Perlembagaan Persekutuan
Federal Constitution [Article 4]
Status: in_forceRetrieved: 2026-08-18T06:43:47.468438+00:00Release: constitutions-global-20260821-v2
21 Federal Constitution [Article 4]
(b) it imposes such restrictions as are mentioned in
Clause (2) of Article 10 but those restrictions were not
deemed necessary or expedient by Parliament for the
purposes mentioned in that Article.
(3) The validity of any law made by Parliament or the
Legislature of any State shall not be questioned on the ground
that it makes provision with respect to any matter with respect
to which Parliament or, as the case may be, the Legislature of
the State has no power to make laws, except in proceedings for
a declaration that the law is invalid on that ground or—
(a) if the law was made by Parliament, in proceedings between
the Federation and one or more States;
(b) if the law was made by the Legislature of a State, in
proceedings between the Federation and that State.
(4) Proceedings for a declaration that a law is invalid on the
ground mentioned in Clause (3) (not being proceedings falling
within paragraph (a) or (b) of the Clause) shall not be commenced
without the leave of a judge of the Federal Court; and the Federation
shall be entitled to be a party to any such proceedings, and so
shall any State that would or might be a party to proceedings
brought for the same purpose under paragraph (a) or (b) of the
Clause.
FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES
Liberty of the person
Source and rights
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- API delivery right
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Provenance
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Cross-references
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