[2000] UGHC 12

{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang2057\deflangfe2057{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f147\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;} {\f148\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f150\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f151\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f152\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);} {\f153\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f154\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f155\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{ \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \styrsid2845457 Normal (Web);}{\s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 \sbasedon0 \snext16 \styrsid13528286 footer;}{\*\cs17 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid13528286 page number;}} {\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid2845457\rsid3154619\rsid8345665\rsid13509161\rsid13528286\rsid13728225\rsid13833260\rsid14440404\rsid16324976}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11. 0.5604;}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator jchemeri}{\creatim\yr2001\mo1\dy3\hr3\min19}{\revtim\yr2001\mo1\dy3\hr3\min55}{\version5}{\edmins37}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords1824}{\nofchars10399}{\*\company JSI} {\nofcharsws12199}{\vern24689}}\paperw11906\paperh16838 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot2845457\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid13528286 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid13528286 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid13528286 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid13528286 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13728225\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1069983 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\insrsid13528286 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13833260 1}}}{\cs17\insrsid13528286 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4153\tqr\tx8306\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid13528286 {\insrsid13528286 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13509161 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line IN THE HIGH COURT UGANDA \line AT THE SESSION HOLDEN AT MTJBENDE \line CRIMINAL SESSION CASE NO. 30 OF 2000 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161 UGANDA}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161 :::::::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 PROSECUTOR \line VERSUS \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 NO. 125182 APOLLO }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161\charrsid13728225 BAKAHEBWA:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 :::::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161\charrsid13728225 ::}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161\charrsid13728225 ::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 :}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161\charrsid13728225 ::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161 ::::::::::::::::::::::::}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161\charrsid13728225 ::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ::}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161\charrsid13728225 ::}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 :: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ACCUSED }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13509161 {\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 BEFORE: THE HONOURABLE MR. AG. JUSTICE PAUL K. MUGAMBA. \line }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13509161 {\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 JUDGMENT }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13509161 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid13509161 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 The accused was indicted for rape contrary to section 117 and 118 of the Penal Code Act. The prosecution called a total of five witnesses, namely, Kotilda Nabutono (PW1 the complainant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 ),}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 Moses}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 Kiseny}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 i (PW2), Private Opolot Gabrie}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 l (PW3), Nakyambadde Rosemary (PW}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 4) and Dr Charles Kizza (PW5 a medical officer}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 ). }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 For the accused the only witness was the accused himself. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14440404 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 Briefly}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 the prosecution case was as follows. On the night of 7}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13528286 th}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 July 1998 PW1, an old woman aged about 70 years was sleeping alone n her house when a stranger broke into her house by forcing the }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 main}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 door inside. Against her will the stranger proceeded to have sexual }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 intercourse}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 with her. On }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 several occasions the stranger }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286\charrsid13728225 inserted}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 his penis in both her vagina }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 and her anus. He beat her up eve}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 r}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 y}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 time she tried}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 to resist}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13528286 or raise alarm. At one time PW1 tricked the strange}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 r that she was going to check on her door and ran outside in an effort to escape.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16324976 But the stranger soon caught }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 up with her and had sexual intercourse with her outside her house and forced her back inside the house. PW1 raised alarm several occasions but there was no answer to these. The stranger told PW1 that he was a soldier who had been}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 transferred from Gulu to the a}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 rmy detach at Kirawula and that he had been at Kirawula for two days so far. In the absence of any light PW1 was not able to see any features of the stranger on that dark night. The stranger continued to ha ve sexual intercourse with PW1 intermittently from about midnight to 7 a.m. In the morning PW1 was able to see }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619\charrsid13728225 the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 stranger clearly. At about 7 a.m the stranger demanded that PW1 accompany him and show him the road leading to Kirawula. PW1 was weak but managed to take the stranger to the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid3154619 road}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 leading to }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 Madudu}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 . Madudu is in a direction opposite to that of Kirawula. No sooner had PW1 parted company with the stranger than she headed for The house of PW2 and PW4. She g}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 ave a brief description of the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619\charrsid13728225 stranger}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 to the two and stated that she had left him heading for Madudu. PW2 immediately left PW1 at his home being nursed by PW4 and headed straight for the road to Madudu. Soon after, PW2 met a lone stranger on the road to Madudu near a swamp. The stranger, asked P W2 for the way to Kirawula barracks. PW2 offered to take the stranger, who he identified as the accused, to Kirawula on his bicycle. PW2 had to turn his bicycle to the opposite direction in }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619\charrsid13728225 order}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 o head }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 for}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Kirawula. On the way to Kirawula PW2 met a }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 so}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ldier called Kasozi who moved a}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 long with him and the stranger t}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 owards the barracks. The stranger told PW2 that he had spent the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619\charrsid13728225 previous}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 night with a certain woma}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 n. The accused who wanted to atte}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 nd the regular morning parade, was reluctant to enter the barracks through the quarter guard. PW3 told court how he had arrested accused after accused was handed over to him by PW2 and Kasozi. The accused had recently been transferred to Madudu detach at Kirawula, where PW3 served, in the past three days. PW4 had nursed PW1 at home and had observed fluids flowing from PW1\rquote s }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 v}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 agina. PW1, according to PW4, had much pain from her private parts. PW5, the medical officer, testified that there were signs of penetration such as inflamm}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 ation of the private parts and br}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 uises around the private parts. Accused denied being at the scene of crime, let alone havin}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 g sexual intercourse with PW1. \par In}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 order to successfully prosecute the offence of rape the state has to prove three ingredients which are: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3154619 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 (}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ) that there was unlawful carnal knowledge; \line (ii) that there was lack of consent. \line (iii) that }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 t was the accused who committed the offence. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid3154619 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 The first two ingredients shown above are not contested by the accused. What is contested however is whether it was the accused who committed the offenc e. In the result therefore, it should be the final ingredient to determine the course of this case. Suffice it to say the accused denied having ha}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 d sexual intercourse with the co}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 mp}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 lai}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 nant, PW1. He also denied being in her ab}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 ode at the time in question. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14440404 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 It is the duty of the prosecution to place the accused at the scene of crime. The accused is entitled to state, as he did under oath, that he was not present at the scene of crime at the alleged time. Where an accused puts forward an alibi in answer to a charge, he does not assume the burden of proving it. It is the duty of the prosecution to destroy or disprove it by adducing evidence which puts the accused at the scene of the crime at the material time. See the case of }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Sekitoleko Vs Uganda }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 [1967] EA 531. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 The prosecution on the other hand has to rely in the evidence of PW1. During the night there was no opportunity for PW1 to identify the person responsible for the act of sexual intercourse with her. At dawn she was able to see the person who had had sexu al intercourse with her. She accompanied the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3154619 person for a distance up to th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 e road to Madudu. She did not see that person again until she pointed him out in court when the person was in the dock. He was the only prisoner in the dock. PW1 did not know the accused before. She did not see him again b}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 efore court, let alone be availe}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 d opportunity to point him out at an identification parade. Neither PW1 nor PW2 relate to any particular features she could have pointed out to PW2 concerning the identity of the stranger. I }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 have}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 warned myself, as indeed I did to the gentlemen assessors concerning testimony of a single witnes}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 s regarding identification. As wa}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 s held in }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Nabulere & Anor }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 vs.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Uganda }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 [1979] HCB 77 such testimony must be accepted with great care, particularly so where conditions are such that they do not}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 favour easy identification. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \par See also }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Roria }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 vs.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 P. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 [19671 EA 583 and }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Abdalla bin Wendo & Anor }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 vs.}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 R (1953) 20 EACA 166. PW1 impressed me as a truthful witness and in court she did not hesitate in pointing accus ed out. She did not waver under cross examination either. PW2 told court that following what PW1 had told him regarding the direction the stranger had taken, he had taken the road to Madudu where indeed, he had met a stranger who is now accused, who said he was a soldier looking for the way to Kirawula. He went a head and took the stranger to Kirawula where the accused was arrested. PW3 Pte}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 Opolot}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 told court that accused was indeed a soldier stationed at Kirawula. PW3 confirmed also the accused had been at the detach for the past three days, a period not dissimilar to the period disclosed by the stranger of the night to PW1. Clearly the accused had not spent the night within the detach. The house of PW1 is within the vicinity of the detach. Accused had als o told PW2 that he had spent the night with a woman. In }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Simon Musoke }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 vs.}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 R }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 [1958] EA 715 the Court of Appeal for Eastern Africa held that in a case depending exclusively upon circumstantial evidence court must find before deciding upon conviction that the in}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 culpatory facts were }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 incompatible with the innocence o}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 f the accused and incapable of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 explanation upon any other reasonable hypothesis than that of guilt. The same August court quoted the case of }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Teper }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 vs.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 R }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 (2) [1952] A. C.480 at page 489 which stated: \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8345665 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \'93It is also necessary before drawing the inference of the accused\rquote s gilt from circumstant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 ial evidence to be sure that }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 there are no other co-existing circumstances which would weaken or destroy the inference.\'94 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid14440404 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 In his defence the accused denied responsibil ity. Significantly he did not appear startled by the allegation against him. He said he and PW2 were known to each other, having trained together at Kabamba. He stated that PW2 and PW3 had conspired to plant the offence against him because he had given PW 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 a loan of Shs. 50}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 ,000/= which PW2 had been reluctant to pay back. He said further that PW2 and PW3 wante}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 d eventually to get Shs. 2000, 000}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 /}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 =}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 from him which they would invest in some business. At no time were PW2 and PW3 cross examined by the defence regardin g these serious allegations by the accused. Again were it true that the offence was a frame up the sequence of coincidences is striking. Accused happened to be roaming in an unfamiliar area on the night in issue, the area being the area in which the offen c e took place. The man who raped PW1 on the same night has a soldier who had been transferred to Kirawula recently, just like accused. The man who raped PW1 had been transferred to Kirawula from Gulu, just like accused. It is noteworthy that in his defence

accused also mentioned that he had given a loan to PW2 a month earlier. According to the evidence of PW3 and the fact that PW2 had found accused looking for the way to the barracks the accused had recently arrived in the locality. The fact that accused se emed not to know where he wanted to go the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 morning he was arrested also }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 lends credibility to the fact that he was the man who went to the house of PW1. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 I have stated how uneasy I would be to reach a decision on identification in the evidence of PW1 alo ne, persuasive as it appears. I have warned the assessors on the need to have that evidence corroborated. According to }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Chila & Anor }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665\charrsid13728225 vs.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 R }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 [1967] EA 722 court may convict on the evidence of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 a complaint in sexual offences. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Nevertheless as a matter of practice court always looks for corroboration. Court should warn itself and the assessors of the danger of convicting on the uncorroborated testimony of a complainant particularly where consent is in issue. It is upon being satisfied with the truthfulness of the testimony that it can proceed and convict. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 I am satisfied that the prosecution has proved the identity of the accused and put him at the scene. The evidence of PW1 who I found a truthful witness has been buttressed by circumstantial evidence. The gentlemen assessors have given me their opinion and in their joint opinion they advise me to convict the accused. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8345665 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 The accused is convicted of the offence of rape accordingly.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 Paul K. Mugamba AG. JUDGE}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \line 27/03/2000 \line

\par 2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 7/03/2000 \line Accused in court. \line Ms Nandaula SSA for state \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13728225 Mr.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Kamya holding brief for Ms Bugembe \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Assessors present. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13728225 Mr.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 Ssubi Court Clerk/ Interpreter \line Judgement read in open court. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 Paul K. Mugamba }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 AG. JU}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 DG}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 E}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line 27/03/2000 \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 ALLOCUTUS }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 Ms Nandaula:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line The convict is a first offender. He has been convicted of a serious offence of rape carrying a ma ximum death sentence. The manner in which this offence was committed was very brutal. Accused attacked an old woman fit to be his grandmother and assaulted her and had sexual intercourse with her by force several times. This court has a duty to protect so ciety such as the victim from the likes of the convict. The conduct of accused shows he is a dangerous person to society. I pr}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 ay for a deterrent sentence. \line }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 Mr.}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 Kamya:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line Accused is a young man aged 37 years old. He has been on remand for 2 years. He has very young children and a }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 wife. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 He is a first offender who can reform. I pray for a lenient sentence. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 Accused:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line I have one arm. I have spent a long time on remand. I never committed the offence. \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 SENTENCE }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line I have heard the submissions of both counsel. This o ffence carries a maximum sentence of death in some circumstances. The offence was committed on an old woman in a very brutal manner by a member of a disciplined force. His act is a shame to him and he should be punished for it. I sentence him to six years imprisonment. The period he has been on remand shall be taken into account. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 Paul K.}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 M}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 ug}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 a}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 mba}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 AG. JUDGE.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \line Accused has a right to appeal this decision within 14 days of today. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260\charrsid13833260 Paul K. Mugamba }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13833260 AG. JUDGE. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13833260 27/03 /2000 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14440404 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2845457\charrsid13728225 \par }}