98

ARTICLE 98. Under the domain of the law are the rules concerning: -Citizenship, civic rights and the fundamental guarantees accorded to the citizens for the exercise of their public liberties; the constraints imposed, in the interest of national defense and public security, on the citizens in their person and on their property; -Nationality, the state and the legal competence of persons, the matrimonial property system, inheritance and gifts; -The procedure according to which customary laws shall be recorded and brought into harmony with the fundamental principles of the Constitution; -The determination of crimes and offenses as well as the penalties which shall be applicable to them; -Amnesty; -The organization of courts of all classes and the procedure followed before these courts; the creation of new classes of courts; the regulation of the magistrature, of ministerial offices and of judicial auxiliaries; -The tax base, the rates and the methods of collection of taxes of every nature; -The system for the issuance of currency; -The electoral system for the President of the Republic, the members of the National Assembly and of the local Assemblies; -The creation of categories of public establishments [i. e. independent organs charged with public duties and regulated by public law -supplied]; -The General Law of Public Office; -The Law of Military Personnel, Public Security Forces, and the Assimiles [i. e. non-combatants ranking with the combatants -supplied]; -The general organization of the Administration; -The territorial organization, the creation and the modification of administrative Circonscriptions [i. e. districts] as well as the apportionment of electoral districts; -The state of siege and the state of emergency. The law shall determine the fundamental principles: -Of the organization of the national defense; -Of the free administration of territorial units, of their competences and of their resources; -Of education and of scientific research; -Of the system of property, of real estate laws and of civil and commercial obligations; -Of the nationalization and denationalization of enterprises and of the transfer of the ownership of enterprises from the public sector to the private sector; -Of labor law, of social security, of the right to organize trade unions and of the right to strike; -Of the transfer of rights and of the management of State property; -Of the mutual insurance system and of the savings and loans institutions; -Of the organization of production; -Of the protection of the environment and the conservation of natural resources; -Of the system of transportation and of telecommunications; -Of the penal system.