[2006] UGHC 86

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}{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;} \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid76447261}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid76447261\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid340286\rsid594795 \rsid1720297\rsid4069514\rsid4739979\rsid9136759\rsid12797670\rsid14966292\rsid16730991}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA } {\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo3\dy17\hr12\min4}{\revtim\yr2010\mo3\dy25\hr10\min2}{\version5}{\edmins18}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1264}{\nofchars6068}{\nofcharsws7318}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft. 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.}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid9136759 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9136759 IGH COURT OF UGANDA AT MBARARA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9136759 HCT-05-CR-SC-0004-2006 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9136759 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9136759 PROSECUTOR \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9136759 VS \par BYARUGABA TARASISIO \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85ACCUSED \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 TH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid4739979\charrsid4739979 E HON. MR. JUSTICE P K MUGAMBA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9136759 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4739979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Byarugaba Tarasis io is charged with murder, contrary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9136759 to sections 188 and 189 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Penal Code Act. Six witnesses were called by the pros}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9136759 ecution. Sitereo Bangirana was PW1, Kakuru Fabius }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 was PW2, D/C Muhumuza was P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9136759 W3, Byarugaba Silvano was PW4, }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 D/C Turyahikayo Erifazi was PW5 wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9136759 ile Dr. Ssendi Bwongi was PW6. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 In his defence accused gave a statement o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9136759 n oath. He denied involvement. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 The case for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid9136759 prosecution is that accused together with one Bakashaba visited a bar owned by the deceased for a drink at about 8.00 p.m. on th e night of 21st July 002. There they found the deceased, PW1, PW4 and several others. Thirty minutes later accused and Bakashaba left the bar carrying a bottle of Coca Cola of the size that contains }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid9136759 500 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid9136759 ml. The deceased did not want the two to take the bot tle, which belonged to him, out of the bar. It was being carried by accused. The deceased had proceeded outside following them. Soon after the two men threw the deceased onto the ground and accused hit him in the head with the bottle in issue. Report of w hat happened was made to the authorities. Deceased was eventually admitted to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Mbarara University Teaching Hospital. He died a couple of days afterwards. Accused was subsequently apprehended and charged wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9136759 th the murder of the deceased. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 The prosecution must prove all the ingredients of the offence beyond reasonable doubt. Where the charge is murder the following ingredients must be proved: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid594795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 that the deceased died, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 that the killing of t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 he deceased was unlawful, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iii.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 that there was malice aforethoug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 ht, and \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 iv.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 that accuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 d participated in the offence. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid594795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Evidence concerning the death of Mubangizi January was given by PW1, PW2 and PW4. There was also the evidence of PW6 who carried out the post mortem examination of the deceased\rquote s body. His report is E xhibit P.2. The defence itself did not contest the fact of Mubangizi January being dead. I am satisfied that this ingredient has been proved, by the prosec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 ution beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 The law presumes that the killing of any person is unlawful except where it results from an accident or is excusable by law. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid594795\charrsid594795 Gusambizi s/o Weson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid1720297\charrsid594795 ga vs R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 (1948) 15. EACA 63. There appears nothing on record to rebut this presumption. I find therefore that this ingredient also has been p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 roved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Mali ce aforethought is the intention on the part of the perpetrator to bring about the death of someone, whether that person is the one actually killed or not. In this case death resulted from neurogenic shock due to injuries to the brain from fractured tempo r al bones secondary to being assaulted. Malice aforethought can be gathered from surrounding circumstances such as the type of weapon used, the part of the body on which injury is inflicted, the number of injuries inflicted and the conduct of the assailant before and after the attack. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid1720297\charrsid594795 Tubere s/o Ochen vs R }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1720297\charrsid594795 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 1945) 12 EACA 63. In the instant case the post mortem report states that there was an assault to the deceased which resulted into his death. The injuries were on the head, which is a vulnerable part of the human }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 anatomy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Whoever assaulted the deceased had malice aforethought. This ingredient has been proved by the prosecut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 ion beyond reasonable doubt. \endash \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4739979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 PW1 and PW4 testified that they were at the scene and saw what transpired. According to PW 1 when the deceased followed Bakashaba and accused outside the bar in order to retrieve the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 Coca Cola} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 bottle Bakashaba had pulled the deceased and thrown him onto the ground. Bakashaba had proceeded to kick the deceased. As Bakashabe did the kicking accused held the d eceased. PW1 testified that he had seen accused hit the deceased with a bottle in .the head. He further stated that the deceased fell about one metre from the doorway to the bar. He said he had seen the altercation while he sat inside the bar in a posi tion where he could observe what went on since there was light coming from a lantern burning inside the bar. In his Police statement made on 26th July 2002 in the wake of the death of the deceased PW1 did not state who in particular struck the deceased wi t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 the bottle. His statement read, \lquote They assaulted him with an empty bott}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 le which hit him on the head\rquote . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 The evidence of PW4 was that he saw what went on that night outside the bar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 h}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 ile}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 he sat inside the bar near the doorway. It was his evidence the dec eased had fallen two steps from the doorway. He stated that no sooner had Bakashaba and accused gone through the doorway to the bar followed by the deceased than Bakashaba pulled the deceased to the ground. Accused had then struck the deceased in the head with the bottle. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 a statement made to Police on 15th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 Augus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 t 2002 however PW4 had stated: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li576\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin576\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid594795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 \lquote For us we remained inside the bar drinking. When we finished our beers, we decided to go to homes. As we reached outside the bar we couldn\rquote t see Mubangizi who had gone following the three p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 ersons to collect his bottle\rquote . \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid4739979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 That statement was acknowledged by the witness as one he made to Police soon after the death of Mubangizi. From the statement which is more contemporaneous to the occasion than the testimony in court, it emerges there was no sense of urgency when Mubangizi went outside which one would expect if anything unusual happened. Those in the bar continued taking their drinks. Afterwards they went outside but could not see the deceased. Had events been }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 way PW4 and PW1 related in court those in the bar would not have continued drinking while confusion reigned nearby and there would have been no disappearance of the deceased since he would have fallen nearby. Most probably the deceased traveled far from the b ar. PW3 testified that he visited the scene and saw the vomit and faeces of the deceased about 50 metres from the bar. It was his evidence he was taken to the scene by PW2. Interestingly in his evidence PW2 said the deceased was found at a distance of abo u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 t 4 metres from the bar. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 In his defence accused stated that he passed by the bar on the night in issue. He said he had retired early leaving Bakashaba at the bar. Further he said that he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 already}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 left the bar w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 hen the deceased was attacked. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 When an accused person sets up a defence of alibi he is under no duty to prove it. The prosecution has the onus to disprove it by adducing evidence which places the accused person s}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 quarely at the scene of crime. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 The two prosecution witnesses who said they were present at the scene of crime gave contradictory evidence which goes to the root of the prosecution case. They point to deliberate falsehood and cannot be ignored. Consequently I find the prosecution testimony of what transpired on the occasion worthless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 and reject it. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 The alibi of the accused person has not been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795 disproved by the prosecution. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 This ingredient of participation has not been proved by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt. \line The gentlemen assessors advised me to find accused not guilty of the charge. For the reasons I have given in the course of this judgment I agree with that opinion; I find }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid594795\charrsid4739979 accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1720297\charrsid4739979 not guilty and acquit him accordingly. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid594795 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid594795 \par \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid594795\charrsid11356881 P. K. Mugamba \par JUDGE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid594795 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1720297\charrsid594795 20th June 2006 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4739979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid340286\charrsid4739979 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7 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