[2003] UGHC 111

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\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1301762627}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1301762627\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\pgptbl {\pgp\ipgp0\itap0\li0\ri0\sb0\sa0}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid340286\rsid1002722\rsid1137692 \rsid1864036\rsid2171737\rsid4069514\rsid4353474\rsid6114711\rsid10776734\rsid11434209\rsid12542156\rsid12745322\rsid13529390}{\mmathPr\mmathFont34\mbrkBin0\mbrkBinSub0\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1} {\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator rakello}{\creatim\yr2010\mo11\dy23\hr8\min34}{\revtim\yr2010\mo12\dy14\hr12\min23}{\version5}{\edmins43}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1139}{\nofchars5163}{\nofcharsws6290}{\vern32859}} {\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot2171737\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12542156\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA \line HOLDEN AT TORORO }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1002722 HCT-04-CR-SC-282/2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 002 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692 UGANDA\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. PROSECUTIONS \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692 VRS \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692 WERE FRANK\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85ACCUSED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 BEFORE THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 ON. LADY JUSTICE FAITH MWONDHA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 RULING }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 The accused person was indicted on a charge of de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 filement c/s 123(1) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 Penal Code Act. It was alleged that the accused Were Frank between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 7th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 February and }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 6th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 May 202 at Bulubi village in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 Busia District unlawfully had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 sexual intercourse with Zainabu Barasa a g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 irl under the age of 18 years. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 In all criminal cases always the burden is on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 prosecution to prove the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 beyond reasonable doubt to bring the guilt of the accused pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 rson home. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 In a defilement case there are three ingredients to be prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 d beyond reasonable doubt:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 That the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 was under 18 years of age.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 That she experienced unl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 awfully sexual intercourse. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 That it\rquote s the accused who participated in the unla}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 wful sexual intercourse. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 At the close of the prosecution case Counsel for the accused made a submission of no case to answer. He argued that the evidence of the prosecution established that ingredient 2 and 3 were established but that the first ingredient of the victim being under 18 years of age had not. He said that PWI\rquote s evidence was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 inconsistent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 as she said that she was told by her mother that she was born }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12745322 on 22/2/1986 but later she admitted that she told the accused that she was 19 years and again later said that she was not sure of her age as she had never seen her Birth Certificate. He argued that PW2\rquote s evidence was not truthful and therefore not reliable because he was denying obvious things. The father said that he lost the Birth Certificate of the victim. Then he said that PW3 medical report was based on what PW2 told him he never made any independent examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12745322 After careful perusal of the evidence as given by the prosecution, \'93a prima facie case is one on which a reasonable tribunal properly directing its mind on the law and evidence could convict if no explanation is offered.\'94 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1864036 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1864036 In paragraph \'93H\'94 a quotation from Prof. Glanville L. Williams in his text book on Criminal Law [1953] at page 695 it was said among others\'85that at this state, \'93it\rquote s the duty of the Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1864036\charrsid2777059 to decide whether there is any reasona}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1864036 ble evidence for the jury and to withdraw the case if he/she considers that there is none.\'94 The question the Judge has to decide is whether there is any reasonable evidence on which the jury can reasonably find that the fact is proved. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4353474 In this case it was very crucial that the age of the victim was proved. PW1 was doubtful of her age because she said she had never seen her Birth Certificate though she told Court that she was 17 years. Its true that her inconsistencies were explained as she told Court she wanted to get married to the accused and that is why she lied that she was 19 years of age.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12745322 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4353474 The explanations have to be properly made not just making explanations improperly. The victim was repeatedly contradicting herself which made the explanations not to be proper. This cas e on her testimony that she was making deliberate lies and could not be considered minor. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 PW2 told Court that the first time she disappeared and came back. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 lied to him that, she had gone to see her mother. That when PW2 inquired from her mother he was told that she was not there. This also cast doubt on my mind that, she was telling a lot of deliberate lies hence}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 the cause of inconsistencies. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 The father PW2 testified that she was bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12745322 rn on 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid12745322\charrsid12745322 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12745322 February 1986 at 9:00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 a.m in the village. That he had a Birth Certificate which was stolen together with the properties which were robbed of him. He sa id that he made a report at Busia Police but that the Birth Certificate was not listed as one of the stolen items. PW2 had divorced the mother of the victim but he was still in contact with her, since he told Court that he found out from her if the victim had been to her place. There is no reason why the mother didn\rquote t come to Court to testify ab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 out the age of her daughter. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 Since there was no Birth Certificate. This was a deliberate omission by the father of the victim, that I just could believe him outri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 ght, that the child was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 born as he stated to be conclusive authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 the date of birth of the victim. The medical evidence fell too short of corroboration of PW2\rquote s testimony in regard to the age of the victim. PW3 the doctor who purported to examine the victim, did it with Busia Police Station, it lasted between 8-10 minutes because he was merely asking PW2 ab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 out the history of the victim. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 PW2 had an interest in the matter and whatever PW2 told PW3 is what was put on the medical form as far as th e age was concerned. When I looked at the medical form, the doctor stated that the victim was 16 years but in Court on oath he said she was estimated to be 16 years. When he was questioned further, he said that the parent of the victim showed him a baptis m card which stated the date of bi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 rth. This showed that even PW3\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 s evidence about age could not be relied upon. The victim was Zainab a Muslim. How could the parent of Zainab by the name of Salim Baraza produce a baptism card to assist the doctor come to a logical conclusion as to the date of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 birth?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 As an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 afterthought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 , he said that he carried out dentilation. The fact of dentilation was too }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 farfetched}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 becaus}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 e of the time be bought it in. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 It was therefore obvious that the age couldn\rquote t be ascertained by PW3 either. Since the first ingredient of whether the victim was under the age of 18 years was not established, the rest of the two ingredients fell by the way side. My receiving on the above foregoing is that, the sexual intercourse becomes unlawful und er defilement because the victim is under 18 years of age. If she is above 18 years it becomes unlawful, carnal knowledge without consent of the woman or girl and the accused would be charged with rape }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 c/s 117 of the Penal Code Act. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 As such I find that the re is no reasonable evidence on which the Assessors can find that the fact is proved. Accordingly there is no prima facie case to require the accused to give his defence. I find him not guilty and he is acquitted under S.71 (1) of the T. I. D. He should be released and set free unless if he is being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1137692 held on other lawful charges. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 F. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 MWONDHA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1137692\charrsid1137692 JUDGE \par 27/3/2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid1137692 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2171737\charrsid1137692 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql 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