Minor Injury Regulation

(Consolidated up to 199/2025) ALBERTA REGULATION 123/2004 Insurance Act MINOR INJURY REGULATION Table of Contents 1 Definitions Part 1 Assessment of Injuries and Determination of Minor Injury 2 Injuries must be assessed separately 3 Injury must be primary contributing factor 4 Determination of minor injury 5 Protocols not followed Part 2 Damages Recoverable for Non‑pecuniary Loss 6 Damages recoverable for non‑pecuniary loss for minor injuries 7 Damages recoverable for non‑pecuniary loss for minor and non‑minor injuries Part 3 Certified Examiner Division 1 Assessment by Certified Examiner 8 Disagreement as to whether injury is or is not a minor injury 9 Scheduling of assessment 10 Assessment by certified examiner 11 Opinion of certified examiner 12 Prima facie evidence 13 Cost of assessment and opinion 14 Manner of giving notice Division 2 Certified Examiners Register 15 Register established 16 Eligibility requirements 17 Ceasing to be a certified examiner 18.1 Transitional Part 4 Coming into Force 20 Coming into force Definitions 1 (1) For the purpose of section 597(1) of the Act and this Regulation, (a) “accident” means an accident arising from the use or operation of an automobile; (b) “Act” means the Insurance Act ; (c) “certified examiner” means a physician or dentist who is entered in the certified examiners register in accordance with Division 2 of Part 3; (d) “certified examiners register” means the register of certified examiners established under section 15; (e) “claimant” means a person injured as a result of an accident; (f) repealed AR 204/2020 s2; (g) “defendant” means a person against whom an accident claim is made or may be made and includes, without limitation, (i) that person’s insurer, (ii) any insurer made a third party to the claim by the Court under section 579(14) of the Act, and (iii) the Administrator of the Motor Vehicle Accident Claims Act when the Administrator is added as a party to an action in respect of the claim by order under section 4(5) of that Act; (h) “minor injury”, in respect of an accident, means (i) a sprain, (ii) a strain, or (iii) a WAD injury caused by the accident that does not result in a serious impairment and includes, in respect of a sprain, strain or WAD injury that occurs on or after November 1, 2020, any clinically associated sequelae of the sprain, strain or WAD injury, whether physical or psychological in nature, caused by the accident that do not result in a serious impairment; (h.1) “minor injury amount” means the total amount recoverable under section 6 as damages for non‑pecuniary loss for all minor injuries sustained by a claimant as a result of an accident; (i) “prescribed” means established by the Minister under section 803 of the Act; (j) “serious impairment”, in respect of a claimant, means an impairment of a physical or cognitive function (i) that results in a substantial inability to perform the (A) essential tasks of the claimant’s regular employment, occupation or profession, despite reasonable efforts to accommodate the claimant’s impairment and the claimant’s reasonable efforts to use the accommodation to allow the claimant to continue the claimant’s employment, occupation or profession, (B) essential tasks of the claimant’s training or education in a program or course that the claimant was enrolled in or had been accepted for enrolment in at the time of the accident, despite reasonable efforts to accommodate the claimant’s impairment and the claimant’s reasonable efforts to use the accommodation to allow the claimant to continue the claimant’s training or education, or (C) normal activities of the claimant’s daily living, (ii) that has been ongoing since the accident, and (iii) that is expected not to improve substantially; (k) “sprain” means an injury to one or more tendons or ligaments, or to both; (l) “strain” means an injury to one or more muscles; (m) “Superintendent” means the Superintendent of Insurance appointed under the Act; (n) “WAD injury” means a whiplash‑associated disorder other than one that exhibits one or both of the following: (i) objective, demonstrable, definable and clinically relevant neurological signs; (ii) a fracture to or a dislocation of the spine. (2) For the purposes of this Regulation, an injury in respect of an accident involving or surrounding the temporomandibular joint is a sprain, strain or WAD injury unless the injury involves (a) damage to bone or teeth, or (b) damage to or displacement of the articular disc. (3) Subsection (2) applies only in respect of an injury described in that subsection that occurs on or after June 1, 2018. (4) For the purposes of this Regulation, a reference to a sprain, strain or WAD injury includes a reference to any clinically associated sequelae of the sprain, strain or WAD injury, whether physical or psychological in nature. (5) Subsection (4) applies only in respect of an injury described in that subsection that occurs on or after November 1, 2020. AR 123/2004 s1;260/2006;73/2018;204/2020 Part 1 Assessment of Injuries and Determination of Minor Injury Injuries must be assessed separately 2 If a claimant sustains more than one injury as a result of an accident, each injury must be assessed separately to determine whether the injury is or is not a minor injury. 2.1 Repealed AR 204/2020 s3. Injury must be primary contributing factor 3 For a sprain, strain or WAD injury to be considered to have resulted in a serious impairment, the sprain, strain or WAD injury must be the primary factor contributing to the impairment. Determination of minor injury 4 (1) The determination as to whether an injury sustained by a claimant as a result of an accident is or is not a minor injury must be based on (a) a determination as to whether the injury is a sprain, strain or WAD injury, and (b) if the injury is determined to be a sprain, strain or WAD injury, a determination as to whether the sprain, strain or WAD injury results in a serious impairment. (2) For the purpose of subsection (1)(a), the determination as to whether an injury is a sprain, strain or WAD injury must be based on an individual assessment of the claimant in accordance with the diagnostic protocols established under the Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols Regulation . (3) For the purpose of subsection (1)(b), the determination as to whether a sprain, strain or WAD injury results in a serious impairment must take into account (a) the claimant’s pre‑existing medical history, and (b) the matters referred to in section 1(j)(i) that relate to the claimant. Protocols not followed 5 (1) If (a) a claimant sustains a sprain, strain or WAD injury as a result of an accident, (b) the claimant is, without reasonable excuse, not diagnosed and treated in accordance with the diagnostic and treatment protocols established under the Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols Regulation , and (c) the sprain, strain or WAD injury results in a serious impairment, the sprain, strain or WAD injury shall be considered to be a minor injury unless the claimant establishes that the sprain, strain or WAD injury would have resulted in a serious impairment even if the claimant had been diagnosed and treated in accordance with the protocols referred to in clause (b). (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a claimant who is a person described in provision (2) of the Special Provisions, Definitions and Exclusions of Section B under the Automobile Accident Insurance Benefits Regulations (AR 352/72). Part 2 Damages Recoverable for Non‑pecuniary Loss Damages recoverable for non‑pecuniary loss for minor injuries 6 (1) In this section, (a) “Alberta CPI” means the Consumer Price Index for Alberta published by Statistics Canada; (b) “Alberta escalator” means the Alberta escalator as defined in section 44.2 of the Alberta Personal Income Tax Act . (2) Subject to this section and section 7(2)(a), for the purposes of section 597(2) of the Act, the total amount recoverable as damages for non‑pecuniary loss for all minor injuries sustained by a claimant as a result of an accident is $4000. (3) For the 2007 and subsequent calendar years up to and including the 2024 calendar year, the minor injury amount shall be increased annually, with effect from January 1, by an amount equal to (a) the minor injury amount for the previous calendar year, multiplied by (b) the annual change in the Alberta CPI, determined in accordance with subsection (4) and rounded to 1/10 of a percentage point. (4) For the purposes of subsection (3)(b), the change in the Alberta CPI is the amount determined by the formula where X is the annual change in the Alberta CPI; A is the sum of the 12 individual monthly Alberta CPI indexes for the 12‑month period ending on September 30 of the calendar year that ended before the commencement of the calendar year for which the increase is being calculated; B is the sum of the 12 individual monthly Alberta CPI indexes for the 12‑month period immediately preceding the 12‑month period referred to in A. (5) If the annual change determined in accordance with subsection (4) is a negative number, that negative number shall be treated as if it were zero. (5.1) For the 2025 calendar year, the minor injury amount is $6182. (5.2) For the 2026 calendar year and subsequent calendar years, the minor injury amount shall be increased annually, with effect from January 1, by an amount equal to (a) the minor injury amount for the previous calendar year, multiplied by (b) the Alberta escalator. (6) The minor injury amount for a calendar year after 2006 applies only in respect of accidents that occur during that calendar year. (7) The Superintendent shall publish the following information in The Alberta Gazette before the end of each calendar year: (a) the minor injury amount for the following calendar year; (b) the Superintendent’s calculation of that amount. AR 123/2004 s6;260/2006;73/2018;211/2024 Damages recoverable for non‑pecuniary loss for minor and non‑minor injuries 7 (1) In this section, “non‑minor injury” means an injury other than a minor injury. (2) If a claimant sustains one or more minor injuries and one or more non‑minor injuries as a result of an accident, the assessment of damages for non‑pecuniary loss for all injuries sustained by the claimant is subject to the following rules: (a) if the non‑minor injury or injuries, when assessed separately from the minor injury or injuries, would result in an award for non‑pecuniary loss of not more than the minor injury amount, the total amount recoverable as damages for non‑pecuniary loss for all injuries sustained by the claimant shall not exceed the minor injury amount; (b) if the non‑minor injury or injuries, when assessed separately from the minor injury or injuries, would result in an award for non‑pecuniary loss of more than the minor injury amount, the total amount recoverable as damages for non‑pecuniary loss for all injuries sustained by the claimant shall be calculated as the total of (i) the amount of damages assessed for non‑pecuniary loss for the non‑minor injury or injuries, and (ii) subject to section 6, the amount of damages assessed for non‑pecuniary loss for the minor injury or injuries. AR 123/2004 s7;260/2006 Part 3 Certified Examiner Division 1 Assessment by Certified Examiner Disagreement as to whether injury is or is not a minor injury 8 (1) If a claimant and a defendant disagree as to whether an injury sustained by the claimant as a result of an accident is or is not a minor injury, either party may give notice to the other party in the prescribed form (a) stating that the party giving notice desires to have a certified examiner assess the claimant for the purpose of giving an opinion as to whether the injury is or is not a minor injury, and (b) specifying the name of the proposed certified examiner. (2) If, on receipt of a notice under subsection (1), the other party (a) accepts the certified examiner proposed under subsection (1)(b), that party must, within 14 days, so notify the party giving notice under subsection (1), or (b) does not accept the certified examiner proposed under subsection (1)(b), that party must, within 14 days, so notify the party giving notice under subsection (1) and provide the name of a certified examiner that the party is willing to accept. (3) If a party fails to provide notice under subsection (2), that party is considered to have accepted the certified examiner proposed under subsection (1)(b). (4) If the parties cannot agree on a certified examiner to assess the claimant, either party may apply to the Superintendent in the prescribed form to select a certified examiner to assess the claimant. (5) The Superintendent must, within 5 business days after receiving an application under subsection (4), select a certified examiner from the certified examiners register. (6) The Superintendent may not select a certified examiner who was proposed by either party under this section. (7) Notwithstanding anything in this section, (a) neither the claimant nor the defendant may give notice under subsection (1) until at least 90 days have passed since the accident; (b) only one assessment of the claimant in respect of the accident may be carried out under this section; (c) a certified examiner is not eligible to assess a claimant under this section if the certified examiner (i) has diagnosed or treated the claimant, or (ii) has been consulted with respect to the diagnosis or treatment of the claimant in respect of any injury arising from the accident. Scheduling of assessment 9 (1) The certified examiner must make reasonable efforts to schedule the assessment of the claimant for a time that is convenient for the claimant and that is within 30 days of the referral to the certified examiner. (2) For the purpose of subsection (1), the certified examiner must give notice in writing to the claimant of the date, time and location of the assessment. Assessment by certified examiner 10 (1) For the purpose of giving an opinion as to whether the claimant’s injury is or is not a minor injury, the certified examiner must assess the claimant to determine in accordance with section 4 (a) whether the claimant’s injury is a sprain, strain or WAD injury, and (b) if the claimant’s injury is determined to be a sprain, strain or WAD injury, whether the sprain, strain or WAD injury results in a serious impairment. (2) For the purpose of conducting an assessment of the claimant, the certified examiner may (a) request the claimant to authorize in writing the release of any relevant diagnostic, treatment or care information in respect of the claimant that is in the possession of a physician or other person, including a provincial health agency, regional health authority or provincial health corporation under the Provincial Health Agencies Act , and (b) receive from the claimant or the defendant any information that either party considers relevant to the assessment. (3) If the claimant, without reasonable excuse, (a) fails to attend an assessment for which notice has been given under section 9 or 11(3), (b) refuses to answer any relevant questions of the certified examiner about (i) the claimant’s medical condition or medical history, or (ii) matters referred to in section 1(j)(i) that relate to the claimant, (c) fails to authorize the release of any relevant diagnostic, treatment or care information in respect of the claimant pursuant to subsection (2)(a), or (d) in any other way obstructs the certified examiner’s assessment, the claimant’s injury shall be considered to be a minor injury. AR 123/2004 s10;125/2024;199/2025 Opinion of certified examiner 11 (1) The certified examiner must, within 30 days of the certified examiner’s assessment of the claimant, prepare an opinion in the prescribed form as to whether the claimant’s injury is or is not a minor injury and provide a copy of that opinion to each party. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), if the certified examiner is not able to provide an opinion under subsection (1) without further assessing the claimant, the certified examiner may, on written notice to the parties, require the claimant to attend a further assessment, in which case the certified examiner must provide an opinion under subsection (1) within 30 days of that further assessment. (3) A notice under subsection (2) must contain (a) the reason for the further assessment of the claimant, and (b) the date, time and location of the further assessment. (4) A further assessment of the claimant under subsection (2) must be completed within 6 months of the first assessment of the claimant. Prima facie evidence 12 The opinion of the certified examiner is prima facie evidence that the claimant’s injury is or is not a minor injury, as the case may be. Cost of assessment and opinion 13 (1) An assessment conducted and opinion provided by a certified examiner under this Division are to be at the expense of the party requesting the assessment and opinion. (2) The Superintendent may establish specific fees and disbursements or the maximum fees and disbursements that a certified examiner may charge for conducting an assessment and providing an opinion under this Division. (3) The fees and disbursements or maximum fees and disbursements established under subsection (2) must be published in The Alberta Gazette. Manner of giving notice 14 Where this Division requires or permits a notice or other document to be given to a person, it may be given (a) by sending it to that person by mail to the last known address of that person, (b) by personal service, or (c) by means of a facsimile or an e‑mail if both parties have agreed to either of those methods of sending and receiving notices or other documents. Division 2 Certified Examiners Register Register established 15 (1) The Superintendent must establish, maintain and administer a register of certified examiners. (2) The Superintendent must ensure that the certified examiners register is published in a form and manner so that the register is accessible to the public. Eligibility requirements 16 (1) A person is a certified examiner under this Regulation if, in accordance with this Division, (a) the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta notifies the Superintendent that a physician meets the requirements set out in subsection (2) and the Superintendent enters the physician’s name on the certified examiners register; (b) the Council of the Alberta Dental Association and College notifies the Superintendent that a dentist meets the requirements set out in subsection (2) and the Superintendent enters the dentist’s name on the certified examiners register. (2) A person is eligible to be a certified examiner if the person (a) is an active practising member under the Health Professions Act , (b) has successfully completed an examination approved by the council of the college concerned for admission as a certified examiner, (c) has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the council of the college concerned that the person (i) is knowledgeable with respect to the biopsychosocial model, (ii) is knowledgeable with respect to assessing acute and chronic pain, (iii) is knowledgeable in the application of the International Classification of Diseases, (iv) is experienced in rehabilitation and disability management, (v) is competent in conducting independent assessments and providing third party opinions, and (vi) uses evidence‑based decision‑making in the person’s practice, and (d) meets any additional qualifications established by the Superintendent and approved by the councils of the colleges concerned. (2.1) A dentist who is a certified examiner is only certified to assess a claimant for the purpose of giving an opinion as to whether an injury involving or surrounding the temporomandibular joint that does not involve damage to bone, teeth or cartilage is or is not a minor injury. (3) For the purpose of subsection (2)(iii), “International Classification of Diseases” means the most recent edition of the publication titled the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems , Canada, published by the Canadian Institute of Health Information, based on a publication issued from time to time titled the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems , published by the World Health Organization. AR 123/2004 s16;73/2018;204/2020 Ceasing to be a certified examiner 17 A person ceases to be a certified examiner if (a) the council of the profession concerned notifies the Superintendent that the person’s name is to be removed from the certified examiners register, and (b) the Superintendent removes the person’s name from the certified examiners register. AR 123/2004 s17;204/2020 Transitional 18.1(1) Notwithstanding section 16, the Superintendent may enter the name of a dentist on the certified examiners register when the Council of the Alberta Dental Association and College notifies the Superintendent that the dentist (a) is an active practising member under the Health Professions Act , and (b) in the opinion of the council is able to perform the functions of a certified examiner. (2) A dentist whose name is entered on the certified examiners register under subsection (1) ceases to be a certified examiner (a) on the date the dentist becomes a certified examiner under section 16(1)(b), (b) 2 years from the date this section comes into force or such later date as the Superintendent determines, or (c) on the date the dentist ceases to be a certified examiner under section 17, whichever occurs first. AR 123/2004 s18;73/2018;204/2020 Part 4 Coming into Force 19 Repealed AR 73/2018 s7. Coming into force 20 This Regulation comes into force on October 1, 2004.