93had }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 occupied and utilized or developed any land unchallenged by the registered owner or agent of the registered owner for twelve years or more, or }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 b}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \'85. (not }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 relevant)\'94.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 According to Subsection }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 5 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of Section 30 of the Land Act, \line \'93Any }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 person who has purchased or otherwise acquired the in}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 terest of the person qualified }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 to be a bona fide occupant under this section shall be taken to be a bona fide occupant for the purposes of this Act\'94}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148\charrsid12936227 PW1\lquote s}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 evidence was that in about 1983, one Andrew Kalanzi donated the disputed property to an organization called Christian Cross Fellowship. Kalanzi donated several plots to that church. The church members then started constructing a church on a plot o}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 ther than the disputed land. Kal}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 enzi was in possession of the disputed land which was part of his own compound. Christian Cross Fellowship split up. The plaintiff started operating at City Nursery School while another splinter church operated at Mengo SSS. Later the defendant moved to the disputed land an}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16464148 d constructed a shelter upon it. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 I reject the submission made for the plaintiff that it occupied the land in 1983. There is no evidence to that effect. Exhibit P1 does not tell us when Trinity Ministries Int}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 ernational was incorporated. In}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 any case if the defendant had been in occupation of the suit property from 1983 then there would have been no reason necessitati ng it to operate at City Nursery School for some time as PWI stated it did. Secondly, if it had been in occupation of the suit property from 1983, then it wo}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 uld not have been necessary }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 for the plaintiff and Agnes Ocheng to provide in the agreement of sale of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 13}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 June 1991 as below: }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 b) }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 the purchaser shall take immediate possession of the above property after the execution of this agreement .\'93 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line It is clear that both parties to exhibit P1 recognised the fact that at the time or as of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 13}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 th}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 June 1991, the plaintiff was not in possession of the disputed land. He took immediate possession upon the execution of that illegal contract. That clearly explains why the plaintiff had to operate at the City Nursery School before taking possession in June 1991.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Now, apart from the fact that possession based upon an illegal contract of sale is no possession at all, the constitution came into force on }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 8}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 October }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 1995.}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 By then the plaintiff had been in possession for less than five years. The plaintiff clearly falls outside the provisions of section 30 (2) and }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 (5)}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 of the Land Act, 1998.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 On both accounts of illegality and less than 12 years occupancy, the plaintiff falls far short of qualifying as a bona fide occupant of Kibuga, Block 10, plot 201.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 What then is the current position of the plaintiff at law? \line In the counter claim, the second defendant seeks a declaration that the plaintiff is a trespasser. Trespass was defined in }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 Sheik Mohammed Lubowe Vs. Kitara Enterprises }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 ltd. HCCS, No.4 of 1987, }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 as entry unto the land by a person without the consent of the owner. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 In the instant case, the plaintiff entered unto the disputed land in 1991 under the mistaken belief that it was a purchaser. Obviously the registered owner by}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 then was Daud Ocheng. Ochieng\rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 s legal represe ntative, who was registered on 28.2.92, did not legitimize the entry or occupation. The land was subsequently registered in the names of the second respondent who asked the plaintiff to leave or to legitimize its stay on the land by signing a tenancy agre e ment and paying rent to him. The plaintiff refused. And that appears to be the current position. It is clear to me that the plaintiff entered unto plot 201, Block 10, Kibuga, in 1991 both illegally and without the consent of the owner of the land. The pla intiff has refused to subsequently letigimise their illegal position to date. In those circumstances, I find no other legal description fitting the plaintiff\rquote s current position other than calling and declaring the plaintiff as a trespasser on the disputed property. And I}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 so do. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 REMEDIES. }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The plaintiff has not proved its case against any of the three p1aintiff on the balance of probabilities. Since the contract of sale which the plaintiff signed with the first defendant was out- rightly illegal, it cannot fo rm the basis for any legal order in favour of the plaintiff a}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 gainst the first defendant. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The second defendant has proved his case against the plaintiff in the counter claim. He is therefore entitled to the declaration that the plaintiff is a trespasse r on the disputed land and to an accompanying eviction order against the plaintiff.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 The second plaintiff has, in my view, not made out any case for mesne profits but he has made out one for general damages for trespass. Considering the fact that the plain tiff is a voluntary religious organization, usually with no steady or reliable source of funding, I award a more or less a token sum of shs 1,000,000/= (one million) to the second defendant as genera}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 l damages against the plaintiff.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid12936227 The}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 second defendant will also recover his costs for this suit, against the plaintiff}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 . \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 CONCLUSION.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \line The plaintiff\rquote s case against all three defendants is dismissed but with costs o}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 nly to the second defendant. The }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 second plaintiff\rquote s claim in respect of trespass, presented in the counter claim succeeds and judgment is entered in his favour with regard to the counter claim.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 I accordingly make the following orders: \line a) an order dismissing the plaintiff\rquote s case against all three defendants; \line b) an order declaring the plaintiff a trespasse r on Kibuga, Block 10 plot 201; \line c) an order requiring the plaintiff to hand over vacant possession of Kibuga Block 10, Plot 201, to the second defendant within 30 days from the date of the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 delivery of this judgment; \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 d) an order awarding general damages of shs 1 ,000,000/= (one million only) to the second defendant against the plaintiff; \line e) an order requiring the plaintiff to meet the second plaintiff\rquote s costs i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594 n respect of this suit. \par \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 V. F. MUSOKE-KIBU}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 UKA }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9920594\charrsid9920594 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 JUDGE }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid9920594 \line 10.11.2003. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4684988\charrsid12936227 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10945429 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid14830933\charrsid12936227 \par }}