[2009] UGHC 87
The High Court found that although section 50(5) of the Criminal Procedure Code Act generally precludes revision where an appeal is possible but not taken, the circumstances of this case—specifically, the closure of the prosecution case in the absence of state representation and unresolved procedural...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2009] UGHC 87
- Parties
- Applicant: Uganda; Respondent: Muwonge Andrew & 5 Others
- Court
- High Court of Uganda
- Jurisdiction
- Uganda
- Case Number
- Criminal Revision No. 10 of 2009
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Revision / Preliminary Objection Ruling
- Outcome
- preliminary_objection_dismissed
- Legal Topics
- Criminal Revision Procedure, Preliminary Objection, Closure of Prosecution Case, Appeal Vs Revision, Substantive Justice, Illegality in Criminal Proceedings
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Uganda
Applicant
Muwonge Andrew & 5 Others
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Revision / Preliminary Objection Ruling
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the application for revision was competent before the High Court in light of the available appeal procedure.
- 2 Whether the closure of the prosecution case in the absence of state representation was lawful and justified.
- 3 Whether the High Court should exercise its revisionary powers to quash the Chief Magistrate's decision.
Ratio Decidendi
The High Court found that although section 50(5) of the Criminal Procedure Code Act generally precludes revision where an appeal is possible but not taken, the circumstances of this case—specifically, the closure of the prosecution case in the absence of state representation and unresolved procedural irregularities—required the court to prioritize substantive justice over technical procedural bars. The court held that it cannot sanction illegality, and where such illegality is brought to its attention, it must intervene regardless of technicalities. The preliminary objection was therefore dismissed, and the application for revision was allowed to proceed to a hearing on its merits.
Court Disposition
preliminary_objection_dismissed
Orders
- The preliminary objection is overruled.
- The application for revision is to be heard on its merits.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
1 paragraphs
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THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8859924\charrsid3473716 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6979490\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ANTI CORRUPTION DIVISION) \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 CRIMINAL REVISION NO. 10 OF 2009 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8938290\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (Arising out of Buganda Road Chief Magistrate\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Court Criminal Case No. 1695 of 2001) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11434744\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 UGANDA}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16465955\charrsid3473716 \tab \tab \tab }{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11434744\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ::::::::::::::::::\tab }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6979490\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 APPLICANT}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11434744\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 /PROSECUTOR}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6979490\charrsid3473716 \par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 VERSUS\tab }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11434744\charrsid3473716 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 MUWONGE ANDREW & 5 OTHERS :::::::::::::\tab RESPONDENTS \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16465955\charrsid3473716 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6979490\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BEFORE HON. JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6979490\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 RULING: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4926408\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 When on 10}{\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4926408\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4926408\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 September, 2009 hearing was about to start of an application for revision, Mr. Kabega, appearing for the respondents raised a prelimin \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ary objection.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10835971\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2502168\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12338496\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 summary what he sought}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12987763\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12338496\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10835971\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ule on is that the application w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12338496\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10172832\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 competent }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12338496\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 before court since the proper pr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9114915\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ocedure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12338496\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to adopt would have been to appeal the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12987763\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 impugned}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12338496\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 decision of the Chief Magistrate, Buganda Road. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid9114915\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Needless to say the a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pplicant stated that the proper procedure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10910509\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was what was adopted and sought this court to reject the objection.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2502168\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10910509\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10835971\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The application in con}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10910509\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tention was brought under section 48 and section 50 of the Criminal Procedure }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Code }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10910509\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Act, Cap.116 of the Laws of Uganda. It \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is i}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid880986\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nstructive to cite those provisions where they are relevant to this matter. Section 48 thereof states:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10910509\charrsid3473716 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid880986\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The High Court may call for and examine the record of any }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 criminal proceedings before any m}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid880986\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 agistrate\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 c}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid880986\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ourt}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2374304\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for the purpose of satisfying itself a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order recorded or passed, and as to the regula }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rity of any proceedings of the m}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2374304\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 agistrate\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 c}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2374304\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ourt.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \rquote }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid880986\charrsid3473716 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2374304\charrsid3473716 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1461162\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hasten}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374304\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to add that the Provision of S.48 in no way }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid15336284\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 relates to the matter under cons\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ideration since court did not call for the record. There could however be some relevance in the Provision of S. 50(5) of the same Act wherein it states:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2374304\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15336284\charrsid3473716 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2120235\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (5) Any person aggrieved by any finding, sentence}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or order made or imposed by a m}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2120235\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 agistrate\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 c}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2120235\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ourt m\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ay petition the High Court to exercise its powers of revision under this section, but }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8019324\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 no such petition shall be entertained where the petitioner could have appealed against the finding, sentenc}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4539041\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e or order and has not appealed\hich\f0 \rquote }{ \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8019324\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15336284\charrsid3473716 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8019324\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3288074\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The emphasis above is added\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12086903\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419536\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Dou}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12086903\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 btless there wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7419536\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s no appeal and the preferred mo}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12086903\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 de of procedure was by petitioning for revision, a procedure that appears at a tangent with S. 50}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15421719\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (5) of the Criminal Procedure Code Act.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8019324\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5858172\charrsid3473716 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 What is at the core of this matter is contained at page 158 of t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he record. The record reads: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7419536\charrsid3473716 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5858172\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Court: This is a case of 2001. There is no one}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6424455\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 representing the state. I agree with Counsel for A4 and holding brief for the rest and I believe it is fit to close prosecution case at this moment. Let parties file written s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ubmissions by 19/01/2009.}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4987065\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Bail extended accordingly, let the state reply by 28/01}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7827661\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 /}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13052920\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 200}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8942372\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13052920\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . Matter for ruling date 02/02/2009. Bail extended accordingly}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7419536\charrsid3473716 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \rquote }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13052920\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5858172\charrsid3473716 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3473716 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13052920\charrsid3473716 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Looking at the above and indeed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5798505\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the entire record it is not clear to on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6969310\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e that an}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid5798505\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y conclusion to the c}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6969310\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5798505\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6969310\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 arrive}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5798505\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d at, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6969310\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 yet every case must come to a conclusion. For example was the prosecution case ever closed? It is sought by the applicant that this court issues an order for the revision and/or quashing of the decision of the Chief Magistrate made on \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16/12/2008, closing Prosecution\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s case }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409574\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the absence of representation for the state, before Mr. Ssaku Bathwell was cross-examined and other prosecution witne}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5798505\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sses testified, be revi}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12409574\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sed. Loose ends }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10055917\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 regrettably remain. It }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15476064\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is a} {\f0\fs24\insrsid10055917\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t such times that this court wo\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 uld be looked upon to administer substantive justice without}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12409574\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9850850\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 undue}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10055917\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 regard to technicalities,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15476064\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10055917\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Article 126 (2) (e)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9850850\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is invo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5798505\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 k}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9850850\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed. In any case a court of law cannot sanction what is illegal and illegality once brought to the attention of the court}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6379524\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15476064\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 iverrudes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6379524\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 all questions of pleading including admissions made thereon.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6969310\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2576345\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6379524\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 See }{\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid203645\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Makula International Ltd Vs His }{\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3828548\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Eminence}{ \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid203645\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Cardinal Nsubuga & Another \{1982}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3828548\charrsid3473716 \}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15476064\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 HCB 11.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7936665\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In my view provisions of S. 50(5) of the Criminal Procedure Code Act would pale in light of the above pr\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ovisions as }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid11039549\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 this court is already seized of the case in controversy. Clearly there is a matter crying out for investigation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372980\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by this court. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In consequence t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15476064\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6372980\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 objection fails. The application is to be heard to determine its merits. \par \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6372980\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P. K. MUGAMBA \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 JUDGE \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 17/09/2009}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2576345\charrsid3473716 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13052920\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13052920\charrsid3473716 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15421719\charrsid3473716 \par \par }}