David Pinasha v Augustino Manana (Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988; Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988) [1989] ZMSC 131 (18 April 1989)
The conviction of the first appellant was safe because the complainant had known him for four years, identified him at the scene, and the appellant led authorities to the house where stolen property was found, corroborating the identification.
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [1989] ZMSC 131
- Parties
- Appellant: Unknown (Appellant 1); Appellant: Unknown (Appellant 2); Respondent: The State
- Court
- Supreme Court of Zambia
- Jurisdiction
- Zambia
- Case Number
- Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988 ; Appeal Nos. 81 & 82 of 1988
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Supreme Court Judgment
- Outcome
- Appeal of second appellant allowed and conviction quashed; appeal of first appellant dismissed and conviction confirmed.
- Legal Topics
- Aggravated Robbery, Identification Evidence, Appeal Procedure
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Unknown (Appellant 1)
Appellant
Unknown (Appellant 2)
Appellant
The State
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Supreme Court Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the identification of the appellant was reliable and free from the possibility of mistake
- 2 Whether the prosecution failed to investigate material issues raised by the appellants
- 3 Whether the proceedings were a nullity due to absence of plea to amended charge
Ratio Decidendi
The conviction of the first appellant was safe because the complainant had known him for four years, identified him at the scene, and the appellant led authorities to the house where stolen property was found, corroborating the identification.
Court Disposition
Appeal of second appellant allowed and conviction quashed; appeal of first appellant dismissed and conviction confirmed.
Orders
- Second appellant set at liberty
- Conviction and sentence of first appellant confirmed
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
1 paragraphs
·( . . I . , .. . .- . .. .. .,., . ' I " I .. . , ...... .. IN THE SUPREME COURT OF ZAMBIA Appeal Noe. 81 ·& 82 ot 1988· \ H_OLDEN. AT KABWE . . , · X. Ot• ~. ,? • .t ,., · ~ . .. , • ' . • .. ·\ • , .. . ·. : •( . rt • . ; .. ~:•·! ... "J"· ·u'.p a'~" E: N ~ ivi_e ~;: 'th~ .~(s.~·y°:}P·! .. T:.:·: .\'~· ;1.·p::~•j . .. • ' • • - . . ,.. - Chuw_; : . J .s., deliverecl th~·. ~udP,e~t ot the court_~.,:_-· :~;'., __ : · ·, ,: : . .- • ,.-. ... ,, • ; ... , , _,. .. _,. I . . . . ... > · .:•. • 1 ,,..,,1 q r .'l!OT<lli~ th~•. -~~dh.ailt. t..\'.110. th$ ·'Plwril•piit;l -~ia,ti,h¾' ·: . -~ -~ !i~P~~~ant~ ~•re., ~o~r~¼1. -~~~g~1 9~ .. , o~r•; ~9~;. :~r·~g~~,,~~ ·.• •:: ,. ;•'.:1:·,/:. ~ . robbecy ·. 0011trar7 . . to Sectio~· i;4. ot- the Penal Code. . ,-·. ·.· . · . ) : '-r: · ... , . . · ,·. ·, :· . •• · . -~ · • ·:: , "· , .,,.. ;· • ....,., .... , ... ~:...1.~l •.~~s •;,;, J..o-:>k tO-l'· Ol~. l';\pt:tl1 '.:.~:J.~ .. 5'1~ . •• ' ·' ·. ·.. : ,•• I • ,_ ♦ !"' •' 0 •• • o l o I 1, t o • o _,,. • .,.,n, . .' .'t_., '::-__·,:i. t"'~ ~ L· ,;i. :tJU'liJ ·ud '\~t1··.i:jue·5tion1:.--c:l·~;x,•1:if:,f'>, ~:.\:"01>-l;>.~r,f~ )1~.: :,. _ Upon .tpeir oo~:v~o. H~~--~h~f, !!!~J. ·-tt-f~ :~?:i:e~~:~., te, J5;r~~!' ..• v ·,.,,,;· i11pr~~.0DD1~~~ . wi.~h,_bar<i. ~ab~ui;~.~j{-~:,t ~;r•J>J,t,. a~p~:1-r~t,}~. ~¥-e .. c~~~--. ,: . · '.- . ag~i~~.; t~_•. ·.o_onv_i !?J;~C?~•.· ~-~ .. ~~-~r:~ ,~~:i,!0t hte·~-~ ,1J!~/fne~r~~~-.~~- Mr~ Phiri £or ._th~ S~t•, -:o~~re~J:}1.', ~-~~ic9!;~d~~~-~\~~1.? tt ~J ;o\ .~1!.~'f:t.,~-~ ·· the conviotion o! the eec~nd •ppellant on the · aggravated robbeq charge.; .•• , .... ,· •. ,..:..1,\t '!tr:''°"'-" . , . Fw-thez:,. a~ter. ~ ais.ouss:i,.o,n .~~- int~70~9~.se .~.~~ .t~e .~~~}. ! . ~ -•. :.~ j ,, further oonoed.ed ~ t he . . w0.l.i.ld··not· .. sup~:i;-t the conviqtioJl 'ot the .. 2nd appeU~_~t····~v~~ ~n· a ·-~~.fs~;.,~.ha;~~. ·.~t, ·';~~~iving~~--~~~~l.f~~•t~;~;;~~~~ ·. decision ~1 · the·· State•' we ,Ulow t~e• -~peal of t)le end. ·_appellant ._and , ~-'· tJ'\~ ~ .. 1:-\'\•f ,_ !: •. o.< ,·c• t~ , d' t"t,r .... · • · ··· • ·• ~ ~ • • ,. • \ • • • : • ' ; ••" • · 1•-, , , I • ■et h,im tree. '/: · ~-.. '· ,:_ .. , ". ::. •.::-... •,,·: ) ,':.i. · .. \,/i.:;:H.t the- -~<,µ~ t ~h~t; ~l·tb:~J;b ,;~ th.fr·, · .. . ' • • • • ' • • I : , ! • , : ':' •:• ' • > o o o • I O • •• • • • ~ •• • . ·• • • • • . qoin~ng to tb.e '111~ •ppeilant, ·, the .eYid~nae agaiiiat:~ i. G...z.... ,'a:·, ··~:::,,d;•,~; -:~.;-: •:f .,,~..t.i1~ ·tho COl'!l;.>l.a~1;1.'t>1-· ~·i·',u~ ~ t ;rtlb · ·~e ·that · on · · . the ma ~erii,J. .date I the aomplainan.i: ·"a.a drillking beer' µi ·, ~e1hin.ehi,:: . Doroth1, her . ,;ltull',lband .anti , t~~. ~ ,.t. ·•fpe:1,1-.it • co11powid. in Kitwe· and . during . thi.-· drinking ae.i,•ion\he 'wae joined by . _' ;l-'-1.:_· ~ .... • •• "" , Th-7:· .. ~~ed .. ~ri~ng· ·· ,, r3\.. .. . , ... . ,_ . . . . . . ~ J;'l1Jt"i ~.;.· .. .• C..'-l •• • . .. !.· _, .• ·. ·: .... 'l' •• •~·. •Ji.' f:..,Y•; 1 from ~ou.nd 16.00 .hour,.. After 18~00 hour• the c~mplaina. Dt decided -'. ·· . . . . .. . \, ... •,- . . . '" , ... J. .' <\ t~,,. I . • , · ,. -~ •.> . . -·· • .. \.. ~ : ".- ·• :{ '.i,,\• '"' :,,: . . • • ..,.,_ ,• , j, " • 1 ~ I \ . .,' .- · . _ _ -: . , . .., •' , . ., t • , I, , , . ~ . . ) . . . ' . . . " • • • . ; , • • • • • , o o , , , · 0 t • ) I I , , , , , , , · · t ' ' • · .. · to go h~!De• l1pon. making .h~a .. 'deo1·,1on·: kno~; · ~~• ,J~t."'~p~~li.an~ wggo~ted.: • • ~ ,I,. . .. .. . 2/ ••• ~~·---~-that".·.·. J' . .;,. • ! ~ " • • * • • ,l\ • 1 • • • ,· . ~. . . I i ' •• .. - .. · .. ' ' ' • • • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • ,# . .! , . I • ~ ' ' • • • •• ••· , t . . . . • • ,. ·. ' I ' .. ....... •. that 1i, ·Bp~lld • . the· ~gllt:'at,)h1e:1ta:ril .•• ~it' wa,.eVdar~--~y~~ .. : oomplal. JMi.n.t't ., ·. cleolin~cl thia otter saying ,i t ···•till' ltlight· _aacl ~ae'e 1we~e .,s:tUl·:; ~:·:, moving~ ' · H~ than · left · the drinld,ng place £or the bus stop.~: When he . :· reaohect. ·the _first · b~st; a~p ~• ·t'otmd:•.·tbat : the~· vere no; pe~pie~;there" . . ·. H~ th.ere tore. d~c_ided to·.~-:to' ~h~ n~~ . bus stop.1 i. 1N-1"h' ~a.~ '~~i~ h~ r':_~ . heard a Yoice, whtch he raoopi.aecl · ae , that ot the a.ppe:l.lant,::·calling' :,,_,,; him • . , When. he .turn~d ~u~d he ~-•' grabbecf by "the, n~ck' ~d..· ~esa~te'd~,i t . .... He said ·h• , ~. ~esaulted by about.; 4:· peo_ple,~ bu~!• h• '. 0~7· rec.~¢~ed_· .' . · the appel~ant. · Aa ·h• . -.a■ ~a1ng· &e~l,ll. ted .hie' _elothes; Vl;t~•. :r.e~Ted. ·:' ..... ·. from him and ~l~ . K30.oo ~ah hibad!on' hi. II. '•"At>tha.t mom~nt ·1~ t0htr .. •: . there came a ·bus which showed its lights on him • . . Th• .aseailante then . ·· • . li~tef ~ill. ~d di:dpp~d hill on·. the ta;,aao and. ran •~ l-_' He walk~: i .n. ·· . ·. hie ~e4 state. t~ ·th•. houee ot· .. th~ c~irman,Hwhere· he_: re~rted:i·~•~ ~- 1 incideu~~--. 1he o_hairman upon ·.ee~~· .~he c~m~l~nanti ~e!! '_.h~ . ga!Jf him an oye~.a· ~~ - ~ sh~ft~ ~\lt ·on.'.>He. advised 1the~~ppeil.l~'t'"to: spend . , a . night: ~i ),.is,: f~.encl ·~thin. the · C?O~~d,• ~ .. 1,J. · il ~ ~· .tl-;!.:\ ,,f.1.i,:·: ·;~~.:.:. ·n,.,; t · .. · ... .:x 1,.,,~··&'l't •b·: ~r1-•~ · 1 J.'1r.i~. 1:., ~ t,J. ,,_,.. .. ~• l'.l~~.-1un1 a w:.a n,w.n...lbl'O.t")' ·,,ie,ul;Nte~ ..... , .i.n · ·. · . .... · · 1b.e following' mo~ng the· ~omplainantc told the~ohatrmaii tbat~hf!Hi ·· .. · lmew. lµa a11eailant'E! as·: the.' app,llail(·.•n'd hi• frien<l~~ ~. ~e·' chaj~'•. t!.r.,!':' . . then organised ·_the· JQUth., ~d .'_vi~1-~t~,s to look ·f~f•, th~ :~~pell~:nt~·•t:H~. · wae fi~lT ·1:,o·oate~ at -~ f~ ·and ··~e -:qu~etioned ~)loU:tl~th•.·.~bb~ry~ \~. JJ~ :: . ' adlli tt~d- ~~~ · ~ob~~ri :'~ci _ li9d'· th••··;~ . :the:, houe~<"w~~r~ ... ·~l;i~ ·. ~;P~~~1:Ut';1w~~~:' ... bad j\lat been discharged and · a~q~i tted •waa ' found.·; ~,.r aeq11-ittedn,potv10 .. :· . appell~t'-. was •·•d ;ab9ll~ . ~h•~•~lo~~!'".:fro■' tl)e l 4om~~11~ an~ 'he-r~~.•: · . ·:. .· . . - . . . ' to;ld ~h~/ ~ba~an: tha.t ·.tli• ' olo~~·-··ve_r•• brought'~ b7.'h~~ :~id,;: broth~_~.:,·:.:. · EMrist~'• _ihe _clothes were tjlen, together with the iwo:•appe:J,11;1.nt■. , :·:· ·: · .. ·. . the polio~ : ata tio~> At . t~•· polio•·, et!a. ti~i;:th~ ·app.diante7--t0 ~" .. taken···~ were arreated: fo~ · the··subjeot~~har~.i :-.. {· '".: .; ,' ,i,1~,,- , fl'·[,.-;;,~ +.•<;r: ·1;! C~·· ~- .' i. ·-,~;J· -~_.i'.~t,ie✓.\·t~;.;' nn.; pooe:ibil:{;(.il'.l ai:·~o.n~~f· ... \:-< . Ih ·h.1a ·evideno-, _ the·~appellant :told the l oourt .t~t·:~al.thoUgh .'on the .· sholled · ~a• the c:J,.othe•· lill~er: the·, ~ed~ · ih• acqui ttJi~S·"flppellant.l ~thc!tr · ' r, ,::1i•l::!"~il!t ).;t:l{,i ~. ·t;•i.f . . ...: ..,_ . . . . . . .! \ . •••.••~~~~. ~ •\:_\~·:• . ... . • ' , ; -~ •, .; • • '• • •'" ,,, •1 ', • • • • ♦ \ ,t ' .. ~ • ." •., •, • • , (.). ol . . . • • . , . - o ,• } . . . : • : ,,.... '-'. '• .. ,•"., • > 0 • • ' _, .•• • • • : ": _ '• • • • I• •. • • __.;. . ! : ,: ,' • •• ~, . ••' .._~ • • • ' O Oo 0 • • •••. -' .' • • ,, •: .:. . . • ,•• ~ ,1 1 •: ., 0 0' 0 , · o t O ,. •• "· o I : · • • : , . 1" I O • • • • • • • I ,• .. . • • . o O •, • ~ •, , ' •• ' ~ • . ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • • • • I l II , o o ' ' ' • • • • • • I " - , " \ • • • • • • • • o o , \ ' ' • • • I : 0 0 0 : : , • • • • • I I I I ) , , , , , ' ' , ' , , , • • • • • • l ' \ • •• •• ~ ~ •,•!ti • . .. ,: ¥ ; uteri'al ·dat~. ~~ .. waa dr~~ing .. _beer wit~ -the '"'co~pl,ai~nt·,_r h~·\di~· ·p:btr.rob : .... the c~plainant ot : hi.a proper~1. :. :, ~• ·;explained·, tba t •tter:•·Dorotby~'a.nd ~ . ~•r hueband· left · the , dril)king plac~ 1~nd the·c~mpla:l~ti·havi.ng :g11/~n ... Dorot!i;:•hia· bag to oarr·i, -he. star~ect accusing the 1at•:ap:peu~~t'·a," i:he . . :. · .. on• ;whp_··,ba.d hi~ bag. ·:·· 'lhe •.complaiJ1i&11t-, beou1e,•j~nru].7._··•~<i \lie::the\ i1·~·r.t ~ .. ·. ·.· ·.· appel~t- :then ' left·. Afte~· eo11e ··:day•· he 'onl7 f'aav t~~ _.,=J.gi:~t~·-·,'vho~!-~;1:· ~-· apprehend.ed· h-im and 'led . them·' io. th~; ·house:• ot· :the I 2nd ' ·~ppei:l~nt,. f'l: '? ,•• ~-r;:_ :: l~(•o·;:y. .. ifi~~i)·.~ ' . · .. '. .:_-_ :, ·:·,.-:· ... : ,• :. : . . . . ~ •'. . . . . :~. :: .. ~ .. ... · .... .'. . .. ·.:~- . : ..... '\ .. • ' . •· .. . ! '• •, - • • • • • I I ..,. •I . :'... \ . .. ·· .. . ... .. - . :.• ... ·----·: ..... _,_.,_... , . .. ---· I, l../. I. (' ! ). =i · . . I , • .. . - ... . . . .. :• . . •' ,• ' . ,. • l • '· ',' '. ., . . . ·, . : . . .... ,. , .. : . . . . . .. ..... ~·· .. "'• ""' "' ., . - . ... .. . •. : . . .. : \- .. t '" o • . o I . . ,. I ~ I .... . ; .. . . . ' ... . . •, .. ' . 1' • • . . ·' . . ... ' , , , I • • • 0 • : ' ' ' ' I : t • • • • • • • • • • • I I I ., • • ' ' • ' • • • • • ♦ ◄ f ~ • , • • • •••, ~ 1 ' ) . , •. ,., , •• ' · ,.., "J ' ~• , 1 ,_1 • the, : : I~: • ~ ,~ t ) ,~J .. ,: { '• In arguing hi• appeal ·on· bebalt ot th• appellaiit~ . HJ-. ,SakAl._,.- th• · D~1:eotor ~t Legal Aid, ar~ed toui: additioilal· groµnd~ ·of appeal;'~-=.\lhese are, 1 • tmL t the · learned trial ~onimiasioner' ~sdireote<t.° h~~elt ' in. ·~ . . . ~ejecting th·e ·· ~!)pellant•a explanat~on ~onoe~ng .the ~rope~~,. .~ absence of the ~ebu~tal. .ev~_q.,n~,r 2~·-. th.at the Wlic~ -o~ t~e : J>ro~~~ti~~ _ .were in serious d~reli~t~oJ;l :6t·.~~t7 'i~,..failing t~ ~nv~s~i,~~.~ _th_•: ·~~-ibis _· raised. ~y the appellante wh,ich. 1'ent- ~ . t}?.e root of .. th:e' matt~J"S ;.:,._ ~Jia.t' the identif'io~tion of- the appel~te. did. n?,t'.rulu,·· out-:·tbe···111Ataken; ~ •. ~ • •, ► identi;t11 4; .that the proo~edi:ags ~•r.e a nullity ~ . 1;1:ie _abe~nce' of .a plea ·to the amen~•':l cb.arg,_ ~-t -~s•· ~1 -_pt ~h• recor~~ :·.;_:,:'_ .. _ .... _, __ ,·.-··::·:. ::,-·· ·':·::\·-':.,,.. .· - ',. ·.:\ ·::,._; •,_.(' ..... ::(F ' . ·. ..: .. ·,':~·(:,),:: ... ,'..:,:}>:.': . . :.';·:·\ ...... :· .. :.:, :·;-)\· ~n t~ing to --~rgue -ground 4,' Mr~ . .'~ a did ~o:~:. J>~o.ee(·t~th~r-. _- ' · .:. in vi.-w _'of the vi eve tak_en b;r thie court. ·. The amendnieilt l~ question ,ill .,. only ii~ ... ~ .th• y~ue ~f th~. p~op·ert1; invo~v:ed. It.-~~~~·:~?.t o~g~.;.,: :··: the sube?-DC~t.of ·the· c~~~• ~- ~n>•.= ot a"m~ndme~t ~_11 ; tbis··c.s.•·· ~ .. . .. _ · onl7· oo~e iii on the que·ati~n ·.ot: e~ntence -,ot which in thie _case does: 11ot ·: · ariee -~ · tint - ~ppellant .v~e ·gi .;~~ -~~-· ~~n~~~~ ~611'/ e!'nt.eri~e~· ~ I~ :·.' .: ~·- • argui~ further ~hl,e appeal, Mr. ~a -decided to~=~pe iy.:t t~~ .t~e~-.. · · remaining grounda · together.- Be· P"Uoul.arl7 attac~ftd ,~ ·~ •'ld~at1·r1cat:l~n in thia· ease _: saying ,that·, a~-c~~di~ ~ -. the . ··c:ompla~nt ,·h~ i~•-~tiiied 1 the voi~e calling bill on · ther~d as ;to.at · :tot the aj:>p~ll.~t -and . ~ t · w~• . not ·su.ff~oient. He ~id. tha·t. it wa.e· particularl7··.~~~to .. ~el;r: ~n .. :~~ -~-i~ j:the '.·co~µnd •. voice ·1de~tification as the appellant ·was known .b7 :~ ' . '"• . . ' Also the mental . capaci_tr. of,. t~~-. oomplaiDalit ·could · ~Y:• ·been ·. ;f.mpatr.e4. · . by the drink ·h• ~ad f~r ei~ h~~~.: ~d· _also .that. -t~._.:1-bc·i~:~.~~-: ~PP·;~ed·· · ... 8\lddenlJ· .. ~d·· ;°()r . • ·~llox-t·:- t~e,'. -~17~,. three 11t.ut·'1,.~: \ ;;:'. ·:.) .:, . . i:·,:., ; .. :· .,: "' • •.'/(•l-:,1,( ~ ,•,· r ~\ .. f . ,, • . , , ,. ·. :· -. .. . . . ~ . ;• , • , ., h ..., ' f• • _ • • 1, • . . ' ,, • A'J • .--. .• •: • ,+ ♦ t . , •..,•• •• : . • ♦ . , , 0 o 0 • . . ,. o ' 0 ,',I • • ,1 • • • • • • ... ~ l • , , • o ._ • 0 ~ o t o o ' O O O _ 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • I I t \ ' I ' , , l ; I • • • o . • , , "' • ' . • \", • •• . . . . " ; •• ' : . : . • • . •' • • .... ~:. ~ t . , • '• .,, • ' . :· • • . ••• • ·:, . . '., ··• ',. •. . .·:.:I·, .. ,~ . .-.'.:.,;,:~.,•.·, ,-,·.·••••··,~ .',:.•:,;•:'1:5~ ,; .. r.:'.: . • , l ••.• ,.,.,,.~ •• ,;-,!} ,; • ! ,•• ·•• . .... . ~.;, ·' We b,aye coliaidered t~el'icience on: reoord. an~r al.99·. the .~'t?missio~ . . W~, are sati,;f'i~d q~· the evidenc~--:tha~' th~-- ·: ·,<_.,. ··. · . . ude b1 counsel • ident~_ficaUon ip ~a-.-ca~~/ eli~~~~\ my }>Osaib~-~ti of-~ · .. h.~il•~.t · , .. :· mistake. ·· 'Ihere is · ~videnc·• ·t~ t . th• : co .. plaiJWlt ~~ · k#qwn_: _th! , ,•, .. appellai;t · for· ·th4' past ~our.7ear~ be.fqre th• · i~~-~.ci~~t-1<·, Fu_r~~r .t~•~• · · ie eyj,dence. that ~~fore the .. ~~ci4~~t · oomp~ined ¢,t·~ythiifY~:re' ~~ng together and • ther~fo;e · this i!ienti.t'ica tion b7 T~i~• ~~t. 'b~- wr~ng • . There is :',y.ao . edd.enoe·, -~~t. :th;:~PP•li~t led. ~he -~~;~n ... to, ~!:,·_ ·•. : ... houee :~here ~tolen ,prop~rt,: ~e•, f'oUlld~· tthe findi~ :_of .this .~rpp·ei:t;r ·: · · at thilil:hou.ee to \ls, c~i"robora.t~& this. identitioationby .~he. complaiunt, .that the persona v~o ~ob't;>ed :hb1 we.re ·th• .:p_pellanta • . vi.th ~th.,r p_ere_on:- ·.· unkovn: • . , , , , , . .... . . . ' ..... I I J • We are, therefore, aatisf"ied that the conviotion.' in thb aaae against the appellant is sate and. confirm this copvi,ctio11 and clilllllli■s ' . I... .. ·. t'. 'I. ; •• / ... .. ·) ' t , : , , ... :. .. , · · i ·, ·.11 .,•:"/.,.__ ~ • • J • ·; < • ~:~i .b:. , • ,t .. :..:. :,Ht-I,; ? :!r,;:,, • J? C ". . '. • ]h. r\ ,', .\ ••·f) • ., ~,t,~:n, •• . • • / ... '.· •. . . .. ,. I • • • . . · ••.•• · ••.•••• ~; •••• , • .••••••.•• •:• •• • .•• ~. ~. ! .•••• ' . . ;'Ll'-:,i ;! ·: <t..: ,·.• \ J • ;·:-~ ~- .,~,.!. · _'· M; s.r Chaila ,( .. ~·tt·..,;i: ~ .. ; . '-;1:-;: .,,'·:•.'. ~ ;',:i;~g~ .)?2YET .~~ : ' ... . , . . . . --· .. ~---,........,.-· .__;,._..~ . ..,___...:__.:..___\~~~~~~ , • • • ; • · • • ;:•r;.•,,..••llf"----~'•"~-•• ...... . . '.-•:-•~ ••• ~ .. ··••·•=•··• .. ·~•-••iti"••··•~··•·•••t•••·••••'•~-•.e,e -,; .v ... ~~fD•.'~ Qdrwa,1·.•t~ .. . . . ·. :: : . ·.. ,: ,: _.: :',. ':: ·SU~REtO, COURT JUDGE ,J u · n 1:1 ii 1-! ir ir · ·.: • .. · ., .· . . 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