SNL1998 CHAPTER P-7.1 - PERSONAL PROPERTY SECURITY ACT

SNL1998 CHAPTER P-7.1 PERSONAL PROPERTY SECURITY ACT Amended: 1999 c22 s19; 2007 cS-13.01 s110; 2019 c8 s25; 2020 c15 CHAPTER P-7.1 AN ACT RESPECTING SECURITY INTERESTS IN PERSONAL PROPERTY (Assented to December 15, 1998) Analysis 1. Short title PART I INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION 2. Interpretation 3. Interpretation 4. Application of this Act 5. Application of this Act 6. Conflict of laws 7. Conflict of laws: goods to be removed from the jurisdiction 8. Conflict of laws 8.1 Conflict of laws, validity of security interest in investment property 8.2 Law of jurisdiction 9. Procedural and substantive issues PART II VALIDITY OF SECURITY AGREEMENT AND RIGHTS OF PARTIES 10. Effectiveness of security agreement 11. Enforceability of security interest 12. Debtor's right to a copy of the security agreement 13. Attachment required to enforce security interest 13.1 Securities attachment 14. Security in after-acquired property 15. Future advances 16. Application of sale of goods law 17. Acceleration clauses 18. Secured party 18.1 Rights of secured party with control of investment property as collateral 19. Obtaining information PART III PERFECTION AND PRIORITIES 20. Perfected security interest 20.1 Securities account 20.2 Perfection on attachment 21. Unperfected security interests 22. Damages recoverable by lessor or consignor 23. Grace period for perfection 24. Continuity of perfection 25. Perfection by possession 25.1 Perfection by control of collateral 26. Perfection by registration 27. Temporary perfection 28. Perfection where goods held by a bailee 29. Security interests in proceeds 30. Perfection and priority with respect to returned, seized or repossessed goods 31. Priority of buyers and lessees of goods 31.1 Priority re: investment property 32. Priority of holders 32.1 Rights under Security Transfer Act 33. Priority of repairer's lien 34. Alienability of debtor's rights in collateral 35. Priority of purchase money security interest 36. Residual general priority rules 36.1 Priority among conflicting security interests 37. Security interests in fixtures 38. Security interests in crops 39. Security interest in accessions 40. Security interests 41. Voluntary subordination 42. Assignments of intangibles PART IV REGISTRATION 43. Personal property registry 44. Registration of financing statements 45. Duration, renewal of and amendments to registrations 46. Registration of transfers and subordinations 47. Removal of data from the registry 48. Registration not constructive notice 49. Registry searches 50. Fixtures and crops 51. Compulsory discharge 52. Transfer of debtor's interest 53. Recovery of loss 54. Recovery of loss 55. Payment of claim for loss PART V DEFAULT RIGHTS AND REMEDIES 56. Application of Part V 57. Determination of rights 58. Right to collect on intangibles 59. Right to take possession 60. Right to dispose of collateral 61. Surplus or deficiency after disposition 62. Right to retain collateral 63. Redemption of collateral agreement 64. Supervisory powers of the court 65. Receiverships PART VI GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS 66. Supplementary law 67. Action for damages 68. Application to court 69. Appeal 70. Service of notice 71. Conflicts between legislation 72. Regulations PART VII TRANSITIONAL, ETC . 73. Transitional 74. Transitional application of PPSA 75. Transitional perfection of prior security interests 75.1 Transition re: Securities Transfer Act 76. Order of priorities 77. RSN1990 cC-34 Amdt. 78. RSN1990 cE-16 Amdt. 79. RSN1990 cF-2 Amdt. 80. RSN1990 cI-7 Amdt. 81. SN1996 cJ-1.1 Amdt. 82. RSN1990 cR-10 Amdt. 83. RSN1990 cS-6 Amdt. 84. RSN1990 cW-2 Amdt. 85. Acts repealed 86. Commencement Be it enacted by the Lieutenant-Governor and House of Assembly in Legislative Session convened, as follows: Short title 1. This Act may be cited as the Personal Property Security Act . 1998 cP-7.1 s1 PART I INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION Back to Top Interpretation 2. (1) In this Act (a) "accession" means goods that are installed in or affixed to other goods; (b) "account" means a monetary obligation not evidenced by chattel paper, a security or an instrument, whether or not the obligation has been earned by performance, but does not include investment property; (c) "advance" means the payment of money, the provision of credit or the giving of value and includes liability of the debtor to pay interest, credit costs and other charges payable by the debtor in connection with an advance or the enforcement of a security interest securing the advance; (c.1) "broker" means a broker as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (d) "building" means a structure, erection, mine or work built, constructed or opened on or in land; (e) "building materials" means materials that are incorporated into a building and includes goods attached to a building so that their removal (i) would necessarily involve the dislocation or destruction of some other part of the building and cause substantial damage to the building, apart from the loss of value of the building resulting from the removal, or (ii) would result in weakening the structure of the building or exposing the building to weather damage or deterioration, but does not include (iii) heating, air conditioning or conveyancing devices, or (iv) machinery installed in a building or on land for use in carrying on an activity in the building or on the land; (e.1) "certificated security" means a certificated security as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (f) "chattel paper" means one or more writings that evidence both a monetary obligation and a security interest in, or a lease of, specific goods or specific goods and accessions; (f.1) "clearing house" means an organization through which trades in options or standardized futures are cleared and settled; (f.2) "clearing house option" means an option, other than an option on futures, issued by a clearing house to its participants; (g) "collateral" means personal property that is subject to a security interest; (h) "commercial consignment" means a consignment under which goods are delivered for sale, lease or other disposition to a consignee who, in the ordinary course of the consignee's business deals in goods of that description, by a consignor who, (i) in the ordinary course of the consignor's business, deals in goods of that description, and (ii) reserves an interest in the goods after they have been delivered, but does not include an agreement under which goods are delivered (iii) to an auctioneer for sale, or (iv) to a consignee for sale, lease or other disposition where the consignee is generally known to the creditors of the consignee to be selling or leasing goods of others; (i) "consumer goods" means goods that are used or acquired for use primarily for personal, family or household purposes; (j) "court" means the Trial Division; (k) "creditor" includes an assignee for the benefit of creditors, an executor, an administrator or a committee of a creditor; (l) "crops" means crops, whether or not matured, and whether naturally grown or planted, attached to land by roots or forming part of trees or plants attached to land, and includes trees only if they (i) are being grown as nursery stock, (ii) are being grown for uses other than for the production of lumber and wood products, or (iii) are intended to be replanted in another location for the purpose of reforestation; (m) "debtor" means (i) a person who owes payment or performance of an obligation secured, whether or not that person owns or has rights in the collateral, (ii) a person who receives goods from another person under a commercial consignment, (iii) a lessee under a lease for a term of more than one year, (iv) a transferor of an account or chattel paper, (v) a seller under a sale of goods without a change of possession, (vi) in sections 18, 25, 27 and 59, subsections 60(15) and 62(8) and 67, the transferee of a debtor's interest in the collateral, and (vii) where the person referred to in subparagraph (i) and the owner of the collateral are not the same person, (A) where the word "debtor" is used in a provision dealing with the collateral, an owner of the collateral, (B) where the word "debtor" is used in a provision dealing with the obligation, the obligor, and (C) where the context permits, both the owner and the obligor; (n) "default" means (i) the failure to pay or otherwise perform the obligation secured when due, or (ii) the occurrence of an event or set of circumstances whereupon, under the terms of the security agreement, the security interest becomes enforceable; (o) "document of title" means a writing issued by or addressed to a bailee (i) that covers goods in the bailee's possession that are identified or are fungible portions of an identified mass, and (ii) in which it is stated that the goods covered by it shall be delivered to a named person, or to the transferee of that person, or to bearer or to the order of a named person; (o.1) "entitlement holder" means an entitlement holder as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (o.2) "entitlement order" means an entitlement order as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (p) "equipment" means goods that are held by a debtor other than as inventory or consumer goods; (p.1) "financial asset" means a financial asset as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (q) "financing change statement" means the data authorized by the regulations to be entered in the registry to renew, discharge or otherwise amend a financing statement; (r) "financing statement" means the data authorized by the regulations to be entered in the registry to effect a registration for the purpose of perfecting a security interest in collateral under this Act and, where the context permits, includes (i) a financing change statement, and (ii) a security agreement registered under the Assignment of Book Debts Act, the Bills of Sale Act, the Conditional Sales Act or the Registration of Deeds Act before the commencement of this Act, together with any writing that was registered with the agreement or registered to rectify, amend or renew the agreement; (s) "fixture" does not include building materials; (t) "future advance" means an advance, whether or not made under to an obligation and includes advances and reasonable costs incurred and expenditures made for the protection, maintenance, preservation or repair of the collateral; (t.1) "futures account" means an account maintained by a futures intermediary in which a futures contract is carried for a futures customer; (t.2) "futures contract" means a standardized future or an option on futures, other than a clearing house option, that is (i) traded on or subject to the rules of a futures exchange recognized or otherwise regulated by the superintendent as defined in the Securities Act or by a securities regulatory authority of another province or territory of Canada, or (ii) traded on a foreign futures exchange and carried on the books of a futures intermediary for a futures customer; (t.3) "futures customer" means a person for which a futures intermediary carries a futures contract on its books; (t.4) "futures exchange" means an association or organization operated to provide the facilities necessary for the trading of standardized futures or options on futures; (t.5) "futures intermediary" means a person that, (i) is registered as a dealer permitted to trade in futures contracts, whether as principal or agent, under the securities laws or commodity futures laws of a province or territory of Canada, or (ii) is a clearing house recognized or otherwise regulated by the superintendent as defined in the Securities Act or by a securities regulatory authority of another province or territory of Canada; (u) "goods" means tangible personal property, fixtures, crops and the unborn young of animals but does not include a document of title, chattel paper, investment property, an instrument, money, or trees, other than crops, until they are severed or minerals until they are extracted; (v) "instrument" means (i) a bill of exchange, note or cheque within the meaning of the Bills of Exchange Act ( Canada ), (ii) other writing that evidences a right to payment of money and is of a type that in the ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary endorsement or assignment, and (iii) a letter of credit or an advice of credit if the letter or advice states that it shall be surrendered on claiming payment under it, but does not include, (iv) a document of title, chattel paper or investment property, or (v) a writing that provides for or creates a mortgage or charge in respect of an interest in land that is specifically identified in the writing; (w) "intangible" means personal property that is not goods, a document of title, chattel paper, investment property, an instrument or money; (x) "inventory" means goods that are (i) held by a person for sale or lease, or that have been leased by that person as lessor, (ii) to be furnished or that have been furnished under a contract of service, (iii) raw materials or work in progress, or (iv) materials used or consumed in a business or profession; (x.1) "investment property" means a security, whether certificated or uncertificated, security entitlement, securities account, futures contract or futures account; (y) "lease for a term of more than one year" includes (i) a lease of goods for an indefinite term including a lease for an indefinite term that is determinable by one or both parties within one year after its execution, (ii) a lease of goods initially for a term of one year or less where the lessee, with the consent of the lessor, retains uninterrupted or substantially uninterrupted possession of the leased goods for more than one year after the lessee, with the consent of the lessor, first acquired possession of the goods but the lease does not become a lease for a term of more than one year until the lessee's possession extends beyond one year, and (iii) a lease of goods for a term of one year or less where the lease provides that it is renewable for one more terms automatically or at the option of one of the parties or by agreement of the parties where the total terms, including the original term, may exceed one year, but does not include (iv) a lease of goods by a lessor who is not regularly engaged in the business of leasing goods, (v) a lease of household furnishings or appliances as part of a lease of land where the goods are incidental to the use and enjoyment of the land, or (vi) a lease of goods of a prescribed kind regardless of the length of the term of the lease; (z) "minerals" includes oil, gas and hydrocarbons; (aa) "money" means a medium of exchange authorized by the Parliament of Canada as part of the currency of Canada or authorized or adopted by a foreign government as part of its currency; (bb) "obligation secured" means, for the purpose of determining the amount payable under a lease that secures payment or performance of an obligation, (i) the amount originally contracted to be paid as rent under the lease, (ii) another amount payable under the terms of the lease, and (iii) the amount, if any, required to be paid by the lessee to obtain full ownership of the collateral, less an amount paid before the determination; (bb.1) "option" means an agreement that provides the holder with the right, but not the obligation, to do one or more of the following on terms or at a price established by or determinable by reference to the agreement at or by a time established by the agreement: (i) receive an amount of cash determinable by reference to a specified quantity of the underlying interest of the option, (ii) purchase a specified quantity of the underlying interest of the option, and (iii) sell a specified quantity of the underlying interest of the option; (bb.2) "option on futures" means an option the underlying interest of which is a standardized future; (cc) "pawnbroker" means a person who engages in the business of granting credit to individuals for personal, family or household purposes and who (i) takes and perfects security interests in consumer goods by taking possession of them, or (ii) purchases consumer goods under agreements or undertakings, express or implied that the goods may be repurchased by sellers; (dd) "personal property" means goods, a document of title, chattel paper, investment property, an instrument, money or an intangible; (ee) "prior security interest" means an interest created or provided for under a valid agreement or other transaction entered into before the commencement of this Act that is a security interest within the meaning of this Act and to which this Act would have applied where it had been in force when the security agreement or other transaction was entered into; (ff) "proceeds" means, (i) identifiable or traceable personal property that is derived directly or indirectly from a dealing with collateral or proceeds of collateral and in which the debtor acquires an interest, (ii) an insurance or other payment that represents indemnity or compensation for loss of or damage to collateral or proceeds of collateral, or a right to that payment, (iii) a payment made in total or partial discharge or redemption of chattel paper, an instrument, an intangible or investment property, and (iv) rights arising out of, or property collected on, or distributed on account of, collateral that is investment property; (gg) "purchase" means taking by sale, lease, discount, assignment, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, issue, reissue, gift or other consensual transaction creating an interest in property; (hh) "purchase money security interest" means (i) a security interest taken in collateral, other than investment property, to the extent that it secures all or part of the purchase price of the collateral, other than investment property, (ii) a security interest taken in collateral, other than investment property, by a person who gives value for the purpose of enabling the debtor to acquire rights in the collateral, other than investment property, to the extent that the value is applied to acquire the rights, (iii) the interest of a lessor of goods under a lease for a term of more than one year, and (iv) the interest of a consignor who delivers goods to a consignee under a commercial consignment, but does not include a transaction of sale by and lease back to the seller, and for the purpose of this definition, "purchase price" and "value" include interest, credit costs and other charges payable for the purchase or loan credit; (ii) "receiver" includes a receiver-manager; (jj) "registrar" means the Registrar of the Personal Property Registry designated under subsection 43(2); (kk) "registry" means the Personal Property registry established under subsection 43(1); (ll) "sale of goods without a change of possession" means a sale of goods that is not accompanied by an immediate delivery and an actual, apparent and continued change of possession of the goods sold, but does not include a sale of goods in the ordinary course of business of the seller, and for the purpose of this definition, "sale" includes an assignment, transfer, conveyance, declaration of trust or other agreement or transaction not intended to secure payment or performance of an obligation by which an interest in goods is conferred; (mm) "secured party" means (i) a person who has a security interest, (ii) a person who holds a security interest for the benefit of another person, and (iii) the trustee, where a security interest is embodied in a trust indenture; (mm.1) "securities account" means a securities account as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (mm.2) "securities intermediary" means a securities intermediary as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (nn) "security" means a security as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (oo) "security agreement" means an agreement that creates or provides for a security interest, and where the context permits, includes (i) an agreement that creates or provides for a prior security interest, and (ii) a writing that evidences a security agreement; (oo.1) "security certificate" means a security certificate as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (oo.2) "security entitlement" means a security entitlement as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; (pp) "security interest" means (i) an interest in personal property that secures payment or performance of an obligation, but does not include the interest of a seller who has shipped goods to a buyer under a negotiable bill of lading or its equivalent to the order of the seller or to the order of an agent of the seller, unless the parties have otherwise evidenced an intention to create or provide for a security interest in the goods, and (ii) the interest of (A) a consignor who delivers goods to a consignee under a commercial consignment, (B) a lessor under a lease for a term of more than one year, (C) a transferee under a transfer of an account or a transfer of chattel paper, and (D) a buyer under a sale of goods without a change of possession that does not secure payment or performance of an obligation; (qq) [Rep. by 2007 cS-13.01 s110] (rr) "specific goods" means goods identified and agreed on at the time a security agreement in respect of those goods is made; (rr.1) "standardized future" means an agreement traded on a futures exchange under standardized conditions contained in the by-laws, rules or regulations of the futures exchange, and cleared and settled by a clearing house, to do one or more of the following at a price established by or determinable by reference to the agreement and at or by a time established by or determinable by reference to the agreement: (i) make or take delivery of the underlying interest of the agreement, or (ii) settle the obligation in cash instead of delivery of the underlying interest; (ss) "trust indenture" means a deed, indenture or document, however designated, by the terms of which a person issues or guarantees or provides for the issue or guarantee of debt obligations secured by a security interest and in which another person is appointed as trustee for the holders of the debt obligations issued, guaranteed or provided for under it; and (ss.1) "uncertificated security" means an uncertificated security as defined in the Securities Transfer Act ; and (tt) "value" means any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract and includes an antecedent debt or liability, and "new value" means value other than an antecedent debt or liability. (2) For the purposes of this Act, (a) a secured party has control of a certificated security if the secured party has control in the manner provided under section 24 of the Securities Transfer Act ; (b) a secured party has control of an uncertificated security if the secured party has control in the manner provided under section 25 of the Securities Transfer Act ; (c) a secured party has control of a security entitlement if the secured party has control in the manner provided under section 26 or 27 of the Securities Transfer Act ; (d) a secured party has control of a futures contract if, (i) the secured party is the futures intermediary with which the futures contract is carried, or (ii) the futures customer, the secured party and the futures intermediary have agreed that the futures intermediary will apply a value distributed on account of the futures contract as directed by the secured party without further consent by the futures customer; and (e) a secured party having control of all security entitlements or futures contracts carried in a securities account or futures account has control over the securities account or futures account. 1998 cP-7.1 s2 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Interpretation 3. (1) For the purpose of this Act (a) a natural person knows or has knowledge when information is acquired by the person under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; (b) a partnership knows or has knowledge when information has come to the attention of one of the general partners or a person having control or management of the partnership business under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; (c) a corporation knows or has knowledge when information, in writing, has been delivered to the corporation's registered office or attorney for service, or when information has come to the attention of (i) a managing director or officer of the corporation, or (ii) a senior employee of the corporation with responsibility for matters to which the information relates, under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; (d) the members of an association know or have knowledge when information has come to the attention of (i) a managing director or officer of the association, (ii) a senior employee of the association with responsibility for matters to which the information relates, or (iii) all members, under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; and (e) a government knows or has knowledge when information has come to the attention of a senior employee of the government with responsibility for matters to which the information relates under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the determination as to whether goods are "consumer goods", "inventory" or "equipment" shall be made as of the time the security interest attaches. (3) Proceeds are traceable whether or not there is a fiduciary relationship between the person who has a security interest in the proceeds as provided in section 29 and the person who has rights in or has dealt with the proceeds. (4) [Rep. by 2007 cS-13.01 s110] (5) This Act is to be interpreted and applied, where the context permits, in a manner that promotes the inter-jurisdictional harmony of the law of personal property security in Canada . (6) This Act binds the Crown. 1998 cP-7.1 s3 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Application of this Act 4. (1) Subject to section 5, this Act applies (a) to every transaction that in substance creates a security interest, without regard to its form and without regard to the person who has title to the collateral; and (b) without limiting the generality of paragraph (a), to a chattel mortgage, conditional sale, fixed charge, floating charge, pledge, trust indenture, trust receipt, an assignment, a consignment, lease, trust or transfer of chattel paper where they secure payment or performance of an obligation, including a security interest registered in relation to the offshore area as that area is defined in the Hibernia Project Development Act ( Canada ). (2) Subject to sections 5 and 56, this Act applies (a) to a commercial consignment; (b) to a lease for a term of more than one year; (c) to a transfer of an account or chattel paper; and (d) to a sale of goods without a change of possession, that do not secure payment or performance of an obligation. 1998 cP-7.1 s4 Back to Top Application of this Act 5. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act does not apply to the following: (a) a lien, charge or other interest given by rule of law or statute unless the statute provides that this Act applies; (b) the creation or transfer of an interest or claim in or under a policy of insurance except the transfer of a right to money or other value payable under a policy of insurance as indemnity or compensation for loss of or damage to collateral; (b.1) a transfer of an interest in a claim in or under a contract of annuity other than a contract of annuity held by a securities intermediary for another person in a securities account; (c) the creation or transfer of an interest in present or future wages, salary, pay, commission or other compensation for work or services, the assignment or transfer of which is prohibited by an Act or rule of law; (d) the transfer of an unearned right to payment under a contract to a transferee who is to perform the transferor's obligation under the contract; (e) the creation or transfer of an interest in land including a lease; (f) the creation or transfer of an interest in a right to payment that arises in connection with an interest in or lease of land other than an interest in a right to payment evidenced by investment property or an instrument; (g) a sale of accounts, chattel paper or goods as part of a sale of the business out of which they arose unless the vendor remains in apparent control of the business after the sale; (h) a transfer of accounts made solely to facilitate the collection of accounts for the transferor; (i) the creation or transfer of a right to damages in tort; (j) a mortgage registered under the Canada Shipping Act ( Canada ); and (k) a security agreement governed by an Act of the Parliament of Canada that deals with the rights of the parties to the agreement or the rights of third parties affected by a security interest created by the agreement, including a security agreement governed by Part VIII of the Bank Act (Canada). 1998 cP-7.1 s5 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Conflict of laws 6. (1) Subject to this Act, the validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of (a) a security interest in goods; and (b) a possessory security interest in a negotiable document of title, chattel paper, an instrument and money, are governed by the law of the jurisdiction where the collateral is situated when the security interest attaches. (2) [Rep. by 2007 cS-13.01 s110] (3) A security interest in goods perfected under the law of the jurisdiction in which the goods are situated at the time the security interest attaches but before the goods are brought into the province continues perfected in the province if it is perfected in the province (a) not later than 60 days after the goods are brought into the province; (b) not later than 15 days after the secured party has knowledge that the goods have been brought into the province; or (c) before perfection ceases under the law of the jurisdiction in which the goods were situated when the security interest attached, whichever is earliest. (4) Notwithstanding subsection (3), a security interest in goods referred to in that subsection is subordinate to the interest of a buyer or lessee of the goods who acquires the interest without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected in the province under section 25 or 26. (5) A security interest that is not perfected in accordance with subsection (3) may be otherwise perfected in the province under this Act. (6) Where a security interest referred to in subsection (1) is not perfected under the law of the jurisdiction in which the collateral was situated when the security interest attached and before the collateral was brought into the province, it may be perfected under this Act. 1998 cP-7.1 s6 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Conflict of laws: goods to be removed from the jurisdiction 7. (1) Subject to section 8, where the parties to a security agreement that creates a security interest in goods in one jurisdiction understand when the security interest attaches that the goods shall be kept in another jurisdiction, the validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of the security interest are determined by the law of the other jurisdiction where the goods are removed to the other jurisdiction, for purposes other than transportation through the other jurisdiction, within 30 days after the security interest attaches. (2) Where the other jurisdiction referred to in subsection (1) is not the province and the goods are later brought into the province, the security interest in the goods shall be considered to be a security interest to which subsection 6(3) applies if it was perfected under the laws of the jurisdiction to which the goods were removed. 1998 cP-7.1 s7 Back to Top Conflict of laws 8. (1) For the purpose of this section and section 8.1, a debtor is located (a) at the place of business of the debtor, if he or she has one; (b) at the registered office, or the chief place of business, if different from the registered office, of the debtor, if the debtor has more than one place of business; and (c) at the principal residence of the debtor, if the debtor has no place of business. (2) The validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of (a) a security interest in an intangible; (b) a security interest in goods that are of a type that are normally used in more than one jurisdiction, if the goods are equipment or are inventory leased or held for lease by the debtor to others; and (c) a non-possessory security interest in a negotiable document of title, chattel paper, an instrument or money, are governed by the law, including the conflict of law rules, of the jurisdiction where the debtor is located when the security interest attaches. (3) Where a debtor relocates to another jurisdiction or transfers an interest in the collateral to a person located in another jurisdiction, a security interest perfected in accordance with the law that is applicable under subsection (2) continues perfected in the province if it is perfected in the other jurisdiction (a) not later than 60 days after the debtor relocates or transfers an interest in the collateral to a person located in the other jurisdiction; (b) not later than 15 days after the secured party has knowledge that the debtor has relocated or transferred an interest in the collateral to a person located in the other jurisdiction; or (c) before perfection ceases under the law of the first jurisdiction, whichever is earliest. (4) Where the law governing the perfection of a security interest under subsection (2) or (3) does not provide for public registration or recording of the security interest or of a notice relating to it, and where the collateral is not in the possession of the secured party, the security interest is subordinate to (a) an interest in an account payable in the province; and (b) an interest in goods, a negotiable document of title, chattel paper, an instrument, or money where the interest was acquired when the collateral was situated in the province, unless the security interest is perfected under this Act before the interest referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) arises. (5) A security interest referred to in subsection (4) may be perfected under this Act. (6) Notwithstanding section 7 and subsection (2), the validity, perfection and effect of perfection or non-perfection of a security interest in minerals or in an account resulting from the sale of the minerals at the minehead or wellhead (a) that is provided for in a security agreement executed before the minerals are extracted; and (b) that attaches to the minerals on extraction or attaches to an account on sale of the minerals, are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the minehead or wellhead is located. 1998 cP-7.1 s8 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Conflict of laws, validity of security interest in investment property 8.1 (1) The validity of a security interest in investment property is governed by the law at the time the security interest attaches (a) of the jurisdiction where the certificate is located if the collateral is a certificated security; (b) of the issuer's jurisdiction if the collateral is an uncertificated security; (c) of the securities intermediary's jurisdiction if the collateral is a security entitlement or a securities account; and (d) of the futures intermediary's jurisdiction if the collateral is a futures contract or a futures account. (2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (5), perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection and the priority of a security interest in investment property is governed by the law of the (a) jurisdiction in which the certificate is located if the collateral is a certificated security; (b) issuer's jurisdiction if the collateral is an uncertificated security; (c) securities intermediary's jurisdiction if the collateral is a security entitlement or a securities account; or (d) futures intermediary's jurisdiction if the collateral is a futures contract or a futures account. (3) For the purposes of this section, (a) the location of a debtor is determined by subsection 8(1); (b) the issuer's jurisdiction is determined under subsection 45(5) of the Securities Transfer Act ; and (c) the securities intermediary's jurisdiction is determined under subsection 46(2) of the Securities Transfer Act . (4) For the purposes of this section, the following rules determine a futures intermediary's jurisdiction: (a) if an agreement between the futures intermediary and futures customer governing the futures account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the futures intermediary's jurisdiction the jurisdiction expressly provided for in the agreement is the futures intermediary's jurisdiction; (b) if paragraph (a) does not apply and an agreement between the futures intermediary and futures customer governing the futures account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the futures intermediary's jurisdiction; (c) if neither paragraph (a) nor (b) applies and an agreement between the futures intermediary and futures customer governing the futures account expressly provides that the futures account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the futures intermediary's jurisdiction; (d) if none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the futures intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the futures customer's account is located; and (e) if none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the futures intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the futures intermediary is located. (5) The law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located governs, (a) perfection of a security interest in investment property by registration; (b) perfection of a security interest in investment property granted by a broker or securities intermediary where the secured party relies on attachment of the security interest as perfection; and (c) perfection of a security interest in a futures contract or futures account granted by a futures intermediary where the secured party relies on attachment of the security interest as perfection. (6) A security interest perfected under the law of the jurisdiction designated in subsection (5) remains perfected until the earliest of, (a) 60 days after the day the debtor relocates to another jurisdiction; (b) 15 days after the day the secured party knows the debtor has relocated to another jurisdiction; and (c) the day that perfection ceases under the previously applicable law. (7) A security interest in investment property which is perfected under the law of the issuer's jurisdiction, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction or the futures intermediary's jurisdiction, as applicable, remains perfected until the earliest of, (a) 60 days after a change of the applicable jurisdiction to another jurisdiction; (b) 15 days after the day the secured party knows of the change of the applicable jurisdiction to another jurisdiction; and (c) the day that perfection ceases under the previously applicable law. (8) Notwithstanding section 8, this section applies to security interests in investment property. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Law of jurisdiction 8.2 For the purposes of section 8.1, a reference to the law of a jurisdiction means the internal law of that jurisdiction excluding the conflict of law rules. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Procedural and substantive issues 9. (1) Notwithstanding sections 6, 7, 8 and 8.1, (a) procedural issues that relate to the enforcement of the rights of a secured party against collateral, other than intangibles, are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the collateral is located when the rights are exercised; (b) procedural issues that relate to the enforcement of the rights of a secured party against intangibles are governed by the law of the forum; and (b) substantive issues that relate to the enforcement of the rights of a secured party against collateral are governed by the proper law of the contract between the secured party and the debtor. (2) For the purpose of sections 6, 7, 8 and 8.1, a security interest is considered to be perfected under the law of a jurisdiction if (a) the secured party has complied with the law of that jurisdiction relating to the creation and continuance of a security interest; and (b) the security interest has a status under the law of that jurisdiction in relation to the interests of the other secured parties, buyers, creditors of the debtor and a trustee in bankruptcy of the debtor similar to the status of an equivalent security interest created and perfected under this Act. 1998 cP-7.1 s9 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 PART II VALIDITY OF SECURITY AGREEMENT AND RIGHTS OF PARTIES Back to Top Effectiveness of security agreement 10. Except as otherwise provided in this or another Act, a security agreement is effective according to its terms. 1998 cP-7.1 s10 Back to Top Enforceability of security interest 11. (1) Subject to section 13.1, a security interest is enforceable against a third party only where (a) the collateral is (i) not a certificated security and is in the possession of the secured party or another person on the secured party's behalf, (ii) a certificated security in registered form and the security certificate has been delivered to the secured party under section 69 of the Securities Transfer Act under the debtor's security agreement, or (iii) investment property and the secured party has control under subsection 2(2) in accordance with the debtor's security agreement; or (b) the debtor has signed a security agreement that contains (i) a description of the collateral by item or kind or by reference to one or more of the following: (A) "goods", (B) "document of title", (C) "chattel paper", (D) "investment property", (E) "instrument", (F) "money", or (G) "intangible", (ii) a description of collateral that is a security entitlement, securities account, or futures account if it describes the collateral by those terms or as an "investment property" or if it describes the underlying financial asset or futures contract, (iii) a statement that a security interest is taken in all of the debtor's present and after-acquired personal property, or (iv) a statement that a security interest is taken in all of the debtor's present and after-acquired personal property except specified items or kinds of personal property or except one or more of the following: (A) "goods", (B) "document of title", (C) "chattel paper", (D) "investment property", (E) "instrument", (F) "money", or (G) "intangible". (2) A secured party does not have possession of collateral for the purpose of subparagraph (1)(a)(i), where the collateral is in the apparent possession or control of the debtor or the debtor's agent. (3) A description is inadequate for the purpose of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if it describes the collateral as consumer goods or equipment without further describing the item or kind of collateral, but where the personal property to be excluded from a description of collateral under subparagraph (1)(b)(iv) is the consumer goods of the debtor, the excluded property may be described simply as consumer goods. (4) A description of collateral as inventory is adequate for the purpose of paragraph (1)(b) only while it is held by the debtor as inventory. (5) A security interest in proceeds is enforceable against a third party whether or not the security agreement contains a description of the proceeds. 1998 cP-7.1 s11 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 ; 2020 c15 s1 Back to Top Debtor's right to a copy of the security agreement 12. Where a security agreement is in writing, the secured party shall deliver a copy of the security agreement to the debtor within 10 days after its execution and, where the secured party fails to do so after a request by the debtor, the court may, on application by the debtor, order the delivery of the copy to the debtor. 1998 cP-7.1 s12 Back to Top Attachment required to enforce security interest 13. (1) A security interest, including a security interest in the nature of a floating charge, attaches when (a) value is given; (b) the debtor has rights in the collateral or power to transfer rights in the collateral to a secured party; and (c) except for the purpose of enforcing rights as between the parties to the security agreement, the security interest becomes enforceable within the meaning of section 11. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where the parties have specifically agreed to postpone the time of attachment, the security interest attaches at the agreed time. (3) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b) and without limiting other rights which the debtor has in the goods, a lessee under a lease for a term of more than one year or a consignee under a commercial consignment has rights in the goods when the lessee or consignee obtains possession of them under the lease or consignment. (4) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), a debtor has no rights in (a) crops, until they become growing crops; (b) the young of animals, until they are conceived; (c) minerals, until they are extracted; and (d) trees, other than crops, until they are severed. (5) The attachment of a security interest in a securities account is also attachment of a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account. (6) The attachment of a security interest in a futures account is also attachment of a security interest in the futures contracts carried in the futures account. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Securities attachment 13.1 (1) A security interest in favour of a securities intermediary attaches to a person's security entitlement if, (a) the person buys a financial asset through the securities intermediary in a transaction in which the person is obligated to pay the purchase price to the securities intermediary at the time of the purchase; and (b) the securities intermediary credits the financial asset to the buyer's securities account before the buyer pays the securities intermediary. (2) The security interest described in subsection (1) secures the person's obligation to pay for the financial asset. (3) A security interest in favour of a person that delivers a certificated security or other financial asset represented by a writing attaches to the security or other financial asset if, (a) the security or other financial asset is, (i) in the ordinary course of business transferred by delivery with any necessary endorsement or assignment, and (ii) delivered under an agreement between persons in the business of dealing with such securities or financial assets; and (b) the agreement calls for delivery against payment. (4) The security interest described in subsection (3) secures the obligation to make payment for the delivery. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Security in after-acquired property 14. (1) Subject to section 13 and subsection (2), a security agreement that provides for a security interest in after-acquired personal property attaches to that property in accordance with the terms of the agreement without any need for specific appropriation by the debtor.

(2) A security interest does not attach under an after-acquired property clause in a security agreement to after-acquired personal property that is (a) crops that become growing crops more than one year after the security agreement has been entered into, except that a security interest in crops that is given in conjunction with a lease, agreement for sale or mortgage of land may attach, where the parties agree, to crops to be grown on the land concerned during the term of the lease, agreement for sale or mortgage; or (b) consumer goods, other than an accession, unless the security interest is a purchase money security interest or a security interest in collateral obtained by the debtor as replacement for collateral described in the security agreement. 1998 cP-7.1 s14 Back to Top Future advances 15. (1) A security agreement may secure future advances. (2) Unless the parties otherwise agree, an obligation owing to a debtor to make future advances is not binding on a secured party if, under subsection 36(5), the security interest does not have priority over a notice of judgment with respect to those future advances. 1998 cP-7.1 s15 Back to Top Application of sale of goods law 16. Where a seller has a purchase money security interest in goods, the law relating to contracts of sale governs the sale and the seller's performance obligations with respect to the goods, including any disclaimer, limitation or modification of those obligations. 1998 cP-7.1 s16 Back to Top Acceleration clauses 17. Where a security agreement provides that a secured party may accelerate payment or performance when the secured party considers that the collateral is in jeopardy or that the secured party is insecure, the security agreement shall be construed to mean that the secured party has the right to do so only if the secured party in good faith believes and has commercially reasonable grounds to believe that the prospect of payment or performance is or is about to be impaired or that the collateral is or is about to be placed in jeopardy. 1998 cP-7.1 s17 Back to Top Secured party 18. (1) In this section and section 18.1, "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) A secured party or the sheriff as defined in the Judgment Enforcement Act shall use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in the secured party's possession and, unless otherwise agreed, in the case of chattel paper or an instrument, reasonable care includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against other persons. (3) Unless otherwise agreed, where collateral is in the secured party's possession, (a) reasonable expenses, including the cost of insurance and payment of taxes or other charges incurred in obtaining and maintaining possession of the collateral and in its preservation are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral; (b) the risk of loss or damage, except if caused by the negligence of the secured party, is on the debtor to the extent of any deficiency in any insurance coverage; (c) the secured party may hold as additional security any increase or profits, except money, resulting from the collateral; (d) the secured party shall apply any increase or profits in the form of money resulting from the collateral, unless remitted to the debtor, immediately on its receipt in reduction of the obligation secured; and (e) the secured party shall keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be commingled. (4) Subject to subsection (2), a secured party may use the collateral (a) in the manner and to the extent provided in the security agreement; (b) for the purpose of preserving the collateral or its value; or (c) in accordance with an order of the court. 1998 cP-7.1 s18 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Rights of secured party with control of investment property as collateral 18.1 (1) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties and notwithstanding section 18, a secured party having control under subsection 2(2) of investment property as collateral, (a) may hold as additional security proceeds received from the collateral; (b) shall either apply money or funds received from the collateral to reduce the secured obligation or remit that money or those funds to the debtor; and (c) may create a security interest in the collateral. (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) and section 18, a secured party having control under subsection 2(2) of investment property as collateral may sell, transfer, use or otherwise deal with the collateral in the manner and to the extent provided in the security agreement. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Obtaining information 19. (1) The debtor, a creditor, a sheriff, a person with an interest in personal property of the debtor, or an authorized representative of any of them, may require a secured party, by a demand in writing, to send or make available the information or documentation referred to in subsection (3) to the person making the demand or, where the demand is made by the debtor, to a person at an address specified by the debtor. (2) A demand under subsection (1) shall contain an address for reply and may be delivered to the secured party (a) at the most recent address of the secured party that was registered as part of a financing statement that includes a description of personal property of the debtor; or (b) at a more recent address that is the current address of the secured party if known by the person making the demand. (3) Any or all of the following may be demanded under subsection (1): (a) a copy of a security agreement providing for a security interest held by the secured party in the personal property of the debtor; (b) a statement in writing of the amount of the indebtedness and of the terms of payment of the indebtedness, as of the date specified in the demand; (c) a written approval or correction of an itemized list of personal property attached to the demand indicating which items are collateral as of the date specified in the demand; (d) a written approval or correction of the amount of indebtedness and of the terms of payment of the indebtedness, as of the date specified in the demand; (e) sufficient information as to the location of the security agreement or a copy of it within the province to enable a person entitled to receive a copy of the security agreement to inspect it within the province. (4) A person with an interest in personal property of the debtor is entitled to make a demand under subsection (1) only with respect to a security agreement providing for a security interest in the property in which the person has an interest. (5) The secured party, on the demand of a person entitled to receive a copy of the security agreement referred to in paragraph (3)(a), shall permit the person to inspect the security agreement or a copy of it during normal business hours at the location referred to in paragraph (3)(e). (6) Where a person makes a demand under subsection (1) for a written approval or correction of an itemized list referred to in paragraph (3)(c) and the secured party claims a security interest in all of the debtor's present and after-acquired personal property, in all of the debtor's present and after-acquired personal property except specified items or kinds of personal property or in all of a specified kind of the debtor's personal property, the secured party may indicate this instead of approving or correcting the itemized list. (7) A secured party shall comply with a demand under subsection (1) or (5) within (a) 25 days after the demand is made, if the secured party is a trustee under a trust indenture; or (b) 10 days after the demand is made, in the case of any other secured party. (8) Where, without reasonable excuse, the secured party fails to comply with a demand under subsection (1) or (5) within the time specified in subsection (7) or provides an incomplete or incorrect reply to a demand under subsection (1), the person making the demand, in addition to another remedy provided by this Act, may apply to the court for an order requiring the secured party to comply with the demand. (9) Where a person receiving a demand under subsection (1) or (5) no longer has an interest in the obligation or property of the debtor that is the subject of the demand, that person shall, within 15 days after receiving the demand, disclose the name and address of the immediate successor in interest and, if known, the latest successor in interest. (10) Where, without reasonable excuse, the person receiving the demand fails to comply with subsection (9), the person making the demand, in addition to any other remedy provided in this Act, may apply to the court for an order requiring the person receiving the demand to comply. (11) On an application under subsections (8) or (10), or on a separate application, the court may make an order requiring the secured party or the person receiving the demand to comply with the demand or to disclose the information. (12) On an application under subsection (8) or (10), or on a separate application, the court may make (a) an order that it considers necessary to ensure compliance with the demand; and (b) an order that, in the event of non-compliance with an order made on an application under subsection (8), the security interest of the secured party in relation to which the demand was made is unperfected or extinguished and the person making the demand may register a financing change statement discharging any registration related to that security interest. (13) On an application under subsection (8) or (10), or on an application by the secured party referred to in subsection (8) or by the person receiving a demand referred to in subsection (9), the court, subject to section 67, may make (a) an order exempting the secured party or person receiving the demand in whole or in part from complying with subsection (7) or (9), unless the demand is made by the debtor; or (b) an order extending the time for compliance. (14) Where a secured party replies to a demand under subsection (1), the secured party and a successor in interest referred to in subsection (9) are estopped, for the purpose of this Act, as against the person making the demand and any other person who can reasonably be expected to rely on the reply to the extent that the person relied on the reply, from denying (a) the accuracy of any of the information referred to in paragraph (3)(b), (c) or (d) that is contained in the reply; or (b) that the copy of the security agreement referred to in paragraph (3)(a) that is provided with the reply is a true copy of that security agreement. (15) A successor in interest referred to in subsection (9) is not estopped under subsection (14) where (a) the person making the demand knows the identity and address of the successor in interest; or (b) before the demand, a financing change statement has been registered under section 46 disclosing the successor in interest as the secured party. (16) The person to whom a demand is made under this section may require payment in advance of a fee in the amount prescribed for each demand, but the debtor is entitled to a reply without charge once every 6 months. (17) A secured party who receives a demand that purports to be made by a person entitled to make the demand under subsection (1) may act as if the person is entitled to make the demand unless the secured party knows that the person is not entitled to make it. 1998 cP-7.1 s19 PART III PERFECTION AND PRIORITIES Back to Top Perfected security interest 20. A security interest is perfected when (a) it has attached; and (b) all steps required for perfection under this Act have been completed, regardless of the order of occurrence. 1998 cP-7.1 s20 Back to Top Securities account 20.1 (1) Perfection of a security interest in a securities account also perfects a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account. (2) Perfection of a security interest in a futures account also perfects a security interest in the futures contracts carried in the futures account. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Perfection on attachment 20.2 (1) A security interest arising in the delivery of a financial asset under subsection 13.1(3) is perfected when it attaches. (2) A security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary is perfected when it attaches. (3) A security interest in a futures contract or a futures account created by a futures intermediary is perfected when it attaches. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Unperfected security interests 21. (1) An unperfected security interest in collateral is not effective against (a) a trustee in bankruptcy if the security interest is unperfected at the time of the bankruptcy; or (b) a liquidator appointed under the Winding-up Act ( Canada ) if the security interest is unperfected when the winding-up order is made. (2) An unperfected security interest in collateral is subordinate to the interest of a transferee of the collateral if the transferee (a) acquires the interest under a transaction that is not a security agreement; (b) gives value; and (c) acquires the interest without knowledge of the security interest and before the security interest is perfected. (3) For the purpose of subsection (2), a purchaser of an instrument or a security or a holder of a negotiable document of title who acquires it under a transaction entered into in the ordinary course of the transferor's business has knowledge only if the purchaser or holder acquires the interest with knowledge that the transaction violates the terms of the security agreement creating or providing for the security interest. 1998 cP-7.1 s21 Back to Top Damages recoverable by lessor or consignor 22. Where the interest of a lessor under a lease for a term of more than one year or of a consignor under a commercial consignment is not effective against a person under paragraph 21(1)(a) or (b), the lessor or consignor is considered to have suffered damages, as against the lessee or consignee in an amount equal to (a) the value of the leased or consigned goods at the time of the bankruptcy, winding-up order or seizure; and (b) the amount of the loss, other than that referred to in paragraph (a), resulting from the termination of the lease or consignment. 1998 cP-7.1 s22 Back to Top Grace period for perfection 23. (1) A purchase money security interest in collateral, other than an intangible, has priority over the interests of persons referred to in subsection 21(1) if it is perfected not later than 15 days after the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier. (2) Where goods are shipped by common carrier to a debtor or to a person designated by the debtor, the debtor does not have possession of the goods for the purpose of subsection (1) until the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, has obtained actual possession of the goods or a document of title to the goods, whichever is earlier. (3) A purchase money security interest in an intangible has priority over the interests of persons referred to in subsection 21(1) if it is perfected not later than 15 days after it attaches. (4) A security interest in goods referred to in clause (pp)(ii)(D) of the definition "security interest" in section 2 has priority over the interests of persons referred to in subsection 21(1) if it is perfected not later than 30 days after the sale of the goods. 1998 cP-7.1 s23 Back to Top Continuity of perfection 24. (1) Where a security interest is originally perfected under this Act and is again perfected in some other way under this Act without an intermediate period when it is unperfected, the security interest is considered to be perfected continuously for the purpose of this Act. (2) A transferee of a security interest has the same priority in relation to perfection of the security interest as the transferor had at the time of the transfer. 1998 cP-7.1 s24 Back to Top Perfection by possession 25. (1) Subject to section 20, possession of the collateral by the secured party, or on the secured party's behalf by another person, perfects a security interest in (a) goods; (b) a negotiable document of title; (c) chattel paper; (d) [Rep. by 2007 cS-13.01 s110] (e) an instrument; and (f) money. (2) A secured party does not have possession of collateral for the purpose of subsection (1) if (a) the collateral is in the actual or apparent possession or control of the debtor or the debtor's agent; or (b) possession is the result of seizure or repossession. (3) Subject to section 20, a secured party may perfect a security interest in a certificated security by taking delivery of the certificated security under section 69 of the Securities Transfer Act . (4) Subject to section 20, a security interest in a certificated security in registered form is perfected by delivery when delivery of the certificated security occurs under section 69 of the Securities Transfer Act , and remains perfected by delivery until the debtor obtains possession of the security certificate. 1998 cP-7.1 s25 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Perfection by control of collateral 25.1 (1) Subject to section 20, a security interest in investment property may be perfected by control of the collateral under subsection 2(2). (2) Subject to section 20, a security interest in investment property is perfected by control under subsection 2(2) from the time the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control until, (a) the secured party does not have control; and (b) one of the following occurs: (i) if the collateral is a certificated security, the debtor has or acquires possession of the security certificate, (ii) if the collateral is an uncertificated security, the issuer has registered or registers the debtor as the registered owner, or (iii) if the collateral is a security entitlement, the debtor is or becomes the entitlement holder. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Perfection by registration 26. Subject to section 20, registration of a financing statement perfects a security interest in collateral. 1998 cP-7.1 s26 Back to Top Temporary perfection 27. (1) Where a security interest in an instrument or a security is perfected under section 25 and the secured party delivers the instrument or certificated security to the debtor for the purpose of (a) ultimate sale or exchange; (b) presentation, collection or renewal; or (c) registration of a transfer, the security interest remains perfected notwithstanding section 10 for the first 15 days after the collateral comes under the control of the debtor. (2) Where a security interest in a negotiable document of title or in goods held by a bailee that are not covered by a negotiable document of title is perfected by possession under section 25 and the secured party makes the document of title or goods available to the debtor for the purpose of (a) ultimate sale or exchange; (b) loading, unloading, storing, shipping or trans-shipping; or (c) manufacturing, processing, packaging or other dealing with goods in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange, the security interest remains perfected, notwithstanding section 11, for the first 15 days after the collateral comes under the control of the debtor. (3) On the expiry of the 15 day period referred to in subsection (1) or (2), a security interest referred to in those subsections is subject to the other provisions of this Act relating to the perfection of a security interest. 1998 cP-7.1 s27 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Perfection where goods held by a bailee 28. (1) Subject to section 20, a security interest in goods in the possession of a bailee is perfected by (a) possession of the goods by the bailee on the secured party's behalf under section 25; (b) registration of a financing statement relating to the goods under section 26; (c) the issue by the bailee of a document of title to the goods in the name of the secured party; (d) the deposit by a secured party to whom a non-negotiable receipt has been transferred of the transfer with the warehouser who issued the receipt in accordance with section 21 of the Warehouse Receipts Act ; or (e) perfection of a security interest in a negotiable document of title to the goods if the bailee has issued one. (2) The issue of a negotiable document of title covering goods does not preclude any other security interest in the goods from arising during the period that the negotiable document of title is outstanding. (3) A perfected security interest in a negotiable document of title covering goods takes priority over a security interest in the goods that is otherwise perfected after the goods become covered by the negotiable document of title. 1998 cP-7.1 s28 Back to Top Security interests in proceeds 29. (1) Subject to this Act, where collateral is dealt with or otherwise gives rise to proceeds, the security interest (a) continues in the collateral unless the secured party expressly or impliedly authorizes the dealing; and (b) extends to the proceeds. (2) Where a secured party enforces a security interest against both the collateral and the proceeds, the amount secured by the security interest in the collateral and the proceeds is limited to the market value of the collateral at the date of the dealing. (2.1) The limitation of the amount secured by a security interest as provided in subsection (1) does not apply where the collateral is investment property. (3) A security interest in proceeds is a continuously perfected security interest where the interest in the original collateral is perfected by registration of a financing statement under section 26 that (a) includes a description of the proceeds that would be sufficient to perfect a security interest in original collateral of the same kind; (b) includes a description of the original collateral, where the proceeds are of a kind that are within the description of the original collateral; or (c) includes a description of the original collateral, where the proceeds consist of money, cheques or deposit accounts in a bank, credit union or similar financial institution. (4) Where the security interest in the original collateral is perfected other than in a manner referred to in subsection (3), the security interest in the proceeds is a continuously perfected security interest for the first 15 days after the security interest in the original collateral attaches to the proceeds but becomes unperfected on the expiry of that period, unless the security interest in the proceeds is otherwise perfected by any of the methods and under the circumstances specified in this Act for original collateral of the same kind. 1998 cP-7.1 s29 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Perfection and priority with respect to returned, seized or repossessed goods 30. (1) Where a debtor sells or leases goods that are subject to a security interest under circumstances in which the buyer or lessee takes free of the security interest under paragraph 29(1)(a) or section 31, the security interest reattaches to the goods if (a) the goods are returned to, seized or repossessed by the debtor or a transferee of chattel paper created by the sale or lease; and (b) the obligation secured remains unpaid or unperformed. (2) Where a security interest reattaches under subsection (1), the perfection of the security interest and the time of registration or perfection shall be determined as if the goods had not been sold or leased if (a) the security interest was perfected by registration under section 26 when the goods were sold or leased; and (b) the registration is effective when the goods are returned, seized or repossessed. (3) Where a sale or lease of goods creates an account or chattel paper that is transferred to a secured party, and the goods are returned to, seized or repossessed by the debtor or the transferee of the chattel paper, the transferee of the account or chattel paper has a security interest in the goods that attaches when the goods are returned, seized or repossessed. (4) A security interest in goods arising under subsection (3) is perfected if the security interest in the account or chattel paper was perfected when the goods were returned, seized or repossessed, but becomes unperfected on the expiry of 15 days after the return, seizure or repossession, unless the transferee registers a financing statement relating to the security interest or takes possession of the goods by seizure, repossession or otherwise, before the expiry of that 15 day period. (5) A security interest in goods that a transferee of an account has under subsection (3) is subordinate to a perfected security interest that reattaches under subsection (1) and to a security interest of a transferee of chattel paper that arises under subsection (3). (6) A security interest in goods that a transferee of chattel paper has under subsection (3) has priority over (a) a security interest in goods that reattaches under subsection (1); and (b) a security interest in goods as after-acquired property that attaches on the return, seizure or repossession of the goods, if the transferee of the chattel paper would have priority under subsection 32(6) as to the chattel paper over an interest in the chattel paper claimed by the holder of the security interest in the goods. (7) A security interest in goods given by a buyer or lessee of the goods referred to in subsection (1) that attaches while the goods are in the possession of the buyer, lessee or debtor and that is perfected when the goods are returned, seized or repossessed has priority over a security interest in the goods arising under this section. 1998 cP-7.1 s30 Back to Top Priority of buyers and lessees of goods 31. (1) In this section (a) "buyer of goods" includes a person who obtains vested rights in goods under a contract to which the person is a party, as a consequence of the goods becoming a fixture or accession to property in which the person has an interest; (b) "ordinary course of business of the seller" includes the supply of goods in the ordinary course of business as part of a contract for services and materials; and (c) "seller" includes a person who supplies goods that become a fixture or accession under a contract with a buyer or under a contract with a person who is party to a contract with a buyer. (2) A buyer or lessee of goods sold or leased in the ordinary course of business of the seller or lessor takes free of any perfected or unperfected security interest given by the seller or lessor or arising under section 29 or 30, whether or not the buyer or lessee knows of it, unless the buyer or lessee also knows that the sale or lease constitutes a breach of the security agreement under which the security interest was created. (3) A buyer or lessee of goods that are acquired as consumer goods takes free of a perfected or unperfected security interest in the goods if the buyer or lessee (a) gave value for the interest acquired; and (b) bought or leased the goods without knowledge of the security interest. (4) Subsection (3) does not apply to a security interest in (a) a fixture; or (b) goods if the purchase price of the goods exceeds $1,000 or where the market value of the goods, in the case of a lease, exceeds $1,000. (5) A buyer or lessee of goods who buys or leases the goods during any of the 15 day periods referred to in subsection 27(1) or (2), 29(4), 30(4) or section 52 takes free of the security interest referred to in those provisions if the buyer or lessee (a) gave value for the interest acquired; and (b) bought or leased the goods without knowledge of the security interest and (i) in the case within subsection 27(1) or (2), 29(4) or 30(4), before the security interest was perfected by possession under section 25 or by registration under section 26, or (ii) in a case within section 52, before the registration of the security interest was amended in accordance with that section or the secured party took possession of the collateral. (6) A buyer or lessee of goods takes free of a security interest in the goods perfected by registration under section 26 if (a) the buyer or lessee bought or leased the goods without knowledge of the security interest; and (b) the goods were not described by serial number in the registration relating to the security interest. (7) Subsection (6) applies only to goods that are equipment and that are of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods. (8) A sale or lease under subsection (2), (3), (5) or (6) may be (a) for cash; (b) by exchange for other property; or (c) on credit, and includes the delivery of goods or a document of title under a pre-existing contract for sale but does not include a transfer as security for, or in total or partial satisfaction of, a money debt or past liability. 1998 cP-7.1 s31 Back to Top Priority re: investment property 31.1 (1) A purchaser of a security, other than a secured party, who (a) gives value; (b) does not know that the transaction constitutes a breach of a security agreement granting a security interest in the security to a secured party that does not have control of the security; and (c) obtains control of the security, acquires the security free from the security interest. (2) A purchaser referred to in subsection (1) is not required to determine whether a security interest has been granted in the security or whether the transaction constitutes a breach of a security agreement. (3) An action based on a security agreement creating a security interest in a financial asset, however framed, may not be brought against a person who acquires a security entitlement under section 96 of the Securities Transfer Act for value and did not know that there has been a breach of the security agreement. (4) A person who acquires a security entitlement under section 96 of the Securities Transfer Act is not required to determine whether a security interest has been granted in a financial asset or whether there has been a breach of the security agreement. (5) If an action based on a security agreement creating a security interest in a financial asset could not be brought against an entitlement holder under subsection (3), it may not be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest in it, from the entitlement holder. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Priority of holders 32. (1) A holder of money has priority over a security interest in it perfected by registration under section 26 or temporarily perfected under subsection 29(4) if the holder (a) acquires the money without knowledge that it is subject to a security interest; or (b) is a holder for value, whether or not that person acquired the money without knowledge that it is subject to a security interest. (2) A creditor who receives an instrument drawn or made by a debtor and delivered in payment of a debt owing to the creditor by that debtor has priority over a security interest in the instrument whether or not the creditor has knowledge of the security interest in the instrument at the time of delivery. (3) A purchaser of an instrument has priority over a security interest in the instrument or security perfected by registration under section 26 or temporarily perfected under subsection 27(1) or 29(4) if the purchaser (a) gave value for the instrument or security; (b) acquired the instrument without knowledge that it is subject to a security interest; and (c) took possession of the instrument. (4) A holder to whom a negotiable document of title is negotiated has priority over a security interest in the document of title that is perfected by registration under section 26 or temporarily perfected under subsection 27(2) or 29(4) if the holder (a) gave value for the document of title; and (b) acquired the document of title without knowledge that it is subject to a security interest. (5) For the purpose of subsections (3) and (4), a purchaser of an instrument or a holder of a negotiable document of title who acquires it under a transaction entered into in the ordinary course of the transferor's business has knowledge only if the purchaser acquires the interest with knowledge that the transaction violates the terms of the security agreement creating or providing for the security interest. (6) A purchaser of a chattel paper who takes possession of it in the purchaser's ordinary course of business and for new value has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper that (a) was perfected by registration under section 26, if the purchaser does not have knowledge at the time of taking possession that the chattel paper is subject to a security interest; or (b) has attached to proceeds of inventory under section 29, whatever the extent of the purchaser's knowledge. 1998 cP-7.1 s32 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Rights under Security Transfer Act 32.1 (1) This Act does not limit the rights that a protected purchaser of a security has under the Securities Transfer Act . (2) The interest of a protected purchaser of a security under the Securities Transfer Act takes priority over an earlier security interest, even if perfected, to the extent provided in that Act. (3) This Act does not limit the rights of or impose liability on a person to the extent that the person is protected against the assertion of a claim under the Securities Transfer Act . 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Priority of repairer's lien 33. A lien on goods that arises as a result of the provision in the course of business, of materials or services, in respect of the goods, has priority over a perfected or unperfected security interest in the goods unless the lien arises under an Act that provides that it is not to have priority. 1998 cP-7.1 s33 Back to Top Alienability of debtor's rights in collateral 34. (1) In this section, "transfer" includes a sale, the creation of a security interest or a transfer under judgment enforcement proceedings. (2) The rights of a debtor in collateral may be transferred consensually or by operation of law notwithstanding a provision in the security agreement prohibiting transfer or declaring a transfer to be a default, but a transfer by the debtor does not prejudice the rights of the secured party under the agreement or otherwise, including the right to treat a prohibited transfer as an act of default. 1998 cP-7.1 s34 Back to Top Priority of purchase money security interest 35. (1) Subject to section 29, a purchase money security interest in (a) collateral or its proceeds, other than intangibles or inventory, that is perfected not later than 15 days after the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier; or (b) an intangible or its proceeds that is perfected not later than 15 days after the security interest in the intangible attaches, has priority over another security interest in the same collateral given by the same debtor. (2) Subject to section 29, a purchase money security interest in inventory or its proceeds has priority over another security interest in the same collateral given by the same debtor where (a) the purchase money security interest in the inventory is perfected when the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier; (b) the secured party gives a notice to another secured party who has registered, before the registration of the financing statement relating to the purchase money security interest in the inventory, a financing statement where the collateral description in the financing statement includes the same item or kind of collateral or includes accounts; (c) the notice referred to in paragraph (b) states that the person giving the notice expects to acquire a purchase money security interest in inventory of the debtor, and describes the inventory by item or kind; and (d) the notice is given before the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier. (3) A notice under subsection (2) may be given in accordance with section 70 or by registered mail addressed to the address of the person to be notified that was registered as part of the financing statement referred to in paragraph (2)(b). (4) A purchase money security interest in goods, or subject to section 29, in their proceeds, taken by a seller, lessor or consignor of the collateral, that is perfected (a) in the case of inventory, when a debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier; and (b) in the case of collateral other than inventory, not later than 15 days after a debtor, or another person at the request of a debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier, has priority over another purchase money security interest in the same collateral given by the same debtor. (5) A purchase money security interest in collateral as original collateral has priority over a purchase money security interest in the same collateral as proceeds, if it is perfected (a) in the case of inventory, when a debtor, or another party at the request of a debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier; and (b) in the case of collateral other than inventory, not later than 15 days after a debtor, or another person at the request of a debtor, obtains possession of the collateral, whichever is earlier. (6) Where goods are shipped by common carrier to a debtor or to a person designated by a debtor, the debtor does not have possession of the goods for the purpose of this section until the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, has obtained actual possession of the goods or a document of title to the goods, whichever is earlier. (7) A purchase money security interest in an item of collateral does not extend to or continue in the proceeds of the item after the obligation to pay the purchase price of the item or repay the value given for the purpose of enabling the debtor to acquire rights in it has been discharged. (8) A perfected security interest in crops or their proceeds given for value to enable a debtor to produce the crops and given while the crops are growing crops or during a period of 6 months immediately before the time the crops become growing crops, has priority over another security interest in the same collateral given by the same debtor. (9) A perfected security interest in fowl, cattle, horses, sheep, swine or fish or their proceeds given for value to enable the debtor to acquire food, drugs or hormones to be fed to or placed in the animals or fish has priority over another security interest in the same collateral or its proceeds given by the same debtor other than a perfected purchase money security interest. 1998 cP-7.1 s35 Back to Top Residual general priority rules 36. (1) Where this Act provides no other method for determining priority between competing security interests in the same collateral, the following priority rules apply: (a) priority between perfected security interests is determined by the order of the occurrence of the following: (i) the registration of a financing statement under section 26 without regard to the time of attachment of the security interest, (ii) possession of the collateral under section 25 without regard to the time of attachment of the security interest, or (iii) perfection under sections 6, 8, 27, 30 or 75, whichever is the earliest; (b) a perfected security interest has priority over an unperfected security interest; and (c) priority between unperfected security interests is determined by the order of attachment of the security interests. (2) For the purpose of subsection (1), a continuously perfected security interest shall be treated at all times as if perfected by the method by which it was originally perfected. (3) For the purpose of subsection (1) and subject to section 29, the time of registration, possession or perfection of a security interest in original collateral is also the time of registration, possession or perfection of a security interest in its proceeds. (4) A security interest in goods that are equipment and are of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods is not registered or perfected by registration for the purpose of subsection (1), (7) or (8) or 35(1) unless a financing statement relating to the security interest that includes a description of the goods by serial number is registered. (5) Subject to subsection (6), the priority which a security interest has under subsection (1) applies to all advances, including future advances. (6) A perfected security interest that would otherwise have priority over a notice of judgment registered under the Judgment Enforcement Act has that priority only to the extent of (a) advances made before the secured party acquires knowledge of the notice of judgment within the meaning of section 47 of the Judgment Enforcement Act; (b) advances made under an obligation owing to a person other than the debtor entered into by the secured party before acquiring the knowledge referred to in paragraph (a); and (c) reasonable costs incurred and expenditures made by the secured party for the protection, preservation or repair of the collateral. (7) Where a registration lapses as a result of a failure to renew it or where a registration is discharged without authorization or in error, and the secured party re-registers in accordance with the regulation within 30 days after the lapse or discharge, the lapse or discharge does not affect the priority ranking of the security interest to which the lapsed or discharged registration relates as against a competing perfected security interest that immediately before the lapse or discharge had a subordinate priority ranking, except to the extent that the competing security interest secures advances made or contracted for after the lapse or discharge and before the re-registration. (8) Where a debtor transfers an interest in collateral that, at the time of the transfer, is subject to a perfected security interest, that security interest has priority over any other security interest granted by the transferee before the transfer except to the extent that the security interest granted by the transferee secures advances made or contracted for (a) after the expiry of 15 days from when the secured party who holds the security interest in the transferred collateral has knowledge of the information required to register a financing change statement in accordance with section 52 disclosing the transferee as the new debtor; and (b) before the secured party referred to in paragraph (a) takes possession of the collateral or registers a financing change statement in accordance with section 52 disclosing the transferee as the new debtor. (9) Subsection (8) does not apply if the transferee acquires the debtor's interest free of the security interest granted by the debtor. 1998 cP-7.1 s36 Back to Top Priority among conflicting security interests 36.1 (1) The rules in this section govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment property. (2) A security interest of a secured party having control of investment property under subsection 2(2) has priority over a security interest of a secured party that does not have control of the investment property. (3) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form which is perfected by taking delivery under subsection 25(3) and not by control under section 25.1 has priority over a conflicting security interest perfected by a method other than control. (4) Conflicting security interests of secured parties each of which has control under subsection 2(2) rank according to priority in time of, (a) if the collateral is a security, obtaining control; (b) if the collateral is a security entitlement carried in a securities account, (i) the secured party's becoming the person for which the securities account is maintained, if the secured party obtained control under paragraph 26(1)(a) of the Securities Transfer Act , (ii) the securities intermediary's agreement to comply with the secured party's entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account, if the secured party obtained control under paragraph 26(1)(b) of the Securities Transfer Act, or (iii) if the secured party obtained control through another person under paragraph 26(1)(c) of the Securities Transfer Act , when the other person obtained control; or (c) if the collateral is a futures contract carried with a futures intermediary, the satisfaction of the requirement for control specified in subparagraph 2(2)(d)(ii) with respect to futures contracts carried or to be carried with the futures intermediary. (5) Notwithstanding subsection (4), a security interest held by a securities intermediary in a security entitlement or a securities account maintained with the securities intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party. (6) Notwithstanding subsection (4), a security interest held by a futures intermediary in a futures contract or a futures account maintained with the futures intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party. (7) Conflicting security interests granted by a broker, securities intermediary or futures intermediary which are perfected without control under subsection 2(2) rank equally. (8) In all other cases, priority among conflicting security interests in investment property is governed by section 36. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Security interests in fixtures 37. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Except as provided in section 31 and subsections (3), (4) and (9), a security interest in goods that attaches before or when the goods become fixtures has priority with respect to the goods over a claim to the goods made by a person with an interest in the land. (3) A security interest referred to in subsection (2) is subordinate to the interest of a person who acquires for value an interest in the land after the goods become fixtures, including an assignee for value of the interest of a person with an interest in the land at the time the goods become fixtures, if the interest is acquired without fraud and before notice of the security interest is registered in accordance with section 50. (4) A security interest referred to in subsection (2) is subordinate to the interest of a person with a registered mortgage of the land who, after the goods become fixtures, (a) makes an advance under the mortgage, but only with respect to that advance; or (b) obtains (i) an order for sale, (ii) an order approving a power of sale, (iii) an order for foreclosure, or (iv) an order for foreclosure and sale without fraud and before notice of the security interest in the fixtures is registered in accordance with section 50. (5) Where a notice of a security interest in fixtures has not been registered in accordance with section 50 when a search is made of the records of the Registry of Deeds by or on behalf of a person with a registered mortgage of the land, an advance under the mortgage made on the same day that the search was made is considered to have been made before registration of a notice under section 50, notwithstanding that the notice was registered on the same day that the search was made. (6) The priority under this section of a person with an interest in the land referred to in subsection (3) or of a person with a registered mortgage of the land referred to in subsection (4) is not affected by priority rights in the land under the Registration of Deeds Act, 2009 .

(7) A security interest in goods that attaches after the goods become fixtures is subordinate to the interest of a person who has an interest in the land when the goods become fixtures and who (a) has not consented to the security interest; (b) has not disclaimed an interest in the goods or fixtures; (c) has not entered into an agreement entitling the person to remove the goods; or (d) is not otherwise precluded from preventing the debtor from removing the goods. (8) A security interest in goods that attaches after the goods become fixtures is subordinate to the interest of a person who acquires an interest in the land after the goods become fixtures if the interest is acquired without fraud and before notice of the security interest is registered in accordance with section 50. (9) A security interest in goods that attaches before, when or after the goods become fixtures is subordinate to the interest of a creditor of the debtor who registers a notice of judgment under the Judgment Enforcement Act before the perfection or registration of the security interest under this Act. (10) The interest of a creditor of the debtor referred to in subsection (9) does not take priority over a purchase money security interest in goods that become fixtures if the security interest was perfected or registered not later than 15 days after the day that the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtained possession of the goods. (11) A secured party who has the right, under this Act, to remove goods from land shall exercise the right of removal in a manner that causes no unnecessary damage or injury to the land and to other property situated on it or that puts the occupier of the land to any greater inconvenience than is necessarily incidental to the removal of the goods. (12) A person, other than the debtor, who has an interest in the land when the goods subject to the security interest are affixed to the land is entitled to reimbursement for any damage to the interest of the person in the land caused during the removal of the goods, but is not entitled to reimbursement for diminution in the value of the land caused by the absence of the goods removed or by the necessity to replace them. (13) A person entitled to reimbursement under subsection (12) may refuse permission to remove the goods until the secured party has given adequate security for reimbursement. (14) The secured party may apply to the court for one or more of the following orders: (a) an order determining the person entitled to reimbursement under this section; (b) an order determining the amount and kind of security to be provided by the secured party; (c) an order specifying the depository for the security; (d) an order authorizing the removal of the goods without the provision of security for reimbursement under subsection (13). (15) Where the interest of a person with an interest in the land is subordinate to a security interest in the goods under this section, the person with an interest in the land may, before the goods have been removed from the land by the secured party, retain the goods on payment to the secured party of the lesser of the following: (a) the amount secured by the security interest in the goods that has priority over the interest of the person with the interest in the land; and (b) the market value of the goods were the goods to be removed from the land. (16) A secured party who has a right to remove goods from land shall give to each person who appears by the records of the Registry of Deeds to have an interest in the land, a notice of the intention of the secured party to remove the goods. (17) A notice under subsection (16) shall contain (a) the name and address of the secured party; (b) a description of the goods to be removed; (c) the amount required to satisfy the obligation secured by the security interest; (d) the market value of the goods; (e) a description of the land to which the goods are affixed; and (f) a statement of intention to remove the goods unless the amount referred to in subsection (15) is paid on or before a specified date that is not less than 15 days after the notice is given under with subsection (16). (18) A notice under subsection (16) shall be given at least 15 days before removal of the goods and may be given in accordance with section 70 or by registered mail addressed to the address of the person to be notified as it appears in the records of the Registry of Deeds. (19) A person entitled to receive a notice under subsection (16) may apply to the court for an order postponing removal of the goods from the land. 1998 cP-7.1 s37 ; 2019 c8 s25 Back to Top Security interests in crops 38. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Except as provided in subsections (3), (4), (5) and (7), a security interest in crops has priority with respect to the crops over a claim to the crops made by a person with an interest in the land. (3) A security interest in crops is subordinate to the interest of a person who acquires for value an interest in the land while the crops are growing crops, including an assignee for value of the interest of a person with an interest in the land while the crops are growing crops, if the interest is acquired without fraud and before notice of the security interest in the crops is registered in accordance with section 50. (4) A security interest in crops is subordinate to the interest of a person with a registered mortgage of the land who, after the crops become growing crops, (a) makes an advance under the mortgage, but only with respect to that advance; or (b) obtains an order for sale or foreclosure, without fraud and before notice of the security interest in the crops is registered in accordance with section 50. (5) Where a notice of a security interest in crops has not been registered in accordance with section 50 when a search is made of the records of the Registry of Deeds by or on behalf of a person with a registered mortgage of the land, an advance under the mortgage made on the same day that the search was made is considered to have been made before registration of a notice under section 50, notwithstanding that the notice was registered on the same day that the search was made. (6) The priority under this section of a person with an interest in the land referred to in subsection (4) is not affected by priority rights in the land under the Registration of Deeds Act , 2009. (7) A security interest in growing crops is subordinate to the interest of a creditor of the debtor who registers a notice of judgment under the Judgment Enforcement Act before the perfection or registration of the security interest under this Act. (8) The interest of a creditor of the debtor referred to in subsection (7) does not take priority over a purchase money security interest in the crops or a security interest in the crops referred to in subsection 35(8) if the security interest was perfected or registered not later than 15 days from the day after the security interest in the crops attaches. (9) Subsections 37(11) to (19) apply with the necessary changes to the seizure and removal of growing crops from land. 1998 cP-7.1 s38 ; 2019 c8 s25 Back to Top Security interest in accessions 39. (1) In this section (a) "other goods" means goods to which an accession is installed or affixed; (b) "secured party" includes a receiver; and (c) "the whole" means an accession and the goods to which the accession is installed or affixed. (2) Except as provided in section 31 and subsections (3) and (4), a security interest in goods that attaches before or when the goods become an accession has priority with respect to the goods over a claim to the goods as an accession made by a person with an interest in the whole. (3) A security interest referred to in subsection (2) is subordinate to the interest of a person who, after the goods become an accession, acquires for value an interest in the whole, including an assignee of the interest of a person with an interest in the whole if the assignee acquires the interest for value and after the goods become an accession and before a financing statement in relation to the security interest is registered. (4) A security interest referred to in subsection (2) is subordinate to the interest of a person with a security interest taken and perfected in the whole who (a) makes an advance under a security agreement after the goods become an accession, but only with respect to that advance; or (b) acquires the right to retain the whole in satisfaction of the obligation secured, without knowledge of the security interest in the accession and before it is perfected. (5) A security interest in goods that attaches after the goods become an accession is subordinate to the interest of a person who has an interest in the other goods when the goods become an accession and who (a) has not consented to the security interest; (b) has not disclaimed an interest in the goods or accessions; (c) has not entered into an agreement entitling the person to remove the accession; or (d) is not otherwise precluded from preventing the debtor from removing the accession. (6) A security interest in goods that attaches after the goods become an accession is subordinate to the interest of a person who acquires an interest in the whole after the goods become an accession, if the interest is acquired without knowledge and before the security interest in the accession is perfected. (7) A secured party who has the right, under this Act, to remove an accession from the whole shall exercise the right of removal in a manner that causes no unnecessary damage or injury to the other goods or that puts the person in possession of the whole to any greater inconvenience that is necessarily incidental to the removal of the accession. (8) A person, other than the debtor, who has an interest in the whole when the goods subject to the security interest become an accession is entitled to reimbursement for any damages to the interest of that person in the whole caused during the removal of the accession, but is not entitled to reimbursement for diminution in the value of the whole caused by the absence of the accession or by the necessity to replace it. (9) A person entitled to reimbursement under subsection (8) may refuse permission to remove the accession until the secured party has given adequate security for the reimbursement. (10) The secured party may apply to the court for one or more of the following orders: (a) an order determining the person entitled to reimbursement under this section; (b) an order determining the amount and kind of security to be provided by the secured party; (c) an order specifying the depository for the security; (d) an order authorizing the removal of the accession without the provision of security for reimbursement under subsection (9). (11) Where the interest of a person with an interest in the whole is subordinate to a security interest in the accession under this section, the person with an interest in the whole may, before the accession has been removed from the whole by the secured party, retain the accession on payment to the secured party of the lesser of the following: (a) the amount secured by the security interest entitled to priority; and (b) the market value of the accession were the accession to be removed from the other goods. (12) The secured party who has a right to remove the accession from the whole shall give a notice of the secured party's intention to remove the accession to each person (a) who is known by the secured party to have an interest in the other goods or in the whole; and (b) who has registered a financing statement that includes the name of the debtor and a description of the other goods, or that includes the serial number of the other goods if the other goods are of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods. (13) A notice under subsection (12) shall contain (a) the name and address of the secured party; (b) a description of the goods to be removed; (c) the amount required to satisfy the obligations secured by the security interest; (d) the market value of the accession; (e) a description of the other goods; and (f) a statement of intention to remove the accession unless the amount referred to in subsection (11) is paid on or before a specified date that is not less than 15 days after the notice is given in accordance with subsection (12). (14) A notice under subsection (12) shall be given at least 15 days before removal of the accession and may be given in accordance with section 70 or by registered mail addressed to the address of the person to be notified that was registered as part of the financing statement referred to in subsection (12). (15) A person entitled to receive a notice under subsection (12) may apply to the court for an order postponing removal of the accession. 1998 cP-7.1 s39 Back to Top Security interests 40. (1) A perfected security interest in goods that subsequently become part of a product or mass continues in the product or mass if the goods are so manufactured, processed, assembled or commingled that their identity is lost in the product. (2) Subject to subsections (4) and (6), where more than one perfected security interest continues in the same product or mass under subsection (1), and each was a security interest in separate goods, the security interests are entitled to share in the product or mass according to the ratio that the obligation secured by each security interest bears to the sum of the obligations secured by all security interests. (3) For the purpose of section 36, perfection of a security interest in goods that subsequently become part of a product or mass is also perfection of the security interest in the product or mass. (4) For the purpose of subsection (2), the obligation secured by a security interest that continues in the product or mass under subsection (1) is limited to the market value of the goods when the goods become part of the product or mass. (5) Any priority that a perfected security interest that continues in the product or mass under subsection (1) has over an interest in the product or mass is limited to the market value of the goods when the goods became part of the product or mass. (6) A perfected purchase money security interest in goods that continues in the product or mass under subsection (1) has priority over a non-purchase money security interest (a) in the goods that continues in the product or mass under subsection (1); and (b) in the product or mass, other than as inventory, given by the same debtor. (7) A perfected purchase money security interest in goods that continues in the product or mass under subsection (1) has priority over any non-purchase money security interest in the product or mass as inventory given by the same debtor where (a) the secured party with the purchase money security interest gives a notice to any secured party with a non-purchase money security interest in the product or mass who has registered, before the identity of the goods is lost in the product or mass, a financing statement that includes a description of the product or mass; (b) the notice referred to in paragraph (a) states that the person giving the notice has acquired or expects to acquire a purchase money security interest in goods supplied to the debtor as inventory; and (c) the notice is given before the identity of the goods is lost in the product or mass. (8) A notice under subsection (7) may be given in accordance with section 70 or by registered mail addressed to the address of the person to be notified that was registered as part of the financing statement referred to in paragraph (7)(a). (9) This section does not apply to a security interest in an accession to which section 39 applies. 1998 cP-7.1 s40 Back to Top Voluntary subordination 41. (1) A secured party may subordinate, in a security agreement or otherwise, the secured party's security interest to any other interest. (2) A subordination is effective according to its terms between the parties and may be enforced by a third party if the third party is the person or one of the class of persons for whose benefit the subordination was intended. 1998 cP-7.1 s41 Back to Top Assignments of intangibles 42. (1) In this section (a) "account debtor" means a person who is obligated under an intangible or chattel paper; and (b) "assignee" includes a secured party and a receiver. (2) Unless the account debtor on an intangible or chattel paper has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims arising out of a contract, the rights of an assignee of the intangible or chattel paper are subject to (a) the terms of the contract between the account debtor and the assignor and a defense or claim arising from the contract or a closely connected contract; and (b) another defense or claim of the account debtor against the assignor that accrues before the account debtor acquires knowledge of the assignment. (3) A modification of or substitution for a contract made in good faith and in accordance with reasonable commercial standards and without material adverse effect on the assignee's rights under the contract or the assignor's ability to perform the contract is effective against the assignee unless the account debtor has otherwise agreed. (4) Subsection (3) applies (a) to the extent that an assigned right to payment arising out of the contract has not been earned by performance; and (b) notwithstanding that notice of the assignment has been given to the account debtor. (5) Where the contract has been substituted or modified in the manner referred to in subsection (3), the assignee obtains rights corresponding to those of the assignor under the modified or substituted contract. (6) Nothing in subsections (3) to (5) affects the validity of a term in an assignment agreement that provides that a modification or substitution referred to in those subsections is a breach of contract by the assignor. (7) Where collateral which is either an intangible or chattel paper is assigned, the account debtor may make payments to the assignor (a) before the account debtor receives notice of the assignment in accordance with subsection (8); or (b) after the account debtor receives notice of the assignment if the account debtor requests the assignee to furnish proof of the assignment and the assignee fails to furnish proof within 15 days after the request. (8) A notice of an assignment under subsection (7) shall (a) state that the amount payable or to become payable under the contract has been assigned and that payment is to be made to the assignee; and (b) identify the contract under which the amount payable is to become payable. (9) Payment by an account debtor to an assignee after the account debtor receives notice of the assignment in accordance with subsection (8) discharges the obligation of the account debtor to the extent of the payment. (10) A term in a contract between a debtor on an account or chattel paper and an assignor that prohibits or restricts assignment of the whole of the account or chattel paper for money due or to become due is binding on the assignor only to the extent that the assignor may be liable in damages for breach of the term, but is unenforceable against third parties. 1998 cP-7.1 s42 PART IV REGISTRATION Back to Top Personal property registry 43. (1) There shall be an electronic registry known as the Personal Property Registry for the purpose of registrations under this Act and another Act that provides for registration in the registry. (2) An employee of the department shall be designated as registrar. (3) The registrar may designate one or more persons by name or position as deputy registrars. (4) The registrar shall supervise and administer the operation of the registry and shall have the powers and duties that are set out in this Act or the regulations or another Act that provides for registration in the registry or the regulations under that Act. (5) A deputy registrar has the same powers and duties as the registrar, subject to the direction and supervision of the registrar. (6) The registrar and deputy registrars may designate one or more persons to act on their behalf. (7) When it is not practical, in the opinion of the registrar, to provide one or more registry services, the registrar may refuse access to the registry or otherwise suspend one or more of its services. 1998 cP-7.1 s43 Back to Top Registration of financing statements 44. (1) A person may register a financing statement in the registry at an office of the registry in accordance with the regulations. (2) The registrar may enter into an agreement with a person to provide access to the registry on terms and conditions that the registrar considers advisable and may vary the terms and conditions as the registrar considers advisable. (3) A person who has entered into an agreement with the registrar under subsection (2) may register a financing statement in the registry in accordance with the agreement and the regulations. (4) Registration of a financing statement is effective from the time that a registration number, date and time is assigned to the registration in the registry. (5) A financing statement may be registered before or after a security agreement is made or a security interest attaches. (6) A registration may relate to one or more than one security agreement. (7) The validity of the registration of a financing statement is not affected by any defect, irregularity, omission or error in the financing statement unless the defect, irregularity, omission or error is seriously misleading. (8) Subject to subsection (10), a registration is invalid if there is a seriously misleading defect, irregularity, omission or error in (a) the name of any of the debtors required to be included in the financing statement other than a debtor who does not own or have rights in the collateral; or (b) the serial number of the collateral if the collateral is consumer goods of a kind that are prescribed by regulation as serial numbered goods. (9) In order to establish that a defect, irregularity, omission or error is seriously misleading, it is not necessary to prove that anyone was actually misled by it. (10) Failure to include a description of any item or kind of collateral in a financing statement does not affect the validity of the registration with respect to the description of other collateral included in the financing statement. (11) The secured party or person named as secured party in a financing statement shall give to each person named as debtor in the statement, within 30 days after it is registered, a verification statement in accordance with the regulations, except where that person has waived in writing the right to receive it. 1998 cP-7.1 s44 Back to Top Duration, renewal of and amendments to registrations 45. (1) Except as otherwise prescribed, a registration under this Act is effective for the period of time specified as part of the financing statement by which the registration is effected. (2) A registration may be renewed by registering a financing change statement before the registration expires and, except as otherwise prescribed by regulation, the period of time for which the registration is effective shall be extended by the renewal period specified as part of the financing change statement. (3) An amendment to a registration may be effected by registering a financing change statement during the period that the registration is effective and the amendment is effective from the time that the financing change statement is registered to the expiry of the registration being amended. (4) Notwithstanding that an amendment of a registration is not specifically provided for in this Part, a financing change statement may be registered to amend the registration. 1998 cP-7.1 s45 Back to Top Registration of transfers and subordinations 46. (1) Where a secured party with a security interest that is perfected by registration transfers the security interest or a part of it, a financing change statement may be registered to disclose the transfer. (2) Where a financing change statement is registered under subsection (1) and an interest in part, but not all, of the collateral is transferred, the financing change statement shall include a description of the collateral in which the interest is transferred. (3) Where a secured party with a security interest that is not perfected by registration transfers the security interest, a financing statement may be registered in which the transferee is disclosed as the secured party. (4) After registration of a financing change statement disclosing a transfer of a security interest, the transferee is the secured party for the purpose of this Part. (5) A registration disclosing a transfer of a security interest may be registered before or after the transfer. (6) Where a security interest has been subordinated by the secured party to the interest of another person, a financing change statement may be registered to disclose the subordination during the period that the registration of the subordinated security interest is effective. 1998 cP-7.1 s46 Back to Top Removal of data from the registry 47. Data in a registration may be removed from the records of the registry (a) when the registration is no longer effective; or (b) on the registration of a financing change statement discharging or partially discharging the registration. 1998 cP-7.1 s47 Back to Top Registration not constructive notice 48. Registration of a financing statement in the registry by itself does not constitute notice or knowledge to a person of the existence or contents of the financing statement or of the existence of the security interest or the contents of a security agreement to which the registration relates. 1998 cP-7.1 s48 Back to Top Registry searches 49. (1) A person may search the records of the registry and obtain a printed search result (a) at an office of the registry; or (b) in accordance with an agreement entered into with the registrar under subsection 44(2). (2) A search under subsection (1) may be conducted according to (a) the name of the debtor; (b) the serial number of goods of a kind that are prescribed by regulation as serial numbered goods; or (c) a registration number. (3) A printed search result that purports to be issued by the registry is receivable as evidence and is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of the registration of any financing statement to which the search relates, including (a) the date and time of registration of the financing statement; and (b) the order of registration of the financing statement as indicated by the registration number, date and time set out in the printed search result. 1998 cP-7.1 s49 Back to Top Fixtures and crops 50. (1) In this section (a) "debtor" includes a person named as a debtor in a notice registered under this section; and (b) "secured party" includes a person named as a secured party in a notice registered under this section. (2) A security interest in a fixture under section 37 and a security interest in a crop under section 38 may be registered in the Registry of Deeds by submitting a notice in accordance with the regulations to the registry. (3) On the submission of a notice under subsection (2) and on the payment of any prescribed fee, the Registrar of Deeds shall register it in the Registry of Deeds. (4) On the registration of a notice under subsection (3), every person dealing with the land to which the notice relates is considered to have knowledge of the security interest referred to in the notice. (5) The secured party or person named as secured party in a notice registered under subsection (3) shall give to each person named as a debtor in the notice, within 30 days after it is registered, a copy of the notice, except where that person has waived in writing the right to receive it. (6) Where a notice registered under subsection (3) has not expired, notice of its renewal, amendment or discharge or notice of the transfer or subordination of the security interest to which it relates may be registered by submitting a notice in accordance with the regulations to the Registry of Deeds. (7) On the submission of a notice under subsection (6) and on the payment of any prescribed fee, the Registrar of Deeds shall register it in the Registry of Deeds. (8) Subsections 44(6), (7), (8), (10) and (11) and sections 45 and 46 apply with the necessary changes to the notices referred to in subsections (2) and (6). (9) Where a notice registered under subsection (3) expires or notice of its discharge is registered under subsection (7), it is of no effect and the registrar may cancel registration of the notice and any other notice that relates to the same security interest in the Registry of Deeds. (10) The debtor named in a notice registered under subsection (3) or (7), and a person with a registered interest in the land to which the notice relates, may give a written demand to the secured party if (a) all of the obligations under the security agreement to which the notice relates have been performed; (b) the secured party has agreed to release part or all of the collateral described in the notice; (c) the description of the collateral contained in the notice includes an item or kind of property that is not collateral under a security agreement between the secured party and the debtor; or (d) no security agreement exists between the secured party and the debtor. (11) A demand under subsection (10) may require that the secured party, within 30 days after the demand is given, submit for registration a notice under subsection (6) (a) discharging the registration of the notice, in a case within paragraph (10)(a) or (d); (b) amending or discharging the registration of the notice to reflect the terms of the agreement, in a case within paragraph (10)(b); or (c) amending the collateral description in the notice to exclude items or kinds of property that are not collateral under a security agreement between the secured party and the debtor, in a case within paragraph (10)(c). (12) Where a secured party fails to comply with a demand under subsection (10) within 30 days after it is given, or fails to give to the person giving the demand an order of the court confirming that the registration need not be amended or discharged, the person giving the demand may submit for registration the notice referred to in subsection (11) and the registrar shall register the notice. (13) A demand under subsection (10) may be given in accordance with section 70 or by registered mail addressed to the address of the secured party as it appears on the most recent notice registered under subsection (3) or (7). (14) On application by the secured party, the court may order that the registration (a) be maintained on any condition, and subject to section 45, for any period of time; or (b) be discharged or amended. (15) Subsection (12) does not apply to a registration of a notice of a security interest provided for in a trust indenture if the notice states that the security agreement providing for the security interest is a trust indenture. (16) In a case within subsection (15), if the secured party fails to comply with a demand under subsection (10) within 15 days after it is given, the person making the demand may apply to the court for an order directing that the registration be amended or discharged. (17) No fee or expense shall be charged by a secured party for compliance with a demand given under subsection (10), unless the charge was agreed to by the parties before the demand was given. 1998 cP-7.1 s50 Back to Top Compulsory discharge 51. (1) In this section (a) "debtor" includes a person named as a debtor in a registered financing statement; and (b) "secured party" includes a person named as a secured party in a registered financing statement. (2) Where a registration relates exclusively to a security interest in consumer goods, the secured party shall discharge the registration within 30 days after all obligations under the security agreement creating the security interest are performed, unless the registration lapses before the expiry of the 30 day period. (3) The debtor, or a person with an interest in property that falls within the collateral description included in a registered financing statement may give a written demand to the secured party if (a) all of the obligations under the security agreement to which the financing statement relates have been performed; (b) the secured party has agreed to release part or all of the collateral described in the collateral description included in the financing statement; (c) the collateral described in the collateral description included in the financing statement includes an item or kind of property that is not collateral under a security agreement between the secured party and the debtor; or (d) no security agreement exists between the secured party and the debtor. (4) A demand under subsection (3) may require that the secured party, within 15 days after the demand is given, register a financing change statement (a) discharging the registration in a case within paragraph (3)(a) or (d); (b) amending or discharging the registration so as to reflect the terms of the agreement in a case within paragraph (3)(b); or (c) amending the collateral description to exclude items or kinds of property that are not collateral under a security agreement between the secured party and the debtor in a case within paragraph (3)(c). (5) Where a secured party fails to comply within a demand under subsection (3) within 15 days after it is given, or fails to give to the person giving the demand an order of the court confirming that the registration need not be amended or discharged, the person giving the demand may register the financing change statement referred to in subsection (4). (6) A demand under subsection (3) may be given in accordance with section 70 or by registered mail addressed to the address of the secured party that was registered as part of the financing statement. (7) On application by the secured party, the court may order that the registration (a) be maintained on any condition, and subject to section 45, for any period of time; or (b) be discharged or amended. (8) Subsection (5) does not apply to the registration of a security interest provided for in a trust indenture if the registration discloses that the security agreement providing for the security interest is a trust indenture. (9) In a case within subsection (8), if the secured party fails to comply with a demand under subsection (3) within 15 days after it is given, the person making the demand may apply to the court for an order directing that the registration be amended or discharged. (10) No fee or expense shall be charged by a secured party for compliance with a demand given under subsection (3) unless the charge was agreed to by the parties before the demand was given. (11) Where there is no outstanding secured obligation, and the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations or otherwise give value, a secured party having control of investment property under paragraph 26(1)(b) of the Securities Transfer Act or subparagraph 2(2)(d)(ii) of this Act shall, within 10 days after receipt of a written demand by the debtor, send to the securities intermediary or futures intermediary with which the security entitlement or futures contract is maintained a written record that releases the securities intermediary or futures intermediary from further obligation to comply with entitlement orders or directions originated by the secured party. 1998 cP-7.1 s51 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Transfer of debtor's interest 52. (1) Where a security interest is perfected by registration and the debtor transfers all or part of the debtor's interest in the collateral with the prior consent of the secured party, the security interest in the transferred collateral is subordinate to (a) an interest, other than a security interest in the transferred collateral, arising in the period from the expiry of the fifteenth day after the transfer to the time the secured party amends the registration to disclose the name of the transferee of the interest in the collateral as the new debtor or takes possession of the collateral; (b) a perfected security interest in the transferred collateral that is registered or perfected during the period referred to in paragraph (a); and (c) a perfected security interest in the transferred collateral that is registered or perfected after the transfer and before the expiry of the fifteenth day after the transfer if, before the expiry of the 15 days, (i) the registration of the security interest first referred to in this subsection is not amended to disclose the transferee of the interest in the collateral as the new debtor, or (ii) the secured party does not take possession of the collateral. (2) Where a security interest is perfected by registration and the secured party has knowledge of (a) information required to register a financing statement disclosing the transferee as the new debtor, where all or part of the debtor's interest in the collateral is transferred; or (b) the new name of the debtor, if there has been a change in the debtor's name, the security interest, in the transferred collateral where paragraph (a) applies, and in the collateral where paragraph (b) applies, is subordinate to (c) an interest, other than a security interest, in that collateral, arising in the period from the expiry of the fifteenth day after the secured party has knowledge of the information referred to in paragraph (a) or the new name of the debtor to the time the secured party amends the registration to disclose the name of the transferee as the debtor or to disclose the new name of the debtor or takes possession of the collateral; (d) a perfected security interest in the collateral that is registered or perfected in the period referred to in paragraph (c); and (e) a perfected security interest in the collateral that is registered or perfected after the secured party had knowledge of the information referred to in paragraph (a) or the new name of the debtor and before the expiry of the fifteenth day referred to in paragraph (c), if, before the expiry of the 15 days, (i) the registration of the security interest first referred to in this subsection is not amended to disclose the transferee of the collateral as the new debtor or to disclose the new name of the debtor, or (ii) the secured party does not take possession of the collateral. (3) This section does not have the effect of subordinating a prior security interest considered by section 75 to be registered under this Act. (4) Where the debtor's interest in part or all of the collateral is transferred by the debtor without the consent of the secured party and there are one or more subsequent transfers of the collateral without the consent of the secured party before the secured party acquires knowledge of the name of the most recent transferee of the collateral, the secured party is considered to have complied with subsection (2) if the secured party registers a financing statement not later than 15 days after acquiring knowledge of (a) the name of the most recent transferee of the collateral; and (b) the information required to register a financing change statement, and the secured party need not register financing change statements with respect to any intermediate transferee. 1998 cP-7.1 s52 Back to Top Recovery of loss 53. (1) A person may bring action against the Crown to recover loss or damage suffered by that person because of an error or omission in the operation of the registry if the loss or damage resulted from reliance on a printed search result issued by the registry. (2) The Crown is not liable directly or vicariously for loss or damage suffered by a person because of (a) verbal advice given by the registrar, a deputy registrar or an officer, employee or agent respecting this Act or the regulations or another Act that provides for registration in the registry or the regulations under that Act or the operation of the registry unless the person bringing the action proves that the registrar, deputy registrar, officer, employee or agent was not acting in good faith; or (b) the failure of the registry to effect a registration or to effect a registration correctly. (3) No action for damages under this section or section 54 lies against the Crown unless it is commenced within (a) 2 years after the person entitled to bring the action first had knowledge of the loss or damage; or (b) 10 years after the date the printed search result was issued, whichever is earlier. (4) Notwithstanding the Proceedings Against the Crown Act , the registrar, a deputy registrar, officer, employee or agent of the Crown or the registry is not personally liable in respect of the discharge or purported discharge of any duty or function under this Act or the regulations or another Act or the regulations under that Act except as provided in this section and in section 54. 1998 cP-7.1 s53 Back to Top Recovery of loss 54. (1) An action for recovery of damages under section 53 brought by a trustee under a trust indenture or by a person with an interest in a trust indenture shall be brought on behalf of all persons with interests in the same trust indenture, and the judgment in the action, except to the extent that it provides for a subsequent determination of the amount of damages suffered by each person, constitutes a judgment between each person and the Crown in respect of each error or omission. (2) In an action brought by a trustee under a trust indenture or by a person with an interest in a trust indenture, proof that each person relied on the search result is not necessary if it is established that the trustee relied on the search result, but no person is entitled to recover damages under this section if the person knows at the time of acquisition of an interest in the collateral that the search result relied upon by the trustee is incorrect. (3) In proceedings under this section, the court may make any order that it considers appropriate in order to give notice to the persons with an interest in the same trust indenture. (4) Subject to subsection 55(1), the court may order payment of all or a portion of the damages awarded to identified persons with interests in the same trust indenture after judgment, and the obligation of the Crown to satisfy the judgment is satisfied to the extent that payment is so made. 1998 cP-7.1 s54 Back to Top Payment of claim for loss 55. (1) The total amount recoverable in a single action under section 53, and the total amount recoverable for all claims in a single action under section 54, shall not exceed the amounts prescribed by regulation. (2) Where damages are paid to a claimant under this section, the Crown is subrogated to the rights of the claimant against a person indebted to the claimant whose debt to the claimant was the basis of the loss or damage in respect of which the claim was paid. (3) Where the amount of the damages paid to a claimant is less than the value of the interest the claimant would have had if the error or omission had not occurred, the right of subrogation under subsection (2) does not prejudice the right of the claimant to recover in priority to the Crown an amount equal to the difference between the amount paid to the claimant and the value of the interest the claimant would have had if the error or omission had not occurred. (4) The Minister of Finance may, without action being brought, pay out of the Consolidated Fund, the amount of a claim against the Crown when provided with a report of the registrar setting out the facts and the opinion of the registrar that the claim is just and reasonable. (5) When an award of damages has been made in favour of a claimant and the time for appeal has expired, or when an appeal is taken and disposed of in whole or in part in favour of the claimant, the Minister of Finance shall authorize payment out of the Consolidated Fund, subject to subsection (1), the amount specified in the judgment in a manner specified in the judgment, including the costs of the claimant if the judgment so provides. 1998 cP-7.1 s55 PART V DEFAULT RIGHTS AND REMEDIES Back to Top Application of Part V 56. (1) This Part does not apply to (a) a transaction referred to in subsection 4(2); or (b) a transaction between a pledgor and a pawnbroker. (2) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (3) The rights and remedies in this Part are cumulative. (4) Subject to another Act or rule of law to the contrary, where the same obligation is secured by an interest in land and by a security interest to which this Act applies, the secured party may (a) proceed under this Part as to the personal property; or (b) proceed as to both the land and the personal property in which case the secured party shall proceed as against the personal property in accordance with the secured party's rights, remedies and obligations in respect of the land, as if the personal property were land, and this Part, except for subsections 59(3) to (6), does not apply. (5) Paragraph (4)(b) does not limit the rights of a secured party who has a security interest in the personal property taken before or after the security interest referred to in subsection (4). (6) A secured party referred to in subsection (5) (a) has standing in proceedings taken in accordance with paragraph (4)(b); and (b) may apply to the court for the conduct of a judicially supervised sale under paragraph (4)(b). (7) For the purpose of distributing the proceeds realized from the sale of both land and personal property where the purchase price is not allocated to each separately, the amount that is attributable to the sale of the personal property is that proportion of the total proceeds that the market value of the personal property at the time of the sale bears to the market value of the land and the personal property at the time of the sale. (8) A security interest does not merge merely because a secured party has reduced the claim to judgment. 1998 cP-7.1 s56 Back to Top Determination of rights 57. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Subject to subsection (4), where a debtor is in default under a security agreement, the secured party has against the debtor only (a) the rights and remedies provided in the security agreement; (b) the rights and remedies provided in this Part and sections 37, 38 and 39; and (c) when in possession or control of the collateral, the rights and remedies provided in sections 18 and18.1. (3) Subject to subsection (4), where a debtor is in default under a security agreement, the debtor has against the secured party (a) the rights and remedies provided in the security agreement; (b) the rights and remedies provided by another Act or rule of law not inconsistent with this Act; and (c) the rights and remedies provided in this Part and in sections 18 and 18.1. (4) Except as provided in sections 18, 18.1, 60, 61 and 63, no provision of section 18, 18.1 or sections 58 to 67, to the extent that the provision gives rights to the debtor or imposes obligations on the secured party, can be waived or varied by agreement or otherwise. 1998 cP-7.1 s57 ; 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Right to collect on intangibles 58. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Where the debtor is in default under a security agreement, the secured party is entitled (a) to notify a debtor on an intangible or chattel paper or an obligor on an instrument or security to make payment to the secured party whether or not the assignor was making collections on the collateral before the notification;

(b) to apply any money taken as collateral or paid to the secured party under paragraph (a) to the satisfaction of the obligation secured by the security interest; and (c) subject to section 60, to take control of any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under section 29. (3) A secured party who enforces a security by giving notice in accordance with paragraph (2)(a) shall notify the debtor within 15 days after doing so. (4) A secured party may deduct reasonable collection expenses (a) from amounts collected from a debtor on an intangible or chattel paper or from an obligor under an instrument; or (b) from money held as collateral. 1998 cP-7.1 s58 Back to Top Right to take possession 59. (1) In this section (a) "dependent" means a person living with the debtor who is wholly or substantially dependent on the debtor for financial support; and (b) "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Subject to subsections (3) to (5) , sections 37, 38 and 39, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act ( Canada ) and another Act or rule of law requiring a secured party to give prior notice of the intention to enforce a security interest, if the debtor is in default under a security agreement (a) the secured party has, unless otherwise agreed, the right to take possession of the collateral or otherwise enforce the security interest by any method permitted by law; (b) where the collateral is goods of a kind that cannot be readily moved from the debtor's premises or of a kind for which adequate storage facilities are not readily available, the secured party may seize or repossess the collateral without removing it from the debtor's premises in any manner by which a sheriff may seize without removal under section 75 of the Judgment Enforcement Act, if the secured party's interest is perfected by registration under section 26; (c) where paragraph (b) applies, the secured party may dispose of collateral on the debtor's premises but shall not cause the person in possession of the premises any greater inconvenience and cost than is necessarily incidental to the disposal; (d) where the collateral is a document of title, the secured party may proceed either as to the document of title or as to the goods covered by it, and any method of enforcement that is available with respect to the document of title is also available, with the necessary changes, with respect to the goods covered by it. (3) Subject to subsection (5), a debtor may claim the following items of collateral to be exempt from seizure by a secured party: (a) food required by the debtor and his or her dependents during the next 12 months; (b) necessary clothing of the debtor and his or her dependents that is of a value not exceeding an amount prescribed by the regulations; (c) household furnishings, utensils, equipment and appliances that are of a value not exceeding an amount prescribed by the regulations; (d) one motor vehicle of a value not exceeding an amount prescribed by the regulations; (e) medical and dental aids that are required by the debtor and his or her dependents; (f) domesticated animals that are kept as pets and not used for a business purpose; (g) except as otherwise provided by this or another Act, a pension plan; and (h) property as prescribed by the regulations. (4) For the purpose of subsection (3), in exercising rights under this Part the provisions of Part X of the Judgment Enforcement Act apply, with the necessary changes, to the secured party as if the secured party were the sheriff. (5) Subsections (3) and (4) do not apply in relation to goods that are subject to a purchase money security interest held by the secured party against whom the claim to exemption is made. 1998 cP-7.1 s59 Back to Top Right to dispose of collateral 60. (1) In subsections (2), (7) and (15) "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) After seizing or repossessing the collateral, a secured party may dispose of it in its existing condition or after repair, processing or preparation for disposition. (3) The proceeds of the disposition of collateral shall be applied consecutively to (a) the reasonable expenses of seizing, repossessing, holding, repairing, processing or preparing for disposition and disposing of the collateral and any other reasonable expenses incurred by the secured party; and (b) the satisfaction of the obligations secured by the security interest of the party making the disposition. (4) Any surplus proceeds of the disposition shall be dealt with in accordance with section 61. (5) Collateral may be disposed of (a) by private sale; (b) by public sale, including public auction or closed tender; (c) as a whole or in commercial units or parts; (d) if the security agreement so provides, by lease. (6) Where the security agreement so provides, the payment for the collateral being disposed of may be deferred. (7) The secured party may delay disposition of the collateral in whole or in part. (8) Not less than 20 days before disposition of the collateral, the secured party shall give a notice to (a) the debtor and another person who is known by the secured party to be an owner of the collateral; (b) a creditor or person with a security interest in the collateral whose security interest is subordinate to that of the secured party and (i) who has registered, before the notice of disposition is given to the debtor, a financing statement that includes the name of the debtor or that includes the serial number of the collateral if the collateral is goods of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods, or (ii) whose security interest was perfected by possession when the secured party seized or repossessed the collateral; (c) a judgment creditor whose interest in the collateral is subordinate to that of the secured party and who has registered, before the notice of disposition is given to the debtor, a notice of judgment that includes the name of the debtor or that includes the serial number of the collateral if the collateral is goods of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods; and (d) another person with an interest in the collateral who has given a written notice to the secured party of that person's interest in the collateral before the notice of disposition is given to the debtor. (9) A notice under subsection (8) shall contain (a) a description of the collateral; (b) a statement of the amount required to satisfy the obligation secured by the security interest; (c) a statement of the sum actually in arrears, exclusive of the operation of an acceleration clause in the security agreement; (d) a brief description of any default, other than non-payment, including the term of the security agreement, the breach of which constituted the default; (e) a statement of the amount of the expenses referred to in paragraph (3)(a) or, where the amount of the expenses has not been determined, a reasonable estimate; (f) a statement that a person entitled to receive the notice may redeem the collateral on payment of the amount due under paragraphs (b) and (e); (g) a statement that the debtor may reinstate the security agreement on payment of the sum actually in arrears exclusive of the operation of an acceleration clause in the security agreement, the curing of another default and payment of the expenses due under paragraph (3)(a); (h) a statement that the collateral shall be disposed of and the debtor may be liable for a deficiency unless the collateral is redeemed or the security agreement is reinstated; and (i) a statement of the date, time and place of a sale by public auction, or the place to which closed tenders may be delivered and the date after which closed tenders shall not be accepted, or the date after which a private disposition of the collateral is to be made. (10) Where a notice under subsection (8) is given to a person other than the debtor, it need not contain the information in paragraphs (9)(c), (g) and (h), and where the debtor is not entitled to reinstate the security agreement, the notice to the debtor need not contain the information in paragraphs (9)(c) and (g). (11) Not less than 20 days before the disposition of the collateral, a receiver shall give a notice to (a) the debtor, and where the debtor is a corporation, a director of the corporation; (b) another person who is known by the secured party to be an owner of the collateral; (c) a person referred to in paragraph (8)(b); (d) a creditor referred to in paragraph (8)(c); and (e) another person with an interest in the collateral who has given a written notice to the receiver of that person's interest in the collateral before the notice of disposition is given to the debtor. (12) A notice under subsection (11) shall contain (a) a description of the collateral; (b) a statement that the collateral shall be disposed of unless it is redeemed; and (c) a statement of the date, time and place of a sale by public auction, or the place to which closed tenders may be delivered and the date after which closed tenders shall not be accepted, or the date after which any private disposition of the collateral is to be made. (13) A notice under subsection (8) or (11) may be given in accordance with section 70 or, where it is to be given to a person who has registered a financing statement or a notice of judgment, by registered mail addressed to the address of that person that was registered as part of the financing statement or notice of judgment. (14) The secured party may purchase the collateral or a part of it but only at a public sale, including public auction or closed tender, and only for a price that bears a reasonable relationship to the market value of the collateral. (15) Where a secured party disposes of collateral to a purchaser for value and in good faith who takes possession of it, the purchaser acquires the collateral, whether or not the requirements of this section have been complied with by the secured party, free from (a) the interest of the debtor; (b) an interest subordinate to that of the debtor; (c) an interest subordinate to that of the secured party, and all obligations secured by the subordinate interests are considered to be performed for the purpose of sections 50 and 51. (16) Subsection (15) does not affect the rights of a person with a security interest that is considered by section 75 to be registered under this Act where the person has not been given a notice under this section. (17) A person who is liable to a secured party under a guarantee, endorsement, covenant, repurchase agreement or the like and who receives a transfer of collateral from the secured party or who is subrogated to the rights of the secured party has thereafter the rights and duties of the secured party, and the transfer of collateral is not a disposition of the collateral. (18) Notice under subsection (8) or (11) need not be given if (a) the collateral is perishable; (b) the secured party believes on reasonable grounds that the collateral shall decline substantially in value if not disposed of immediately after default; (c) the cost of care and storage of the collateral is disproportionately large relative to its value; (d) the collateral is of a type that is customarily sold on an organized market that handles large volumes of transactions between many different sellers and many different buyers; (e) the collateral is money, other than a medium of exchange authorized by the Parliament of Canada as part of the currency of Canada; or (f) for another reason, the court, on an application made without notice to another person, is satisfied that a notice is not required; or (g) after default, every person entitled to receive a notice of disposition under subsection (8) or (11) consents in writing to the immediate disposition of the collateral. 1998 cP-7.1 s60 Back to Top Surplus or deficiency after disposition 61. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Where a security agreement secures an indebtedness and the secured party has dealt with the collateral under section 58, or has disposed of it, the secured party shall account for a surplus and shall, subject to section 150 of the Judgment Enforcement Act and to subsection (5) of this section or the agreement otherwise of all interested persons, pay a surplus in the following order to (a) a creditor or person with a security interest in the collateral whose security interest is subordinate to that of the secured party and (i) who has registered, before the distribution of the surplus, a financing statement that includes the name of the debtor or that includes the serial number of the collateral if the collateral is goods of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods, or (ii) whose security interest was perfected by possession when the secured party seized or repossessed the collateral; (b) another person with an interest in the surplus who has given a written notice to the secured party of that person's interest before the distribution of the surplus; and (c) the debtor and another person who is known by the secured party to be an owner of the collateral. (3) The priority of the claim of a person referred to in subsection (2) shall not be prejudiced by payment to anyone in accordance with that subsection. (4) Within 30 days after receipt of a written request for an accounting from a person referred to in subsection (2), the secured party shall give to that person a written accounting of (a) the amount received from the disposition of collateral or an amount collected under section 58; (b) the manner in which the collateral was disposed of; (c) the amount of expenses as provided in paragraphs 18(3)(a) and 60(3)(a) and subsection 58(4); (d) the distribution of the amount received from the disposition or collection; and (e) the amount of a surplus. (5) Where there is a question as to who is entitled to receive payment under subsection (2), the secured party may pay the surplus into the court and the surplus shall not be paid out except on an application under section 68 by a person claiming an entitlement to it. (6) Unless otherwise agreed, or unless otherwise provided in this or another Act, the debtor is liable to pay a deficiency to the secured party. 1998 cP-7.1 s61 Back to Top Right to retain collateral 62. (1) After default, the secured party may propose to take the collateral in satisfaction of the obligation secured by it, and shall give notice of the proposal to (a) the debtor or another person who is known by the secured party to be an owner of the collateral; (b) a creditor or person with a security interest in the collateral whose security interest is subordinate to that of the secured party and (i) who has registered, before the notice of the proposal is given to the debtor, a financing statement that includes the name of the debtor or that includes the serial number of the collateral if the collateral is goods of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods, or (ii) whose security interest was perfected by possession when the secured party seized or repossessed the collateral; (c) a judgment creditor whose interest in the collateral is subordinate to that of the secured party and who has registered, before the notice of the proposal is given to the debtor, a notice of judgment that includes the name of the debtor or that includes the serial number of the collateral if the collateral is goods of a kind that are prescribed as serial numbered goods; and (d) another person with an interest in the collateral who has given a written notice to the secured party of that person's interest before the notice of the proposal is given to the debtor. (2) Where the interest in the collateral of a person entitled to a notice under subsection (1) would be adversely affected by the secured party's proposal, that person may give to the secured party a notice of objection within 15 days after the notice under subsection (1) is given. (3) Subject to subsections (6) and (7), where a notice of objection is given under subsection (2), the secured party shall dispose of the collateral under section 60. (4) Where no notice of objection is given under subsection (2), the secured party (a) is considered, on the expiry of the 15 day period or periods referred to in subsection (2), to have irrevocably elected to take the collateral in satisfaction of the obligation secured by it; and (b) is entitled to hold or dispose of the collateral free from all rights and interests of the debtor and a person entitled to receive a notice under paragraph (1)(b) or (c) who has been given the notice, and all obligations secured by those interests are considered to have been performed for the purpose of sections 50 and 51. (5) A notice of a proposal under subsection (1) and a notice of objection under subsection (2) may be given in accordance with section 70 or, where the notice is to be given to a person who has registered a financing statement or a notice of judgment, by registered mail addressed to the address of that person that was registered as part of the financing statement or notice of judgment. (6) The secured party may require a person who has made an objection to the proposal to furnish proof of that person's interest in the collateral and, unless the person furnishes the proof within 10 days after the secured party's request, the secured party may proceed as if no objection had been made by that person. (7) On application by a secured party, the court may determine that an objection to the proposal of a secured party is ineffective because (a) the person made the objection for a purpose other than the protection of an interest in the collateral or in the proceeds of a disposition of the collateral; or (b) the market value of the collateral is less than the total amount owing to the secured party together with the estimated expenses recoverable under paragraph 60(3)(a). (8) Where a secured party disposes of collateral to a purchaser for value and in good faith who takes possession of it, the purchaser acquires the collateral, whether or not the requirements of this section have been complied with by the secured party, free from (a) the interest of the debtor and the secured party; and (b) an interest subordinate to that of the debtor and the secured party, and all obligations secured by the subordinate interests are considered to have been performed for the purpose of sections 50 and 51. (9) Subsection (8) does not affect the rights of a person with a security interest that is considered by section 75 to be registered under this Act if the person has not been given a notice under subsection (1). 1998 cP-7.1 s62 Back to Top Redemption of collateral agreement 63. (1) In subsection (2) "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Before the secured party has disposed of the collateral or contracted for its disposition under section 60, or before the secured party is considered to have irrevocably elected to retain the collateral under section 62, a person entitled to receive a notice of disposition under subsection 60(8) or (11) may redeem the collateral, unless that person has otherwise agreed in writing after default, by tendering fulfilment of the obligations secured by the security interest, together with a sum equal to the reasonable expenses referred to in paragraph 60(3)(a) to the extent that those expenses have actually been incurred by the secured party. (3) Where more than one person elects to redeem under subsection (2), the priority of their rights to redeem is the same as the priority of their respective interests. (4) Before the secured party has disposed of the collateral or contracted for its disposition under section 60, or before the secured party is considered to have irrevocably elected to retain the collateral under section 62, the debtor, other than a guarantor or indemnitor, may reinstate the security agreement, unless the debtor has otherwise agreed in writing after default, by (a) paying the sum actually in arrears, exclusive of the operation of an acceleration clause in the security agreement; (b) curing another default by reason of which the secured party intends to dispose of the collateral; and (c) paying a sum equal to the reasonable expenses referred to in paragraph 60(3)(a) to the extent that those expenses have actually been incurred by the secured party. (5) Unless otherwise agreed, the debtor is not entitled to reinstate a security agreement (a) more than twice, if the security agreement provides for payment in full by the debtor within 12 months after value was given by the secured party; (b) more than twice each year, if the security agreement provides for payment by the debtor during a period of time of more than one year after value was given by the secured party. 1998 cP-7.1 s63 Back to Top Supervisory powers of the court 64. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) On application by a debtor, a creditor of a debtor, a secured party, a sheriff or a person with an interest in the collateral, the court may (a) make an order, including a binding declaration of a right and injunctive relief, that is necessary to ensure compliance with this Part or sections 18, 37, 38 and 39; (b) give directions to a person regarding the exercise of rights or the discharge of obligations under this Part or sections 18, 37, 38 and 39; (c) relieve a person from compliance with the requirements of this Part or sections 18, 37, 38 and 39; (d) stay enforcement of rights provided in this Part or sections 18, 37, 38 and 39; or (e) make an order necessary to ensure protection of the collateral or of the interest of a person in the collateral. 1998 cP-7.1 s64 Back to Top Receiverships 65. (1) A security agreement may provide for the appointment of a receiver and, except as provided in this or another Act, may provide for the receiver's rights and duties. (2) A receiver shall (a) take custody and control of the collateral in accordance with the security agreement or order under which the receiver was appointed, but unless appointed a receiver-manager or unless the court orders otherwise, shall not carry on the business of the debtor; (b) as soon as possible and not later than 10 days after becoming a receiver, register a notice in the registry in accordance with the regulations disclosing the appointment and specifying an office in the province where the records referred to in paragraph (d) shall be maintained; (c) open and maintain, in the receiver's name as receiver, one or more accounts at a bank, credit union or similar financial institution for the deposit of all money coming under the receiver's control as receiver; (d) keep records, in accordance with accepted accounting practices, of all receipts, expenditures and transactions involving collateral or other property of the debtor; (e) unless a different interim period is ordered by the court, prepare at least once in every 6 month period after the date of the appointment financial statements of the receivership administration; (f) indicate on every business letter, invoice, contract or similar document used or executed in connection with the receivership that the receiver is acting as a receiver; (g) on completion of the receiver's duties as receiver, prepare a final report and final statement of the financial accounts of the receivership administration and send copies immediately to the debtor and, if the debtor is a corporation, to the directors of the debtor; and (h) on termination of the receivership, discharge the registration under paragraph (b). (3) The debtor, and where the debtor is a corporation, a director of the debtor, or the authorized representative of any of them, may require the receiver, by a demand in writing delivered to the receiver, to make available for inspection the records referred to in paragraph (2)(d) during regular business hours at the office of the receiver specified in accordance with paragraph (2)(b). (4) The debtor, and where the debtor is a corporation, a director of the debtor, the sheriff, a person with an interest in the collateral in the custody or control of the receiver, or the authorized representative of any of them, may require the receiver, by a demand in writing delivered to the receiver, to provide copies of the financial statements referred to in paragraph (2)(e) or the final report and final statements referred to in paragraph (2)(g) or to make them available for inspection during regular business hours at the office of the receiver specified in accordance with paragraph (2)(b). (5) The receiver shall comply with a demand under subsection (3) or (4) within 10 days after receipt of the demand. (6) The receiver may require the payment in advance of a fee in the amount prescribed for each demand, but the sheriff and the debtor, or, where the debtor is a corporation, a director of the debtor, are entitled to inspect or to receive a copy of the financial statements and final account without charge. (7) On application by an interested person, the court may (a) appoint a receiver; (b) remove, replace or discharge a receiver, whether appointed by the court or in accordance with a security agreement; (c) give directions on a matter relating to the duties of a receiver; (d) approve the accounts and fix the remuneration of a receiver; (e) notwithstanding anything contained in a security agreement or other document providing for the appointment of a receiver, make an order requiring a receiver or a person by or on behalf of whom the receiver is appointed to make good a default in connection with the receiver's custody, management or disposition of the collateral of the debtor or to relieve the person from a default on the terms the court thinks appropriate; and (f) exercise with respect to receivers appointed in accordance with a security agreement the jurisdiction that it has over receivers appointed by the court. (8) The powers referred to in subsection (7) and in section 64 are in addition to any other powers the court may exercise in its jurisdiction over receivers. (9) Unless the court orders otherwise, a receiver is required to comply with sections 60 and 61 only when the receiver deals with or disposes of the collateral other than in the course of operating the business of a debtor. 1998 cP-7.1 s65 PART VI GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS Back to Top Supplementary law 66. (1) The principles of the common law, equity and the law merchant, except where they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, supplement this Act and continue to apply. (2) All rights and obligations arising under a security agreement, under this Act or under any other applicable law shall be exercised and discharged in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner. (3) A person does not act in bad faith merely because the person acts with knowledge of the interest of some other person. 1998 cP-7.1 s66 Back to Top Action for damages 67. (1) In this section "secured party" includes a receiver. (2) Where a person fails, without reasonable excuse, to discharge any obligations imposed on the person by this Act, the person to whom the obligation is owed has a right to recover loss or damage that was reasonably foreseeable as likely to result from the failure. (3) Where a secured party fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with obligations (a) in subsection 44(11) or section 50 or 51; or (b) in section 18, 19, 60, 61 or 62 and the collateral is consumer goods, the debtor, or, in a case of non-compliance with subsection 44(11) or section 50 or 51, the person named as debtor in a financing statement, is considered to have suffered damages not less than the amount prescribed by regulation. (4) Where the debtor or other person with an interest in land or collateral causes the registration of a notice referred to in subsection 50(12) or registers a financing statement referred to in subsection 51(5) without authority under those subsections and without reasonable excuse, the secured party referred to in those subsections are considered to have suffered damages not less than the amount prescribed by regulation. (5) In an action for a deficiency, the debtor may raise as a defence the failure of the secured party to comply with obligations in section 18, 19, 60 or 61, but non-compliance shall limit the right to the deficiency only to the extent that it has affected the debtor's ability to protect the debtor's interest in the collateral or has made the accurate determination of the deficiency impracticable. (6) Where a secured party fails to comply with obligations in section 18, 19, 60 or 61, the onus is on the secured party to show that the failure (a) where the collateral is consumer goods, did not affect the debtor's ability to protect the debtor's interest in the collateral by redemption or reinstatement of the security agreement, or otherwise; and (b) did not make the accurate determination of the deficiency impracticable. (7) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, a provision in a security agreement or other agreement is void if it purports to exclude an obligation or an onus imposed by this Act or purports to limit the liability of or the amount of damages recoverable from a person who has failed to discharge an obligation imposed by this Act. 1998 cP-7.1 s67 Back to Top Application to court 68. On application by an interested person, the court may make one or all of the following orders: (a) an order determining questions of priority or entitlement to collateral; (b) an order directing an action to be brought or an issue to be tried; (c) an order extending or abridging, conditionally or otherwise, the time periods for compliance specified in section 12, subsections 37(18), 39(16) and 44(11) or in Part V. 1998 cP-7.1 s68 Back to Top Appeal 69. An appeal lies to the Court of Appeal from an order, judgment or direction of the court made under this Act. 1998 cP-7.1 s69 Back to Top Service of notice 70. (1) A verification statement under subsection 44(11) and a notice or a demand under this Act, other than a demand under section 19, may be given to (a) an individual, by leaving it with the individual or by sending it by registered mail addressed to (i) the individual by name at the individual's residence, or (ii) if the individual is the sole proprietor of a business, the individual by name at the address of the business; (b) a partnership (i) by leaving it with (A) one or more of the general partners, or (B) a person who has control or management of the partnership business when the notice or demand is delivered, or (ii) by sending it by registered mail addressed to (A) the partnership, (B) one or more of the general partners, or (C) a person who has control or management of the partnership business when the notice or demand is given at the address of the partnership business; (c) a corporation, other than a municipality, (i) by leaving it with an officer or director of the corporation or person in charge of an office or place of business of the corporation, or (ii) by leaving it, or by sending it by registered mail addressed to the corporation, at its registered or head office; (d) a municipality (i) by leaving it with the mayor, deputy mayor, clerk or any solicitor of the municipality, or (ii) by sending it by registered mail addressed to the municipality, or to the mayor, deputy mayor, clerk or a solicitor of the municipality, at the principal office of the municipality; (e) an unincorporated association (i) by leaving it with an officer of the association or person in charge of an office or premises occupied by the association, or (ii) by sending it by registered mail addressed to an officer of the association at the address of the officer; and (f) the Crown in accordance with the Proceedings Against the Crown Act . (2) A notice or demand sent by registered mail is considered to be given (a) when the addressee actually receives the notice or demand; or (b) except when postal services are not functioning, on the expiry of 10 days after the date of registration, whichever is earlier. 1998 cP-7.1 s70 Back to Top Conflicts between legislation 71. (1) Where there is a conflict between a provision of this Act and a provision for the protection of consumers in another Act, the provision of that Act prevails. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this or another Act, where there is a conflict between a provision of this Act and a provision of another Act other than an Act for the protection of consumers, the provision of this Act prevails. 1998 cP-7.1 s71 Back to Top Regulations 72. (1) The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may make regulations (a) prescribing the kinds of goods the lease of which are not within the scope of this Act; (b) prescribing duties and powers of the registrar; (c) respecting the registry and its operation, including the location and hours of the offices of the registry; (d) respecting matters relating to fees payable in relation to registrations, searchers or another matter under this Act or the regulations, and the manner of payment of fees which the minister may set; (e) respecting the data to be entered in the registry to effect, renew, discharge or otherwise amend a registration authorized by this Act and other matters relating to registrations under this Act; (f) respecting the data to be entered in the registry to effect, renew, discharge or otherwise amend the registration of interests or notices authorized by another Act to be registered in the registry and other matters relating to those interests or notices and their registration, including the application of a provision of this Act or the regulations; (g) respecting the form, content and manner of use of notices under this Act, including notices authorized to be registered in the Registry of Deeds; (h) respecting the description of collateral, including proceeds collateral, that is to be included in financing statements and financing change statements and prescribing the kinds of goods that shall be described in part by serial number and the kinds of goods that shall be described in part by serial number and the requirements of a description by serial number; (i) respecting the time, place and all other matters relating to searches of the registry, including the method of disclosure and the form of search results; (j) respecting any matters relating to the form, use and manner of obtaining printed or electronic verification statements or notices of a registration; (k) prescribing abbreviations, expansions or symbols that may be used in search results and in financing statements, financing change statements or other data authorized by this Act or the regulations to be entered in the registry to effect a registration; (l) respecting the length of time during which a registration is to be effective and the manner in which the period of time is to be specified; (m) respecting re-registrations under subsection 36(7); (n) prescribing, for the purpose of subsection 55(1), the maximum total amount recoverable in a single action under section 53 and the maximum total amount recoverable for all claims in a single action under section 54; (o) prescribing amounts for the purpose of subsections 19(16), 65(6), 67(3) and 67(4); (p) respecting a matter relating to an agreement entered into by the registrar under subsection 44(2) including the rights and obligations of the parties to an agreement; (q) defining a word or expression used in this Act but not defined in this Act, and redefining, for the purpose of the registration of interests or notices authorized by another Act to be registered in the registry, a word or expression defined in this Act; and (r) prescribing a matter required or authorized by this Act to be prescribed. (2) A regulation made under subsection (1) may be made in respect of different persons, transactions, classes of persons or classes of transactions. (3) A power to make a regulation under this section includes the power to make regulations in respect of any interests or notices that are authorized under an Act, other than this Act, to be registered in the registry and the registration of those interests or notices, and the provisions of this section shall be read, with the necessary changes, to achieve this purpose. 1998 cP-7.1 s72 PART VII TRANSITIONAL, ETC. Back to Top Transitional 73. (1) A reference to the Assignment of Book Debts Act , the Bills of Sale Act , the Conditional Sales Act , the Registration of Deeds Act or in another Act, in a regulation other than a regulation under this Act or in an agreement or other writing that relates to a security interest is considered to be a reference to this Act or to the corresponding provisions of this Act. (2) A reference to a bill of sale, chattel mortgage, conditional sales contract, fixed charge, floating charge, pledge or assignment of book debts or the like, or a derivative of these terms, or to another agreement or transaction that creates or provides for a security interest in an Act other than this Act, in a regulation other than a regulation under this Act, or in an agreement or other writing is considered to be a reference to the corresponding kind of security agreement under this Act. 1998 cP-7.1 s73 Back to Top Transitional application of PPSA 74. (1) In this section and sections 75 and 76 (a) "prior law" means the law in force immediately before the commencement of this Act and includes prior registration law; (b) "prior registration law" means the Assignment of Book Debts Act , the Bills of Sale Act , the Conditional Sales Act and the Registration of Deeds Act where that Act provided for the registration of a security interest or security agreement, as they read immediately before the commencement of this Act; and (c) "prior security interest" means an interest created by or provided for under a valid security agreement or other transaction entered into before the commencement of this Act that is a security interest within the meaning of this Act and to which this Act would have applied if it had been in force when the security agreement or other transaction was entered into. (2) Except as otherwise provided, this Act applies (a) to every security agreement entered into after the commencement of this Act, including an agreement that renews, extends or consolidates an agreement that renews, extends or consolidates an agreement entered into before the commencement of this Act; (b) to every security agreement entered into before the commencement of this Act that has not been validly terminated in accordance with prior law before the commencement of this Act; (c) to every prior security interest that is not enforced or otherwise validly terminated in accordance with prior law before the commencement of this Act; and (d) to a receiver appointed before or after the commencement of this Act. (3) Sections 11 and 12 do not apply to a security agreement referred to in paragraph (2)(b). (4) The validity of a prior security interest is governed by prior law. (5) The order of priorities (a) between prior security interests is determined by prior law, if all the competing security interests arose under security agreements entered into before the commencement of this Act; and (b) between a prior security interest and the interest of a third party is determined by prior law, if the third party interest arose before the commencement of this Act and the security interest arose under a security agreement entered into before the commencement of this Act. (6) Subject to subsection (3) and section 75, the order of priorities (a) between a security interest arising after the commencement of this Act and a prior security interest is determined by this Act; and (b) between a security interest arising after the commencement of this Act and the interest of a third party arising before the commencement of this Act is determined by this Act. (7) Notwithstanding the commencement of this Act and the repeal of prior registration law, prior law is considered to continue in force and registrations made under prior registration law shall remain searchable to the extent necessary to give effect to this section and section 75. 1998 cP-7.1 s74 Back to Top Transitional perfection of prior security interests 75. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a prior security interest that on the commencement of this Act is covered by an unexpired registration under prior registration law is considered to have been registered and perfected under this Act as of the time of registration under prior registration law. (2) Subject to this Act, the registered and perfected status of a prior security interest referred to in subsection (1), other than a prior security interest referred to in subsection (3), continues only for the unexpired portion of the registration period but may be further continued by registration in accordance with this Act if the prior security interest could have been perfected by registration under this Act had the security interest attached after the commencement of this Act. (3) The registered and perfected status of a prior security interest that, on the commencement of this Act, is covered by an unexpired registration under the prior registration law continues only for 2 years after the commencement of this Act but may be further continued by registration in accordance with this Act if the prior security interest could have been perfected by registration under this Act had the security interest attached after the commencement of this Act. (4) A prior security interest is covered by an unexpired registration under prior registration law within the meaning of subsections (1) to (3) only if the requirements of prior registration law were complied with and regardless of whether or not the requirements for perfection of the security interest under this Act would have been met had the registration been made under this Act. (5) A prior security interest that under prior law had the status of a perfected security interest without registration and without the secured party taking possession of the collateral is considered to be perfected under this Act as of the time the security interest was created. (6) The perfected status of a prior security interest referred to in subsection (5) continues only for 2 years after the commencement of this Act but may be further continued by perfection in accordance with this Act if the prior security interest could have been perfected under this Act had the security interest attached after the commencement of this Act. (7) For the purpose of subsection (5), a prior security interest had the status of a perfected security interest under prior law if the secured party complied with the prior law relating to the creation and continuance of the security interest and the security interest had a status under prior law similar to that of an equivalent security interest created and perfected under this Act in relation to the interest of other secured parties, buyers, creditors of the debtor or a trustee in bankruptcy of the debtor. (8) A prior security interest in the form of an assignment of existing or future debts to which the Assignment of Book Debts Act did not apply is considered to be perfected (a) for the purpose of section 76 as of the time the security interest was created; and (b) for all other purposes under this Act as of the time notice of the assignment is given to the account debtor. (9) The perfected status of a prior security interest referred to in subsection (8) continues only for 2 years after the commencement of this Act but may be continued by perfection in accordance with this Act if the prior security interest could have been perfected under this Act had the security interest attached after the commencement of this Act. (10) A prior security interest that, on the commencement of this Act, could have been but was not (a) registered under prior registration law; or (b) perfected under prior law through possession of the collateral by the secured party, may be perfected in accordance with this Act if it is a security interest that could have been perfected under this Act had the security interest attached after the commencement of this Act. (11) A prior security interest that under this Act may be perfected by the secured party taking possession of the collateral is considered to be perfected for the purpose of this Act when possession of the collateral is taken in accordance with section 25 whether or not possession was taken before or after the commencement of this Act and notwithstanding that under prior law the security interest could not have been perfected by taking possession of the collateral. (12) A prior security interest that, on the commencement of this Act, is covered by an unexpired registration under prior registration law but that has the status of a perfected security interest under this Act without registration or the secured party taking possession of the collateral, remains perfected under this Act. (13) A prior security interest that, on the commencement of this Act, could have been, but was not, covered by a registration under prior registration law but that, under this Act, may be perfected without registration or the secured party taking possession of the collateral, is perfected under this Act if all of the requirements for perfection of a security interest under this Act are met. (14) Where the perfection of a prior security interest that is considered registered or perfected under this section is continued by registration under this Act, (a) registration under this Act continues a registration or perfected status under prior law for the purpose of subsection 74(5); and (b) the registration supersedes a registration or perfection under prior law. 1998 cP-7.1 s75 ; 1999 c22 s19 Back to Top Transition re: Securities Transfer Act 75.1 (1) The provisions of the Securities Transfer Act, including amendments made to this Act by section 110 of that Act do not affect an action or proceeding commenced before the coming into force of the Securities Transfer Act . (2) No further action is required to continue perfection of a security interest in a security if, (a) the security interest in the security was a perfected security interest immediately before the coming into force of the Securities Transfer Act ; and (b) the action by which the security interest was perfected would suffice to perfect the security interest under this Act. (3) A security interest in a security remains perfected for a period of 4 months after the coming into force of section 110 of the Securities Transfer Act and continues to be perfected after that 4 month period where appropriate action to perfect the security interest under this Act is taken within that period if, (a) the security interest in the security was a perfected security interest immediately before the coming into force of section 110 of the Securities Transfer Act ; but (b) the action by which the security interest was perfected would not suffice to perfect the security interest under this Act. (4) A financing statement or financing change statement may be registered under this Act within the 4 month period referred to in subsection (3) to continue that perfection, or after that 4 month period to perfect the security interest, if, (a) the security interest was a perfected security interest immediately before the coming into force of section 110 of the Securities Transfer Act ; and (b) the security interest can be perfected by registration under this Act. 2007 cS-13.01 s110 Back to Top Order of priorities 76. (1) The order of priorities between a notice of judgment or notice of attachment in force immediately before the commencement of this Act and a prior security interest shall be determined in accordance with prior law.

(2) For the purpose of subsection (1), the priority of a prior security interest continues only for the period that it has the status of a perfected security interest under section 75. (3) The order of priorities between a notice of judgment or notice of attachment in force immediately before the commencement of this Act and an interest in serial numbered goods, other than a prior security interest, acquired before the commencement of this Act or during the period of 2 years immediately after that commencement, shall be determined in accordance with the prior law. 1998 cP-7.1 s76 Back to Top RSN1990 cC-34 Amdt. 77. Paragraph 2(1) of the Conveyancing Act is repealed and the following substituted: (l) "property" means real property and includes chattels real but does not include personal property as defined in the Personal Property Security Act ; 1998 cP-7.1 s77 Back to Top RSN1990 cE-16 Amdt. 78. The Evidence Act is amended by adding immediately after section 21 the following: Back to Top Certification of copy 21.1 A copy of a writing filed or registered under the Assignment of Book Debts Act , the Bills of Sale Act and the Conditional Sales Act may be proved in a court by the production of a copy of it certified by the person in whose office the writing is filed. 1998 cP-7.1 s78 Back to Top RSN1990 cF-2 Amdt. 79. The Family Law Act is amended by adding immediately after section 34 the following: Back to Top Matrimonial or business assets 34.1 (1) A notice of an order or a notice of a domestic contract in respect of matrimonial assets or business assets in the nature of personal property as defined under the Personal Property Security Act may be filed in the personal property registry established under the Personal Property Security Act and, where it is not filed, the order or domestic contract does not affect the acquisition of an interest in the personal property by a person in good faith without notice of the order or domestic contract. (2) Where an order or a domestic contract relates to goods that are designated by regulations made under the Personal Property Security Act as serial numbered goods and a notice does not describe these goods by serial number, the notice is considered not to be filed under subsection (1) with respect to those goods. 1999 c22 s19 Back to Top RSN1990 cI-7 Amdt. 80. The Innkeepers Act is amended by adding immediately after section 6 the following: Back to Top Lien is subordinate 6.1 A lien or baggage and property arising under section 6 is subordinate to the interest in that baggage and property of a person who has registered, before the food, accommodation or other services was furnished, a financing statement or other notice in relation to the interest under the Personal Property Security Act . 1998 cP-7.1 s80 Back to Top SN1996 cJ-1.1 Amdt. 81. (1) Paragraph 2(1)(f) of the Judgment Enforcement Act is repealed and the following substituted: (f) "chattel paper" means one or more writings that evidence both a monetary obligation and a security interest in or lease of specific goods or specific goods and accessions; (2) Paragraph 2(1)(j) of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: (j) "crops" means crops, whether matured or otherwise and whether naturally grown or planted, attached to land by roots or forming part of trees or plants attached to land, and includes trees only if they are (i) being grown as nursery stock, (ii) being grown for uses other than for the production of lumber and wood products, or (iii) intended to be replanted in another location for the purpose of reforestation; (3) Paragraph 2(1)(cc) of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: (cc) "land", except in Part III, includes (i) an interest in land, and (ii) except where the context otherwise requires a fixture, but does not include (iii) growing crops, or (iv) an interest in land that secures an obligation or an obligation that arises in connection with an interest in or lease of land; (4) Subsection 2(1) of the Act is amended by adding immediately after paragraph (oo) the following: (oo.1) "personal property registry" means the personal property registry established under the Personal Property Security Act; (5) Paragraph 2(1)(yy) of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: (yy) "security interest", with respect to personal property, means (i) an interest in personal property that secures payment or performance of an obligation, but does not include the interest of a seller who has shipped goods to a buyer under a negotiable bill of lading or its equivalent to the order of the seller or to the order of an agent of the seller, unless the parties have otherwise evidenced an intention to create or provide for a security interest in the goods, and (ii) the interest of (A) a consignor who delivers goods to a consignee under a commercial consignment, (B) a lessor under a lease for a term of more than one year, (C) a transferee under a transfer of an account or a transfer of chattel paper, and (D) a buyer under a sale of goods without a change of possession that does not secure payment or performance of an obligation; (yy.1) "serial numbered goods" means goods that are prescribed by the regulations as serial numbered goods; (6) Subsection 2(2) of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: (2) For the purpose of this Act (a) a natural person knows or has knowledge when information is acquired by the person under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; (b) a partnership knows or has knowledge when information has come to the attention of one of the general partners or a person having control or management of the partnership business under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; (c) a corporation knows or has knowledge when information, in writing, has been delivered to the corporation's registered office or attorney for service, or when information has come to the attention of (i) a managing director or officer of the corporation, or (ii) a senior employee of the corporation with responsibility for matters to which the information relates, under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; (d) the members of an association know or have knowledge when information has come to the attention of (i) a managing director or officer of the association, (ii) a senior employee of the association with responsibility for matters to which the information relates, or (iii) all members, under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it; and (e) a government knows or has knowledge when information has come to the attention of a senior employee of the government with responsibility for matters to which the information relates under circumstances in which a reasonable person would take cognizance of it. (7) Subsection 14(2) of the Act is amended by striking out the word "or" at the end of paragraph (a), striking out the period at the end of paragraph (b) and substituting a semi-colon and the word "and" and adding immediately after paragraph (b) the following: (c) the serial number of goods of a kind that are prescribed by the regulations as serial numbered goods (8) Paragraph 37(g) of the Act is amended by adding immediately after subparagraph (i) the following: (i.1) except where the context otherwise requires, a fixture, and (9) Paragraph 37(l) of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: (l) "purchase" means taking by sale, lease, discount, assignment, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, issue, reissue, gift or another consensual transaction creating an interest in property; (10) Sections 50 and 51 of the Act are repealed and the following substituted: Back to Top Notices of judgment and security interests 50. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, a security interest in personal property is subordinate to a notice of judgment that binds the property regardless of whether the security interest attached before or after the personal property became bound by registration of the notice of judgment in the registry. (2) Subject to subsections 36(5) and (6) of the Personal Property Security Act, a security interest in personal property has priority over a notice of judgment that binds the property if at the time the notice of judgment is registered in the registry (a) the security interest is perfected or registered in the personal property registry; or (b) the secured party or a person acting on behalf of the secured party has possession of the personal property under section 25 of the Personal Property Security Act. (3) A purchase money security interest in personal property has priority over a notice of judgment that bound the personal property before the purchase money security interest was registered or perfected if the security interest was registered or perfected not later than 15 days from the day that (a) the debtor, or another person at the request of the debtor, obtained possession of the collateral; or (b) the security interest attached, in the case of personal property other than goods, chattel paper, a security certificate, a document of title, an instrument or money Back to Top Priority status not affected 51. Where (a) the registration of the notice of judgment has been discharged in error or without authorization; and (b) the notice of judgment is re-registered not later than 30 days after the lapse or discharge, the discharge of the notice of judgment does not affect the priority status of the notice of judgment in relation to a competing perfected security interest that immediately prior to the discharge of the notice of judgment had a subordinate priority position, except to the extent that the competing security interest secures advances made or contracted for after the discharge and prior to the re-registration of the notice of judgment. (11) Subsection 52(2) of the Act is amended by striking out the words "interest or". (12) Subsection 52(3), (4) and (5) of the Act are repealed and the following substituted: (3) Where serial number goods that are bound by a notice of judgment are not described by serial number in the registration of that notice of judgment in the registry (a) in the case of consumer goods, a buyer, lessee or secured party who gives value for an interest in the goods acquires the interest free of the notice of judgment; and (b) in the case of equipment, a buyer, lessee or secured party who gives value for an interest in the goods without knowledge of the notice of judgment acquires the interest free of the notice of judgment (4) A sale or lease under this section may be for cash, by exchange for other property or on credit, and includes delivering goods or a document of title to goods under a pre-existing contract for sale but does not include a transfer as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of, a money debt or past liability. (13) Subsections 53(3), (4), (5) and (6) of the Act are repealed and the following substituted: (3) Any question of priorities between a notice of judgment and a security interest in a fixture or growing crop shall be determined in accordance with subsections 37(9) and 38(7) of the Personal Property Security Act. (14) Section 56 of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: Back to Top Other rights 56. A transferee of an interest or a right, other than an interest in or a right to land or personal property, bound by a notice of judgment shall have priority over a notice of judgment that binds the right if the transferee gave value and did not have knowledge of the notice of judgment at the time of the transfer. (15) Section 58 of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: Back to Top Effect of seizure 58. Subject to section 36(6) of the Personal Property Security Act, the position of a person who acquires an interest in personal property that is bound by a notice of judgment is determined by this Part regardless of whether the personal property has been seized. 1998 cP-7.1 s81 Back to Top RSN1990 cR-10 Amdt. 82. Paragraph 7(1)(e) of the Registration of Deeds Act is repealed and the following substituted: (e) a notice of security interest or discharge within the meaning of the Personal Property Security Act in the form required by the registrar; and (2) Paragraph 7(2)(a) of the Act is repealed. (3) Section 34 of the Act is repealed and the following substituted: Back to Top Interest not affected 34. (1) Subject to section 50 of the Personal Property Security Act , a person contracting or dealing with or taking or proposing to take a transfer of or an interest in land is not affected by a registration under the Personal Property Security Act , whether or not the person has notice of knowledge of the registration. (2) The fact that a person referred to in subsection (1) has knowledge of a registration under the Personal Property Security Act , or that the person could have obtained that knowledge is not evidence of fraud for the purpose of section 10. 1998 cP-7.1 s82 Back to Top RSN1990 cS-6 Amdt. 83. Subsection 60(3) of the Sale of Goods Act is repealed and the following substituted: (3) The provisions of this Act relating to contracts of sale do not apply to a transaction in the form of a contract of sale to the extent that the transaction is intended to operate as an agreement that creates or provides for an interest in goods to secure payment or performance of an obligation. 1998 cP-7.1 s83 Back to Top RSN1990 cW-2 Amdt. 84. (1) Subsection 4(1) of the Warehouser's Lien Act is repealed and the following substituted: Back to Top Requirement as to notice of lien 4. (1) Where the goods on which a lien exists were deposited not by the owner or by his or her authority but by a person entrusted by the owner with the possession of the goods, the warehouser shall within 2 months after the date of the deposit give notice of the lien (a) to the owner of the goods; and (b) a person who has an interest in the goods that secures payment or performance of an obligation and who has registered, before the date of the deposit, a financing statement relating to that interest under the Personal Property Security Act. (2) Paragraphs 5(2)(b) and (c) of the Act are repealed and the following substituted: (b) to the owner of the goods and to a person who has an interest in the goods that secures payment or performance of an obligation and who has, before the date of the deposit, registered a financing statement relating to that interest under the Personal Property Security Act ; and 1998 cP-7.1 s84 Back to Top Acts repealed 85. The following Acts are repealed: (a) the Assignment of Book Debts Act ; (b) the Bills of Sale Act ; (c) the Conditional Sales Act ; and (d) Parts I, II and III of the Security Interest Registration Act . 1998 cP-7.1 s85 Back to Top Commencement 86. This Act, or a Part or a section or subsection of this Act comes into force on a day to be proclaimed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council. (In force - Dec. 13/99) 1998 cP-7.1 s86