[2010] UGHC 137

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\ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid748956 \chftnsepc \par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2184317 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid7692368 PAGE }}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid7692368 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid7692368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 \par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2184317 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid7692368 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid7692368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7692368 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368\charrsid7692368 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}REPUBLIC{\*\xmlclose} OF {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}UGANDA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2107845\charrsid7692368 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368\charrsid7692368 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT JINJA \par HCT 03-CR-SC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4597050\charrsid4597050 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4597050 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4597050\charrsid7692368 NO }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368\charrsid7692368 -0328/2010 \par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}UGANDA{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. PROSECUTOR \par VERSUS \par MAGANDA FRED\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. ACCUSED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2908185\charrsid7692368 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368\charrsid7692368 BEFORE HON. LADY JUSTICE FAITH MWONDHA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2908185\charrsid7692368 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368\charrsid7692368 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368 \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7692368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 The accused was indicted on a charge of rape C/S 123 and 124 of the Penal Code Act as amended. The particulars as alleged by the prosecution were that the accused Maganda Fred on the 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid7692368\charrsid7692368 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 day of November 2009 at Gwase Butaidi Buseranda Zone in Kamuli District had unlawful carnal knowledge of Namiyonba Justine without her consent. \par \par The prosecution had to prove beyond reasonable doubt the following ingredients in order to bring the guilt of the accused person home in a rape charge as indicated; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692368 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7692368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 that there was penetration of the victim\rquote s vagina \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692368 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}that the act resulting into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 penetration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 was without consent of the victim \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692368 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}that it was the accused who committed the offence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7692368\charrsid7755993 ( }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid7692368\charrsid2908185 see Katumba James v. Uganda SCCR Appeal No.45/1999}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7692368\charrsid2908185 ) \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7692368 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 \par The prosecution brought evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 thr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 ee witnesses in addition to the agreed evidence of the arre sting officer and that contained in the medical PF3 and its appendix.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7692368 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 \par PW2 the victim stated categorically that she was raped by the accused who had come to visit them. That the accused claimed to have herbs for blessings while at school and when they were out of school. That on the fateful night the accused woke her up }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 stealthily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 as he had told her father and mother }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 the herbs were going to be free. That she woke up and they went outside. That the accused told her to lie down facing upwards and he told her to close her eyes. That he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 started}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 smearing the herbs and opened her skirt and she tried to resist it. That he told her not to fear. That he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 forcefully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 pushed her down and he slept on her and had sexual intercourse with her. That she made alarms calling her mother and father saying that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 visitor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 had raped her. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 t the accused ran away. The medical evidence contained in PF3 and its appendix established that the victim who was aged 19 years had penetrative sex. That her hymen had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11495210 ruptured}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 and the rapture was recent. That there were no signs of VD. The victim had told court that she had never had sex before. The first ingredient was proved. I was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 satisfied}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5656264 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 \par As for the second ingredient, there was still evidence of PW2 the victim making alarms calling her mother that the accused who was a visitor had raped her. She narrated her story to her father which caused the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 PW1 to go and report to the LC. If there was consent, she could not have raised the alarm. The accused ran and he hid himself but w as later arrested before the LCI chairman could write a letter referring them to police. This evidence shows that there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 couldn\rquote t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 have been consent by the accused. So I was satisfied that this ingredient was proved. \par \par On the third ingredient again PW2 evidence was clear. The accused had come to visit them at her fathers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2908185 home on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 the 29/11/09. he talked to them including her father }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 PW1 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9862816 mother advertising the herbs of blessings which he said that it was free of charge. He even told them that it would be administered at night though the whole procedure was not explained by him to the victim and the other children and the father and mother. When he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 i}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 ted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9862816 he went away on 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid9862816\charrsid9862816 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9862816 /11/09 but he came back. PW2 stated that when he came to wake her up, she asked him if she could light the candle and the accused answered in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4594042 affirmative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9862816 . This evidence was not shaken in cross examination. This meant that there could not have been any mistaken identity. When PW2 raised the alarm and PW1 woke up }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 he found that the accused was not in the house. That it\rquote s the villagers who answered the alarm who got him hiding in the coffee garden and was arrested. He was taken back to PW1\rquote s home where the LCI chairman and PW1 found him and he was taken to Gwase Police. I was satisfied that this ingredient was proved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid282499 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 \par The accused in his defence denied being a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 in law of PW1 though h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid853621 e agreed to having visited him o}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 n the material dates. He denied having raped PW2 but he conceded to having slept with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2908185 PW1 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 his house. He stated that he was being framed. He denied that he was not a traditional doctor. He had made a statement at police which was not a confession and his particulars he had stated that he was a traditional doctor which he was denying. He said that the statement was not read to him though he signed it. The s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755993 tatement was tendered as EXD1. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 he evidence adduced was that the accused was claiming to be a traditional doctor and he never challenged it. PW2 told court that w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid853621 hen the accused came to visit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 their home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 he found her and a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 sister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 her mother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 who was suffering from traditional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 sickness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 and the accused said he was going back home to bring the herbs. That he took the patient back to wher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755993 e she was married on 01/02/09. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 hat he left the patient there and he came back that very day 01/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755993 02/09. A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 ll that evidence was pointing to one fact that he claimed to be doctor or healer of some kind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3818169 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 \par His defence was a mere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 concoction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 of lies which could not be believed. He didn\rquote t bother to explain why he was found hiding himself in the coffee g arden. So I found no merit in defence which could cast doubt on the prosecution case. The principal State Attorney Mulindwa Badru submitted that the prosecution had proved its case beyond reasonable doubt and prayed that the accused should be found guilty and convicted accordingly. The defence conceded to the proof of ingredient one and three but contested the proof of ingredient two. He submitted that the victim consented on a number of events which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 culminated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 in the actual act of sexual intercourse. That the alarms raised were an action of embarrassment but not to show that there was no consent. \par \par As I have already stated the evidence was overwhelming that there was no consent, the accused tricked the victim and her parents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 into the act. The victim and the parents believed so by trick so that could not have been consent. There was nothing the victim could be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 embarrassed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 about in order to make an alarm. That was her first time to encounter sexual intercourse. This being a sexual offence, the victim is in most cases her only witness in the material particular. All other evidence like the medical evidence is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11495210 corroborative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 . As it was stated in the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2908185 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2908185\charrsid2908185 George}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid853621\charrsid2908185 Ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid15470566\charrsid2908185 girwa v. Uganda[1975] HCB page 361}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 . Its time that a court is not prevented from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 convicting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 a person of sexual offence on the evidence of the complainant (prosecut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid853621 ion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 ) alone if she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid853621 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 believed by the court to be a truthful witness. But the practise is such a case consistently and rightly has been that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 complaints}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15470566 evidence he corroborated. Its generally considered unsafe to base a conviction only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 on the evidence of a complainant (prosecut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid853621 ion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 ) in sexual offences.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1776182 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2908185 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 In the instant case there is ample corroboration of PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid853621 testimony that she was penetrative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12082327 sexual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 intercourse by the medical evidence which sho wed that the PW2 had a recent rapture of her hymen. It was between 1-2 days. She had told court that she had never had sex before. The conduct of the accused also corroborated PW2\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755993 s. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 he testimony also of PW1 who said that when he woke up because of the alarm he observed that the accused was not in the house and he saw someone run }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755993 away. H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 is conduct was not innocent. His flat denial could not stand and or shake the prosecutors evidence. He appeared an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11495210 artful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 liar and there was no sense of truth in what he was saying. \par \par The assessors in their joint opinion advised me }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7755993 to find the accused guilty and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13253827 sentence him accordingly. I agreed with them because of the reasons already given in this judgement. The prosecution proved its case beyond reasonable doubt and therefore found him guilty of the offence of rape. 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