Legal Profession Act

LEGAL PROFESSION ACT Chapter L‑8 Table of Contents 1 Definitions Part 1 The Law Society of Alberta The Society 2 Constitution 3 Powers of Society 4 Legal aid plan The Benchers 5 Benchers 6 Powers of Benchers 7 Rules of Society 8 Regulations and bylaws re LLPs 9 Honorary Benchers 10 Number of Benchers 11 Lay Benchers 12 Election of Benchers 13 Eligibility for election 14 Rules re elections 15 Extension of time 16 Notice of elected Benchers 17 Appeal re elections 18 Vacancy 19 Appointment to fill vacancy 20 Meetings 21 Voting at meetings 22 Committee quorum 23 Committee acting when loss of member Officers of the Society 24 Officers of the Society 25 Appointment of officers 26 Auditor Meetings of the Society 27 Meetings of Society 28 Special meetings 29 Effect of resolutions Part 2 Membership and Qualification to Practise Membership 30 Roll of members 31 Students‑at‑law 32 Resignation of member 33 Judicial appointment 35 Inactive members Enrolment 36 Definitions 37 Role of Society re enrolment or admission 38 Students‑at‑law 39 Education Committee 40 Enrolment of holders of Alberta degrees or equivalent 41 Transfer of Canadian lawyers to Alberta 42 Transfer of corporate counsel to Alberta 43 Review of Executive Director ’ s decision 44 Admission to bar and enrolment as member 45 Faculty member or Society employee 46 Members enrolled under RSA 1980 cL‑9 s45 Authorizations 48 Authorizations to outside counsel Part 3 Conduct of Members 49 Interpretation 50 Commencement of order 51 Establishment of Committees 52 Rules of Benchers Division 1 Proceedings Respecting Conduct Deserving of Sanction 53 Review by Executive Director 54 Appeal to Appeal Committee 55 Investigation 56 Review by Conduct Committee 57 Re‑examination by Conduct Committee 58 Practice Review Committee 59 Hearing Committee 60 Admission of guilt 61 Resignation instead of continued proceedings 62 Discontinuance of proceedings 63 Suspension during proceedings 64 Representation by counsel 65 Amendment of notice 66 Membership in Committee continues 67 Burden of proof 68 Evidence 69 Witness 70 Attendance of witnesses 71 Finding by Hearing Committee 72 Order of the Hearing Committee 73 Orders respecting incompetence 74 Written report by Hearing Committee 75 Appeal to Benchers 76 Hearing by Benchers 77 Order by Benchers 78 Public or private proceedings 79 Suspension for non‑payment 80 Appeal to Court of Appeal 81 Procedure on appeal 82 Powers of Court of Appeal Division 2 General 83 Indictable offence 84 Extra‑provincial disciplinary acts 85 Notice of suspension or termination 86 Reinstatement Part 4 Protection of Persons Dealing with Members Division 1 The Assurance Fund 87 Finance Committee 88 Proceedings 89 Assurance Fund 90 Report re Assurance Fund 91 Subrogation of rights Division 2 Seizure and Custody of Property in Member ’ s Possession 92 Definitions 93 Accounting for property 94 Seizure of property 95 Custodian 96 Examination and disposal of property General 97 Extension of time, etc. Part 5 Professional Liability Claims 98 Definitions 99 Payment of claims 100 Funds for indemnity program 101 Rules re assessment Part 6 General 102 Designation as barristers and solicitors 103 Exemption from municipal business licence 104 Recovery of fees 105 Student‑at‑law as counsel 106 Practice of law 107 Misrepresentation as to professional status 108 Bencher ’ s authorization of employment 109 Penalties 110 Proof of offence 111 Injunction 112 Solicitor and client privilege 113 Executive Director ’ s certificate as evidence 114 Service of documents 115 Protection from liability 116 Fees, etc., belong to Society 117 Unattributed trust money Part 7 Alberta Law Foundation 118 Alberta Law Foundation 119 Objects 120 Board of directors 121 Board Bylaws 121.1 Minister bylaw making powers 121.2 Directives 121.3 Regulations 122 Application of funds 123 Application of funds — Legal Aid 123.1 Transitional 124 Annual report 125 Borrowing 126 Trust accounts 127 Dissolution of Foundation 128 Protection from liability Part 8 Professional Corporations 129 Definitions 130 Rules by Benchers 131 Permit 132 Termination of permit 133 Liability of shareholders and employees 134 Voting agreements with non‑members prohibited 135 Application of Act and rules 136 Preservation of solicitor‑client relationships 137 Use of title 138 Effect of discipline 139 Assurance Fund and custodian provisions 140 Exemption from municipal business licence 141 Right to sue 142 Evidence 143 Interpretation Part 9 Transitional 144 Transitional 145 Transitional — application of funds HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, enacts as follows: Definitions 1 In this Act, (a) “active member” means a member other than an inactive member or a member whose membership is under suspension; (b) “Bencher” means a person who holds office as a Bencher of the Society, but does not include an honorary Bencher; (c) “disbar” means terminate the membership of a person in the Society by (i) an order made under Part 3 or an order under any predecessor of this Act of the Benchers then holding office, or (ii) the resignation of that person under section 61; (d) “Hearing Committee” means a Hearing Committee appointed under Part 3; (e) “inactive member” means a member of the Society who, in accordance with the rules, has elected to be an inactive member of the Society; (f) “lay Bencher” means a person who holds office as a Bencher by reason of an appointment under section 11; (g) “member” means a member of the Society, but does not include an honorary member; (h) “Minister” means the Minister determined under section 16 of the Government Organization Act as the Minister responsible for this Act; (i) “professional corporation” means a corporation that is the holder of a permit issued under Part 8; (j) “records” includes (i) ledgers, books, accounts, files, papers or other documents, whether in writing or in electronic form or represented or reproduced by any other means, and (ii) the results of the recording of details of electronic data processing systems and programs to illustrate what the systems and programs do and how they operate; (k) “roll” means the Roll of The Law Society of Alberta; (l) “rules” means the rules of the Society made by the Benchers under this Act; (m) “Society” means The Law Society of Alberta; (n) “student‑at‑law” means a person admitted to the Society as a student‑at‑law. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s1;2013 c10 s34;2022 c21 s50 Part 1 The Law Society of Alberta The Society Constitution 2 The Law Society of Alberta as previously constituted continues by that name as a corporation consisting of its members. 1990 cL‑9.1 s2 Powers of Society 3 The Society, in addition to the powers vested in it by this or any other Act, has the power to borrow money for the purposes of the Society and to mortgage or charge property of the Society or its sources of funds as security for money borrowed. 1990 cL‑9.1 s3 Legal aid plan 4 (1) The Minister, the Society and the Legal Aid Society of Alberta shall enter into an agreement respecting the operation by the Legal Aid Society of Alberta of a plan to provide legal aid to persons in need of it in civil matters, criminal matters or both if no such agreement is in effect. (2) No action lies against the Legal Aid Society of Alberta or its members, officers or employees in respect of anything done by any of them in good faith in the operation of a legal aid plan established under this section. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s4;RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s75;2013 c10 s34; 2022 c21 s50;2025 c22 s6(3) The Benchers Benchers 5 (1) There shall be a governing body of the Society called the Benchers. (2) The Benchers shall manage and conduct the business and affairs of the Society and exercise the powers of the Society in the name of or on behalf of the Society. (3) The Benchers shall submit an annual report to the Minister on those matters of the business and affairs of the Society that the Minister may require in a form satisfactory to the Minister. (4) The Minister shall, on receipt of the annual report of the Society, lay it before the Legislative Assembly if it is then sitting, and if it is not then sitting, within 15 days after the commencement of the next sitting. 1990 cL‑9.1 s5;1994 cG‑8.5 s89 Powers of Benchers 6 The Benchers may by resolution (a) authorize the Society to enter into any contract that the Society may enter into; (b) appoint any person as an honorary member of the Society or an honorary Bencher; (c) establish committees and their powers and duties and provide for appointments to them; (d) confer any powers or impose any duties on a committee established by this Act or the rules in addition to the powers conferred and the duties imposed on that committee by this Act or the rules; (e) designate a chair and one or more vice‑chairs for a committee established by or pursuant to this Act; (f) appoint delegates and representatives to appear on behalf of and represent the Society; (g) provide for the reporting of legal decisions; (h) establish and maintain libraries for the use of the members of the Society; (i) make arrangements with the Minister respecting the contribution of the Society to the cost of the acquisition of books and periodicals for libraries maintained by the Government; (j) maintain a special fund for the relief of aged, infirm or disabled members or former members of the Society or their dependants and the dependants of deceased members, either by setting aside a portion of the money of the Society or by paying into that fund a portion of the revenues of the Society, and may discontinue the fund in whole or in part; (k) authorize the Society to enter into group insurance contracts insuring the lives or incomes of members or any class of members or insuring against any risks incurred by members or any class of members that are related to practising as a barrister or solicitor; (l) authorize or establish a code of ethical standards for members and students‑at‑law and provide for its publication; (m) establish and prescribe a course called the “bar admission course” for persons required to pass a bar admission examination; (n) take any action and incur any expenses the Benchers consider necessary for the promotion, protection, interest or welfare of the Society. 1990 cL‑9.1 s6;1994 cG‑8.5 s89 Rules of Society 7 (1) The Benchers may make rules for the government of the Society, for the management and conduct of its business and affairs and for the exercise or carrying out of the powers and duties conferred or imposed on the Society or the Benchers under this or any other Act. (2) Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the Benchers may make rules (a) prescribing the manner of proof as to matters required to be proven by applicants for admission as students‑at‑law or for enrolment as members; (b) respecting the requirements to be met by applicants for enrolment as members of the Society or for admission to the Society as students‑at‑law; (c) respecting the waiving of or exceptions to the requirements referred to in clause (b); (d) respecting the waiving of or exceptions to the requirements set out in section 42(2)(d); (e) respecting the evaluation and monitoring of active members for the purpose of determining suitability to act as principal to a student‑at‑law; (f) fixing the fees payable to the Society for the admission of students‑at‑law or the enrolment of members, the fees payable annually by members and any other fees incidental to the conduct of the business and affairs of the Society; (f.1) respecting the publicizing of information entered in the roll or in the register of students‑at‑law; (g) respecting the imposition of a pecuniary penalty on a member or student‑at‑law or the suspension of the membership of a member or the registration of a student‑at‑law, without notice or hearing, if the member or student‑at‑law does not pay a fee or assessment, file a document or do any other act by the time specified by or determined in accordance with the rules; (h) providing for the striking off the roll of the name of a member whose membership has been suspended for a period of at least 2 years pursuant to the rules made under clause (g); (i) respecting the reinstatement of (i) a former member as a member, (ii) an inactive member as an active member, or (iii) a former student‑at‑law as a student‑at‑law, and respecting the terms and conditions on which reinstatement may be granted; (j) respecting the termination of a suspension of the membership of a member or of the registration of a student‑at‑law, and respecting the conditions on which a termination may be granted; (k) governing matters related to the operation of bar admission courses and prescribing fees for enrolment in those courses; (l) respecting the powers and duties of the Executive Director under section 38(3); (m) repealed RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s75; (n) respecting the duties of members, professional corporations or law firms in relation to property, other than money, entrusted to or received by them in their capacity as barristers and solicitors; (o) respecting the exemption of any class of active members from the operation of section 126(1); (p) respecting the maintenance and regulation of records of members, professional corporations or law firms in respect of money entrusted to them or received, held or paid by them for or on account of their clients or others, in their capacity as barristers and solicitors; (q) respecting the examination, review or audit of records referred to in clause (p) by officers, employees, auditors or agents of the Society and the recovery by the Society of the costs of those examinations, reviews or audits from those who are required to keep and maintain the records if the rules under clause (p) have not been complied with; (r) respecting the rights and duties of law firms; (s) defining “law firm” for any purpose under the rules or for the purpose of section 126; (t) providing for the administration of the special relief fund referred to in section 6(j); (u) governing the use of libraries maintained wholly or partly by funds of the Society and providing for the levying of assessments against the membership of the Society or the members in any area for the purpose of recovering the cost of lost books; (v) respecting the information required to be furnished to the Society by members or students‑at‑law or by persons acting for them; (w) respecting the keeping and maintaining of the records referred to in section 30 and the confidentiality of any classes of information forming part of those records, and regulating the disclosure pursuant to section 30(3) of information forming part of those records; (x) respecting the certification of active members as specialists in particular fields of law and the rights and duties of members holding certificates as specialists; (y) respecting the registration of persons admitted to the Society as students‑at‑law and the maintenance of the register of students‑at‑law referred to in section 30(1); (z) prescribing the methods by which a notice or other document may be served, given or furnished under this Act or the rules on or to a member, student‑at‑law or professional corporation otherwise than by personal service; (aa) respecting the establishment, composition and manner of appointment of committees for any purpose under the rules and the powers and duties of a committee so established, and respecting additional powers and duties of a committee established by this Act; (bb) subject to section 78, respecting the persons authorized or permitted to attend or participate in a hearing or meeting of the Benchers or of a committee established by or under this Act, other than Benchers or the members of the committee, as the case may be; (cc) respecting the quorum required for a committee established by this Act and the circumstances under which and the conditions on which such a committee may sit in panels; (dd) respecting the conduct of general and special meetings of the Society and the notice to be given of those meetings; (ee) respecting the rights and duties of students‑at‑law and the circumstances in which they may act as counsel in proceedings before the courts and judges referred to in section 105; (ff) respecting the licensing or regulation of persons holding professional legal qualifications obtained in a country other than Canada in relation to services provided in Alberta by those persons in giving legal advice respecting the laws of that country; (gg) respecting the establishment of standards governing the collection and dissemination by the Society of information relating to any person or group of persons, including members, students‑at‑law, professional corporations and law firms. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s7;RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s75; 2001 c23 s7 Regulations and bylaws re LLPs 8 (1) The Benchers (a) shall make rules respecting the type and amount of liability insurance or other protection against professional liability that a partnership must have for the purposes of registration as a limited liability partnership under Part 3 of the Partnership Act , and (b) may make rules governing eligibility requirements that a partnership must meet in order to be registered as a limited liability partnership under Part 3 of the Partnership Act . (2) A rule under subsection (1)(a) does not come into force unless it is approved by the Lieutenant Governor in Council. (3) Where the Minister considers that rules made under subsection (1)(a) do not provide sufficient protection against professional liability, the Minister may, by notice in writing to the Benchers, request the Benchers to amend the rules in the manner specified in the notice within the time set out in the notice. (4) Where the Benchers fail to amend the rules in accordance with the notice, the Lieutenant Governor in Council may make regulations respecting the matters referred to in subsection (1)(a) and, to the extent that there is any inconsistency between those regulations and the rules, those regulations prevail. (5) Subsections (1) to (4) do not apply if there is a rule under subsection (6) in effect. (6) The Benchers may make a rule providing that, notwithstanding Part 3 of the Partnership Act , no person may practise as a barrister and solicitor in a limited liability partnership under that Act. 1999 c27 s11 Honorary Benchers 9 (1) The honorary Benchers of the Society are (a) the Minister, (b) past Presidents of the Society who do not hold office as Benchers, and (c) persons appointed as honorary Benchers under section 6(b). (2) An honorary Bencher may participate in any meeting or proceeding of the Benchers but is not entitled to be notified of, to move or second any motion at or to vote at any meeting or other proceeding. (3) Subject to section 59(2), an honorary Bencher may not participate in any meeting or proceeding under Part 3. 1990 cL‑9.1 s8;1994 cG‑8.5 s89;1997 c18 s17 Number of Benchers 10 (1) Subject to subsection (2), the number of Benchers is 17. (2) For each 500 active members by which the membership of the Society is increased over 1000, an additional Bencher shall be elected but the number of Benchers shall in no case exceed 20. (3) For the purposes of this section, the membership of the Society is determined as of July 1 preceding each regular election. 1990 cL‑9.1 s9 Lay Benchers 11 (1) In addition to the number of Benchers specified in section 10, the Benchers shall include 4 members of the public, who shall be appointed as lay Benchers for a term of not more than 3 years by the Minister after consultation with the Benchers. (2) A lay Bencher continues to hold office after the expiry of the lay Bencher’s term of office until reappointed or a successor is appointed. (3) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2), a person ceases to hold office as a lay Bencher after holding the office for periods totalling 9 consecutive years. (4) The Minister may, after consultation with the Benchers, revoke the appointment of a lay Bencher. (5) The Minister may pay to a lay Bencher travelling and living expenses incurred by that lay Bencher for the lay Bencher’s attendance at any meeting of the Benchers while away from the lay Bencher’s usual place of residence and fees in an amount prescribed by the Minister. (6) The powers, duties and proceedings under this Act and the rules of the Benchers or a committee established under this Act are not affected by (a) the fact that lay Benchers are not appointed under subsection (1), (b) the revocation of the appointment of a lay Bencher under subsection (4), (c) the resignation of a person as a lay Bencher, or (d) the fact that one or more lay Benchers are not present. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s11;2001 c23 s7;2003 c42 s12 Election of Benchers 12 (1) An election of Benchers shall be held between November 1 and December 15 every 3rd year commencing in 2005, and the date of the election shall be determined by the Benchers. (1.1) Commencing with the election in 2005, Benchers shall be elected for terms of 3 years. (2) The elected Benchers take office at the first organizational meeting of the Benchers in the year following the year in which the election is held, and the elected Benchers in office immediately prior to the election continue in office until that time. (3) Subsection (2) does not preclude the conducting of a vote under section 20(5) in the year following the election by Benchers holding office immediately before the election, if the vote is concluded before the first meeting of the Benchers in that year. (4) Subject to section 18, a Bencher holding the position of President‑Elect at the time of an election of Benchers is to be considered an elected Bencher for the purposes of that election, and the name of the President‑Elect is to be included on the ballot solely to reflect that that person is considered to have been elected. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s12; 2003 c42 s12 Eligibility for election 13 (1) Only an active member resident in Alberta is eligible for nomination and election as a Bencher. (2) A member is eligible for nomination, election and re‑election as a Bencher in accordance with the rules. (3) A member is ineligible for nomination or election as a Bencher if at any time before the date of the election the member was disbarred. (4) A member is ineligible for nomination or election as a Bencher if, within the 5‑year period immediately before the date of the election, (a) the member was found guilty of conduct deserving of sanction without an order being made for the member’s disbarment as a result of the finding, unless the Hearing Committee, the Benchers or the Court of Appeal, as the case may be, made an order directing that the member is not ineligible by reason of the finding, (b) an order of the Benchers was made under section 83(4) for the suspension of the membership of the member for a fixed period, (c) an order of the Benchers was made under section 84(3) for the suspension of the membership of the member for a fixed period, unless the Benchers made an order directing that the member is not ineligible by reason of the suspension order, or (d) the membership of the member was under suspension at any time during that 5‑year period by virtue of section 83(7). (5) A member is not ineligible because of subsection (3) or (4)(a) if the disbarment order or finding of guilt was successfully appealed. 1990 cL‑9.1 s12;2000 c15 s5(4) Rules re elections 14 (1) The Benchers may make rules governing elections of Benchers, and those rules may (a) provide the procedure for the nomination of candidates for election as Benchers; (b) prescribe terms and conditions respecting eligibility for nomination, election and re‑election of Benchers; (c) prescribe the circumstances under which an active member is not entitled to vote; (d) provide for the division of Alberta into districts and prescribe the number of Benchers to be elected from each district; (e) provide for the appointment or designation of presiding officers for the election; (f) prescribe the forms to be used; (g) prescribe the procedure to be used for the holding of the elections and for determining the Benchers elected. (2) An election of Benchers shall be conducted with the use of secret ballots. (3) Only active members are entitled to vote in an election of Benchers. 1990 cL‑9.1 s13 Extension of time 15 (1) In connection with an election of Benchers, if anything to be done within a number of days or at or before a time fixed by or under this Act or the rules cannot be or is not so done, the President may from time to time by order appoint a further or other time for doing it, whether the time at or before or within which it ought to have been done has or has not arrived or expired, as the case may be. (2) Anything done at, before or within the time specified in an order under subsection (1) is as valid as if it had been done at, before or within the time fixed by or under this Act or the rules. 1990 cL‑9.1 s14 Notice of elected Benchers 16 When the election is completed, the Executive Director shall forthwith send a notice containing the names of the Benchers elected to the King’s Printer for publication in The Alberta Gazette. RSA 2000 cL-8 s16;AR 217/2022 Appeal re elections 17 (1) A member may dispute the validity of an election of Benchers or the validity of the election of one or more of them by filing an application in the Court of King’s Bench not later than 10 days after the publication in The Alberta Gazette of the notice referred to in section 16. (2) The application shall be heard by a judge of the Court in chambers. (3) If it appears to the Court that the election was conducted substantially in accordance with the requirements of this Act and the rules and that any non‑compliance, violation, mistake or irregularity did not materially affect the result of the election, the Court may declare the election valid. (4) If the Court decides that the election is invalid, it shall (a) give directions as to the holding of another election, and (b) direct that the elected Benchers who held office immediately prior to the invalid election resume office as Benchers until the first meeting of the Benchers following the election held pursuant to the Court’s directions. (5) If the Court decides that the election of one or more but not all of the Benchers is invalid, it shall either (a) direct the remaining Benchers to appoint another or others in that Bencher’s or those Benchers’ place to fill the vacancies in accordance with section 19, or (b) give directions as to the holding of another election to fill the vacancies and as to the terms for which the Benchers elected under this clause are to hold office. (6) The decision of the Court is final. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s17;2009 c53 s97;2011 c14 s15;AR 217/2022 Vacancy 18 (1) A person ceases to hold office as a Bencher if (a) that person ceases to be a member of the Society whether by disbarment or otherwise, (b) that person becomes an inactive member, (c) that person’s membership in the Society is suspended under section 72(1)(b), 77, 82, 83(4), 83(7) or 84(3), (d) an order of reprimand is made against that person under Part 3, or (e) the Court of Appeal makes an order against that person under subsection (6). (2) Subject to subsection (3), a person who ceases to hold office as a Bencher by reason of the operation of subsection (1) does not resume office as a Bencher by reason of (a) that person’s reinstatement as a member of the Society, (b) that person’s change of status from an inactive member to an active member, or (c) the expiration or termination of a suspension referred to in subsection (1)(c). (3) A person resumes office as a Bencher if (a) the person ceased to hold office as a Bencher by reason of an order under Part 3, (b) the finding of guilt on which the order was based was revoked by the Benchers or the Court of Appeal under Part 3, (c) the person’s term of office as a Bencher has not yet expired, and (d) the person is not then otherwise disqualified from holding office as a Bencher. (4) If a member ceases to hold office as a Bencher by reason of a reprimand order made by a Hearing Committee or a panel of Benchers under Part 3, the Benchers may, on application, order that the member resume office as a Bencher. (5) If a member ceases to hold office as a Bencher by reason of a replacement reprimand order made by the Court of Appeal under section 82, the Court, on application or on its own motion, may order that the member resume office as a Bencher. (6) If the Benchers make an order under subsection (4) in favour of a member who appeals the reprimand order to the Court of Appeal under section 80, the Court may, on the appeal, revoke the order of the Benchers. (7) If the membership of a member who is also a Bencher is suspended by an order under section 63, 83(2) or 84(2) or under the rules, the member’s office as a Bencher is suspended for the period for which that member’s membership is suspended. 1990 cL‑9.1 s17;2000 c15 s5(5) Appointment to fill vacancy 19 If the required number of Benchers is not elected or a vacancy occurs in the number of Benchers on account of the death or resignation of a Bencher or otherwise, the remaining or continuing Benchers may, in accordance with the rules, appoint any active member to fill the vacancy until the first meeting of the Benchers in the year following the year in which the next regular election of Benchers is held. 1990 cL‑9.1 s18 Meetings 20 (1) Meetings of the Benchers shall be held at the places and times the Benchers determine. (2) The President or any 3 Benchers may call a special meeting of the Benchers. (3) A majority of the Benchers holding office is a quorum at any meeting of the Benchers. (4) Three days’ notice in writing shall be given of any meeting of the Benchers. (5) Where the President is of the opinion that it is desirable to take a vote of the Benchers on a resolution and that it is impracticable in the circumstances to vote by holding a meeting of the Benchers for that purpose, (a) the President may direct that the vote be taken by the polling of the Benchers by mail, telegram, telephone or other mode of communication or by any combination of those modes, and (b) if the resolution is agreed to in accordance with clause (a) by at least 2/3 of the Benchers so voting and the Benchers so voting constitute a majority of the Benchers then holding office, the resolution is as valid as if the vote were taken at a properly constituted meeting of the Benchers. 1990 cL‑9.1 s19 Voting at meetings 21 At a meeting of the Benchers, matters shall be determined by a majority of votes of the Benchers present at the meeting, but if there is an equality of votes, (a) the motion on the matter shall be declared defeated if (i) the matter arises under Part 3, or (ii) the motion is for the reinstatement as a member of a disbarred person, and (b) in any other case, the chair has a 2nd or casting vote. 1990 cL‑9.1 s20;2000 c15 s5(6) Committee quorum 22 Except as otherwise provided in this Act, with respect to the determination of any matter dealt with by a committee established by or under this Act, (a) a majority of the members of the committee constitutes a quorum at the meeting, and (b) an act or thing done by a majority of the members of the committee present at a meeting is deemed to have been done by the committee. 1990 cL‑9.1 s21 Committee acting when loss of member 23 When one or more of the members of a committee established by or under this Act cannot act for any reason, the remaining members of the committee may act and determine any matter. 1990 cL‑9.1 s22 Officers of the Society Officers of the Society 24 (1) The officers of the Society are the President, the President‑Elect, the Executive Director, the Deputy Executive Directors, the Deputy Secretaries, the Treasurer and the holders of any additional offices established by the rules or by the Benchers by resolution. (2) The President and President‑Elect shall be chosen by the Benchers from their own number. (3) If the President is absent or unable to act, the President‑Elect is the Acting President. (4) If both the President and the President‑Elect are absent or unable to act, a majority of the Benchers may appoint one of their number as Acting President. (5) The Acting President has the powers and shall perform the duties of the President. 1990 cL‑9.1 s23;2000 c15 s5(7) Appointment of officers 25 (1) The Executive Director, the Deputy Executive Directors, the Deputy Secretaries and the Treasurer shall be appointed by the Benchers. (2) Unless otherwise expressly provided in the rules or by a resolution of the Benchers, a Deputy Executive Director or a Deputy Secretary may exercise and perform any powers, functions and duties of the Executive Director. (3) The President may appoint any person as Acting Executive Director if the Executive Director is absent or unable to act, and that person, while Acting Executive Director, has the powers and shall perform the duties of the Executive Director. (4) The Benchers may, by resolution or by the rules, delegate any powers or duties of the Executive Director under this Act to the Treasurer, the holder of an office established under section 24(1) or an employee of the Society and prescribe the circumstances in which or the conditions on which the delegation is to apply. (5) A delegation made under subsection (4) does not affect the ability of the Executive Director to exercise or perform the power or duty so delegated. 1990 cL‑9.1 s24;2000 c15 s5(8),(31) Auditor 26 (1) The Benchers at their first meeting in each year shall appoint an auditor for the Society. (2) If the auditor for any reason cannot act, the President may appoint any person as acting auditor and that person, while acting auditor, has the powers and shall perform the duties of the auditor. 1990 cL‑9.1 s25 Meetings of the Society Meetings of Society 27 (1) There shall be a general meeting of the Society in each year to be held at the place and time the Benchers decide. (2) At each annual general meeting the President shall present a report of the proceedings of the Benchers since the last annual general meeting. (3) Twenty active members constitutes a quorum at an annual general or special meeting of the Society. (4) At least 10 days before an annual general meeting the Executive Director shall send a notice of the meeting and a statement of the financial position of the Society during the previous fiscal year to each active member of the Society. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s27;2007 c36 s2 Special meetings 28 (1) The Executive Director shall call a special meeting of the Society (a) when the Benchers by resolution so direct, or (b) within 30 days after the receipt by the Executive Director of a written petition of 50 active members setting out the business to be discussed at the meeting. (2) At least 10 days before a special meeting the Executive Director shall send a notice of the meeting to each active member of the Society. (3) If the Executive Director fails to call a meeting under subsection (1), the Benchers or petitioners, as the case may be, may call the meeting. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s28;2007 c36 s2 Effect of resolutions 29 (1) A resolution passed at an annual general meeting or special meeting of the Society shall be considered by the Benchers at their next meeting but is not binding on the Benchers. (2) If a resolution passed at an annual general meeting or special meeting of the Society is not implemented by the Benchers at their next meeting, then, on the filing with the Executive Director of a petition signed by at least 50 active members requesting the Benchers to do so, the Benchers shall have a mail vote of all active members taken on the resolution, and if at least 2/3 of those voting vote in favour of the resolution, the Benchers shall implement the resolution to the extent that they are by law able to do so. 1990 cL‑9.1 s28;2000 c15 s5(31) Part 2 Membership and Qualification to Practise Membership Roll of members 30 (1) The Executive Director shall, in accordance with the rules, keep and maintain (a) the records constituting the Roll of The Law Society of Alberta and other records of the Society pertaining to members and former members, and (b) the records constituting the register of persons admitted to the Society as students‑at‑law and other records of the Society pertaining to students‑at‑law and former students‑at‑law. (2) The records referred to in subsection (1) may be kept and maintained in any form that allows information contained in the records to be reproduced in written form. (3) Information entered in the roll or in the register of students‑at‑law may be made public and shall be made available for inspection by any person during normal business hours of the Society subject to any restrictions relating to the confidentiality of that information prescribed by the rules. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s30;2001 c23 s7 Students-at‑law 31 (1) The termination under this Act of the registration of a student‑at‑law operates to terminate the articles of that person. (2) The suspension under this Act of the registration of a student‑at‑law operates to suspend the articles of the student‑at‑law during the same period. 1990 cL‑9.1 s30 Resignation of member 32 (1) No member may resign from the Society unless the member’s resignation is submitted to and approved by the Benchers or a committee of the Benchers. (2) If the resignation is approved, the member’s name shall be struck off the roll. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s32;2003 c42 s12 Judicial appointment 33 A person ceases to be a member of the Society on becoming (a) a judge of the Court of Appeal, the Court of King’s Bench or the Court of Justice, (b) a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, the Federal Court of Canada or the Tax Court of Canada, (c) a judge of a superior, district or county court in any other province of Canada, (d) a judge of the provincial court of any other province of Canada, or (e) a judge of the territorial court of a territory of Canada. RSA 2000 cL-8 s33;AR 217/2022;AR 75/2023 34 Repealed 2009 c7 s7. Inactive members 35 Subject to the rules, (a) an active member may elect to become an inactive member, and (b) an inactive member may be reinstated as an active member. 1990 cL‑9.1 s34 Enrolment Definitions 36 In sections 37 to 45, (a) “bar admission course” means a bar admission course established and operated by the Society; (b) “bar admission examination” means an examination in general subjects related to practise as a barrister or solicitor, including practice, procedure and ethics and statutes of Alberta or Canada or both; (c) “special examinations” means examinations at university standards in subjects pertaining to substantive law in force in Alberta; (d) “university in Alberta” means a comprehensive academic and research university under the Post‑secondary Learning Act . RSA 2000 cL‑8 s36;2003 cP‑19.5 s141;2018 c19 s69 Role of Society re enrolment or admission 37 (1) The following matters are under the control of the Society: (a) evaluation of the academic qualifications of applicants for enrolment as members of the Society or for admission to the Society as students‑at‑law; (b) bar admission courses and bar admission examinations; (c) special examinations to be taken by an applicant for enrolment as a member of the Society or for admission to the Society as a student‑at‑law; (d) the period and conditions of articles to be served before an applicant’s enrolment as a member; (e) other examinations to be taken or requirements to be fulfilled by applicants for enrolment as members of the Society or for admission to the Society as students‑at‑law. (2) The Benchers may make rules dealing with any of the matters referred to in subsection (1). (3) The Benchers may retain one or more third parties to carry out any of the responsibilities referred to in subsection (1) and may make rules in that regard. (4) The Benchers may in the case of a particular applicant, if they consider that special circumstances so warrant, waive or modify a requirement imposed in relation to the matters referred to in subsection (1). (5) The Benchers may delegate any of their authority under this section, other than the authority to make rules, to the Executive Director or to the Credentials and Education Committee. 1990 cL‑9.1 s36;1996 c28 s26;2000 c15 s5(10) Students-at-law 38 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and subject to the rules, a student‑at‑law shall serve under articles in Alberta with an active member resident in Alberta. (2) The Credentials and Education Committee, or the Executive Director acting in accordance with the guidelines of that Committee, may permit a person admitted as a student‑at‑law under section 40(1) to serve part of the period under articles with (a) the Chief Justice of Alberta or any other judge of the Court of Appeal, (b) the Chief Justice of the Court of King’s Bench or any other judge of that Court, (c) the Chief Justice of the Court of Justice or any other judge of that Court, (d) the Chief Justice of Canada or any other judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, (e) the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Canada or any other judge of that Court, or (f) the Chief Judge of the Tax Court of Canada or any other judge of that Court, but in that event the Credentials and Education Committee, or the Executive Director acting in accordance with the guidelines of that Committee, may direct that the total period to be served under articles by that person shall be a period exceeding one year that the Committee, or the Executive Director acting in accordance with the guidelines of that Committee, prescribes. (3) Where the Executive Director approves the admission of a person as a student‑at‑law, the Executive Director, subject to the rules and with or without conditions, may determine that all or part of any period under articles served or to be served by that person in another province or territory shall be considered as satisfying all or part of the requirement for that person’s service under articles in Alberta prescribed by or under this Part. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s38;2008 c43 s7;AR 217/2022;AR 75/2023 Education Committee 39 (1) The Credentials and Education Committee is established. (2) The Benchers may appoint the members of the Credentials and Education Committee, and the Committee may consist of (a) Benchers only, or (b) a majority of Benchers, with a minority consisting of (i) members of the Society who are not Benchers, or (ii) deans of the faculties of law of The University of Alberta and The University of Calgary. 1990 cL‑9.1 s38;2000 c15 s5(30) Enrolment of holders of Alberta degrees or equivalent 40 (1) The Executive Director shall approve the admission of a person as a student‑at‑law if the person proves to the Executive Director’s satisfaction and in accordance with the rules that (a) the person is of good character and reputation, and (b) the person has satisfied the academic requirements specified by the rules. (2) The Executive Director shall approve the enrolment of a person admitted as a student‑at‑law under subsection (1) if the person proves to the Executive Director’s satisfaction and in accordance with the rules that the person (a) repealed 2009 c7 s7, (b) is of good character and reputation, (c) is 18 years of age or older, (d) has served under articles as required by the rules, and (e) has passed a bar admission examination. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s40;2001 c23 s7;2009 c7 s7 Transfer of Canadian lawyers to Alberta 41 (1) The Executive Director shall approve the enrolment of a person as a member of the Society if the person proves to the Executive Director’s satisfaction and in accordance with the rules that the person (a) repealed 2009 c7 s7, (b) is of good character and reputation, (c) is enrolled as a barrister and solicitor in any province or territory of Canada other than Alberta, (d) has passed a bar admission examination, (e) has served under articles in accordance with subsection (2) if required to do so under that subsection, (f) has satisfied the academic and other requirements specified by the rules, and (g) has passed any additional examinations required by the rules to be taken by applicants under this section. (2) The Credentials and Education Committee or the Executive Director acting in accordance with the guidelines of that Committee may direct that an applicant under this section serve under articles in Alberta before that person’s enrolment as a member and, if so directed, (a) the Credentials and Education Committee or the Executive Director acting in accordance with the guidelines of that Committee shall prescribe the period of articles and may prescribe any conditions related to the service under articles, and (b) the Executive Director shall approve the admission of the applicant as a student‑at‑law if the applicant proves to the Executive Director’s satisfaction and in accordance with the rules that the applicant meets the requirements of subsection (1)(b) and (c). (3) The Benchers may make rules respecting the enrolment of a person under subsection (1), including but not limited to rules establishing conditions to which the enrolment is subject, including (a) restrictions on the areas of law in which a person may practise in Alberta, (b) the condition that a person must be sufficiently proficient in English to be able to engage competently in the practice of law, and (c) the payment of a fee. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s41;2003 c42 s12;2009 c7 s7; 2011 c20 s9 Transfer of corporate counsel to Alberta 42 (1) In this section, “corporation” does not include a professional corporation. (2) The Executive Director shall approve the enrolment of a person as a member of the Society if the person proves to the Executive Director’s satisfaction and in accordance with the rules that the person (a) repealed 2009 c7 s7, (b) is of good character and reputation, (c) is enrolled as a barrister and solicitor in any province or territory of Canada other than Alberta, and (d) on being enrolled as a member, will provide services as a barrister and solicitor in Alberta exclusively to or on behalf of a corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates and will be an employee of that corporation, subject to any exception set out in the rules permitting a person enrolled as a member under this section to provide services as a barrister and solicitor in Alberta to other parties. (3) A person enrolled as a member under this section ceases to be a member of the Society on ceasing to be an employee of a corporation unless, before ceasing to be an employee or within the time limited by the rules after that event, that person applies to the Executive Director for the approval of the Credentials and Education Committee for continuation of that person’s membership under this section. (4) If a person makes an application in accordance with subsection (3) for continuation of that person’s membership in the Society, the Credentials and Education Committee may (a) approve the continuation of the applicant’s membership, or (b) order that the applicant’s name be struck off the roll if the Committee determines that the applicant has failed to fulfil the requirements prescribed by the Committee as conditions to the applicant’s continued membership. (5) The Credentials and Education Committee may prescribe the requirements to be fulfilled by an applicant before its approval is given to the continuation of the applicant’s membership under subsection (4) and shall not give the approval until it is satisfied that the applicant has fulfilled the requirements.

RSA 2000 cL‑8 s42;2009 c7 s7 Review of Executive Director ’ s decision 43 (1) Before making a decision under section 38(3), 40 or 41, the Executive Director may refer the matter to the Credentials and Education Committee, which, with or without consultation with the Benchers, shall direct the Executive Director as to the decision to be made. (2) A person affected by a decision of the Executive Director under section 38(3), 40, 41 or 42 may appeal to the Benchers, who may confirm the decision or direct the Executive Director to vary or reverse it. (3) The Benchers may delegate, in whole or in part, to the Credentials and Education Committee their authority to hear and decide an appeal under subsection (2). 1990 cL‑9.1 s43;1996 c28 s26;2000 c15 s5(14),(30) Admission to bar and enrolment as member 44 (1) When the Executive Director has approved the enrolment of a person under section 40, 41 or 42 or the Benchers have approved the enrolment of a person under section 45, and the prescribed enrolment fee has been paid, the Executive Director shall issue a certificate to that effect directed to a clerk of the Court of King’s Bench or of the Court of Justice . (2) When the certificate of the Executive Director has been delivered to the clerk, the applicant for enrolment shall, within 2 years after the date of the certificate, take and subscribe before a judge or judges of the Court of King’s Bench or of the Court of Justice , in open court, (a) an oath of allegiance in the form prescribed by the Oaths of Office Act , (b) the official oath prescribed by the Oaths of Office Act , and (c) any other oath prescribed by the rules. (3) The Executive Director may extend the 2‑year period mentioned in subsection (2) whether the application for the extension was made before or after the expiration of that period. (4) When the applicant for enrolment has taken and subscribed the oaths referred to in subsection (2), the clerk or deputy clerk of the court shall issue a certificate to that effect and send it forthwith to the Executive Director. (5) A person becomes a member when a certificate in respect of that person is issued under subsection (4). (6) On receiving a certificate issued in respect of a member under subsection (4), the Executive Director shall enter the member’s name in the roll in accordance with the rules. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s44;2001 c23 s7;AR 217/2022;AR 75/2023 Faculty member or Society employee 45 (1) Subject to the rules, the Benchers may by resolution approve the enrolment of a person who proves to their satisfaction that the person (a) repealed 2009 c7 s7, (b) is of good character and reputation, (c) is employed (i) as a full‑time member of the faculty of law of a university in Alberta, having been a full‑time member of the faculty of law of a university in Alberta for a continuous period of at least 2 years immediately preceding the date of that person’s application for enrolment, (ii) as an employee of the Society, having been an employee of the Society for a continuous period of at least 2 years immediately preceding the date of that person’s application for enrolment, or (iii) as legal counsel to a court in Alberta other than as a student‑at‑law, (d) has received a degree in law from a university in Alberta or has otherwise satisfied the academic requirements specified by the rules, and (e) has passed any examinations and satisfied any other requirements specified by the rules. (2) The Benchers may, if they consider that special circumstances so warrant, waive or modify the 2‑year requirement referred to in subsection (1)(c)(i) and (ii). (2.1) The Benchers may delegate any of their authority under subsections (1) and (2) to the Credentials and Education Committee. (3) A person enrolled as a member as a result of a Benchers’ resolution made before May 1, 1991 ceases to be a member of the Society on ceasing to be a full‑time member of the Faculty of Law at a university in Alberta or on ceasing to be a full‑time employee of the Society unless before that time (a) the Credentials and Education Committee has approved the continuation of that person’s membership under this section, or (b) the member has applied to the Executive Director for the approval of the Credentials and Education Committee of the continuation of that person’s membership under this section. (4) If a person applies under subsection (3)(b) for approval of the continuation of the person’s membership under this section, the Credentials and Education Committee may (a) approve the continuation of the applicant’s membership, or (b) order that the applicant’s name be struck off the roll if the Committee determines that the applicant has failed to fulfil the requirements prescribed by the Committee as conditions to the applicant’s continued membership. (5) The Credentials and Education Committee may prescribe the requirements to be fulfilled by an applicant before its approval is given to the continuation of the applicant’s membership under subsection (3)(a) or (4)(a) and shall not give the approval unless it is satisfied that the applicant has fulfilled the requirements. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s45;2003 c42 s12;2009 c7 s7 Members enrolled under RSA 1980 cL‑9 s45 46 (1) Those persons enrolled as members under section 45 of the Legal Profession Act , RSA 1980 cL‑9, immediately before the repeal of that section do not cease to be members merely because of the repeal of that section. (2) A member referred to in subsection (1) may act as counsel in any civil or criminal proceedings in Alberta and in any matters in connection with or incidental to those proceedings but shall not carry on a general practice in Alberta as a barrister or solicitor until the Credentials and Education Committee is satisfied that the member has (a) passed a bar examination, and (b) passed any special examination required by the rules, if the member has not received a degree in law or has received a degree in law from a university outside Alberta. 1991 c21 s19;2000 c15 s5(16),(30) 47 Repealed 2008 c25 s23. Authorizations Authorizations to outside counsel 48 (1) Subject to the rules, the Executive Director may authorize an individual enrolled as a member of a law society in any province or territory of Canada other than Alberta (a) to act as counsel in specified proceedings before (i) the Court of Appeal, (ii) the Court of King’s Bench, (iii) repealed RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s51, (iv) the Court of Justice, or (v) a judge or applications judge of any of those Courts, or (b) to act as a solicitor in any specified matter in Alberta if that individual would be in contravention of section 106(1) if the individual did not hold an authorization under this section. (2) The Benchers may make rules respecting (a) the requirements to be met by an applicant before an authorization is granted under this section; (b) the fees payable to the Society in respect of the granting or renewal of authorizations; (c) the granting of authorizations; (d) the conditions to which an authorization or any class of authorization is subject, and the powers of the Executive Director to impose conditions on authorizations in particular cases; (e) the rights and duties of persons to whom authorizations are granted; (f) appeals from a refusal to grant an authorization or from any decision made pursuant to the rules under this section; (g) the suspension, revocation or expiration of authorizations; (h) the disciplining of the holder of an authorization for a contravention of the rules under this section or of a condition to which the authorization is subject; (i) the circumstances in which or the conditions on which a person is, for the purposes of this Act, deemed to hold an authorization under this section. (3) Rules under subsection (2)(h) may, without limitation, provide for (a) proceedings relating to the investigation and adjudication of contraventions; (b) the application of any or all of the provisions of sections 67 to 70 to proceedings referred to in clause (a); (c) the imposition of punishment for contraventions in the form of suspension or revocation of the authorization, with or without the imposition of pecuniary penalties or costs or both; (d) appeals from adjudications to the Court of Appeal. (4) If (a) an individual holds or is deemed to hold an authorization under this section, and (b) that individual is a voting shareholder or employee of a law corporation or other corporation incorporated in the province or territory where that individual is enrolled and the corporation is comparable to a professional corporation under Part 8, the authorization extends to that corporation for the purposes of this section and section 106(1), but only in relation to services provided by that individual on behalf of the corporation. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s48;RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s51;AR 137/2022; AR 217/2022;AR 75/2023 Part 3 Conduct of Members Interpretation 49 (1) For the purposes of this Act, any conduct of a member, arising from incompetence or otherwise, that (a) is incompatible with the best interests of the public or of the members of the Society, or (b) tends to harm the standing of the legal profession generally, is conduct deserving of sanction, whether or not that conduct relates to the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor and whether or not that conduct occurs in Alberta. (2) In this Part, (a) “Board of Examiners” means a Board of Examiners appointed pursuant to section 73; (b) “conduct” in respect of a member includes any matter regarding the acts of the member or the conduct of the member; (c) “costs of the proceedings” or “costs” means, with reference to any matter that is the subject of proceedings under this Part, the costs determined in accordance with the rules as being attributable to those proceedings; (d) “hearing record” means (i) a transcript of the proceedings at a hearing before a Hearing Committee or a commissioner appointed by an order under section 69(4), (ii) a transcript of any recording entered as an exhibit at a hearing before a Hearing Committee or a commissioner, (iii) any exhibits entered in evidence before a Hearing Committee or a commissioner that the Hearing Committee considers essential for a proper understanding of the evidence adduced at the hearing, or copies of those exhibits, and (iv) a statement of admission of guilt, if any, referred to in section 60, or a copy of that statement; (e) “hearing report” means the report of a Hearing Committee referred to in section 74(1) and a dissenting report referred to in section 74(2); (f) “investigation” means an investigation made on the direction of the Executive Director or a committee established under this Act that relates to the conduct of a member that is the subject of proceedings under Division 1. (3) For the purposes of this Act, proceedings in respect of a member’s conduct shall be considered as commencing under Division 1 (a) when a complaint respecting the conduct is received by the Executive Director or when the conduct is first brought to the attention of the Executive Director otherwise, or (b) when the Conduct Committee makes its initial decision under section 58(7) in a case to which that subsection applies. (4) Except as otherwise provided, this Part and the rules under this Part apply to students‑at‑law. (5) For the purpose of applying subsection (4) and without limiting the generality of that subsection, (a) references to a member include a student‑at‑law; (b) references to the disbarment of a member shall, in relation to a student‑at‑law, be read as references to the termination of the registration of the student‑at‑law; (c) references to the suspension of the membership of a member are, in relation to a student‑at‑law, to be read as references to the suspension of the registration of the student‑at‑law; (d) references to the reinstatement of the membership of a former member shall, in relation to a former student‑at‑law, be read as references to the reinstatement of the registration of the former student‑at‑law. (6) Proceedings may be taken under this Part against a member with respect to the member’s conduct during any period when the member was a student‑at‑law. (7) Proceedings may be commenced, maintained and concluded under Division 1 or section 83 or 84 with respect to a member’s conduct whether or not that conduct has been, is or subsequently becomes the subject of proceedings under any other provision of this Act or under any other law in force in Alberta or outside Alberta. 1990 cL‑9.1 s47;2000 c15 s5(18),(31) Commencement of order 50 (1) If an order of disbarment is made under this Part, the person against whom the order is made ceases to be a member when the order is made unless a future effective date is specified in the order. (2) If an order is made under this Part for the suspension of the membership of a member, the suspension commences when the order is made unless a future effective date is specified in the order. 1990 cL‑9.1 s48 Establishment of Committees 51 (1) The following committees are established: (a) the Conduct Committee, the members of which are appointed by the Benchers, and which shall consist of (i) Benchers only, or (ii) a majority of Benchers and a minority of members of the Society who are not Benchers; (b) the Practice Review Committee, the members of which are appointed by the Benchers, and which shall consist of (i) Benchers only, or (ii) a majority of Benchers and a minority of members of the Society who are not Benchers; (c) the Appeal Committee, consisting of (i) the lay Benchers, and (ii) at least 3 other Benchers appointed by the Benchers. (2) Notwithstanding section 20(3), a quorum of Benchers at any proceedings before the Benchers under this Part is a panel of no fewer than 7 Benchers. (3) If a vote is taken at a meeting of the Benchers on a resolution under this Part, the resolution shall be declared carried only if 2/3 or more of the Benchers voting on the resolution vote in favour of it. 1990 cL‑9.1 s49;1998 c23 s11;2000 c15 s5(19) Rules of Benchers 52 (1) The Benchers may make rules (a) respecting the powers and duties of persons conducting investigations; (b) respecting the proceedings of the Conduct Committee, the Practice Review Committee and the Appeal Committee and the powers and duties of those Committees and of their chairs and vice‑chairs; (c) respecting the powers, duties and proceedings of a Hearing Committee; (d) respecting the powers and duties of the Executive Director and of members and other persons in relation to any proceedings under this Part; (e) respecting the powers, duties and proceedings of the Benchers under this Part; (f) respecting the powers, duties and proceedings of a Board of Examiners, and respecting any matter pertaining to courses of study that may be specified by the Practice Review Committee for the purposes of section 73; (g) respecting the determination of costs that may be attributed to proceedings under this Part and the powers and duties of a Hearing Committee or the Benchers, as the case may be, in making orders under this Part against a member or former member for the payment of all or part of those costs; (h) respecting any other matter incidental to the administration of this Part. (2) Rules under subsection (1)(g) may, without limitation, include in the classes of costs attributable to proceedings under this Part reasonable costs for the indemnification of the Society for the cost of services performed in connection with those proceedings by any of its salaried employees. 1990 cL‑9.1 s50;1998 c23 s11;2000 c15 s5(31) Division 1 Proceedings Respecting Conduct Deserving of Sanction Review by Executive Director 53 (1) Any conduct of a member that comes to the attention of the Society, whether by way of a complaint or otherwise, shall first be reviewed by the Executive Director. (2) If the conduct that comes to the attention of the Society under subsection (1) involves a dispute between the member and another person, the Executive Director, (a) before commencing a review of the matter pursuant to subsection (1), may attempt to resolve the dispute, and (b) if the dispute is resolved to the satisfaction of the member and the other person, may direct that no further proceedings be taken under this Part in respect of the matter. (3) The Executive Director, in the course of a review under subsection (1), may do either or both of the following: (a) require the complainant or the member concerned to answer any inquiries or to furnish any records that the Executive Director considers relevant for the purpose of the review; (b) direct that the conduct be investigated. (4) On the completion of a review under subsection (1), the Executive Director shall either (a) direct that the matter be dismissed, or (b) refer the matter, together with the Executive Director’s report respecting the review, (i) to the Practice Review Committee, (ii) to the Conduct Committee, or (iii) to both Committees. (5) If the conduct of a member comes to the attention of the Society by way of a complaint, the Executive Director shall endeavour to resolve the complaint but shall perform the duties under subsections (1) to (4) whether the complaint is resolved or not. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s53;2011 c20 s9 Appeal to Appeal Committee 54 (1) If a direction is made by the Executive Director under section 53(4)(a) dismissing a complaint, the complainant may appeal the direction to the Appeal Committee in accordance with the rules. (2) On hearing the appeal, the Appeal Committee shall either (a) direct that the complaint be dismissed, or (b) refer the matter to the Conduct Committee. 1990 cL‑9.1 s52;2000 c15 s5(31) Investigation 55 (1) An investigation may be conducted by an officer or employee of the Society or by a person engaged by or on behalf of the Society for that purpose. (2) An investigator may direct the member concerned or any other member (a) to answer any inquiries the investigator may have relating to the investigation, (b) to produce to the investigator any records or other property in the member’s possession or under the member’s control that are or may be related in any way to the investigation, (c) to give up possession of any record referred to in clause (b) for the purpose of allowing the investigator to take it away, make a copy of it and return it within a reasonable time after receiving it, or (d) to attend before the investigator for the purpose of complying with clause (a), (b) or (c). (3) The Society may apply to the Court of King’s Bench for (a) an order directing the member concerned or any other member to comply with all or part of subsection (2); (b) an order directing any person (i) to produce to the investigator any records or other property in the person’s possession or under the person’s control that are or may be related in any way to the investigation, or (ii) to give up possession of any record referred to in subclause (i) for the purpose of allowing the investigator to take it away, make a copy of it and return it within a reasonable time after receiving it; (c) an order directing any person to attend before the investigator to answer any inquiries the investigator may have relating to the investigation. (4) An application for an order under subsection (3) may be made without notice to the other party if the Court is satisfied that it is proper to make the order in the circumstances. (5) A person may comply with a direction under subsection (2)(b) or (3)(b)(i) by providing to the investigator copies of the records that are directed to be produced. (6) An investigator may investigate any other conduct of the member concerned that arises in the course of the investigation. (7) An investigator shall make a report respecting the investigation to whoever directed that the investigation be made. RSA 2000 cL-8 s55;AR 217/2022 Review by Conduct Committee 56 (1) The Conduct Committee shall review any conduct of a member referred to it under section 53, 54 or 57. (2) The Conduct Committee, in the course of its review under subsection (1), may do either or both of the following: (a) require the complainant or the member concerned to answer any inquiries or to produce any records that the Committee considers relevant for the purpose of the review; (b) direct that the conduct be investigated or further investigated. (3) On completing its review under subsection (1), the Conduct Committee shall either (a) direct that the matter be dismissed, or (b) direct that the conduct be dealt with by a Hearing Committee. 1990 cL‑9.1 s54;2000 c15 s5(20) Re-examination by Conduct Committee 57 If the chair of the Conduct Committee is of the view that the Executive Director, the Conduct Committee or the Appeal Committee, in dismissing a matter, may have overlooked a significant legal or factual element or may not have been aware at the time of dismissal of all of the significant legal and factual elements, the chair of the Conduct Committee may consult with the chair of the Professional Responsibility Committee and the President and, if a majority of those persons are of the view that the matter should be re‑examined, the matter is to be referred to the Conduct Committee for review or a 2nd review under section 56. 2000 c15 s5(21) Practice Review Committee 58 (1) The Conduct Committee, at any time during or after a review by it under section 56 of a member’s conduct, may direct the Practice Review Committee to carry out a general review and assessment of the member’s conduct in addition to the review under section 56. (2) On being directed to carry out a review and assessment under this section, the Practice Review Committee may delegate the carrying out of any aspect of the review and assessment to a subcommittee consisting of one or more persons, whether they are members of the Practice Review Committee or of the Society or not, and in that case, the subcommittee shall submit a written report containing its findings and recommendations to the Practice Review Committee. (3) The Practice Review Committee, in the course of a review and assessment carried out under this section, may require the member concerned to answer any inquiries or produce any records or other property that the Committee considers relevant for the purposes of the review and assessment. (4) After concluding its review and assessment, the Practice Review Committee may (a) make recommendations to the member concerned that it considers will, if followed, improve the conduct of the member in relation to the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor; (b) obtain the member’s undertaking respecting restrictions on the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor or the conditions on which the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor will be carried on. (5) The Practice Review Committee shall submit a report to the Conduct Committee containing the results of a review and assessment carried out under this section and any recommendations made to the member under subsection (4). (6) The Practice Review Committee may from time to time inquire into the manner in which the member has followed or is following the recommendations made to the member under subsection (4) and, on being satisfied that the member has not been or is not following the recommendations, the Practice Review Committee may submit a further report on the subject to the Conduct Committee. (7) On receiving a report of the Practice Review Committee, the Conduct Committee may, with respect to any conduct of the member that is mentioned in the report, (a) direct that an investigation be made into the conduct and, on receiving the report of the investigator, direct that the conduct be dealt with by a Hearing Committee, or (b) direct that the conduct be dealt with by a Hearing Committee. 1990 cL‑9.1 s55;1998 c23 s11 Hearing Committee 59 (1) Subject to section 60(3), if the Conduct Committee directs that the conduct of a member is to be dealt with by a Hearing Committee, (a) the Executive Director, on being informed of the direction, shall give the member notice of the hearing and of the acts or matters regarding the member’s conduct to be dealt with, with reasonable particulars of each act or matter, (b) the chair of the Conduct Committee shall appoint a Hearing Committee consisting of 3 or more persons, at least one of whom must be a Bencher or former Bencher, and (c) the Hearing Committee so appointed shall hold a hearing respecting the member’s conduct. (1.1) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b), the President and any person disqualified from sitting on the Hearing Committee may not be appointed to the Hearing Committee. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1)(b), the chair of the Conduct Committee may appoint as a member of the Hearing Committee a member of the Society who is (a) an honorary Bencher referred to in section 9(1)(b) who was a President of the Society in the 10 years immediately preceding the appointment of the Hearing Committee, or (b) not a Bencher if that member was elected as a Bencher at least twice in the 10 years immediately preceding the appointment of the Hearing Committee. (3) A Bencher who is a member of the Conduct Committee, the Practice Review Committee or the Appeal Committee is not disqualified from being appointed to or sitting on a Hearing Committee unless that Bencher participated in proceedings of the Conduct Committee, Practice Review Committee or Appeal Committee, as the case may be, relating to the same conduct that is or is to be the subject of the hearing by the Hearing Committee. (4) Subject to subsection (5), the chair of the Conduct Committee may, if that person is of the opinion that there are reasonable grounds for so doing, revoke the appointment of a member of a Hearing Committee before or during a hearing, and may appoint a replacement for a member of a Hearing Committee who ceases to be a member or whose appointment is revoked. (5) An allegation of bias affecting a Hearing Committee, (a) if raised before commencement of the hearing, is to be dealt with by the chair of the Conduct Committee; (b) if raised at or after commencement of the hearing, is to be dealt with by the Hearing Committee unless the Hearing Committee refers the matter to the chair of the Conduct Committee. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s59;2011 c20 s9 Admission of guilt 60 (1) Subject to the rules, a member may, at any time after the commencement of proceedings under this Division regarding the member’s conduct and before a Hearing Committee makes its findings in respect of the member’s conduct, submit to the Executive Director a statement of admission of guilt of conduct deserving of sanction in respect of all or any of the acts or matters that are the subject of the proceedings. (2) A statement of admission of guilt shall not be acted on until it is in a form acceptable to (a) the Conduct Committee, if the statement is submitted before the day on which a Hearing Committee is appointed to conduct a hearing respecting the matter, or (b) the Hearing Committee, if the statement is submitted on or after the day on which the Hearing Committee is appointed. (3) If a statement of admission of guilt is accepted under subsection (2)(a), the chair of the Conduct Committee shall appoint a Hearing Committee consisting of one person, who must be a Bencher or former Bencher, or 3 persons, at least one of whom must be a Bencher or former Bencher. (3.1) For the purposes of subsection (3), the President and any person disqualified from sitting on the Hearing Committee may not be appointed to the Hearing Committee. (4) If a statement of admission of guilt is accepted, each admission of guilt in the statement in respect of any act or matter regarding the member’s conduct is deemed for all purposes to be a finding of (a) the Hearing Committee appointed under subsection (3), or (b) the Hearing Committee that accepted the statement, as the case may be, that the conduct of the member is conduct deserving of sanction. (5) The Hearing Committee appointed under subsection (3) or the Hearing Committee that accepted the statement, as the case may be, shall proceed with a hearing for the purpose of making its determination, if any, under section 71(4), its order under section 72 and its order, if any, under section 73. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s60;2011 c20 s9 Resignation instead of continued proceedings 61 (1) Subject to the rules, a member whose conduct is the subject of proceedings under this Division may at any time during the proceedings apply to the Benchers for their approval of the member’s resignation as a member instead of having the proceedings continue. (2) The Benchers may hold a hearing of an application under this section if they consider that a hearing is warranted in the circumstances. (3) The Benchers may reject the application or, if they accept it, (a) may make their acceptance of the application subject to any conditions the Benchers consider appropriate in the circumstances, and (b) shall give directions as to the information to be entered in the roll in relation to the member’s resignation. (4) If a person resigns as a member pursuant to this section, then, subject to any conditions prescribed by the Benchers pursuant to subsection (3)(a), proceedings under this Division shall be discontinued in respect of the conduct that was the subject of the proceedings and to which the resignation relates. (5) The Benchers may delegate any of their authority under this section to a committee of the Benchers. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s61;2003 c42 s12 Discontinuance of proceedings 62 (1) If at any time before a Hearing Committee has commenced its hearing in respect of the conduct of a member the Conduct Committee is satisfied that the circumstances of the conduct do not justify the continuation of proceedings under this Part respecting that conduct, the Conduct Committee may, by a resolution setting out the reasons for its decision, discontinue the proceedings under this Part in respect of that conduct. (2) If a Hearing Committee has commenced its hearing in respect of the conduct of a member and is satisfied that the circumstances of the conduct do not justify the continuation of its proceedings respecting that conduct, the Hearing Committee may, by a resolution setting out the reasons for its decision, discontinue its proceedings in respect of that conduct. (3) If the proceedings discontinued under subsection (1) or (2) in respect of any conduct were commenced as a result of a complaint, the Executive Director shall notify the complainant of the discontinuance and shall give the complainant a copy of the resolution of the Conduct Committee or the Hearing Committee, as the case may be. (4) If proceedings are discontinued under subsection (1) or (2), no new or further proceedings shall be taken under this Part in respect of the same conduct that was the subject of the discontinued proceedings without the approval of the Benchers. 1990 cL‑9.1 s59;2000 c15 s5(31) Suspension during proceedings 63 (1) If the conduct of a member is the subject of proceedings under this Division, the Benchers, without prior notice or hearing, may order the suspension of the membership of the member at any stage of those proceedings if the Benchers consider the suspension warranted in the circumstances having regard to the nature of the conduct. (2) An order of suspension under subsection (1) (a) may be terminated by the Benchers at any time on application or on their own motion; (b) may be terminated by a Hearing Committee on application or on its own motion if it considers the continuation of the suspension unwarranted in the circumstances or when it makes a finding under section 71(1) that the conduct of the member is not conduct deserving of sanction; (c) terminates on the discontinuance of the proceedings against the member under section 62(1) or (2) unless it has been sooner terminated under clause (a) or (b) of this subsection. (3) If a Hearing Committee is directed to deal with a member’s conduct and considers it warranted in the circumstances to do so having regard to the nature of the conduct, the Hearing Committee, at any time after the direction is made and without prior notice or hearing, may order the suspension of the membership of the member pending the making of the Committee’s decision under section 71(1) and, if the Committee finds the member guilty of conduct deserving of sanction, pending the making of the Committee’s order under section 72. (4) An order of suspension under subsection (3) (a) may be terminated by the Hearing Committee that made it or by the Benchers, on application or on the Committee’s or the Benchers’ own motion; (b) terminates on the discontinuance of the proceedings against the member under section 62(1) or (2) unless it has been sooner terminated under clause (a) of this subsection. (5) A termination of a suspension by or under subsection (2) or (4) does not preclude the making of another order under this section for the suspension of the membership of the same member in respect of the same conduct. (6) The Benchers or a Hearing Committee may, instead of suspension under subsection (1) or (3), impose one or more conditions respecting the conduct of a member referred to in this section and may suspend the membership of the member in accordance with subsection (1) or (3) if the member fails to fulfil the condition or conditions. (7) Notwithstanding section 20(5)(b), where under section 20(5) the President directs that a vote under this section be taken by the polling of the Benchers by mail, telegram, telephone or other mode of communication or by any combination of those modes, and (a) the resolution is agreed to by at least 2/3 of the Benchers so voting, and (b) the Benchers so voting constitute a quorum of the Benchers under this Part, the resolution is as valid as if the vote were taken at a properly constituted meeting of the Benchers. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s63;2001 c23 s7 Representation by counsel 64 The Society and the member whose conduct is the subject of proceedings under this Division before the Appeal Committee, before the Practice Review Committee or any of its subcommittees, before a Hearing Committee or before the Benchers may be represented by counsel at those proceedings. 1990 cL‑9.1 s61;1998 c23 s11 Amendment of notice 65 Subject to the rules, a Hearing Committee may at any time during a hearing before it (a) amend any notice given to the member under section 59(1)(a), or (b) deal with any other conduct of the member that arises in the course of the hearing, but in either event the Committee shall declare its intention to amend the notice or deal with the other conduct and shall permit the member sufficient opportunity to prepare the member’s answer respecting the amendment or the other conduct. 1990 cL‑9.1 s62 Membership in Committee continues 66 (1) Subject to subsection (2), a member of a Hearing Committee or Appeal Committee who at any time after the commencement of a hearing of the Committee (a) ceases to be a Bencher, or (b) becomes the President may continue to act as a member of the Hearing Committee or Appeal Committee in all subsequent proceedings of the Hearing Committee or Appeal Committee. (2) A person ceases to be a member of a Hearing Committee if (a) that person ceases to hold office as a Bencher because of section 18, or (b) that person’s appointment as a member of the Hearing Committee is revoked under section 59 by the Conduct Committee or its chair or by the Hearing Committee. (3) If after the commencement of a hearing the membership of a Hearing Committee or Appeal Committee is reduced, the remaining members of the Hearing Committee or Appeal Committee may continue to act as the Hearing Committee or Appeal Committee if at least 2 members of the Committee remain. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s66;2011 c20 s9 Burden of proof 67 When it is established or admitted in any proceedings under this Division that a member has received any money or other property in trust, the burden of proof that the money or other property has been properly dealt with lies on the member. 1990 cL‑9.1 s64 Evidence 68 (1) In proceedings under this Division, a Hearing Committee, the Practice Review Committee or the Appeal Committee (a) may hear, receive and examine evidence in any manner it considers proper, and (b) is not bound by any rules of law concerning evidence in judicial proceedings. (2) Any member of a Committee referred to in subsection (1) may administer an oath to a witness who is to give evidence before that Committee. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s68;2011 c20 s9 Witness 69 (1) A member whose conduct is the subject of a hearing before a Hearing Committee is a compellable witness in proceedings before that Committee. (2) A witness in proceedings before a Hearing Committee may be examined on oath on all matters relevant to the hearing and shall not be excused from answering any question on the ground that the answer (a) might tend to incriminate the witness, (b) might subject the witness to punishment under this Part, or (c) might tend to establish the witness’s liability (i) to a civil proceeding at the instance of the Crown or of any other person, or (ii) to prosecution under any Act, but the answer so given, if it tends to incriminate the witness, subject the witness to punishment or tends to establish the witness’s liability, shall not be used or received against the witness in any other proceedings under this or any other Act except as provided under subsection (3). (3) An answer referred to in subsection (2) may be used or received against the witness who gave it in (a) other proceedings against the witness under this Division, (b) proceedings under section 89 in respect of a claim against the Assurance Fund, or (c) an action against the witness under section 91 or 97(2). (4) For the purpose of obtaining the testimony in proceedings before a Hearing Committee of a witness who is out of Alberta, the Court of King’s Bench on an ex parte application by the Society may direct the obtaining of the evidence of the witness in the manner provided under the Alberta Rules of Court for the taking of the evidence of a person outside Alberta. (5) The Executive Director, the Society’s counsel, the member whose conduct is the subject of a hearing before a Hearing Committee or the member’s counsel may issue a notice to a person requiring that person to attend as a witness before the Hearing Committee at the time and place stated in the notice and stating the records, if any, that the person is required to produce at that hearing. (6) A witness, other than the member whose conduct is the subject of a hearing before a Hearing Committee, who has been served with a notice to attend or a notice for the production of records under subsection (5) is entitled to be paid the same fees, expenses and allowances as are payable to witnesses in an action in the Court of King’s Bench. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s69;2009 c53 s97;AR 217/2022 Attendance of witnesses 70 (1) If a person has been served with a notice referred to in section 69(5) and (a) fails to attend as a witness before the Hearing Committee in compliance with the notice, (b) fails to produce any records before the Hearing Committee in compliance with the notice, (c) refuses to be sworn as a witness before the Hearing Committee, or (d) refuses to answer any question put to the person in a hearing before the Hearing Committee after the chair of the Committee has directed the person to do so, the Court of King’s Bench, on application, may make an order requiring that person to do what that person has failed or refused to do. (2) The Hearing Committee, on proof of service of a notice referred to in section 69(5) on the member whose conduct is the subject of the hearing, may (a) proceed with the hearing in the absence of the member, and (b) act and report on the member’s conduct in the same way as if the member were in attendance. RSA 2000 cL-8 s70;AR 217/2022 Finding by Hearing Committee 71 (1) On completing its hearing, a Hearing Committee shall, in respect of each act or matter regarding the member’s conduct that was the subject of the hearing, make a finding as to whether the member is or is not guilty of conduct deserving of sanction in respect of that act or matter. (2) If the Hearing Committee makes a finding under subsection (1) that the member is not guilty of conduct deserving of sanction, no further proceedings shall be taken under this Part in respect of the act or matter to which the finding relates. (3) If the Hearing Committee makes a finding under subsection (1) that the member is guilty of conduct deserving of sanction, the Committee, (a) on application by the counsel for the Society, shall receive the report of the Executive Director showing the record, if any, of the member relating to previous proceedings against the member under this Part or the predecessors of this Part, and (b) if the Committee is requested to do so by a member of the Committee, by the member or the member’s counsel or by the counsel for the Society, shall hear representations as to whether the member’s conduct arose from incompetence. (4) If the Hearing Committee hears representations under subsection (3)(b), the Committee may make a determination that the member’s conduct arose from incompetence. (5) On receiving a report and on hearing the representations, if any, under subsection (3) and on making a determination, if any, under subsection (4), the Hearing Committee shall hear the representations, if any, by or on behalf of the member and by the counsel for the Society regarding the order to be made by the Committee under section 72 and, where applicable, the order to be made by the Committee under section 73. 1990 cL‑9.1 s68;2000 c15 s5(31) Order of the Hearing Committee 72 (1) If a Hearing Committee finds that a member is guilty of conduct deserving of sanction, the Committee shall either (a) order that the member be disbarred, (b) order that the membership of the member be suspended during the period prescribed by the order, or (c) order that the member be reprimanded. (2) In addition to an order under subsection (1), the Hearing Committee may make one or more of the following orders: (a) an order that imposes on the member conditions on the member’s suspension or on the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor, a requirement that the member appear before a Board of Examiners, or any other condition or requirement permitted by the rules; (b) an order requiring the payment to the Society, for each act or matter regarding the member’s conduct in respect of which the Committee has made a finding of guilt, of a penalty of not more than $10 000, within the time prescribed by the order; (c) an order requiring the payment to the Society of all or part of the costs of the proceedings within the time prescribed by the order. (3) A suspension order made under subsection (1)(b) may be terminated by the Benchers on their own motion or, subject to the rules, on application. (4) If the Hearing Committee makes an order of suspension or reprimand under subsection (1), it may also make an order directing that the member is not ineligible for nomination or election as a Bencher by reason of the finding of guilt on which the order is based. (5) The Society may, by an action in debt, recover any penalties or costs payable under an order made pursuant to subsection (2) from the person required to pay them. 1990 cL‑9.1 s69;2000 c15 s5(25) Orders respecting incompetence 73 (1) If the Hearing Committee determines that the conduct of the member arose from incompetence and makes an order of reprimand under section 72(1)(c) in respect of that conduct, the Hearing Committee, in addition to making the order of reprimand and any other order under section 72(2), may make one or more of the following orders: (a) an order suspending the membership of the member or imposing conditions respecting the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor until (i) the member has completed, to the satisfaction of the Practice Review Committee, a course or courses of study specified by that Committee, or (ii) the member has appeared before a Board of Examiners and has satisfied the Board that the member is competent to engage in practice as a barrister and solicitor generally or in any specified field or fields of law, or both; (b) an order requiring the member (i) to complete successfully a course or courses of study specified by the Practice Review Committee within the period of time prescribed by that Committee, or (ii) to appear before a Board of Examiners within the period prescribed by the Hearing Committee and satisfy the Board that the member is competent to engage in practice as a barrister and solicitor generally or in any specified field or fields of law, or both; (c) an order suspending the membership of the member until the member has appeared before a Board of Examiners and has satisfied the Board that the member’s competence to practise as a barrister and solicitor is not adversely affected by any physical or mental disability or addiction to alcohol or drugs; (d) an order requiring the member to appear before a Board of Examiners within the period of time prescribed by the order and to satisfy the Board that the member’s competence to practise as a barrister and solicitor is not adversely affected by any physical or mental disability or addiction to alcohol or drugs; (e) an order suspending the membership of the member or imposing conditions respecting the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor until the member has given the Executive Director an undertaking in writing, in a form approved by the Practice Review Committee, that the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor will be carried on subject to the conditions imposed by that Committee. (2) The conditions that may be imposed in an order under subsection (1)(a) or (e) or in an undertaking given under subsection (1)(e) may, without limitation, consist of or include any of the following: (a) a condition that the member’s practice be restricted to any specified field or fields of law; (b) a condition that the member be prohibited from practising in any specified field or fields of law; (c) a condition that the member’s practice be carried on under the direct supervision of one or more of the active members named in the order or undertaking. (3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a student‑at‑law. (4) If the Hearing Committee determines that the conduct of a student‑at‑law arose from incompetence and makes an order of reprimand under section 72(1)(c) in respect of that conduct, the Hearing Committee, in addition to the order of reprimand and any other order under section 72(2), may make one or more of the following orders against the student‑at‑law: (a) an order requiring the student‑at‑law (i) to complete successfully a course or courses of study designated by the Practice Review Committee within the period of time prescribed by that Committee, or (ii) to appear before a Board of Examiners and satisfy the Board that the student‑at‑law is competent to continue articles; (b) an order suspending the registration of the student‑at‑law until (i) the student‑at‑law has completed, to the satisfaction of the Practice Review Committee, a course or courses of study specified by the Practice Review Committee, or (ii) the student‑at‑law has appeared before a Board of Examiners and has satisfied the Board that the student‑at‑law is competent to resume articles, or both; (c) an order suspending the registration of the student‑at‑law until the student‑at‑law has appeared before a Board of Examiners and has satisfied the Board that the student‑at‑law’s competence to resume articles is not adversely affected by any physical or mental disability or addiction to alcohol or drugs.

(5) A Board of Examiners shall be appointed by the chair of the Hearing Committee, the chair of the panel of Benchers or the Court of Appeal, as the case requires. 1990 cL‑9.1 s70;1998 c23 s11;2000 c15 s5(31) Written report by Hearing Committee 74 (1) On completing its hearing and deliberations, a Hearing Committee shall (a) prepare a written report that sets out (i) each of its decisions and the reasons for its decisions, (ii) the findings of fact and the conclusions of law, if any, and (iii) any order made by that Committee, and (b) give a copy of the report to the chair of the Conduct Committee and to the Executive Director. (2) If a Hearing Committee has found the member guilty of conduct deserving of sanction but any of its decisions in respect of its finding, determination or order is not unanimous, the dissenting member or members of the Committee shall (a) prepare a written report respecting the dissent and containing the reasons for the dissent, and (b) give a copy of the report to the chair of the Conduct Committee and to the Executive Director. (3) The Executive Director, on receipt of a report under subsection (1) or (2), shall within a reasonable time (a) give a copy of the report to the member or the member’s counsel, and (b) subject to subsection (3.1), send to the complainant a copy of the report. (3.1) If the whole or part of a hearing has been held in private, the complainant is not entitled to receive the portion of the report relating to any part of the hearing held in private for the benefit of another person. (4) The Executive Director must provide a copy of a report under subsection (1) or (2) to any person requesting a copy on payment of a reasonable fee to cover the cost of preparing the copy, but (a) if the hearing to which the report relates was held wholly in private, the Executive Director shall refuse to provide a copy of the report, and (b) if the hearing to which the report relates was held partly in private, the Executive Director shall refuse to provide that portion of the report relating to the part of the hearing held in private. (4.1) The chair of the Conduct Committee shall determine what portions of a report may be provided for the purposes of subsections (3.1) and (4). (4.2) A determination by the chair of the Conduct Committee under subsection (4.1) may be appealed to the Appeal Committee in accordance with the Rules, and on hearing the appeal, the Appeal Committee shall either (a) confirm the determination made by the chair of the Conduct Committee, or (b) make its own determination. (5) If an appeal is taken by the member to the Benchers under this Part, the Executive Director shall, at the expense of the member, arrange for the preparation of the hearing record of the hearing. (6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), the Benchers may (a) waive the payment of all or part of the cost of the preparation of the hearing record, or (b) in the event that the appeal is wholly or partly successful, direct that all or part of the cost of preparation of the hearing record be repaid to the member or be applied to reduce the amount of any penalties or costs otherwise payable by the member. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s74;2003 c42 s12 Appeal to Benchers 75 (1) If the Hearing Committee makes an order under section 72(1), the member in respect of whom the order is made may appeal to the Benchers in accordance with this section. (2) An appeal to the Benchers under this section may relate to all or any of the following: (a) any finding of guilt by the Hearing Committee under section 71(1) on which the order under section 72(1) was based; (b) a determination by the Hearing Committee under section 71(4) that the member’s conduct arose from incompetence; (c) all or any part of an order made by the Hearing Committee against the member pursuant to section 72. (3) An appeal under this section shall be commenced by filing a notice of appeal with the Executive Director within the 30‑day period after the date on which a copy of the hearing report was given to the member or the member’s counsel. (4) If an appeal is taken to the Benchers under this section, the Executive Director shall (a) serve a notice on the member or the member’s counsel showing the time and place at which the hearing report and the hearing record are to be considered by the Benchers and stating that the member may appear before the Benchers at that time and place in person or by the member’s counsel, (b) serve on the member concerned or the member’s counsel a copy of the hearing report and the hearing record, and (c) give copies of the hearing report and the hearing record to those Benchers who, to the Executive Director’s knowledge, are expected to form the panel of Benchers who will hear the matter or who may be included in that panel. (4.1) Where an application is being brought under section 76(11)(c) to dismiss an appeal, copies of the hearing record are not required to be served or given under subsection (4)(b) and (c). (5) If it is not reasonably practical for the Executive Director to serve or give a copy of an exhibit or a recording forming part of the hearing record, the Executive Director shall (a) with the authorization of the President, make the original exhibit available for examination and inspection, or the recording for listening, by the member or the member’s counsel prior to the hearing of the appeal, and (b) make the original exhibit available for examination and inspection, or the recording for listening, by the Benchers at the hearing of the appeal. (6) At any time after the Hearing Committee informs the member of its decision to make an order against the member under section 72(1) and on notice to the Executive Director, the member may apply to the Hearing Committee for a stay of the operation of the order, pending the conclusion of the appeal to the Benchers. (7) The Hearing Committee may make an order applied for under subsection (6) with or without imposing conditions on the member, but the Committee shall refuse to make the order if it is satisfied that the conduct of the member involves the conversion or misappropriation of property or that, having regard to the nature of the member’s conduct, it is proper to refuse to make the order. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s75;2003 c42 s12;2011 c20 s9 Hearing by Benchers 76 (1) If an appeal is taken to the Benchers under section 75, the Benchers shall, as soon as practicable and subject to compliance with section 75, hold a hearing to (a) consider the hearing report and the hearing record, and (b) hear any representations of the member or the member’s counsel respecting the appeal. (2) A Bencher is qualified to participate in or vote at proceedings before the Benchers under this section unless that Bencher (a) was a member of the Hearing Committee from which the appeal is taken, (b) participated as a member of the Conduct Committee, the Practice Review Committee or the Appeal Committee in proceedings of that Committee relating to the same matter that was the subject of the hearing by the Hearing Committee from which the appeal is taken, (c) except in the case of an application under subsection (11)(c), did not receive a copy of the hearing report and the hearing record before the hearing commenced, or (d) is otherwise disqualified. (3) A member of a panel of Benchers hearing an appeal under this section may continue to act until the appeal is concluded notwithstanding that the member ceases to be a Bencher after the commencement of the hearing unless the member ceases to hold office as a Bencher because of section 18. (4) If after the commencement of a hearing of an appeal under this section the membership of the panel of Benchers is reduced, the remaining members of the panel may continue to act as the panel for the purpose of concluding the appeal if at least 5 members of the panel remain. (5) The commencement of a hearing under this section may be adjourned from time to time (a) by the Benchers, or (b) by a committee of the Benchers pursuant to the rules. (6) The panel of Benchers holding a hearing under this section may, on application for leave to receive fresh evidence, inquire into the nature of that evidence and, on granting leave, may (a) direct that all or part of the fresh evidence will be received by the panel, (b) direct the Hearing Committee from which the appeal was taken to hold a further hearing to hear the fresh evidence, or (c) quash a finding of guilt made by the Hearing Committee and direct that the conduct that was the subject of the finding be dealt with at a new hearing by a different Hearing Committee. (7) If the panel of Benchers receives fresh evidence pursuant to subsection (6)(a), sections 68 to 70 apply with respect to the proceedings of the panel at which the fresh evidence is received, and for that purpose a reference in those sections to a Hearing Committee shall be read as a reference to the panel. (8) If the panel of Benchers directs a further hearing before the Hearing Committee pursuant to subsection (6)(b), (a) the Hearing Committee shall receive evidence at the further hearing in accordance with the instructions and conditions given or imposed by the panel; (b) the Hearing Committee may revoke any finding of guilt or any determination respecting incompetence previously made by it or amend or replace any order made by it under section 72 or 73; (c) section 74 applies with respect to the further hearing and the hearing record of the further hearing; (d) section 75(4)(b) and (c) and (5) apply with respect to the hearing report and the hearing record of the further hearing; (e) a panel of the Benchers shall reconvene the hearing of the appeal and shall dispose of the appeal having regard also to the hearing report and the hearing record of the further hearing. (9) If the panel of Benchers directs a new hearing before a different Hearing Committee pursuant to subsection (6)(c), (a) section 59 applies to the new hearing as if that section referred to the Benchers rather than to the Conduct Committee, and (b) each member of the panel is disqualified from being a member of the new Hearing Committee but is not disqualified merely because of that membership on the panel from being a member of the panel of Benchers that hears any appeal from the new Hearing Committee. (10) If a meeting of the panel of Benchers is held after the conclusion of a hearing under this section to consider its decision on the appeal, the only persons who may be present at the meeting are (a) the members of the panel, and (b) the Executive Director, or some other person designated by the panel, only for the purpose of recording minutes of the meeting. (11) The Benchers may make an order dismissing the appeal, with or without a further order requiring the member to pay to the Society all or part of the costs of the proceedings relating to the appeal, if (a) neither the member nor the member’s counsel appears before the Benchers at the time and place at which the hearing is to be held and the Benchers determine that the Executive Director has complied with section 75(4)(a) and (b), (b) the member or the member’s counsel appears before the Benchers for the purpose of applying for an adjournment of the hearing and the Benchers consider the adjournment unjustified in the circumstances, or (c) the Benchers are satisfied that the member has otherwise abandoned the appeal. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s76;2003 c42 s12 Order by Benchers 77 (1) Within a reasonable time after the conclusion of their appeal hearing under section 76, the Benchers may, in respect of any conduct that resulted in the order of the Hearing Committee under section 72(1), make one or more of the following orders: (a) an order (i) confirming the Hearing Committee’s finding of guilt in respect of the member’s conduct, or (ii) quashing the finding of guilt, with or without a further order under subsection (3); (b) an order confirming or quashing a determination by the Hearing Committee that the member’s conduct arose from incompetence; (c) where the Benchers confirm the Hearing Committee’s finding of guilt, an order confirming or varying the Committee’s order under section 72 or replacing it with any other order that the Committee could have made under that section; (d) where the Benchers replace the Hearing Committee’s order under section 72(1)(a) or (b) with an order of reprimand under section 72(1)(c), (i) an order confirming the Committee’s determination, or making their own determination, that the member’s conduct arose from incompetence, and (ii) any order under section 73 against the member that the Hearing Committee could have made; (e) if the appeal does not result in the confirmation or making of an order of disbarment, an order (i) confirming the Committee’s order under section 72(4), or (ii) directing that the member is not ineligible for nomination or election as a Bencher because of the finding of guilt on which the order under section 72 is based. (2) Notwithstanding section 21, if the Benchers vote on a motion to make an order under subsection (1) either to confirm or to quash a finding, determination or order of a Hearing Committee and there is an equality of votes on the motion, the Benchers are deemed to have voted in favour of confirming the finding, determination or order. (3) If the Benchers under subsection (1)(a) quash a finding of guilt, (a) the Benchers may also make an order directing that the member’s conduct that was the subject of the finding be dealt with at a new hearing by a different Hearing Committee, and (b) section 59 applies to the matter as though that section referred to the Benchers rather than to the Conduct Committee. (4) An order for the suspension of the membership of a member that is confirmed or made by the Benchers under subsection (1) may, at any time after the Benchers’ order, be terminated by the Benchers on their own motion or, subject to the rules, on application. (5) After the Benchers have made an order under section 76(11) or this section, the Executive Director shall (a) prepare a summary of the order, (b) give a copy of the summary to the member or the member’s counsel, and (c) send a copy of the summary to the complainant, if any. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s77;2011 c20 s9 Public or private proceedings 78 (1) The public may attend and observe a hearing before a Hearing Committee or an application under section 61 or an appeal under section 76 except to the extent that the hearing is directed to be held in private under subsection (2). (2) The Hearing Committee or the Benchers, as the case may be, on their own motion or on the application of the member concerned, the complainant, any person expected to be a witness at the hearing or any other interested party at any time before or during the proceedings, may, subject to the rules, direct that all or part of the hearing is to be held in private. (3) Proceedings under this Division, other than hearings referred to in subsection (1) and hearings before the Court of Appeal, shall be held in private. (4) Nothing in subsections (1) to (3) prevents the Society from disclosing or publishing the name of a member whose conduct is the subject of a hearing under this Division held wholly or partly in private. (5) Notwithstanding subsections (1) to (4), where the Conduct Committee is of the opinion that there are reasonable and probable grounds to believe that a member has committed a criminal offence, it may direct the Executive Director to advise the Minister. (6) Notwithstanding subsections (1) to (4), if following a hearing under this Division, the Hearing Committee or the panel of Benchers is of the opinion that there are reasonable and probable grounds to believe that the member has committed a criminal offence, the Hearing Committee or the panel, as the case may be, shall forthwith direct the Executive Director to send a copy of the hearing record to the Minister. (7) On receiving a direction under subsection (6), the Executive Director shall forthwith provide to the Minister the following: (a) the member’s name; (b) the criminal offence suspected to have been committed; (c) copies of all witness statements but not compelled statements given by the member; (d) copies of all relevant evidence, including transcripts, but not transcripts subject to claims of solicitor‑client privilege or client confidentiality, nor transcripts of the member’s testimony; (e) a general description of relevant evidence in the possession of the Society that the Society claims may be subject to solicitor‑client privilege; (f) a general description of relevant evidence in the possession of the Society, that the Society claims may be confidential to the client. (8) On request by the Minister, the Executive Director shall forthwith provide to the Minister any compelled statements of the member or any testimony of the member not subject to claims of solicitor‑client privilege or client confidentiality. RSA 2000 L‑8 s78;2002 c30 s19;2003 c42 s12; 2013 c10 s34;2022 c21 s50 Suspension for non‑payment 79 (1) Unless the Conduct Committee otherwise directs before the expiration of the period prescribed by the order, the membership of a member is automatically suspended until payment is made in full if (a) an order is made against the member by a Hearing Committee or the Benchers for the payment of a penalty or of all or part of the costs of any proceedings under this Division, and (b) payment in full is not received by the Society within the period prescribed by the order. (2) Subsection (1) does not affect the operation of any other order under this Part for the suspension of the membership of a member. 1990 cL‑9.1 s76 Appeal to Court of Appeal 80 (1) A person found guilty of conduct deserving of sanction may appeal to the Court of Appeal any or all of the following: (a) a finding, determination or order made by a Hearing Committee that may not be appealed to the Benchers under section 75; (b) an order of the Benchers under section 76(11); (c) all or part of an order made against the member by the Benchers under section 77(1). (2) The appeal shall be commenced not more than 30 days after the date on which the finding, determination or order appealed from was made by (a) filing a notice of appeal with the Registrar of the Court at Edmonton or Calgary, and (b) serving a copy of the notice of appeal on the Executive Director. (3) A judge of the Court of Appeal may, within the 30‑day period referred to in subsection (2), extend the time for filing or service under subsection (2). (4) The Society shall be named as the sole respondent in an appeal under this section. (5) The Executive Director, at the expense of an appellant under this section, shall arrange for the preparation of the hearing record of the hearing before the Hearing Committee. (6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), the Benchers may waive the payment of all or part of the cost of the preparation of the hearing record. (7) The appellant, after commencing the appeal and on notice to the Executive Director, may apply to the Court of King’s Bench for a stay, pending the conclusion of the appeal under this section, of the operation of any order appealed from that is (a) an order of the Benchers (i) disbarring the appellant or confirming the Hearing Committee’s disbarment order, or (ii) suspending the membership of the appellant during the period prescribed in the order or confirming the Hearing Committee’s order suspending the membership of the appellant during the period prescribed in the Committee’s order, or (b) an order under section 72(2) or 73. (8) The Court of King’s Bench may make an order applied for under subsection (7) with or without imposing conditions on the appellant, but shall refuse to make the order if the Court is satisfied that the conduct of the appellant involves the conversion or misappropriation of property or that, having regard to the nature of the conduct of the appellant, it is proper to refuse to make the order. RSA 2000 cL-8 s80;AR 217/2022 Procedure on appeal 81 (1) An appeal to the Court of Appeal shall be founded on copies certified by the Executive Director of the following: (a) in the case of an appeal from a decision of a Hearing Committee, the hearing report and the hearing record; (b) in the case of an appeal taken from the Benchers pursuant to section 80(1)(b) or (c), (i) the hearing report, the hearing record and the Executive Director’s summary prepared pursuant to section 77(5), and (ii) if the Benchers received fresh evidence under section 76(6), a transcription of the proceedings at which the fresh evidence was received, a transcription of any recording entered as an exhibit at those proceedings and any exhibit entered in evidence at those proceedings. (2) The Executive Director, on being paid the fees prescribed by the rules and any disbursements and expenses in connection with those fees, shall, on request, give the appellant or the appellant’s counsel not more than 9 copies of the documents mentioned in subsection (1) in accordance with the request. (3) The Alberta Rules of Court for appeals from a judgment or order of the Court of King’s Bench to the Court of Appeal apply to an appeal to the Court of Appeal under section 80. RSA 2000 cL-8 s81;AR 217/2022 Powers of Court of Appeal 82 (1) The Court of Appeal on hearing the appeal may (a) in the case of an appeal taken under section 80(1)(a), (i) confirm or quash any finding or determination of the Hearing Committee, (ii) confirm, quash or vary any order of the Hearing Committee under section 72 or replace it with any other order the Committee could have made under that section, or (iii) confirm, quash or vary any order of the Hearing Committee under section 73, replace it with any other order the Committee could have made under that section or direct the Benchers to make a replacement order under section 73 in accordance with the instructions of the Court; (b) in the case of an appeal taken under section 80(1)(b), confirm the order of the Benchers under section 76(11) or quash it and direct the Benchers to proceed with the appeal that was dismissed by that order; (c) in a case of an appeal taken pursuant to section 80(1)(c), confirm, quash or vary the order of the Benchers or replace it with any other order the Benchers could have made under section 77(1); (d) where the Court quashes a finding of guilt, direct the Benchers to make an order under section 77(3) to have the matter regarding the member’s conduct that was the subject of the finding dealt with at a new hearing by a different Hearing Committee; (e) in the event that the appeal is wholly or partly successful, direct that all or part of the cost of preparation of the documents referred to in section 81(1) be repaid by the Society to the member or be applied to reduce the amount of penalties or costs otherwise payable to the Society by the member. (2) In making an order under subsection (1), the Court may give the Benchers any directions the Court considers just in the circumstances as a consequence of its decision or considers necessary to carry out its decision. 1990 cL‑9.1 s79 Division 2 General Indictable offence 83 (1) In this section, (a) “appeal”, with reference to a conviction for an indictable offence, means an appeal from the conviction or proceedings to have the conviction quashed; (b) “appeal period”, with reference to a conviction for an indictable offence, means the period limited by law for the commencement of an appeal from the conviction. (2) If a member is convicted of an indictable offence, the Benchers, without any other proceedings under this Part and before the expiration of the appeal period relating to the conviction, may order the suspension of the membership of the member whether or not an appeal is commenced. (3) A suspension ordered under subsection (2) may be terminated by the Benchers at any time without affecting the power of the Benchers to subsequently make an order under subsection (4) or another suspension order under subsection (2). (4) If a member is convicted of an indictable offence, the Benchers, whether a suspension is ordered under subsection (2) or not, may order (a) that the membership of the member be suspended for the period prescribed by the order, or (b) that the member be disbarred at any time after (c) the expiration of the appeal period, if an appeal from the conviction is not commenced within the appeal period, or (d) the conclusion or abandonment of the appeal taken from the conviction. (5) The Benchers shall not make any order under subsection (4) until the member has been given (a) notice in accordance with the rules of the intention of the Benchers to consider making an order under that subsection, and (b) a reasonable opportunity to make oral or written representations to the Benchers in that regard. (6) The public may attend and observe proceedings under subsection (5) unless the Benchers, on their own motion or on the application of the member or any other interested party at any time before or during the proceedings, direct that the proceedings are to be held in private. (7) The membership of a member who is sentenced to a term or terms of imprisonment is automatically suspended during the time that the member is imprisoned or is serving a conditional or intermittent sentence of imprisonment and during any period of parole, regardless of (a) whether the conduct of the member giving rise to the sentence has been the subject of previous or other proceedings under this Act, including the imposition of one or more sanctions; (b) whether a suspension order has been made under subsection (2) or (4)(a); (c) the period of suspension prescribed by any order made under subsection (4)(a). 1990 cL-9.1 s80;1996 c28 s26;2000 c15 s5(27) Extra-provincial disciplinary acts 84 (1) In this section, (a) “Alberta member” means a member of the Society who is also a member of an extra‑provincial law society or who ceased to be a member of that society by reason of an order referred to in subsection (3)(a); (b) “disciplinary body”, in relation to an extra‑provincial law society, means the governing body of that society or any person or group of persons having powers to impose disciplinary sanctions on the members of that society by way of suspension or termination of membership in that society; (c) “extra‑provincial law society” means a law society or other body in a jurisdiction other than Alberta, membership in which is, under the laws of that jurisdiction, a requirement for practising law in that jurisdiction. (2) If the disciplinary body of an extra‑provincial law society orders the suspension of the membership of an Alberta member in that society pending an investigation relating to the Alberta member or pending the outcome of any disciplinary proceedings against the Alberta member, the Benchers, without any other proceedings under this Part, may order the suspension of the Alberta member’s membership in the Society for a period co‑extensive with the remainder of the period of suspension ordered by the disciplinary body. (3) The Benchers, whether or not a suspension is ordered under subsection (2), may make an order against an Alberta member if (a) a disciplinary body of an extra‑provincial law society, in disciplinary proceedings against the Alberta member, makes (i) an order for the suspension of the Alberta member’s membership in that extra‑provincial law society for a fixed period, or (ii) an order having the effect of terminating the Alberta member’s membership in that society, or (b) the Alberta member resigns as a member of that extra‑provincial society instead of having disciplinary proceedings by a disciplinary body of that society continue against the Alberta member. (4) An order made against an Alberta member under subsection (3) shall be either (a) an order for the suspension of the Alberta member’s membership in the Society for the period prescribed by the order, or (b) an order disbarring the Alberta member. (5) The Benchers shall not make any order under subsection (3) until the Alberta member concerned has been given (a) notice in accordance with the rules of the intention of the Benchers to consider making an order under that subsection, and (b) a reasonable opportunity to make oral or written representations to the Benchers in that regard. (6) If the Benchers make an order under subsection (3) for the suspension of the membership of an Alberta member who is a Bencher at the time the order is made, the Benchers may also make an order directing that the member is not ineligible for nomination or election as a Bencher by reason of the suspension order. (7) The public may attend and observe proceedings under subsection (5) at which the member is present unless the Benchers, on their own motion or on the application of the member or any other interested party at any time before or during the proceedings, direct that the proceedings are to be held in private. 1990 cL‑9.1 s81 Notice of suspension or termination 85 (1) When a member is disbarred or the membership of a member is suspended, the Executive Director shall send a notice stating that fact to the judges and clerks of the Court of Appeal, the Court of King’s Bench and the Court of Justice, to the Applications Judges, to the active members and students‑at‑law and to the secretaries of other law societies in Canada. (2) A notice under subsection (1) may, subject to the rules, contain information pertaining to any findings, determinations and orders made in respect of the member. (3) If an order is made against a member under section 72, 77, 82, 83 or 84 or an application is granted under section 61, the Hearing Committee or the Benchers may give directions to the Executive Director in accordance with the rules respecting (a) the publication of the name of the member and of information pertaining to any findings, determinations and orders made in respect of the member or to the member’s resignation, as the case may be, and (b) if the member has been disbarred or the membership of the member has been suspended, the posting of notice in the office or other place or places of business of the member relating to the disbarment or suspension. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s85;2003 c42 s12;AR 137/2022;AR 217/2022; AR 75/2023 Reinstatement 86 (1) If a person is disbarred, (a) that person shall not be reinstated as a member pursuant to the rules except by an order of the Benchers, and (b) no order for that person’s reinstatement as a member shall be made within one year after (i) the date on which the person was disbarred, (ii) if the operation of an order of a Hearing Committee to disbar the person was stayed under section 75(7) and the order was confirmed by the Benchers on appeal, the date of the Benchers’ confirmation order, or (iii) if the operation of the Benchers’ confirmation order referred to in subclause (ii) was stayed under section 80(8) and the Hearing Committee’s order was confirmed by the Court of Appeal, the date on which the Court of Appeal made its confirmation order. (2) A Bencher who is a member of a committee of inquiry appointed pursuant to the rules to consider an application for reinstatement to which subsection (1) applies may participate in or vote at any proceedings of the Benchers pertaining to the application. 1990 cL‑9.1 s83 Part 4 Protection of Persons Dealing with Members Division 1 The Assurance Fund Finance Committee 87 (1) There is hereby established a committee called the “Finance Committee”. (2) The members of the Finance Committee shall be appointed by the Benchers and shall consist of (a) Benchers only, or (b) a majority of Benchers and a minority of members of the Society who are not Benchers. (3) Notwithstanding subsection (2), at least one member of the Finance Committee shall be a lay Bencher. 1990 cL‑9.1 s84 Proceedings 88 (1) Subject to subsection (2), sections 68 to 70 apply to proceedings under this Part before the Finance Committee, an appeal panel of Benchers or the Benchers. (2) Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), in applying sections 68 to 70 to proceedings under this Part, (a) references in those sections to a Hearing Committee shall be construed as references to the Finance Committee, the appeal panel of Benchers or the Benchers, whichever body is conducting the proceedings under this Part, (b) references in those sections to a witness include the member whose conduct gave rise to a claim against the Assurance Fund, and (c) references in those sections to the member whose conduct is the subject of proceedings under Part 3 shall be construed as references to the member whose conduct gave rise to a claim against the Assurance Fund. 1990 cL‑9.1 s85 Assurance Fund 89 (1) The Society shall hold and maintain a fund called the “Assurance Fund”. (2) If a member misappropriates or wrongfully converts money or other property entrusted to or received by a member in the member’s capacity as a barrister and solicitor and in the course of the member’s practice as a barrister and solicitor, a person entitled to the money or other property may submit a claim to the Society for compensation from the Assurance Fund in respect of (a) the money, or (b) in the case of property other than money, the value of the property. (3) The Finance Committee, an appeal panel of Benchers or the Benchers, whichever hears a claim under this section, may (a) approve, with or without conditions, the payment from the Assurance Fund of all or any part of the amount of compensation that may be claimed under subsection (2), or (b) refuse to approve the payment of compensation where it considers a refusal to be appropriate in the circumstances. (4) The Benchers may make rules (a) respecting the administration of the Assurance Fund; (b) providing for the levying on the active members of an annual assessment of an amount fixed by the Benchers from time to time for the purpose of maintaining and augmenting the Assurance Fund; (c) providing for the levying on the active members of special assessments of such amounts as may be fixed by the Benchers from time to time for the purpose of maintaining and augmenting the Assurance Fund; (d) respecting the expenditures of the Society that are chargeable to the Assurance Fund; (e) providing for the exemption of categories of active members from the payment of annual assessments referred to in clause (b) and special assessments referred to in clause (c) and the conditions on which the exemptions may be given; (f) respecting claims under this section; (g) respecting the imposition of conditions to be met before any amount of compensation is paid from the Assurance Fund pursuant to subsection (3); (h) respecting the powers and duties of the Finance Committee, of an appeal panel of Benchers and of the Benchers in relation to the adjudication of all or any class of claims against the Assurance Fund; (i) respecting appeals from the Finance Committee to a panel of Benchers appointed in accordance with the rules in respect of all or any class of claims adjudicated by the Finance Committee, and respecting the powers and duties of an appeal panel so appointed; (j) respecting the exercise of the powers of the Finance Committee, an appeal panel of Benchers or the Benchers under subsection (3); (k) respecting proceedings under this Part of the Finance Committee, an appeal panel of Benchers or the Benchers; (l) permitting the Executive Director or the chair of the Finance Committee to exercise the powers of the Finance Committee under subsection (3) in specified circumstances, and respecting associated procedural matters; (m) permitting, in specified circumstances, the dismissal of a claim under subsection (2) without a full hearing, and respecting associated procedural matters, including the procedure, if any, for a review of such a dismissal. (5) The Society may, in a manner and on terms and conditions the Benchers consider advisable, enter into contracts with insurers or other persons whereby the Assurance Fund may be protected in whole or in part against any claim or loss to the Fund. (6) The Society has, and is deemed to have had at all times, an insurable interest in the Assurance Fund and in the protection of it against loss notwithstanding that any loss is the result of the exercise of any powers of the Finance Committee, an appeal panel of Benchers or the Benchers under subsection (3). (7) The Assurance Fund shall be kept separate and apart from any other funds of the Society, and (a) shall be invested as the Benchers may from time to time determine, (b) shall be administered by the Benchers in a manner they consider proper, (c) is not subject to any trust, and (d) is not subject to seizure or attachment by any creditor of the Society. 1990 cL‑9.1 s86;2000 c15 s5(28) Report re Assurance Fund 90 Not later than March 31 in each year, the Benchers shall cause a report to be prepared on the Assurance Fund and all dispositions made from it and not later than that date shall cause a copy of it to be delivered to the Minister. 1990 cL‑9.1 s87;1994 cG‑8.5 s89 Subrogation of rights 91 (1) When any payment has been made from the Assurance Fund, the Society is subrogated to the rights, remedies and securities to which the person receiving the payment was entitled as against the member or former member whose conduct gave rise to the payment, and those rights, remedies and securities may be enforced or realized, as the case may be, in the name of the Society to the extent of the amount paid from the Assurance Fund. (2) The Society may by an action in debt recover from the member or former member whose conduct gave rise to a payment from the Assurance Fund the amounts of any costs and expenses incurred by the Society in connection with audits, reviews, examinations, investigations and hearings relating to claims against the Assurance Fund arising from the conduct of the member or former member. 1990 cL‑9.1 s88 Division 2 Seizure and Custody of Property in Member ’ s Possession Definitions 92 In this Division, (a) “depository” means any bank, trust corporation, treasury branch, credit union or other person holding by way of deposit or otherwise any property of a member; (b) “member” includes a former member of the Society; (c) “property” or “property of a member” means anything wherever situated, kept by, acquired by or given to a member by or for a client or any other person and without restricting the generality of the foregoing includes records, securities, shares, trust money in cash or on deposit, negotiable instruments, corporate seals and chattels or any of them if they in any way relate to the member’s practice or former practice as a barrister and solicitor or the business or affairs of the member’s clients or former clients or any of them and whether they were acquired before or after the member ceased to practise as a barrister and solicitor. 1990 cL‑9.1 s89;1991 cL‑26.5 s335(28) Accounting for property 93 (1) The chair or a vice‑chair of the Conduct Committee may at any time, if the chair or vice‑chair is of the opinion that a member has failed to account to a client or to deliver to a client any property, (a) instruct the Executive Director to direct the member to give to the client or to the Executive Director, or both, an accounting of the property, or (b) instruct the Executive Director to direct the member to pay the property into or deposit the property with the Court of King’s Bench, and may fix a time within which the member is to comply with the direction. (2) Property paid or deposited under subsection (1) may, on the order of the Court of King’s Bench made on an application, be paid out or delivered to the person or persons named in the order as being entitled to it. (3) If a member fails to comply with a direction given under subsection (1), the Court of King’s Bench, on application, may make an order requiring that the person comply with the direction. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s93;2009 c53 s97;AR 217/2022 Seizure of property 94 (1) On an application made ex parte by the Society, the Court of King’s Bench may order a civil enforcement agency by means of a civil enforcement bailiff (a) to enter on any premises where any property that relates to a transaction between the member and any of the member’s clients is or may be kept, and (b) to seize and remove the property and place it in the custody of the Executive Director or any other person named in the order. (2) A civil enforcement agency executing an order under subsection (1) has all the powers of a person lawfully charged with the execution of a writ of enforcement or a distress warrant under the Civil Enforcement Act . (3) The Executive Director shall have any property placed in custody under subsection (1) examined by a person designated by the chair or vice‑chair of the Conduct Committee or by the chair of a Hearing Committee and after the examination shall return the property to the member or otherwise deal with it as the Court of King’s Bench may direct on notice being given to the member. (4) An order under this section may be varied or set aside on 2 days’ notice. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s94;2009 c53 s97;AR 217/2022 Custodian 95 (1) In any of the following cases: (a) when the name of a member has been struck off the roll; (b) when the membership of a member has been suspended; (c) when a member’s conduct is the subject of any proceedings under Part 3 and there is reason to believe that the conduct involves the misappropriation or wrongful conversion of property; (d) when a member has died or become mentally incapacitated; (e) when by reason of illness or for any other reason a member is unable to practise as a barrister and solicitor; (f) when a member has absconded or is otherwise improperly absent from the member’s place of business or has neglected the member’s practice for an unduly extended period; (g) when there is reason to believe that the trust money held by a member is not sufficient to meet the member’s trust liabilities; (h) when other sufficient grounds exist, the Court of King’s Bench, on application by the Society either ex parte or on such notice as the Court may require, may by order appoint a person as custodian to have custody of the property of the member and to manage or wind up the legal business of the member. (2) An order under subsection (1) may direct a civil enforcement agency to seize and remove and place in the custody of the custodian all property of the member, and to that end the order may authorize a civil enforcement bailiff to enter on any premises or open any safety deposit box or other receptacle when there are grounds for believing that property of the member may be found on it or in it. (3) Unless otherwise directed, the order shall be promptly served on the member. (4) On receipt by any person of notice that an order has been made pursuant to this section, the person shall retain and shall not dispose of any property of a member until directed by the custodian or by order of the Court as to the disposition of it. (5) The Court of King’s Bench may in an order under subsection (1) or may at any time and from time to time by a subsequent order made ex parte or on such notice as the Court may require, (a) direct a depository of any property of a member (i) to deal with, hold or dispose of the property in accordance with the order, or (ii) to pay over or deliver the property to the custodian in accordance with the order, (b) remove any custodian appointed by the order and appoint another custodian, (c) give directions and advice to the custodian as to the disposition of the property in the custodian’s hands or any part or parts of it, or (d) give any directions or make any other order that the nature of the situation requires. RSA 2000 cL-8 s95;AR 217/2022 Examination and disposal of property 96 (1) When property of a member has been placed in the custody of a custodian under section 95, the Executive Director or counsel for the Society and any other counsel or other persons, if any, that the chair or vice‑chair of the Conduct Committee designates shall examine the property, and the custodian shall, by notice as the custodian thinks proper, including publication in a newspaper if the custodian thinks fit, inform clients of the member or other persons as the custodian considers necessary (a) that the property of the member is in the custody of the custodian and that an examination of it indicates that the client or other person appears to have an interest in it, and (b) that the client or other person may apply to the custodian in person or by solicitor or agent for the delivery to the client or other person of the property in which the client or other person appears to have an interest or for leave to make copies of any documents or papers among the property, in respect of any transactions or dealings the client or other person had with the member that the client or other person thinks necessary to copy, subject to any solicitor’s lien of the member on or with respect to that property. (2) When the custodian is satisfied (a) that a person is entitled to any property in the custodian’s custody, and (b) that no solicitor’s lien is claimed on it or appears to exist or that any solicitor’s lien on it is satisfied, the custodian may deliver the property to the person claiming it. (3) When a member whose property has been placed in the custody of a custodian under section 95 claims to be entitled to a solicitor’s lien on or in respect of any part or parts of it, (a) the member shall, within 30 days from the service of the order on the member, file with the custodian notice of the member’s claim for lien with particulars of it, and (b) the custodian shall immediately give notice of the claim for lien to the apparent owner of the property against which the lien is claimed, and after the giving of the notice the rights of the parties shall be determined according to law. (4) If a member fails to file a claim for lien pursuant to this section, any lien that the member might otherwise be entitled to is extinguished, and the custodian is entitled to deliver any property to the claimant of it if the custodian is otherwise satisfied that it is proper to do so. (5) Notwithstanding anything in this section, the Court of King’s Bench may on an application determine the validity of any claim to a solicitor’s lien. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s96;2009 c53 s97;AR 217/2022 General Extension of time, etc. 97 (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Division, the Court of King’s Bench may at any time enlarge or shorten the time within which anything is required to be done under this Division or dispense with any of those requirements. (2) The Society may by an action in debt recover from a member costs and expenses incurred by the Society (a) in proceedings under this Division against the member, and (b) as remuneration paid to a custodian appointed to have custody of the property of the member and as reimbursement to the custodian for costs and expenses incurred by the custodian in connection with proceedings under this Division. RSA 2000 cL-8 s97;AR 217/2022 Part 5 Professional Liability Claims Definitions 98 In this Part, (a) “claim” means a claim made under the indemnity program; (b) “indemnity program” means the program referred to in section 99(1); (c) “subsidiary corporation” means a subsidiary corporation referred to in section 99(2)(b). 1990 cL‑9.1 s95 Payment of claims 99 (1) The Society shall, subject to and in accordance with this Part and the rules, establish and maintain a program respecting the payment of claims arising out of the performance of services by (a) a member in the member’s capacity as a barrister and solicitor, or (b) any other person for whose actions a member or former member is legally liable in the member’s or former member’s capacity as a barrister and solicitor.

(2) The Benchers may (a) authorize the Society to enter into any contract or arrangement or do anything else related to the establishment, maintenance or administration of the indemnity program; (b) authorize the incorporation or acquisition of a subsidiary corporation of the Society for any purpose related to the indemnity program. (3) Notwithstanding the Insurance Act , neither the Society nor a subsidiary corporation shall be held to be an insurer undertaking insurance or to be carrying on the business of an insurer by reason of doing anything related to the establishment, maintenance or administration of the indemnity program. 1990 cL‑9.1 s96 Funds for indemnity program 100 (1) All amounts consisting of assessments collected under this Part, of revenues received in the course of administering the indemnity program or of income received from the investment of those amounts shall be kept in one or more funds separate and apart from, and shall be accounted for separately from, other funds of the Society. (2) Except as otherwise provided by the rules or a resolution of the Benchers, all expenditures related to the establishment, maintenance and administration of the indemnity program shall be paid from the funds referred to in subsection (1). (3) The funds referred to in subsection (1) (a) may be invested in accordance with the directions of the Benchers, (b) shall be administered by the Benchers in a manner they consider proper, (c) are not subject to any trust, and (d) are not subject to seizure or attachment by any creditor of the Society. 1990 cL‑9.1 s97 Rules re assessment 101 The Benchers may make rules (a) respecting the levying on members of assessments, whether at a uniform rate for all members or at differing rates for different classes of members; (b) respecting the exemption of any class of members from the payment of assessments levied pursuant to clause (a) and the conditions on which any exemptions apply or on which they may be granted; (c) respecting the establishment, maintenance or administration of the indemnity program, including (i) the provision of coverage or exclusion from coverage under the indemnity program for members or former members or any class of member or former member, (ii) limits on the payment of indemnification in respect of claims or any class of claim, and (iii) amounts to be deducted from payments of indemnification in respect of claims or any class of claim; (d) respecting the filing, settling, administration or payment of claims under the indemnity program; (e) respecting the administration of the funds referred to in section 100(1) and of expenditures of those funds; (f) respecting the payment on behalf of a member or former member of the whole or part of deductible amounts under the indemnity program and recovery of the amounts paid from the member or former member, as the case may be; (g) respecting the imposition of penalties or other sanctions against members who fail to pay in accordance with the rules (i) any assessment levied under this Part, or (ii) any deductible amounts under the indemnity program; (h) respecting the rights and duties of members or former members in connection with claims or potential claims under the indemnity program; (i) respecting the powers, rights and duties of a subsidiary corporation under the indemnity program; (j) respecting the delegation to a subsidiary corporation of any powers, rights or duties of the Society or the Benchers under this Part or under the rules under this Part, other than the power to make rules; (k) directing that all or any part of the amount of any assessment levied pursuant to clause (a) be paid directly to a subsidiary corporation instead of to the Society and respecting the subsidiary corporation’s rights in respect of the amount transferred; (l) respecting transfers of assets from the funds held by the Society under section 100 to a subsidiary corporation or from a subsidiary corporation to the funds held by the Society under section 100. 1990 cL‑9.1 s98 Part 6 General Designation as barristers and solicitors 102 (1) Members of the Society shall be known and designated as barristers and solicitors. (2) Active members are officers of the Court of King’s Bench and all other courts of record in Alberta and have a right of audience in those courts. RSA 2000 cL-8 s102;AR 217/2022 Exemption from municipal business licence 103 No municipality has the power to require (a) any active member to obtain a licence from the municipality to practise law or to carry on the practice or profession of a barrister and solicitor, or (b) any student‑at‑law to obtain a licence from the municipality for or in connection with the performance of any acts or services authorized by this Act to be performed by a student‑at‑law. 1990 cL‑9.1 s100 Recovery of fees 104 A person may sue for fees for services performed by the person in the person’s capacity as an active member at any time after the services are performed. 1990 cL‑9.1 s101 Student-at-law as counsel 105 A student‑at‑law whose registration is not under suspension may act as counsel in proceedings before the Court of Appeal, the Court of King’s Bench or the Court of Justice, or before a judge of any of those courts, in the circumstances provided for in the rules and subject to any conditions prescribed by the rules. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s105;RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s51;AR 217/2022;AR 75/2023 Practice of law 106 (1) No person shall, unless the person is an active member of the Society, (a) practise as a barrister or as a solicitor, (b) act as a barrister or as a solicitor in any court of civil or criminal jurisdiction, (c) commence, carry on or defend any action or proceeding before a court or judge on behalf of any other person, or (d) settle or negotiate in any way for the settlement of any claim for loss or damage founded in tort. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the following: (a) a student‑at‑law in respect of anything permitted to be done by the student‑at‑law in the course of the student‑at‑law’s service under articles or under the rules made pursuant to section 105; (b) a person who holds an authorization granted under section 48 in respect of services provided within the scope of the authorization and in accordance with the rules under section 48, or a person who is deemed by the rules to hold an authorization under section 48 in respect of services provided in accordance with the rules; (c) a professional corporation in respect of services performed while it holds a permit under Part 8 that is not under suspension; (d) a person employed by an active member or professional corporation pursuant to a resolution of the Benchers under section 108 in respect of services provided by that person within the scope of that person’s employment and in accordance with the resolution; (e) a university law student in respect of services permitted to be provided by that student by the rules that are provided in accordance with the conditions prescribed by the rules; (f) a notary public in respect of services provided by the notary public in the exercise of powers conferred on the notary public by law; (g) a public officer in respect of any acts performed by the public officer within the scope of the public officer’s authority as a public officer; (h) a person who acts on the person’s own behalf in an action, matter or proceeding to which the person is a party; (i) a person in respect of the preparation by the person of a document for the person’s own use or to which the person is a party; (j) an officer or employee of a corporation, partnership or unincorporated body in respect of the preparation of a document for the use of the corporation, partnership or unincorporated body or to which it is a party; (k) a person licensed as an insurance adjuster under the Insurance Act in respect of services provided by the person as an insurance adjuster; (l) a person permitted by statute to appear as the agent of another person before a justice of the peace, the Court of Justice or a provincial judge in respect of services provided by that person as an agent; (m) a person holding professional legal qualifications obtained in a country outside Canada in respect of services permitted to be provided by that person in accordance with the rules in giving legal advice respecting the laws of that country. (3) Subsection (2)(l) does not include a person who is disbarred. RSA 2000 cL-8 s106;AR 75/2023 Misrepresentation as to professional status 107 (1) No person shall, unless the person is an active member of the Society, hold out or represent that the person is an active member of the Society, or a person lawfully entitled to practise law or to carry on the practice or profession of a barrister or solicitor. (2) No person shall, unless the person is a member of the Society, hold out or represent that the person is a member of the Society or a barrister and solicitor. (3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to a professional corporation. (4) A member whose membership is under suspension shall not hold out or represent that the member is a member in good standing or a member not under suspension. (5) No person shall, unless the person is registered under this Act as a student‑at‑law, hold out or represent that the person is a student‑at‑law or an articled law student or clerk. (6) A student‑at‑law whose registration is under suspension shall not hold out or represent that the student‑at‑law is a student‑at‑law in good standing or a student‑at‑law not under suspension. 1990 cL‑9.1 s104 Bencher ’ s authorization of employment 108 (1) No active member or professional corporation shall, except under the authority of a resolution of the Benchers, employ in connection with the member’s or corporation’s practice as a barrister and solicitor (a) a former member, (b) a member whose membership is under suspension, (c) a student‑at‑law whose registration is under suspension, or (d) a person who was entitled to practise as a member of the legal profession in a jurisdiction outside Alberta but whose right to do so has ceased or is under suspension. (2) A resolution under subsection (1) may be made subject to any conditions prescribed in it with respect to the nature of the employment or any other matter pertaining to the employment. 1990 cL‑9.1 s105 Penalties 109 (1) Every person and every officer, employee or agent of a corporation or firm who contravenes this Part is guilty of an offence and liable (a) for a first offence, to a fine of not more than $4000, (b) for a 2nd offence, to a fine of not more than $8000, and (c) for the 3rd and every subsequent offence, to a fine of not more than $12 000 or to a term of imprisonment of not more than 6 months or to both fine and imprisonment. (2) A prosecution under this section may be commenced within 2 years after the commission of the offence, but not afterwards. 1990 cL‑9.1 s106 Proof of offence 110 In a prosecution under this Part it is sufficient proof of an offence if it is proved that the accused committed a single act prohibited by this Part. 1990 cL‑9.1 s107 Injunction 111 If a person has contravened or is contravening any provision of this Part, the Court of King’s Bench, on application by the Society, may make an order restraining that person from contravening or continuing to contravene that provision, whether or not a conviction has been adjudged in respect of the contravention. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s111;2009 c53 s97;AR 217/2022 Solicitor and client privilege 112 (1) A member may not in any proceedings under Part 3 or 4 refuse to give evidence, answer inquiries or produce or make available any records or other property on the ground of solicitor and client privilege if the evidence, inquiry, records or other property is material to the proceedings. (2) If a member is required under subsection (1) to give evidence, answer inquiries or produce or make available any records or other property pursuant to subsection (1) and the member may claim solicitor and client privilege in respect of the evidence, answers, records or other property, the member or any other person who may claim the solicitor and client privilege may require that (a) all or part of any proceedings under Part 3 or 4 in which the evidence, answers, records or other property is dealt with be held in private, and (b) the public be refused access to the records and other property and to any other document containing the evidence or answers. (3) If the Court of King’s Bench or the Court of Appeal on an application or appeal under Part 3 or 4 considers it necessary to prevent the disclosure of evidence, answers, records or other property in respect of which solicitor and client privilege may be claimed, the court shall order that (a) all or any part of the proceedings before the court in which the evidence, answers, records or other property is dealt with be held in private, and (b) the public be refused access to the records or other property and to any other document containing the evidence or answers. RSA 2000 cL-8 s112;AR 217/2022 Executive Director ’ s certificate as evidence 113 A certificate purporting to be signed by the Executive Director and stating that a named person was or was not, on a specified day or during a specified period, (a) a member, an active member, an inactive member or a member whose membership was suspended, (b) a student‑at‑law or a student‑at‑law whose registration was under suspension, (c) the holder of an authorization granted under section 48, or (d) a Bencher or an officer or employee of the Society, shall be admitted in evidence as proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the facts stated in it without proof of the Executive Director’s appointment or signature. 1990 cL‑9.1 s110;2000 c15 s5(31),(32) Service of documents 114 If any provision of this Act or the rules requires or authorizes the serving, giving or furnishing of a notice or other document on or to any person, the notice or other document is sufficiently served, given or furnished (a) if it is served personally on that person, (b) if it is delivered in accordance with the rules at (i) the official address for service of that person according to the records of the Society, in the case of a member or student‑at‑law, or (ii) the last known address of that person according to the records of the Society, in any other case, or (c) if it is served, given or furnished by any method provided for in the rules, where the service, giving or furnishing of it cannot be effected by a method described in clause (a) or (b). 1990 cL‑9.1 s111 Protection from liability 115 (1) No action lies against (a) the Society or a person who is or was an officer, employee or agent of the Society, (b) a person who conducted an investigation under Part 3, (c) a person who is or was a Bencher or a member of a committee established by or under this Act, (d) a person who is or was a custodian appointed under Part 4, (e) a subsidiary corporation of the Society referred to in section 99(2)(b) or a person who is or was a director, officer or employee of that corporation, or (f) a person who acted on the instructions of, or under the supervision of, a person referred to in clauses (a) to (e), in respect of anything done by any of them in good faith pursuant to this Act, the rules or any direction of the Benchers. (2) No action for defamation may be founded on a communication regarding the conduct of a member or student‑at‑law if the communication is published to or by a person within any of the classes of person enumerated in subsection (1), in good faith and in the course of any proceedings under this Act or the rules relating to that conduct. (3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not operate to restrict or abrogate any immunity or protection that is otherwise provided by law to a person within any of the classes of person enumerated in subsection (1) or to any other person. (4) Notwithstanding any other Act or law, no person who is or was within any of the classes of person enumerated in subsection (1) shall be required in any proceedings, other than proceedings under this Act or the rules or a prosecution under this Part, to give evidence relating to any matter that arose in any proceedings under this Act or the rules, or to produce any record or thing adduced in evidence in proceedings under this Act or the rules or forming part of the records of the Society that relate to the conduct of a member or student‑at‑law. 1990 cL‑9.1 s112 Fees, etc., belong to Society 116 All fees, assessments, penalties, costs or other amounts payable under this Act or the rules, except fines payable under section 109 or 137, are the property of the Society. 1990 cL‑9.1 s113 Unattributed trust money 117 (1) If money has been held by a member in the member’s capacity as a barrister and solicitor in a trust account or separate account referred to in section 126 for a period of not less than 2 years and either (a) the member has been unable during that period to locate the person entitled to the money after reasonable efforts to do so, or (b) in the case of trust money in the member’s trust account, the member is unable to attribute the money to any particular client or other person, the member may apply to the Executive Director for permission to pay the money to the Society. (2) On an application under subsection (1), the Executive Director shall have regard to (a) the nature of the trust and the circumstances in which it arose, and (b) in the case of an application based on circumstances described in subsection (1)(a), whether the member has made reasonable efforts to locate the person entitled to the money and whether there is any reasonable prospect that the person can be located. (3) If permission is given under subsection (1) and the money is paid by the member to the Society, the trust liability of the member with respect to that money is extinguished. (4) Money received by the Society under this section (a) shall be kept and accounted for in a fund separate from other funds of the Society, (b) may be invested in accordance with the directions of the Benchers, (c) shall be administered by the Benchers in accordance with this section and the rules, and (d) is not subject to seizure or attachment by any creditor of the Society other than a person to whom the Society is liable under subsection (5). (5) A person or the person’s legal representative who but for subsections (1) to (4) could have claimed the money from a member may, in accordance with the rules, claim the money from the Society, and if the claim is approved pursuant to the rules, the Society shall pay the money to the claimant. (6) A claimant is not entitled to interest on money while it is held by the Society under this section unless the committee adjudicating the claim directs otherwise and then only to the extent approved by the committee. (7) If the Society pays money to a claimant under subsection (5), the Society is entitled to transfer to its general revenue account for its own use the amount by which the estimated income of the fund under this section that is attributable to the principal amount paid to the claimant exceeds the amount of any interest that is paid to the claimant under subsection (6). (8) If a claim against the Society under this section is refused in whole or in part, the claimant may in accordance with the rules appeal the refusal to the Court of King’s Bench, and the Court may, where it allows an appeal, direct the Society to pay the claimant all or part of the money claimed. (9) A claim against the Society under this section is not enforceable 5 years after the money was received by the Society unless the claimant makes the claim within the 5‑year period. (10) Following the 5‑year period referred to in subsection (9), the Society shall pay to the Alberta Law Foundation the aggregate of (a) the principal amount of the money held by it under this section during that period, and (b) the amount by which the estimated income of the fund attributable to the principal amount exceeds the administration fee determined in accordance with the rules. (11) The Society may transfer the administration fee referred to in subsection (10) to its general revenue account for its own use. (12) The Benchers may make rules respecting (a) applications to the Executive Director under subsection (1); (b) the investigation of claims under this section; (c) the adjudication of claims under this section by a committee established by or under this Act; (d) appeals under subsection (8); (e) the determination of administration fees for the purpose of subsection (10). (13) The Benchers shall, not later than March 31 in each year, (a) cause a report to be prepared with respect to the administration of the fund under this section during the preceding year, the administration fees referred to in subsection (10), the claims and the disposition of claims during the preceding year and the payments to the Alberta Law Foundation during the preceding year, and (b) cause a copy of the report to be delivered to the Minister and to the Alberta Law Foundation. RSA 2000 cL-8 s117;AR 217/2022 Part 7 Alberta Law Foundation Alberta Law Foundation 118 The Alberta Law Foundation, in this Part called the “Foundation”, is continued as a corporation consisting of the members of its board of directors. 1990 cL‑9.1 s115;1991 c21 s19 Objects 119 The objects of the Foundation are (a) to receive money and property and to maintain and manage a fund, the interest and capital of which is to be used from time to time as the board of directors of the Foundation sees fit for (i) conducting research into and recommending reform of law and the administration of justice; (ii) establishing, maintaining and operating law libraries; (iii) contributing to the legal education and knowledge of the people of Alberta and providing programs and facilities for those purposes; (iv) providing assistance to native people’s legal programs, student legal aid programs and programs of like nature; (v) contributing to the costs incurred by the Legal Aid Society of Alberta to administer a plan to provide legal aid under an agreement under section 4; (b) to do all other things that are, in the opinion of the directors, incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects enumerated in clause (a). RSA 2000 cL‑8 s119;RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s75 Board of directors 120 (1) The affairs of the Foundation shall be conducted by a board of directors composed of (a) the Minister or a person designated by the Minister to act in the Minister’s absence; (b) 2 persons appointed by the Minister who are not members of the Society; (c) 2 persons appointed by the Benchers of whom (i) one shall be a Bencher, and (ii) one shall be a member of the Society who is not a Bencher; (d) subject to subsection (1.1), 2 persons, one of whom is a member of the Society and one of whom is not a member of the Society, appointed by the other directors of the Foundation. (1.1) Notwithstanding subsection (1)(d), the bylaws may establish who may appoint the 2 persons referred to in subsection (1)(d). (2) The terms of office of the directors of the Foundation are as follows: (a) a member of the Society appointed as a director holds office as a director until the first meeting of the Benchers in the year following the next regular election of Benchers held after that member’s appointment; (b) any other person appointed as a director holds office as a director for 2 years from the date of that person’s appointment. (3) The Minister shall, by order, designate one director as chair. (4) A quorum of the board consists of 4 directors. (5) The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy on the board. (6) No act done by the authority of the board is invalid in consequence of any defect that is afterwards discovered in the appointment of the directors. (7) An appointed director may resign from office on giving one month’s notice in writing to the board of the director’s intention to do so, and the director’s resignation takes effect on the expiration of the notice or on its earlier acceptance by the board. (8) The office of a director shall be vacated if the director ceases to hold the qualifications necessary for the director’s appointment. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s120;2025 c22 s6(21) Board bylaws 121 (1) The board must make bylaws respecting the general conduct, operation, management and financial administration of the Foundation. (2) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the board must make bylaws regarding (a) the number and designation of officers of the Foundation; (b) the appointment of and terms of office of officers of the Foundation and all matters relating to their offices; (c) the resignation or removal from office of officers of the Foundation; (d) the number and designations of employees of the Foundation other than officers, and their terms and conditions of employment; (e) the remuneration, if any, of officers and employees of the Foundation; (f) the operation of the Law Foundation Account; (g) the calling of meetings of the board and the conduct of business at them; (h) the duties and conduct of the directors; (i) who may appoint the 2 persons referred to in section 120(1)(d). (3) The board must make bylaws respecting matters prescribed by the regulations. (4) Before making a bylaw, the board must provide a copy of the proposed bylaw to the Minister for approval. (5) The board may only make a bylaw if the Minister has approved the bylaw. (6) A bylaw may come into effect on the date it is approved by the Minister unless otherwise specified by the Minister. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s121;2025 c22 s6(22) Minister bylaw‑making powers 121.1 (1) Subject to the regulations, the Minister may issue an order making bylaws for the Foundation respecting (a) the general conduct, operation, management and financial administration of the Foundation, including the matters referred to in section 121(2), and (b) a matter the board is required to make bylaws about under section 121(3). (2) The Minister may issue an order making bylaws under subsection (1) regardless of whether the board has made bylaws under section 121. (3) Subject to the regulations, the Minister may issue an order amending or repealing a bylaw made by the board. (4) A bylaw made by the Minister under subsection (1) and the amendment or repeal of a bylaw under subsection (3) (a) is binding on the Foundation and its board, (b) is effective immediately unless otherwise specified by the Minister, and (c) prevails to the extent of any inconsistency or conflict with bylaws made by the board. (5) The board cannot (a) amend or repeal a bylaw made by the Minister or an amendment to a bylaw made by the Minister, or (b) make a bylaw that is the same or substantially the same as a bylaw the Minister has repealed. 2025 c22 s6(23) Directives 121.2 (1) Subject to the regulations, the Minister may, by order, issue directives that must be followed by the Foundation, the board or both in carrying out their powers and duties under this Act. (2) A directive (a) is effective immediately unless otherwise specified by the Minister, and (b) prevails to the extent of any inconsistency or conflict with bylaws made by the board. (3) The board shall ensure that a directive issued to or required to be followed by the board, and the Foundation shall ensure that a directive issued to or required to be followed by the Foundation, is implemented in a prompt and efficient manner. 2025 c22 s6(23) Regulations 121.3 The Minister may make regulations (a) prescribing matters in respect of which the board must make bylaws; (b) establishing requirements for how the board must address a matter in the bylaws; (c) establishing procedures for the Minister to make, amend or repeal bylaws; (d) establishing procedures for the Minister to issue directives. 2025 c22 s6(23) Application of funds 122 (0.1) In this section, “funding commitment” includes a gift. (1) Subject to section 123, the board shall, in carrying out the objects of the Foundation, apply and cause to be applied the funds of the Foundation as follows: (a) in the case of a funding commitment or grant agreement that exceeds $250 000, either (i) with the Minister’s approval, or (ii) in accordance with an order under subsection (1.1); (b) in any other case, in any manner the board may decide. (1.1) The Minister may, by order, exempt the Foundation from the requirement for approval under subsection (1)(a)(i) in respect of the following: (a) a specific funding commitment or grant agreement; (b) a class of funding commitments or grant agreements; (c) a class of recipients of a funding commitment or grant agreement. (2) The funds of the Foundation shall consist of all sums paid to the Foundation pursuant to section 126, interest accruing from investment of the funds of the Foundation and any other money received by the Foundation. (3) There shall be paid out of the funds of the Foundation the costs, charges and expenses involved in the administration of the Foundation and the costs, charges and expenses incurred by the board in carrying out the objects of the Foundation. (4) The directors may be paid remuneration for their services from money voted by the Legislature for the purpose at a rate prescribed by the Minister, and in addition the directors are entitled to be paid out of the funds of the Foundation their reasonable travelling and living expenses while away from their ordinary places of residence in the course of their duties as directors. (5) No part of the income of the Foundation may be payable to or otherwise available for the personal benefit of any director or the Society, but the Foundation may employ and remunerate members of the Society in order to attain the objects of the Foundation. (6) All money of the Foundation shall, pending investment or application in accordance with this section, be paid into a bank, credit union, trust corporation or treasury branch in Alberta to the credit of a separate account to be called the “Law Foundation Account”, and that account shall be used for the objects of the Foundation. (7) When investing funds that are not immediately required by the Foundation, the Foundation must adhere to prudent investment standards in making investment decisions and in managing the Foundation’s total investments. (7.1) For the purpose of this section, prudent investment standards are those that, in the overall context of an investment portfolio, a reasonable and prudent person would apply to investments made on behalf of another person with whom there exists a fiduciary relationship to make such investments, without undue risk of loss and with a reasonable expectation of fair return or appreciation. (7.2) The board must establish policies and procedures to ensure that the Foundation applies prudent investment standards in making investment decisions and in managing the Foundation’s total investments. (7.3) The board must review the procedures established under subsection (7.2) at least once each year. (8) The accounts of the Foundation shall be audited annually by a qualified accountant or firm of qualified accountants appointed for the purpose by the board. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s122;2007 c36 s2;2025 c9 s7 Application of funds — Legal Aid 123 (1) Not more than 6 months after the beginning of each fiscal year of the Foundation, the Foundation shall pay to the Legal Aid Society of Alberta to administer a plan to provide legal aid under an agreement under section 4 an amount to be used to defray the cost of providing legal aid under that agreement. (2) The amount payable under subsection (1) is as follows: (a) unless otherwise determined by the Minister under clause (b), 50% of the money remitted to the Foundation under section 126 during the fiscal year of the Foundation that immediately precedes the fiscal year in which the payment is required to be made; (b) subject to subsection (2.1), an amount less than 50% of the money referred to in clause (a) as determined by the Minister. (2.1) If the Minister makes a determination under subsection (2)(b), the Minister must, as soon as practicable, provide written notice to the Foundation of that determination. (3) The Foundation may make payments to the Legal Aid Society of Alberta during a fiscal year in addition to the payment referred to in subsection (1). (4) The Legal Aid Society of Alberta shall give the Foundation a detailed audited statement of its accounts and financial transactions for a fiscal year not more than 4 months after the end of the fiscal year. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s123;RSA 2000 c16(Supp) s75;2025 c9 s7 Transitional 123.1 (1) By no later than 15 days after the coming into force of this section, the Foundation shall pay to the Legal Aid Society of Alberta, to administer a plan to provide legal aid under an agreement under section 4, the amount of $30 478 295 from the money remitted to the Foundation under section 126, to be used to defray the cost of providing legal aid under that agreement. (2) The payment required under subsection (1), together with the $36 268 446.60 paid by the Foundation to the Legal Aid Society of Alberta on September 29, 2025, is deemed to fulfil the Foundation’s obligation under section 123 to pay to the Legal Aid Society of Alberta money remitted to the Foundation under section 126 during the 2024‑25 fiscal year of the Foundation. 2025 c22 s6(24) Annual report 124 (1) After the end of each year, the Foundation shall prepare and submit to the Minister a report consisting of (a) a general summary of its transactions and affairs during that year, its revenues and the application of its expenditures during that year, (b) an audited balance sheet of its accounts and financial transactions during that year, and (c) any other information the Minister may require. (2) On receiving a report under subsection (1), the Minister shall lay a copy of it before the Legislative Assembly if it is then sitting, and if it is not then sitting, within 15 days after the commencement of the next sitting. 1990 cL‑9.1 s120;1994 cG‑8.5 s89 Borrowing 125 The Foundation may borrow or raise or secure the payment of money on the credit of the Foundation from time to time as the board of directors thinks fit to fulfil the objects of the Foundation and may for that purpose issue notes, bonds, debentures, debenture stock or other evidences of indebtedness. 1990 cL‑9.1 s121 Trust accounts 126 (1) Subject to the rules, every active member shall maintain an interest‑bearing trust account in an approved depository that is a branch in Alberta of a bank, credit union, trust corporation, loan corporation or treasury branch into which the member shall deposit money entrusted to or received or held by the member for or on account of the member’s clients or other persons in the member’s capacity as a barrister and solicitor, and the member shall instruct the bank, credit union, trust corporation, loan corporation or treasury branch to remit the interest earned on the account to the Foundation semi‑annually in each year, and that interest becomes the property of the Foundation. (2) A member is not liable by virtue of the relation between the member and the member’s client to account to any client for interest earned on money deposited in a bank, credit union, trust corporation, loan corporation or treasury branch pursuant to subsection (1). (3) Nothing in this Part affects any arrangement made between a member and the member’s client to deposit money received from or on behalf of the client or to which the client is entitled in a separate interest‑bearing account in an approved depository for the client, or to purchase a Province of Alberta or Government of Canada Treasury Bill for the client, the interest on which is to be the property of the client. (4) Subsections (1) to (3) apply to professional corporations and to law firms. 1990 cL‑9.1 s122;1991 cL‑26.5 s335(28);2000 c15 s5(29) Dissolution of Foundation 127 On the dissolution of the Foundation, the net assets of the Foundation then remaining shall be paid to the Government to be used for whatever charitable purposes the Government determines. 1990 cL‑9.1 s123 Protection from liability 128 No action lies against the Foundation or any person who is or was a director or officer of the Foundation in respect of anything done by any of them in good faith pursuant to this or any other Act. 1990 cL‑9.1 s124 Part 8 Professional Corporations Definitions 129 In this Part, (a) “permit” means a permit issued pursuant to section 131(3); (b) “voting shareholder” means a person holding one or more voting shares of a professional corporation. 1990 cL‑9.1 s125 Rules by Benchers 130 The Benchers may make rules (a) prescribing the manner of proof as to matters required to be proven by applicants for permits; (b) fixing the fees payable to the Society for the issuance of permits and the fees payable annually by professional corporations; (c) respecting (i) the imposition of a pecuniary penalty on a professional corporation, (ii) the suspension of the permit of a professional corporation, without notice or investigation, or (iii) the suspension of membership of a member who is the sole voting shareholder of a professional corporation, without notice or investigation, if a professional corporation has contravened a rule requiring the corporation to pay a fee or assessment, file a document or do any other act by a specified or ascertainable time; (d) respecting the reinstatement or reissuance of a permit that has been revoked, and respecting the conditions on which the reinstatement or reissuance may be granted; (e) respecting the termination of the suspension of a permit or of the suspension of the membership of a member pursuant to rules under clause (c), and respecting the conditions on which any termination may be granted; (f) providing for the creation and maintenance of a register of professional corporations and requiring the filing of periodic returns by those corporations; (g) providing for the annual renewal of permits and prescribing the terms and conditions on which renewals may be granted; (h) prescribing the types of name by which (i) a professional corporation, (ii) a partnership of 2 or more professional corporations, or (iii) a partnership of one or more professional corporations and one or more individual barristers and solicitors, may be known. 1990 cL‑9.1 s126 Permit 131 (1) Subject to this Act, a professional corporation may carry on the practice of a barrister and solicitor in its own name. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), no corporation shall be enrolled as a member of the Society. (3) The Executive Director shall issue a permit to any corporation that fulfils the following conditions: (a) files an application in the form prescribed by the Benchers; (b) pays the fees prescribed by the rules; (c) satisfies the Executive Director that it is a corporation incorporated or continued under the Business Corporations Act and in good standing with the Registrar of Corporations under that Act; (d) satisfies the Executive Director that the name of the corporation is in accordance with the rules of the Society and contains the words “Professional Corporation”; (e) satisfies the Executive Director that the legal and beneficial ownership of all issued voting shares of the corporation is vested in one or more active members of the Society and that all of the directors of the corporation are active members of the Society; (f) satisfies the Executive Director that the legal and beneficial ownership of all the issued non‑voting shares of the corporation is vested in one or more of the following persons: (i) one or more active members who are also voting shareholders; (ii) in respect of any active member who is also a voting shareholder, one or more of the following persons: (A) the spouse of the active member; (B) the common‑law partner of the active member; (C) a child of the active member; (D) a trust, all of the beneficiaries of which are minor children of the active member; (g) satisfies the Executive Director that the persons who will carry on the practice of a barrister and solicitor on behalf of the corporation are active members of the Society. (4) A permit issued under subsection (3) expires on December 31 of the year for which it is issued. (5) A permit issued under subsection (3) may be revoked or its renewal may be withheld by the Executive Director if any of the conditions specified in subsection (3) no longer continue to exist. (6) For the purpose of subsection (3)(g), the practice of a barrister and solicitor is not deemed to be carried on by clerks, secretaries, bookkeepers and other assistants employed by the corporation to perform services that are not usually and ordinarily considered by law, custom and practice to be services that may be performed only by an active member of the Society, nor is the practice of a barrister and solicitor deemed to be carried on by students‑at‑law employed by the corporation to do anything in the course of their duties as students‑at‑law if it is done under the direction or supervision of an active member of the Society. (7) For the purposes of subsection (3)(f)(ii) and section 132(1), (a) “child”, with respect to an active member, includes (i) a person of whom the active member is the legal parent, (ii) a person who is wholly dependent on the active member for support and of whom the active member has, or immediately before the person attained the age of 19 years had, in law or in fact, the custody and control, and (iii) a child of the active member’s spouse or common‑law partner; (b) “common-law partner”, with respect to an active member at any time, means a person who cohabits in a conjugal relationship with the active member at that time and (i) has so cohabited with the active member for a continuous period of at least one year, or (ii) would be the parent of a child of whom the active member is a parent if this clause were read without reference to clause (a)(iii), and, for the purposes of this clause, where at any time the active member and the person cohabit in a conjugal relationship, they are, at any particular time after that time, deemed to be cohabiting in a conjugal relationship unless they were not cohabiting at the particular time for a period of at least 90 days that includes the particular time because of a breakdown of their conjugal relationship. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s131;2009 c51 s2 Termination of permit 132 (1) If a professional corporation ceases to fulfil any condition specified in section 131(3) (a) only because of the death or loss of active membership in the Society of a voting shareholder of the corporation, (b) only because (i) of the death of a non‑voting shareholder of the corporation or the death of a minor child who is a beneficiary of a trust referred to in section 131(3)(f)(ii)(D), or (ii) a former spouse or former common‑law partner of an active member who is a voting shareholder continues to own non‑voting shares after their divorce or the breakdown of their common‑law relationship, or (c) only because a child who is a beneficiary of a trust referred to in section 131(3)(f)(ii)(D) attains the age of 18 years, the professional corporation has a period of 90 days from the date of the death, loss of active membership, divorce, breakdown of the common-law relationship or a beneficiary of a trust attaining the age of 18 years, as the case may be, in which to fulfil the condition, failing which the permit is automatically terminated effective on the expiration of the 90‑day period without the necessity of an order of the Benchers. (2) In the event of the death of a voting shareholder of the corporation or the occurrence of an event or circumstance described in subsection (1)(b), the Benchers may in writing order that the 90‑day period provided for in subsection (1) be extended for a further period that it considers reasonable. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s132;2009 c51 s2 Liability of shareholders and employees 133 (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Business Corporations Act , every person who is a voting shareholder of a corporation during the time that it is the holder of a permit or of a corporation during the time that it acts in contravention of section 106(1) is liable to the same extent and in the same manner as if the voting shareholders of the corporation were during that time carrying on the business of the corporation as a partnership or, if there is only one voting shareholder, as an individual practising as a barrister and solicitor. (2) The liability of any person in carrying on the practice of a barrister and solicitor is not affected by the fact that the practice of a barrister and solicitor is carried on by that person as an employee and on behalf of a professional corporation. 1990 cL‑9.1 s129 Voting agreements with non-members prohibited 134 No voting shareholder of a professional corporation shall enter into a voting trust agreement, proxy or any other type of agreement vesting in another person who is not an active member of the Society the authority to exercise the voting rights attached to any or all of the shareholder’s shares. RSA 2000 cL‑8 s134;2009 c51 s2 Application of Act and rules 135 The relationship of a member of the Society or of a student‑at‑law to a professional corporation, whether as shareholder, director, officer or employee, does not affect, modify or diminish the application to the member or student‑at‑law of the provisions of this Act and the rules. 1990 cL‑9.1 s131 Preservation of solicitor-client relationships 136 (1) Nothing in section 131 affects, modifies or limits any law applicable to the fiduciary, confidential or ethical relationships between a barrister and solicitor and a person receiving the professional services of a barrister and solicitor. (2) The relationship between a professional corporation carrying on the practice of a barrister and solicitor and a person receiving the professional services of the corporation is subject to all applicable law relating to the fiduciary, confidential and ethical relationships between a barrister and solicitor and a client of the barrister and solicitor. (3) All rights and obligations pertaining to communications made to or information received by a barrister and solicitor, or the advice of the barrister and solicitor on such communications or information, apply to the shareholders, directors, officers and employees of a professional corporation. 1990 cL‑9.1 s132 Use of title 137 (1) No person shall engage in practice as a barrister and solicitor under any name containing “Professional Corporation” or the abbreviation “P.C.” unless that person is incorporated or continued as a corporation under the Business Corporations Act and the corporation is the holder of a permit not under suspension. (2) A person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding $1000 for every day on which the prohibited name or abbreviation is used. 1990 cL‑9.1 s133 Effect of discipline 138 (1) If a member is disbarred and the member is the sole voting shareholder of a professional corporation, the permit of the professional corporation is revoked by that disbarment. (2) If the membership of a member is suspended and the member is the sole voting shareholder of a professional corporation, the permit of the professional corporation is suspended for the same period for which the membership is suspended.

1990 cL‑9.1 s134 Assurance Fund and custodian provisions 139 (1) Section 89 applies to claims related to misappropriation or wrongful conversion by a member of the Society of money or other property entrusted to or received by any professional corporation of which that member is a shareholder, director, officer or employee in its capacity as a barrister and solicitor in Alberta in the course of its practice in Alberta. (2) An order that may be made by the Court of King’s Bench in the case of a member under section 95(1) may, in the case of a professional corporation, be made in any of the following cases: (a) when the permit of the corporation has been revoked or suspended under section 138; (b) when the conduct of a voting shareholder is the subject of proceedings under Part 3 and there is reason to believe that the conduct involves the misappropriation or wrongful conversion of money or other property entrusted to or received by the professional corporation; (c) when a voting shareholder of the corporation has died or become mentally incapacitated; (d) when for any reason the corporation is unable to practise as a barrister and solicitor; (e) when a voting shareholder of the corporation has absconded or is otherwise improperly absent from the corporation’s place of business, or the corporation has neglected its practice for an unduly extended period; (f) when there is reason to believe that the trust money held by the corporation is not sufficient to meet its trust liabilities; (g) when other sufficient grounds exist. (3) Subject to subsection (2), Division 2 of Part 4, except section 95(1), applies to a professional corporation or former professional corporation and for that purpose references to a member in Division 2 of Part 4, except section 95(1), shall be read as references to a professional corporation. RSA 2000 cL-8 s139;AR 217/2022 Exemption from municipal business licence 140 No municipality has the power to require any professional corporation to obtain a licence from the municipality to practise law or to carry on the practice or profession of a barrister and solicitor. 1990 cL‑9.1 s136 Right to sue 141 A corporation may sue to recover fees for the provision of any services provided by it in the course of carrying on the practice of a barrister and solicitor if those services were performed during a period when the corporation was the holder of a permit that was not under suspension. 1990 cL‑9.1 s137 Evidence 142 A certificate purporting to be signed by the Executive Director and stating that a named corporation was or was not, on a specified day or during a specified period, (a) a professional corporation, or (b) a professional corporation whose permit was under suspension, shall be admitted in evidence as proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the facts stated in the certificate without proof of the Executive Director’s appointment or signature. 1990 cL‑9.1 s138;2000 c15 s5(31),(32) Interpretation 143 In any provision of an Act of the Legislature or any regulation, rule, order or bylaw made under an Act of the Legislature enacted or made before, at or after the commencement of this section, a reference to a person authorized to carry on the practice of law, whether referred to as a member of The Law Society of Alberta, a barrister and solicitor or otherwise, is to be read as including a professional corporation unless otherwise expressly provided. 1990 cL‑9.1 s139 Part 9 Transitional Transitional 144 (1) A person who is admitted to The Law Society of Alberta as a student‑at‑law and who is serving under articles of clerkship immediately before this section comes into force is deemed to be registered with The Law Society of Alberta as a student‑at‑law under this Act. (2) Proceedings commenced under Part 3 of the Legal Profession Act , RSA 1980 cL‑9, before the coming into force of this Act shall be continued under that Part as though this Act had not been enacted. (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), proceedings regarding a member’s conduct are deemed to have been commenced under Part 3 of the Legal Profession Act , RSA 1980 cL‑9, before the coming into force of this Act if the matter regarding the member’s conduct had been brought to the attention of the chair or a member of the Discipline Committee or the Competence Committee before the coming into force of this Act. (4) If a person was found guilty of conduct deserving of sanction or of conduct unbecoming a barrister or solicitor under a predecessor of this Act, the person is deemed to have been found guilty of conduct deserving of sanction under this Act. (5) On the coming into force of section 100, (a) the assets of the Professional Liability Claims Fund become funds of The Law Society of Alberta under section 100, and (b) the liabilities of the Professional Liability Claims Fund are chargeable against the funds of The Law Society of Alberta under section 100. 1990 cL‑9.1 s140;1991 c21 s19 Transitional — application of funds 145 If, during the period between the day on which the Bill to enact the Financial Statutes Amendment Act, 2025 receives first reading and before the day on which the Bill receives Royal Assent, the Foundation makes a funding commitment or enters into a grant agreement that contravenes section 122(1)(a)(i), that funding commitment or grant agreement is to be treated as void and of no force and effect as of the day it was made or entered into. 2025 c9 s7