[2015] UGHCCRD 10

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid483149\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT GULU \par HCT \endash 02 \endash CR \endash SC \endash 0252 OF 2012 \par UGANDA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::PROSECUTOR \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 VERSUS \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 KOMAKECH GEORGE \tab A1

\par OCAYA MICHAEL\tab \tab A2 \par OTEMA PATRICK\tab \tab A3 \par OLONI DEE \tab \tab \tab A4 \par APIRE JALON \tab \tab \tab A5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4020296\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 \par OBOTE MILTON }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid334492\charrsid12600396 OKOKE A6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid334492\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4211758\charrsid12600396 JUDGMENT OF HON. LADY JUSTICE MARGARET MUTONYI \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid334492\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9979567\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9979567\charrsid12600396 Komakech George hereinafter referred to as A1, Ocaya Michael A2, Otema Patrick A3, Oloni Dee A4, Apire Jalon A5 and Obote Milton Okoke A6 where indicted with murder c/s 188 and 189 of the Penal Code Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5337842\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9979567\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9979567\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9979567\charrsid12600396 The particulars of the offence were that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7370049\charrsid12600396 6 accused and others still at large on the 25/6/2012 at Palenga Trading Centre, Gulu District}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14052205\charrsid12600396 murdered Kakanyero Victor hereinafter referred to as the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9979567\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14052205\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14052205\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14052205\charrsid12600396 The brief summary of the case is that the dec eased was found in the shop of A1 between 5:00am to 6:00am by some people including A4. He was locked in the shop. A1 was called by A4. People started }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13724270\charrsid12600396 gathering but}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14052205\charrsid12600396 for fear of the possibility of the thief being armed, the door was not opened. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13724270\charrsid12600396 \par A6 came to the scene in a vehicle driven by one Ojok Simon and using the lights from the vehicle, peeped in the shop and noticed that the thief was just a child. Meanwhile A1 had threate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8545517\charrsid12600396 ne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13724270\charrsid12600396 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8545517\charrsid12600396 to kill the thief at whatever cost.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13724270\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8545517\charrsid12600396 Thereafter A6 left: That A1 was helped mainly by A2 and A3 to assault the boy as A5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 encouraged them. A5 is the LC1 chairperson of the area. The boy was beaten unto death, hence this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8545517\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 The Prosecution was conducted by learned Senior State Attorney Kizito Aliwaali while the defence by learned Counsel Anyuru Geoffrey. Mr. Ocen David and Mr. Odongkara Franklin assisted court as Court Assessors. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 Burden of proof \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 It is trite law that the burden of proof in criminal cases rests on the prosecution unless excepted by statute. This princi ple of the law has been laid down in a number of cases: The prosecution in this case has to discharge its burden of proof of all the essential ingredients of the offence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10232533\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6779312\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6779312\charrsid12600396 Standard of proof \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6779312\charrsid12600396 The standard of proof is also very high. The prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the accused committed the offence unlike in civil cases where the standard of proof is on the balance of probabilities. \par Where there is doubt, it is always in favour of the accused. The evidence must prove that it was the accused who committed the offence and not maybe they could have committed the offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10232533\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6779312\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10232533\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10232533\charrsid12600396 Joint offenders \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10232533\charrsid12600396 This case has 6 accused persons S.20 of the Penal Code Act provides for scenarios where there are more than one accused person: it provides \'93 When two or more persons form a common intention to prosecute an unlawful purpose in conjunction with one another, and in the prosecution of that purpose an offence is committed of such a n ature that its commission was a probable consequence of the prosecution of that purpose, each of them is deemed to have committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 the offence: As court evaluates the evidence, it will have to form an opinion on whether these accused had a common purpose to commit the crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15740240\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 Ingredients of murder \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 The offence of murder has ingredients which the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt. \par The state had to prove the following ingredients \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 The death of a human being \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}That the death was caused by unlawful act. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}That the death was caused with malice afore thought \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}That the accused persons participated in the unlawful act. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 The above essential ingredients translates into four issues to be resolved by court. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 Whether death of a human being occurred. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}Whether the cause of death was unlawful \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Whether the death was caused with malice aforethought \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}Whether each of the 6 accused persons caused the death. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid334492\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 Resolution of the issues \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 To prove the above ingredients, the prosecution called six witnesses. The accused also defended themselves but did not call any witnesses. \par A1 and A2 made unsworn statements while A3, A4, A5, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid331819\charrsid12600396 and A6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10642110\charrsid12600396 made sworn statements in defence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917615\charrsid12600396 It is a cardinal princi ple of the law that an accused person has no burden to prove his innocence. Whether one calls witnesses or not or whether one makes a sworn statement or not in defence, it does not matter much. The duty to prove a case rests on the prosecution as no}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 conviction is based on the weakness of the defence. I will resolve the issues in their chronological order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid917615\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 Whether death of a human being occurred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 . \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 The young boy Kakanyero Victor was known before he met his death. PW2 Dr. Madrama Charles confirmed to co urt that the person who was identified as Kakanyero Victor died. Both the prosecution and the defence agree that a human being died. This issue is therefore not contentious. It is resolved into affirmative. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 Whether the cause of death was unlawful \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 Un der common law, all homicides are presumed to be unlawful unless proved otherwise the prosecution tendered in court PE1 which was the Postmortem Report PF 48C. The report indicated that the deceased\rquote s decomposing body had depressed skull fracture at the temporal region (left). PW2 Dr. Madrama Charles informed court that the cause of death was brain injury following force trauma caused by a blunt object. \par The prosecution also tendered in court PE2 (five) photographs in number which were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10967295\charrsid12600396 taken at the scene of the crime. The deceased was in a pool of blood, flossed and spills of blood where he was allegedly killed from.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409914\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10967295\charrsid12600396 Article 22(1) of the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, provides that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10967295\charrsid12600396 No person shall be deprived of life intentionally except in execution of a sentence passed in a fair trial by a court of competent jurisdiction in respect of a criminal offence under the laws of Uganda and the conviction and sentence heave been confirmed by the Highest appellate court\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10967295\charrsid12600396 Much as evidence on both th e prosecution and defence bring out the fact that the deceased was alleged to be a thief, he was not tried by court of law and in any case even if he had been tried, he would have not been sentenced to death being a child.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16347332\charrsid12600396 With the above evidence on record on how he met his deat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16347332\charrsid12600396 and our constitutional provision, the death of the deceased was caused by unlawful act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 The defence also concedes this finding.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10967295\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 This brings me to the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 issue of whether the death was caused with malice aforethought? \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 Malice aforethought is the criminal intent, or the thoughts \par and intentions behind a wrongful act. It also includes the knowledge that the act intended to be done is illegal but the person goes ahead to do it. \par S.191 of the Penal Code Act provides for circumstances where the inference of malice aforethought can be made. \par 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6972554\charrsid12600396 Evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 must show the intention to cause death of any person, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6972554\charrsid12600396 whether such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 a person is the one actually killed or not or \par 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6972554\charrsid12600396 That the accused had knowledge that the act or omission causin g death will probably cause death of some person, whether such person is the person actually killed or not, although such knowledge is accompanied by indifference whether death is caused or not or by a wish that it may not be caused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14841730\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16087434\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16087434\charrsid12600396 PW3 Ojok Simon informed court inter alia that on that fateful day he was driving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8078508\charrsid12600396 a tipper motor vehicle Reg. No. UDN 526. He was in company of A6 and some other person. On reaching }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498243\charrsid12600396 Palenga Trading Centre, he saw may people gathered and he branched to help thinking there was a problem of sickness. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16087434\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498243\charrsid12600396 When they stopped A6 came out and asked what was wrong. The people informed them a thief has been locked in the house. A6 opened the door and bro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9255972\charrsid12600396 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498243\charrsid12600396 ght a boy outside. Using the light of the vehicle, he saw A2 and A3 hold the hands of the boy and A1 started boxing }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9255972\charrsid12600396 the cheeks of the boy asking him why he broke into his house. The boy answered while crying that it was hunger which made him break into the shop. He informed court that A6 went back to the vehicle and they left when th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3553344\charrsid12600396 e boy was being beaten.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498243\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1080\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3553344\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3553344\charrsid12600396 PW6 Ajok Filder a resident at Palenga Trading Centre informed court she heard noise outside her house and saw bright light. She heard people saying a thief had been caught. She went to the scene to see what was happening. While at the scene, A1 came and a lady called Agnes who was sharpening a panga asked whether the authorities have been informed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4027897\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3553344\charrsid12600396 Then after reporting to Apire the LC 1 chairperson i.e.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4027897\charrsid12600396 A5, he came and gave authority for the thief to be killed. This witness saw A2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11944724\charrsid12600396 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4027897\charrsid12600396 eat the boy with the side of a panga, and saw A1 step on the neck of the boy holding him on the ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2098224\charrsid12600396 She informed court that A5 said the people were just joking with the boy. That A2 then hit the boy from the side of the head and blood started oozing from the mouth and nose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3553344\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4931029\charrsid12600396 A1 then dragged the boy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1329421\charrsid12600396 infront}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4931029\charrsid12600396 of his shop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1329421\charrsid12600396 to the roadside. That A5 instructed A4 to pick a block and smashed the head of the boy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9255972\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1329421\charrsid12600396 That A5 then instructed people who had gathered to disperse so that when police comes people should say, they don\rquote t know the killer. \par \par The concrete block which inflicted the final blow was tendered in court. \par \par PW4 D/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3284638\charrsid12600396 AIP Odong }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 Andrew}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3284638\charrsid12600396 the scene of the crime officer went to the scene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 , he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3284638\charrsid12600396 saw blood on the base of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 pillar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3284638\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 in front}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3284638\charrsid12600396 of the shop.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 He went where the body was. It was covered with the blanket. It was a body of a small }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11944724\charrsid12600396 boy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 lying in a pool of blood. The body had bruises on the hands, and the head had wounds and depression. A concrete stone with blood was lying near the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1329421\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 \par A3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4481257\charrsid12600396 in his defence informed court he h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11944724\charrsid12600396 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4481257\charrsid12600396 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11944724\charrsid12600396 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4481257\charrsid12600396 d people shooting \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4481257\charrsid12600396 kill him, we are tired of him\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7043194\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4481257\charrsid12600396 \par With the above evidence on record, it is apparent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10908407\charrsid12600396 that the deceased was wounded w ith the intention of killing him which evidence leaves a very clear manifestation of the requisite malice aforethought. The attack on the deceased and injuries inflicted would make any reasonable person kn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9724329\charrsid12600396 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10908407\charrsid12600396 w that at least grievous bodily harm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5790911\charrsid12600396 will result and death.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4481257\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5790911\charrsid12600396 \par There is sufficient evidence to prove the existence of malice aforethought to support the charge of murder. I don\rquote t agree with the submission of the defence that it is doubtful on the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598744\charrsid12600396 that the accused intended to kill or cause grievous harm and therefore give the benefit of doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5790911\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598744\charrsid12600396 I agree with the authority cited R vs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15870899\charrsid12600396 Joseph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9724329\charrsid12600396 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598744\charrsid12600396 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9724329\charrsid12600396 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598744\charrsid12600396 Byarushengo and Another (1946) 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6640300\charrsid12600396 EACA 187 but the facts in the instant case prove the ingredient of malice aforethought beyond reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16598744\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16340455\charrsid12600396 This brings me to the last and most }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15870899\charrsid12600396 crucial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16340455\charrsid12600396 issue of whether the accused persons caused the unlawful death of the deceased. Court has to consider their participation in the unlawful act. The prosecution called three eye wit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15870899\charrsid12600396 nesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16340455\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15870899\charrsid12600396 \par PW1 Okema Santo identified himself as a business man at Palenga. He knew all the 6 accused persons by name and appearance. At the time he arrived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9724329\charrsid12600396 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15870899\charrsid12600396 the scene, the boy was almost dead. He saw A1 beating the deceased. He also saw A2 and A3 standing near the person who was beating the chil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2171611\charrsid12600396 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15870899\charrsid12600396 . \par \par The witness saw A5 standing at a distance of about 5-7 meters and he did not hear him speak anything. He did not see A6 at the scene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467617\charrsid12600396 . The boy was thrown near the road after he was beaten from in front of A1\rquote s shop.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2171611\charrsid12600396 The witness made two statements that were tendered in court. \par In the first statement, he claimed he did not identify the people who participated in the killing. In the second statements, he mentioned names. He however maintained that he knows all the accused persons. \par PW3 Ojok Simon a driver and resident of Palenga knew all the accused persons by name, save for A4 whom he knew by appearance because he had just come to Palenga as a shop dealer. PW1 also described A4 as a trader in Palenga.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid467617\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15944037\charrsid12600396 On 26/6/2012 he was driving motor vehicle Reg. No. UD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid805554\charrsid12600396 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15944037\charrsid12600396 526. It was coming to 6.00am. He flashed his light at people who had gathered. A6 who was with him got out of the vehicle and they asked what the matter was. The people said a thief was locked in the house. He saw A6 open the door an d came out with a boy. \par Then A2 and A3 held the hands of the boy and A1 started to box the cheeks of the boy asking him why he broke into his house. He informed court. A6 went back to the vehicle and they left them beating the child. \par \par This witness managed to see because the light of the vehicle flashed at the door and the people who beat the boy. He informed court he did not se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9724329\charrsid12600396 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15944037\charrsid12600396 A5 and A4 but clearly saw A, A3 and A2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid805554\charrsid12600396 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15944037\charrsid12600396

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid805554\charrsid12600396 \par In cross examination, he informed court, he was not there at the time the child was killed and that he never expected them to kill a child. \par PW6 Ajok Filder was the third eye witness. She was a resident of Palenga trading centre and knew all the accused persons and the deceased child. \par She informed court she saw what happened with her naked eyes. She informed court that A5 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid95249\charrsid12600396 LC chairperson authorized people to kill the child and that A1 opened the door got the boy by the neck and hand and threw him out.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid805554\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid95249\charrsid12600396 She saw A2 beating the boy and assuring him that they were going to kill him. A1 had stepped on the boy holding him on the ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11282114\charrsid12600396 while A5 claimed they were just joking with the boy. A2 then hit the boy and blood started oozing from the mouth and nose. He was hit on the side of the head. This witness saw A4 smash the head of the boy with a concrete block after A1 dragged him to the roadside. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid95249\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11282114\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11282114\charrsid12600396 A5 instructed people to disperse and nobody was to tell the police who the killers were. \par She said she also saw A6 punch and kick the boy at the back. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8192624\charrsid12600396 \par All the accused persons denied the charge against them. \par A1 claimed at the time he arrived the deceased was already dead. He was not there when they killed him. The remaining part of his evidence is a narration of what happened after the killing. He claimed the witnesses lied about his participation. \par \par A2 claimed he was there but did not participate in the killing. That they saw that Kakanyero was a very young child when they brought him out. They left him there. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2127689\charrsid12600396 \par A3 informed court, he received a phone call from a friend and he went to the scene. That A6 came and checked in the shop and said the person inside the shop looks like a child. That he immediately opened the door and came outside with a child. He said this was a young child and they should look for the parents so that they compensate the padlock. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15163593\charrsid12600396 \par That A6 thereafter went to the vehicle and went away. \par That people started sho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15672996\charrsid12600396 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15163593\charrsid12600396 ting that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15672996\charrsid12600396 they were tired of the boy and starting slapping him. That he tried to rescue the boy by taking him back to the shop where he was found and closed the door.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15163593\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15672996\charrsid12600396 That he went for a short call and shortly after he saw the boy outside. Many people shouted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14826491\charrsid12600396 \'93 Kill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15672996\charrsid12600396 him, we are tired of him\'94 \par That he decided to move away from that place and shortly after he heard the boy had been killed. He got the call between 5-6 am and he claimed it was still dark. He therefore denied any participation at first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14826491\charrsid12600396 there but when he returned from the short call he had left.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15672996\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14826491\charrsid12600396 A3 further informed court that he saw A4 standing at his shop.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11282114\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14826491\charrsid12600396 \par A4 Aloni Dee informed court on that day 26/6/2012, he come for work only to find many people gathered and a body covered with the blanket. \par In essence, he denied any participation in the murder. \par A5 the LC1 chairperson claimed he just went and saw a person locked in the house. He left to dress up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4393262\charrsid12600396 properly and report to police. By the time he went back, the deceased was killed. He alleged PW6 had a grudge with him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14826491\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10510074\charrsid12600396 \par A6, admitted opening the door and bringing out the child but denied beating the child or participating in killing him. He said all the co-accused persons were there and he left the child with A3. He did not expect the child to be killed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5907273\charrsid12600396 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10510074\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5907273\charrsid12600396 \par PW5 D/Sgt Arop Michael Thomas attached to Gulu CSP investigated the case. His investigation revealed that A1, A2, and A3 were the key suspects in the murder of the deceased because the witnesses informed him they really beat the deceased. \par A5 encouraged the killi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13648688\charrsid12600396 ng of the child and one lady Agnes also participated in the killing but she has ran away from the place.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5907273\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9255972\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214110\charrsid12600396 Investigation also revealed that A4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11893268\charrsid12600396 did the mobilization and A6 opened the door only to discover the deceased was a child.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214110\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11893268\charrsid12600396 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12600396\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11893268\charrsid12600396 Both the state Attorney and accused\rquote s counsel submitted in support of their cases. \par From the above evidence, both from the prosecution and the defence, it is very apparent that all the accused persons have been placed at the scene of the crime. Much as PW1 said he did not see A4 and A6 at the scene, and that A5 was standing at the distance. \par PW6 saw all the accused persons. It is evidence from the chronology of events that PW1 arrived when the child was almost dead. A1 continued to beat the almost dead child until he finally passed on. \par \par PW3 Ojok Simon provided the light from the vehicle which was bright enough}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409344\charrsid12600396 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11893268\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409344\charrsid12600396 A6 opened the door and came out with the child the suspected thief. He clearly saw A2 and A3 hold the child and A1 started beating the child. \par This witness i.e. Ojok Simon was a resident of Palenga and knew the 3 accused persons very well that is A1, A2, and A3. He was working with A6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid478092\charrsid12600396 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15409344\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid478092\charrsid12600396 \par This witness did not see A5 and A4. He left with A6 when the beating had just started. \par PW6 was at the scene of the crime. She identified all the accused persons who participated. \par \par The participation of A1, A2 and A3 in the beating is very apparent. A4 was also at the scene of crime. PW6 informed court that A4 used the concrete cement to crash the boy\rquote s head. The police}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4268954\charrsid12600396 officer who visited the scene f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid478092\charrsid12600396 ound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4268954\charrsid12600396 a concrete bloc}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid70279\charrsid12600396 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4268954\charrsid12600396 stained with blood next to the deceased.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid478092\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6029997\charrsid12600396 He observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16334837\charrsid12600396 wounds and a depression on the head of the deceased. PW2 Dr. Madrama Charles who carried out the post mortem after exhuming the body, found a depression in the left temporal region of the scalp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid70279\charrsid12600396 According to him, the cause of death was brain injury following blunt force trauma. This reveals that A4 inflicted the very final blow on the deceased crashing and depressing the scalp: fracturing the skull. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6029997\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11943805\charrsid12600396 A5 the LC chairperson was at the scene of the crime. He witnessed the killing and PW6 informed court that he encouraged and authorized the assailants to kill. \par He further told people to go away and close}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 their lips about what they had witnessed. The police was not to be informed of the killers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11943805\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 After the murder, he now went to report to police. His statement was tendered in court. He clearly informed police that he saw the people who killed. \par To quote from his statement, he said, \'93 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 But of all these people, the people I saw them beating and killing the young boy were Komakech George, Ocaya Michael, Otema Patrick and Agness Pa Lateng who caned the deceased using a stick\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 \par He went on to say, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 I saw George forcefully pulli ng the young boy from inside and when he started beating the boy Ocaya, Otema and Agness also started beating the boy and it was the three men Komakech, Ocaya and Otema who beat the boy upto death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 \'94 \par \par PW6 informed court that A5 arrived with A1 and A1 opened the door got the boy by the neck and hand and threw him out. A1 told the boy not to say anything because he was going to be killed A2 and A3 joined him in the beating.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid352417\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 \par \par From the evidence on record, A5 did not beat the boy but incited people to kill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11684827\charrsid12600396 the boy. He gave authority he did not have.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5467676\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11684827\charrsid12600396 \par The participation of A6 was his boldness to find out who was inside the shop. The door was not even locked from inside. The boy had been locked inside. After realizing it was a child he went away. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7175656\charrsid12600396 \par The facts of this case presents the doctrine of common intention which is provided for under the Uganda Law S. 20 of the Penal Code Act. \par \par I have considered the evidence carefully and I have no doubt that A1, A2, A3, A4 acted in concert to beat the deceased and must have known the probable consequences of the beating that is the possible of death ensuring which it did. \par \par In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7175656\charrsid12600396 Dracaku s/o Ajia v. R (1963) EA at page 366, Sir Trevor Gould Ag. P then, quoting from Kenuy\rquote s outline of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7175656\charrsid12600396 riminal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 Law 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 Ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 ition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 at page 20 described the scenario where a person engages in a murderous beating and a stranger joins. \'93 Thus if one person were engaged in a murderously beating another to death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9903706\charrsid12600396 and a stranger, without being requested, were to rush in and add some more blows so that the victim\rquote s death were more speedily brought about, both would be guilty of murder and the first man could not be allowed the defence that it was the second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 assailant\rquote s strokes that finally ended the victim\rquote s life\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7175656\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 \par Much as in the instant case no one is blaming the death on another, I just wish to bring out the fact that when two or more people engage in the act of beating a suspected thief, or any other person and the beating results into death, you ar e all liable for his/her death regardless of who inflicted the fatal blow. \par \par In the book of Russell on Crime 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 Edition at pages 33-34, it is said}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15614637\charrsid12600396 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5663755\charrsid12600396 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5663755\charrsid12600396 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15614637\charrsid12600396 may be stated as a general rule that when A intentionally participates in what he knows B to be doing, then the result of their combined activity will be considered in law to be no less the actus reus of A than it may be of B and thus will be so whether or not B wished for or knew of A\rquote s action in the matter. Nor will it make any difference if A\rquote s contribution to the affair be superfluous or even in effective. For example if C a stranger sees A engaged in kicking B and where upon without being in any way invited to do so by A, should join in and himself make an attack on B than, however innocuou s his own attack on B may be, he will make himself responsible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1578426\charrsid12600396 (of course to the extent that he has the appropriate mens rea) for whatever actus reus this combined attack may inflict on B\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14430921\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1578426\charrsid12600396 The above scenario is what exactly happened in this case. A1 started beating the deceased because he had broken into his shop A2, A3 and A4 joined in the beating without any}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561782\charrsid12600396 invitation to help A1. The common intention was to get rid of a suspected thief who has been terrorizing people at the trading cent re. They beat the deceased until he collapsed or passed on. After A1 dragged his lifeless body from in front of his shop where the assault was done, A4 used a concrete block to smash his head.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1578426\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7213248\charrsid12600396 Needless to mention, A4 inflicted the final blow according to the evidence of PW6. People then dispersed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10316875\charrsid12600396 \par As regards A5, the LC 1 chairperson of Palenga, PW1, PW3 and PW6 confirmed he was at the scene of the crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2892868\charrsid12600396 He claims he returned when the boy had been killed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10316875\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7756859\charrsid12600396 \par I have no reason to doubt PW1 who said A5 was there standing aside. This puts him at the scene of the crime I also have no reason to doubt PW6 who informed court he saw all the accused and A5 authorized and incited the accused to kill the young boy. In all respects A5 joined A1, A2, A3, and A4 to achieve that common purpose of killing the suspected thief. \par \par Section 20 of the Penal Code Act applies to A5 in this case. He is deemed to have committed the offence. \par In his statement to police, he mentioned the people he saw killing the child. He later on changed his mind because, he was among them. He actively participated in murder of the boy. \par As regard A6, I found it difficult to ascertain his mensrea. At the time he participated in identifying the person who was locked inside and realized it was a young child, he did not have any common intention with the co-accused to kill. \par PW3 informed court that he left the place with A6 before the child was killed. \par \par Much as PW6 informed court that she saw A6 assaulting the deceased, I don\rquote t have strong reasons to disagree with A6\rquote s defence. Where the accused are jointly charged like in this case, the prosecution has a duty to prove all ingredients of the offence as against every}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9054081\charrsid12600396 accused person.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7756859\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9054081\charrsid12600396 It is my considered view the ingredient of malice aforethought and participation of A6 to cause the killing of the deceased has not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9054081\charrsid12600396 been proved beyond reasonable doubt. \par \par Never the less, the people had gathered and scared of the suspected thief. A6 saw the people charged. He went ahead and got a child and left him wit h people who started assaulting him in his presence. Needless to mention, he set the ball rolling by bringing the defenceless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 boy out. Much as he claims he left before they beat the child, I don\rquote t believe him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9054081\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 PW3 clearly told court when A6 opened the door and brought him out. A2 and A3 held the boys hands and A1 started boxing the boy. \par He told Opoka who was with them to call A6 and they left. He said, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971692\charrsid12600396 \'93A6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 came and we left them beating the child.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 \par A6 did not reflect on the possible danger the child was exposed to. His conduct was rash and or negligent. It is not enough for him to claim, he did not expect the child to be killed when he saw people armed. \par \par Section 87 of the Trial on Indictment Act provides that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2971692\charrsid12600396 \'93When}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 a person is charged with an offence and facts are proved which reduce it to a minor cognate offence, he or she may be convicted of the minor offence although he or she was not charged with it\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7175656\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 Of course, one may argue that the person wo uld not be given an opportunity to defend himself on the minor charge. After careful evaluation of the evidence and submission of both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid542650\charrsid12600396 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 ounsel, court is of the view that convicting A6 of a rash or negligent act causing death c/s 227 of the Penal Code Act will not be fatal to him or a violation of his constitutional right to a fair trial. \par \par S.227 of the Penal Code Act provides, \'93 Any person who by any rash or negligent act not amounting to manslaughter, causes the death of another person is liable to imprisonment for a term not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3811609\charrsid12600396 exceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 seven years or to a fine not exceeding 70,000/=}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3811609\charrsid12600396 or both fine and imprisonment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8799572\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3811609\charrsid12600396 Indeed, A6\rquote s act of opening the door and bringing out the child to the accused persons who were charged and moving away thereafter leaving him being beaten was a rash and negligent and eventually led to the death of the decease. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid162911\charrsid12600396 The two gentlemen assessors advised court to find A5 guilty because he was the LC1 chairperson of the area and that there was contradiction in the testimony of the eye witnesses.

\par \par I have decided to disagree with them because they did not evaluate the evidence properly. The contradictions did not go to the root of the case because the eye witnesses did not arrive at the scene at the same time. PW6 was there before PW3 and PW1 was the last to arrive at the scene. By the time PW1 arrived, the accused were inflicting their final blow i.e. A1, A 2 and A3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405322\charrsid12600396 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid162911\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405322\charrsid12600396 I also do not agree with the submission of the defence counsel that the offence should be reduced to manslaughter. Sufficient mensrea and malice aforethought was proved beyond reasonable doubt. \par The accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2971692\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405322\charrsid12600396 had sufficient time to plan and execute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2971692\charrsid12600396 their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405322\charrsid12600396 mission of killing the suspected thief. \par \par In view of the above, I am very satisfied that the prosecution has proved all the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14182520\charrsid12600396 essential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405322\charrsid12600396 ingredients }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14182520\charrsid12600396 of the offence of murder and convict A1 A2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5663755\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14182520\charrsid12600396 A3 A4 and A5 under S. 82 of the Trial on Indictment Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11405322\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14182520\charrsid12600396 A6 is convicted of a minor and cognate offence of rash and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2971692\charrsid12600396 negligent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14182520\charrsid12600396 act c/s 227 of the Penal Code Act. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Margaret Mutonyi \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Judge \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 6/3/2015 \par \par All the 6 accused in court. \par Omia Patrick Senior Resident State Attorney \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 Anyuru Geoffrey for all accused. \par Ocan Daniel \par Odongkara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16329930\charrsid12600396 Franklin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 gentlemen assessors. \par Anna Alengo for clerk. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 Omia:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 The case is for judgment and we are ready to receive. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 Judgment read and delivered in the presence for the above. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Margaret Mutonyi \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Judge \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4399662\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 : I do not have any record of the previous conviction against them. They are treated}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16329930\charrsid12600396 us first offenders. However, their act killing a suspected thief amounted to taking the law into their hands more so in juke v iews of LCI chairperson who should have prevailed over them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12153947\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16329930\charrsid12600396 \par This was a primitive and savage act where all the convicts who were adults at that time should have taken corrective measures to the juvenile suspected offender. \par \par The law is that no person has a right to take the life of another which position originates from the Holy Book , the Bible. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1926613\charrsid12600396 \par The offence is rampant, and the act commonly known as mob justice which is mob injustice is very common. It is the duty of the court to curb this crime. \par \par Death sentence is the maximum penalty for this offence. Our }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid542650\charrsid12600396 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1926613\charrsid12600396 umb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid542650\charrsid12600396 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1926613\charrsid12600396 e praye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid542650\charrsid12600396 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1926613\charrsid12600396 is that this case deserves such a death. We therefore pray for death sentence on convicts 1-5 respectively. \par \par We also pray for maximum sentence of 7 years imprisonment on convict number 6. \par \par This will go along way of having criminals who are at law abiding. The bible says he who lives by the swor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid542650\charrsid12600396 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1926613\charrsid12600396 should die by the sword. I so pray. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3817627\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid334492\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3817627\charrsid12600396 Anyuru Geoffrey \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3817627\charrsid12600396 I pray that I be given one minute with convicts before I can say something in mitigation. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3817627\charrsid12600396 Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3817627\charrsid12600396 : \tab No objection. Get their final instructions to ably \tab \tab \tab \tab represent \tab them in mitigation. \par \par As rightly put by the State Attorney the convicts are first offenders who should be treated with leniency. They are remorseful and pray for leniency. \par \par This court is a court of justice that should give fair punishment. It is suppo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13397793\charrsid12600396 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3817627\charrsid12600396 ed to bring reform to convicts and not vengeance. I therefore pray that the court exercises its judicial mind. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 \par The first convict has a wife with 5 children of his own. 3 orphans, i.e. 8 children under his care. His absence impacts on the welfare of children aged between 4 years and sixteen. \par \par The second convict has 3 wives 8 children and 6 orphans. He is praying for leniency. \par \par A3 has a wife and six children two orphans leaving positively after loosing their parents of HIV. His wife is disabled and has difficulties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 in taking care of this children. \par \par A4 has a wife and five children, one orphan and has elderly mother who is sick, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 of advanced age. \par \par A5 has a wife and four children of their own and 5 children of his late brother, one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 granddaughter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 left under his care as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 a result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 of defil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 ment. He is living with a bullet in his body he got as he helped UPDF as they fought rebels. It was inflicted in 2001. \par \par A6 has six children and six other orphans. He is a diabetic with high }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 blood}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14305753\charrsid12600396 pressure. All his children are left alone their mother having passed on. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 \par All the dependants look at the convicts for survival and a future. They have been on remand for 2 years 8 months since 2012. We pray that this court exercise leniency to the convicts and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 gives appropriate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6319080\charrsid12600396 sentence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 Adjourned to 12/3/2015 for sentencing. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Margaret Mutonyi \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Judge \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16329930\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 Sentence and Reasons \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 The five convicts of murder i.e. A1, A2, A3 A4 and A5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6496636\charrsid12600396 committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6496636\charrsid12600396 heinous crime against a little boy who was fit to be their child.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14370108\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13006368\charrsid12600396 All the convicts have children but they acted in a monstrous manner towards a child who was atrociously beaten unto death. \par The act of taking the law in their hands which is commonly known as mob justice is injustice of the highest order because it violates the supreme law of the land and principles of natural justice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12082190\charrsid12600396 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13006368\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12082190\charrsid12600396 \par Even if Kakanyero Victor had been a thief of which he was not because no court of law had pronounced him as such, theft or burglary or house breaking is not punishable by death. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11544260\charrsid12600396 Even if he was an aggravated robber, no court of law would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13397793\charrsid12600396 have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11544260\charrsid12600396 sentenced a child to death by stoning. \par \par A5, a local leader set a very bad precedent to participate in the killing of a child and conceal the crime and protected the murderous, himself inclusive. Human blood is sacred, that is why the law forbids unlawful killing and spilling of blood. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1000223\charrsid12600396 \par Suspected criminals are often denied justice by such acts of injustice condemning them to death unheard. Even if the High Court condemns a person to death, that sentence has to be confirmed by the High}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13397793\charrsid12600396 est}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1000223\charrsid12600396 Court of the land, the Supreme Court. \par The deceased was murdered in the most gruesome manner and his plea fell on deaf ears. \par \par Murder is one of the most serious crime in Uganda. It is punishable by death on conviction as the maximum sentence. \par \par However, since the Kigula case, it is no longer mandatory to sentence the convict to death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083417\charrsid12600396 It is the duty of this court to protect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5007871\charrsid12600396 society from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15083417\charrsid12600396 lawlessness. Uganda as a country upholds to Rule of law, and doesn\rquote t condone the pub lic taking the law in their hands. We have the judicial systems which are operational}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5007871\charrsid12600396 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1000223\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5007871\charrsid12600396 The convict\rquote s conduct did not only violet o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13397793\charrsid12600396 ur }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5007871\charrsid12600396 Ugandan laws but breached the international laws that protect children from torture and abuse. \par \par Even if Victor was a delinquent child, he was a victim of neglect from society which owned him a duty of care. \par \par At his tender age,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid349409\charrsid12600396 he needed tender, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13397793\charrsid12600396 lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid349409\charrsid12600396 ving care from adults not savage treatment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5007871\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid349409\charrsid12600396 The attack on him was too brutal to be inflicted on a minor. It\rquote s the duty of court to ensure that laws are respected and children are protected from the wicked society which has become so hostile to them. Even if he was a vagabond, he did not deserve to have his life terminated in the most atrocious manner. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14881400\charrsid12600396 \par According to the sentencing guidelines which were not passed in vein constitution (sentencing Guidelines for courts of Judicature) practice Direction 2013, the starting point for murder is 35 years. Beating a child to death is also rare as usually adults or teenagers are the ones who are killed in the like manner. But I will not treat this case as the rarest of the rare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9788018\charrsid12600396 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14881400\charrsid12600396 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9788018\charrsid12600396 I have not seen any mitigating factor in this case. All factors aggravate the crime. \par Mob justice is prevalent. The victim was a minor of between 9-12 years. His criminal liability was not apparent or established. The manner in which he was killed was very gruesome and the convicts have wasted a lot of court\rquote s time. \par But since they are first offenders and from their look from the dock, as submitted by their defence lawyer appear remorseful and pray for leniency, this court is going to give them a second chance to behave when they get a suspect. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11603618\charrsid12600396 \par However, because they decided to kill a child who was already in their custody safely locked in a shop that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14306361\charrsid12600396 would not escape and instead of letting the law take its course decided to kill him, they must suffer some kind of punishment to serve as a deterrent to others and themselves.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11603618\charrsid12600396

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14306361\charrsid12600396 \par From the evidence on record, their participation varied in degree and I am going to sentence them accordingly \par A1 Komakech George is sentenced to 10 years in prison \par A2 Ocaya Michael is sentenced to 10 years in prison \par A3 Otema Patrick is sentenced to 10 years in prison \par A4 Oloni Dee is sentenced to 10 years in prison \par A5 Apire Jalon is sentenced to 10 years in prison \par A6 Obote Milton Okoke is sentenced to 2 years 8 months period on remand inclusive. \par All the above sentences include the period spent on remand which implies that A6 will be released at the rise of court. \par \par Right of Appeal against both conviction and sentence explained to the convicts. \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Margaret Mutonyi \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Judge \par \tab \tab \tab \tab 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