[2008] UGHC 40

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)}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid13578078 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527718\charrsid13578078 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid13578078 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par HCT-02-CV-CS-0056-2001 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid13578078 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid13578078 WILLIAM ABURA :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid13578078 VERSUS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid13578078 ATTORNEY GENERAL:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: DEFENDANT \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476766\charrsid13578078 BEFORE: }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476766\charrsid13578078 THE HONOURABLE MR. JU}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16285429\charrsid13578078 STICE AUGUSTUS}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476766\charrsid13578078 KANIA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8527718\charrsid13578078 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476766\charrsid13578078 \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476766\charrsid13578078 JUDGMENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid476766\charrsid13578078 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333622\charrsid13578078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 \par The Plaintiff William Abura}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5723804\charrsid13578078 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 brings this claim against the Attorney General seeking for general, special and exemplary damages for unlawful arrest, false imprisonment and torture. \par \par According to the plaintiff, the facts constituting the cause of action are that on the 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 day of June 2000, soldiers of the Local Defence Unit/UPDF stationed at Omoro barracks in Moroto county, Lira District unlawfully arrested the plaintiff from his home at Abukamola, Moroto County, Lira Dis trict. He was taken to Omoro barracks and forwarded to Orum barracks where he was detained for 10 days. He was later transferred to Lira barracks where he was detained for a further 10 days. It is alleged that while so detained he was caned three times with 30 strokes each time and made to do hard labour all on grounds that he was in possession of a gun. On the 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 day of July 2002 the Plaintiff was released without any charge being preferred against him in any Court of law. The plaintiff alleges that the above arrest and detention caused }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472384\charrsid13578078 him untold suffering, damage, lo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 ss and embarrassment at the hands of soldiers who were employees and servants of the Government of Uganda acting in the course and within the scope of their employment. Hence this suit. \par \par The defence in his Written Statement of Defence denied the averments of the plaintiff and denied liability for the suffering, loss, damage and embarrassment, the plaintiff alleges he underwent. \par \par At the commencement of the hearing of this suit the following issues were framed for determination namely:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-876\li1236\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1236\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1236\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 hether the plaintiff was arrested and detained by soldiers. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 hether the arrest and detention was lawful \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 hether the soldiers were acting in the course of their employment. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4654391\charrsid13578078 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 hether the Attorney General is vicariously liable. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}whether the plaintiff suffered any damages or loss. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}what remedies are available to the plaintiff if any. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 \par The plaintiff called two witnesses in support of his case namely PW1 Alfred Odongo and the plaintiff himself PW2 William Abura. The defendant did not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472384\charrsid13578078 call an}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 y witnesses. \par \par PW1 Alfred Odongo testified that at the time of the incident he was the LCI Secretary of Akai/Debe village where the plaintiff was also a resident. On the 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 day of June 2000 soldiers at Omoro detach lodged a complaint with him that the plaintiff was in illegal possession of a gun, left at his home by a soldier. It was his evidence that specifically }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4409321\charrsid13578078 this complaint was lodged by a soldier No. UD 3131 Charles Ojara. The witness accordingly wrote a letter summoni ng the plaintiff to explain the accusation against himself. When the plaintiff reported to him, the soldiers arrested him, he was taken to his home, his home was searched and though nothing was found he was taken to Omoro detach and then forwarded to Oru m barracks. PW1 Alfred Odongo further testified that when he tried to visit the plaintiff at Orum barracks, the soldie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648024\charrsid13578078 rs chased him away. He next saw}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4409321\charrsid13578078 the plaintiff on 6/8/2000 when he reported to the witness after being released from detention. The plain tiff informed PW1 Alfred Odongo that he had been severally tortured while in detention and the witness saw the plaintiff walking with the aid of a stick and limping. \par \par PW2 William Abura, the plaintiff testified that on 2000, he received a letter dated 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid4409321\charrsid13578078 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4409321\charrsid13578078 June 2000 signed by PW1 Alfred Odongo summoning him to answer allegations that one Ogwal a soldier of Omoro military detach had left his gun with him. When he reported to PW1 Alfred Odongo he was arrested by 15 soldiers who took him to his home and searc hed it for a gun. He testified that when no gun was found he was taken to Omoro barracks where he was beaten with sticks in an attempt to make him confess to the illegal possession of a gun. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4409321\charrsid13578078 It is PW2 William Abura\rquote s evidence further that he was taken t o Orum, military barracks the same day where he was again beaten and thrown down. As a result of this assault he broke his hip and while detained there he slept on grass and a wet floor and was fed on badly cooked beans and maize meal once a day. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2780361\charrsid13578078 After h aving been detained for twenty days at Orum barracks he was transferred to Gulu but taken the same day to Lira barracks from where he was released on the 6/8/2000. He also testified that on his release he was unable to walk as a result of the injuries he sustained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4409321\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2780361\charrsid13578078 \par With regard to the first issue whether the plaintiff was arrested by soldiers PW1 Alfred Odongo testified that following a complaint by soldiers stationed at Omoro military detach that the plaintiff was in possession of a gun he summoned the plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648024\charrsid13578078 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2780361\charrsid13578078 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648024\charrsid13578078 W}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2780361\charrsid13578078 hen the latter reported in compliance with the summons he was arrested by 15 soldiers who took the plaintiff to his home and had it searched but found no gun. He testified that the main complai}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648024\charrsid13578078 na}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2780361\charrsid13578078 nt against the plaintiff was a soldier (MD 3139 Og wal Charles). It was also his evidence that the plaintiff was then taken to Omoro barracks and the same day transferred to Orum barracks and eventually to Lira military police barracks. When he tried on two occasions to visit the plaintiff in Orum barra c ks the soldiers chased him away. The evidence of PW2 William Abura with regard to the fact of his arrest is identical to that of PW1 Alfred Odongo. Hon. Omara Atubo learned counsel for the plaintiff invited me on the strength of the above evidence to fi nd that the plaintiff was arrested and detained by the soldiers of the Government of Uganda. \par \par With regard to whether the arrest and detention of the plaintiff was lawful or not counsel invited me to look at the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code Act relating to powers of arrest }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134579\charrsid13578078 bestowed on the police while arresting civilians without an arrest warrant. He pointed out Section 10 of the Criminal Procedure Code only envisages the following conditions namely:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1134579\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-624\li984\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx984\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin984\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134579\charrsid13578078 Any person suspected upon reasonable grounds of having committed a cognisable offence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1134579\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Any person who commits }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648024\charrsid13578078 a breach of the peace i}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9587488\charrsid13578078 n the police man\rquote s presence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9982535\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9982535\charrsid13578078 Any person who obstructs a police officer while on execution of his duty or who has escaped or attempts to escape from lawful custody. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9982535\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}Any army deserter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10381479\charrsid13578078 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10381479\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}Any person found in the night, and who is suspected upon reasonable grounds for having committed or being about to commit a felony.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5189252\charrsid13578078 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5189252\charrsid13578078 \par Hon. Omara Atubo submitted that since the plaintiff was arrested not by police without an arrest warrant and in the absence of the condition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11551841\charrsid13578078 s laid down in section 10 of the Proce}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14438968\charrsid13578078 dure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11551841\charrsid13578078 Code Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1648024\charrsid13578078 his arrest should be found to have been unlawful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11551841\charrsid13578078 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7428033\charrsid13578078 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14438968\charrsid13578078 Counsel}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7428033\charrsid13578078 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7428033\charrsid13578078 argued that even if the defendant were to argue that the plaintiff was arrested by the soldiers as private citi zens}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10382906\charrsid13578078 under the provisions of Section 15 of the Criminal Procedure Code Act, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12672326\charrsid13578078 the arrest should still be unlawful in that they did not hand over the plaintiff to a police officer but continued }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683039\charrsid13578078 to unlawfully detain him fo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6581017\charrsid13578078 r more than twenty days far i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683039\charrsid13578078 n excess of the consti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6581017\charrsid13578078 tutional 48 hours. Counsel arg}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683039\charrsid13578078 ed me to answer the second issue in the negative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2780361\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4088844\charrsid13578078 \par Apart from the defendant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8945292\charrsid13578078 adducing no evidence during the trial Mr. Mwaka, the learned State Attor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14628222\charrsid13578078 ney did not file any submission.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4088844\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9373271\charrsid13578078 \par As regards whether the plaintiff was arrested and detained by soldiers there is the overwhelming evidence of PW1 Alfred Odongo that the plaintiff was arrested by a group of 15 soldiers who took him to his home, had it searched and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15159395\charrsid13578078 later detained the plaintiff in Omoro and Orum barracks respectively}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8407811\charrsid13578078 . PW2 William Obura corroborated the above evidence and only added that he was also detained at Lira Military Police barracks and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid742527\charrsid13578078 taken}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8407811\charrsid13578078 to Gulu where the military authorities said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5460264\charrsid13578078 they did not find any reason for his detention. The defence d id not adduce any evidence to dispute the arrest of the plaintiff by sold}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16209104\charrsid13578078 iers of the Government of Uganda. I accordingly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 find it as a fact that the plaintiff was arrested by members of the Army of the Government of Uganda. The first issue is answered in the affirmative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9373271\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 \par As regards the second i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12783902\charrsid13578078 ssue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 of whether the arrest of the plaintiff was lawful, it is now }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386355\charrsid13578078 trite}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 that once a plaintiff has proved that he was arrested the burden is on the defendant to prove the arrest was lawful. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8532729\charrsid13578078 Ongu Tirence vs Attorney General }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615512\charrsid13578078 (unreported) Gulu HCCS No. 104.2001}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615512\charrsid13578078 . \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12547214\charrsid13578078 In the instant case the plaintiff was according to the evidence on record arrested contrary to the provisions of Section 10 of the Criminal Procedure Code Act without a warrant by soldiers who }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid162939\charrsid13578078 in normal circumstances don\rquote t have powers of arrest of civilians. And having arrested the plaintiff contrary to the provisions of the law the plaintiff was kept in custody for up 20 days far in excess of 48 hours limit prescribed by law within which to bring a suspect arrested before a court of law. In as far as the plaintiff was arrested by soldiers without a warrant and kept in custody far}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12545204\charrsid13578078 in excess of the 48 hours limit within which a suspect arrested must be produced in court, I find both the arrest and the detention of the plaintiff to have been unlawful. The second issue is answered in the negative.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3615512\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582122\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021756\charrsid13578078 As regards the third issue whether the soldiers were acting in the course and within the scope of their duties, the evidence of PW1 Alfred Odongo is that the soldie rs at Oromo Military detach lodged a complaint that the plaintiff was in possession of a gun left at his home by a soldier. In tracing this gun the soldiers arrested the plaintiff, had his home searched and later detained him in Omoro, Orum and Lira mili tary barracks respectively. As this court held in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021756\charrsid13578078 Ongu Terence vs Attorney General }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295927\charrsid13578078 (supra}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021756\charrsid13578078 )}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2295927\charrsid13578078 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021756\charrsid13578078 The function of the army and soldiers is to provide security to all citizens of Uganda. To do this they have to ensure that there is no threat to the security of the property and persons of the citizens. This includes making sure that no unauthorised person gets hold of fire arms and more so weapons issued to the Army. In this particular case the soldiers intended to recover a gun which was military issue. In t his the soldiers were acting within the scope of their employment, though they exceeded their mandate by arresting and detaining the plaintiff. I find that the soldiers who arrested and detained the plaintiff were acting in the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1252081\charrsid13578078 cause and within the scope }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8273319\charrsid13578078 of their employment. It is now trite that once an employee or servant }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 has been proved to be acting within the scope of his employment it is irrelevant that his acts were negligent deliberate, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1142616\charrsid13578078 wanton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 or even criminal. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 See }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 Muwonge vs Attorney General [1967] E. A 17}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 In the instant case I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14375057\charrsid13578078 find the soldiers were acting i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 n the cause of their employment though their actions against the plaintiff were }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14375057\charrsid13578078 tort}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15219012\charrsid13578078 ous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5309468\charrsid13578078 . I answer this issue in the affirmative.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5589640\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796524\charrsid13578078 \par With regard to whether the Attorney General is vicariously liable the position is that once the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14375057\charrsid13578078 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796524\charrsid13578078 ortfeasor has been identified as the servant or employee of the defendant and proved that he was acting as the cause of his employment the employer automatically becomes vicariously liable }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796524\charrsid13578078 See }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796524\charrsid13578078 Jovelyn Banigahare vs Attorney General}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14438968\charrsid13578078 SCCA No 28/93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429638\charrsid13578078 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796524\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14438968\charrsid13578078 \par In the instant case PW1 Alfred Odongo identified those who arrested the plaintiff as soldiers of the Government of Ugand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6376888\charrsid13578078 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14438968\charrsid13578078 . He specifically identified one UD 3131 Charles Omara as the soldier who lodged }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15753307\charrsid13578078 a complaint against the plaintiff. That those }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442909\charrsid13578078 who }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15753307\charrsid13578078 arrested the plaintiff were soldiers is also shown by the fact that they detained him in various military barracks as testified to by both PW1 Alfred Odongo and PW2 William Abura. And having found that these soldiers were acting i n the course and within the scope of their employment, I find the Attorney General in his representative capacity vicariously liable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4405090\charrsid13578078 I answer the 4}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid4405090\charrsid13578078 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4405090\charrsid13578078 issue in the affirmative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14438968\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4328892\charrsid13578078 \par With regard to the 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid4328892\charrsid13578078 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4328892\charrsid13578078 issue which is whether the plaintiff suffered any dama ges or loss the plaintiff avers that he was unlawfully arrested and wrongfully detained. He also gave evidence that while in detention he was put on a very poor diet of beans and posho wh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7289150\charrsid13578078 ich were poorly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16001693\charrsid13578078 prepared,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14241823\charrsid13578078 he was subjected to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15603922\charrsid13578078 hard labour, had to sleep on grass on a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13706585\charrsid13578078 wet floor}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15603922\charrsid13578078 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15603922\charrsid13578078 and he was assaulted resulting in an injury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442909\charrsid13578078 to his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13706585\charrsid13578078 hip which made }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13189690\charrsid13578078 it difficult for him to walk.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4328892\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13575741\charrsid13578078 \par Unlawful arrest and wrongful imprisonment are both actiona}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13575741\charrsid13578078 l}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13575741\charrsid13578078 torts which presuppose loss }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894824\charrsid13578078 or injury. Both these were proved}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894824\charrsid13578078 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894824\charrsid13578078 he plaintiff also testified that while in detention he was assaulted which resulted in his injuring his hip. He was fed on a very poor diet once a day and he slept on dry grass for a bed and on a wet floor. The plaintiff was not cross examined on his evide nce in that regard nor did the defendant adduce any contrary evidence. Beca}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 use of the above reasons I draw}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894824\charrsid13578078 the inferences that the evidence adduced by the plaintiff was the truth. I find that plaintiff suffered loss and damages as he testified to. This issue is answered in the affirmative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13575741\charrsid13578078

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421359\charrsid13578078 \par With regard to remedies the plaintiff prays for general damages for unlawful arrest, false imprisonment and torture, exemplary damages, costs and interest at 25%}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6820215\charrsid13578078 from the date of the filing of the suit until payment in full.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421359\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5773461\charrsid13578078 General damages which are at the discretion of the court are intended to place the plaintiff in as good a position as possible in military}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 terms, as he would have been had the wrong complained of not occurred }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 See Blackburn M. Livingstone vs Rawyards (oa) Co [1880] 5 A. C 2539}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368636\charrsid13578078 .}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5773461\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 Ooja vs Attorney General & 4 Others HCCS No. 16/1996 (unreported)}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 The plaintiff was detained in a military detach under dehumanising conditions for t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9192206\charrsid13578078 wo days and he was awarded Shs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 12,000,000/= in general damages. In }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 Macarious Asubo vs Attorney General HCCS No 665/1002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 the Plaintiff who was a prominent politician was wrongfully detained for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5322860\charrsid13578078 80 days and he was awarded Shs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8221334\charrsid13578078 30,000,000/= in general damages. \par \par In the instant case though the plaintiff was an ordinary citizen, he wa s wrongfully detained for 20 days in military detentions. Considering the circumstances of his detention and the fact that both the above cases referred to were decided more than 10 years ago, therefore considering the effects of inflation I award the pl aintiff the sum of Shs.25,000,000/= in general damages. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15690787\charrsid13578078 \par Exemplary damages are awarded in cases where the defendant normally an agent of Government acts oppressively, arbitrarily or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 unconstitutionally and i}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477010\charrsid13578078 n utter disregard of the rights of the plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15690787\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477010\charrsid13578078 \par In the instinct case, the soldiers after arresting }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 the plaintiff without an arrest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477010\charrsid13578078 warrant, detained him, assaulted him and made him live in dehumanising}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 conditions and subjected him to hard labour. In this the soldiers were acting arbitrarily in complete disregard of the constitution and constitutional rights of the plaintiff: \par In}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477010\charrsid13578078 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 Macarious Asubo vs Attorney General (Supra)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 the plaintiff was awarded Shs.10,000,000/= in exemplary damages while in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 Ongu Terence vs Attorney General (Supra)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 the plaintiff was awarded Shs.15,000,000/=}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419408\charrsid13578078 H}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13054736\charrsid13578078 aving considered the above awards and the circumstances of the instant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid357728\charrsid13578078 case I consider an award of Shs.10,000,000/= in exemplary damages will meet the justice of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3477010\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid357728\charrsid13578078 \par I also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11540383\charrsid13578078 award interest at court rate on both the general damages and exemplary damages. The plaintiff will also have the costs of the suit.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid357728\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4261815\charrsid13578078 \par In the result, judgment is entered for the plaintiff in the following terms: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4261815\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4261815\charrsid13578078 The defendant shall pay to the plaintiff the sum of Shs.25,000,000/= as general damages. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4261815\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}The defendant shall pay to the plaintiff the sum of Shs.10,000,000/= as exe}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8024565\charrsid13578078 mplary damages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4261815\charrsid13578078 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4261815\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}The defendant shall pay interest on (a) and (b) at court rate from the date of this judgment till payment in full. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12391137\charrsid13578078 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12391137\charrsid13578078 The defendant shall also pay the costs of this suit. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13578078 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828312\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6563211\charrsid13578078 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828312\charrsid13578078 August}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414546\charrsid13578078 u}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11828312\charrsid13578078 s Kania \par JUDGE \par 14/11/08 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11283758\charrsid13578078 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11283758\charrsid13578078 In the presence of Ms. Rachael Nyakecho for the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469441\charrsid13578078 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11283758\charrsid13578078 \par Mr. Masongole \endash Court/Clerk}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8923703\charrsid13578078 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11283758\charrsid13578078 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13001018\charrsid13578078 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414546\charrsid13578078 Augustus}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11283758\charrsid13578078 Kania \par JUDGE \par 14/11/08 \par }}