[2004] UGHC 8

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl720\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT RUKUNGIRI \par }\pard\plain \s4\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\insrsid7733404 CASE NO: HCT-05-CR-SC-0037 OF 2002 \par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs32\insrsid1248514 \par }{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 UGANDA ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: PROSECUTOR \par }\pard\plain \s3\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 VERSUS \par }\pard\plain \s1\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 OWAKUBARIHO PAUL ALIAS KAGURI}{ \f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 ::::::::::: ACCUSED \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f1\fs32\insrsid1248514 \par }{\b\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 BEFORE: }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 HON. MR. JUSTICE D. N. MANIRAGUHA \par }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid1248514 \par }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 J U D G M E N T}{\b\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 :- \par }\pard\plain \s2\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 The accused is facing the charge of defilement contrary to section 123 (1) of the Penal Code Act and the particulars allege that \'93OWAKUBALIHO PAUL alias KAGURI on the 2}{\super\insrsid7733404 nd}{\insrsid7733404 day of September 2000 at Katembe Cell Kiringa Parish in Rukungiri District had unlawful sexual intercourse with AKAMPURIRA ELIZABETH a girl under the age of 18 years\'94. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 In brief it is the prosecution case that on that day Elizabeth Akampurira was at their home when the accused went there and asked her to go an d help him look for a hen. That on the way he turned against her and had forceful sexual intercourse with her in a banana plantation. After that the girl went back home and when her mother Tumuhairwe Robina returned from the garden she was made aware of the incident whereof she set the process in motion that finally led to the arrest and prosecution of the accused person. \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 \par On the other hand it is the defence story that on that day the accused took his radio for repair and left his home at around 10.00a.m. He was at the repairer\rquote s place up to around 2.00p.m. when the repair work was complete and he left the place reaching their nearby Trading Centre at around 3.30p.m. where he stayed till 5.00p.m. It is at that time that he says that the LC1 Chairman c alled Mwebesa Stephene arrested him alleging that he had had sexual intercourse with Tumuhairwe\rquote s child \endash Akampurira Elizabeth. \par The issues raised by the above averments on both sides are:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f1\fs32 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-465\li465\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx465\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin465\itap0 {\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 Whether the girl was below 18 years at the time. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f1\fs32 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 b)\tab}Whether there was any sexual intercourse with the unlawfully. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f1\fs32 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 c)\tab}Whether it was the accused person responsible. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 \par }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Uganda Vs Stephen Mulengera [1994-1995] HCB 28}{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 . \par \par The prosecution did call the girl and her mother Tumuhairwe Robina. Court had a chance to see the girl in court and made its own observations as to the girl\rquote s age. \par \par Mr Ndimbirwe, learned counsel for the accused conceded that issue of age. From all the above it is found proved that the girl was below 15 years. \par \par On the issue of unlawful sexual intercourse with the girl, it was Mr Ndimbirwe\rquote s submission that it had not been satisfactorily proved in as much as the prosecution relied on the girl\rquote s testimony, and she being a minor, corroboration is needed as by law and practice, which corroboration he contends is lacking since no medical evidence was adduced in support. \par \par Looking at the law from decided cases the position is as put by Mr Waninda, learned State Attorney, that whereas it is desirable to have medical evidence in a case as this, it is not mandatory and failure to adduce it is not fatal so long as there is other cogent evidence that can sufficiently prove the fact. \par \par See: }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Badru Mwidu Vs Uganda Crim. Appeal No. 1/97 [1994-1995] HCB 11}{\b\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 }{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 and }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Bassita Hussein Vs Uganda Crim. Appeal No. 35/95}{ \f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 S. C. \par In the present case the girl victim testified before court how she was lured into the act of sexual intercourse. She graphically described what took place leaving no doubt as to the nature of the act being sexual intercourse. \par \par I am aware of the legal need and practice to look for corroboration in a case as this, but after due warning court can still convict if it is satisfied that the girl could not but have told the truth. }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Chila Vs R [1967] EA 722 }{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 and }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Kaija Moses Vs Uganda Criminal Appeal No. ,\'85. At pages 6-7}{\b\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 . }{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 \par \par Secondl y corroboration is provided by the testimony of her mother Robina Tumuhairwe (PW1) who told court how she found her daughter bleeding from her private parts and on being asked what the cause was she revealed her ordeal with a man who sexually assaulted he r. This woman described the ghastly effect on the girl\rquote s private parts a fact confirmed by PW4 Mwebesa Stephene to whom the girl was immediately taken since he was the LC1 Chairman of the area. \par \par This girl struck me as a very truthful witness, stood firm a nd was uncontroverted in her testimony. At her tender age of 8 years when testifying she still stood her ground despite the cross-examination. I saw no need to doubt her and do believe her. The act of sexual intercourse is satisfactorily proved by her evidence and there is adequate corroboration from independent testimony of those other two witnesses. So the issue is answered in the positive. \par \par Lastly on whether it was the accused responsible. His defence is an alibi as outlined above. He does not bear the burden of proving it but the prosecution has to adduce evidence rebutting it and placing the accused at the scene, then sufficiently connecting him with it. \par \par }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid7733404\charrsid1248514 Sirasi Kisembo Vs Uganda Crim. }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Appeal No. 13/98, }{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 and }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Safari Innocent Vs Uganda Crim. Appeal No. 20 of 1995 (CRIM) 1996/2000 page 12}{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 . \par \par What then is the weight of this alibi as against the prosecution evidence? \par \par One guideline in such a case is that for an accused carries much weight it should have been at the earliest time (at police) so as to ena ble the prosecution to investigate the same. A late alibi raised on the trial becomes suspect as possibly an afterthought. \par \par }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid7733404\charrsid1248514 Festo Anderoa Asenua & Anor Vs Uganda Crim. }{\b\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Appeal No. 1/1998}{\b\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 S. C. \par \par }\pard\plain \s5\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 In this case the accused \lquote s story does not ring true. That he was away the whole day only to be arrested at the trading centre after 5.00p.m. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid7733404 \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 The girl victim knew the accused so well as to know even his source of livelihood as hunting and his dogs. She used to pass near his home on the way to the well and he ad mits this knowledge. So she could not be mistaken in pin pointing him as the time of event was during the day after a conversation, going together for a distance, and her immediate report all bear no possibility of mistaken identity. \par \par The accused person\rquote s version is too far fetched to be true and is inherently incredible that it is rejected to the preference of the prosecution version. The alibi duly fails and is used as corroboration against him. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid7733404\charrsid1248514 Moses Kasana Vs Uganda Crim. }{\b\ul\insrsid7733404 Appeal No. 12/1981 S. C. at page 7}{\insrsid7733404 . \par \par Moreover, even the conduct of the accused in escaping from arrest assisted by his brother, then running away from the village till he was traced in another village where he had gone to hide also adds strength to the prosecution case and to his res ponsibility. \par \par See: }{\b\ul\insrsid7733404 Bogere Charles Vs Uganda Crim. Appeal No. 10/98 S. C.}{\insrsid7733404 \par \par As for the defence of a grudge set up by the accused the court considers and rejects the same because there is evidence of actual defilement and not mere simulation of it. No par ent could have torn her daughter so much and subjected her to such trauma just to get even with the accused. \par }{\b\ul\insrsid7733404 Ntambi Vs Uganda Crim. Appeal No. 19/98, }{\insrsid7733404 and }{\b\ul\insrsid7733404 Augustine Rwamuhizi Vs Uganda Crim. Appeal No. 15/96 (C. A.)}{\b\insrsid7733404 }{\insrsid7733404 (unreported). \par \par Having thus analyzed t he evidence in light of principles of law, I am in no doubt that the prosecution has proved all the ingredients beyond reasonable doubt, and in agreement with the unanimous opinion of the gentlemen assessors I do convict him of defilement contrary to sect ion 123 (1) of the Penal Code Act. \par \par }{\b\insrsid7733404 \par \par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid7733404\charrsid1248514 D. N. MANIRAGUHA \par J U D G E \par }{\b\insrsid7733404 31/02/2004. \par }{\insrsid7733404 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid7733404 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 31/02/2004}{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 :- \par Accused in court. \par Ndimbirwe for the accused. \par Mr Wandinda for the state. \par Ms Namara Court clerk. \par Judgment pronounced. \par \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid7733404 \par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid7733404\charrsid1248514 D. N. MANIRAGUHA \par J U D G E \par }{\b\insrsid7733404 31/02/2004. \par }{\insrsid7733404 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Mr Wandinda}{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 :- \par The prosecution is not in possession of the convict\rquote s previous record. But the offence is serious with a maximum sentence of death. The circumstances of the offence were grave. He deceived a very young child of five years to help him chase a hen, then turned into a beast against an innocent child and defiled her. \par \par We have evidence that he joined the two systems (anal and vaginal) in the act. In these circumstances I pray for a deterrent sentence to deter him and other potential offenders. \par \par }{\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Mr Ndimbirwe}{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 :- \par The convict has been on remand since 2000 and we request that this be taken into account when passing sentence. The convict has reflected on his actions and regrets this. I pray for leniency coupled with the fact that he is a first offende r. He is still a young man married with a family. \par \par }{\f1\fs32\ul\insrsid7733404 Court}{\f1\fs32\insrsid7733404 :- \par The convict is treated as a first offender. He has shown remorse. But the offence is serious and horrific in the circumstances that have led to permanent injury on the girl. The victim was a ch ild of five years at the time and has to live with this trauma all her life. \par \par Society deserves protection from the likes of the convict by imposition of protective and deterrent sentence. \par \par Considering that the convict has been on remand since 2000, but aware of the gravity of the offender a commensurate sentence of twelve (12) years imprisonment is passed against the convict. He is duly sentenced. \par \par Right of Appeal is explained. Accused is committed. \par \par }\pard\plain \s18\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f1\fs32\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid7733404 \par }{\b\lang1040\langfe1033\langnp1040\insrsid7733404\charrsid1248514 D. N. MANIRAGUHA \par J U D G E \par }{\b\insrsid7733404 31/02/2004. \par }}