Fundamental duties

(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;] 2 [(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.] 1. Inserted by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s.11 (w.e.f. 3.1.1977). 2. Inserted by the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002, s.4 (w.e.f.1.04.2010). 26 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PART - V THE UNION CHAPTER - I. - THE EXECUTIVE The President and Vice-President