Evans Banda and Anor v The People (Appeal No. 22 & 23 of 1989) [1989] ZMSC 125 (7 November 1989)
The conviction was upheld because the evidence established that violence was used to facilitate the theft, and the circumstantial evidence was sufficient to infer the use of a firearm, even though the actual weapon was not recovered or directly linked to the accused.
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [1989] ZMSC 125
- Parties
- Appellant: First Appellant; Appellant: Second Appellant; Respondent: The People
- Court
- Supreme Court of Zambia
- Jurisdiction
- Zambia
- Case Number
- Appeal No. 22 & 23 of 1989
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Outcome
- Appeal dismissed
- Legal Topics
- Aggravated Robbery, Use of Firearm, Evidence, Appeal Grounds
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
First Appellant
Appellant
Second Appellant
Appellant
The People
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the appellants were properly convicted of aggravated robbery involving use of a firearm
- 2 Whether there was sufficient evidence to prove the use of a firearm
- 3 Whether the trial judge erred in convicting the appellants in absence of direct evidence of use of a firearm
Ratio Decidendi
The conviction was upheld because the evidence established that violence was used to facilitate the theft, and the circumstantial evidence was sufficient to infer the use of a firearm, even though the actual weapon was not recovered or directly linked to the accused.
Court Disposition
Appeal dismissed
Orders
- Conviction and sentence of capital punishment affirmed
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
1 paragraphs
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF ZAMBIA • I ; t .. · ·•., ·: . '···· I r . .. i. I ., . '· . : ~ . ..... i:: • ·. .•.· ... ' . . '• . ,,:.·· . •:,. ' '· , .... • • I ·, .. · ... . .. ,• •·· . . . ,, , , ' . ,, . . . . . . . . . . . ·. '• : . ,·• .• . . . .. .. I , •, ; · ..... •' • . '.' ., ·, ., .. .. ,· ' • . , . . . . , .. :.:.•·./.•:.\. •, . . : .: ,, • • • t F • · ; • • 5' • o • o ,; , ' \ t • • t ' ' • • I , , • ' . •• , ,:, • • • I I • •• ,• , , ~ .,_ ~• •• . , .' • ' • • •,. \ ,• , ' , I . ~ :'• , ; ' • . . ' • f , .. , I • ~ . . . . ' . . . ... ,, N~ul?~; -o:c. J.• ·,·•·deiiTered 1~he ~ j·ud~11~nt1 oft1thel ~ou~{~;t:q.~ ·.•H:;~J.t°t~~'>Lri: ·.· '. :; r, • .., :_..·.?ir,: _t·t,<t~· 't:•:·~ ·:br,t · , 111~ l).l' d ~o too~l,e ~h~ t~J~~ff·~-~ . .1.$,t:.'~-.. ~ ! ··;",:-, :.{ \. ·· ,, -·~e app~ll~t_s :<we~ef trt~·d?&Ji~"'co~rioted oava~~~g~)»f.•~pl~li-._ : .. : .. · .:· aggratat~d .robbe~inTol~ng, ~ef usjr.1ot,.a •Jfir•arm·;n·:~f ·particulara' . .. -:-~ .. . . ot the eharge · w~re that 'on·:11tb,'. Jul;t.';1t-·1987;tat"Obadi~·a., ~·joi11tii· ud. :· .'·· .: .' whilet : •~ting toget~e~~-and vhil~t ~ -•cl 'v1 th~ a \ tir~t.\.~A•1' .. ; ,tt?J•l al.it : / ~. '. baga1 of -.g~~dnut'a and O at' the•' t.ille \ll!ed·i'rtolenoe-=-toi<i. P.~,:~4:t-·~.n,;.1 eride~c·•t: :· .:'·.-. .~ro• t~~-.. ~~s,~t~~n"•• t1iat'·9"~th.t_n1gh~~1n~ciu•a~~~~~~~, 1·.~2,,~cl~~ . : .. ,,: .. 6' were . guarding the ·property." ot,(°fhe~·. Qooperati:.,e Union' wJUtJlt they;~~wt~ilt ·.: :, .... : • 1,,,' •-.-:x,>• f' . two. pers~ne· approachi_ng the etore ... ~P. When~the7 went_t•to: ~veeti~~~~r.~. 'i~.s ,-; ahot waa-· ~ir~.d ~ • '.~he · dii,-ecti~n ~ere l the two pe~~~.!w~,_~¥~hJ~~• .. . •, ' the' vitne~~ee run avay.' '.1The)' returnein ehort17n•ftervard'e_' ,w:S,th·'."J?W?.!.who 1·,' ·• W& araa_e<:\' wit]f J:de ' ovn•gun~i\to. ~rsone~wer~ eeen~~ry-iag·:,i?ag•, ·o~-._l?r· ·' ·1•• gro,~DC~lll,\tf!I t . stol,~ f'rom ( the': stor.ea ,;-s~ct. t' ~hen' Pw7' t~•~! hi~.:-~~; ~ . th~ .. ;·. ;·' . air• , ~h•. thieirea '. f'.l.~4. <-~;. IJi'i the . '.,n.euiilg,i _o)laae il ~the> f 1r,ttapp·~µztnt.,:~ .a,, .. ·; : caught!' fo~thvt°th,;7'~ I~~ wa~.; h~f. wh~ ~adlli0t.~•c1 ,tot-the: wit;(saei._ ~J1at;'hef'~d·:/d·' : .. . th• aeoond. appel~ant1 .were1 the\. thie.vea~ •iidt·het 'implica~~ : li~s': ~~~p~llant~·f He l .ecl the,.·witnesees' tc. where·: ·h.~ µa~ ·:hidden·:.tbe,-otber . basis ,-o, gro~dnute~ . . A'a a re.suI:t 'o'f what tli~ ·.tirst -~pp~l~t · told~the '•vi;t~t-aseali~pl.i~at~ (> ·. the'se~ond' appellant:, ·; t.he' ,latte~··wai/ apprehendecl t~-.:~e~td.ilr~and he ·., . . wher•· he·: produce.cl. a, ~tl~;; 1~~er.1:~•-· . . · . .... led t~e.· wit~e.eeea -t6·· the·· bush 0a. th~e~ •:racte both . yere: convicte_d ,·ot:armed 1'aggre. Ta~.~~~ ½bb~~_::.~114·i~~i,.'_ J · ; 1 I 1 •' : :.,'' • . . ' . . . . . • ; ;;:. • I'" t . .. • • • > ·•- • o • • • • • • • • • ; "", • , • , .. ,. .. , I I' ' ' ' ' •• .,. ' • ·• ~ • • •' •, __.. #. • f • • • • • • f •, • • • • • • • • • • • • • I o o o o •• • • • • • • ! • 0 ' , O O O ' - 0 0 0 0 t t , • I : \ , , 0 ' ' I • receiYt!d _:oapit~l ~uniehme~t•/ ".•.1:i•il~" :ia ~r.1 -p'r'.)VO th. Ill w:i:,~· ·of':,{ \'.~rq,'!U.11'1° • . : : ;.· ,: .:- .. , : ... . . 2/,. •• ~· •••• ~ · . ' .... ,· ·. :·; ::·. .. i ... : ~: :. '..:i •>\· :.t ,,, ••.•.~·•!, .. ,!9••· _.llr.'-',. , ·~ •' .. ·~; :. . . . . • ...... ~ . • . . ' . 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On .. bebalf •Ot the appellantsi Mr. Munthal,i· has advan,ced· tvo : ground• 1·, · • ot appe•~·· · The. tirat ·-~· :that'~the ·~earned) trlal'ltjudgd': ~, 'iii 1~f~~l~~~~ .. \ he oonvic.ted ,th~ appellan~s ' of· the offenoe·•o! aggx'a~t~( robbaq.~ri:n' ~~he, · absence 'qt. proo.r ·ot· th~:·~~~~~~~1.i~r~·ds.ente rot 1the:''.~tfenoe.·\:,,~'.lhe'e: u~~'J':-.' ':- ittha't" 'ther~:.~~s :no:· evidence. t~:. :' . ': argumen:t;. under .thi_ir'.·groun4 ,:.of .appi~.-:~ ehow -~t·•"the· appe;Llants):iad''£i';e·a•::~h~'.'giul ··and·· t~t·~·-\ ~~t·1~~8:\ iicire{ !l:t't/ · . :.: was a c,~~~cidenoe ·~h~~"'a1 ~ 1 ·w~· t~~ed •at' ·the'1aame~atime''~.i'fthe. ·~gs ··ot '.:, .:·::• .. grou.ndn'u:~a. ·were bei'JSi stol~n· :l!lo:•th;at 'ri•itlier' Pr11·,lnri~•!th-..·~oth-,~ ~wit~~e~s~~· .. ·: were themselv~e dire~tiy:: f~ightened_ .. ·p) ·uee 'of. ellOh''if'ir~rm.:.6 The,\;~. ·' .. : ·: .. . . argwl!ent ~~ : fµrther • t~ t ~ ,: wq.er~· w1i~•-~eee ~ si11pl7' li~~'.-~~1:~li~t~,~~d:r. :':.:. ·./ they -~~•n;o~ .~ow what· 1·a hap_p~~ng,': 1an.'. acou11•~.'~~~~;lb,t ~ .• , ·~ ·-to·:-hay.e·.":~ .: .. uli•d· vl'~i'e~o~-.. ·~gaiut· ~oh: wit~_ • .,1s.~) -f~we·:·1ia~. '~i~~i:~~#~-~u~1~~ 'it; ~~-~~f·:;···:.·~· .co~i~.era ~t~n { to\ t~.~-: ~bid~.~-~-~D::•Jl.d _\,.·:~re::8111,isti~-~· .:~~:, . :~·s· ~a:. th:,/:/-~·).:,~~ ·. gene~al :propos:L t~on; ith~·-~ti~-~ ·.:.-of~~. i·~ ·fin 1the:(~ t-~o f.~~~~ ia~;-i.t'~~~.~~~ ):. pe~~o~:'iu.: whoe~•:~cuet~~J~~op~~t:r"~io~{~ ato~.-ii~~li:i!~~i it1~ieJ1~· -;'~.;/ .. ::;}' fYide~a.~ -.'~~· vi~len~e 3.~ }~~~~~.~tb•!(;a~.cr~i~n:.~~ :11;~~·J.~~~-~~~~,4~~;~~iiJ~~: y .. ·::: thia :aa·s'e,.·that ·the rsh~t: .. va-. ' f'i~•d ·:to \-enable ~thetthi~i.~~ .. t;o'r·e~:e.ai-1 ·1;li~\ ·'.: ;;_':: .,· ·,.,. groundn~ts:~ :. ·The. l!!O!ft;whAt ~~~~~~i~~e~t.'tad~~~d:rit~t'.: l'!r~,1~~iua~·-· ...... : ,:: . . '. . that .tl:lere ma:y-· have ·been· ~--·mere ~oincldenoe 1betwe.eni -th~~fi:d.ng -'0t->.a.;: ·: ._· ·:i·' , .. · .~~~~- ~e~rb;r.:.'.1,7 ~erti~.na. · ~own ·:~d\ti~ ·tbett 1ot-c.t~:i;~,,;·.~~~'l~i ~.~,:~~-· ·. ·.~.::·~ . 'enter~inei;l·~. '()Ji .the faots•·:ot. th• . o~se, as ·against~'.~b~ .. .f'i~~~--.a~~u~~.·--(::-:- for i~tanoe,, . t~t a~gument :-ca~ot ·.~d· having reg~r~ -~to< th1f··.fa~t · ... e11a.'t•,' :· ,~ he w~•.' C!~ght .. r~d-~def.~~~: h~_ ;~p.11aiti~1y _ac;Smitt_;d;.~9-tl;l~-:l!it~,s~,~--·_'; :.· ·. that~·-~ was :~ae~ ~~ju.111.·~~-:~~!/·.~~~oo~ed •. ~•~~.h~'-;:~~ '·ca.~~~-•. ::.~~·_:.;'.·-~::~:. •··tire~ ·~ppel_lant. eat.cl~ \q_ -~~:.,•:"•~·t~~~i.i;1:~'!i{ci;ot"; (;t~f_ ~~ri• -~~~;);~~-;i~.::::.~·· · talk it o~~~• :E'.orgiye. 11~,_.· I w~11::.~ow?'io~fwher•1~t~,.\~g~·,:~1;,.!.•-.·. _Aga.~\:.,:,_'; ~e. ta· •th~_- ~Ji~· who t~ld t~•· ~tn~sa_e~ that ,li'e, ~a wit~.;;~h:~: c~-aP»-~i~~i. \ •:· ·.:::_ · · and that it -vad . t~e .co-,app~iant. :w)lo fired· the ~ • ,r'. Lb, · :adJJi.~~;l.o:na ~.ot · .~ · ·, · the first appellant Me .. ·out .. tlii'~~iu,ibility •of •entertatiiing 'the. ( ... 4 ~,~ ; ~:~.~ . .. -·· .. ··· -n~ ··1'., Ga!"'<l:,,e,,..: . · .. : ·· '. ~bmi:~sio~ w~ch -~ •. 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