Land Surveyors Act

LAND SURVEYORS ACT Chapter L‑3 Table of Contents 1 Definitions Part 1 Scope of Practice 2 Practice of surveying 3 Practice of land surveying 4 Exclusive use of name 5 Use of stamp 6 Injunction Part 2 Association 7 Association 8 Powers of the Association 9 Council 10 Registrar 11 Council members 12 Practice Review Board 13 Powers of the Practice Review Board 14 Conduct of preliminary investigation 15 Appeal to Council Part 3 Regulations and Bylaws 16 Regulations 17 Bylaws 17.1 Consultation with Ministers required Part 4 Registration 18 Registers 19 List of practitioners 20 Registration Committee 21 Review by the Council 22 Registration as a surveyor ’ s corporation 23 Registration as a surveyor ’ s partnership 24 Certificate of registration 25 Permit 26 Annual certificate 27 Entries in registers 28 Cancellation on request 29 Conditions respecting corporations 30 Conditions respecting partnerships 31 Cancellation 32 Reinstatement Part 5 Discipline 33 Definitions 34 Discipline Committee 35 Unprofessional conduct and unskilled practice 36 Complaints 37 Mediation 38 Preliminary investigation 39 Report of preliminary investigation 40 Referral to the Discipline Committee 41 Notice 42 Appeal by complainant to the Discipline Committee 43 Right to counsel 44 Proceedings in private 45 Notice of hearing 46 Further investigation 47 Evidence 48 Witness 49 Enforcement of attendance and production of documents 50 Civil contempt 51 Absence of investigated person 52 Finding by the Discipline Committee 53 Powers of the Discipline Committee 54 Order to pay costs or a fine 55 Service of written decision 56 Suspension pending appeal 57 Appeal to Council 58 Time of appeal 59 Powers of Council on appeal 60 Appeal to the Court of Appeal 61 Order for stay pending appeal 62 Material in support of appeal 63 Power of the Court on appeal 64 Fraudulent registration 65 Surrender of certificates 66 Misrepresentation of status Part 6 General 67 Liability to others 68 Exemption from municipal licence 69 Registrar ’ s certificate 70 Protection from liability Part 7 Prohibitions and Penalties 71 Practice prohibitions 72 Penalties 73 Onus of proof HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, enacts as follows: Definitions 1 In this Act, (a) “Alberta land surveyor” means an individual who holds a certificate of registration and an annual certificate to engage in the practice of surveying under this Act; (b) “Association” means the Alberta Land Surveyors’ Association; (c) “Board” means the Practice Review Board established by this Act; (d) “Council” means the Council of the Association; (e) “Court” means the Court of King’s Bench; (f) “Discipline Committee” means the Discipline Committee established by this Act; (g) “member of the public” means a person who is (i) a Canadian citizen or who is lawfully admitted to Canada for permanent residence, (ii) resident in Alberta, and (iii) not a member of the Association; (h) “Minister” means the Minister determined under section 16 of the Government Organization Act as the Minister responsible for this Act; (i) “practice of land surveying” means (i) the survey of land to determine or establish boundaries; (ii) the survey of land to determine or establish the boundaries of any right or interest in land or in air space; (iii) the survey of air space to determine or establish boundaries; (iv) the survey of land to determine the location of anything relative to a boundary for the purpose of certifying the location of the thing; (v) the survey of lakes, rivers or watercourses to establish or determine their boundaries; (vi) the survey by any means, including photogrammetric, electronic or astronomic methods, of land, water or air space for the purpose of preparing maps, plans and documents connected in any way with the establishment or determination of boundaries delineating any right or interest in land, water or air space; (vii) cadastral operations and compiling and recording information related to the matters specified in subclauses (i) to (vi); (viii) establishing and maintaining a network of geodetic points of any order of precision and establishing photogrammetric controls for the purposes of the work specified in subclauses (i) to (v), including the preparation of maps, plans and documents and the giving of advice with respect to any of the matters specified in this clause; (j) “practice of surveying” means (i) the determination, establishment or recording by any means of the positions of points, natural features or features made by persons on, over or under the surface of the earth, (ii) the determination of the form of the earth, (iii) the practice of land surveying, and includes the preparation of maps, plans, systems and documents and the giving of advice with respect to any of the matters referred to in this clause; (k) “practitioner” means an Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership; (l) “Registrar” means the Registrar appointed under section 10; (m) “surveyor’s corporation” means a corporation that holds a permit to engage in the practice of surveying under this Act; (n) “surveyor’s partnership” means a partnership that holds a permit to engage in the practice of surveying under this Act. RSA 2000 cL‑3 s1;AR 217/2022 Part 1 Scope of Practice Practice of surveying 2 An Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership may engage in the practice of surveying. 1981 cL‑4.1 s2 Practice of land surveying 3 (1) No person except an Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership shall engage in the practice of land surveying. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person engaged in the practice of land surveying while the person is an employee of a practitioner in the course of the person’s employment. (3) Everything done in the practice of land surveying shall be done by or under the supervision, direction and control of a practitioner. (4) No Alberta land surveyor shall sign a plan or document in the practice of surveying unless it is prepared by the surveyor or under the surveyor’s personal supervision, direction and control. 1981 cL‑4.1 s3 Exclusive use of name 4 (1) No person except a practitioner shall (a) use the name “Alberta land surveyor”, “surveyor” or “land surveyor” or any abbreviation of them either alone or in combination with any other word, (b) use the initials “ALS” either alone or in combination with any other word, initial or abbreviation, or (c) use any title, name, description, abbreviation, letter or symbol representing the name “Alberta land surveyor”, “surveyor” or “land surveyor” that represents expressly or by implication that the person is an Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership. (2) No person except a practitioner shall represent or hold out, expressly or by implication, that (a) the person is entitled to engage in the practice of land surveying, or (b) the person is an Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership, as the case may be. 1981 cL‑4.1 s4 Use of stamp 5 No surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership shall affix its stamp or permit its stamp to be affixed to a plan or other document prepared in the practice of surveying unless the plan or document was prepared by or under the personal supervision, direction and control of an Alberta land surveyor. 1981 cL‑4.1 s5 Injunction 6 The Court, on application by the Council, may grant an injunction enjoining any person from doing any act or thing that contravenes this Part notwithstanding any penalty that may be provided by this Act or the regulations in respect of that contravention. RSA2999 cL‑3 s6;2009 c53 s94 Part 2 Association Association 7 The Alberta Land Surveyors’ Association is continued as a corporation. 1981 cL‑4.1 s7 Powers of the Association 8 In addition to the powers vested in it by this Act or any other Act, the Association has the power to (a) acquire and hold real property and sell, lease or otherwise dispose of it, and (b) borrow money for the purposes of the Association and mortgage or charge real or personal property of the Association or its sources of funds as security. 1981 cL‑4.1 s8 Council 9 (1) There is hereby established a governing body of the Association called the Council. (2) The Council shall manage and conduct the business and affairs of the Association and exercise the powers of the Association in the name of and on behalf of the Association. (3) The Council shall submit annually to the Minister in a form satisfactory to the Minister a report on those matters of the business and affairs of the Association that the Minister requires. (4) The Minister shall, on receipt of the annual report of the Association, lay it before the Legislative Assembly if it is then sitting, and if it is not then sitting, within 15 days after the commencement of the next sitting. 1981 cL‑4.1 s9 Registrar 10 The Council may appoint a Registrar for the purposes of this Act. 1981 cL‑4.1 s10 Council members 11 (1) The Council shall consist of (a) at least 9 Alberta land surveyors or a greater number that may be prescribed by the bylaws, each of whom shall be elected by Alberta land surveyors at the time, in the manner and for the period provided for by the bylaws, and (b) when the number of elected Alberta land surveyors does not exceed 10, one member of the public, or when the number of elected Alberta land surveyors is more than 10 but not more than 20, 2 members of the public, who shall be appointed by the Minister after consultation with the Association for a one year term of office. (2) A member of the Council appointed under subsection (1)(b) continues to hold office after the expiry of the member’s term of office until the member is reappointed or the member’s successor is appointed. (3) The Minister may, after consultation with the Council, revoke the appointment under subsection (1)(b) of a member of the Council. (4) The Minister may pay to a member of the Council appointed under subsection (1)(b) travelling and living expenses incurred by that member for the member’s attendance at any meeting of the Council away from the member’s usual place of residence and fees in an amount prescribed by the Minister. (5) The powers, duties and operations of the Council under this Act, the regulations and the bylaws are not affected by (a) the fact that no member of the public is appointed as a member of the Council under subsection (1)(b), (b) the revocation of the appointment of a member of the Council, or (c) the resignation from the Council of a member of the public. (6) The failure of a member of the public appointed under subsection (1)(b) to attend a meeting of the Council shall not be construed to affect or restrict the Council from exercising any powers or performing any duties under this Act, the regulations and the bylaws at that meeting. 1981 cL‑4.1 s11 Practice Review Board 12 (1) There is hereby established a board called the Practice Review Board to exercise the powers and perform the duties given to it by the Council or under this Act, the regulations or the bylaws, consisting of not fewer than 5 members as follows: (a) the Council shall appoint not fewer than 4 Alberta land surveyors who have a combination of knowledge and experience suitable for determining the academic qualifications and training requirements necessary for a person to continue to engage in the practice of surveying; (b) the Minister shall appoint one member of the public nominated by the Council. (2) If the Council fails, within a reasonable period of time after being requested to do so by the Minister, to make a nomination for the purposes of subsection (1)(b), the Minister may appoint a member of the public to the Board without the Council’s nomination. (3) The Minister may pay to the member of the Board appointed under subsection (1)(b) travelling and living expenses incurred by that member for the member’s attendance at a hearing of the Board away from the member’s usual place of residence and fees in an amount prescribed by the Minister. (4) The Minister may, after consultation with the Council, revoke the appointment under subsection (1)(b) of a member of the public. (5) The powers, duties and operations of the Board under this Act, the regulations and the bylaws are not affected by (a) the fact that no member of the public is appointed as a member of the Board under subsection (1)(b), (b) the revocation under subsection (4) of the appointment of a member of the public, or (c) the resignation as a member of the Board of a member of the public. (6) The failure of a member of the public appointed under subsection (1)(b) to attend a meeting of the Board shall not be construed to affect or restrict the Board from exercising any powers or performing any duties under this Act, the regulations or the bylaws at that meeting. 1981 cL‑4.1 s12 Powers of the Practice Review Board 13 (1) The Board shall at the request of the Council or after consultation with the Council (a) inquire into and report to and advise the Council in respect of (i) the assessment of existing and the development of new educational standards and experience requirements that are conditions precedent to obtaining and continuing registration under this Act, (ii) the evaluation of desirable standards of competence of practitioners generally, (iii) the practice of surveying by practitioners generally, and (iv) any other matter that the Council from time to time considers necessary or appropriate in connection with the exercise of its powers and the performance of its duties in relation to competence in the practice of surveying under this Act and the regulations, and (b) conduct a review of the practice of a practitioner in accordance with this Act and the regulations. (2) A person requested to appear at an inquiry or review under this section is entitled to be represented by counsel. (3) The Board may at any time during an inquiry or review under this section recommend to the Discipline Committee that the inquiry or review be conducted by the Discipline Committee pursuant to Part 5. (4) On receiving a recommendation under subsection (3), the Discipline Committee may proceed with an investigation and hearing under Part 5 as if the recommendation were a written complaint. (5) The Board may, after a review under this section with respect to an individual practitioner, make any order that the Discipline Committee may make under section 53 or 54. (6) The provisions of Part 5 with respect to an investigation and hearing by the Discipline Committee apply to a review of an individual practitioner by the Board. (7) After each inquiry or review under this section, the Board shall make a written report to the Council on the inquiry or review and may make any recommendations to the Council that the Board considers appropriate, with reasons for the recommendations. (8) The Council may direct that the whole or any portion of an inquiry by the Board under this section shall be held in camera if the Council is of the opinion that it is in the public interest to do so. 1981 cL‑4.1 s13 Conduct of preliminary investigation 14 (1) The Board may, prior to an inquiry or review under section 13(1), appoint a person to conduct a preliminary investigation. (2) After a preliminary investigation under this section, the person conducting the preliminary investigation (a) shall make a written report to the Board on the investigation, and (b) may make recommendations to the Board regarding the matter investigated, with reasons for the recommendations. (3) If a practitioner does not co‑operate with the person conducting the preliminary investigation, the Board may make a complaint in writing to the Discipline Committee and the failure or refusal to co‑operate may be held by the Discipline Committee to be unprofessional conduct. 1994 c23 s25 Appeal to Council 15 A practitioner who is the subject of a review by the Board may appeal to the Council any decision or order of the Board as if it were a decision or order of the Discipline Committee under Part 5. 1981 cL‑4.1 s14 Part 3 Regulations and Bylaws Regulations 16 (1) The Council may make regulations (a) respecting the academic qualifications and experience and training requirements of applicants for registration as Alberta land surveyors and the examination of the applicants; (b) establishing conditions with respect to the registration of an applicant, including age, character and residence requirements; (c) providing for the evaluation, by the Council, the Board, the Registration Committee or a committee established by the Council or a board, committee or council designated in the regulations, of the academic qualifications and experience and training requirements of applicants for registration to engage in the practice of surveying as an Alberta land surveyor and for the examination of those applicants; (d) establishing and governing the articling of pupils, the transfer and termination of articles, the discipline of pupils, the period of articles including conditions attached to them, who may take articled pupils and all other matters related to articling; (e) applying all or some of the provisions of the Act, regulations or bylaws to articled pupils; (f) prescribing the number of members that constitutes a quorum of the Council, the Board, the Registration Committee or the Discipline Committee; (g) prescribing standards and rules for the practice of surveying; (h) respecting the establishment by the Council of a compulsory continuing education program for practitioners; (i) governing the names under which an Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership may engage in the practice of surveying; (j) requiring a surveyor’s corporation or a surveyor’s partnership to maintain a permanent business office in Alberta and to notify the Registrar forthwith in writing of any change in the address of that business office; (k) governing the registration of a corporation as a surveyor’s corporation and prescribing the conditions to be met prior to and following registration by shareholders, directors or officers generally or with respect to a particular type of corporation; (l) governing the registration of a partnership as a surveyor’s partnership and prescribing the conditions to be met prior to and following registration by a partnership and the members or proposed members of a partnership generally or with respect to a particular type of partnership; (m) governing the operation of a practitioner, including advertising and branch offices; (n) establishing and providing for the publishing of a code of ethics respecting the practice of surveying, the maintenance of the dignity and honour of the profession of surveying and the protection of the public interest; (o) respecting preliminary investigations and proceedings of the Discipline Committee, the Board and the Council whether or not a complaint has been made; (p) respecting the costs payable by any person on the conclusion of a hearing or review by the Board or under Part 5; (q) respecting committees of inquiry for reinstatement under Part 5; (r) respecting registration, licensing, disciplinary matters and the practice of surveying generally. (2) A regulation under subsection (1) does not come into force unless it is approved by (a) a majority of Alberta land surveyors (i) present and voting at a general meeting, or (ii) voting at a vote conducted by mail in accordance with the bylaws, and (b) the Lieutenant Governor in Council. 1981 cL‑4.1 s15;1995 c2 s6 Bylaws 17 (1) The Council may make bylaws (a) for the government of the Association and the management and conduct of its affairs; (b) determining the location of the head office of the Association; (c) respecting the calling and conduct of meetings of the Association and the Council; (d) respecting the nomination, election, number and term of office of Council members and officers of the Council and of the Association; (e) governing the appointment of individuals as (i) members, or (ii) members by virtue of their office, of the Council, the Association, the Discipline Committee, the Board, the Registration Committee and any other board or committee established by the Council or the Association and prescribing their term of office, duties and functions; (f) establishing categories of membership in the Association in addition to Alberta land surveyors and prescribing the privileges and obligations of the categories of membership so established; (g) providing for the election or appointment of Alberta land surveyors to fill vacancies on the Council or any other elected office; (h) providing for the hiring of employees of the Association and the bonding of those employees; (i) providing for the appointment of an Acting Registrar who has all of the powers and may perform all of the duties of the Registrar under this Act, the regulations and the bylaws when the Registrar is absent or unable to act or when there is a vacancy in the office of Registrar; (j) prescribing the number of Alberta land surveyors that constitutes a quorum at meetings of the Association; (k) governing the establishment, operation and proceedings of boards and committees, the appointment and revocation of members of boards and committees, the appointment of acting members and procedures for filling vacancies on boards and committees and for delegating any power or duty of the Council under the Act, regulations or bylaws to a board or committee established by the Council or under this Act; (l) prescribing fees and expenses payable to members of the Council, the Discipline Committee, the Board or the Registration Committee and of any other board or committee for attending to the business of the Association; (m) respecting the establishment and payment of sums of money for scholarships, fellowships and any other educational incentive or benefit program that the Council considers appropriate; (n) governing the information to be engraved on stamps and the use of them by surveyor’s corporations and surveyor’s partnerships; (o) prescribing the date or dates on which an annual certificate expires; (p) requiring a practitioner or class of practitioners to carry professional liability insurance and governing the minimum coverage required to be carried by a practitioner or class of practitioners; (q) respecting the fees, dues and levies payable to the Association by practitioners and other members of the Association; (r) respecting the establishment, content and maintenance of registers of practitioners and of records of other categories of membership to be kept by the Registrar; (s) respecting the removal from the registers and records of a memorandum or entry made in them under this Act or the regulations or the bylaws; (t) governing the publication of a notice of the approval for or suspension or cancellation of the registration of a practitioner in a form and manner prescribed by the Council; (u) authorizing the Council to prescribe the form of articles, a certificate of registration, a permit, an annual certificate and any other document that may be required; (v) respecting the holding of votes by mail on any matter relating to the Association; (w) prescribing an oath of office and requiring all applicants for registration as Alberta land surveyors to take that oath; (x) governing the publication of lists of practitioners and other members and the information to be included in those lists. (2) A bylaw under subsection (1) does not come into force unless it is approved by a majority of Alberta land surveyors (a) present and voting at a general meeting, or (b) voting at a vote conducted by mail in accordance with the bylaws. (3) The Regulations Act does not apply to the bylaws of the Association made under this section. 1981 cL‑4.1 s16 Consultation with Ministers required 17.1 Before the Council, by regulation, establishes or amends the academic qualifications and training requirements of applicants for registration as Alberta land surveyors, the Council must consult with the Minister and the Minister responsible for Parts 1 to 3 of the Post‑secondary Learning Act and must consider the comments received from those Ministers. 2010 c7 s4 Part 4 Registration Registers 18 (1) The Registrar shall maintain, in accordance with the bylaws and subject to the direction of the Council, a register for each of the following: (a) Alberta land surveyors, (b) surveyor’s corporations, and (c) surveyor’s partnerships. (2) The Registrar shall enter in the appropriate register the name of a person (a) whose registration has been approved by the Council or the Registration Committee, and (b) who has paid the fee prescribed under the bylaws. (3) The Registrar shall maintain, in accordance with the bylaws and subject to the direction of the Council, a membership record of the members other than practitioners in each category of membership established under the bylaws. (4) The Registrar shall enter in the appropriate membership record for the applicable category of membership the name of a person whose membership has been approved by the Council in accordance with the bylaws. 1981 cL‑4.1 s17 List of practitioners 19 The Registrar may publish from time to time in accordance with the bylaws a list of those practitioners who, at the date of publication of the list, are entitled to engage in the practice of land surveying. 1981 cL‑4.1 s18 Registration Committee 20 (1) There is hereby established a Registration Committee composed of those persons appointed by the Council. (2) The Registration Committee shall consider applications for the registration of applicants as Alberta land surveyors in accordance with this Part, the regulations and the bylaws and may (a) approve the registration, (b) refuse the registration, or (c) defer the approval of registration until it is satisfied that the applicant has complied with a requirement made under this section. (3) The Registration Committee may, in its discretion, require an applicant for registration to obtain more experience of a kind satisfactory to the Registration Committee for a period set by the Committee before approving the registration. 1981 cL‑4.1 s19 Review by the Council 21 (1) The Registration Committee shall send a written notice of any decision made by it under this Part to the applicant. (2) If the decision made by the Registration Committee is to refuse or defer registration of the applicant, reasons for the decision must be sent in writing to the applicant. (3) An applicant whose application for registration has been refused by the Registration Committee may, within 30 days after receiving a notice of refusal and the reasons for the refusal, request the Council to review the application by serving on the Registrar a written request for review by the Council setting out the reasons why, in the applicant’s opinion, the applicant’s registration as an Alberta land surveyor should be approved. (4) The Council shall, after receipt of a request for review under this section, review the application. (5) The applicant for registration (a) shall be notified in writing by the Council of the date, place and time that it will review the matter, and (b) is entitled to appear and to make representations to the Council when it reviews the matter. (6) A member of the Registration Committee who is also a member of the Council may participate at a review by the Council under this section but shall not vote in a decision of the Council. (7) On considering a review under this section, the Council may make any decision the Registration Committee may make under this Part. 1981 cL‑4.1 s20 Registration as a surveyor ’ s corporation 22 The Council may approve the registration of a corporation incorporated or registered under the Companies Act that has applied to the Council and is eligible under the regulations to be registered as a surveyor’s corporation. 1981 cL‑4.1 s21 Registration as a surveyor ’ s partnership 23 (1) The Council may approve the registration of a surveyor’s partnership that applies to the Council and is eligible under the regulations to be registered as a surveyor’s partnership. (2) Nothing in this Act or the regulations requires a partnership consisting solely of Alberta land surveyors or surveyor’s corporations, or both, to hold a permit under this Act. 1981 cL‑4.1 s22 Certificate of registration 24 On entering the name of an Alberta land surveyor in the register, the Registrar shall issue to the surveyor a certificate of registration. 1981 cL‑4.1 s23 Permit 25 (1) On entering the name of a surveyor’s corporation or a surveyor’s partnership in the register, the Registrar shall issue to that corporation or partnership (a) a permit to engage in the practice of surveying, and (b) a stamp engraved as prescribed in the bylaws. (2) A permit issued under subsection (1) expires on January 31 of the year following its issue but may, subject to the approval of the Council, be renewed for additional periods, each not exceeding one year, on payment of the prescribed fee. 1981 cL‑4.1 s24 Annual certificate 26 (1) An Alberta land surveyor shall pay to the Association the annual fee prescribed in accordance with the bylaws. (2) The Registrar shall issue an annual certificate in accordance with the bylaws to an Alberta land surveyor (a) whose registration is not under suspension, and (b) who has paid the annual fee. (3) Subject to this Act, an annual certificate entitles the Alberta land surveyor to engage in the practice of surveying during the year for which the annual certificate is issued. (4) An annual certificate expires on January 31 of the year following its issue or on any other date that is prescribed in the bylaws. 1981 cL‑4.1 s25 Entries in registers 27 (1) The registration of a practitioner is suspended when the decision to suspend the registration is made. (2) The Registrar shall enter a memorandum of suspension of a registration in the appropriate register indicating (a) the duration of the suspension, and (b) the reason for the suspension. (3) The registration of a practitioner is cancelled when the decision to cancel the registration is made. (4) The Registrar shall enter a memorandum of cancellation of a registration in the appropriate register. (5) The Registrar shall not remove from the registers any memorandum made by the Registrar under this section, except in accordance with the bylaws. (6) The Registrar shall, during regular office hours, permit any person to inspect the registers. 1981 cL‑4.1 s26 Cancellation on request 28 (1) The Registrar shall not cancel the registration of a practitioner at the practitioner’s request unless the request for the cancellation has been approved by the Council. (2) When a request for the cancellation of registration is approved by the Council, (a) the Registrar shall cancel that registration, and (b) the practitioner requesting the cancellation shall, on being notified of the approval, surrender to the Registrar any certificate, permit or stamp issued to the practitioner. 1981 cL‑4.1 s27 Conditions respecting corporations 29 (1) A surveyor’s corporation may engage in the practice of surveying in its corporate name or any other name approved under the regulations. (2) A surveyor’s corporation shall advise the Registrar in writing of the names of the shareholders, directors and officers of the corporation and of any change in the shareholders, directors or officers forthwith after the change occurs. (3) A surveyor’s corporation shall cause all plans and documents prepared in the course of the practice of surveying that require certification to be (a) signed by the Alberta land surveyor who had personal supervision, direction and control over their preparation, and (b) imprinted with the stamp issued to the corporation. 1981 cL‑4.1 s28 Conditions respecting partnerships 30 (1) A surveyor’s partnership may engage in the practice of surveying in its partnership name or any other name approved under the regulations. (2) A surveyor’s partnership shall advise the Registrar in writing of the names of the partners and of any change in the partnership or the partnership agreement forthwith after the change occurs. (3) A surveyor’s partnership shall cause all plans and documents prepared in the practice of surveying that require certification to be (a) signed by the Alberta land surveyor who had personal supervision, direction and control over their preparation, and (b) imprinted with the stamp issued to the partnership. 1981 cL‑4.1 s29 Cancellation 31 (1) The Council may direct the Registrar to cancel the registration of (a) a practitioner who is in default of payment of annual fees, a penalty, costs or any other fees, dues or levies payable under this Act, the regulations or the bylaws, (b) a surveyor’s corporation that does not have shareholders, directors or officers in accordance with the regulations, (c) a surveyor’s partnership that does not meet the requirements of the regulations in respect of partners, or (d) a practitioner who does not comply with the business address requirements of the regulations after the expiration of 30 days following the service on the practitioner of a written notice by the Council pursuant to subsection (2), unless the practitioner on whom the notice is served complies with the notice. (2) The notice under subsection (1) shall state that the Registrar may cancel the registration unless, as the case may be, (a) the fees, penalties, costs, dues or levies are paid as indicated in the notice, or (b) evidence satisfactory to the Council is received by it within the time prescribed in the notice indicating that (i) the Alberta land surveyor is complying with the residency requirements; (ii) the surveyor’s corporation has shareholders, directors or officers in accordance with the regulations; (iii) the surveyor’s partnership meets the requirements in respect of partners; (iv) the practitioner has complied with the business address requirements. (3) The Council may direct the Registrar to cancel a registration made in error in the register. (4) If the registration of a practitioner is cancelled under this section, the former practitioner shall forthwith surrender to the Registrar any certificate, permit or stamp issued to the former practitioner. 1981 cL‑4.1 s30;1995 c2 s6 Reinstatement 32 (1) If a registration is cancelled pursuant to section 31, the Council may, subject to the regulations and the bylaws, direct the Registrar to reinstate that registration in the applicable register and reissue the certificate, permit or stamp. (2) When the Registrar cancels a registration pursuant to section 31, the Registrar shall not re‑enter that registration in the register or reissue a certificate, permit or stamp except when directed to do so by the Council or by an order of the Court. 1981 cL‑4.1 s31 Part 5 Discipline Definitions 33 In this Part, (a) “chair” means the chair of the Discipline Committee and includes a vice‑chair; (b) “conduct” includes any act or omission; (c) “investigated person” means an Alberta land surveyor, surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership with respect to whose conduct an investigation by the Discipline Committee is being held under this Part. 1981 cL‑4.1 s32 Discipline Committee 34 (1) There is hereby established a Discipline Committee. (2) The Discipline Committee shall consist of Alberta land surveyors appointed by the Council. (3) The Council shall designate a chair and one or more vice‑chairs from among the members of the Discipline Committee. 1981 cL‑4.1 s33 Unprofessional conduct and unskilled practice 35 (1) Any conduct of a practitioner that, in the opinion of the Discipline Committee, (a) is detrimental to the best interests of the public, (b) contravenes a code of ethics of the profession as established under the regulations, (c) harms or tends to harm the standing of the profession of surveying generally, (d) displays a lack of knowledge of or lack of skill or judgment in the practice of surveying, or (e) displays a lack of knowledge of or lack of skill or judgment in the carrying out of any duty or obligation undertaken in the practice of surveying, whether or not that conduct is disgraceful or dishonourable, constitutes either unskilled practice of surveying or unprofessional conduct, whichever the Discipline Committee finds. (2) If an investigated person fails to comply with or contravenes this Act, the regulations or the bylaws, and the failure or contravention is, in the opinion of the Discipline Committee, of a serious nature, the failure or contravention may be found by the Discipline Committee to be unprofessional conduct whether or not it would be so found under subsection (1). 1981 cL‑4.1 s34 Complaints 36 (1) A person may make a complaint to the Registrar about the conduct of a practitioner and the complaint shall be dealt with in accordance with this Part and the regulations. (2) A complaint respecting the conduct of a practitioner whose registration was cancelled pursuant to this Act may, notwithstanding the cancellation, be dealt with within one year following the date of cancellation of the registration as if the cancellation had not occurred. 1981 cL‑4.1 s35 Mediation 37 A person designated by the Council as a mediator may assist in settling a complaint, whether in writing or not, made to the Registrar if the complainant and the practitioner about whose conduct the complaint is made so agree, but if within 30 days after the date of receipt of the complaint or a longer period agreed to by those persons a settlement of the complaint between those persons does not occur or in the mediator’s opinion is not likely to occur, the complaint (a) if it is in writing, shall be referred forthwith by the mediator to the chair, or (b) if it is not in writing, may be referred by the mediator or the complainant to the chair. 1981 cL‑4.1 s36 Preliminary investigation 38 (1) If a complaint has been made in writing, the chair shall investigate the conduct of the practitioner within 30 days after the date on which the complaint is brought to the chair’s attention by a mediator, a complainant or any other person. (2) The Council on the application of the chair may extend the 30‑day period mentioned in subsection (1). (3) If a complaint is not made in writing, the chair shall investigate the conduct of the practitioner as soon as is reasonable after the complaint is brought to the chair’s attention. (4) The chair may, at any time during an investigation of a complaint, conduct a preliminary investigation or appoint a person to conduct a preliminary investigation into the conduct or alleged conduct of a practitioner. 1981 cL‑4.1 s37 Report of preliminary investigation 39 (1) A person conducting a preliminary investigation may (a) request any person to answer any question and to produce to the person any plans, documents, papers, notes or records in the person’s possession or under the person’s control, (b) with the consent of the person producing them, copy and keep copies of any of the things that are produced to the person under clause (a), and (c) appoint an Alberta land surveyor to conduct a survey on the person’s behalf for the purpose of assisting the person in the person’s preliminary investigation. (2) The person conducting the preliminary investigation shall conduct the investigation in a manner considered by the person to be most suitable in all the circumstances. (3) A person conducting a preliminary investigation may investigate any other matter regarding the conduct of the investigated person that arises in the course of the investigation. (4) If a person other than the chair or vice‑chair conducts a preliminary investigation, that person shall forthwith, on concluding the preliminary investigation, report to the person who appointed that person. 1981 cL‑4.1 s38 Referral to the Discipline Committee 40 (1) The chair, on concluding an investigation of a complaint made in writing, shall forthwith (a) direct that no further action be taken, if the chair is of the opinion that the complaint is frivolous or vexatious, or (b) refer the complaint to the Discipline Committee. (2) On concluding a review or investigation that was not made as a result of a complaint in writing, the chair may refer the matter to the Discipline Committee if the chair is of the opinion that it should be considered by that Committee. 1981 cL‑4.1 s39 Notice 41 If the chair (a) directs that no further action be taken, or (b) refers a complaint to the Discipline Committee, the chair shall serve on the investigated person and on the complainant, if any, a copy of the complaint and a notice that no further action will be taken or that the complaint has been referred to the Discipline Committee. 1981 cL‑4.1 s40 Appeal by complainant to the Discipline Committee 42 (1) A complainant who is served with a notice under section 41 that no further action will be taken may, within 30 days after receipt of the notice and by notice in writing to the Registrar, appeal that direction to the Discipline Committee. (2) On an appeal under subsection (1), the Discipline Committee shall determine whether the complaint (a) is frivolous or vexatious, or (b) should be investigated and heard by it in accordance with this Part. (3) The Discipline Committee shall notify the complainant and the practitioner concerned in writing of its decision under subsection (2). 1981 cL‑4.1 s41 Right to counsel 43 The Association and the investigated person may appear and be represented by counsel at a hearing before the Discipline Committee. 1981 cL‑4.1 s42 Proceedings in private 44 All proceedings under this Part except those before the Court or the Court of Appeal shall be held in camera. 1981 cL‑4.1 s43 Notice of hearing 45 (1) The Discipline Committee shall, on referral to it by the chair of a complaint or conduct, investigate the matter and hold a hearing. (2) The hearing shall be held not more than 30 days from the date on which the matter is referred to the Discipline Committee by the chair. (3) The chair may extend the period mentioned in subsection (2) for one or more additional periods, each not exceeding 30 days. (4) The Discipline Committee shall serve on the investigated person a notice of hearing stating the date, time and place that the Discipline Committee will hold a hearing and giving reasonable particulars of the complaint in respect of which the hearing will be held. 1981 cL‑4.1 s44 Further investigation 46 (1) The Discipline Committee may investigate and hear any other matter concerning the conduct of the investigated person that arises in the course of an investigation or hearing, but in that event the Discipline Committee shall declare its intention to hear the further matter and shall permit that person sufficient opportunity to prepare the person’s answer to the further matter. (2) This Part applies to an investigation of a further matter under subsection (1). 1981 cL‑4.1 s45 Evidence 47 (1) Evidence may be given before the Discipline Committee in any manner that the Committee considers appropriate, and the Committee is not bound by the rules of law respecting evidence applicable to judicial proceedings. (2) For the purposes of an investigation, hearing or review under this Act, the Registrar or any member of the Council, the Discipline Committee or the Board is conferred with the power of a commissioner for oaths under the Notaries and Commissioners Act . RSA 2000 cL‑3 s47;2013 cN‑5.5 s32 Witness 48 (1) The investigated person and any other person who in the opinion of the Discipline Committee has knowledge of the complaint or the conduct being investigated are compellable witnesses in any proceeding under this Part. (2) A witness may be examined under oath on all matters relevant to the investigation or hearing before the Discipline Committee and shall not be excused from answering any question on the ground that the answer might tend to (a) incriminate the witness, (b) subject the witness to punishment under this Part, or (c) establish the witness’s liability (i) to a civil proceeding at the instance of the Crown or of any other person, or (ii) to prosecution under any Act, but if the answer so given tends to incriminate the witness, subject the witness to punishment or establish the witness’s liability, it shall not be used or received against the witness in any civil proceedings, in a prosecution under Part 7 or in any proceeding under any other Act, except in a prosecution for or proceedings in respect of perjury or the giving of contradictory evidence. (3) For the purpose of obtaining the testimony of a witness who is out of Alberta, a judge of the Court on an application ex parte by the Association may direct the obtaining of the evidence of the witness in the manner provided under the Alberta Rules of Court for the taking of the evidence of a person outside Alberta. RSA 2000 cL‑3 s48;2009 c53 s94 Enforcement of attendance and production of documents 49 (1) The attendance of witnesses before the Discipline Committee and the production of plans, documents, papers, photographs, notes or records may be enforced by a notice issued by the Registrar requiring the witness to attend and stating the date, time and place at which the witness is to attend and the plans, documents, papers, photographs, notes or records, if any, the witness is required to produce. (2) On the written request of the investigated person, the Registrar shall without charge issue and deliver to that person any notices that the person may require for the attendance of witnesses or the production of documents. (3) A witness other than the investigated person who has been served with a notice to attend or a notice for the production of any thing under subsection (1) or (2) is entitled to be paid the same fees, expenses and allowances as are payable to witnesses in an action before the Court. RSA 2000 cL‑3 s49;2009 c53 s94 Civil contempt 50 (1) Proceedings for civil contempt of court may be brought against a witness (a) who fails (i) to attend before the Discipline Committee in compliance with a notice to attend, (ii) to produce any plans, documents, papers, photographs, notes or records in compliance with a notice to produce them, or (iii) in any way to comply with either notice, or (b) who refuses to be sworn or to answer any question the witness is directed to answer by the Discipline Committee. (2) If the witness referred to in subsection (1) is the investigated person, the witness’s failure or refusal may be held to be unprofessional conduct. 1981 cL‑4.1 s49 Absence of investigated person 51 The Discipline Committee, on proof of service of the notice of hearing on the investigated person, may (a) proceed with the hearing in the absence of the investigated person, and (b) act and report on the matter being heard in the same way as though the investigated person were in attendance. 1981 cL‑4.1 s50 Finding by the Discipline Committee 52 (1) The Discipline Committee may find that the conduct of an investigated person constitutes neither unskilled practice of surveying nor unprofessional conduct. (2) The Discipline Committee may find that the conduct of an investigated person constitutes unskilled practice of surveying or unprofessional conduct, or both, and shall deal with the investigated person in accordance with this Part. 1981 cL‑4.1 s51 Powers of the Discipline Committee 53 If the Discipline Committee finds that the conduct of an investigated person constitutes unskilled practice of surveying or unprofessional conduct, or both, the Discipline Committee may make any one or more of the following orders: (a) reprimand the investigated person;

(b) suspend the registration of an investigated person either generally or from any field of the practice of surveying for a period set by the Discipline Committee; (c) suspend the registration of an investigated person either generally or from any field of practice until (i) the person has completed a specified course of study or obtained supervised practical experience, or (ii) the Discipline Committee is satisfied as to the competence of the investigated person generally or in a specified field of practice; (d) accept in place of a suspension the investigated person’s undertaking to limit the person’s practice; (e) impose conditions on the investigated person’s entitlement to engage in the practice of surveying generally or in any field of practice, including the conditions that the person (i) practise under supervision, (ii) not engage in sole practice, (iii) permit periodic inspections by a person authorized by the Discipline Committee, or (iv) report to the Discipline Committee on specific matters; (f) direct the investigated person to pass a particular course of study or satisfy the Discipline Committee as to the person’s practical competence generally or in a field of practice; (g) direct the investigated person to satisfy the Discipline Committee that a disability or addiction can be or has been overcome, and suspend the person until the Discipline Committee is so satisfied; (h) require the investigated person to take counselling or to obtain any assistance that in the opinion of the Discipline Committee is appropriate; (i) direct the investigated person to waive, reduce or repay a fee for services rendered by the investigated person that, in the opinion of the Discipline Committee, were not rendered or were improperly rendered; (j) cancel the registration of the investigated person; (k) any other order that it considers appropriate in the circumstances. 1981 cL‑4.1 s52 Order to pay costs or a fine 54 (1) The Discipline Committee may, in addition to or instead of dealing with the conduct of an investigated person in accordance with section 53, order that the investigated person pay (a) the costs of the hearing determined in accordance with the regulations, (b) a penalty not exceeding $10 000 to the Association, or (c) both the costs and a penalty under clause (b), within the time set by the order. (2) If the investigated person ordered to pay a penalty, costs, or both, under subsection (1) fails to do so within the time ordered, the Council may suspend the registration of that person until the person has paid the penalty, costs or both. (3) The Discipline Committee, if it finds that a complaint is frivolous or vexatious, may order the complainant to pay the costs of the preliminary investigation and the hearing before the Discipline Committee determined in accordance with the regulations. (4) A penalty or costs ordered to be paid to the Association under this section are a debt due to the Association and may be recovered by the Association by civil action for debt. 1981 cL‑4.1 s53 Service of written decision 55 (1) The Discipline Committee shall, within a reasonable time after the conclusion of a hearing before it, make a written decision on the matter, in which it shall (a) describe each finding made by it in accordance with this Part, (b) state the reasons for each finding made by it, and (c) state any order made under this Part. (2) The Discipline Committee shall forward to the Registrar (a) the decision, and (b) the record of the hearing, consisting of all evidence presented before it, including (i) all exhibits, (ii) all documents and records, and (iii) a transcript of all testimony given before it, whether recorded electronically, mechanically or in handwritten form. (3) The Registrar shall, immediately on receiving the decision and the record of the hearing referred to in subsection (2), serve (a) a copy of the decision on the investigated person, and (b) a notice of the nature of the decision on the complainant, if any. (4) The investigated person or the person’s counsel or agent may examine the record or any part of the record of the proceedings and hear any recording or examine any mechanical or handwritten form of record of any testimony. 1981 cL‑4.1 s54 Suspension pending appeal 56 (1) Notwithstanding an appeal under this Part, the Discipline Committee may order that its decision remain in effect until the time that the Council or the Court of Appeal makes a decision on the appeal. (2) An investigated person may, by filing an application with the Court and serving a copy on the Registrar, apply for an order staying the decision of the Discipline Committee pending the determination of the appeal. (3) The Court may hear an application made under this section not fewer than 10 days after the application is served on the Registrar. (4) On hearing an application made under this section the Court may, subject to any conditions that it considers proper, stay the decision of the Discipline Committee pending the determination of the appeal. RSA 2000 cL‑3 s56;2009 c53 s94 Appeal to Council 57 (1) An investigated person may appeal to the Council on the record of the hearing before the Discipline Committee (a) a finding made by the Discipline Committee, or (b) an order of the Discipline Committee or both. (2) An appeal under subsection (1) shall be commenced by a written notice of appeal that shall (a) describe the finding or order appealed, (b) state the reasons for the appeal, and (c) be served on the Registrar not more than 30 days after the date on which the decision of the Discipline Committee was served on the investigated person. (3) The Registrar shall, on receiving a notice of appeal under subsection (2), give the Council a copy of the notice of appeal and make the record of the hearing available to each member of the Council. 1981 cL‑4.1 s56 Time of appeal 58 (1) The Council, on receiving a notice of appeal under section 57, shall serve on the investigated person a notice of hearing of an appeal stating the date, time and place at which the Council will hear the matters appealed. (2) The Council shall, at its first meeting following the expiration of at least 15 days after the date of service of a notice of appeal, consider the decision of the Discipline Committee and shall hear any representations that the investigated person or the person’s counsel wishes to make respecting the record and the decision. (3) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the Council may, on the written request of the investigated person or the Registrar, postpone the hearing for one or more periods, each not exceeding 30 days. 1981 cL‑4.1 s57 Powers of Council on appeal 59 (1) The Association’s counsel may participate in the hearing of an appeal before the Council. (2) A member of the Council who is also a member of the Discipline Committee may participate in an appeal before the Council but shall not vote in a decision of the Council on the appeal. (3) The Council on an appeal may do any or all of the following: (a) grant adjournments of the proceedings or reserve the determination of the matters before it for a future meeting of the Council; (b) receive further evidence on granting special leave for that purpose; (c) draw inferences of fact and make a determination or finding that, in its opinion, ought to have been made by the Discipline Committee. (4) The Council shall, not more than 30 days from the date of the conclusion of all proceedings before it, do any or all of the following: (a) make any finding that, in its opinion, ought to have been made by the Discipline Committee; (b) quash, confirm or vary the finding or order of the Discipline Committee or substitute or make a finding or order of its own; (c) refer the matter back to the Discipline Committee for further consideration in accordance with any direction that the Council may make. (5) The Council may order the investigated person to pay the costs of the appeal determined in accordance with the regulations. (6) Sections 47, 51, 55 and 56 apply to the hearing of an appeal by the Council. 1981 cL‑4.1 s58 Appeal to the Court of Appeal 60 (1) An investigated person may appeal to the Court of Appeal any finding or order made by the Council in accordance with section 59. (2) The Association shall be the respondent in an appeal under subsection (1) and may make representations to the Court of Appeal. (3) An appeal under this section shall be commenced (a) by filing a notice of appeal with the Registrar of the Court of Appeal in Edmonton or Calgary, and (b) by serving a copy of the notice of appeal on the Registrar, both within 30 days from the date on which the decision of the Council is served on the investigated person. 1981 cL‑4.1 s60;1987 c28 s4 Order for stay pending appeal 61 The appellant may, after commencing an appeal and on notice to the Registrar, apply to the Court of Appeal for an order staying all or any part of the decision of the Council appealed. 1981 cL‑4.1 s61;1987 c28 s5 Material in support of appeal 62 (1) An appeal under section 60 shall be supported by copies, certified by the Registrar, of the decision of the Council and of the record of the appeal before the Council. (2) The Registrar, on being paid any disbursements and expenses in connection with a request made by the appellant, shall furnish to the appellant the number of copies so requested of the documents mentioned in subsection (1). 1981 cL‑4.1 s62;1987 c28 s6 Power of the Court on appeal 63 (1) The Court of Appeal on hearing the appeal may do any or all of the following: (a) make any finding that, in its opinion, ought to have been made; (b) quash, confirm or vary the order or decision of the Council or any part of it; (c) refer the matter back to the Council for further consideration in accordance with any direction of the Court of Appeal; (d) direct that a new trial of any mixed questions of law and fact relating to a finding or order of the Council made under this Part be held before the Court of King’s Bench. (2) The Court of Appeal may make any award as to the costs of an appeal to it that it considers appropriate. RSA 2000 cL‑3 s63;AR 217/2022 Fraudulent registration 64 (1) If after a hearing on the matter the Council is satisfied that a person whose registration is entered in the register obtained registration by means of any false or fraudulent representation or declaration either oral or written, the Council shall order that the registration be cancelled. (2) The provisions of this Part respecting the procedures of the Discipline Committee apply to a hearing held by the Council under subsection (1). 1981 cL‑4.1 s64 Surrender of certificates 65 (1) If the registration of a practitioner has been suspended or cancelled under this Part, the practitioner or former practitioner, as the case may be, shall forthwith surrender to the Registrar any certificate, permit or stamp issued to the practitioner or former practitioner. (2) If the registration of a practitioner has been cancelled under this Part, the registration shall not be reinstated in the register except by order of the Council or the Court of Appeal. (3) No order shall be made under subsection (2) within one year after (a) the date on which the registration was cancelled, or (b) if an order was granted under this Part staying the imposition of a punishment imposed by the Council and the punishment is later confirmed by the Court of Appeal, the date on which the Court of Appeal made its order confirming the punishment. (4) A member of the Council who is a member of a committee of inquiry appointed pursuant to the regulations to consider an application under this Part for reinstatement of registration may participate in or vote at any proceedings of the Council under this section, and the Registrar and the Association’s counsel may participate in those proceedings. 1981 cL‑4.1 s65;1987 c28 s8 Misrepresentation of status 66 The conduct of a person who is or was registered as a practitioner who represents or holds out that the person is registered and in good standing while the person’s registration is suspended or cancelled may be dealt with under this Part as being unprofessional conduct. 1981 cL‑4.1 s66 Part 6 General Liability to others 67 (1) The relationship between a surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership engaged in the practice of surveying and a person receiving the professional services of the surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership is subject to this Act, the regulations and any other law applicable to the relationship between an Alberta land surveyor and the surveyor’s client. (2) The relationship of an Alberta land surveyor to a surveyor’s corporation, whether as shareholder, director, officer or employee of the surveyor’s corporation, does not affect, modify or diminish the application of this Act, the regulations and the bylaws (a) to that person personally as an Alberta land surveyor, or (b) to the relationship between the Alberta land surveyor and the surveyor’s client. 1981 cL‑4.1 s67 Exemption from municipal licence 68 No municipality has the power to require any practitioner to obtain a licence from the municipality to engage in the practice of surveying. 1998 c36 s4 Registrar ’ s certificate 69 (1) A certificate purporting to be signed by the Registrar and stating that a named corporation or partnership was or was not, on a specified day or during a specified period, a surveyor’s corporation or surveyor’s partnership, as the case may be, shall be admitted in evidence as proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the facts stated in it without proof of the Registrar’s appointment or signature. (2) A certificate purporting to be signed by the Registrar and stating that a named individual was or was not, on a specified day or during a specified period, (a) an Alberta land surveyor, or (b) an officer of the Association or member of the Council, the Discipline Committee or the Board shall be admitted in evidence as proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the facts stated in it without proof of the Registrar’s appointment or signature. 1981 cL‑4.1 s68 Protection from liability 70 (1) No action lies against (a) any person conducting a preliminary investigation, a member of the Discipline Committee, the Council, the Registration Committee or the Board, the Registrar, the Association or any person acting on the instructions of any of them, or (b) any member, officer or employee of the Association for anything done by that person or body in good faith and in purporting to act under this Act, the regulations or the bylaws. (2) No action for defamation may be founded on a communication that consists of or pertains to a complaint regarding the conduct of a practitioner if the communication is published to or by (a) the Association, (b) a member of the Council, the Discipline Committee, the Registration Committee or the Board, (c) a person conducting a preliminary investigation, (d) an officer or employee of the Association, or (e) a person acting on the instructions of any of them in good faith in the course of investigating the complaint or in the course of any proceeding under Part 5 relating to the complaint. 1981 cL‑4.1 s69 Part 7 Prohibitions and Penalties Practice prohibitions 71 (1) A person whose registration as a practitioner is cancelled or suspended under this Act shall not, without the consent of the Council, engage in the practice of land surveying under this Act or directly or indirectly associate in the practice of land surveying with any other practitioner. (2) No practitioner shall, except with the consent of the Council, associate in the practice of land surveying directly or indirectly with or employ in connection with the practitioner’s practice a person whose registration has been cancelled or suspended under this Act. (3) The Council may permit a practitioner to employ in connection with the practitioner’s practice a person whose registration has been cancelled or suspended under this Act, but the employment shall be in the capacity and subject to the terms and conditions that are prescribed by the Council. 1981 cL‑4.1 s70 Penalties 72 (1) Every person and every officer, employee or agent of a corporation who contravenes section 3, 4, 5, 28(2)(b) or 31(4) or this Part is guilty of an offence and liable (a) for a first offence, to a fine of not more than $2000, (b) for a 2nd offence, to a fine of not more than $4000, and (c) for a 3rd and each subsequent offence, to a fine of not more than $6000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than 6 months or both fine and imprisonment. (2) A prosecution under this section may be commenced within 2 years after the commission of the alleged offence, but not afterwards. 1981 cL‑4.1 s71 Onus of proof 73 In a prosecution under this Act, the burden of proving that a person is a practitioner is on the accused. 1981 cL‑4.1 s72