[2004] UGHC 5

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\li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid10514115 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s18\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10514115 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT LIRA \par }\pard\plain \s1\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 CRIMINAL SESSION CASE No. 0089 OF 2003 \par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10514115 \par }{\insrsid10514115 UNGADA ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PROSECUTOR \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 -VERSUS- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 GEOFFREY KASULE ONGUNE::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ACCUSED \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par }{\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 BEFORE:\tab }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 HON LADY JUSTICE MARY I. D. E. MAITUM}{\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 \par }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 J U D G M E N T:}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10514115 The accused was indicted for Murder contrary to section 183 and 184 of the Penal Code Act. It was stated that the accused on or about the 26/8/2001 at Angwalo village, Adwari Sub-county Otuke County unlawfully killed Awio David with malice aforethought.

\par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10514115 \par }{\fs28\insrsid10514115 The accused denied committing the offence. \par \par Briefly the facts are that on 26/8/2001 the body of David Awio was found by his wife on the road. She informed the people with whom she had been drinking. They took her to the sub-county headquarters as a suspect. \par \par In the morning there was information that the accused had gone to the home of Ocan Patrick requiring him to give him shs.5,000/= to go to Lira. He told Ocan that he had hit the deceased on the head and thought he might be dead. Ocan had no money so the accused spent the night and left early in the morning. \par \par The accused testified that he was in Loro on the night in question thereby raising an alibi. He stated that he had left for Loro on 23}{\fs28\super\insrsid10514115 rd}{\fs28\insrsid10514115 August 2001. \par \par The prosecution called upon seven witnesses plus the post mortem report which was agreed to by both counsels, to be admitted in evidence. \par \par The burden of proof of the guilt of the accused is in almost all cases on the prosecution. It does not shift to the defence unless there is a statutory provision: }{\b\fs28\insrsid10514115 Woolmington Vs DPP [1935] Ac 362 and Lubogo Vs Uganda [1967] EA 440}{\fs28\insrsid10514115 . \par \par There are four essential ingredients in the offence of Murder which the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt.}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par \par These are: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-390\li390\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx390\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin390\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 Death of human being. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The death was unlawfully caused. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Malice aforethought. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}Participation of the accused in causing death. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par Concerning the first ingredient the post mortem report revealed that David Awio died of a fractured neck caused by a blow o r blows from a club found near the body. PW2, 3 and 4 and others confirmed that the deceased was dead and later buried. Death has therefore been proved. \par \par The second ingredient to be proved is that death had been caused unlawfully. \par \par Every homicide is deemed to be unlawful unless legally justified: }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 R Vs Tubere s/o Ochen [1945] EACA.}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 David Awio\rquote s death was not legally sanctioned. \par On the presence of malice aforethought, which is a mental element or state, this can be inferred from; the \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-390\li390\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx390\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin390\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 Injuries sustained. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}Parts of the body affected. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Weapon used. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\fs32 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}Conduct of the accused before or/and after the offence. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par In the instant case post mortem examination revealed a fractured neck and a probable damage to the brain and spine. The neck is a vulnerable part of the bo dy which bridges the brain and all other vital organs to the body. A blow to the neck resulting in a fracture is certain to result in death. \par \par Malice aforethought is defined as an intention to kill or knowledge that the act indulged in would probably cause the death of some person. The blow inflicted on this deceased person was therefore accompanied by malice aforethought. \par \par The last ingredient of murder to be proved is the participation of the accused in the murder. \par \par Defence counsel conceded that the first three ingredients had been proved, beyond reasonable doubt, by prosecution. He challenged that the participation of the accused had not been sufficiently proved. \par \par During the trial, PW4, Ocen Patrick testified that the accused had gone to his home at abo ut midnight. He stated that the accused asked him to give him shs.5,000/= and that the accused wanted to leave his bicycle as a pledge to him. PW4 testified that he told the accused that he had no money. The accused further told PW4 that he had hit the deceased with a stick and the latter had fallen on the road and that the deceased might be dead. The accused said he wanted to go to Lira. Next morning the accused rode his bicycle at 5.00a.m and left PW4\rquote s home. \par \par PW2 also testified that when he and his police colleagues went to the scene of crime PW4 told them about what the accused told him about the deceased. PW6 also testified that PW4 reported to him what accused said about hitting the deceased. \par \par PW7 testified that he was the clan leader of the accused\rquote s and the deceased\rquote s clan and that he had received a letter addressed to him. The letter was to inform him that the accused and his brothers whose names had been stated in the letter would beat the deceased to death if he sold land he was intending to sell. The letter was not signed. \par \par The letter was not challenged or objected to by the accused or his counsel during the trial. It was exhibited as P.2. PW6 testified that the letter was read in his presence by PW7. PW5 stated that when the wife of t he accused was asked where her husband was, she told them that he had not spent the night of the 26}{\fs32\super\insrsid10514115 th}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 /8/2001 at home. \par As mentioned above, the accused gave an alibi which he has no obligation to prove but which must be disapproved by the prosecution if the fourth ingredient is to be taken as proved beyond reasonable doubt: }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 Aniseth Vs R [1963] EA 266}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 . DW2 the wife of the accused also testified that the accused left home on 23/8/2001 to go to Loro. \par \par However, since DW2 admitted to have sat in court and heard all the evidence of the prosecution and that of the accused, court has discarded her testimony. \par \par From the testimonies of PW4, 5, and 6, the prosecution has disproved the alibi of the accused. PW4 reported the information which the accused had given him about his hitting the deceased the very next morning . He also reported to the people gathered at the scene where the body was found, PW4 revealed to the sub-county chief and the LC1 what the accused told him. \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 PW8 testified that the clan leader of the a ccused informed persons at scene that he had been present at a meeting in which the accused and his brothers had planned to kill the deceased. That suggests that the letter addressed to PW7 was a confirmation of what had transpired in the meeting.

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 The a ssessors advised court to find the accused guilty as charged as the prosecution had proved the participation of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. \par \par After weighing the evidence for the prosecution and defence and hearing counsel\rquote s submissions, I find, in conformity with the assessors, that the case against the accused had been proved beyond reasonable doubt. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par I find the accused guilty of the murder of David Awio contrary to section 183 and 184 of the Penal Code Act and convict him accordingly. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 MARY I. D. E. MAITUM, \par }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 J U D G E \par }{\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 29/1/2004}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 SENTENCE}{\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 :- \par }{\fs28\insrsid10514115 Since there is no other punishment for the offence of Murder other than a sentence of death, I sentence Geoffrey Kasule Ongune to death in a manner prescribed by law. \par \par The accused has a right to appeal against conviction and sentence. \par \par May God have mercy on his soul. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par \par \par MARY I. D. E. MAITUM, \par }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 J U D G E \par }{\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 29/1/2004}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs28\insrsid10514115 \par }{\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10514115 \par \par \par \par \par Mr Alule - State Attorney. \par Mr Ogeng for the accused. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 Judgment read in open court. \par Right of appeal explained. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par \par MARY I. D. E. MAITUM, \par }{\b\fs32\ul\insrsid10514115 J U D G E \par }{\b\fs32\insrsid10514115 29/1/2004}{\fs32\insrsid10514115 . \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs32\insrsid10514115 \par }}