[2011] UGHC 72

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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9727456 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT KAMPALA \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 ANTI CORRUPTION DIVISION \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10705187\charrsid12915164 CR. CS 37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 OF 2010 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 UGANDA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PROSECUTOR \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 VERSUS \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10705187\charrsid12915164 FRANCIS ATUGONZA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 :::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10705187\charrsid12915164 :::::::::::::}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ACCUSED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 BEFORE:\tab HON. JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15498573 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15498573\charrsid12915164 J U D G M E N T \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10821051\charrsid12915164 Francis Atugonza is charged with Abuse of Office, contrary to section 11(1) of the Anti Corruption Act. To prove its case the prosecution called eleven witnesses. PW1 was Kironde Collin Martin, PW2 was Kii za Kenneth Alfred, PW3 was Geoffrey Muhumuza, PW4 was Asiimwe Edward, PW5 was Kiracho Patrick, PW6 was Kinimi Charles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 , PW7 was Detective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 orporal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 Apaga Charles, PW8 was D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 etective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 oman }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 ora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 l Birungi Mary, PW9 was Sam Byarugaba, PW10 was Babirye Aida, while D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 /Sgt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 Wafula Anthony testified as PW11. \par \par In his defence accused elected to keep quiet. There was no witness for the defence. \par Section 11(1) of the Anti Corruption Act states: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 \'93 A person who, being employed in a public body or a company in which Government has shares, does or directs to be done }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 an arbitrary act prejudicial to the interests of his or her employer or of any other person, in abuse of the authority of his or her o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 ffice, commits an offence and is}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment not exceeding seven years or a fine not exceeding one hundred and sixty eight currency points or both\'94. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 \par The particulars of the charge are laid out in the amended indictment and read as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 \'93Francis Atugonza between December 2007 and December 2008 in Hoima Town Council in Hoima District while serving as Chairman L. C. III (Mayor) of the said Hoima Town Council did an arbitrary act in abuse of the authority of his office and to the prejudice of Hoima Town Council to wit he ille gally sold an unsurveyed piece of land on Rwentuha Road in the said Hoima Town Council, the ownership of which is vested in Hoima District Land Board\'94. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2192635\charrsid12915164 I should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 point out that before the amendment to the charge the land was stated to be the property of Hoima Town Council. It was at the close of the prosecution case the state sought to amend the charge and went ahead to amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 after leave to do so was granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 . \par \par The prosecution case is that accused was L. C. III Chairman (Mayor) of Hoima Town Council at the material time. It is the prosecution case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9598550\charrsid12915164 also that accused purported to sell an unsurveyed piece of land at Rwentuha Road within Hoima Town Council to Warid Telecom (U) Ltd for Shs. 60,000,000= following a sub lease agreement made between accused and the sai d Warid Telecom (U) Ltd. The state alleges that to prove ownership of the land accused used three dubious documents. The first was a forged lease offer dated 1/9/2007 bearing the names Francis Atugonza. The second was an alleged certification letter dated 8/1/2008 addressed to the Operations Manager of Warid T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8409874\charrsid12915164 elecom (U) Ltd by Apaga Charles, L. C. I Chairman, Police Cell, Hoima Town Council. The third was a letter dated 4/1/2008 headed \'93To whom it may concern\'94 signed by the acting Town Clerk Hoima Town Counc il, namely Kinimi Charles, purporting to show that the land in issue belonged to accused. Some Shs. 48,000,000= was eventually paid to accused and work to construct the mast went ahead to completion. Following public complains accused was arrested and cha rged. \par \par The burden is on the prosecution to prove the charge against the accused person beyond reasonable doubt. The following ingredients of the offence must be proved: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8409874\charrsid12915164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sl480\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid10705187\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8409874\charrsid12915164 That accused was employed in a public body or a company in which the Government has shares, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8409874\charrsid12915164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}That accused did or directed to be done an arbitrary act, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8409874\charrsid12915164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}That the act was done in abuse of the authority of his office, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8409874\charrsid12915164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}That the arbitrary act was prejudicial to the interests of his or her employer or any other person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705187 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 Regarding the employment status of accused, it was prosecution evidence he was Chairman L. C. III (Mayor) Hoima Town Council at the time material to the charge. PW2, PW3, PW4 and PW6 gave evidence to this effect. This evidence was not challenged by the defence. A Town Council is a local government. Section 3(5) of the Local Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2192635\charrsid12915164 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 Act provides that the Town Council is the local government in a town. A public body according to the definition in section 1(a) of the Anti Corruption Act inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 ludes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12919691\charrsid12915164 government, any department}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 , services or undertaking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 of the Government. Suffice it to say that it is not disputed that by virtue of the office he held accused f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 ell within the parameters of tho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 se persons affected by section 11(1) of the Anti corruption Act. \par \par The prosecution must prove whether accused did or directed to be done an arbitrary act. According to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 Oxford Advanced Learner\rquote s Dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 , 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2192635\charrsid12915164 edition \'93arbitrary\'94 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 s an acti on, decision or rule not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair. The other meaning in the definition relates to using power without restriction and without considering other people}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845875\charrsid12915164 . It is reliance on individ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 ual discretion rather than goin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2845875\charrsid12915164 g by fixed rules, procedures or law. The prosecution case is that accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2905109\charrsid12915164 sold an unsurveyed piece of land on Rwentuha Road, within Hoima Town Council when the land did not belong to him. To support the charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 exhibit P6, a letter originating from}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2905109\charrsid12915164 the office of the Town Clerk, Hoima Town Council, stating that accused was the owner of the land in issue was proffered in evidence. Also proffered was a letter originating from the L. C. I Police Cell, Hoima Town Council stating that the land i n question belonged to accused. That letter is exhibit P7. Another of the documents tendered in evidence by the prosecution is exhibit P5 said to be a Deed of Lea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 se between accused as sub-lessor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2905109\charrsid12915164 on one hand and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13526753\charrsid12915164 Warid Tel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 ecom Uganda Limited as sub-lessee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13526753\charrsid12915164 on the other. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1773412\charrsid12915164 A purported lease offer from Hoima District Land Board said to have been signed by the Board Secretary was mentioned also. Documents were referred to by the prosecution in court pertai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 ning to the said of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386311\charrsid12915164 fer and contesting its authenticity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 . Surprisingly none of tho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1773412\charrsid12915164 se documents were tendered in evidence as exhibits by the prosecution. Prosecution led evidence to show that exhibit P6 was secured from the Town Cle}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 rk, Hoima Town Council, on the strength }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1773412\charrsid12915164 of a lease offer accused presented to PW6, who at the time acted as Town Clerk. The evidence of PW8 was that she signed the document }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7942837\charrsid12915164 exhibit P7 after it was presented to her by accused but after she had visited the land in question. Further evidence revealed that Warid Telecom Uganda Limited were in a position to enter into a lease relationship with accused after they were shown documents showing accused was owner of the land. The deed signed between accused and Warid Telecom Uganda Limited was signed by accused as the owner of the land and Warid Telec om Uganda Limited. Witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 to the signature of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 accused was someone who signed o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10697899\charrsid12915164 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 half of the Chairman L. C. III, Hoima. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4412987\charrsid12915164 Someone presumably an Advocate from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 Katende, Ssempebwa and Company}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9527588\charrsid12915164 Advocates witnessed the signature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 on behalf of Warid Telecom U ganda Limited. It was contended by the prosecution that the transaction between accused and Warid Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9527588\charrsid12915164 lecom Uganda Limited flou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 ted established procedures for land acquisition in the Town Council which required Tow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9527588\charrsid12915164 n Council authorities to sanction any develop ments in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7108414\charrsid12915164 the Town Council in order to ensure proper planning of land use. It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3618131\charrsid12915164 was further contended that as Chairperson L. C. III accused fell short of his obligations under S. 24 of the Local Governments Act where as political head he should on behalf of th e Council oversee the performance of persons employed by the Government to provide services in the Council\rquote s area of jurisdiction and to monitor the provision of Government services or implementation of projects in the area under the Council \rquote s jurisdiction. In additio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 n as Chairperson he had to abide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3618131\charrsid12915164 by, uphold and safeguard the Constitution, district laws, council bylaws and other laws of Uganda as well as to endeavo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11277424\charrsid12915164 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3618131\charrsid12915164 r to promote the welfare of the citizens in the council\rquote s area of jurisdiction. The defence on the other hand contended that the prosecution did not prove that accused forged the contested lease offer document or that he committed the offence of uttering a false document. Further the defence contended that there is a distinction between forgery and acting arbitrarily.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 Defence added}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 that there was no way accuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 d acted arbitrarily in the circumstances, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 since he had done what he did as an individual and not as a public officer, as alleged by the prosecution. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 In the cours}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 e of this judgment I have re lated to the way it is generally understood when a person acts arbitrarily. I have also gone through the evidence on record to check on likely aspects of arbitrariness on the part of the accused. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 Kassim Mpanga Vs Uganda SCCA No. 30 of 1994 reported in [1995] KALR 55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 , accused in spi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 te of knowledge of set conditions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 went ahead and acted in br}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11297920\charrsid12915164 each of the specific conditions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11297920\charrsid12915164 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 was held to have known that what he was doing was wrong. The act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9528006\charrsid12915164 was held to be arbitrary. In the instant case certainly there was no evidence given that accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 took any decision, ordered the doing of any act or stopped the taking of any action, by virtue of his office. There is no evidence of him using his office. Perhaps the only tell-tale is the stamp of office of the Chairperson L. C. III, Hoima Town Council appearing on the sub-lease Deed. But that stamp is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 placed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 against the name of someone else, not the accused\rquote s name. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 Accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 acted as an individual but not in his official capacity. The fact that he happened also to be Chairperson L. C. III did not feature anywhere in the impugned transaction. \par \par Next I have to consider whether the act done by accused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 as done in abuse of the aut hority of his office. One definition of abuse is that it is a departure from legal or reasonable use in dealing with a person or thing. It is to misuse. That is the definition in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 Black\rquote s Law Dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 , 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 . The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 Oxford Advanced Learner\rquote s Dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 , 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 edition defines abuse in this context as to use power or knowledge unfairly or wrongly. This court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917428\charrsid12915164 has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 held that an essential ingredient of the offence of abuse of office is that the facts complained o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 f should be prejudicial to the rights of another and a right is an interest recognized and protected by law respect for which is a duty and disregard of which is a wrong. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 Igna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 us Barungi Vs Uganda [1988 \endash 1990] HCB 68}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 . Per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 haps of persuasion is the offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 isconduct in Public Office in the United Kingdom. In essence it relates to abuse of the power or responsibilities of the office held. It is a common law offence where in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 R Vs Dytham [1979] IQB 722}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 at page 723 Lord Widgery talked of \'93a public officer who has an obligation to perform a duty\'94. It was held in the same case that the fact that a public officer has acted in a way that is in breach of his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 or her duties, or which might}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 expose him/her to disciplinary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10559840\charrsid12915164 proceedings, is not in itself enough to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 the offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10559840\charrsid12915164 . The prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 referred to S. 24 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10559840\charrsid12915164 of the Local Governments Act in relation to breach. They should have mentioned what exact breach the accused committed in his official capacity which gives birth to abuse of office. I find none. Abuse of office is an act or omission done in an official capacity which affects the performance of official duties. In the United States misconduct in public office is said to occur where in the capacity as a public office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10559840\charrsid12915164 the officer does an act that he knows exceeds his lawful authority or tha t he knows is forbidden by law to do in an official capacity. What is more, at a minimum an indictment for official misconduct must allege facts that would show }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 e public official violated an identifiable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 statute, rule, or regulation and demonstrate how t he public officer exceeded his lawful authority. All this is intended to show that a person should not be held criminally responsible for conduct which he could not reasonably understand to be prescribed. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 States Vs Harris 347 U. S. 612 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 1954}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 . Is this not the essence of Article 28(12) of the Constitution? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 Recourse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 to S. 24 of the Local Governments Act to justify the ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 arge of Abuse of Office is in m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 y opinion like clutching}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11079165\charrsid12915164 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 a straw. I find no evidence of abuse at any rate. This ingredient of the offence is not proved either. \par \par Finally the prosecution must prove that the arbitrary act was prejudicial to the interests of accused\rquote s employer or any other person. Something is prejudicial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8861704\charrsid12915164 in the context of this case if it has a harmful effect on someth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 ing or if it is likely to harm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8861704\charrsid12915164 . It is the prosecution case that the transaction between accused and Warid Tel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7765068\charrsid12915164 ecom Uganda Limited was detrimental}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8861704\charrsid12915164 to the interests of Hoima Town Council. Warid had gone ahead and erected a communication mast without the necess ary approval of the Town Council. It was urged by the prosecution that before Hoima District Land Board allocates land it liaises with technical people to ensure planned land use. The lease between accused and Warid T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8652208\charrsid12915164 elecom Uganda Limited put a sto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8861704\charrsid12915164 p to pla nned developments on the land and consequently it was an act prejudicial to the interests of Hoima Town Council. Needless to say Hoima District Land Board are the owners of the land but the Town Council is said to be responsible }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11492158\charrsid12915164 for development plans of la nd in the Town Council. The earlier indictment described the land in issue as belonging to Hoima Town Council, but following an amendment it was described as belonging to Hoima District Land Board. The defence argued that the prosecution should have shown evidence that the area in issue was a planned area. They added that in the absence of an enabling leg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8652208\charrsid12915164 islation the Hoima Town Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11492158\charrsid12915164 Detailed Plan of 2008 alluded to by the prosecution is meaningless and Rwentuha Close as planned is non-existent. It was th eir argument that in the absence of a specific law accused could not be held responsible for breach to the prejudice of anyone, let alone his employer. \par \par I have considered the evidence of the prosecution in this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9963603\charrsid12915164 matter with regard to anyone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11492158\charrsid12915164 being prejudiced. No evidence was led to this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9963603\charrsid12915164 effect. It is the duty of the prosecution to prove this case beyond reasonable doubt but apart from technical claims on the part of a couple of witnesses no evidence of prejudice to anyone was adduced. What is more, no evidence of prejudice attached to accused. I would find the allegation not proved. \par \par In their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8652208\charrsid12915164 joint }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9963603\charrsid12915164 opinion the two assessors advised me to find accused guilty and convict him. For the reasons I have given in the course of this judgment I respectfully disagree with their verdict. I find accused not guilty of the charge and acquit him accordingly.

\par \par Just an observation before I take leave of this case. This verdict which has just been delivered relates to a criminal accusation borne out of an apprehended infraction. For best results it would be better to look at the option of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10633134\charrsid12915164 civil litigation before embarking on an indictment of uncertain extent. \par \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10705187\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10633134\charrsid12915164 P. K. MUGAMBA \par JUDGE \par 10/06/2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9963603\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11492158\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1522560\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11562430\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7947153\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4461811\charrsid12915164 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9528006\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7029993\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1773412\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2905109\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11039514\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9897866\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3436470\charrsid12915164 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10705187 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10821051\charrsid12915164 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10775850\charrsid12915164 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a 9cb2400825e982c78ec7a27cc0c8992416c9d8b2a755fbf74cd25442a820166c2cd933f79e3be372bd1f07b5c3989ca74aaff2422b24eb1b475da5df374fd9ad 5689811a183c61a50f98f4babebc2837878049899a52a57be670674cb23d8e90721f90a4d2fa3802cb35762680fd800ecd7551dc18eb899138e3c943d7e503b6 b01d583deee5f99824e290b4ba3f364eac4a430883b3c092d4eca8f946c916422ecab927f52ea42b89a1cd59c254f919b0e85e6535d135a8de20f20b8c12c3b0 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