[1990] UGHC 6

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\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot12867512\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}} {\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12867512 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 THE REPUBLIC}{ \b\ul\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 OF UGAN}{\b\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 DA \par }{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 IN TH HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT FORT PORTAL \par CRIMINAL SESSION CASE}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 NO.47/89 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12867512 {\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 UGANDA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::}{\b\insrsid7686690 ::::::}{ \b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ::::::::::PROSECUTOR \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi720\li2880\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid12867512 {\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 VERSUS \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12867512 {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft3960\shptop52\shpright4380\shpbottom1312\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 88}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dppolyline\dppolycount59\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx42\dppty2\dpptx82\dppty8\dpptx100\dppty13\dpptx117\dppty18\dpptx134\dppty24\dpptx149\dppty31 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\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat0\dplinew15\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{\b\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 A1}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 : BYARUHANGA WILLIAM \line }{\b\insrsid7686690 }{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 :::::::::::::::::::::ACCUSED \line A2: YOWERI MUGUME \par }{\b\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 BEFORE: THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE . I. MUKANZA \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12867512 {\b\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 JUDGMENT \line }{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12867512 {\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 The two accused persons. Byaruhanga William and Yoweri Mugume hereinafte}{ \insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 r}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 referred}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 to as A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and A2 respectively were indicted with others still}{ \insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 at large }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of Robbery contrary to sections 272 and }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 273 }{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 (2) of the Penal Code. }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 They pleaded not guilty. The particulars }{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 being that the accused persons }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and others sti}{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 ll at large on or about the 2}{ \super\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 nd}{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 day of May 1987 at Bukwali }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 village in Kabarole District robbed Mrs. A}{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 nna Mwangusha of his 2 radio cassettes} {\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 , Sanyu radio, 3}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 pairs of }{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 bed sheets, a coat, plates, dresses, trousers, pairs of }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ladies and mens sh}{\insrsid15344981\charrsid7686690 oes, children clothes and cash }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Shs. 30,000/= and immediately before or immediately after the}{\insrsid3290743\charrsid7686690 time of }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the}{\insrsid3290743\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 said robbery used a de}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 adly weapon to wit a panga on }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 the said Mrs. Anna Mwangushya. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 The prosecution in an }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 endeavour}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to prove its case called in aid the evidence of about five witnesses. }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 PW2 and PW3 were asleep in their house at night betwe}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 en 1.00 and 2.30 a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 m when they were invaded by robbers. P}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 W2 was in her room with a baby }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 whom she was breast feeding whereas PW}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 3 was in another room with two }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 young children belonging to PW2 and her hus}{ \insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 band PW1. Another girl Mbabazi }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was in another room. She was sick. It was the }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 prosecutions case that while }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 P}{ \insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 W}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 was in her bedroom she }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 was}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 surprised}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 when three men entered into her room.}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Because of the electric lig}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 ht which was on in her room she}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 recogn}{ \insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 ised two of the assailants as A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and A2. The first man to enter her room was the stranger who was armed}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 with a panga. He was followed by A1}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 whom she had known before and the latter was f}{\insrsid7686690 ollowed by A2 }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 a relative of PW1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the husband of PW2 and who prior to the incident he }{ \insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 A}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 had stayed in their home for abou}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 t five months. A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 & A2 were armed with }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 short thick sticks. The }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 panga}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 man cut her}{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 on the arm using the blunt side}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the panga. She never bled. The panga man demanded for money and directed }{\insrsid5374867\charrsid7686690 h}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 im to the ba}{\insrsid3882160\charrsid7686690 by cot where the panga man got 30,000}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 /}{\insrsid3882160\charrsid7686690 =}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Shillings.}{\insrsid3882160\charrsid7686690 Several}{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid3882160\charrsid7686690 properties}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 then collected from the various places in the room by A2 whom PW2 said knew the }{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 geography}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the house }{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 because}{ \insrsid7686690 he had lived }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 there before. The p}{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 roperties were passed over to A1. In the course of robbery A2 beat PW2 on the neck with a stick and saliva had to come out of her month also she was c}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ut}{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 on the}{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 shoulder with panga. She did n}{ \insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 ot }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 recognise }{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 the assaila}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nt who cut her.}{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 PW}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3 }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 who }{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 was in the room opposite to tha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t of }{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 PW2 was visited by two of th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e assailants. She was able to recog}{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 nise one of the assailants as A1 whom she had known before. A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was dressed in white shirt and black trousers. When robbers left PW3 went and reported } {\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 the incident to Nyakabwa DW3, A2 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and DW4. Meanwhile PW2 who was in a critical }{\insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 condition}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was }{ \insrsid8409658\charrsid7686690 rushed}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to Virika Hospital for treatment where she was admitted and was disc}{\insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 harged after four days. Both PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 and P}{ \insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 W}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3 were positive}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 that they recognised the accused persons. PW}{\insrsid7686690 3 recognised A1 and }{ \insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 }{\insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 recognized both A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 & A2. Because of the}{\insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 screams PW2 made some people cam}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e to her rescue and }{\insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 rushed}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 her to Hospital. According t}{\insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 o PW2 and PW3 it rained very heavil}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 y in that night as the robbery continued. PW3 was specifically }{\insrsid12850178\charrsid7686690 invited to go and keep the company with PW2 an the house }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 where}{ \insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 robberies took place because PWl the husband of PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 had gone to}{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 attend a wedding party of a co-}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 worker}{ \insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 and an accountant Mr. Kanaga. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 On the following morning}{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 , PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 1 visited PW2 in the Hospi}{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 tal where PW2 informed him (PW1) that h}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e had recognised }{\ul\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 A1}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and A2 }{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 as some of the people }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 who had robbed her in the previous night and injured her. PW1 visited }{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 the}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 scene and confirmed }{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 the robbery}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and }{ \insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 subsequently c}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 aused }{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 that}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 arr}{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 est of A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 & }{ \i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 A2. }{\i\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 PW4 was a driver of}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the }{\insrsid4945535\charrsid7686690 ministry of works. On the d}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ate of the }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 incident}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 he was at Ka}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 nago\rquote s place on wedding party (Kasiki). He had gone th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ere with a government vehicle to deliver goods and peop}{ \insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 le at he party. He knew both PW1 and A1 as co-}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 workers in the }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 ministry of Works and he was together}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 with them at the party. At }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 around 9.00pm}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 he drove the Government lorry back to the }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 Ministry of Works court yard}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and parked it there. He came with some }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 people}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 on the lorry when they left Kanago\rquote s place b}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 ut A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was not among the people he brought to Fort Portal}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 on the lorry. \par PW5 was at the wedding doing so}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 me wiring for the louder speake}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 rs at Kanago\rquote s place. He knew A1 as a co-w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 orker in the Ministry of }{ \insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 works and A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 also at the wedding party. He l}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 eft for home at around }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 6.30}{ \insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 pm}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to go and collect some wire\rquote s for the loud speakers. }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 As }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 he returned to the }{ \insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 party at Karamaga play ground he met }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 A2 going to Bukwali. A2 enqu}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 ired from PW5 whether PW1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 would}{ \insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 be returning home at Bukwali after the party}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 .}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 PW5 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 replied as they }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 would return at night. H}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 did not tell him the truth. }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 When he reached at the }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 wedding}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 party at Kanago\rquote s place he }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 started wiring the music system. He said he was with A1. Then A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was dressed in a }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 white}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 shirt & black }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 trouser boarded Mustafa\rquote s (PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 4\rquote s) vehicle around }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 9.30 }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 pm and left for lot Portal. Then }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 it }{\ul\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 started}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\ul\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 raining}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 up }{ \i\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to}{\i\ul\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 3.00a}{\i\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 m }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . A1 returned and}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 P}{ \insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 W}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 even talked to him. The former retu}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 rned having changed his attire. A1 w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 as}{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 putti}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ng }{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 o}{\ul\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 n}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 a black short }{\ul\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 sleeved}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Kau}{ \ul\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 nda}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Suit and black shoes. }{\insrsid287428\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 In his sworn statement A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 as (D}{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 W1) testified that he used to work \line }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 as a night watchman in the }{ \insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 Ministry of Works. He knew PW1 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 also knew PW2. On 1st May 1987 he}{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 attended the wedding party at Kanago\rquote s plac}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e}{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 . He was together with PW1. H}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 as}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 sisted very much in the activities of the par}{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 ty. He collected a cow }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 for the party }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 together}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 with PW1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and }{ \insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 also}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 participated in t}{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 he slaughter of the goat for the (Kasiki) w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 edding party and off}{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 lo}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 aded the beers for the party from a lorry. }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 He }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 stayed in the party till}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 the following morning. Mrs. Mwan}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 gusha PW2 had a }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 grudge against him because whenever P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W1 was wanted on duty he used }{\insrsid1402436\charrsid7686690 to go and call him. PW2 thought he was taking her husband to other women. He denied the allegation and put up an alibi.}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 \line A2 as DW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 testified that he stayed with A1 for about}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 five month}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 s }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 p}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 rior to }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 the incid}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ent a}{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 nd wen}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 to live, with DW3 a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nother relative of his. }{\insrsid14186088\charrsid7686690 We left PW1\rquote s home in February 1987. H}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e conceded that on 2/5/87}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 at }{\insrsid677582\charrsid7686690 around 8.00pm he m}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 et}{ \insrsid677582\charrsid7686690 PW5}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid677582\charrsid7686690 at the playground at Kara}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ma}{\insrsid677582\charrsid7686690 gi}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid677582\charrsid7686690 a}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 nd enquired fo}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 r the w}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 h}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ere}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 a}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 bo}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 u}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ts of}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 PW1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 H}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 explained}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 why he made the }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 enquiry. H}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 proceed}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ed home and joined Ny}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 aka}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 bwa}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 DW3}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 and famil}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 y, had their }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 supper and w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 n}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t to bed }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 at around}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 10.0}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 0pm. He shared the bed with DW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 4 Solomon Isaka }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 son}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of D}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 W}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3.}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 A}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 around}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 6.30am}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 PW}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 went and informed th}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 em that th}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ey h}{\insrsid4657134\charrsid7686690 ad been attack}{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 ed by rob}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ber}{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 s and it had been admitted in the Hospital}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 PW3 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 did not }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 inform}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 them whether had }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 recognised}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 any of the robbers.}{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 (A2) DW2 tog}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ether with}{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 DW3}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 ot}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 her}{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 went}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 to see PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 in }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 the}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 hospital. They talked}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t}{ \insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 o her PW2 did not reveal to them}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 the nam}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e}{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 s of the robbers who ha}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 attacked}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 them}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 in }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 the}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid478715\charrsid7686690 previous night.}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 They went}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 to Mwangushya \rquote }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 s }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 plac}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e and went and searched in the }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 surroundings for the stolen properties but never recovered anything.

\par He was }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 arrested at 2.0}{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 0pm }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 on 2/5/87,}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 like }{ \insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 A1 (DW1)}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 ha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d a }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 grudge}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 against him (DW2) because in January}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 19}{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 87 while still living with PW1 and PW2 one evening}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 when }{ \insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 he A2 and PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 1 }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 retuned home a man raised}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 out of }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 the}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 house }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 through the rear door and disappeared. PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 1 Who }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 infront of the house enquired from PW2 who the intruder was}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 \line }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 A2 confirmed that the rear door was ope}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 n}{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 suggesting that a man ha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d just ran out of the}{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 hous}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e. }{\i\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 PW1 w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 as very}{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 much}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 angered}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 by }{ \insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 what he had seen and a serious fight ensued between PW1 a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nd }{\insrsid12270456\charrsid7686690 PW2. PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 was seriously injured by }{ \insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 PW1. After the incident the relationsh}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 i}{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 p between A2 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 PW}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 1}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 was t its lowes}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t ebb. After the incident he left for}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 home}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 PW2 blamed her for the incident. \par PW2 and PW4 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 were }{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 positive that A2 spent the whole nig}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ht of }{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 2}{\super\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nd}{ \insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 May}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 19}{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 87 with them and never went out. They were only awakened by PW3 who reported the incident to them.}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 Dw3 went even to the extent of making some searches of the lost properties in the surroundings in A2\rquote s room after the latter\rquote s arrest but could not find any. He could not even trace any footsteps to his house since it had rained that night. \par DW5 was a police officer. He arrested A1 & A2 and recorded statement from both PW5 and PW2. He was using English when PW5 and PW2 were talking in Rutoro language. He did not have an interpreter but }{\insrsid14489707\charrsid7686690 because he was musamia he understood a bit of Rutoro but not much. According to DW5, PW2 was using deep Rutoro which he could not understand. He did not therefore record all the words that Alleruya }{\insrsid2691415\charrsid7686690 PW5 informed him. And he could n ot tell whether PW5 knew English. He did not include all information in their statements because of language barrier. He conceded however that he read the statements back to PW2 & PW5 and they were stratified that their statements were true and correct af ter which PW2 and PW5 signed them and he too countersigned the statements. Statements by PW2 and PW5 were tendered in evidence as exhibit D1 & D2 respectively after being identified by DW5.}{\insrsid11146114\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid2691415\charrsid7686690 The evidence connecting the accused persons with the charge that wa s preferred against both of them was partly direct and partly circumstancial. It is direct in the sense that both PW2 and PW3 testified that they recognised the assailants in the night of 2}{\super\insrsid2691415\charrsid7686690 nd}{ \insrsid2691415\charrsid7686690 May 1}{\insrsid3363583\charrsid7686690 987 among whom included A1 & A2. PW2 recognised both A1 & A 2wheras PW3 recognised A1. And the other evidence was circumstantial because PW5 Alleruya Robert testified that when he was at the wedding party with A1 the latter left him and others in the party and disappeared on about two occasions and later returned a nd that was in the very night when the incident happened. The same witness testified that when he was returning to the party after collecting the wires he met A2 who enquired from him whether PW1 would be returning home from the wedding. I would deal with the evidence of PW5 later in my judgment. The crucial issue here was identification of the accused persons whether there were}{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 conditions favorable for the prop}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 er }{ \insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 identification of the accused persons by both PW2 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 PW3. \par In }{\b\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 Roria .v. Republic EACA 1967 p.583}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 their Lordships justices}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 of}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 \line }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 Appeal}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 quoting with approval th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 decision in }{\b\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 Abdalla bin W}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 endo and}{\b\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 Anor 1953 20 EACA P.l66}{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 had thi}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 s to say} {\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 about identification:- \par \'93}{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 Subject}{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 to certain}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 tell known }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 exceptions it is tri}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 te}{ \insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 law}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11350888\charrsid7686690 that a fact may be proved by th}{\insrsid14158353\charrsid7686690 e testimony of a single witness bu}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t this rule does not }{\insrsid14158353\charrsid7686690 lessen the need for testing with}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the greates}{\insrsid14158353\charrsid7686690 t care th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e evidence of a }{ \insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 single witness respecting}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 identification }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 especially when }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 it }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 is known that the conditions favouring correct identification were}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 difficult}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . In suck ci}{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 rcumstances what is needed is oth}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 er evidence. }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 Whether it be circumstantial or }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d}{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 irect pointing}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to guilt fro}{ \insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 m which a judge o}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 r jury ca}{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 n reasona}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 bly }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 conclude that the evidence of identification}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 although based }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 on the testimony of a }{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 single witness can}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 safely be }{ \insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 accepted as free from possibility of }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 error.\'94}{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 \par In }{\b\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 Uganda .v. Omukono (1977) HCB P.63}{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 it as held}{\insrsid7155362\charrsid7686690 that the possible exceptional circumatances include factors such as;

\par }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 (a) That the accused persons were w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ell }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 known}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 to the identifying witness. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 (b) }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 That the witness immediately told the people who answered the alarm the names of the suspects. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 (c) }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 the existence of some form of light at the time of the alleged identification and where those circumatances exist they distinguish this case from those of Roria and Abdalla Obendo Supra. \par In the instant case A}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 as }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 recognised}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2187945\charrsid7686690 in the night }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 in question by PW2 alone. A1 }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 recognised}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 by }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 both PW2 and PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3. According to }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 PW2 & PW3}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 there was electric light on. The accused}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 persons were known to both PW2 and PW3 and that the incident took a long time. These were the possible exceptional circumstances which distinguish the case from that of the two cases referred to above in Roria and Abdalla\rquote s case. But there were other possible exceptions in Omukono\rquote s case supra and that was that both PW2 and PW3 did not inform the people who came to answer the alarm the names of the accused. \par According to Pw}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 she screamed}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 , and }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 made some kind of alarm and peopl}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{ \insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 answered to her alarm. PW2 testified tha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 she }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ne}{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 ver}{ \i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 recognis}{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 ed any of th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ose }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 people}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 who came to her assist}{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 ance. Even when DW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3 visited her at the }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 Hospital she did not mention the names}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of }{ \insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 the assailants. \par I}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 n her police}{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 statement recorded from}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 her on }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 4}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 /5/}{ \i\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 8}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 7 }{\insrsid4407849\charrsid7686690 and admitted in evidence as exhibit}{\insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 D1 she stated th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 at thre}{ \insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 e men entered h}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 er }{\insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 house on tha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t fateful ni}{\insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 gh}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t }{ \insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 among w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 hom }{\insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 she recognised only Byaruhanga (A1). The second man was short and had a stick whereas the third person had also stick. PW2 further stated in her police statement that she raised an alarm after their departure and two people responded to the alarm. She gave their names as John Serwadda and David Muziro. \par Similarly PW3 who went to report the incident to her father DW3, A2, & DW4 her brother never mentioned to those people that she had recognised A1 in the night of the incident. I do not see any reason why PW3 failed to inform her father DW3 and her b rother DW4 that he recognised A1. }{\insrsid11887813\charrsid7686690 After}{\insrsid3547975\charrsid7686690 all she never recognised A2 in the night in question whom she met at Dw3\rquote s house.}{\insrsid12942331\charrsid7686690 \par There}{\insrsid9253750\charrsid7686690 was still some contradictions a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nd or }{\insrsid9253750\charrsid7686690 inconsistencies}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 in the testimony of}{\insrsid9253750\charrsid7686690 PW}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 4}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 an}{\insrsid9253750\charrsid7686690 d PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 as to }{\insrsid9253750\charrsid7686690 whether A1 Byaruhang}{ \insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 a left on PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 4\rquote s vehicle when the}{\insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 latter left for Port Portal. PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 te}{\insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 s}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 tifi}{\insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 ed that he s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 aw board on the vehicle and }{\insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 PW4 testified tha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t }{ \insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 Byaruhanga did not board on his vehicle to Port Portal. I am}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the opinion those contradictions showed }{\insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 that}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 one of } {\insrsid14025969\charrsid7686690 these}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 witnesses}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 told this court}{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 lies. \par The po}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 lice statement of }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 formed part of the record li}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ked}{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 that o}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 f \line }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 PW2 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 identified by Og uttu w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ho }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 recorded the statemen}{\insrsid7686690 ts from those }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 2 witnesses. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 In }{\ul\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 Alfred Tajar}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 vs Uganda Criminal Appeal No. 167/1969 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 a decision }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 by defunct Eas}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 tern cour}{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 t of Appeal. It }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 had }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 this ton say about inconsistencies and}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 consistency i}{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 n the testimony of a witness:\emdash \par }\pard \s15\qj \li720\ri720\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11412885 {\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 \'93Of cour}{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 s}{ \i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e in a sen}{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 sing the evidence of a witness his }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 consistence or inconsi}{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 stency is a very relevant }{ \i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 consideration grave }{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 inconsistencies}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 , unless }{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 satisfactory }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 explained will usually but not necessarily result in the evidence of a witness }{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 being}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 rejected minor }{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 inconsistencies}{ \i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 will not usually have that effect unless the trial judge think they point to deliber}{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 ate untruthfulness. Moreover it }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 is upon the trial jud ge to find that a witness ha}{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 s been substantially truthful ev}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 en though he had lie}{\i\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 d in some particular respect.\rquote \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12867512 {\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 In the instant case PW2 told this court that she recognised A1 & A2 but in h}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 er police }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 statement she}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 stated that she recognised only A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . She further testified that when she made }{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 the}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 alarm after the robbers had lef}{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 t}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 she di}{\insrsid11412885\charrsid7686690 d not recognise any one who cam}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e to her assistance whereas in the }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 police}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 stat}{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 em}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 nt she said one David Muzi}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ra and }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 Serwada answered the alarm. I am}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the opinion that these }{ \insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 inconsistencies and or contradictions in the prosecution\lquote s case were major on}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 es and they point to }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 deliberate}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 } {\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 untruthfulness. The veracity}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the prosecution }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 Witnesses }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 i.e. PW2, PW3, P}{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 W}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 4 and }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ha}{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 s}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 been assailed. Those prosecution }{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 witnesses}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 have been found to be untruth}{\insrsid14903754\charrsid7686690 fu}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 l one way or the other and in the absence of reasonable explanation the remainder of their evidence could only be accepted with great caution. }{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Francis}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 }{ \ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 T}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 in}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 kahirwe}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 .}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 vs}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 . Uganda EACA App. No. 67/72}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 , quoted with a}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 pp}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 roval in Tom}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 a}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 si }{ \ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 O}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 m}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 u}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 k}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 o}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 n}{ \ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 o }{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Vincent}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 Tuken Cr. No. 4 of 1977 (CAU) R}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ep. Jud}{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 gments of}{ \ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\ul\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 the court of}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Appeal for Uganda 1978 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Vol. }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 page \par The two accused persons ga}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ve their own versions of the incident}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 testified }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 that}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 h}{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 e was at the party the whole tim}{\insrsid7686690 e and that }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 w}{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 2 was}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 trying}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to incriminate him simply because of the grudge and }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 A1 said that he remained at DW3\rquote s home througho ut after his encounter with PW5 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 at}{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 Karamag pla}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 y}{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 ground. He too testified that}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W2 had a }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 grudge}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 against him and brought two witness}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 es to }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 fortify}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 his}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 assertions. DW}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 impressed me}{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 as}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 an honest witness. That A2 stayed with them i.e. DW3 and DW4 the whole nigh}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t of the}{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 date}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 of the incid}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ent. Though it had rained }{\insrsid2056878\charrsid7686690 and DW}{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 4 said he slept throughout but the moment DW2 (A2) woke up in the following}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 morning he too DW4 also woke up. DW4 slept the whole night becaus}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 nothing disturbed him}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 I do not believe PW2\rquote s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 testimony}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 that after the robberies A}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 as}{ \insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 ked her whether she PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 had reco}{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 gnised her and that A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ap}{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 peared the }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 most kind of the }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 robbers. Where a robber or robbers are known to the victims they try as much as pos}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 sible to }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 disguise themselves so that they a}{\insrsid12783636\charrsid7686690 re not }{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 recognised by the victim and when they }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d}{\insrsid66038\charrsid7686690 o not do that sometime they }{ \insrsid11290931\charrsid7686690 end up kill}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 in}{\insrsid11290931\charrsid7686690 g }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 their victims for fear }{\insrsid11290931\charrsid7686690 that the victims would later}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12783636\charrsid7686690 identify the}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 m. }{\insrsid12783636\charrsid7686690 \par Moreover A1 & A2 put}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 up}{\insrsid12783636\charrsid7686690 an alibi as their defenc}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e. }{\insrsid12783636\charrsid7686690 It}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 is }{ \insrsid12783636\charrsid7686690 trite law tha}{\insrsid6189902\charrsid7686690 t an accused person who pu}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ts }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 up an alibi as a defence does not thereby }{\insrsid6189902\charrsid7686690 bear the}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 burden of }{\insrsid6189902\charrsid7686690 proving his defence. It is the duty of the prosecution}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 destroy}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 and or disprove the alibi by placing th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 accused persons (in this respect A1 & A2) to the scene of crime. S}{ \insrsid7686690 ee }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 Sekitoleko .vs. Uganda 1967 EA 531}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 .}{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 The prosecution has}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 failed to destroy the alibi simply }{ \insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 because}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 inconsistencies and contradictions}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 unexplained}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 episode in the prosecution case. This court also }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 had}{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid2059122\charrsid7686690 impression that the evide nce of the prosecution}{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 \rquote s case was }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 in }{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 a way a concocted one and }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 it }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 w}{ \insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 s}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 confined by th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 testimony}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of}{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 DW}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 a witness called by the defence. }{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 DW}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 }{ \insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 app}{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 arently supported the prosecution\rquote s}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 case th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 at in recording }{ \insrsid744779\charrsid7686690 statements from}{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 PW2 and PW5 he was using English whereas PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 and }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 PW}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 }{ \insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 were replying him in Rutoro. He w}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ent on to }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 testify that he did not \line understand complicated Rutoro and that he did not record all that PW}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 and PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 informed his and that he had no interpreter. In ess}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ence }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 DW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 }{\insrsid13571307\charrsid7686690 tried }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 to convince this court tha}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t what }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 PW}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 and }{\ul\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 PW}{\i\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 }{\insrsid14555852\charrsid7686690 to}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 ld this court was the only }{\insrsid13571307\charrsid7686690 truth becaus}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e he did}{\insrsid13571307\charrsid7686690 not}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid13571307\charrsid7686690 include all the in formation from}{\insrsid7686690 them }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 in their police statements. I}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t is }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 inconceivable that policemen of DW5}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 caliber}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 experience could have had those gu}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ts to come }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 and tell open lies to th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e co}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 urt. H}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e gave }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 the impression that h e was a blatant liar and as a witness he was useless\'85. The police statement from PW5 and DW2 the latter were replying him in English and therefore the first information. \par P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W2 and }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W5 gave to the }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 police}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was the correct version of the event }{ \insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the }{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 subsequent}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 testimonies of }{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 PW5 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and PW2 in the court here were an afterthought and fabric}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 ation since I have found that P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W2 and }{\i\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 PW}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5 }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 told lie}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 s. I have grea}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t doubt}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 s whether PW2 identified both A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 & A2}{ \insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 in her room}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 . Also PW5\rquote s evidence that A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 left the party and went to Bukwali to}{ \insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 commit the c}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 rime is also untrue and I do not think that because A2 enquired from }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 PW5}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 whether PW1 would r}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 eturning home in the night aft}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 e}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 r th}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 e party}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 that a}{\insrsid12391048\charrsid7686690 lone was not enough evidence to }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 suggest that A2 made}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 the }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 inquiries because he wanted t}{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 o go and rob PW1 in his home}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 when the latter was away. I found both PW2 and PW5 not credible witnesses And before drawing an inference o}{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 f the accused guilt from circumstantial }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 evidence}{ \insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 as given by }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W5 the court has to be sure that there a no }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 other}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 existing circumstances which would weaken or destroy the inference. }{\ul\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 Taper VR 1952 AC 80 at p.}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 489. }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 See also Yowan}{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Serwada vs }{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Uganda}{\ul\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 Cr. App. No.. 11 of 1977 (U}{\ul\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 CA). }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 In the instant case}{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 the circumstantial evidence di}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d not }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 irresistibly point}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 to the guilt of the accused }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 persons}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 Ther}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e}{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 were other existing circumstances which would weaken or destroy the }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 inference}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 that the accused pers}{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 ons never committed the }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 robberies. \par After the evidence of PW2}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 and }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 PW5}{\insrsid7686690 been discredited the evidence }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 by }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 PW3}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 as stated above was no}{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 t enough to connect A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 with the commission of the crime since I have held that }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 never reported to her father that she had recognised A1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 only said so long after when the s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 tatement }{\insrsid15553591\charrsid7686690 was being }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 recorded from her and since I held the view that }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 PW2\rquote s}{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 evidence }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 plus}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 that of }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 was concocted, PW3 was }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 associated with PW2 and was, under the influence of P}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 W.2. I cannot accept her t}{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 estimony as being the truth. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 There was one }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 other}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 matter which was raised by}{\insrsid7686690 the learned }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 State Attorney. In}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 his submission the }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 learned state attorney was of}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the view that the statements by P}{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 W}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 2 and }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 PW}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 5}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 which were }{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 tendered in cour t as exhibit PW1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 and D}{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 W2 respecti}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 vely were inadmissible. I do no}{\insrsid10166413\charrsid7686690 t agree with the learned counsel}{ \insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 . \par Under section}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 153 }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 of the Evid}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ence }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 A}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ct Cap }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 4}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 3}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 , }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 the c}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 redit }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 of witnesses as may be impeach}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ed by t}{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 he ad}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 verse }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 pa}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 rty or }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 with}{\b\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 the consen}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t of t}{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 he court by the party who calls him. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 (a) }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par (b}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ) }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 (c) }{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 By}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 p}{\insrsid2456811\charrsid7686690 roof}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 of former statem}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ents inconsistent with any part }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 of his evidence wh}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ic}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 h}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 is liable to; be c}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 ontradi}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ct}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 ed. \par }{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 Under}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ection 15}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 5 of the sam}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{ \insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 A}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ct in order }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 to corroborate}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 the testimony of a witness any }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 former}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 statement made by such witness}{\insrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 relating to the same fac}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t or }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 about the time when the fact took pla}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ce or }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 beyond an}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 y authority }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 legally}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 competent to investigate that }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 fact}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 may be pr}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 oved. \par }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 In th}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 e instant case it was in order when PW2 a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nd }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 PW5 were cross exam}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ined by the le }{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 arne}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d cou}{\insrsid7029189\charrsid7686690 nsel appearing for the accused o}{\insrsid6820618\charrsid7686690 n the previous statements they made at the police in order to impeach the ir credit in order to prove that what th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ey were tellin}{\insrsid6820618\charrsid7686690 g the court was not an afterthought}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 . }{\insrsid6820618\charrsid7686690 Therefore the statemen t exhibits D1}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 & D2 }{\insrsid6820618\charrsid7686690 recorded both PW2 and PW5 respectively}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 from th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ere }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 were admissi}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ble }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 after}{\insrsid7686690 }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 being identified a}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 n}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 d p}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 roved by}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 DW5 re}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 corded t}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 h}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ame fr}{ \insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 om a bo}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 th}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 PW2 and PW5.}{\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\i\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 \par }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 Fi}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 nally since the accused were }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 indicted}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 together the}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 prosecution had to prove tha}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 t the}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 two}{\b\i\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 had a comm}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 on}{\insrsid7686690 intention to prosecute an }{ \insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 unla}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 wful purpose in }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 conjunction with one another as per}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 section 22 of the }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 Pen al Code. I do not see the common intention here becau}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 se the pro}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 secution failed to place the accused at the scene of crime because of th}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{ \insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 inconsistencies}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 in }{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 it}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 s}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 C}{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 a}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 se. }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7686690 {\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 The sole gentlemen assessor advised me to find}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 the accu}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 sed }{\insrsid3868302\charrsid7686690 guilty}{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 and co}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 n}{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 v}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 ict them as }{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 indicted. With respect he di}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 d not address himself to the contradictions i}{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 n the prosecution\rquote s cas}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 e }{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 and}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 whether the prosecution}{\insrsid12913166\charrsid7686690 \rquote s}{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 }{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 w}{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 itnesses were truthful. I disagree with the gentlemen assessor. I find that the prosecution failed to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt and of the versions of the events of the incident the defence case was preferable to that of the prosecution. I therefore find the accused}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 }{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 persons}{ \insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 not }{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 guilty}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 of the offence of }{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 Aggravated}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 Robbery contrary to section 272 and 273 (2) of the Penal Code and I acquit the}{\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 m of the charge and unless they}{\insrsid12867512\charrsid7686690 are being held for any other lawful charg e. I order for their immediate release. \par }\pard \s15\qj \li6480\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6480\itap0\pararsid7686690 {\b\insrsid7686690\charrsid7686690 I. MUKANZA \par JUDGE \par 16/8/90 \par }}