[2002] UGHC 13

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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af34\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs28\insrsid2361368 \hich\af1\dbch\af34\loch\f1 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs28\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af34\insrsid2361368 \hich\af1\dbch\af34\loch\f1 IN THE CHIEF MAGISTRATES\hich\f1 \rquote \loch\f1 COURT OF MUBENDE HOLDEN AT KASSANDA \par }\pard\plain \s1\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368 CRIMINAL CASE No. MME. 134 OF 2002 \par }\pard\plain \s2\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368 UGANDA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PROSECUTOR \par }\pard\plain \s3\qc \li360\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\insrsid2361368 VERSUS \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid2361368 MUYANJA ERIFAZ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ACCUSED

\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs26\insrsid11338473 \par }{\b\f1\fs26\insrsid2361368 BEFORE:- }{\b\f1\fs26\ul\insrsid2361368 HIS WORSHIP A. D. A. G. LUWAGGA ESQ. ( MAGISTRATE}{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368 ) \par }{\b\f1\fs28\ul\insrsid11338473 \par }{\b\f1\fs28\ul\insrsid2361368 J U D G M E N T \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid11338473 \par }{\insrsid2361368 Eriphaz Muyanja, herein called the accused person was brought before court charged with being a forcible detainer contrary to section 73 of the Penal Code A ct. It was alleged in the charge sheet that during the month of August 2002 at Nsololo village, Kassanda sub-county in Mubende District; without any colour of right whatsoever, he held possession of Edita Nattabi\rquote s land as duly inherited from her }{\insrsid12850695 brother Misaeri Kyeyune}{\insrsid2361368 , in a manner likely to cause a breach of peace or reasonable apprehension a breach of peace against Edita Nattabi, who was by law entitled to the possession of the said land. He pleaded not guilty. This was a private prosecution case lodg ed direct with court }{\insrsid12850695 by Edita Nattabi }{\insrsid2361368 under section 41 (3) of the Magistrate\rquote s Courts Act 1970 and the complainant called two witnesses in a bid to prove her case beyond reasonable doubt. These were (PW2) Paul Muwanga, and Susani Kamya (PW3). \par \par The salient but brief facts of the case are as follows:- \par \par The late Yawasi Bajabagonda left land comprised on title block No. 339 Plot 1 situate at Nsololo Singo in Mubende District. He died in around 1930 and was survived by four daughters and one son. These were Y unia Namuyanja (late) Nanyonga Beatrice (late) Efrance Nabisisingiri (late) son Misaeri Kyeyune (late) and Edita Nattabi who is the complainant and the only surviving daughter of the late Bajabagonda. It was the complainant\rquote s case, that Misaeri Kyeyune had succeeded his late father but as fate would have it, he too died shortly but left no children. He was subsequently succeeded by a clan\rquote s man (half brother) Bulega Yosamu who also died but left no children. As the only surviving child of Bajabagonda, the complainant Nattabi looked around within the clan for a heir and successor for the lineage of the late Bajabagonda. She picked on the present accused person Eriphaz Muyanja so that he be installed and then effect the transfer of the title deed into his n ames for future administration of the estate. Before accomplishing this process, the accused person became chaotic. He started disposing off some portions of the burial ground and sold the same to Lugolobi. The complainant got disappointed with him and she denounced him as heir and successor. \par \par Complainant went on, that she later nominated Paulo Muwanga (PW2) to be the heir and successor of }{\insrsid12850695 Yosamu Bulega, Misaeri Kyeyune and ultimately heir to the great Bajabagonda Estate}{\insrsid2361368 and entrusted him with the duty of pursuing the opening up }{\insrsid12850695 boundaries }{\insrsid2361368 of the mentioned estate of Bajabagonda so as to finally care take the same. \par \par This did not please the accused person who had been }{\insrsid12850695 removed as the heir to the great Ancestral Bajabagonda}{\insrsid12850695\charrsid12850695 }{\insrsid12850695 Estate.}{\insrsid2361368 \par \par On 23/8/2002 he forcefully came back to Nsololo, claimed to be the proprietor of the estate, and asked the chairman to inform some tenants that he had stopped them from cultivating the land (exhibit P1). The instrument upon which the clan }{ \insrsid12850695 council}{\insrsid2361368 nominated }{\insrsid12850695 and confirmed }{\insrsid2361368 Paulo Muwanga as the heir was also tendered as exhibit P2. \par \par It was on the basis of the above action that the complainant brought this case against the accused for being a detainer. The evidence of PW2 Paulo Muwanga and that of PW3 Kamya, pointed to similar substan ce. That the accused wanted to forcefully occupy this l}{\insrsid12850695 and without any colour of right as he was no longer the heir to Yosamu Bulega, Misaeri Kyeyune or even the great Bajabagonda.}{\insrsid2361368 \par \par While on defence, accused defended that the complainant had bestowed upon him the authority of an heir and successor in 1998 and that he wrote to the tenants this year in August thinking that he was still one. That he never got to be informed that he had been disqualified or }{\insrsid4203828 removed}{\insrsid2361368 as a successor or heir. Muyanja defended, t hat the alleged sale of the burial ground was done through consensus with the complainant in a bid to raise 500,000/= to work out documents of surveying the land. He defended, that it was the clan head Susan Kamya who installed him as heir and he wondere d as to how he would have been removed without due notification to him. He further defended, that the four daughters of Bajabagonda each succeeded five acres of land at Mamunye and that this land at Nsololo was strictly in his command. He tendered the le t ter of the alleged clan head to the Chairman LC1 confirming his succession as exhibit D1 and the Chairman LC1 letter to the sub clan head (Olunyiriri) of Nakisinge as exhibit D.2. He prayed that case be dismissed and he be acquitted alleging that he thou ght he had colour of right. \par \par The evidence of Ekosani Naluswa (DW2) and that of Edward Semmanda (DW3) was similar in substance to that of the accused person. They confirmed that the accused is the true successor of the Estate of Bajabagonda. \par \par From the foregoing, this court has at hand only two issues to determine in this case. \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \f1\fs28\insrsid2361368 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (i)\tab}}\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\insrsid2361368 Whether the accused in dock is the legitimate successor and heir of the late }{\insrsid4203828 Yosamu Bulega, Misaeri Kyeyune and the great Bajabagonda }{\insrsid2361368 or his estate. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s17 \f1\fs28\insrsid2361368 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\insrsid2361368 Whether the accused person is guilty in terms of section 73 of the Penal code Act. \par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid2361368 \par In reply to the first issue, I must point it out that there is not a single scintilla of evidence pointing to the fact that the accused was enthroned as heir and successor}{\insrsid2033369 to the }{\insrsid15038260 Bajabagonda Estate}{\insrsid2361368 . He alleged that (PW3) Susan Kamya}{\insrsid15038260\charrsid15038260 }{\insrsid15038260 as a clan head}{\insrsid2361368 }{\insrsid15038260 installed him, }{\insrsid2361368 a thing Kamya himself denie}{\insrsid15038260 d}{\insrsid2361368 in totality. }{\insrsid15038260 Kamya confirmed on oath before this court that he installed Paulo Muwanga as heir and successor to Misaeri Kyeyune and the great Bajabagonda.}{\insrsid2361368 The complainan t himself also confirmed that she was just in process of introducing the accused as heir and the latter became disorganized before the introduction. The accused himself landed a death below to his otherwise good defence. He could not know when he was }{ \insrsid15038260 installed}{\insrsid2361368 , and where the ceremony took place. He does not even disclose which parties were present. I have further looked at the letter (exhibit D1) allegedly written by the sub clan head introducing the accused to the LC1 Chairman Semmanda. The words or c ontents in the letter are different from the signature below. It is un certain as to whether it was not a forged letter. Besides, the exhibit D.2 does not introduce Muyanja as the beneficiary to the clan head of Nankisige. It is dated 30/9/98 and it cle arly introduces the complainant }{\insrsid15038260 Edita Nattabi }{\insrsid2361368 and another Nabisisingiri as the beneficiaries. Indeed, there is no certification from the clan head Kafuuma of Butambala to fortify fact that the accused is the true heir. Indeed, there are no letters of admi nistration issued by any court of law, or certificate of no objection from the Administrator General to the effect that the accused ever succeeded }{\insrsid15038260 Yosamu Bulega, Misaeri Kyeyune or the great }{\insrsid2361368 Bajabagonda. Furthermore, there is no document to the effect that the accused engaged any surveyors to open up boundaries or that he has ever procured a title deed in that regard }{\insrsid15038260 as duly}{\insrsid2361368 transferred in his names.

\par \par The accused in his defence conceded, that it was the complainant who was bestowed with the authority of nominating and appointing }{\insrsid15038260 a }{\insrsid2361368 successor. }{\insrsid15038260 She is the only surviving biological daughter of the}{ \insrsid15038260\charrsid15038260 }{\insrsid15038260 great Bajabagonda and therefore had powers to appoint heir to Misaeri Kyeyune her brother as he died without a child. }{\insrsid2361368 It would be true that she is the one entrusted with powers to dismiss or disqualify one. I find it as a fact that the accused }{\insrsid15038260 messed }{\insrsid2361368 up things}{\insrsid15038260 ,}{\insrsid2361368 }{\insrsid15038260 disappointed the complainant Edita Nattabi }{\insrsid2361368 and he was subsequently disqualified}{\insrsid15038260 as heir by the clan.}{\insrsid2361368 I accordingly hold}{\insrsid4789240 ,}{\insrsid2361368 that there is no evidence qualifyi ng the accused to be the heir, successor or beneficiary of the estate of the late }{\insrsid4789240 great }{\insrsid2361368 Bajabagonda}{\insrsid4789240 , Misaeri Kyeyune or the subsequent Yosamu Bulega.}{\insrsid2361368 The complainant and the clan refused and rejected him to be one.}{\insrsid4789240 Paulo Muwanga was so legitimately installed.}{\insrsid2361368 \par \par I shall now embark on the second issue. The ingredients of s.73 of the Penal Code Act are very loud and clear. They underline words like \'93breach of peace\'94 and \'93without any colour of right\'94. It is this court\rquote s view that if somebody gets disqualifi ed from succeeding any estate after messing himself up, he goes a head to severe relationship with the complainant and he travels back to Mutetema but comes back to Nsololo and grabs land or evicts tenants after learning that a successor has been }{ \insrsid4789240 installed}{\insrsid2361368 , whereas he is not the son, grandson or brother of the late Bajabagonda}{\insrsid4789240 or his son Misaeri Kyeyune,}{\insrsid2361368 such action must constitute a breach of peace and without any colour of right. The ingredients of section 73 are therefore satisfied. Complainant has pro ved her case beyond reasonable doubt. Accused shall be found guilty contrary to section 73 of the Penal Code Act and I do convict him as charged. \par \par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\insrsid2361368 \par A. D. A. G. LUWAGGA, ESQ. \par }{\b\ul\insrsid2361368 MAGISTRATE \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs28\insrsid2361368 \par }{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 1/11/2002. \par }{\b\fs28\insrsid2361368 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs28\ul\insrsid2361368 \par }{\f1\fs28\ul\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 1/11/2002}{\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 :-}{\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 Accused present. \par Complainant present. \par Judgment read in open court. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 A. D. A. G. LUWAGGA, ESQ. \par }{\b\ul\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 MAGISTRATE \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 \par 1/11/2002. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs28\ul\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 \par Complainant}{\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 :- \par }\pard\plain \s4\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 Pray for serious sentence. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs28\ul\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs28\ul\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 Accused}{\f1\fs28\insrsid2361368\charrsid4789240 :- \par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid2361368 Pray for leniency. \par }{\ul\insrsid2361368 Court}{\insrsid2361368 :- \par Sentence to fine of 50,000/= in default six (06) months. Also to compensate the complainant 50,000/= under section 209 of Magistrates\rquote Courts Act 1970. \par \par }\pard \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\insrsid2361368 \par A. D. A. G. LUWAGGA, ESQ. \par }{\b\ul\insrsid2361368 MAGISTRATE \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs28\insrsid2361368 \par 7/11/2002. \par }}