[2000] UGCA 7

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)}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6817589 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE COURT OF APPEALOF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \line CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.49 OF 1999. \line \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6817589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 CORAM: HON. MR. JUSTICE G. M. OKELLO, JA. \line HON. LADY JUSTICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6817589\charrsid6817589 , JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 . \line HON. MR. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA. \line }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 TWEHAMYE ABDU \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. APPELLANT \line \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6817589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 VERSUS \line \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6817589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 UGANDA \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. RESPONDENT \line [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 Appeal from a conviction and sentence of the High Court of Uganda at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 Mpigi }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 (The Hon. Lady Justice C. A. Okello Ag. J.) dated the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 24th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 day of April, 2000, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 Crim. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 Session Case No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6817589\charrsid4221618 203/97]}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 . \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid6817589 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1645546 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1645546 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 This appeal is against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 both conviction and sentence. The appellant Abdu Twehamye was convicted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4221618 of defilement c/s 123(1) Penal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4221618\charrsid4221618 Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 , by the High Court (C. A. Okello }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 J.) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4221618 at Kampala on 29/4/1999. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 He was sentenced to seven years imprisonment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 The background is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4221618 as follows. On 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid4221618\charrsid4221618 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4221618 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4221618\charrsid4221618 September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 1996, at Kitemu village, Mpigi District, at around mid-da}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 y, the victim, PW3, then aged 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 was taken to the appellant\rquote s house by the appellant\rquote s wife. (She did not testify.) The appellant was being employed as a shamba-boy by the victim \rquote s mother, Irene Kalibala, PW2. The appellant and his wife lived about 300 metres away, in the trading centre. After lunch, both the appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 t\rquote s wife and the victim took a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765\charrsid4221618 nap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 on her bed. After sometime the appellant\rquote s wife woke up to go, leaving the victim still asleep. When the wife had left, the appellant came into the room, found the victim asleep and had sexu al intercourse with her. The victim woke up and ran to her house where she informed the house girl about her ordeal. (The house girl did not testify). The victim\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765\charrsid4221618 mother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 was informed immediately on her return from work in the evening. On examining the victim\rquote s private parts, she found them bruised and the underwear wet with semen. The appellant in the meantime had escaped. A search was mounted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 and he was traced deep in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765\charrsid4221618 village}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 , by his brother Benon Zabasajja, PW4. He was charged with defilement. His de fence was that Irene Kalibala framed him up because she owed him money for his wages. The learned judge rejected the defence and convicted him as charged. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 The memorandum of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 appeal comprises two grounds: \par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 \'931. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 The learned Trial Judge erred in law and in fact in convicting the Appellant of the defilement without establishing that the onus of proof and the weight of collaboration evidence relied upon as supporting the th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 ird ingredient of the offence}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12475945 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12475945\charrsid4221618 interalia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 \'93that the Appellant was the person who had the unlawful sexual intercourse with the victim\'94 was unsustainable and/or undischarged to the standard required by law, a decision which caused a miscarriag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 e of justice to the Appellant; \par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 2. The Learned Trial Judge erred in law in sentencing the Appellant to 7 years imprisonment for defilement, a decision which was manifestly harsh and excessive, was so premised on a wrongful conviction, with due respect.\'94 \par Regarding Ground No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 1, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 Mr. Peter Nagemi appearing for the appellant, on a state brief, submitted that the conviction was unsustainable as the burden of proof had not been discharged. He pointed out that there was no direct evidence pointing to the appellant as the victim\rquote s assailant nor was her story corroborated. He stated that the judge relied on circumstantial evidence which he thought was unsafe. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 Ms. Damali Lwanga, Principal State Attorney, supported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765\charrsid4221618 both the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 conviction and sentence. She su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 bmitted that the learned judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid4221618 relied on the evidence of Irene Kalibala, Benon Zabasaija and Pc Ote who gave corr oborative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 evidence of PW3\rquote s testimony. The learned Principal State Attorney pointed out that the appellant\rquote s subsequent conduct and his alibi which was found to be all lies and a sham were all corroborativ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394765 e of the complainant\rquote s story. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 learned trial judge held thus: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 \'93In this regard, court has considered the evidence of the accused, that he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12394765\charrsid12394765 arrested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 from his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 home, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12394765\charrsid12394765 court rejects the accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 version of his arrest because of the \line overwhelmi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12394765\charrsid12394765 ng evidence of arrest given by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 PW2 and PW4, the latter being his brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12394765 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 \line Court finds tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12394765\charrsid12394765 t the accused was not arrested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 from his house but that of Bujereje where he \line was hiding f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12394765\charrsid12394765 rom his crime because he had a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 guilty conscious. Thus plus his defence of \line arrest in advance of the crime is conclusive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2913148 evidence of in culpabil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2913148\charrsid12394765 ity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 (sic) incapable of any explanation but guilt and so I treat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2913148 it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid12394765 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1645546 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2913148 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2913148\charrsid6817589 victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 reported the incident to her mother, Irene Kalibala immediately she returned from work in the evening. The mother found the private parts bruised and her underclothin g wet with semen. The victim named the appellant as her assailant. Furthermore the circumstances under which the appellant was traced by his own brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2913148 Benon Zabasajja locked inside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 somebody else\rquote s house at around 7p.m. and in the absence of the owner of the house was clearly indicative of an attempt to avoid arrest and affords a cogent presumption of guilt. His story in court that he was arrested from his own house at around 3p.m. because of a grudge with the victim\rquote s mother is a blatant lie and would also go to corroborate the complainant\rquote s story under the circumstances of this case. The evidence of the victim, her mother and the appellant\rquote s brother was closely knit, impeccable and pointed to the appellant\rquote s guilt without any doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 Mr. Nagemi challenge d the joint opinion of the assessors as being fatal to the conviction. He contended that each assessor should have given his own opinion in accordance with Section 81 Trial of Indictments Decree. We think and it is the practice that once both assessors ar e unanimous in their opinions, a joint opinion would suffice. It would be otherwise if they differed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 . Ground No. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 therefore fails. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1645546 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 Mr. Nagemi did not make any submissions on Ground No. 2 concerning the sentence. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1645546 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 We therefore dismiss the appeal. The conviction and sentence passed by the trial Court are upheld. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid742930 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 Dated at Kampala this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid742930\charrsid742930 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 day of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 May }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 2000. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 G. M. Okello \line Justice of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930\charrsid6817589 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10430175\charrsid10430175 A. E. N Mpagi-Bahigeine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10430175\charrsid10430175 \par Justice of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid10430175 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930\charrsid10430175 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid742930 S. G. Engwau \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10430175 Justice of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1047 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid84337\charrsid6817589 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1047\charrsid6817589 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 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