[2005] UGHC 106

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(}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1057609 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 IGH COURT OF UGANDA AT MBARARA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1057609 HCT-05-CV-CS-002}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 1-2004 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1057609 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 EMMANUEL TURYAMUHIKA KIKONI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14164980 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609\charrsid1057609 PLAI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 NTIFF \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 VS \line UGAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 DA ELECTRICITY BOARD \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1057609 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 THE HON. MR. JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid1057609 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1057609 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1057609\charrsid1057609 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1057609 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 During September and }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 October }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 2000 the defendant entered the plaintiffs land at Itaano L. C. 1, Kebisoni, Rukungiri District and turned a s trip of that land measuring 700 metres by 30 metres into an electricity way leave. In the process a high voltage line of 33 KV passed over land comprised in Rujumbura Block 20 Plots 115 and 192 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609\charrsid1057609 plaintiff\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 hedge and eucalyptus trees were cut down. It is the plaintiffs case that he has lost use under the strip of land already mentioned the extent of which was assessed at 5.18 acres. The defendant neither sought the consent of the plaintiff nor com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 pensated him. Hence this suit. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4157099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 At the scheduling conference the parti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 es agreed the following facts: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 1. That the plaintiff is t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 he owner of the land in issue. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 2. That the defendant passed electricity power lines through the land without}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 the consent of the plaintiff. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 3. That prior notice was not given by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 the defendant to the plaintiff \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 4. That the defendant did not compensate the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 plaintiff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 The two issu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 es agreed by the parties were: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 1. Whether the defendant trespa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 ssed onto the plaintiffs land. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 2. Whether the plaintiff is e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 ntitled to the prayers sought. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1057609 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 T he plaintiff called one witness, Aberi Berunga, the L. C.1 Chairman, besides himself, to prove his case. On the other hand no evidence was given on behalf of the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1057609 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 Regarding the first issue, the tort of trespass to land occurs when one enters upon another\rquote s land and places there or projects any material object on it without lawful justification. The evidence given on behalf of the plaintiff as well as the agreed facts were to the effect that indeed there was trespass by the defendant on the plainti ffs land. Therefore my answer to thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 s issue is in the affirmative. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4157099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 The second issue is whether the plaintiff is entitled to the pray}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 ers sought. Those prayers are: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 a) Special}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 damages of Shs. 54,088,580/=. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 b) General damages for trespass/un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 lawful occupation of the land. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 c) Interest on (a) and (b) above at a rate of 28% per annum from the date of the cause of action till pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 yment in full. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 d) An order that the defendant fu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 lly compensates the plaintiff. \par e) Costs of the suit. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 Damages are awarded as recompense. The position was accurately put by Earl Jowitt in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 British Transport Commission vs Gourley }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 [1956] AC. 185, 197, thus: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1057609 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 \lquote The broad general principle which should govern the assessment of damages in cases such as this is that the tribunal should award the injured party such a sum of money as will put him in the same position as he would have been if he had not sustained the} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 injuries ----.\rquote \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 Needless to say \lquote injury\rquote and \lquote loss\rquote are used interchangeably in cases of tort. PWI in his evidence stated that because he was told not to graze his cattle underneath the wires his cows no longer graze under the wires which cover the strip o f land. On the other hand it was the evidence of PW2 that the plaintiffs cattle still graze underneath the affected strip of land and that in fact the plaintiff has crops growing in some areas underneath the wires. While I note that the plaintiff spends m o st of his time in Kampala I am aware that his witness is in the locality most of his time. I have no doubt his version of what happens in the area is more credible than that of the plaintiff himself. I cannot help noting that the reason given by the plain tiff why he thought he merited general damages was that his esteem in the area had been reduced when people thought that he could not defend his property in court. With the case being heard no doubt that perception should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 change. All in all I see no loss suffered by the plaintiff deserving of general da}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 mages. He is entitled to none. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 The plaintiff claims Shs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 54,058,580/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 = }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 as special damages. Special damages need to be specifically pleaded and strictly proved. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 Masaka Municipal Council vs Semo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4157099 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 erere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 [1998-2000] HCB 23. In this case exhibit P III which is a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 report made by surveyors hired by the plaintiff was received in evidence. According to that report the area affected by the trespass in issue is 5.18 acres. The report determined the value of an acre as S hs. 8,000,000/=. The sum of Shs. 8,000,000/= was arrived at following no apparent research. Interestingly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid4157099 59(1)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 and 77 (3) of the Land Act, Cap 227 of the Laws of Uganda were never called to aid. On the other hand the evidence of PW2 gave the value of an acre in the locality of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 he suit property as being Shs. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 2,000,000/=. I find the evidence of PW2 more reliable as he is not only a resident of the area but also the L. C.1 Chairman of the locality purposely called by the plaintiff to testify on matte rs pertinent to that locality. His testimony was not challenged. Taking Shs. 2,000,000/= as the more likely value for an acre of la}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 nd, I do award Shs. 10,360,000/=}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 as special damages for the area affected by the high voltage electricity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099\charrsid1057609 way leave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 . I take j udicial notice of the fact that no habitable building is allowed to be constructed in the area affected thus limiting the plaintiff\rquote s use of the land. In addition to the sum the plaintiff is also entitled to Shs. 150,000/= for the five eucalyptus trees cut down and Shs. 16,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 600/- for the destroyed fence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 According to the report the two sums were arrived at basing on the compensation schedule for the neighbouring Bushenyi District for the year 2000/2001. I see no reason why I should disturb the calculat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 ions.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4157099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 In the result an aggregate Shs. 10,526,000/}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14420994 =}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 is awarded as special damages. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 The plaintiff is also e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099 ntitled to costs of this suit. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 Interest on the damages and costs will be at 20% p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14420994 er annum from the date of this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 judgment until realization in full. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4157099 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052165\charrsid1057609 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4157099\charrsid8146100 P. K. 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