FIRE CODE

TABLE OF CONTENTs DIVISION A COMPLIANCE, OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONAL STATEMENTS PART 1 COMPLIANCE AND GENERAL PART 2 OBJECTIVES PART 3 FUNCTIONAL STATEMENTS DIVISION B ACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS PART 1 GENERAL PART 2 FIRE SAFETY PART 3 OUTDOOR AND INDOOR STORAGE PART 4 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS PART 5 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS PART 6 FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT PART 7 CHECKING, INSPECTION, TESTING, NOTIFICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE EMERGENCY SYSTEMS IN HIGH BUILDINGS PART 8 DEMOLITION PART 9 RETROFIT DIVISION C ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS division a compliance, objectives and functional statements PART 1 compliance and General TABLE OF CONTENTs SECTION 1.1 ORGANIZATION OF THIS CODE Subsection 1.1.1. General SECTION 1.2 COMPLIANCE Subsection 1.2.1. Compliance with this Code Subsection 1.2.2. Compliance with Division B Subsection 1.2.3. Compliance with Other Applicable Law SECTION 1.3 EXEMPTIONS Subsection 1.3.1. Exemption for Farms SECTION 1.4 TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Subsection 1.4.1. Definitions of Words and Phrases Subsection 1.4.2. Symbols and Other Abbreviations SECTION 1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS Subsection 1.5.1. Referenced Documents SECTION 1.1 organization of this code Subsection 1.1.1. General Scope of Division A 1.1.1.1. Division A contains the compliance and application provisions, objectives and functional statements of this Code. Scope of Division B 1.1.1.2. Division B contains the acceptable solutions of this Code. Scope of Division C 1.1.1.3. Division C contains the administrative provisions of this Code. Internal cross-references 1.1.1.4. If a provision of this Code contains a reference to another provision of this Code but no Division is specified, both provisions are in the same Division of this Code. SECTION 1.2 COMPLIANCE Subsection 1.2.1. Compliance with this Code Owner’s responsibility 1.2.1.1. Unless otherwise specified, the owner is responsible for carrying out the provisions of this Code. Compliance with Parts 2 and 3 1.2.1.2. Compliance with Parts 2 and 3 is required only as it relates to the use of alternative solutions as set out in Subsection 1.2.2. Subsection 1.2.2. Compliance with Division B 1.2.2.1. (1) Compliance with Division B shall be achieved (a) by complying with the acceptable solutions in Division B, or (b) by using alternative solutions that (i) will achieve the level of performance required by the applicable acceptable solutions in respect of the objectives and functional statements attributed to the applicable acceptable solutions in OFM Fire Code Supplement FCS-1, “Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to Acceptable Solutions”, (ii) do not contravene any other provision in Division B, and (iii) have been approved and implemented in conformance with Subsection 1.3.2. of Division C. (2) For the purpose of Clause (1)(b), the level of performance in respect of a functional statement refers to the performance required by the functional statement as it relates to the objective with which it is associated in OFM Fire Code Supplement FCS-1, “Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to Acceptable Solutions”. (3) The use of alternative solutions as described in Clause (1) (b) is not applicable in respect of any acceptable solutions to which objectives and functional statements have not been attributed in OFM Fire Code Supplement FCS-1, “Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to Acceptable Solutions”. Subsection 1.2.3. Compliance with Other Applicable Law Compliance with other applicable law 1.2.3.1. Compliance with this Code does not relieve the owner from compliance with other applicable Acts and regulations, and, where a requirement of an applicable Act or regulation conflicts with a requirement of this Code, the more stringent requirement prevails, unless the more stringent requirement is in this Code and this Code says that the requirement of the other Act or regulation prevails. SECTION 1.3 exemptions Subsection 1.3.1. Exemption for Farms Exemption 1.3.1.1. (1) Subject to Sentence (2) and Article 1.3.1.2., a farm building with an occupant load of not more than one person per 40 m2 of floor area during normal use and other premises on a farm used for farming purposes are exempt from the requirements of this Code. (2) Where a floor area or portion of a floor area within a farm building contains a hazardous extraction operation involving cannabis, the floor area or portion of the floor area shall comply with Articles 2.7.1.1. and 2.7.2.2., Section 2.8, Part 4, Article 5.1.4.2. and Subsection 5.14.11. of Division B. Where compliance required 1.3.1.2. (1) A farm building shall comply with Part 2 and Part 6 of Division B if it is (a) more than 600 m2 in building area or more than 3 storeys in building height, and (b) constructed on or after January 1, 2025 to meet the requirements of the Building Code, as it read on or after that day, that apply to farm buildings. SECTION 1.4 terms and abbreviations Subsection 1.4.1. Definitions of Words and Phrases Non-defined terms 1.4.1.1. (1) Definitions of words and phrases used in this Code that are not included in the list of definitions in Article 1.4.1.2. have the meanings that are commonly assigned to them in the context in which they are used, taking into account the specialized use of terms with the various trades and professions to which the terminology applies. (2) Despite Sentence (1), words and phrases may be assigned other meanings where specifically noted in another provision of this Code. Defined terms 1.4.1.2. The words and terms used in this Code that are in bold face, and either in upper and lower case or in lower case, have the following meanings: Acceptable solution means a requirement set out in Division B. (“solution acceptable”) Access to exit means that part of a means of egress within a floor area that provides access to an exit serving the floor area. (“accès à l’issue”) Agricultural occupancy means the occupancy of a building or part thereof that is located on land that is associated with and devoted to the practice of farming and is used for the purpose of producing crops, raising farm animals or preparing, marketing, storing or processing agricultural products. (“établissement agricole”) Agricultural occupancy with no human occupants means an agricultural occupancy that is not intended to be occupied by persons under normal use and is generally used for the storage of agricultural materials and by-products. (“établissement agricole sans occupation humaine”) Air-supported structure means a structure that consists of a pliable membrane that achieves and maintains its shape and support by internal air pressure. (“structure gonflable”) Alarm signal means an audible signal transmitted throughout a zone or zones or throughout a building to advise occupants that a fire emergency exists. (“signal d’alarme”) Alert signal means an audible signal to advise designated persons of a fire emergency. (“signal d’alerte”) Alternative solution means a substitute for an acceptable solution. (“solution de rechange”) Appliance means a device to convert fuel into energy, and includes all components, controls, wiring and piping required to be part of the device by the applicable standard referred to in this Code. (“appareil”) Approved means approved by the Chief Fire Official. (“approuvé”) Architect means a member or licensee of the Ontario Association of Architects under the Architects Act. (“architecte”) Assembly occupancy means the occupancy or the use of a building, or part thereof, by a gathering of persons for civic, political, travel, religious, social, educational, recreational or like purposes or for the consumption of food or drink. (“établissement de reunion”) Atmospheric storage tank means a storage tank that is designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric to 3.5 kPa (gauge). (“réservoir de stockage sous pression atmosphérique”) Attic space means the space between the roof and the ceiling of the top storey or between a dwarf wall and a sloping roof. (“comble”) Basement means a storey or storeys of a building located below the first storey. (“sous-sol”) Boiler means an appliance intended to supply hot water or steam for space heating, processing or power purposes. (“chaudière”) Breeching means a flue pipe or chamber for receiving flue gases from one or more flue connections and for discharging these gases through a single flue connection. (“collecteur de fumée”) Building means any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. (“bâtiment”) Building area means the greatest horizontal area of a building above grade within the outside surface of exterior walls or within the outside surface of exterior walls and the centre line of firewalls. (“aire de bâtiment”) Building Code means any version of the Ontario Building Code that was in force at any time since it was made under The Building Code Act, 1974, the Building Code Act of the Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1980, the Building Code Act of the Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1990, the Building Code Act, 1992 or a successor to the Building Code Act, 1992, and, where a specific version of the Building Code is referred to, that version of the Building Code. (“code du bâtiment”) Building height (in storeys) means the number of storeys contained between the roof and the floor of the first storey. (“hauteur de bâtiment”) Business and personal services occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for the transaction of business or the rendering or receiving of professional or personal services. (“établissement d’affaires”) Care and treatment occupancy means an occupancy in which persons receive special care and treatment. (“établissement de soins et de traitement”) Care occupancy means an occupancy in which special care is provided by a facility, directly through its staff or indirectly through another provider, to residents of the facility (a) who require special care because of cognitive or physical limitations, and (b) who, as a result of those limitations, would be incapable of evacuating the occupancy, if necessary, without the assistance of another person. (“établissement de soins”) Check means visual observation to ensure the device or system is in place and is not obviously damaged or obstructed. (“verification”) Chief Fire Official means the assistant to the Fire Marshal who is the Municipal Fire Chief or a member or members of the fire department appointed by the Municipal Fire Chief under Article 1.1.1.2. of Division C or a person appointed by the Fire Marshal under Article 1.1.1.1. of Division C. (“chef de la sécurité-incendie”) Chimney means a primarily vertical shaft enclosing at least 1 flue for conducting flue gases to the outdoors. (“cheminée”) Class A fire means a fire involving combustible materials such as wood, cloth and paper. (“feu de classe A”) Class B fire means a fire involving a flammable or combustible liquid, fat or grease. (“feu de classe B”) Class C fire means a fire involving energized electrical equipment. (“feu de classe C”) Class D fire means a fire involving a combustible metal. (“feu de classe D”) Class K fire means a fire involving combustible cooking media such as vegetable oils, animal oils and animal fats. (“feu de classe K”) Closed container means a container so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapour will escape from it at ordinary temperatures. (“récipient fermé”) Closure means a device or assembly for closing an opening through a fire separation, an exterior wall or an opening onto a fire escape that is required to be protected, which (a) may include a door, a shutter, wired glass or glass block, and (b) includes all components, such as hardware, closing devices, frames and anchors. (“dispositif d’obturation”) Combustible construction means that type of construction that does not meet the requirements for noncombustible construction or encapsulated mass timber construction. (“construction combustible”) Combustible dust means dust and particles that are ignitable and liable to produce an explosion. (“poussière combustible”) Combustible fibres means finely divided combustible vegetable or animal fibres and thin sheets or flakes of such materials that in a loose, unbaled condition present a flash fire hazard, and includes cotton, wool, hemp, sisal, jute, kapok, paper and cloth. (“fibres combustibles”) Combustible liquid means any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8°C and below 93.3°C. (“liquide combustible”) Compressed gas means any contained mixture or material with either an absolute pressure exceeding 275.8 kPa at 21°C or an absolute pressure exceeding 717 kPa at 54°C, or both, or any liquid having an absolute vapour pressure exceeding 275.8 kPa at 37.8°C. (“gaz comprimé”) Contained use area means a supervised area containing one or more rooms in which occupant movement is restricted to a single room by security measures not under the control of the occupant. (“zone de détention cellulaire”) Dangerous goods means products, materials or substances that are (a) regulated by the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), or (b) classified as hazardous products under the Hazardous Products Regulations, SOR/2015-17, made under the Hazardous Products Act (Canada). (“marchandises dangereuses”) Demolition means the doing of anything in the removal of a building or any material part thereof. (“demolition”) Detention occupancy means an occupancy in which persons are under restraint or are incapable of self preservation because of security measures not under their control. (“établissement de detention”) Dispenser sump means a liquid-tight container intended for installation under a dispensing unit for the collection of any internal leakage of flammable liquid or combustible liquid from the dispensing unit. (“puisard de distributeur”) Distilled beverage alcohol means a beverage that is produced by fermentation and contains more than 20 per cent by volume of water-miscible alcohol. (“boisson alcoolique distillée”) Distillery means a process plant where distilled beverage alcohols are produced, concentrated or otherwise processed, and includes facilities on the same site where the concentrated products may be blended, mixed, stored or packaged. (“distillerie”) Dwelling unit means a suite operated as a housekeeping unit, used or intended to be used by one or more persons and usually containing cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities, and includes a residential unit. (“logement”) Encapsulated mass timber construction means that type of construction in which a degree of fire safety is attained by the use of encapsulated mass timber elements with an encapsulation rating and minimum dimensions for structural members and other building assemblies. (“construction en bois d’œuvre massif encapsule”) Encapsulation rating means the time in minutes that a material or assembly of materials will delay the ignition and combustion of encapsulated mass timber elements when it is exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria. (“degré d’encapsulation”) Exit means that part of a means of egress, including doorways, that leads from the floor area it serves to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. (“issue”) Facility, for the purposes of Division A, means a property upon which a use regulated by this Code, including open air public assembly activities, open air industrial processing and outdoor storage, occurs, whether or not a building is located on the property. (“installation”) Farm building means a building or part thereof that contains an agricultural occupancy. (“bâtiment agricole”) Fire compartment means an enclosed space in a building that is separated from all other parts of the building by enclosing construction that provides a fire separation having a required fire-resistance rating. (“compartiment résistant au feu”) Fire damper means a closure that consists of a damper installed in an air distribution system or in a wall or floor assembly that is normally held in the open position and that is designed to close automatically in the event of a fire in order to maintain the integrity of the fire separation. (“registre coupe-feu”) Fire department means a group of firefighters authorized to provide fire protection services by a municipality, group of municipalities or by an agreement made under section 3 of the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997. (“service d’incendie”) Fire detector means a device which detects a fire condition and automatically initiates an electrical signal to actuate an alert signal or alarm signal and includes heat detectors and smoke detectors. (“détecteur d’incendie”) Fire-protection rating means the time in hours or fraction thereof that a closure, window assembly or glass block assembly will withstand the passage of flame when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as otherwise prescribed in the Building Code. (“degré pare-flammes”) Fire-resistance rating means the time in hours or fraction thereof that a material or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpretation of information derived therefrom as prescribed in the Building Code. (“degré de résistance au feu”) Fire separation means a construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the spread of fire. (“séparation coupe-feu”) Fire stop means a draft-tight barrier within or between construction assemblies that acts to retard the passage of smoke and flame. (“coupe-feu”) Fire stop flap means a device intended for use in horizontal assemblies that are required to have a fire-resistance rating and incorporate protective ceiling membranes and that operates to close off a duct opening through the membrane in the event of a fire. (“clapet coupe-feu”) Firewall means a fire separation of noncombustible construction that subdivides a building or separates adjoining buildings to resist the spread of fire that has a fire-resistance rating as prescribed in the Building Code and that has structural stability to remain intact under fire conditions for the required fire-rated time. (“mur coupe-feu”) First storey means the storey with its floor closest to grade and having its ceiling more than 1.8 m above grade. (“premier étage”) Flame-spread rating means an index or classification indicating the extent of spread of flame on the surface of a material or an assembly of materials as determined in a standard fire test as prescribed in the Building Code. (“indice de propagation de la flamme”) Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point below 37.8ºC and having a vapour pressure not more than 275.8 kPa (absolute) at 37.8ºC as determined by ASTM D 323, “Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)”. (“liquide inflammable”) Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid within a container gives off vapour in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid. (“point d’éclair”) Floor area means the space on any storey of a building between exterior walls and required firewalls, including the space occupied by interior walls and partitions, but not including exits, vertical service spaces and their enclosing assemblies. (“aire de plancher”) Flue means an enclosed passageway for conveying exhaust gases. (“conduit de fumée”) Flue collar means the portion of a fuel-fired appliance designed for the attachment of the flue pipe or breeching. (“buse”) Flue pipe means the pipe connecting the flue collar of an appliance to a chimney. (“tuyau de raccordement”) Fuel-dispensing station means any premises or part of premises at which flammable liquids or combustible liquids are dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, watercraft or floatplane. (“poste de distribution de carburant”) Functional statement means a function set out in Part 3. (“énoncé fonctionnel”) Furnace means a space-heating appliance that uses warm air as the heating medium and that usually has provision for the attachment of ducts. (“générateur d’air chaud”) Grade means the average level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior walls. (“niveau moyen du sol”) Guest suite means a single room or a series of rooms of complementary use providing sleeping accommodation for the travelling public or for recreational purposes in a hotel establishment. (“suite pour invites”) Hazardous extraction means a process to remove or separate a substance from a solution or mixture that involves the use of flammable liquids, combustible liquids or flammable gases as solvents in the process. (“extraction dangereuse”) Heat detector means a fire detector designed to operate at a predetermined temperature or rate of temperature rise. (“détecteur de chaleur”) Heavy timber construction means that type of combustible construction in which a degree of fire safety is attained by placing limitations on the sizes of wood structural members and on thickness and composition of wood floors and roofs, by avoidance of concealed spaces under floors and roofs and by use of approved fastenings, construction details and adhesives for structural members. (“construction en gros bois d’œuvre”) High-hazard agricultural occupancy means an agricultural occupancy containing sufficient quantities of highly combustible and flammable or explosive materials which, because of their inherent characteristics, constitute a special fire hazard. (“établissement agricole à risques très élevés”) High-hazard industrial occupancy means an industrial occupancy that contains sufficient quantities of highly combustible and flammable or explosive materials that, because of their inherent characteristics, constitute a special fire hazard. (“établissement industriel à risques très élevés”) Hotel means floor areas, a floor area or part of a floor area containing four or more suites that provide sleeping accommodation for the travelling public or for recreational purposes. (“hôtel”) Hotel establishment means a building containing a hotel and all subsidiary occupancies that are operated in connection with the hotel and includes all connected or adjacent buildings that are operated in connection with the hotel. (“établissement hotelier”) Impeded egress zone means a supervised area in which occupants have free movement but require the release, by security personnel, of security doors at the boundary before they are able to leave the area, but does not include a contained use area. (“zone à sortie contrôlée”) Individual storage area means the area occupied by piles, bin boxes, racks or shelves, including subsidiary aisles providing access to the stored products, which is separated from the adjacent storage by aisles. (“îlot de stockage”) Industrial occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for assembling, fabricating, manufacturing, processing, repairing or storing of goods and materials. (“établissement industriel”) Inspection means physical examination to determine that the device or system will apparently perform in accordance with its intended function. (“inspection”) Interconnected floor space means superimposed floor areas or parts of floor areas in which floor assemblies that are required to be fire separations are penetrated by openings that are not provided with closures. (“aire communicante”) Listed means equipment or materials included in a list published by a certification organization accredited by the Standards Council of Canada. (“répertorié”) Low-hazard industrial occupancy means an industrial occupancy in which the combustible content is not more than 50 kg/m2 or 1200 MJ/m2 of floor area. (“établissement industriel à risques faibles”) Low pressure storage tank means a storage tank designed to operate at pressures greater than 3.5 kPa (gauge) to 100 kPa (gauge). (“réservoir de stockage sous basse pression”) Lower explosive limit means the minimum concentration of vapour in air at which the propagation of flame occurs on contact with a source of ignition. (“limite inférieure d’explosivité”) Major occupancy means the principal occupancy for which a building or part thereof is used or intended to be used, and includes the subsidiary occupancies that are an integral part of the principal occupancy. (“usage principal”) Marine fuel-dispensing station means a fuel-dispensing station at which flammable liquids or combustible liquids are dispensed into the fuel tank of a watercraft or floatplane. (“poste marin de distribution de carburant”) Means of egress means a continuous path of travel provided for the escape of persons from any point in a building or contained open space to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. Means of egress includes both exits and access to exits. (“moyen d’évacuation”) Medium-hazard industrial occupancy means an industrial occupancy in which the combustible content is more than 50 kg/m2 or 1200 MJ/m2 of floor area and not classified as high-hazard industrial occupancy. (“établissement industriel à risques moyens”) Mercantile occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for the displaying or selling of retail goods, wares or merchandise. (“établissement commercial”) Minimum explosible concentration (MEC) means the minimum concentration of combustible dust suspended in air, measured in mass per unit volume, that will support a deflagration as defined by the test procedure in ASTM E 1515, “Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts”. (“concentration explosive minimale”) Noncombustible construction means that type of construction in which a degree of fire safety is attained by the use of noncombustible materials for structural members and other building assemblies. (“construction incombustible”) Objective means an objective set out in Part 2. (“objectif”) Occupancy means the use or intended use of a building or part thereof for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. (“usage”) Occupant load means the number of persons for which a building or part thereof is designed. (“nombre d’occupants”) Order means an order made under subsection 21(1) of the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997. (“ordre”) Owner means any person, firm or corporation having control over any portion of the building or property under consideration and includes the persons in the building or property. (“propriétaire”) Partition means an interior wall, one storey or part of a storey in height, that is not load-bearing. (“cloison”) Plenum means a chamber forming part of an air duct system. (“plenum”) Pressure vessel means a storage tank that is designed to operate at pressures greater than 100 kPa (gauge). (“récipient sous pression”) Process plant means an industrial occupancy where materials, including flammable liquids, combustible liquids or Class 2 gases, are produced or used in a process. (“usine de transformation”) Professional Engineer means a person who holds a licence or a temporary licence under the Professional Engineers Act. (“ingénieur”) Public amusement area means an area where the public is ordinarily invited or permitted access, either expressly or by implication, whether or not a fee is charged for entry, and includes entertainment displays or structures used on a temporary, seasonal or permanent basis. (“aire de divertissement public”) Public corridor means a corridor that provides access to exit from more than one suite. (“corridor commun”) Rack means any combination of vertical, horizontal or diagonal members that support stored materials on solid or open shelves, including both fixed and portable units. (“rayonnage”) Rapid transit station means a building or part thereof used for the purpose of loading and unloading passengers of a rapid transit system but does not include open-air shelters at street level. (“station de transport rapide”) Refinery means any process plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced from crude petroleum, including areas on the same site where the resulting products are blended, packaged or stored on a commercial scale. (“raffinerie”) Refuse storage room means a room in a building that is used for the storage of combustible refuse, including waste materials and recyclables. (“salle de stockage des déchets”) Residential occupancy means an occupancy in which sleeping accommodation is provided to residents who are not harboured for the purpose of receiving special care or treatment and are not involuntarily detained. (“habitation”) Residential unit means a suite operated as a housekeeping unit, used or intended to be used by one or more persons that contains cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities. (“unité d’habitation”) Retirement home means a retirement home regulated under the Retirement Homes Act, 2010. (“maison de retraite”) Retrofit means the minimum performance requirements for life safety for existing buildings. (“réaménagement”) Self-service outlet means a fuel-dispensing station, other than a marine fuel-dispensing station, where the public handles the dispenser. (“poste de distribution libre-service”) Self-service storage building means a building that is used to provide individual storage spaces to the public and that is open to the public only for those purposes. (“bâtiment de stockage libre-service”) Service room means a room in a building used to contain equipment associated with building services. (“local technique”) Service space means space in a building used to facilitate or conceal the installation of building service facilities such as chutes, ducts, pipes, shafts or wires. (“vide technique”) Smoke alarm means a combined smoke detector and audible alarm device that is designed to sound an alarm within the room or suite in which it is located when there is smoke within the room or suite. (“avertisseur de fumée”) Smoke detector means a fire detector designed to operate when the concentration of airborne combustion products exceeds a predetermined level. (“détecteur de fumée”) Space heater means a space-heating appliance that heats the room or space within which it is located without the use of ducts. (“poêle”) Space-heating appliance means an appliance that supplies heat to a room or space directly or indirectly or to rooms or spaces of a building through a heating system. (“générateur de chaleur”) Spill containment sump means a liquid-tight container intended to catch, retain and provide for the evacuation of any product at the time of filling. (“puisard de confinement des déversements”) Spraying area means the area that is within 6 m of a spray booth or spraying operation and that is not separated therefrom by a vapour-tight separation. (“aire de pulvérisation”) Spray booth means a power-ventilated structure that encloses or accommodates a spraying operation so that spray vapour and residue can be controlled and exhausted. (“cabine de pulvérisation”) Spray room means a spraying area on a floor area or part thereof in which an open spraying operation is confined and that is separated from the remainder of the building in which it is located by a noncombustible vapour-tight separation. (“atelier de pulvérisation”) Sprinklered (as applying to a building or part thereof) means that the building or part thereof is equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers. (“protégé par gicleurs”) Storage garage means a building or part of a building that is intended for the storage or parking of motor vehicles and that contains no provision for the repair or servicing of motor vehicles. (“garage de stationnement”) Storage tank means a vessel for flammable liquids or combustible liquids having a capacity of more than 230 L and designed to be installed in a fixed location. (“réservoir de stockage”) Storey means that portion of a building that is situated between the top of any floor and the top of the floor next above it, and where there is no floor above it, that portion between the top of the floor and the ceiling above it. (“étage”) Street means any highway, road, boulevard, square or other improved thoroughfare 9 m or more in width that has been dedicated or deeded for public use and is accessible to fire department vehicles and equipment. (“rue”) Suite means a single room or series of rooms of complementary use, operated under a single tenancy, and includes dwelling units, individual guest rooms in motels, hotels, boarding houses, rooming houses and dormitories, as well as individual stores and individual or complementary rooms for business and personal services occupancies. (“suite”) Supervisory staff means those occupants of a building who have some delegated responsibility for the fire safety of other occupants under the fire safety plan. (“personnel de surveillance”) Tank vehicle means any vehicle, other than railroad tank cars and boats, with a cargo tank having a capacity of more than 450 L mounted or built as an integral part of the vehicle, used for the transportation of flammable or combustible liquids, and includes tank trucks, trailers and semi-trailers. (“véhicule-citerne”) Tent means a shelter or structure with a covering that is made of pliable material. (“tente”) Test means the operation of a device or system to ensure that it will perform in accordance with its intended operation or function. (“essai”) Total area means the total area of all floors above and below grade, including mezzanines and penthouses, measured between the inside surfaces of exterior walls or between the inside surfaces of exterior walls and the inside surfaces of firewalls. (“superficie totale”) Transition sump means an underground liquid-tight container intended for installation where mechanical connection or transition takes place for the collection of any internal leakage of flammable liquid or combustible liquid. (“puisard de transition”) Travel distance means the distance from any point in a floor area to an exit measured along the path of exit travel, except that when floor areas are subdivided into rooms used singly or into suites of rooms and served by public corridors or exterior passageways, the distance is measured from the door of the rooms or suites to the nearest exit. (“distance à franchir”) Turbine sump means a container designed to provide access to equipment and to contain minor leakage, and installed to prevent water ingress.(“puisard de turbine”) Unstable liquid means a liquid, including a flammable liquid or combustible liquid, which is chemically reactive to the extent that it will vigorously react or decompose at or near normal temperature and pressure conditions or which is chemically unstable when subject to impact. (“liquide instable”) Vapour pressure means the pressure exerted by a liquid as determined by ASTM D 323, “Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)”. (“pression de vapeur”) Vertical service space means a shaft oriented essentially vertically that is provided in a building to facilitate the installation of building services, including mechanical, electrical and plumbing installations and facilities such as elevators, refuse chutes and linen chutes. (“vide technique vertical”) Viscosity means the resistance that a liquid offers to flow. (“viscosité”) Subsection 1.4.2. Symbols and Other Abbreviations 1.4.2.1. The symbols and abbreviations in this Code have the following meanings: cm centimetre(s) cm/s centimetre(s) per second cm2 square centimetre(s) °C degree(s) Celsius h hour(s) kg kilogram(s) kN kilonewton(s) kPa kilopascal(s) L litre(s) L/h litre(s) per hour L/min litre(s) per minute L/min/m2 litre(s) per minute per square metre lx lux m metre(s) m2 square metre(s) m3 cubic metre(s) m/s metre(s) per second m/min metre(s) per minute m3/h cubic metre(s) per hour m3/min cubic metre(s) per minute min minute(s) MJ megajoule(s) mL millilitre(s) mm millimetre(s) mm2/s square millimetre(s) per second N newton(s) ppm part(s) per million s second(s) t tonne(s) % per cent SECTION 1.5 referenced documents Subsection 1.5.1. Referenced Documents Application of referenced documents 1.5.1.1. The provisions of documents referenced in this Code apply only to the extent that they are related to fire safety matters or to the risk created by the presence of unsafe levels of carbon monoxide. Conflicting requirements 1.5.1.2. In the case of a conflict between the provisions of this Code and those of a referenced document, the provisions of this Code prevail. Secondary references 1.5.1.3. If a document in this Code refers to another document, only those portions of the second document that are specific to the subject matter are applicable. O. Reg. 213/07, Division A, Part 1; O. Reg. 150/13, s. 1; O. Reg. 194/14, ss. 1, 2; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 1-3; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 1-3; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 1, 2, 95; O. Reg. 303/25, s. 1. PART 2 objectives TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 2.1 APPLICATION Subsection 2.1.1. Application SECTION 2.2 OBJECTIVES Subsection 2.2.1. Objectives SECTION 2.1 application Subsection 2.1.1. Application 2.1.1.1. (1) The objectives set out in Table 2.2.1.1. apply only to the extent that they relate to an alternative solution as provided in Article 1.2.2.1. (2) The objectives described in this Part apply only as they relate to fire safety or to the risk created by the presence of unsafe levels of carbon monoxide. SECTION 2.2 objectives Subsection 2.2.1. Objectives 2.2.1.1. The objectives of this Code are those listed in Table 2.2.1.1. TABLE 2.2.1.1. Objectives Forming Part of Article 2.2.1.1. Column 1 Category Column 2 Objective number Column 3 Objective SAFETY OS An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of specific circumstances related to the building or facility, a person in or adjacent to the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of injury. Fire Safety OS1 An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of (a) activities related to the construction, use or demolition of the building or facility, (b) the condition of specific elements of the building or facility, (c) the design and construction of specific elements of the facility related to certain hazards, or (d) inadequate built-in protection measures for the current or intended use of the building, a person in or adjacent to the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of injury due to fire. The risks of injury due to fire addressed in this Code are those caused by: OS1.1 fire or explosion occurring OS1.2 fire or explosion impacting areas beyond its point of origin OS1.3 collapse of physical elements due to a fire or explosion OS1.4 fire safety systems failing to function as expected OS1.5 persons being delayed in or impeded from moving to a safe place during a fire emergency Safety in Use OS3 An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of (a) activities related to the construction, use or demolition of the building or facility, (b) of specific elements of the building or facility, (c) the design and construction of specific elements of the facility related to certain hazards, or (d) inadequate built-in protection measures for the current or intended use of the building, a person in or adjacent to the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of injury due to hazards. The risks of injury due to hazards addressed in this Code are those caused by: OS3.1 tripping, slipping, falling, contact, drowning or collision OS3.2 contact with hot surfaces or substances OS3.3 contact with energized equipment OS3.4 exposure to hazardous substances OS3.7 persons being delayed in or impeded from moving to a safe place during an emergency HEALTH OH An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of specific circumstances related to the building or facility, a person will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of illness. Indoor Conditions OH1 An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of an installation required by this Code, a person in the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of illness due to indoor conditions. The risks of illness due to indoor conditions addressed in this Code are those caused by: OH1.1 inadequate indoor air quality Hazardous Substances Containment OH5 An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of (a) activities related to the construction, use or demolition of the building or facility, (b) the condition of specific elements of the building or facility, (c) the design and construction of specific elements of the facility related to certain hazards, or (d) inadequate built-in protection measures for the current or intended use of the building, the public will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of illness due to the release of hazardous substances from the building or facility. Fire Protection of Buildings and Facilities OP An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of specific circumstances related to the building or facility, the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of damage due to fire. Fire Protection of the Building or Facility OP1 An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of (a) activities related to the construction, use or demolition of the building or facility, (b) the condition of specific elements of the building or facility, (c) the design and construction of specific elements of the facility related to certain hazards, or (d) inadequate built-in protection measures for the current or intended use of the building, the building or facility will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of damage to due to fire. The risks of damage due to fire addressed in this Code are those caused by: OP1.1 fire or explosion occurring OP1.2 fire or explosion impacting areas beyond its point of origin OP1.3 collapse of physical elements due to a fire or explosion OP1.4 fire safety systems failing to function as expected Protection of Adjacent Buildings or Facilities from Fire OP3 An objective of this Code is to limit the probability that, as a result of (a) activities related to the construction, use or demolition of the building or facility, (b) the condition of specific elements of the building or facility, (c) the design and construction of specific elements of the facility related to certain hazards, or (d) inadequate built-in protection measures for the current or intended use of the building, adjacent buildings or facilities will be exposed to an unacceptable risk of damage to due to fire. The risks of damage due to fire addressed in this Code are those caused by: OP3.1 fire or explosion impacting areas beyond the building or facility of origin O. Reg. 213/07, Division A, Part 2; O. Reg. 33/19, s. 4. PART 3 functional statements TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 3.1 APPLICATION Subsection 3.1.1. Application SECTION 3.2 FUNCTIONAL STATEMENTS Subsection 3.2.1. Functional Statements SECTION 3.1 application Subsection 3.1.1. Application 3.1.1.1. The functional statements set out in Table 3.2.1.1. apply only to the extent that they relate to an alternative solution as provided in Article 1.2.2.1. SECTION 3.2 functional statements Subsection 3.2.1. Functional Statements 3.2.1.1. The functional statements of this Code are those set out in Table 3.2.1.1. Table 3.2.1.1. Functional Statements Forming Part of Article 3.2.1.1. Column 1 Function Column 2 Functional Statement F01 To minimize the risk of accidental ignition. F02 To limit the severity and effects of a fire or explosion. F03 To retard the effects of fire on areas beyond its point of origin. F04 To retard failure or collapse due to the effects of fire. F05 To retard the effects of fire on emergency egress facilities. F06 To retard the effects of fire on facilities for notification, suppression and emergency response. F10 To facilitate the timely movement of persons to a safe place in an emergency. F11 To notify persons, in a timely manner, of the need to take action in an emergency. F12 To facilitate emergency response. F13 To notify emergency responders, in a timely manner, of the need to take action in an emergency. F20 To support and withstand expected loads and forces. F21 To limit or accommodate dimensional change. F22 To limit movement under expected loads and forces. F30 To minimize the risk of injury to persons as a result of tripping, slipping, falling, contact, drowning or collision. F32 To minimize the risk of injury to persons as a result of contact with energized equipment. F34 To resist or discourage unwanted access or entry. F36 To minimize the risk that persons will be trapped in confined spaces. F43 To minimize the risk of release of hazardous substances. F44 To limit the spread of hazardous substances beyond their point of release. F51 To maintain appropriate air and surface temperatures. F80 To resist deterioration resulting from expected service conditions. F81 To minimize the risk of malfunction, interference, damage, tampering, lack of use or misuse. F82 To minimize the risk of inadequate performance due to improper maintenance or lack of maintenance. O. Reg. 213/07, Division A, Part 3; O. Reg. 33/19, s. 5. division b acceptable solutions PART 1 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1.1 GENERAL Subsection 1.1.1. General Subsection 1.1.2. Records of Tests and Inspections SECTION 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AND ORGANIZATIONS Subsection 1.2.1. Referenced Documents Subsection 1.2.2. Organizations SECTION 1.1 General Subsection 1.1.1. General Notification 1.1.1.1. Where tests, repairs or alterations are made to fire protection installations, including sprinkler and standpipe systems, a procedure of notification shall be established, and the procedure shall include notifying the fire department and the building occupants where necessary for safety in the event of a fire emergency. Check, inspect and test 1.1.1.2. (1) The checking, inspection and testing of fire safety devices shall be conducted in accordance with this Code. (2) Where specific references to checking, inspection and testing of fire safety devices are not made in this Code, such devices shall be maintained to ensure they operate as per their design requirements. (3) Any appliance, device or component of a device that does not operate or appear to operate as intended when checked, inspected or tested as required by this Code shall be repaired or replaced if the failure or malfunctioning of the appliance, device or component would adversely affect fire or life safety. Subsection 1.1.2. Records of Tests and Inspections Making of records 1.1.2.1. (1) If this Code requires tests and corrective measures or operational procedures to be carried out, records shall be made noting what was done and the date and time it was done. (2) If this Code requires an inspection to be conducted in a supported group living residence or an intensive support residence regulated under the Services and Supports to Promote the Social Inclusion of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act, 2008, a record shall be made noting what was inspected and the date and time of the inspection. (3) The records described in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be retained at the building premises for examination by the Chief Fire Official. (4) Electronic records that can be made readily available to the Chief Fire Official upon request, are deemed to comply with Sentence (3).

Retention of records 1.1.2.2. (1) Subject to Sentence (2), the original or a copy of any record required by this Code shall be retained at the building to which the record relates (a) for a period of at least two years after being prepared, and (b) so that at least the most recent and the immediately preceding record of a given test or inspection are retained. (2) The initial verification or test reports for fire protection systems installed after November 21, 2007 shall be retained throughout the life of the systems, regardless of whether the systems are installed in accordance with this Code or the Building Code. SECTION 1.2 referenced documents and organizations Subsection 1.2.1. Referenced Documents Applicable editions 1.2.1.1. (1) A reference in this Code to a document set out in Table 1.2.1.A. is to the edition designated in the table. (2) Any appliance, equipment, system, installation or construction that met the requirements of this Article on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with the requirements of the edition referred to in Sentence (1). Effective date 1.2.1.2. Unless otherwise specified in this Code, the documents referenced in this Code shall include all amendments, revisions and supplements effective to January 1, 2026. Previous editions 1.2.1.3. Despite Articles 1.2.1.1. and 1.2.1.2., the Chief Fire Official may permit compliance with an edition of a document previous to that referred to in this Code if the Chief Fire Official is satisfied that compliance with the edition referred to in this Code is impractical. TABLE 1.2.1.A. Forming Part of Article 1.2.1.1. Issuing Agency Document Number Title of Document Code Reference API SPEC 5L (2012) Line Pipe 4.5.2.1.(4) API SPEC 12B (2008) Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) API SPEC 12D (2008) Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) API SPEC 12F (2008) Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) API STD 620 (2013) Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks 4.3.1.3.(1) API STD 650 (2013) Welded Tanks for Oil Storage 4.3.1.2.(1) API STD 653 (2009) Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction 4.3.1.10.(2) Table 4.4.1.2.B. API STD 1104 (2013) Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities 4.5.5.2.(1) 4.5.10.7.(6) API STD 2000 (2009) Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks 4.3.1.2.(2) 4.3.4.1.(1) API RP 1604 (1996) Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks 4.3.16.1.(1) 4.3.16.6.(1) API RP 2200 (2010) Repairing Crude Oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Product Pipelines 4.5.10.7.(6) API RP 2201 (2003) Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries 4.5.10.7.(6) ASME B16.5-2017 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard 4.5.5.3.(1) ASME B31.3-2016 Process Piping 4.5.2.1.(5) ASME BPVC-2017 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 4.3.1.3.(1) 4.5.9.5.(2) 4.5.9.6.(1) ASTM A53/A53M-18 Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless 4.5.2.1.(4) ASTM A193/A193M-17 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications 4.5.5.4. ASTM D56-16a Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester 4.1.3.1.(1) ASTM D93-18 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester 4.1.3.1.(2) ASTM D323-15a Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) 1.4.1.2. of Division A (Vapour pressure) ASTM D3278-96 Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus 4.1.3.1.(4) ASTM D3828-16a Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester 4.1.3.1.(3) ASTM E1515-14R22 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts 1.4.1.2. of Division A (Minimum explosible concentration) CCBFC NRCC-CONST-56437E 2020 National Fire Code of Canada 2020 7.3.1.2. CCME PN 1326 (2003) Environmental Code of Practice for Aboveground and Underground Storage Tank Systems Containing Petroleum and Allied Petroleum Products 4.3.16.1.(1) 4.3.16.6.(1) CFA 1990 Using the Canadian Fuels Colour-Symbol System to Mark Equipment and Vehicles For Product Identification 4.3.1.7.(1) 4.5.4.1.(3) 4.5.7.6.(1) CGA P-1 (2008) Standard for Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers 5.6.1.1.(3) CGSB CAN2-4.2-M77 Textile Test Methods 2.3.2.1.(2) CSA 6.19-01 Residential Carbon Monoxide Alarming Devices 2.16.2.1.(6) 6.3.4.7.(4) CSA B51 : 19 Boiler, Pressure Vessel and Pressure Piping Code 4.3.1.3.(2) CSA B108-18 Natural gas refuelling stations installation code 4.6.1.1.(2) CSA B139 Series:19 Installation code for oil-burning equipment 4.3.13.6. CSA B149.1-15 Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code 4.6.1.1.(2) CSA B149.2-15 Propane Storage and Handling Code 4.6.1.1.(2) CSA B306-M1977 Portable Fuel Tanks for Marine Use 4.2.3.1.(1) CSA B346-M1980 Power-Operated Dispensing Devices for Flammable Liquids 4.6.3.1. CSA B365-17 Installation Code for Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment 2.6.2.1. 2.6.2.2. CSA B376-M1980 Portable Containers for Gasoline and Other Petroleum Fuels 4.2.3.1.(1) CSA B620-14 Highway Tanks and TC Portable Tanks for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods 4.2.3.1.(1) CSA C22.2 No. 141-15 Emergency Lighting Equipment 9.9.5.5.(2) CSA C22.2 No.152-1984 (R2011) Combustible Gas Detection Instruments 5.17.3.3.(1) CSA C282-15 Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings 6.7.1.1.(1) 6.7.1.3. 9.9.5.5.(1) and (2) CSA CAN/CSA- W117.2:19 Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes 5.17.1.2. CSA Z32-15 Electrical Safety and Essential Electrical Systems in Health Care Facilities 6.7.1.1.(2) CSA Z245.1-14 Steel Pipe 4.5.2.1.(4) CSA Z305.12-06 (R2021) Safe Storage, Handling, and Use of Portable Oxygen Systems in Residential Buildings and Health Care Facilities 2.15.1.2. IMO 2012 International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code 3.3.4.8. MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, January 1, 2024 Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings 7.3.1.3.(2) NACE SP0285-2011-SG Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection 4.3.10.1.(1) NACE SP0169-2013 Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems 4.5.3.1.(1) NFPA 10-2013 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers 6.2.7.1.(1) and (2) NFPA 11-2016 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam 2.1.3.5.(3) 4.3.2.5.(2) NFPA 12-2015 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems 2.1.3.5.(3) NFPA 12A-2015 Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems 2.1.3.5.(3) NFPA 12B-1990 Standard on Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishing Systems 2.1.3.5.(3) NFPA 13-2019 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems 3.2.1.8.(1) 3.2.1.9. 3.2.2.2.(5) 3.2.2.10.(3) 3.2.3.6.(1) 3.2.4.3.(4) 3.2.5.5.(1) 3.2.7.5.(3) 3.2.7.9.(1) 3.2.7.20. 4.2.8.4.(2) 4.9.4.3.(4) 5.4.2.3. 5.4.5.1. 5.12.8.2.(1) 5.13.6.1. 6.5.1.1.(1) 9.2.5.2.(4) Table 9.2.5.A. 9.4.5.5.(2) 9.5.5.3.(2) 9.6.5.5.(2) 9.7.5.1.(1) and (4) NFPA 13D-2016 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes 6.5.1.1.(1) 9.7.5.1.(2) 9.8.5.1. NFPA 13R-2019 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height 6.5.1.1.(1) 9.4.5.5.(3) 9.5.5.3.(2) 9.7.5.1.(3) NFPA 15-2017 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection 2.1.3.5.(4) 4.3.2.5.(2) NFPA 16-2019 Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems 2.1.3.5.(4) NFPA 17-2017 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems 2.1.3.5.(3) NFPA 17A-2017 Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems 2.1.3.5.(3) NFPA 18-2017 Standard on Wetting Agents 2.1.3.5.(5) NFPA 20-2016 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection 9.4.5.5.(5) 9.7.5.1.(6) NFPA 24-2013 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances 4.9.4.3.(4) NFPA 25-2017 Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems 6.4.1.6. 6.5.1.1.(2) 6.6.1.5.(1) to (3) NFPA 30-2018 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code 4.2.7.6.(1) 4.3.16.1.(1) 4.3.16.6.(1) NFPA 30B-2019 Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products 3.2.5.2. 3.2.5.5.(1) NFPA 32-2016 Standard for Drycleaning Plants 5.14.10.1.(1) NFPA 33-2018 Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials 5.12.1.1.(2) 5.12.3.5. 5.12.8.2.(2) 5.14.4.1.(2) 5.14.6.1.(3) NFPA 37 2018 Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines 4.3.13.2. NFPA 40-2022 Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film 5.4.4.2. NFPA 40E-1993 Code for the Storage of Pyroxylin Plastic 5.4.3.3.(1) NFPA 51-2018 Standard for Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes 5.17.2.1. NFPA 55-2020 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code 5.6.1.1.(3) and (8) NFPA 68-2013 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting 4.2.9.5. 4.3.14.3. 4.9.3.1. 4.9.4.2.(1) 5.3.1.6.(2) 5.6.2.4.(1) 5.18.3.3.(2) and (3) NFPA 69 2014 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems 4.3.2.5.(2) 4.9.4.2.(1) 5.3.1.7.(2) NFPA 71-1989 Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Signaling Systems for Central Station Service 6.3.1.2.(2) NFPA 72-2019 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code 6.3.1.2.(5) NFPA 82-2014 Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment 2.6.3.1.(2) 2.6.3.2. NFPA 86-2019 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces 4.5.8.5.(2) 5.18.4.1. NFPA 91-2015 Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids 4.1.7.2.(5) 5.1.4.2.(1) 5.5.4.3.(1) NFPA 96-2014 Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations 2.6.1.12.(1) 2.6.1.13. NFPA 291-2022 Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants 6.6.6.1. NFPA 505-2018 Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation 3.4.1.1. NFPA 664-2017 Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities 5.3.2.1.(1) NFPA 705-2018 Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films 2.3.2.2. 2.9.2.1. NFPA 1142-2022 Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting 3.3.1.9.(4) NFPA 2001-2022 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems 2.1.3.5.(3) NRCan Edition 3, 2014 Special Effects Pyrotechnics Manual 5.1.1.3. NRCan Second Edition, 2010 Display Fireworks Manual 5.1.1.3. NRCC User’s Guide - NBC 1995 Fire Protection, Occupant Safety and Accessibility (Part 3) 7.3.1.2. OFM Fire Code Supplement FCS-1, February 2025 Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to the Acceptable Solutions 1.2.2.1.(1), (2) and (3) of Division A 1.3.2.2.(1) and (2) of Division C STI/SPFA SP031-2008 Standard for Repair of Shop Fabricated Aboveground Tanks for Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.10.(2) TC 2001 Standards Respecting Pipeline Crossings Under Railways 4.5.6.5.(3) UL ANSI/UL 558-1998 Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine‑Powered 3.4.2.1.(3) UL UL 2034-2008 Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms 2.16.2.1.(6) 6.3.4.7.(4) ULC ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2258:2018 Standard for Aboveground Nonmetallic Tanks for Fuel Oil and Other Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) ULC CAN/ULC-S109-14 Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films 2.3.2.1.(1) ULC ULC-S505-1974 Standard for Fusible Links for Fire Protection Service 9.5.3.7.(5) ULC CAN/ULC-S508-02 Standard for the Rating and Testing of Fire Extinguishers 6.2.2.1. ULC CAN/ULC-S524-2019 Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems 6.3.1.8. 9.9.4.12.(1) ULC CAN/ULC-S531-2019 Standard for Smoke Alarms 2.13.2.1.(3) 9.3.4.5.(3) 9.5.4.5.(3) 9.6.4.10.(3) 9.7.4.3.(4) 9.8.4.2.(3) 9.9.4.13.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S536-2019 Standard for Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems 6.3.2.2.(1) to (3) 6.3.2.4. ULC CAN/ULC-S537-2019 Standard for Verification of Fire Alarm Systems 9.9.4.12.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S540-13 Standard for Residential Fire and Life Safety Warning Systems: Installation, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance 2.13.2.1.(4) ULC CAN/ULC-S552-14 Standard for the Maintenance and Testing of Smoke-Alarms 6.3.2.6.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S553-14 Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms 9.3.4.5.(3) 9.5.4.5.(3) 9.6.4.10.(3) 9.7.4.3.(5) 9.8.4.2.(3) 9.9.4.13.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S561-13 Standard for Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems 6.3.1.2.(2) 9.7.4.1.(2) 9.7.4.2.(2) ULC CAN/ULC S601 14 Standard for Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.3.2.(1) 4.3.7.4.(2) 4.3.13.5.(1) ULC CAN/ULC S602 14 Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Fuel Oil and Lubricating Oil 4.3.1.2.(1) ULC ULC S603 14 Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.4.3.2.(4) ULC CAN/ULC-S603.1-11 Standard for External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.8.6.(1) 4.3.10.1.(1) 4.5.3.1.(1) ULC CAN/ULC-S612:2016 Standard for Hose and Hose Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.6.5.1.(1) ULC ULC S615 14 Standard for Fibre Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.8.6.(2) 4.4.3.2.(4) ULC CAN/ULC-S620:2016 Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.5.7.1.(2) 4.6.5.2.(1) ULC CAN/ULC-S633-2017 Standard for Flexible Underground Hose Connectors for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.5.6.14.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S642:2016 Standard for Compounds and Tapes for Threaded Pipe Joints 4.5.5.1. ULC CAN/ULC-S644:2016 Standard for Emergency Breakaway Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.6.5.2.(4) ULC CAN/ULC-S651:2016 Standard for Emergency Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.5.7.1.(3) 4.6.6.3.(1) ULC CAN/ULC-S652-16 Standard for Tank Assemblies for the Collection, Storage and Removal of Used Oil 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.7.4.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S653-16 Standard for Aboveground Steel Contained Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.7.4.(2) ULC CAN/ULC S655 15 Aboveground Protected Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.2.1.(7) 4.3.7.4.(2) 4.3.13.5.(2) 4.6.2.1.(3) ULC CAN/ULC-S661-10 Standard for Overfill Protection Devices for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage Tanks 4.3.1.8.(1) and (2) ULC CAN/ULC-S663-11 Standard for Spill Containment Devices for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Aboveground Storage Tanks 4.3.6.4.(4) ULC CAN/ULC-S664 2017 Standard for Containment Sumps, Sump Fittings, and Accessories for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.9.2. ULC CAN/ULC-S668-12 Standard for Liners Used for Secondary Containment of Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tanks 4.3.7.2.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S669-14 Standard for Internal Retrofit Systems for Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.10.(3) ULC CAN/ULC-S675.1-14 Standard for Volumetric Leak Detection Devices for Underground and Aboveground Storage Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.4.2.1.(5) ULC CAN/ULC S676 15 Standard for Refurbishing of Storage Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.10.(1) ULC CAN/ULC S677 14 Standard for Fire Tested Aboveground Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.3.1.2.(1) 4.3.7.4.(2) ULC CAN/ULC S679:2017 Standard for Metallic and Nonmetallic Underground Piping for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.5.2.1.(3) 4.5.6.14.(2) ULC CAN/ULC-S1001-11 Standard for Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems 6.10.1.1.(1), (2) and (4) ULC ULC/ORD-C30-1995 Safety Containers 4.1.5.8.(2) 4.2.3.1.(1) 4.2.6.4. 5.5.5.2.(2) ULC ULC/ORD-C107.12-1992 Line Leak Detection Devices for Flammable Liquid Piping 4.4.2.1.(11) 4.4.3.4.(2) 4.4.4.2. ULC ULC/ORD-C107.21-92 Under-Dispenser Sumps 4.6.3.2. ULC ULC/ORD-C410A-1994 Absorbents for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.1.6.3.(3) ULC ULC/ORD-C536-1998 Flexible Metallic Hose 4.5.6.14.(2) ULC ULC/ORD-C842-84 Guide for the Investigation of Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids 4.5.7.1.(1) ULC ULC/ORD-C1275-1984 Guide for the Investigation of Storage Cabinets for Flammable Liquid Containers 4.2.10.5.(1) Subsection 1.2.2. Organizations Abbreviations of proper names 1.2.2.1. The abbreviations in this Code for the names of organizations shall have the meanings assigned to them as follows: ANSI American National Standards Institute API American Petroleum Institute ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM ASTM International CAN Standards Council of Canada designation identifying a national standard. The number or name following the CAN designation represents the agency under whose auspices the standard is issued. CAN1 designates CGA, CAN2 designates CGSB, CAN3 designates CSA, and CAN4 designates ULC. CCBFC Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes CCME Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment CFA Canadian Fuels Association CGA Compressed Gas Association CGSB Canadian General Standards Board CNSC Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CPPI Canadian Petroleum Products Institute CSA CSA Group IMO International Maritime Organization MMAH Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers NFPA National Fire Protection Association NRCC National Research Council of Canada NRCan Natural Resources Canada OFM Ontario Office of the Fire Marshal STI/SPFA Steel Tank Institute / Steel Plate Fabricators Association TC Transport Canada UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. ULC ULC Standards O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 1; O. Reg. 150/13, ss. 2, 3; O. Reg. 194/14, ss. 3, 4; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 4-7; O. Reg. 108/18, s. 1; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 6, 7; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 3-6; O. Reg. 303/25, s. 2. PART 2 FIRE SAFETY TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 2.1 GENERAL Subsection 2.1.1. Scope and Application Subsection 2.1.2. Classification of Buildings or Parts of Buildings by Major Occupancy Subsection 2.1.3. Fire Safety Installations SECTION 2.2 FIRE SEPARATIONS Subsection 2.2.1. Major Occupancies Subsection 2.2.2. Rooms and Spaces Subsection 2.2.3. Closures Subsection 2.2.4. Encapsulation Materials SECTION 2.3 INTERIOR FURNISHING, FURNISHING AND DECORATIVE MATERIALS Subsection 2.3.1. General Subsection 2.3.2. Textile Flammability SECTION 2.4 FIRE HAZARDS Subsection 2.4.1. Combustible Materials Subsection 2.4.2. RESERVED Subsection 2.4.3. Smoking Subsection 2.4.4. Open Flames Subsection 2.4.5. Use of Hazardous Materials Subsection 2.4.6. Electrical Hazards Subsection 2.4.7. Vacant Buildings SECTION 2.5 FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS TO BUILDINGS Subsection 2.5.1. General SECTION 2.6 SERVICE EQUIPMENT Subsection 2.6.1. Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Subsection 2.6.2. Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances Subsection 2.6.3. Incinerators Subsection 2.6.4. Electrical Equipment Vaults SECTION 2.7 SAFETY TO LIFE Subsection 2.7.1. Means of Egress and Occupant Load Subsection 2.7.2. Door Hardware Subsection 2.7.3. Exit Lighting and Emergency Lighting Subsection 2.7.4. Indoor Public Amusement Areas SECTION 2.8 EMERGENCY PLANNING Subsection 2.8.1. General Subsection 2.8.2. Fire Safety Plan Subsection 2.8.3. Fire Drills SECTION 2.9 TENTS AND AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES Subsection 2.9.1. General Subsection 2.9.2. Materials Subsection 2.9.3. Fire Hazards and Control SECTION 2.10 DAY CARE CENTRES Subsection 2.10.1. Application Subsection 2.10.2. Combustible Materials Subsection 2.10.3. Staffing SECTION 2.11 INSULATION AND RE-INSULATION Subsection 2.11.1. General SECTION 2.12 COVERED MALLS Subsection 2.12.1. General SECTION 2.13 INSTALLATION OF SMOKE ALARMS Subsection 2.13.1. Application and Responsibility Subsection 2.13.2. Installation Requirements SECTION 2.14 OUTDOOR PUBLIC AMUSEMENT AREAS Subsection 2.14.1. General SECTION 2.15 PORTABLE OXYGEN SYSTEMS Subsection 2.15.1. General SECTION 2.16 INSTALLATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS Subsection 2.16.1. Application and Responsibility Subsection 2.16.2. Installation Requirements SECTION 2.17 FARM BUILDINGS Subsection 2.17.1. Fire Hazards and Control Subsection 2.17.2. Signage Subsection 2.17.3. Ambient Conditions SECTION 2.1 GENERAL Subsection 2.1.1. Scope and Application Scope 2.1.1.1. This Part provides measures for the fire safety of persons and buildings, including the elimination or control of fire hazards in and around buildings, the maintenance of certain life safety systems in buildings, the establishment of a fire safety plan in certain buildings and the installation of smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms. Application 2.1.1.2. Subject to Article 2.1.1.3., this Part applies to buildings, premises, tents, air-supported structures and outdoor public amusement areas. Exceptions 2.1.1.3. (1) Except for this Section and subject to Sentences (2) and (3), this Part does not apply to individual dwelling units. (2) Section 2.2 (Fire Separations), Article 2.4.4.4. (Open-air burning), Subsection 2.4.7. (Vacant Buildings), Section 2.6 (Service Equipment), Section 2.11 (Insulation and Re-Insulation), Section 2.13 (Installation of Smoke Alarms), Section 2.15 (Portable Oxygen Systems) and Section 2.16 (Installation of Carbon Monoxide Alarms) apply to individual dwelling units. (3) This Part applies to individual dwelling units in a supported group living residence or an intensive support residence regulated under the Services and Supports to Promote the Social Inclusion of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act, 2008. (4) A dwelling unit in which any of the following types of child care are being provided shall be treated as an individual dwelling unit for purposes of this Part: (a) home child care that meets the criteria in paragraph 1 of subsection 6 (3) of the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014, (b) unlicensed child care that meets the criteria in paragraph 2 of subsection 6 (3) of the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014, or (c) in-home services that meet the criteria in paragraph 3 of subsection 6 (3) of the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014. Subsection 2.1.2. Classification of Buildings or Parts of Buildings by Major Occupancy Classification of buildings or parts thereof 2.1.2.1. For the purpose of applying this Code, a building or part thereof shall be classified according to its major occupancy by the Chief Fire Official in conformance with the Building Code. Hazardous activities 2.1.2.2. Activities that create a hazard and that are not allowed for in the original design shall not be carried out in a building unless approved provisions are made to control the hazard. Prohibited combinations of occupancies 2.1.2.3. A building containing a major occupancy that is classified as an assembly occupancy, a care occupancy, a care and treatment occupancy, a detention occupancy or a residential occupancy shall not contain a major occupancy that is classified as a high-hazard industrial occupancy. 2.1.2.4. A farm building containing a major occupancy that is classified as an agricultural occupancy shall not contain an assembly occupancy intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts, an assembly occupancy of the arena type, a care occupancy, a care and treatment occupancy or a detention occupancy. 2.1.2.5. A farm building containing a major occupancy that is classified as a high-hazard agricultural occupancy or an agricultural occupancy with no human occupants shall not contain an assembly occupancy or a residential occupancy. Subsection 2.1.3. Fire Safety Installations 2.1.3.1. RESERVED 2.1.3.2. RESERVED 2.1.3.3. RESERVED 2.1.3.4. RESERVED Special fire suppression systems 2.1.3.5. (1) Where a special fire suppression system is installed after November 21, 2007 to comply with this Code or installed through application of good engineering practices, the system shall conform to one of the standards listed in Sentences (3) and (4). (2) If a water-based fire suppression system is not compatible with fire suppression requirements for certain types of dangerous goods, a special fire suppression system conforming to one of the standards listed in Sentence (3) is permitted to be installed in lieu of a water-based system. (3) The design and installation of a special fire suppression system that is not water-based shall conform to one of the following standards: (a) NFPA 11, “Standard for Low , Medium , and High Expansion Foam”, (b) NFPA 12, “Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems”, (c) NFPA 12A, “Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems”, (d) NFPA 12B, “Standard on Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishing Systems”, (e) NFPA 17, “Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems”, (f) NFPA 17A, “Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems”, or (g) NFPA 2001, “Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems”. (4) The design and installation of a water based special fire suppression system shall conform to one of the following standards: (a) NFPA 15, “Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection”, or (b) NFPA 16, “Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems”. (5) Wetting agents used in conjunction with water-based fire suppression systems shall conform to NFPA 18, “Standard on Wetting Agents”. (6) A hazard for which a fire suppression system has been designed shall not be increased unless the level of fire protection is also commensurately increased. (7) Operating and maintenance instructions for a special fire suppression system shall be posted in proximity to the equipment and, if manual controls are provided, shall be posted near the manual controls. (8) Valves and controls for a special fire suppression system shall be clearly marked to indicate their function and shall be accessible at all times. SECTION 2.2 FIRE SEPARATIONS Subsection 2.2.1. Major Occupancies Damaged fire separations 2.2.1.1. Where fire separations between major occupancies are damaged in a manner so as to affect the integrity of their fire-resistance rating, such damaged fire separations shall be repaired so that the integrity of the fire separations is maintained. Subsection 2.2.2. Rooms and Spaces Damaged fire separations 2.2.2.1. Where fire separations between rooms, corridors, shafts and other spaces are damaged so as to affect the integrity of their fire-resistance rating, the damaged fire separations shall be repaired so that the integrity of the fire separations is maintained. Subsection 2.2.3. Closures Damaged closures 2.2.3.1. Where closures are damaged so as to affect the integrity of their fire-protection rating, the damaged closures shall be repaired so that the integrity of the closures is maintained. Maintenance of closures 2.2.3.2. (1) Closures shall be maintained to ensure that they are operable at all times by (a) keeping fusible links and heat or smoke-actuated devices undamaged and free of paint and dirt, (b) keeping guides, bearings and stay rolls clean and lubricated, (c) making necessary adjustments and repairs to door hardware and accessories to ensure proper closing and latching, and (d) repairing or replacing inoperative parts of hold-open devices and automatic releasing devices. Operation of closures 2.2.3.3. Closures shall not be obstructed, blocked, wedged open, or altered in any way that would prevent the intended operation of the closure. Door in a fire separation 2.2.3.4. (1) A door in a fire separation shall be kept closed when not in use. (2) A door in a fire separation shall be checked as frequently as necessary to ensure that the door remains closed. (3) Sentences (1) and (2) do not apply to (a) a door designed to close automatically in the event of a fire emergency, or (b) a door for which an approved fire safety plan contains provisions for closing in the event of a fire emergency. (4) A door in a fire separation shall be inspected monthly. (5) A door opening in a fire separation and the areas surrounding the door opening shall be kept clear of anything that would be likely to obstruct or interfere with the free operation of the door. Inspection of fire dampers and fire stop flaps 2.2.3.5. Fire dampers and fire stop flaps shall be inspected annually or on an approved time schedule. 2.2.3.6.-2.2.3.8. Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 13. Subsection 2.2.4. Encapsulation Materials Damaged or removed encapsulation materials 2.2.4.1. Where encapsulation materials or an assembly of materials that provide protection for mass timber elements in encapsulated mass timber construction are damaged or removed so as to affect their integrity, the encapsulation materials or an assembly of materials that provide protection for mass timber elements shall be repaired or replaced in conformance with the Building Code so that the required encapsulation rating is restored. SECTION 2.3 INTERIOR FINISHING, FURNISHING AND DECORATIVE MATERIALS Subsection 2.3.1. General 2.3.1.1. (1) Where a building is refurbished or redecorated, interior finish materials used shall be in conformance with the Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), other interior finish materials may be approved. Moveable partitions and screens 2.3.1.2. Moveable partitions or screens, including acoustical screens, shall have a flame-spread rating equal to that required for the interior finish of the area in which they are located as determined in the Building Code. Subsection 2.3.2. Textile Flammability Flame resistance of textiles 2.3.2.1. (1) Drapes, curtains, netting and other similar or decorative materials, including textiles and films used in buildings, shall meet the requirements of CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”, when these materials are used in any (a) care and treatment occupancy and detention occupancy, (b) lobby or exit, (c) access to exit in assembly occupancies, and assembly occupancies with an occupant load of more than 100 persons, or (d) an open floor area exceeding 1500 m2 in a business and personal services occupancy, mercantile occupancy or industrial occupancy, unless the floor area is divided into fire compartments each not exceeding 1500 m2 in area and each having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Existing drapes, curtains, netting, and other similar or decorative materials, including textiles and films used in buildings which meet the requirements for a high degree of flame resistance as described in NOTE 4 of Test Method 27.1 of CAN2-4.2, “Textile Test Methods” are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) For the purposes of Sentence (2), “existing” means in place on November 21, 2007. Flameproofing treatments 2.3.2.2. Flame retardant treatments shall be renewed as often as required to ensure that the material will pass the match flame test in NFPA 705, “Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films”. SECTION 2.4 FIRE HAZARDS Subsection 2.4.1. Combustible Materials Accumulation of combustible materials 2.4.1.1. (1) Combustible materials shall not be accumulated in or around a building in such quantity or such location as to create a fire hazard. (2) Subject to Article 2.4.1.2., combustible materials shall not be accumulated in any part of an elevator shaft, ventilation shaft, means of egress, service room or service space, unless the location, room or space is designed for those materials. (3) Horizontal concealed spaces, such as crawl spaces and ceiling spaces, shall not be used for the storage of combustible materials. (4) Combustible materials shall not be stored on a roof or adjacent to any building so as to create a fire hazard to the building or its occupants. (5) Abandoned optical fibre cables and electrical wires and cables, with combustible insulation, jackets or sheaths, and nonmetallic raceways shall be removed from a plenum unless (a) they are permanently enclosed by the structure or finish of the building, (b) their removal would disturb the structure or finish of the building, (c) their removal could affect the performance of cables in use, or (d) the plenum is sprinklered. (6) Outdoor storage receptacles, such as dumpsters, used for combustible materials shall be located so that they do not create a fire hazard to buildings. (7) Despite Sentence (2), beds and stretchers that do not create an obstruction to the egress route, may be temporarily located in corridors serving patient areas in (a) private hospitals regulated under the Private Hospitals Act, and (b) public hospitals regulated under the Public Hospitals Act. Furniture in corridors or lobbies 2.4.1.2. (1) Corridors serving as access to exits for guest suites may contain solid wood or other approved furniture, provided the furniture does not create an obstruction to the egress route. (2) For the purpose of Sentence (3), “furniture” means (a) seating, (b) tables, or (c) cabinets for displaying decorative objects. (3) Corridors or lobbies serving as access to exits in residential occupancies, including retirement homes or care occupancies, may contain furniture, provided the furniture does not create an obstruction to the egress route and (a) the furniture is non-combustible, (b) the furniture is constructed of solid wood, (c) furniture is placed in groupings of no larger than 4.6 m2, with each grouping separated from any other grouping by a minimum of 3 m and (i) is in a corridor or lobby that is sprinklered, and (ii) is in a corridor or lobby equipped with smoke detectors as part of the building fire alarm system or equipped with smoke alarms installed in accordance with Sentences 2.13.2.1.(2) and (3) in the vicinity of the furniture area if the building does not have a fire alarm system, or (d) the furniture is approved. (4) Sentence (3) does not apply to corridors described in Sentence (1). Waste receptacles 2.4.1.3. (1) Materials subject to spontaneous ignition, such as greasy or oily rags, shall be deposited in a receptacle conforming to Sentence (3) or be removed from the premises. (2) Ashes shall be stored in receptacles that conform to Sentence (3) and combustible materials shall not be stored with ashes in the same receptacle. (3) A receptacle required in Sentences (1) and (2) shall (a) be constructed of noncombustible materials, (b) have a close-fitting, self-closing metal cover, (c) if the flooring material upon which it is placed is combustible, have a flanged bottom or legs not less than 50 mm high, and (d) not be placed closer than 1 m to combustible materials, except as permitted in Clause (c). Waste containers in hotels 2.4.1.4. (1) Waste containers in public washrooms and in other public areas in a hotel establishment shall be (a) approved, or (b) constructed of noncombustible material and have self-closing covers. Lint traps for laundry equipment 2.4.1.5. Lint traps in laundry equipment shall be cleaned to prevent the accumulation of lint that creates an undue fire hazard. Flammable or combustible liquid spills 2.4.1.6. Flammable liquid or combustible liquid spills in a building shall be removed immediately with an absorbent material that will not increase the hazard and shall be disposed of in a safe manner. Subsection 2.4.2. RESERVED Subsection 2.4.3. Smoking Smoking prohibited 2.4.3.1. (1) If conditions are such that smoking would create a fire or explosion hazard, smoking shall not take place except in approved smoking areas. (2) In supported group living residences and intensive support residences regulated under the Services and Supports to Promote the Social Inclusion of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act, 2008, suitable noncombustible ashtrays shall be provided where smoking is permitted. Signs 2.4.3.2. The areas where smoking is not permitted shall be identified by signs having black lettering 50 mm high with a 12.5 mm stroke on a yellow background, except that symbols of 150 mm by 150 mm may be used in lieu of lettering, or covered by instructions established under a fire safety plan and available to all persons. Subsection 2.4.4. Open Flames Open flames prohibited 2.4.4.1. (1) In a building used for a public assembly, open flames shall not be used in such quantity or manner as to create a fire hazard unless the use has been approved. (2) Open flames shall not be used in dining areas in care occupancies, care and treatment occupancies and retirement homes. (3) Despite Sentence (1), decorative and lighting devices with open flames shall not be used unless they are (a) securely supported in noncombustible holders and located and protected so that combustible materials will not come into contact with or be ignited by the flame, or (b) approved. 2.4.4.2. (1) Flaming meals or drinks shall not be served in care occupancies, care and treatment occupancies and retirement homes. (2) In assembly occupancies, flaming meals or drinks shall be ignited only at the location of serving. (3) In assembly occupancies, the refuelling of equipment used to flame meals or drinks, or to warm food, shall be carried out (a) outside the serving area, and (b) away from ignition sources. (4) A portable extinguisher with a minimum rating of 5B:C shall be located on the serving cart or table at locations referred to in Sentences (2) and (3). Devices having open flames 2.4.4.3. Devices having open flames shall be securely supported in noncombustible holders and located or protected so as to prevent accidental contact of the flame with combustible materials. Open-air burning 2.4.4.4. (1) Open-air burning shall not take place unless (a) it has been approved, or (b) the open-air burning consists of a small, confined fire that is (i) used to cook food on a grill, barbecue or spit, (ii) commensurate with the type and quantity of food being cooked, and (iii) supervised at all times. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to the use of an appliance that (a) meets the requirements of the Technical Standards and Safety Act, 2000, (b) is for outdoor use, (c) if assembled, has been assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and (d) if installed, has been installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Subsection 2.4.5. Use of Hazardous Materials 2.4.5.1. Flammable liquids shall not be used for cleaning purposes except where the cleaning is an essential part of a process. 2.4.5.2. Flammable gases shall not be used to inflate balloons. Subsection 2.4.6. Electrical Hazards Electrical wiring 2.4.6.1. Temporary electrical wiring shall not be used where it presents a fire hazard. Subsection 2.4.7. Vacant Buildings 2.4.7.1. Vacant buildings shall be secured against unauthorized entry. SECTION 2.5 FIRE DEPARTMENT ACCESS TO BUILDINGS Subsection 2.5.1. General Application 2.5.1.1. (1) This Section applies to fire access routes (a) required to be constructed under the Building Code, (b) required by municipal by-law, or (c) required by this Code. Maintaining access free of obstructions 2.5.1.2. (1) Fire access routes and access panels or windows provided to facilitate access for fire fighting operations shall not be obstructed by vehicles, gates, fences, building materials, vegetation, signs or any other form of obstruction. (2) Fire department sprinkler and standpipe connections shall be clearly identified and maintained free of obstructions for use at all times. Maintenance 2.5.1.3. Fire access routes shall be maintained so as to be immediately ready for use at all times by fire department vehicles. Signs 2.5.1.4. Approved signs shall be displayed to indicate fire access routes. SECTION 2.6 SERVICE EQUIPMENT Subsection 2.6.1. Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Application 2.6.1.1. This Subsection applies to cooking, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning equipment and their associated appliances. Solid fuel bins 2.6.1.2. Bins containing solid fuel shall be located at least 1.2 m from any appliance. Hoods, filters and ducts 2.6.1.3. (1) Hoods, ducts and filters subject to accumulations of combustible deposits shall be checked at intervals not greater than seven days, and shall be cleaned if the accumulation of combustible deposits creates a fire hazard. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to hoods, ducts or filters in an exhaust or ventilating system that serves only a single suite of residential occupancy. Chimneys, flues and flue pipes 2.6.1.4. (1) Every chimney, flue and flue pipe shall be inspected to identify any dangerous condition (a) at intervals not greater than 12 months, (b) at the time of addition of any appliance, and (c) after any chimney fire. (2) A chimney, flue, or flue pipe shall be replaced or repaired to eliminate (a) any structural deficiency or decay, and (b) all abandoned or unused openings which are not effectively sealed in a manner that would prevent the passage of fire or smoke. (3) Chimneys, flues and flue pipes that constitute a fire hazard shall be repaired or replaced in accordance with the Building Code. 2.6.1.5. Chimneys, flues and flue pipes shall be cleaned as often as necessary to keep them free from accumulations of combustible deposits. 2.6.1.6. RESERVED Operation of systems 2.6.1.7. Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, including appliances, chimneys and flue pipes, shall be operated and maintained so as not to create a hazardous condition. Disconnect switches 2.6.1.8. (1) Disconnect switches for mechanical air-conditioning and ventilating systems shall be tested at intervals not greater than 12 months to establish that the system can be shut down in an emergency. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to an exhaust or ventilating system that serves only a single suite of residential occupancy. Ventilation shafts 2.6.1.9. Ventilation shafts shall be used only for ventilating purposes. Precautions during repairs or renovations 2.6.1.10. (1) No work on ducts involving the use of hot work equipment shall be performed unless (a) the system has been shut down, (b) the duct has been cleaned of any accumulations of combustible deposits, and (c) any combustible lining and covering material that could be ignited by the work has been removed. 2.6.1.11. Precautions shall be taken, where necessary, to ensure that there is no damage to fuel supply piping or equipment that would result in fuel leakage or a fire hazard during renovations or excavations. Exhaust and fire protection systems in cooking operations 2.6.1.12. (1) A cooking operation producing smoke or grease-laden vapours shall be provided with an exhaust system and fire protection system in accordance with NFPA 96, “Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations”. (2) Despite Sentence (1), an existing exhaust or fire protection system may be approved. (3) Sentence (1) does not apply to (a) an individual suite of residential occupancy, or (b) a cooking operation producing insignificant amounts of smoke or grease-laden vapours that are controlled by other approved measures. (4) In a hotel establishment regulated by Section 9.9, a cooking operation that meets the requirements of Article 9.9.2.19. is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Maintenance of exhaust and fire protection systems 2.6.1.13. Exhaust and fire protection systems required under Article 2.6.1.12. shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 96, “Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations”. 2.6.1.14. (1) Instructions for manually operating the fire protection systems required under Article 2.6.1.12. shall be posted conspicuously in the kitchen. (2) The instructions required in Sentence (1) shall be included in the fire safety plan where such a plan is required. Subsection 2.6.2 Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances Solid-fuel-burning appliances 2.6.2.1. The installation of solid-fuel-burning appliances and equipment shall be in accordance with CSA-B365, “Installation Code for Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment”. 2.6.2.2. Solid-fuel-burning appliances and equipment shall be maintained in accordance with CSA-B365, “Installation Code for Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment”. Subsection 2.6.3. Incinerators Design, construction, installation and alteration 2.6.3.1. (1) The design, construction, installation and alteration of indoor incinerators shall conform to the requirements of the Building Code. (2) The design, construction, installation, alteration and maintenance of outdoor incinerators shall conform to NFPA 82, “Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment”, except that the flue venting an incinerator shall not serve as the chute conveying waste material to the incinerator. Maintenance 2.6.3.2. All indoor and outdoor incinerators shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 82, “Standard on Incinerators and Waste and Linen Handling Systems and Equipment”. Spark arresters 2.6.3.3. (1) Spark arresters installed in conformance with Article 2.6.3.1. shall be inspected and cleaned at intervals not greater than 12 months or more frequently where accumulations of debris will adversely affect operations. (2) Burnt-out spark arresters shall be repaired or replaced. 2.6.3.4. Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 27. Subsection 2.6.4. Electrical Equipment Vaults 2.6.4.1. Electrical equipment vaults shall not be used for storage purposes. 2.6.4.2. Electrical equipment vaults shall be kept locked so that unauthorized persons will not have access to them. SECTION 2.7 SAFETY TO LIFE Subsection 2.7.1. Means of Egress and Occupant Load Open floor areas 2.7.1.1. (1) Aisles in conformance with Sentences (2) to (4) shall be provided in every floor area in a mercantile occupancy and a business and personal services occupancy, and in a floor area or portion of a floor area containing a hazardous extraction operation, that (a) is not subdivided into rooms or suites served by corridors giving access to exits, and (b) is required to have more than one exit. (2) Every required exit shall be served by an aisle that (a) has a clear width not less than 1100 mm, (b) has access to at least one additional exit, and (c) at every point in the aisle provides a choice of two directions by which to reach an exit. (3) A subsidiary aisle with only a single direction of travel to an aisle described in Sentence (2) is permitted if it has a clear width not less than 900 mm and a length that is not greater than 7.5 m. (4) Every individual work area in a business and personal services occupancy shall be located adjacent to an aisle or subsidiary aisle. 2.7.1.2. RESERVED 2.7.1.3. RESERVED Occupant load 2.7.1.4. (1) The number of persons occupying a room or floor space in an assembly occupancy shall not exceed the occupant load for the intended use as determined in Sentence (2). (2) The occupant load for any room or floor space shall be the lower of (a) the occupant load as calculated in accordance with Sentences (3) to (7), or (b) the occupant load for which means of egress are provided as determined by the Building Code. (3) The occupant load of a floor area or part of a floor area in an assembly occupancy shall be based on (a) the number of fixed seats, or (b) the number of persons (i) for which the area is designed, or (ii) determined from Table 2.7.1.A. for occupancies other than those described in Clause (a). (4) For the purposes of this Article, mezzanines, tiers and balconies shall be regarded as part of the floor area. (5) Where fixed bench-type seats without arms are provided, the occupant load shall be based on a seat width of 450 mm per person. (6) The occupant load of a room in which a dance floor is situated shall be based on that portion of the room that is not occupied by the dance floor except where the occupant load is determined using Subclause (3)(b)(i).

(7) At no time shall the maximum occupant load determined in Sentences (2) to (6) exceed the occupant load calculated on the basis of (a) 0.60 m2 of floor space per person in dining, alcoholic beverage and cafeteria space, and (b) 0.40 m2 of floor space per person for all other uses. Table 2.7.1.A. Forming Part of Article 2.7.1.4. Type of Use of Building or Floor Area or Part Thereof Area per Person m2 Space with fixed seats See Clause (3) (a) Space with nonfixed seats 0.75 Stages for theatrical performances 0.75 Space with nonfixed seats and tables 0.95 Standing space 0.40 Stadia and grandstands 0.60 Bowling alleys, pool and billiard rooms 9.30 Classrooms 1.85 School shops and vocational rooms 9.30 Reading or writing rooms or lounges 1.85 Dining, alcoholic beverage and cafeteria space 1.10 Laboratories in schools 4.60 Exhibition halls other than those classified in mercantile occupancy 2.80 Posting occupant load 2.7.1.5. (1) When the occupant load as determined in Article 2.7.1.4. is more than 60 persons, the occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location. (2) When the occupant load has been determined using Subclause 2.7.1.4.(3)(b)(i), a permanent sign indicating the occupant load shall be posted in a conspicuous location. Nonfixed seating 2.7.1.6. (1) Nonfixed row seating in an assembly occupancy shall be arranged as described in Sentences (2) to (8). (2) Aisles leading to exits shall be provided so that there are not more than seven seats between any seat and the nearest aisle. (3) The minimum clear width of aisles shall be at least 1100 mm, except as permitted by Sentence (4). (4) Aisles required in Sentence (3) may be reduced in width to 750 mm when serving 60 seats or less, or 900 mm when serving seats on one side only. (5) Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer or exit and the width of such cross aisle, foyer or exit shall be at least the required width of the widest aisle plus 50% of the total required width of the remaining aisles that it serves. (6) The distance of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall not be greater than 30 m, except in a sprinklered floor area where the distance of travel shall not be greater than 45 m. (7) If non-fixed row seating is provided for more than 200 persons in an assembly occupancy, the seats shall be fastened in units of not less than 4 and not more than 12 seats, or each end seat abutting an aisle shall be securely fastened to the floor. (8) Seats may be arranged in a manner that does not meet the requirements of Sentence (7) where the aisle widths are increased by 50% above the requirements set out in Sentences (2) to (6), and where the maximum occupant load of the space is based on not less than 1.2 m2 of floor space per person. Maintenance and lighting for exits 2.7.1.7. (1) Means of egress shall be maintained in good repair and free of obstructions. (2) Lighting provided for illumination in exits and access to exits, including corridors used by the public, shall be maintained. (3) Despite Sentence (2), the lighting provided for illumination may be controlled by motion sensors installed in accordance with the Building Code. Fire escapes 2.7.1.8. (1) Exterior passageways, exterior stairways and fire escapes in occupied buildings shall be maintained in good repair and operational and kept free of snow and ice accumulations. (2) Where equipment is provided to melt snow or ice on exterior passageways, exterior stairways and fire escapes in an occupied building, the equipment shall be maintained in working order or alternative measures shall be taken as specified in Sentence (1). Turnstiles and checkout counters 2.7.1.9. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), turnstiles, checkout counters, railings or barriers shall not obstruct the exits or access to exits from any room, floor area or storey. (2) Checkout counters or control posts in retail outlets may be used within access to exits if there is a clear width of at least 450 mm up to a height of 914 mm. (3) If the checkout counters or control posts exceed 914 mm in height, there shall be a clear width of at least 550 mm. (4) The clear width may be less than that required by Sentences (2) and (3) if an alternative means of egress is adjacent to and plainly visible from the restricted egress. (5) Wheeled carts shall be stored after use so as not to obstruct access to exits in retail outlets where wheeled carts are used by customers. (6) Despite Sentences (1) to (5), the aggregate width of exits and access to exits shall be provided. Subsection 2.7.2. Door Hardware Door release hardware 2.7.2.1. (1) Except where permitted under the Building Code, every exit door shall be designed and installed so that, when the latch is released, the door will open in the direction of exit travel under a force of not more than 90 N, applied at the knob or other latch releasing device. (2) Approved hardware designed to release the latch and allow the door to open in the direction of exit travel when a force of not more than 90 N is applied to the hardware is required on (a) every door in an access to exit from a room or suite of assembly occupancy having an occupant load of more than 100 persons, (b) every exit door from a floor area containing an assembly occupancy having an occupant load of more than 100 persons, (c) every door leading to an exit lobby from an exit stair shaft in buildings having an occupant load of more than 100 persons, (d) every exterior door leading from an exit stair shaft in buildings having an occupant load of more than 100 persons, and (e) every exit door from a floor area containing a high-hazard industrial occupancy. (3) Every door that opens into a corridor or other facility providing access to exit from a suite or room not located within a suite shall swing (a) on its vertical axis, and (b) in the direction of exit travel where the room or suite is used or intended to be used for an occupant load of more than 60 persons or is designed for a high-hazard industrial occupancy. (4) Sentences (1) and (3) do not apply if the existing door is approved and either does not endanger life safety or is modified to provide life safety. (5) Sentences (1), (2) and (3) do not apply in rapid transit stations that comply with the Building Code or to farm buildings. Requirements for locking, latching and fastening devices 2.7.2.2. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), and unless otherwise approved, locking, latching and other fastening devices shall be such that a door can be readily opened from the inside with no more than one releasing operation and without requiring keys, special devices or specialized knowledge of the door opening mechanism on (a) every exit door, and (b) every door that is in an access to exit and that opens into or is located within (i) a public corridor, (ii) a facility that provides access to exit from a suite, (iii) a facility that provides access to exit from a room serving patients or residents in a care occupancy, care and treatment occupancy or retirement home, or (iv) a floor area, or portion of a floor area, that contains a hazardous extraction operation. (2) A door in an access to exit or an exit door may be equipped with an electromagnetic locking device that is approved or complies with the Building Code, unless the door is located in an elementary or secondary school or is an egress or exit door that serves a high-hazard industrial occupancy. (3) An egress door that serves a contained use area or impeded egress zone may be equipped with a locking device that can be released either locally or remotely in accordance with Sentences (4) to (6). (4) A locking device with a local release permitted by Sentence (3) shall be capable of being unlocked with a key from both sides of the door. (5) The controls for the remote release of a locking device permitted by Sentence (3) shall be in an area that is readily accessible to supervisory staff. (6) A locking device permitted by Sentence (3) that is electrically operated shall be (a) designed to operate on emergency power, and (b) capable of being manually unlocked by supervisory staff. (7) Sentence (1) does not apply in rapid transit stations that comply with the Building Code or to agricultural occupancies with no human occupants. Egress doors 2.7.2.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3) and (4), all doors forming part of a means of egress shall be checked at intervals not greater than one month to ensure that they are operable. (2) The safety features of revolving doors shall be tested at intervals not greater than 12 months. (3) Sliding doors that are required to swing on their vertical axes in the direction of egress when pressure is applied shall be tested at intervals not greater than 12 months. (4) When doors are equipped with electromagnetic locks, these locks shall be tested at intervals not greater than 12 months. Records 2.7.2.4. Records of tests required in Sentences 2.7.2.3.(2), (3) and (4) shall be made and retained in conformance with Subsection 1.1.2. Subsection 2.7.3. Exit Lighting and Emergency Lighting Exit signs 2.7.3.1. Exit signs shall be clearly visible and maintained in a clean and legible condition. Same 2.7.3.2. Exit lighting and exit signs shall be illuminated during times when the building is occupied. Emergency lighting 2.7.3.3. Emergency lighting and exit signs shall be maintained in operating condition in conformance with Section 6.7. Subsection 2.7.4. Indoor Public Amusement Areas Fire hazards 2.7.4.1. (1) Public amusement areas located in buildings shall be designed so that they do not create a fire hazard to the public using the facility. (2) Hay, straw, shavings, textiles, films or similar combustible materials shall not be used in the design and construction or as decorative features in public amusement areas located in buildings unless approved provisions are made to control the hazard. Emergency egress 2.7.4.2. (1) Indoor public amusement areas that involve enclosed, confined or otherwise confusing configurations shall be provided with emergency egress points that (a) have appropriate width, height and capacity for the anticipated occupant load, (b) are not more than 15 m travel from any point within the public amusement area except as approved, (c) are clearly identified with signs, and (d) are equipped with emergency lighting providing a minimum lighting level of 10 lx at floor or pathway level for a duration of at least 30 min, where natural lighting is not sufficient in the circumstances. SECTION 2.8 EMERGENCY PLANNING Subsection 2.8.1. General Application 2.8.1.1. (1) This Section applies to buildings containing (a) an assembly occupancy, (b) a care occupancy, (c) a care and treatment occupancy, (d) a detention occupancy, (e) a residential occupancy where the occupant load exceeds 10, (f) a retirement home, (g) a business and personal services occupancy where the occupant load exceeds 300, (h) a mercantile occupancy where the occupant load exceeds 300, (i) a high-hazard industrial occupancy where the occupant load exceeds 25, (j) a medium-hazard industrial occupancy where the occupant load exceeds 100, (k) a low-hazard industrial occupancy where the occupant load exceeds 300, or (l) an agricultural occupancy where the building is required by the Building Code to have a fire alarm system. (2) This Section also applies to buildings or premises (a) containing 4 storeys or more, counting storeys below grade, (b) to which Subsection 3.3.1 applies, (c) to which Article 4.1.5.5. applies, (d) to which Section 5.5 applies, (e) to which Subsection 5.14.11. applies, (f) to which Section 9.3 applies, (g) to which Sentence 9.5.3.1.(3) applies, (h) used as a convalescent home or children’s custodial home providing sleeping accommodation for more than three persons, or (i) that have a contained use area or an impeded egress zone. (3) This Section also applies to recreational camps regulated under the Health Protection and Promotion Act. (4) This Section also applies to supported group living residences and intensive support residences regulated under the Services and Supports to Promote the Social Inclusion of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act, 2008. Instructions in emergency procedures 2.8.1.2. (1) Supervisory staff shall be instructed in the fire emergency procedures as described in the fire safety plan before they are given any responsibility for fire safety. (2) Supervisory staff shall be available on notification of a fire emergency to fulfil their obligation as described in the fire safety plan. (3) Subject to Article 2.8.2.2., supervisory staff are not required to be in the building on a continual basis. 2.8.1.3. (1) Employees in a hotel establishment shall be instructed on (a) the procedures outlined in Article 2.8.2.1., and (b) the use of fire fighting equipment, including portable extinguishers and, where applicable, standpipe and hose systems. Keys and special devices 2.8.1.4. Any keys or special devices needed to operate the fire alarm system or provide access to any fire protection systems or equipment shall be readily available to on-duty supervisory staff. Subsection 2.8.2. Fire Safety Plan Measures in a fire safety plan 2.8.2.1. (1) A fire safety plan shall be prepared, approved and implemented in buildings and premises to which this Section applies. (2) A fire safety plan shall (a) provide for the emergency procedures to be followed in case of fire, including (i) sounding the fire alarm, (ii) notifying the fire department, (iii) instructing occupants on procedures to be followed when the fire alarm sounds, (iv) evacuating occupants, including special provisions for persons requiring assistance, (v) procedures for use of elevators, and (vi) confining, controlling and extinguishing the fire, (b) provide for the appointment and organization of supervisory staff to carry out fire safety duties, (c) provide for the training of supervisory staff and the instruction of other occupants in their responsibilities for fire safety, (d) include documents and diagrams showing the type, location and operation of the building fire emergency systems, (e) provide for the holding of fire drills and set out fire drill procedures, (f) provide for the control of fire hazards in the building, (g) provide for the maintenance of building facilities provided for the safety of occupants, and (h) provide for alternative measures to be provided for the safety of occupants during a shutdown of any or all fire protection equipment or systems. (3) The fire safety plan shall be kept in the building or premises in an approved location. (4) The fire safety plan shall be reviewed as often as necessary, but at least every 12 months, and shall be revised as necessary so that it takes into account changes in the use or other characteristics of the building or premises. (5) Before demolition or construction, including hot surface applications, commences in or on the building or premises, the fire safety plan shall be revised to incorporate (a) temporary alternative measures for the fire safety of the occupants during the demolition or construction, and (b) temporary procedures to control fire hazards associated with the demolition or construction, including procedures to mitigate risks to adjacent buildings. (6) The revised fire safety plan prepared under Sentence (4) or (5) shall be implemented. (7) In the case of a care occupancy, care and treatment occupancy and retirement home, any training of supervisory staff carried out under a fire safety plan shall be recorded. (8) The original or a copy of at least the most recent and the immediately preceding record referred to in Sentence (7) shall be retained in the building for a period of at least two years after being prepared and shall be made available to the Chief Fire Official for examination on request. Supervisory staff 2.8.2.2. (1) There shall be sufficient supervisory staff available in care occupancies, care and treatment occupancies, detention occupancies and retirement homes to carry out the duties required in the fire safety plan. (2) In hotel establishments (a) there shall be sufficient supervisory staff available to carry out the duties as required in the fire safety plan, and (b) in buildings greater than 3 storeys in building height or having a total area greater than 4000 m2, supervisory staff shall be on duty whenever the building is occupied. High buildings 2.8.2.3. (1) The fire safety plan in buildings within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6. of Division B of the Building Code shall, in addition to the requirements of Sentence 2.8.2.1.(2), include (a) the instruction of supervisory staff on the use of the voice communication system, (b) the action to be taken by supervisory staff in initiating any smoke control or other fire emergency systems installed in a building in the event of fire until the fire department arrives, (c) the procedures established to facilitate fire department access to the building and fire location within the building, and (d) the instructions for the supervisory staff and fire department for the operation of the fire emergency systems. Fire emergency procedures to be given to supervisory staff 2.8.2.4. A copy of the fire emergency procedures and other duties for supervisory staff as laid down in the fire safety plan shall be given to all supervisory staff. Indoor and outdoor storage of dangerous goods 2.8.2.5. (1) Where dangerous goods are stored or handled, the fire safety plan shall include the names, addresses and telephone numbers of persons to be contacted in case of fire during non-operating hours. (2) Where the dangerous goods referred to in Sentence (1) consist of dangerous goods classified as radioactive materials, the fire safety plan shall also include (a) methods to control a fire emergency and to safely and efficiently recover radioactive materials and equipment containing radioactive materials, (b) the names, addresses and telephone numbers of primary and alternative sources of expert advice and assistance on radiation safety, (c) the location of primary and alternative sources of radiation survey instruments, and (d) the location and identification of storage and use areas. Indoor storage of dangerous goods 2.8.2.6. (1) The fire safety plan for buildings or parts of buildings used for the storage of dangerous goods shall include the information described in Sentences (2) and (3). (2) The fire safety plan shall identify (a) the product classifications for each part of the building where products of different classifications are stored, (b) the method of storage, including aisle widths for rack storage, (c) the maximum permitted height of storage for the building or part of the building, if different, (d) the maximum permitted size of individual storage areas, and (e) in sprinklered buildings, the sprinkler system design criteria, inside and outside hose allowances and results of the benchmark sprinkler system main drain and waterflow tests. (3) Where the products stored include dangerous goods, the fire safety plan shall identify their location and the maximum quantity of each product being stored. Spill control 2.8.2.7. (1) The fire safety plan for buildings, parts of buildings and open areas described in Article 4.1.5.5. shall include a spill management plan that describes the measures to be taken to direct the overflow of spilled liquids and water used for firefighting away from (a) buildings, (b) adjoining properties, (c) means of egress, (d) air intakes or openings that could allow vapour entry into the building, (e) fire alarm control panels, (f) fire department access routes, (g) valves controlling fire protection systems and the water supply for firefighting, (h) fire department pumper connections or wall hydrants, (i) isolation valves controlling processes, and (j) valves controlling the flow of flammable liquids or combustible liquids. Posting fire emergency procedures 2.8.2.8. (1) At least one copy of the fire emergency procedures shall be prominently posted and maintained on each floor area. (2) In addition to Sentence (1), in a hotel establishment (a) one copy of the approved fire safety plan shall be posted in the main reception area, and (b) a copy of the emergency procedures, location of exits and the fire safety rules shall be posted on the inside of the egress doors of each guest suite. (3) Where a fire alarm system has been installed with no provisions to transmit a signal to the fire department, a legible notice, that is not easily removed, shall be affixed to the wall near each manual pull station with wording that the fire department is to be notified in the event of a fire emergency and including the emergency telephone number for the municipality or the telephone number of the fire department. Subsection 2.8.3. Fire Drills Procedures 2.8.3.1. (1) The procedure for conducting fire drills described in Clause 2.8.2.1.(2)(e) shall be included in the fire safety plan, taking into consideration (a) the building occupancy and its fire hazards, (b) the safety features provided in the building, (c) the desirable degree of participation of occupants other than supervisory staff, (d) the number and degree of experience of participating supervisory staff, and (e) the testing and operation of the emergency systems installed in buildings within the scope of Subsection 3.2.6. of Division B of the Building Code. (2) The fire drill procedures required in Sentence (1) shall be prepared in consultation with the Chief Fire Official. Frequency 2.8.3.2. (1) Subject to Sentences (2), (3), (4) and (5), a fire drill shall be held for the supervisory staff at least once during each 12-month period. (2) A fire drill shall be held for the supervisory staff at least monthly in (a) a supported group living residence or intensive support residence regulated under the Services and Supports to Promote the Social Inclusion of Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act, 2008, (b) a care occupancy, (c) a care and treatment occupancy, (d) a detention occupancy, (e) premises or part of premises at which child care within the meaning of the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014 is provided, but excluding (i) a third party program operated under section 259 or 259.1 of the Education Act, and (ii) a child care centre or part of a child care centre, as defined in Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014, that is operated in a school, as defined in the Education Act, and that provides services only to children who are pupils of a board, as defined in the Education Act, and (f) a retirement home. (3) In a school, as defined in the Education Act, and a private school, as defined in the Education Act, a total evacuation fire drill shall be held (a) if the school or private school is in session during the fall term, at least three times during that term, (b) if the school or private school is in session during the spring term, at least three times during that term, and (c) if the school or private school is in session during the summer, at least three times or at least once a month during the period it is in session, whichever is less. (4) For an extended day program or third party program operated under section 259 or 259.1 of the Education Act or for a child care centre or part of a child care centre described in Subclause (2)(e)(ii), a total evacuation fire drill shall be held (a) if the program, child care centre or part of a child care centre is in operation during the fall term, at least three times during that term, (b) if the program, child care centre or part of a child care centre is in operation during the spring term, at least three times during that term, and (c) if the program, child care centre or part of a child care centre is in operation during the summer, at least three times or at least once a month during the period it is in operation, whichever is less. (5) A fire drill for supervisory staff shall be held at least every three months in a building to which Subsection 3.2.6. of Division B of the Building Code applies. (6) In addition to the requirements of Sentence (2), in a care occupancy, a care and treatment occupancy or a retirement home, a fire drill for supervisory staff shall be carried out at least once during each 12-month period for an approved scenario representing the lowest staffing level complement in the occupancy in order to confirm that the requirements of Sentence 2.8.2.2.(1) have been met. (7) A fire drill for supervisory staff shall be held at least every three months in a laboratory. Notification of Chief Fire Official 2.8.3.3. The Chief Fire Official shall be notified within an approved time period before every fire drill carried out under Sentence 2.8.3.2.(6). Records 2.8.3.4. (1) A record shall be prepared of every fire drill conducted under Article 2.8.3.2. (2) The record shall be kept for at least 12 months after the fire drill. Hotel employees 2.8.3.5. Every employee in a hotel establishment shall take part in at least one fire drill during each 12-month period. SECTION 2.9 TENTS AND AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES Subsection 2.9.1. General 2.9.1.1. Tents and air-supported structures shall be in conformance with the Building Code. 2.9.1.2. This Section does not apply to tents that have an area of 30 m2 or less and that are used for camping, personal or other non-commercial uses. Subsection 2.9.2. Materials Flameproofing treatments 2.9.2.1. Flameproofing treatments shall be renewed as often as necessary to ensure that the material will pass the match flame test in NFPA 705, “Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films”. Subsection 2.9.3. Fire Hazards and Control Combustible materials 2.9.3.1. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), hay, straw, shavings or similar combustible materials shall not be used within a tent or air-supported structure used for an assembly occupancy. (2) Hay, straw or similar combustible materials may be used if necessary for the daily feeding and care of animals. (3) Sawdust and shavings may be used if kept damp. Smoking and open flames prohibited 2.9.3.2. Smoking shall not take place and open flame devices shall not be used in a tent or air-supported structure unless provisions have been made for such activities under the fire safety plan. Fire alarm system or firewatch 2.9.3.3. (1) Despite Article 2.9.1.1., if a tent or air-supported structure does not have a fire alarm system that conforms to the Building Code, (a) it may have an approved fire alarm system that does not conform to the Building Code where the reliability and performance of the system will provide an adequate early warning level, or (b) a person shall be employed for firewatch duty. 2.9.3.4. (1) A person employed for firewatch duty in accordance with Article 2.9.3.3. shall (a) be familiarized with all fire safety features, including the fire safety plan as provided in conformance with Section 2.8 and the condition of exits, and (b) patrol the area to ensure that the means of egress are kept clear and that regulations are enforced. Communications systems 2.9.3.5. When the conditions of Article 2.9.3.3. apply, an approved communications system shall be provided. SECTION 2.10 DAY CARE CENTRES Subsection 2.10.1. Application Application 2.10.1.1. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), this Section applies to premises or part of premises where child care, within the meaning of the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014, is provided. (2) This Section does not apply to (a) a third party program operated under section 259 or 259.1 of the Education Act, or (b) a child care centre or part of a child care centre, as defined in the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014, that is operated in a school, as defined in the Education Act, and that provides services only to children who are pupils of a board, as defined in the Education Act. (3) This Section, other than Subsection 2.10.3., does not apply to an authorized recreational and skill building program, as defined in the Child Care and Early Years Act, 2014. Subsection 2.10.2. Combustible Materials Artwork and teaching materials on walls 2.10.2.1. Combustible artwork and teaching materials that are attached to walls shall not exceed 20% of the area of the walls. Waste receptacles 2.10.2.2. Waste receptacles shall be made of noncombustible materials. Flammable and combustible liquids 2.10.2.3. Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be stored in conformance with Part 4 and in areas inaccessible to children. Subsection 2.10.3. Staffing 2.10.3.1. Where children with disabilities are cared for, sufficient staff shall be present at all times during the period the children are in the centre to escort them to safety in the event of a fire emergency. SECTION 2.11 INSULATION AND RE-INSULATION Subsection 2.11.1. General 2.11.1.1. The installation of insulation, including the replacement of insulation, shall be carried out in accordance with the Building Code. 2.11.1.2. Unless otherwise approved, combustible insulation shall be protected as prescribed in the Building Code. 2.11.1.3. Insulation shall not be placed in building roof-ceiling or floor-ceiling assemblies, as described in Parts 3 and 9 of Division B of the Building Code, where the assemblies are required to have a fire-resistance rating unless the insulation does not reduce the fire-resistance rating of the assemblies. SECTION 2.12 COVERED MALLS Subsection 2.12.1. General 2.12.1.1. (1) Covered malls designed for ornamental and pedestrian uses only shall not be used for merchandising or public activities, except that such activities may occur on a temporary basis where they do not create a fire hazard. (2) Where a covered mall described in Sentence (1) is used for merchandising or public activities, the fire safety plan described in Section 2.8 shall include additional provisions to offset any hazard that may be created by such activities. 2.12.1.2. Merchandising or public activities in a sprinklered covered mall described in Article 2.12.1.1. shall not be carried out where such activity will create a hazard exceeding the design criteria for which the sprinkler system was designed. 2.12.1.3. (1) When a covered mall having a width of 9 m or more has been provided for the purpose of considering each portion of the building separated by the mall as a separate building, no merchandising or public activities shall be carried on within the 9 m width. (2) Despite Sentence (1), merchandising or public activities or both may be carried on within the 9 m width where they are approved and they do not endanger life safety or alternative measures are taken to provide life safety. 2.12.1.4. Access to exits within a covered mall shall be provided and maintained in conformance with Subsection 2.7.1. 2.12.1.5. Where a covered mall is used for merchandising or public activities, the activities shall be arranged so that access to fire protection equipment, including sprinkler control valves, fire hose stations, portable extinguishers and fire alarm stations, is not restricted. 2.12.1.6. Decorative materials used for merchandising or public activities in a covered mall shall conform to Subsection 2.3.2. 2.12.1.7. Where a covered mall is used for the display of fueled equipment, batteries shall be disconnected and caps for fuel tanks shall be locked or secured against tampering. SECTION 2.13 INSTALLATION OF SMOKE ALARMS Subsection 2.13.1. Application and Responsibility Application 2.13.1.1. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), this Section applies to suites of residential occupancy and sleeping rooms not within a dwelling unit. (2) This Section does not apply to buildings that are subject to Part 9. (3) This Section does not apply if smoke alarms have been installed in the dwelling unit or sleeping room not within a dwelling unit in accordance with the Building Code as it read on or after April 6, 1998. Landlord is responsible 2.13.1.2. (1) Despite the definition of owner in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A, in the case of a rental suite, only the landlord shall be considered to be the owner for the purpose of applying Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A to this Section. (2) In this Subsection, “landlord” means (a) the person, firm or corporation that owns the rental unit, including an agent acting on their behalf for purposes of carrying out duties under this Subsection, and (b) does not include the tenant. Subsection 2.13.2. Installation Requirements Installation requirements 2.13.2.1. (1) A smoke alarm shall be installed (a) if a sleeping area in a dwelling unit is served by a hallway, in the hallway, (b) if a sleeping area in a dwelling unit is not served by a hallway, between the sleeping area and the remainder of the dwelling unit, (c) if a sleeping room is not within a dwelling unit, in the sleeping room, and (d) on each storey without a sleeping area in a dwelling unit. (2) A smoke alarm shall (a) be permanently connected to an electrical circuit with no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarm, or (b) be battery-operated. (3) A smoke alarm shall meet the requirements of CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”. (4) Smoke detectors forming part of a residential fire warning system installed in conformance with CAN/ULC-S540, “Standard for Residential Fire and Life Safety Warning Systems: Installation, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance” and in conformance with the residential fire warning system provisions in Part 9 of Division B of the Building Code are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (2) and (3). SECTION 2.14 outdoor public amusement areas Subsection 2.14.1. General Application 2.14.1.1. This Section applies to public amusement areas located outdoors. Fire hazards 2.14.1.2. (1) Outdoor public amusement areas shall be designed so that they do not create a fire hazard to the public using them. (2) Hay, straw, shavings, textiles, films or similar combustible materials shall not be used in the design and construction or as decorative features in outdoor public amusement areas unless approved provisions are made to control the hazard. Ignition sources 2.14.1.3. Smoking shall not take place and open flames, temporary wiring, heat-producing equipment and similar ignition sources shall not be used if they would create a fire hazard, except in approved areas. Emergency egress 2.14.1.4. (1) Outdoor public amusement areas that involve enclosed, confined or otherwise confusing configurations shall be provided with emergency egress points that (a) have appropriate width, height and capacity for the anticipated number of occupants, (b) are not more than 15 m travel from any point within the public amusement area except as approved, (c) are clearly identified with signs, and (d) are equipped with lighting providing a minimum lighting level of 10 lx at floor or pathway level for a duration of at least 30 min, where natural lighting is not sufficient in the circumstances. Fire safety procedures 2.14.1.5. (1) The operator of the outdoor public amusement area shall develop and implement written fire safety procedures that include (a) a means of alerting the persons in the public amusement area of a fire emergency and notifying the fire department, (b) evacuation of endangered persons, (c) appointment and instruction of supervisory staff to carry out fire safety duties, and (d) fire prevention and control of fire hazards. (2) The procedures described in Sentence (1) shall be made available to the Chief Fire Official upon request. SECTION 2.15 PORTABLE OXYGEN SYSTEMS Subsection 2.15.1. General 2.15.1.1. This Section applies to portable oxygen systems used for medical purposes in residential occupancies and health care facilities. 2.15.1.2. Storage, handling and use of portable oxygen systems shall be in conformance with CSA-Z305.12, “Safe Storage, Handling, and Use of Portable Oxygen Systems in Residential Buildings and Health Care Facilities”. SECTION 2.16 INSTALLATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS Subsection 2.16.1. Application and Responsibility Application 2.16.1.1. (1) This Section applies to every building that contains a residential occupancy or a care occupancy where (a) the building contains (i) a fuel-burning appliance, (ii) a fireplace, or (iii) a storage garage, or (b) the residential occupancy or care occupancy is served by a forced-air fuel-burning appliance not contained within the building. (2) This Section does not apply to a building described in Sentence (1) if carbon monoxide alarms have been installed in the building in accordance with the Building Code as it read at any time on or after January 1, 2025. (3) For greater certainty, the term residential occupancies referenced in this Section includes retirement homes. Landlord is responsible 2.16.1.2. (1) Despite the definition of owner in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A, in the case of a rental suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy, only the landlord shall be considered to be the owner for the purpose of applying Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A to this Section. (2) In this Subsection, “landlord” means (a) the person, firm or corporation that owns the rental unit, including an agent acting on their behalf for purposes of carrying out duties under this Subsection, and (b) does not include the tenant. Subsection 2.16.2. Installation Requirements Installation requirements 2.16.2.1. (1) Where a fuel-burning appliance, flue or a fireplace is installed in a suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy, a carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed (a) adjacent to each sleeping area in the suite, and (b) on each storey without a sleeping area in the suite. (2) Where a fuel-burning appliance is installed in a building, but not within a suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy, a carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed (a) in the service room or area where the appliance is installed, (b) adjacent to each sleeping area within each suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy where the suite has a common wall or common floor/ceiling assembly with the service room or area where the appliance or flue is installed, (c) on each storey without a sleeping area within each suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy where the suite has a common wall or common floor/ceiling assembly with the service room or area where the appliance or flue is installed, and (d) adjacent to each sleeping room that is not within a dwelling unit. (3) Where a building contains a storage garage, a carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed (a) adjacent to each sleeping area within each suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy where the suite has a common wall or common floor/ceiling assembly with the storage garage, (b) on each storey without a sleeping area within each suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy where the suite has a common wall or common floor/ceiling assembly with the storage garage, and (c) adjacent to each sleeping room that is not within a dwelling unit. (4) Where a forced-air fuel-burning appliance provides heated air to a building but is not located within a suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy, a carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed (a) in the service room or area where the appliance is installed, if the appliance is located in the building, (b) in public corridors serving suites of residential occupancy where the corridor is directly heated by the forced-air fuel burning appliance including (i) at least one carbon monoxide alarm in each portion of a divided corridor, and (ii) each carbon monoxide alarm in an undivided portion of a corridor is spaced not more than 25 m apart, (c) adjacent to each sleeping area within each suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy directly heated by the forced-air fuel burning appliance, and (d) on each storey without a sleeping area within each suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy directly heated by the forced-air fuel burning appliance. (5) A carbon monoxide alarm shall (a) be permanently connected to an electrical circuit with no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the carbon monoxide alarm, (b) be battery-operated, or (c) be plugged into an electrical receptacle. (6) A carbon monoxide alarm shall meet the requirements of CSA-6.19, “Residential Carbon Monoxide Alarming Devices” or UL 2034, “Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms”. (7) A carbon monoxide alarm shall be mechanically fixed, attached, plugged in or placed at the manufacturer’s recommended height or, if the manufacturer has not recommended a height, on or near the ceiling. (8) A carbon monoxide alarm that is installed adjacent to a sleeping area shall be equipped with an alarm that is audible throughout the sleeping area, even if any doors between the carbon monoxide alarm and any parts of the sleeping area are closed. Section 2.17 Farm Buildings Subsection 2.17.1. Fire Hazards and Control Electrical systems 2.17.1.1. Temporary electrical equipment and wiring, including cord-connected electrical equipment, used in wet or corrosive environments in farm buildings shall not be used where it presents a fire hazard. Mechanical equipment 2.17.1.2. Mechanical equipment used in wet or corrosive environments in farm buildings shall be maintained so as not to constitute a fire hazard. Subsection 2.17.2. Signage Warning signs 2.17.2.1. (1) A sign indicating the danger of potentially hazardous concentrations of flammable or toxic gases or vapours shall be installed at each access to a liquid manure storage tank or below-floor manure transfer chamber. (2) A sign indicating the danger of silo gas shall be installed adjacent to each chute or ladder on a tower silo. (3) A sign indicating the danger of entrapment shall be installed at each access to a grain storage structure or bottom-unloading tower silo. (4) A sign indicating the danger of stored pesticides shall be installed at each entrance to a pesticide storage area. (5) A sign indicating the danger of unsafe oxygen levels shall be installed at each entrance to a controlled-atmosphere storage area. Subsection 2.17.3. Ambient Conditions Control of gases and vapours 2.17.3.1. (1) Rooms or parts of farm buildings used for the storage of products capable of releasing flammable gases or vapours under normal ambient conditions shall be provided with a ventilation system in accordance with the Building Code to exhaust such gases or vapours outdoors to an area where the gases and vapours will not return to the farm building. (2) A ventilation system required by Sentence (1) shall be maintained in operating condition. Below-floor storage areas for liquid manure 2.17.3.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), farm buildings housing livestock with a below-floor storage area for liquid manure shall be provided with a ventilation system conforming to the Building Code. (2) The requirements of Sentence (1) are waived when (a) the farm building is not occupied, and (b) the liquid manure has been removed from the storage area or reduced to the extent that it does not constitute a fire hazard. (3) A ventilation system required by Sentence (1) shall be maintained in operating condition. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 2; O. Reg. 150/13, ss. 4-12; O. Reg. 194/14, ss. 5, 6; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 4-46; O. Reg. 275/14, ss. 1-4; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 8-13; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 7-27, 95 (1, 3-5); O. Reg. 303/25, s. 3. PART 3 OUTDOOR AND INDOOR STORAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 3.1 GENERAL Subsection 3.1.1. Application Subsection 3.1.2. Dangerous Goods SECTION 3.2 INDOOR STORAGE Subsection 3.2.1. Indoor Tire Storage Subsection 3.2.2. Indoor General Storage Subsection 3.2.3. Indoor Storage of Ammonium Nitrate Subsection 3.2.4. Indoor Storage of Combustible Fibres Subsection 3.2.5. Indoor Storage of Aerosol Products Subsection 3.2.6. RESERVED Subsection 3.2.7. Indoor Storage of Dangerous Goods SECTION 3.3 OUTDOOR STORAGE Subsection 3.3.1. Outdoor Storage of Tires Subsection 3.3.2. Outdoor Storage of Lumber and Forest Products Subsection 3.3.3. Outdoor Storage of Wood Chips Subsection 3.3.4. Outdoor Storage of Dangerous Goods SECTION 3.4 INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS Subsection 3.4.1. General Subsection 3.4.2. Industrial Trucks SECTION 3.5 SALVAGE SHOPS AND SALVAGE YARDS Subsection 3.5.1. General Subsection 3.5.2. Piling SECTION 3.1 GENERAL Subsection 3.1.1. Application Application 3.1.1.1. This Part applies to the use, storage and handling of hazardous materials and combustible materials. Radioactive materials 3.1.1.2. (1) Dangerous goods classified as radioactive materials shall be stored in conformance with the Nuclear Safety and Control Act (Canada) and its regulations. (2) Radioactive nuclear substances and equipment shall be returned to storage after use. Explosives 3.1.1.3. The storage of dangerous goods classified as explosives shall be in conformance with the Explosives Act (Canada) and its regulations. 3.1.1.4. RESERVED. Subsection 3.1.2. Dangerous Goods Classification 3.1.2.1. (1) Classes and divisions of dangerous goods referred to in this Code shall mean (a) their primary and first subsidiary classification as defined in Part 2 of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), or (b) the categories and subcategories established by the “Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)” for hazardous products determined in Part 7 of the Hazardous Products Regulations, SOR/2015-17, made under the Hazardous Products Act (Canada). (2) Substances classified as miscellaneous dangerous goods shall be stored according to the hazard they present based on their properties as dangerous goods. (3) For the purposes of this Code, dangerous goods classified as flammable liquids shall mean flammable liquids and combustible liquids as defined in Subsection 4.1.2. Ambient temperature 3.1.2.2. (1) Ammonium nitrate classified as oxidizers shall not be stored in an area where the ambient air temperature is higher than 52°C. (2) Dangerous goods shall not be stored in areas where the ambient temperature may cause them to become unstable or susceptible to undesirable reactions. (3) Dangerous goods shall be stored in refrigerated areas where such refrigeration is necessary to stabilize the substances. Packages and containers 3.1.2.3. (1) Dangerous goods shall be stored in packages or containers (a) made of materials that are compatible with the product they contain, and (b) of durable construction and designed to resist damage from normal material handling activities. (2) Where the package or container for a specific type of dangerous goods is subject to a standard established by a transportation regulatory authority, such package or container shall conform with the applicable standard. Storage arrangement and conditions 3.1.2.4. (1) Dangerous goods shall be stored in stable piles such that they will not collapse under normal operating conditions. (2) In addition to the provisions of Article 3.1.2.2., dangerous goods shall not be stored in areas where they may be subject to (a) temperature extremes or atmospheric pressure that could cause their containers to become deformed or rupture, or (b) physical impact or temperature extremes that could cause a chemical reaction or chemical instability such that a fire could occur. 3.1.2.5. RESERVED Reactive materials 3.1.2.6. (1) Reactive materials shall be stored based on their properties when classified as dangerous goods. (2) Reactive materials that are unstable and susceptible to reactions, such as polymerization or self-accelerating decomposition initiated by heat, shock, vibration, light, an increase in pressure or sound waves, shall be stored in a location and manner that will prevent the undesired reaction. (3) Reactive materials that may react with water or humidity shall be stored in sealed containers in a dry location.

(4) Reactive materials that ignite spontaneously in air shall be stored in a liquid that is inert to the material, in an inert atmosphere or in sealed containers. (5) For the purposes of this Code, unstable dangerous goods shall be considered as reactive materials based on their reactive properties. SECTION 3.2 INDOOR STORAGE Subsection 3.2.1. Indoor Tire Storage Application 3.2.1.1. This Subsection applies to buildings used for the storage of tires in which the bulk volume of tires stored in one fire compartment exceeds 425 m3. Tire pile dimensions 3.2.1.2. A single pile of tires in a tire storage location shall occupy an area not greater than 500 m2 with a maximum length of 30 m. 3.2.1.3. (1) The maximum piling height of tires shall not exceed the height used for the design of the sprinkler system installed as required in Article 3.2.1.8. (2) The maximum piling height allowed in Sentence (1) shall be posted in conspicuous locations. Pile clearance 3.2.1.4. A clearance of at least 914 mm shall be maintained between the tops of piles and sprinkler head deflectors. 3.2.1.5. Aisles between individual piles shall be at least 1.8 m wide. 3.2.1.6. A clearance of at least 600 mm shall be maintained between piles of tires and columns and enclosing walls. 3.2.1.7. A tire storage location shall be classified as a medium-hazard industrial occupancy. Warehouse sprinkler systems 3.2.1.8. (1) If the floor area of a tire storage location exceeds 250 m2, the floor area shall be provided with a sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. (2) The design of the sprinkler system required in Sentence (1) shall be based on the maximum piling height available. 3.2.1.9. A standpipe and hose system shall be installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. Portable extinguishers 3.2.1.10. (1) In addition to the requirements of Section 6.2, multi-purpose dry chemical portable extinguishers having a rating of 4A:80B shall be installed (a) in every 500 m2 of floor area, and (b) so that the distance travelled to any extinguisher does not exceed 25 m. Subsection 3.2.2. Indoor General Storage Application 3.2.2.1. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), this Subsection applies to the indoor general storage of combustible solids, noncombustible solids with combustible packaging or storage aids, including storage in bin boxes, shelves or racks. (2) This Subsection, except Article 3.2.2.6., does not apply to special hazard commodities covered elsewhere in this Code. (3) This Subsection does not apply to the bulk storage of unpackaged grain, coal or similar commodities. Storage dimensions 3.2.2.2. (1) An individual storage area shall not exceed 500 m2 in buildings that are not sprinklered. (2) An individual storage area shall not exceed 1000 m2 in sprinklered buildings. (3) Heights of storage in buildings that are not sprinklered shall not exceed 4.5 m. (4) The maximum height of storage of any individual storage area shall be determined according to (a) the stability of the stored products as it relates to the base area and shape, and (b) the height limitations otherwise set in this Subsection. (5) Buildings containing individual storage areas that exceed 6.4 m in height shall be protected with (a) a sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, or (b) a sprinkler system installed before January 1, 2015 that has been approved. Pile clearance 3.2.2.3. (1) The clearance between sprinkler head deflectors and the top of any storage shall not be less than 457 mm. (2) Where the top of any storage is above the lower chords of floor or roof structural framing members, a horizontal clear space of at least 300 mm shall be maintained between the storage and the structural members. Fire access aisles 3.2.2.4. At least one main aisle having a width equal to at least half the height of the highest adjacent pile and extending the length of the structure shall be provided but in no case shall the width of the aisle be less than 2.4 m. 3.2.2.5. Aisles separating individual storage areas described in Article 3.2.2.2. shall be at least 2.4 m wide. 3.2.2.6. (1) Adequate access for fire fighting purposes shall be provided and maintained to all portions of the premises, in conformance with Sentences (2) to (6). (2) Access aisles not less than 1.0 m wide shall be provided to exits, to fire department access panels and to fire protection equipment. (3) Aisles shall be maintained free of obstruction. (4) Except as permitted by Sentence (5), at least one main access aisle shall extend the length of the building with a minimum width of (a) 2.4 m for storage heights not more than 6 m, and (b) 3.6 m for storage heights of more than 6 m. (5) Narrower aisles may be approved where the building is sprinklered and the sprinkler design is based on aisle widths less than required by Sentence (4) but in no case shall the aisle width be less than the aisle width on which the sprinkler design is based. (6) In storage areas that exceed 200 m2, main access aisles referred to in Sentence (4) shall be accessible from at least two fire department access points, which shall be located such that, in the event one becomes unusable due to fire, the other will still allow emergency responders to access the building. 3.2.2.7. Wall clearances of at least 600 mm shall be maintained where stored commodities may swell or expand with the absorption of water. Palletized storage arrangements 3.2.2.8. Palletized storage shall be arranged so that unobstructed horizontal channels formed by the top and bottom of pallets shall not exceed 15 m. 3.2.2.9. Except as permitted in Article 3.2.2.10., pallets and dunnage not in use shall be stored outdoors and be located so as to avoid an exposure hazard. Pallet storage 3.2.2.10. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), combustible pallets shall be stored outdoors in conformance with Section 2.4. (2) Indoor storage of combustible pallets is permitted in a building that is not sprinklered, provided (a) the height of storage of combustible pallets is not more than 1.2 m, (b) the width of an individual storage area is not more than 7.5 m, and (c) the aggregate area of storage is not more than (i) 100 m2 for wood or solid deck non-expanded polyethylene pallets, or (ii) 50 m2 for plastic pallets not described in Subclause (i). (3) In a sprinklered building, the storage of combustible pallets is permitted to exceed the values in Sentence (2) provided such storage conforms to NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. Smoking prohibited 3.2.2.11. Smoking shall not take place in indoor storage areas, except as provided in Subsection 2.4.3. Subsection 3.2.3. Indoor Storage of Ammonium Nitrate Application 3.2.3.1. (1) This Subsection applies to the storage of ammonium nitrate mixtures that are (a) classified as Class 5.1 Oxidizing Substances under Part 2 of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), and (b) stored in quantities exceeding 1000 kg inside buildings. (2) This Subsection does not apply to (a) blasting agents, or (b) ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate mixture storage on railways regulated by the Canadian Transport Commission. Storage buildings 3.2.3.2. (1) A building used for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall not be more than 1 storey in building height. (2) A building used for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall not (a) have basements or crawl spaces, or (b) contain open floor drains, tunnels, elevator pits or other pockets which might trap molten ammonium nitrate. (3) A building used for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall have not less than 70 cm2 in vent area for each square metre of storage area unless mechanical ventilation is provided. (4) All flooring in storage areas shall be of noncombustible materials. (5) A building used for the bulk storage of ammonium nitrate shall be designed to prevent contact with building material that (a) will cause the ammonium nitrate to become unstable, (b) may corrode or deteriorate by reason of contact with the ammonium nitrate, or (c) will become impregnated by ammonium nitrate. (6) The distance between an ammonium nitrate storage facility and the property line of another property shall be not less than (a) 15 m where the other property contains a warehouse for flammable liquids storage or a facility for loading or unloading flammable liquids, (b) 15 m where the other property contains a building classified as medium-hazard industrial occupancy or low-hazard industrial occupancy provided the ammonium nitrate storage facility does not exceed 200 t of ammonium nitrate, (c) 30 m where the other property contains a building classified as industrial occupancy not covered in Clause (b), flammable liquids storage tanks, flammable gas storage tanks or other tanks containing a hazardous substance, or (d) 90 m for all other occupancies. (7) The distance in Clause (6)(b) may be reduced to 7.5 m if a firewall that has a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h is provided between the storage facility and the building it exposes. (8) The distance in Clause (6)(c) may be reduced to 15 m for a medium-hazard industrial occupancy or a low-hazard industrial occupancy if a firewall that has a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h is provided between the storage facility and the building it exposes. (9) The use of buildings or structures that do not conform with the provisions of Sentences (6) to (8) may be approved where the buildings or structures do not constitute a hazard to life or property from fire or explosion. (10) Except where other forms of exposure protection are approved, the walls of the exposed side of a storage building shall be noncombustible where such walls are within 15 m of a (a) combustible building, (b) forest, or (c) pile of combustible material. Industrial trucks 3.2.3.3. (1) In addition to the requirements of Section 3.4, industrial trucks used or stored within the building shall be maintained so that fuels or hydraulic fluids do not contaminate the ammonium nitrate. (2) Fuel-dispensing operations shall not be carried out in buildings where ammonium nitrate is stored. (3) An internal combustion engine shall be continuously monitored at all times in a building where ammonium nitrate is stored unless the engine is located in an area that will prevent the spread of a fire originating in the engine. (4) Industrial trucks used for the transportation of ammonium nitrate shall be cleaned of remaining material following use. Portable extinguishers 3.2.3.4. In addition to the requirements of Section 6.2, pressurized-water portable extinguishers having a rating of 2A or larger shall be installed. Storage 3.2.3.5. (1) Individual storage areas of bagged ammonium nitrate shall not exceed 1500 m2 in area and 9 m in height. (2) Wall clearances of not less than 600 mm shall be maintained where stored products may swell or expand with the absorption of water. (3) In buildings that are not sprinklered, a clearance of not less than 1 m between the top of storage and the underside of the floor or roof deck shall be maintained. (4) The clearance between the top of storage and ceiling sprinkler deflectors shall conform to the standard used to design the sprinkler system. (5) Ammonium nitrate shall not be stored in an area where the ambient temperature is such that it can become unstable or susceptible to undesirable reactions. (6) Ammonium nitrate storage shall be identified by signs of contrasting colours indicating the contents with letters 50 mm high. (7) Bulk storage of ammonium nitrate shall be located indoors or in enclosed bin-type structures. (8) Bins used for the storage of ammonium nitrate shall not contain galvanized iron, copper, lead or zinc or other materials that may contaminate or be corroded by ammonium nitrate. Automatic sprinklers 3.2.3.6. (1) Ammonium nitrate shall be stored only in buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where the existing situation is approved and does not endanger life safety or alternative measures to the requirements set out in Sentence (1) are taken to provide life safety. Disposal 3.2.3.7. (1) Spilled ammonium nitrate material shall be disposed of in conformance with Sentences (2) to (5). (2) Uncontaminated material may be rebagged in suitable slip-over bags and sealed to prevent spillage. (3) Unsalvageable material shall be removed by sweeping and burial. (4) After flushing and scrubbing contaminated areas very thoroughly to dissolve all material, the residue shall be washed away with hoses. (5) Empty bags shall be disposed of by burning outdoors where permitted in a safe area, or by burial. Explosives prohibited 3.2.3.8. Explosives shall not be used to break up caked ammonium nitrate. Smoking and open flames prohibited 3.2.3.9. (1) Smoking shall not take place and open flames shall not be used in buildings used for the storage of ammonium nitrate. (2) Signs with letters 50 mm high indicating that ammonium nitrate is being stored and that smoking is not permitted shall be prominently displayed near each entrance on the exterior of buildings identified in Sentence (1). Heating equipment 3.2.3.10. Heating equipment shall be separated from any storage area in conformance with the requirements of the Building Code. Subsection 3.2.4. Indoor Storage of Combustible Fibres Application 3.2.4.1. This Subsection applies to the indoor storage of combustible fibres. Building size for storage and handling of combustible fibres 3.2.4.2. Buildings used for the storage and handling of combustible fibres shall comply with the height and area limitations of the Building Code for medium-hazard industrial occupancies. Loose fibre storage 3.2.4.3. (1) Up to 3 m3 of loose combustible fibres may be stored in a single fire compartment if they are kept in metal-lined bins equipped with self-closing metal-lined covers. (2) Quantities of loose combustible fibres exceeding 3 m3 but not exceeding 15 m3 shall be stored in rooms separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation that has a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (3) Quantities of loose combustible fibres exceeding 15 m3 but not exceeding 30 m3 shall be stored in rooms separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation that has a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. (4) Quantities of loose combustible fibres that exceed 30 m3 shall be stored in an individual room (a) that is sprinklered in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, and (b) that is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. (5) Quantities of loose combustible fibres stored in an individual room referred to in Sentence (4) shall be arranged so that an individual pile does not exceed 250 m2 in area and is separated from other piles by aisles that are at least 2.4 m wide. (6) Clause (4)(a) does not apply to a sprinkler system that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2014, as it read on that day. Baled fibre storage 3.2.4.4. (1) Baled combustible fibres shall be stored so that (a) a single pile will not contain more than 700 m3, (b) the maximum height of any single pile will not exceed 4.5 m, (c) piles are separated by aisles not less than 1.5 m wide, and (d) the clearance between piles and building walls is not less than 1 m. Baled storage piles 3.2.4.5. The sides of baled storage piles shall be inclined back from the base of the pile with a slope of not less than 1 m for each 10 m of height. Clearance for sprinklers and structural framing 3.2.4.6. (1) The clearance between sprinkler head deflectors and the tops of storage piles shall not be less than 457 mm. (2) If the storage piles are above the lower chords of floor or roof structural framing members, a horizontal clear space of 300 mm shall be maintained between the storage and the structural members. Heating equipment 3.2.4.7. (1) Unless controlled in a manner that will not create a fire or explosion hazard, fuel-fired appliances and electrical heating elements shall not be used in a storage area for combustible fibres. (2) Shields shall be provided that will prevent stored material from coming within 300 mm of any part of a heating system heat distribution network. Standpipe and hose system installations 3.2.4.8. Standpipe and hose systems shall be installed in accordance with the Building Code. Portable extinguishers 3.2.4.9. Portable extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with Section 6.2. Smoke vents 3.2.4.10. If combustible fibres are stored in a building, automatic smoke venting hatches that are manually operable from remote locations and have a combined opening area of 64 cm2 for each square metre of floor area shall be provided. Subsection 3.2.5. Indoor Storage of Aerosol Products Application 3.2.5.1. This Subsection shall apply to the indoor storage of packaged aerosol products as classified in Article 3.2.5.2. Classification 3.2.5.2. For the purposes of this Subsection, aerosol products shall be classified as Level 1, 2 or 3 in conformance with NFPA 30B, “Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products”. Level 1 aerosols 3.2.5.3. Packaged Level 1 aerosol products shall be protected as required for Class III commodities, in both palletized and rack storage, in conformance with Article 3.2.7.19. Level 2 and 3 aerosols 3.2.5.4. (1) The storage of packaged Level 2 and 3 aerosol products shall conform to Table 3.2.5.4. and Articles 3.2.5.5. to 3.2.5.8. (2) Where storage of packaged aerosol products is mixed, protection shall be provided for the most hazardous classification present. Table 3.2.5.4. Maximum Amount of Packaged Level 2 and 3 Aerosol Products, kg(1) Forming Part of Article 3.2.5.4. Amount of Packaged Level 2 and 3 Aerosol Products Less than or equal to 1000 kg in building that is not sprinklered Greater than 1000 kg but less than or equal to 5000 kg in building that is not sprinklered Greater than 5000 kg but less than or equal to 10000 kg in building that is not sprinklered Less than or equal to 10000 kg in sprinklered building Greater than 10000 kg but less than or equal to 50000 kg in sprinklered building Greater than 50000 kg in sprinklered building Type of Dedicated Area required None Type A(2) Type B(3) None Type A(2) Type B(3) Notes to Table 3.2.5.4.: (1) One pallet load of packaged aerosols is approximately 1000 kg. (2) See Article 3.2.5.6. (3) See Article 3.2.5.7. Sprinkler systems 3.2.5.5. (1) A sprinkler system that is used for the storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products shall be designed and installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, with additional sprinkler protection provided in conformance with NFPA 30B, “Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products” for areas in which packaged aerosol products are stored. (2) If a sprinkler system that is used for the storage of Level 2 and 3 aerosol products does not conform to Sentence (1), the building shall be deemed to not be sprinklered for the purpose of applying Table 3.2.5.4. Type A dedicated areas 3.2.5.6. (1) Where a Type A dedicated storage area is required to accommodate the storage limits stated in Sentence 3.2.5.4.(1), it shall be separated from the remainder of the building by chain link fencing or a noncombustible partition that is capable of withstanding the impact of rocketing cans and that extends to the underside of the roof deck or to the ceiling which must also be capable of withstanding the impact of rocketing cans. (2) Chain link fencing referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not lighter than 2.9 mm steel wire woven into a 50 mm diamond mesh. Type B dedicated areas 3.2.5.7. (1) Where a Type B dedicated storage area is required to accommodate the storage limits in Sentence 3.2.5.4.(1), it shall be separated from the remainder of the building by partitions (a) having not less than a 1 h fire-resistance rating, (b) capable of withstanding the impact of rocketing cans, and (c) extending to the underside of the roof or to a ceiling of construction equivalent to the partitions. Storage height 3.2.5.8. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the height of storage of packaged Level 2 or 3 aerosols shall be not greater than (a) 1.75 m where products are in solid piles or on pallets, or (b) 6.1 m where products are on racks. (2) Where the building is sprinklered in conformance with Article 3.2.5.5. and an enclosure conforming to Article 3.2.5.6. or 3.2.5.7. is provided, the height of storage of packaged Level 2 or 3 aerosols shall be not greater than (a) 6.1 m where products are in solid piles or on pallets, or (b) the height limit determined by the design capacity of the sprinkler system where products are on racks. Aisles 3.2.5.9. Aisles separating racks, shelves or piles of packaged Level 2 or 3 aerosol products shall be not less than 2.4 m wide. Subsection 3.2.6. RESERVED Subsection 3.2.7. Indoor Storage of Dangerous Goods Application 3.2.7.1. (1) Except as otherwise specified in this Code, this Subsection applies to buildings or parts of buildings where dangerous goods in packages or containers are stored in a single fire compartment. (2) Where the amount of stored dangerous goods referred to in Sentence (1) does not exceed the amount stated in Column C of Table 3.2.7.1., it shall be exempted from the requirements of this Subsection. (3) Where a product has multiple classes, the applicable small quantity exemption referred to in Sentence (2) shall be determined using (a) Column A of Table 3.2.7.1. based on the class having precedence, as established in Section 2.8 of Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), (b) Column B of Table 3.2.7.1. based on the class having precedence, for hazardous products under the “Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)” for hazardous products determined in Part 7 of the Hazardous Products Regulations, SOR/2015-17, made under the Hazardous Products Act (Canada), or (c) when the class having precedence cannot be established, Column C of Table 3.2.7.1. based on the lesser of the two small quantity exemptions. Table 3.2.7.1. Small Quantity Exemptions for Dangerous Goods Forming Part of Article 3.2.7.1. OFC Class Column A TDG Class(1) and description Column B WHMIS Class(2) Column C Maximum Exempt Amount of Stored Product Explosives 1 – Explosives N/A See Article 3.1.1.3. Compressed gases 2 – Gases A N/A Compressed gases - Flammable gases/aerosols 2 – Division 1, flammable gases B1 25 kg Compressed gases – Flammable gases/aerosols 2 – Division 1, flammable gases B5 See Subsection 3.2.5 Compressed gases Non-flammable, non-toxic gases - 2 – Division 2, non-flammable, non-toxic gases A 150 kg Compressed gases - Oxidizing gases 2 – Division 2, non- flammable, non-toxic gases with subsidiary Class 5.1 A+C 75 kg Toxic gases 3 – Division 3 toxic gases A+D1, A+D2 or A+E 0 Flammable liquids 3 – Flammable Liquids B2 or B3 See Part 4 Flammable solids 4 – Division 1 flammable solids B4 100 kg(6) Pyrophoric materials 4 – Division 2 substances liable to spontaneous combustion N/A 50 kg Water-reactive substances 4 – Division 3 water-reactive substances B6 50 kg Oxidizing substances(7) 5 – Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides N/A N/A Oxidizing substances(7) - Oxidizers 5 – Division 1 oxidizing substances(8) Packing Group I, II or III N/A 250 kg or 250 L Oxidizing substances(7) - Organic peroxides 5 – Division 2 organic peroxides C(9) 100 kg or 100 L Toxic and infectious substances 6 – Toxic and infectious substances D N/A Toxic and infectious substances - Toxic substances 6 – Division 1 toxic substances, Packing Group I D1A 0 Toxic and infectious substances - Toxic substances 6 – Division 1 toxic substances, Packing Group II D1B 100 kg or 100 L Toxic and infectious substances - Toxic substances 6 – Division 1 toxic substances, Packing Group III D2A or D2B 1000 kg or 1000 L Toxic and infectious substances - Infectious materials 6 – Division 2 infectious substances D3 0 Radioactive materials 7 – Radioactive materials N/A See Article 3.1.1.2. Corrosives 8 – Corrosives(8) N/A N/A Corrosives 8 – Corrosives(8), Packing Group I E 500 kg or 500 L Corrosives 8 – Corrosives(8), Packing Group II E 1000 kg or 1000 L Corrosives 8 – Corrosives(8), Packing Group III E 2000 kg or 2000 L Miscellaneous dangerous goods 9 – Miscellaneous products, substances or organisms N/A See Article 3.1.2.1.(10) Dangerously Reactive Materials N/A F 0 Notes to Table 3.2.7.1.: (1) The numbers refer to the class and division of dangerous goods as defined in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286 (TDGR), made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada). (2) The categories and subcategories in the “Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)” refer to hazardous products classified in Part 7 of the Hazardous Products Regulations, SOR/2015-17, made under the Hazardous Products Act (Canada). (3) RESERVED. (4) RESERVED. (5) RESERVED. (6) 50 kg for nitrocellulose-based products; 10 kg for “strike anywhere” matches. (7) “Oxidizing substances” refers to solids or liquids, not gases. (8) The TDGR defines “packing group” as “a group in which dangerous goods are included based on the inherent danger of the dangerous goods.” Packing Group I products are more hazardous than Packing Group III products. (9) Class C in the WHMIS applies to oxidizing materials. Oxidizers do not usually self-combust but they will feed a fire by supplying oxygen or cause other materials to suddenly ignite. Oxidizers exist in all three states: gas (oxygen, ozone), liquid (nitric acid, perchloric acid solutions) and solid (potassium permanganate, sodium chlorite). Some oxidizers, such as the organic peroxide family, have both combustibility and oxidizing properties, which means they can have strong reactions that can result in an explosion. The exempt amount listed for oxidizing materials in this Table applies to two categories of oxidizers based on the TDGR classification: oxidizing substances and organic peroxides. Since the WHMIS does not have a corresponding classification for these two categories of oxidizers, it was decided that the exempt amount applicable to Class C should be the more stringent one, thus reducing the potential that large quantities of oxidizing materials with combustibility properties will be stored without implementing the applicable safety measures in Subsection 3.2.7. (10) Small quantity exemptions may be determined by other authorities such as the TDGR, the WHMIS and environmental protection legislation. Ignition sources 3.2.7.2. (1) Heating appliances shall not be permitted in a fire compartment used for the storage of dangerous goods classified as flammable gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, pyrophoric materials, water-reactive substances, oxidizers or organic peroxides, unless they are installed in a manner that will not create a fire or explosion hazard. (2) Smoking shall not be permitted within a fire compartment used for the storage of dangerous goods and signs shall be posted in conformance with Article 2.4.3.2. (3) Except as provided in Sections 3.4. and 5.17, open flames and spark-producing devices shall not be used in an area where dangerous goods are stored. Ambient conditions 3.2.7.3. (1) Rooms or parts of buildings used for the storage of dangerous goods (a) shall be dry and cool, and (b) where the products being stored are capable of releasing flammable or toxic gases or vapours under normal ambient conditions, shall be provided with a ventilation system to exhaust such gases or vapours outdoors to an area where they will not return to the building. Housekeeping 3.2.7.4. (1) Areas where dangerous goods are stored shall be kept free of waste packaging materials, debris of any kind or any spilled product. (2) Broken packages or containers of dangerous goods shall be moved to a safe location and the product repackaged and labelled as soon as possible. Storage arrangements 3.2.7.5. (1) The method of storage of dangerous goods shall (a) be determined to ensure the physical and chemical stability of the stored products, (b) except as provided in Sentences (2) and (5), not exceed the maximum heights of storage shown in Table 3.2.7.5., and (c) not exceed the maximum base areas for individual storage areas shown in Table 3.2.7.19. (2) Storage heights for a protected storage area stated in Table 3.2.7.5. are permitted to be exceeded provided the dangerous goods are stored on racks or shelves. (3) When a storage area is required by this Article to be protected, it shall be sprinklered or protected with a special fire suppression system, in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, Part 2 and good engineering practice with respect to specific dangerous goods. (4) Stored dangerous goods other than compressed gases shall be kept not less than 100 mm above the floor level. (5) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be stored in conformance with Part 4. (6) Except as permitted in Table 3.2.7.6. of this Code, solid and liquid dangerous goods classified as oxidizers or organic peroxides shall be separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with Sentence 3.3.6.2.(1) of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025. (7) Reactive materials shall be separated from the remainder of the building in conformance with Sentence 3.3.6.2.(2) of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025. (8) Packages or containers of dangerous goods classified as organic peroxides shall not be opened, or the product dispensed, in the same area where it is stored. (9) Except where the width of storage of dangerous goods is not more than 1.5 m, measured out from the wall, wall clearances of not less than 400 mm shall be maintained. Table 3.2.7.5. Storage Height Limits for Dangerous Goods, m Forming Part of Article 3.2.7.5. Packing Group(1) Storage Height Limits for Dangerous Goods in Unprotected Storage (m) Storage Height Limits for Dangerous Goods in Protected Storage (m) Packing Group I 1.8 2.4 Packing Group II 2.4 4 Packing Group III 4.5 6 Notes to Table 3.2.7.5.: (1) See Table 3.2.7.1. Separation from other dangerous goods 3.2.7.6. (1) Except as required in Sentences (3) and (4), Clause 5.6.2.4.(1)(h) and Article 5.6.2.6., dangerous goods shall be separated from other dangerous goods in conformance with Table 3.2.7.6. (2) The fire-resistance rating of the fire separations delimiting each fire compartment shall be determined in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Code. (3) In addition to the separation requirements in Sentence (1), dangerous goods shall be stored in conformance with the information provided in the Safety Data Sheet for the specific dangerous good. (4) Flammable liquids, combustible liquids and dangerous goods classified as corrosives shall not be stored with dangerous goods classified as radioactive materials in quantities or in a manner that would constitute an undue risk in the event of a fire. Table 3.2.7.6. Separation Chart for Storage of Dangerous Goods(1)(2) Forming Part of Article 3.2.7.6. Notes to Table 3.2.7.6.: (1) For the purpose of this Table: 1. If a dangerous good has both a TDG Class and a WHMIS Class, the TDG Class shall apply. 2. If two dangerous goods each have a TDG Class with or without a WHMIS Class, the TDG Class shall apply. 3. If two dangerous goods each have a WHMIS Class but no TDG Class, the WHMIS Class shall apply. 4. If one dangerous good has a WHMIS Class but no TDG Class and another dangerous good has a TDG Class but no WHMIS Class, the TDG Class and the WHMIS Class in combination shall apply. (2) Definitions for entries in this Table: X = incompatible dangerous goods: these goods shall be stored in separate fire compartments. 1m = incompatible dangerous goods: these goods shall be separated by a horizontal distance of not less than 1 m. P = permitted dangerous goods: these goods are permitted to be stored close together. DS = refer to Safety Data Sheet for these dangerous goods. A+C = hazardous products of Class A combined with C. A+D = hazardous products of Class A combined with D. A+E = hazardous products of Class A combined with E. B2, B3 = hazardous products of Class B2 or B3. B1, B5 = hazardous products of Class B1 or B5. (3) The numbers refer to the classes and divisions of dangerous goods as defined in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada). (4) The letters and numbers refer to the categories and subcategories of hazardous products under the “Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)” as classified in Part 7 of the Hazardous Products Regulations, SOR/2015-17, made under the Hazardous Products Act (Canada). (5) Acid: corrosive materials with a pH below 2 according to the Safety Data Sheet. (6) Base: corrosive materials with a pH above 11.5 according to the Safety Data Sheet. Corrosion protection 3.2.7.7. Measures shall be taken to prevent or minimize corrosion or deterioration of shelving, racks and piping system components due to contact with stored dangerous goods. Flooring materials 3.2.7.8. (1) Floors in areas where dangerous goods are stored shall be (a) constructed in conformance with Sentence 3.3.6.7.(1) of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025, and (b) maintained as an impervious membrane. (2) Dangerous goods classified as oxidizers or organic peroxides shall not be stored on combustible floors or platforms. Fire suppression systems 3.2.7.9. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3) and in Part 4, buildings used for the storage of dangerous goods regulated by this Subsection shall be equipped throughout with a (a) sprinkler system designed in conformance with Article NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, or (b) fire suppression system designed in conformance with Article 2.1.3.5. (2) Buildings described in Sentence (1) need not be equipped throughout with a sprinkler system or other fire suppression system provided that (a) the sum of individual storage areas in the building used for the storage of dangerous goods, other than substances classified as miscellaneous dangerous goods with no other class and those covered in Part 4, does not exceed 100 m2, and (b) the dangerous goods are (i) separated in conformance with Table 3.2.7.6., and (ii) stored in fire compartments separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h. (3) Buildings described in Sentence (1) need not be equipped throughout with a sprinkler system or other fire suppression system, provided that storage consists only of dangerous goods classified as non-flammable, non-toxic gases with no subsidiary class of oxidizing substances. Smoke venting 3.2.7.10. Where the collective individual storage areas for dangerous goods exceed 10 m2 in a fire compartment, means shall be provided for manual or automatic venting of smoke and toxic gases from the storage area under fire conditions. Spill control 3.2.7.11. (1) Measures to control spilled liquid or solid dangerous goods shall be provided in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. (2) Materials or liquids used in the cleanup of spills and leakages of dangerous goods shall be (a) compatible and non-reactive with the dangerous goods being cleaned up, and (b) disposed of in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Fire department access 3.2.7.12. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), fire department access to buildings described in Article 3.2.7.1. shall be in conformance with Section 2.5. (2) When the collective individual storage area for dangerous goods exceeds 10 m2, buildings regulated by Sentence (1) shall be accessible to fire department vehicles from at least two sides for the purpose of firefighting. (3) In buildings regulated by Sentence (1), access openings to each storey provided in conformance with the Building Code shall be not less than 750 mm wide by 1100 mm high. Labels 3.2.7.13. Products classified as dangerous goods shall display appropriate identifying labels from the time they enter a facility until they are issued as finished products or waste material. Placards 3.2.7.14. (1) Individual storage areas used for the storage of dangerous goods and laboratories where dangerous goods are used shall be clearly designated as such by posted placards conforming to the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada) and Sentences (2) to (4). (2) Where the dangerous goods identified in Sentence (1) consist of a single product, only the UN number need be posted. (3) Where the dangerous goods identified in Sentence (1) consist of multiple products within the same class, the individual class and division placard shall be posted. (4) Where the dangerous goods identified in Sentence (1) consist of more than one class of products, a placard for each individual class, or the ”Danger” placard shown in the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), shall be posted at the entrance to the storage area. (5) Individual storage areas described in Sentence (1) shall be identified in the fire safety plan as required in Article 2.8.2.6. Training 3.2.7.15. (1) In a building regulated by this Subsection, at least one person shall (a) be trained in conformance with Sentence (2), (b) provide supervision during operating hours, and (c) be available to respond to a day or night emergency. (2) The person providing supervision specified in Sentence (1) shall be trained in the correct procedures for the handling, storing and offering for transport of dangerous goods. (3) All persons involved in the storage and handling of dangerous goods shall be trained in safe handling procedures and correct responses to an emergency situation. Unauthorized access 3.2.7.16. An area used for the storage of dangerous goods shall be secured against unauthorized access. Separation from combustible products 3.2.7.17. Dangerous goods shall not be stored in the same individual storage area with other combustible products. Storage of oxidizers in mercantile occupancies 3.2.7.18. (1) This Article applies to mercantile occupancies. (2) Dangerous goods classified as oxidizers that are located within mercantile occupancies in quantities not exceeding those permitted by Table 3.2.7.1. shall be separated from ordinary combustible material by a distance of at least 1 m. (3) A clear space of not less than 2.4 m shall be maintained between the oxidizing substances identified in Sentence (2) and any other dangerous goods. Individual storage areas 3.2.7.19. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the size of individual storage areas shall not exceed the limits shown in Table 3.2.7.19. (2) In a sprinklered building, the height of storage in racks is permitted to exceed the limits shown in Table 3.2.7.19. Table 3.2.7.19. Size Limits for Individual Storage Areas Forming Part of Article 3.2.7.19. Product Classification Maximum area in building that is not sprinklered (m2) Maximum height of storage in building that is not sprinklered (m) Maximum area in sprinklered building (m2) Maximum height of storage in sprinklered building (m) Class I commodities 500 6.5 1500 9.0 Class II commodities 500 6.5 1500 9.0 Class III commodities, Group C plastics 250 4.5 1000 9.0 Closed containers of distilled beverage alcohol 250 4.5 1000 9.0 Class IV commodities, Group B plastics 250 3.6 1000 9.0 Group A plastics 250 1.5 500 6.1 Sprinkler systems 3.2.7.20. Where a sprinkler system is required to accommodate individual storage areas referred to in Article 3.2.7.19., the sprinkler system shall be designed and installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. SECTION 3.3 OUTDOOR STORAGE Subsection 3.3.1. Outdoor Storage of Tires Application 3.3.1.1. (1) This Subsection applies to outdoor tire storage yards where tires or shredded tires are stored if the bulk volume of the stored product exceeds 300 m3. (2) This Subsection does not apply if the stored tires or shredded tires in the storage yard are covered by a minimum depth of 150 mm of noncombustible material. Fire protection provisions 3.3.1.2. (1) Open-air burning of tires or shredded tires shall not take place in storage yards. (2) Hot works or heating devices shall not be operated in storage yards. (3) Smoking shall not take place in storage yards, except as provided in Subsection 2.4.3. (4) Storage piles of tires or shredded tires in storage yards shall not be located beneath electrical power lines with a voltage in excess of 750 volts or that supply power to fire emergency systems. Fire safety planning 3.3.1.3. (1) Storage yards shall comply with the requirements of Section 2.8. (2) The fire safety plan shall include provisions respecting access within the fire department access routes for water supply systems or other measures that are approved under Article 3.3.1.10. (3) At least one copy of the fire emergency procedures shall be prominently posted and maintained at the storage yard. (4) The telephone number of the fire department and location of the nearest telephone shall be posted conspicuously in attended locations. Pile dimensions, locations and clearance 3.3.1.4. (1) Individual storage piles of tires or shredded tires in a storage yard shall not be more than 3 m in height and 100 m2 in area. (2) Despite Article 3.5.2.1., storage piles of tires or shredded tires in a storage yard shall be located (a) at least 15 m from property lines, (b) at least 15 m from buildings, (c) at least 4.5 m from combustible ground vegetation comprised of grass and weeds, and (d) at least 30 m away from combustible ground vegetation comprised of brush and forested areas. (3) Despite Article 3.5.2.2., individual storage piles of tires or shredded tires in a storage yard shall be separated (a) from other individual storage piles of tires or shredded tires by a clear space of at least 6 m, and (b) from other individual storage piles by a clear space of at least 6 m. Clearance for bulk volume over 4800 m3 3.3.1.5. (1) This Article applies if the bulk volume of stored tires and shredded tires in a storage yard is more than 4800 m3. (2) The tires and shredded tires shall be stored in a group of no more than 16 individual storage piles. (3) A minimum clearance of 22 m shall be provided around the perimeter of each group of storage piles. Alternative approved measures 3.3.1.6. Despite Articles 3.3.1.4. and 3.3.1.5., other approved storage pile arrangements may be used to prevent the spread of fire. Fire department access 3.3.1.7. (1) Each storage yard shall be provided with fire access routes. (2) The fire access routes shall (a) have a clear width of at least 6 m, (b) be designed to support the loads imposed by fire fighting equipment, (c) be surfaced with material designed to permit accessibility under all climatic conditions, (d) be connected with a public thoroughfare in at least two places that are located as remotely from each other as is possible in the circumstances, (e) be located within all storage pile clearances identified in Clauses 3.3.1.4.(2)(a) and (b) and Article 3.3.1.5., (f) be at least 6 m away from any storage pile, (g) be accessible and unobstructed at all times, and (h) be located so that every point in the storage yard where storage piles are located is within 50 m of a fire access route. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), alternate fire access routes may be provided if (a) the routes permit fire fighting vehicles and equipment access and permit the use of fire suppression techniques appropriate in the circumstances, and (b) the routes are approved. Fencing and gateways 3.3.1.8. (1) If the bulk volume of stored tires and shredded tires is more than 600 m3, the storage yard shall be surrounded by a firmly anchored fence or other approved method of security that controls unauthorized access to the storage yard. (2) If a fence is used, the fence shall be at least 1.8 m high and constructed to discourage climbing. (3) The fence shall have gateways with a clear width of at least 3.5 m. (4) The gateways shall be high enough to permit the entry of fire department vehicles. (5) The gateways shall be kept clear of obstructions so that the gates may be fully opened at all times. (6) The gateways shall be locked when the storage yard is not staffed. Water supply 3.3.1.9. (1) A public or private water supply shall be provided so that any part of the storage yard can be reached by using not more than 150 m of hose. (2) If the bulk volume of stored tires and shredded tires is between 300 m3 and 1200 m3, the water supply system shall be capable of supplying at least 1860 L/min for a minimum of 3 h. (3) If the quantity of stored product is 1200 m3 or more, the water supply system shall be capable of supplying at least 3780 L/min for a minimum of 3 h. (4) If on-site reservoirs or other established water supplies are used as a fire department draft source to meet the requirements of Sentences (1), (2) and (3), they shall be equipped with dry hydrants in accordance with Chapter 9 of NFPA 1142, “Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting”. Water supply alternative measures 3.3.1.10. Despite Article 3.3.1.9., other water supply systems or other measures may be used if the systems or measures will provide sufficient fire suppression capability in the circumstances and if the systems or measures are approved. Portable extinguishers 3.3.1.11. A motorized vehicle operating in a storage yard shall be equipped with at least one portable extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2A:30B:C. Subsection 3.3.2. Outdoor Storage of Lumber and Forest Products Application 3.3.2.1. (1) Subject to Sentence (2), this Subsection applies to outdoor storage yards where lumber and forest products are stored. (2) This Subsection does not apply if (a) the storage yard is approved and does not create a fire hazard or endanger life safety, or (b) the storage yard is approved and approved alternative measures to the requirements set out in this Subsection are taken to prevent the creation of a fire hazard and protect life safety. Surface of ground 3.3.2.2. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2) and Article 3.3.2.3., storage sites for lumber and other forest products shall consist of level and solid ground that is paved or surfaced with noncombustible material. (2) Soft storage beds may be used for logs where embedment of stones or cinders may cause damage to cutting knives. Surface under piling 3.3.2.3. (1) Forest products shall not be piled on refuse-filled or sawdust-filled land except where the site is covered with a layer of compacted earth to a minimum depth of 150 mm. (2) Peat and humus are not acceptable materials for compacted earth cover in Sentence (1). Clearance for yard storage areas 3.3.2.4. (1) Fire exposure to the yard areas from the mill operations and other structures shall be limited by providing clear space. (2) The width of clear space shall be based upon the severity of exposure that will vary with the area, height, occupancy, construction and protection of the exposing structure and the type of piling and height of adjacent lumber piles.

(3) To provide for fire fighting operations, the clear space permanently available shall not be less than 4.5 m. Clearance for stickered lumber piles 3.3.2.5. (1) Stickered lumber piles in storage yards shall be located at least 15 m from property lines and buildings. (2) Large size timbers and flat-piled stock may be stored or piled on the perimeter of the yard. Clearance from vegetation 3.3.2.6. Storage yards shall be maintained free of combustible ground vegetation, including grass and weeds, for 4.5 m from the stored material and 30 m from brush and forested areas. Wood waste accumulation prohibited 3.3.2.7. Sawdust, chips and other waste material shall not be accumulated in piling areas in storage yards. Separation of treated lumber piles 3.3.2.8. Lumber and timber treated with combustible liquids shall be stored in piles that are separated from other stored material so that the distance between piles is at least twice the height of the treated pile, but not less than 4.5 m. Storage beneath power lines 3.3.2.9. Stickered lumber piles, and piles of lumber and timber treated with combustible liquids shall not be stored beneath electrical power lines having a voltage in excess of 750 volts or that supply power to fire emergency systems. Pile heights 3.3.2.10. Pile heights for stickered lumber piles shall not exceed 6 m. 3.3.2.11. Pile heights for randomly stacked or unranked piles shall not exceed 6 m unless special fire suppression equipment, such as portable turrets, deluge sets and monitor towers, is installed. Fire department access 3.3.2.12. (1) Unless otherwise approved, each storage yard shall be provided with at least two fire access routes in conformance with Sentence (2). (2) The fire access routes required in Sentence (1) shall (a) have a clear width of at least 6 m, unless it can be shown that lesser widths are satisfactory, (b) be designed to support the expected loads imposed by fire fighting equipment and be surfaced with concrete, asphalt or other material designed to permit accessibility under all climatic conditions, (c) be connected with a public thoroughfare, and (d) be located as remotely as is possible in the circumstances from each other. 3.3.2.13. (1) Where storage areas are fenced or otherwise enclosed, gateways having a clear width of at least 3.5 m shall be provided to permit entry of fire department vehicles. (2) Gateways shall be kept clear of obstructions so that gates may be opened fully at all times. 3.3.2.14. Groups of lumber piles shall be arranged with a maximum width of 15 m and a maximum length of 45 m, with fire department access routes surrounding each group of piles. 3.3.2.15. Vehicle parking and equipment storage is permitted on one side of a fire access route provided the clear width of the access route, as required under Clause 3.3.2.12.(2)(a), is maintained. 3.3.2.16. RESERVED Burning of wood waste materials 3.3.2.17. Shavings, sawdust and refuse materials shall be burned only in boilers or furnaces, or in incinerators or refuse burners conforming to Subsection 2.6.3. 3.3.2.18. Refuse burners or incinerators referred to in Article 3.3.2.17. shall be located at least 15 m from buildings, property lines or piles of logs or lumber. 3.3.2.19. Where the size and design of the burner or spark-arresting screen, the prevailing winds or the location and arrangement of yard storage creates a fire hazard by conforming to Article 3.3.2.18., an approved increase in clear space referred to in Article 3.3.2.18. shall be provided to alleviate the fire hazard. 3.3.2.20. A refuse bin conforming to Sentence 2.4.1.3.(3) shall be provided at each boiler, furnace, incinerator and refuse burner referred to in Article 3.3.2.17. 3.3.2.21. Salamanders, braziers or other open flames shall not be used in storage yards. Smoking prohibited 3.3.2.22. Smoking shall not take place in storage yards, except as provided in Subsection 2.4.3. 3.3.2.23. The telephone number of the fire department and location of the nearest telephones shall be posted conspicuously in working locations in the open yard and in each building. Fire extinguishing provisions 3.3.2.24. (1) Outdoor lumber storage shall have fire protection provisions consisting of (a) 200 L vessels with lids, having an opening of 457 mm least dimensions, located so that no person will have to travel more than 25 m from any part of the storage yard to reach a vessel, and (b) three 12 L standard fire pails at each vessel. (2) The water stored in the vessels and pump tanks shall be protected from freezing. (3) The vessels, pails and pump tanks shall be painted red with the word “FIRE” in black painted thereon. (4) Portable extinguishers having a 2A or higher rating conforming to the requirements of Section 6.2 may be provided in lieu of the requirements of Sentence (1). 3.3.2.25. Portable extinguishers shall be provided in conformance with Section 6.2 in each building located in a storage yard. Hydrant systems and water supply 3.3.2.26. The water supply available shall be adequate for hose streams and monitor towers, based on the provision of approved fire protection. Hydrant system 3.3.2.27. A storage yard shall be provided with a hydrant system or mobile pumping equipment that can reach all parts of the storage yard with no more than 60 m of hose. Subsection 3.3.3. Outdoor Storage of Wood Chips Application 3.3.3.1. (1) Subject to Sentence (2), this Subsection applies to outdoor storage yards where wood chips are stored. (2) This Subsection does not apply if (a) the storage yard is approved and does not create a fire hazard or endanger life safety, or (b) the storage yard is approved and approved alternative measures to the requirements set out in this Subsection are taken to prevent the creation of a fire hazard and protect life safety. Surface of ground 3.3.3.2. The storage site shall be well drained and be level, solid ground or paved with asphalt, concrete or other hard surface material. 3.3.3.3. The ground surface between piles shall be kept free of combustible materials. Vegetation removal 3.3.3.4. (1) Weeds, grass and similar vegetation shall be removed from the yard. (2) Portable open-flame weed burners shall not be used in chip storage yards. Pile dimensions 3.3.3.5. Piles shall not exceed 18 m in height, 90 m in width and 150 m in length unless temporary water pipes with hose connections are laid on the top surface of the pile. Fire department access 3.3.3.6. (1) Space shall be maintained between chip piles and exposing structures, yard equipment or stock equal to (a) twice the pile height for combustible stock or buildings, or (b) the pile height for noncombustible buildings and equipment. (2) Despite Sentence (1), space between chip piles and exposing structures, yard equipment or stock shall not be less than 9 m. 3.3.3.7. Where storage areas are fenced or otherwise enclosed, gates at least 3.5 m in width shall be provided to permit entry of fire department vehicles. 3.3.3.8. (1) Permanently installed access walkways at least 1.8 m wide and constructed of noncombustible material shall be provided so that hose streams may be directed on any part of the piles. (2) Despite Sentence (1), other approved means may be used to ensure adequate fire department access to the piles. 3.3.3.9. Piles exceeding 150 m in length shall be surrounded by fire department access routes at least 9 m wide. Smoking prohibited 3.3.3.10. Smoking shall not take place in storage yards, except as provided in Subsection 2.4.3. Fire extinguishing provisions 3.3.3.11. Portable extinguishers for Class A fires shall be provided on vehicles operating on chip piles in addition to the units for Class B fires normally required for the vehicles. 3.3.3.12. (1) Hose houses or cabinets shall be provided around the perimeter of chip piles at intervals not exceeding 120 m. (2) One 75 m length of 65 mm hose and two portable extinguishers having a 2A or higher rating and conforming to Section 6.2 shall be installed in each hose house or cabinet. (3) Each hose required in Sentence (2) shall be connected to a water supply capable of supplying 1140 L/min of water to it at a pressure that will allow the hose stream to reach the top of the chip pile. 3.3.3.13. Portable extinguishers in conformance with Section 6.2 shall be provided in transfer houses. Subsection 3.3.4. Outdoor Storage of Dangerous Goods Application 3.3.4.1. (1) Except as provided in Part 4 or otherwise specified in this Code, this Subsection applies to the outdoor storage of dangerous goods in packages or containers. (2) The storage of dangerous goods in quantities exceeding the maximum exempted amounts stated in Table 3.2.7.1., in a single individual storage area, shall conform to this Subsection. (3) Where a product has multiple classes, the applicable small quantity exemption referred to in Sentence (2) shall be determined using (a) Column A of Table 3.2.7.1. based on the class having precedence, as established in Section 2.8 of Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), (b) Column B of Table 3.2.7.1. based on the class having precedence, for hazardous products under the “Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)” for hazardous products determined in Part 7 of the Hazardous Products Regulations, SOR/2015-17, made under the Hazardous Products Act (Canada), or (c) when the class having precedence cannot be established, Column C of Table 3.2.7.1. based on the lesser of the two small quantity exemptions. Individual storage areas and clearances 3.3.4.2. (1) An individual storage area for dangerous goods shall not be greater than 1000 m2. (2) Except for the distance between a building and cylinders of dangerous goods classified as compressed gases, a clear space of not less than 6 m shall be provided around each individual storage area for dangerous goods. (3) Dangerous goods shall not be stored to a height greater than 6 m. Separation from other dangerous goods 3.3.4.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 3.3.4.8., dangerous goods shall be separated from other dangerous goods in conformance with Article 3.2.7.6. (2) Incompatible dangerous goods that are not allowed in Table 3.2.7.6. to be stored in the same fire compartment are permitted to be separated by a minimum horizontal distance of 3 m in lieu of a fire separation when in an outdoor storage area. Separation from combustible products 3.3.4.4. Dangerous goods and other combustible products shall not be stored in the same individual storage area. Identification 3.3.4.5. The outdoor storage of dangerous goods shall conform to Articles 3.2.7.13. and 3.2.7.14. Training 3.3.4.6. The training of persons involved in the outdoor storage of dangerous goods shall conform to Article 3.2.7.15. Safety precautions 3.3.4.7. (1) When dangerous goods are stored outside of a building, safety precautions shall be taken to prevent undesirable reactions from the effects of atmospheric conditions. (2) Damaged or leaking packages or containers of dangerous goods shall be moved to a safe location and the product repackaged and labelled as soon as possible. Intermodal shipping containers 3.3.4.8. Intermodal shipping containers used for the transportation of dangerous goods, as well as their contents, shall be stored in conformance with the segregation requirements stated in IMO 2012, “International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code”. SECTION 3.4 INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS Subsection 3.4.1. General General 3.4.1.1. The designation, use, maintenance and operation of industrial trucks, including fork lifts, tractors, sweepers and motorized hand trucks, shall comply with NFPA 505, “Fire Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, Areas of Use, Conversions, Maintenance, and Operation”. Subsection 3.4.2. Industrial Trucks Fuel-fired industrial trucks 3.4.2.1. (1) Fuel-fired industrial trucks shall be stored in (a) detached buildings, (b) areas separated from the remainder of the storage area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h, or (c) areas where the vehicles do not create a fire hazard to the storage area. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), industrial trucks shall be refuelled only at designated locations outside buildings. (3) Industrial trucks that are fuelled by replaceable propane cylinders are permitted to have their cylinders replaced indoors provided (a) cylinder replacement is done at a safe location that is at least 7.5 m from ignition sources, open pits and underground entrances, (b) the cylinder valves are closed, and (c) when an automatic quick-­closing coupling that closes in both directions when uncoupled and listed to ANSI/UL 558, “Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine‑Powered”, is not provided, the engine is operated until the fuel in the system is consumed. (4) Each fuel-fired industrial truck shall be equipped with at least one portable extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2A:30B:C. (5) Propane cylinders shall be stored in conformance with Section 5.6. Battery-powered industrial trucks 3.4.2.2. (1) Battery charging installations for battery-powered industrial trucks shall be located (a) at least 1.5 m from combustible materials, (b) when serving more than two trucks, in well ventilated areas, (c) in areas where flammable gases or vapours, combustible dusts or combustible fibres are not present in hazardous quantities, and (d) in areas where precautions are taken to prevent ignition sources, such as open flames, sparks or electric arcs. (2) Battery charging installations for battery-powered industrial trucks shall be equipped with at least one portable extinguisher having a minimum rating of 2A:30B:C. (3) Facilities shall be provided at battery charging installations for flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte and for protecting charging apparatus from mechanical damage. Training 3.4.2.3. (1) Only trained and authorized personnel shall (a) operate industrial trucks, (b) replace or refuel propane cylinders for fuel-fired industrial trucks, (c) refuel fuel-fired industrial trucks, or (d) change or charge batteries for battery-powered industrial trucks. SECTION 3.5 SALVAGE SHOPS AND SALVAGE YARDS Subsection 3.5.1. General Roof storage prohibited 3.5.1.1. The roof of a building located in a salvage yard shall not be used for storage purposes. Fires prohibited 3.5.1.2. Open flames shall not be used in a salvage yard, except for the purposes of heating, operating machinery or performing hot works. 3.5.1.3. Gas tanks on vehicles to be salvaged shall be drained and ventilated prior to salvage operations. Fire access gates 3.5.1.4. Where storage areas are fenced or otherwise enclosed, gates having a clear width of 3.5 m shall be provided to permit the entry of fire department vehicles. Fire extinguishing provisions 3.5.1.5. Except where all salvage and scrap material is noncombustible and free of combustibles, water barrels of 200 L capacity with three 12 L pails or portable extinguishers having a 2A or higher rating conforming to the requirements of Section 6.2 shall be provided, so that the maximum distance travelled from any part of the yard to a barrel or extinguisher is 25 m. 3.5.1.6. Portable extinguishers in conformance with Section 6.2 shall be provided in each building located in a salvage yard. Hydrant systems and water supply 3.5.1.7. Except as required in Article 3.5.1.8., where a municipal hydrant system exists and is adjacent to the yard, the hydrant system shall be extended into the yard area so that all parts of the salvage yard can be reached by using not more than 60 m of hose. 3.5.1.8. Article 3.5.1.7. does not apply where the fire protection that is provided by the municipal hydrants and mobile pumping equipment is approved as being adequate in the circumstances. Smoking prohibited 3.5.1.9. Smoking shall not take place in salvage yards, except as provided in Subsection 2.4.3. 3.5.1.10. The telephone number of the fire department and location of the nearest telephones shall be posted conspicuously in working locations in the open yard and in each building. Subsection 3.5.2. Piling Pile clearance and dimensions 3.5.2.1. Piles that include combustible salvage shall be 3 m from property lines, and not more than 3 m in height and 100 m2 in area. 3.5.2.2. Piles of salvage material shall be separated by a clear space of 3 m that is kept clear of grass and weeds. Piles of tanks or drums 3.5.2.3. Tanks or drums shall be stored in piles separate from piles of other materials. Combustible metals 3.5.2.4. (1) Piles or containers with metal shavings, turnings and dusts shall be stored in an area separate from other salvage materials and identified with warning signs. (2) Warning signs required in Sentence (1) shall (a) be visible from all directions of approach, and (b) have the name of the metal and the words “COMBUSTIBLE METAL — DO NOT USE WATER” displayed in plain legible letters as described in Sentence (3). (3) Lettering on warning signs shall be red or white letters 114 mm high with a 19 mm stroke on a contrasting background. Subsection 3.5.3. Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 76. SECTION 3.6, 3.7 Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 77. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 3; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 48-77; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 28-30; O. Reg. 303/25, s. 4, 5. Part 4 Flammable and Combustible Liquids TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 4.1 GENERAL Subsection 4.1.1. Scope Subsection 4.1.2. Classification Subsection 4.1.3. Flash Point Subsection 4.1.4. Electrical Installations Subsection 4.1.5. Fire Prevention and Protection Subsection 4.1.6. Spill Control and Drainage Systems Subsection 4.1.7. Ventilation Subsection 4.1.8. Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids SECTION 4.2 CONTAINER STORAGE AND HANDLING Subsection 4.2.1. Scope Subsection 4.2.2. General Subsection 4.2.3. Containers and Portable Tanks Subsection 4.2.4. Assembly and Residential Occupancies Subsection 4.2.5. Mercantile Occupancies Subsection 4.2.6. Business and Personal Services, Educational, Care, Care and Treatment and Detention Occupancies Subsection 4.2.7. Industrial Occupancies Subsection 4.2.8. Incidental Use Subsection 4.2.9. Rooms for Container Storage and Dispensing Subsection 4.2.10. Cabinets for Container Storage Subsection 4.2.11. Outdoor Container Storage Subsection 4.2.12. Self-Service Storage Buildings SECTION 4.3 TANK STORAGE Subsection 4.3.1. Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.2. Installation of Outside Aboveground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.3. Supports, Foundations and Anchorage for Aboveground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.4. Normal and Emergency Venting for Aboveground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.5. Vent Piping for Aboveground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.6. Openings Other than Vents in Aboveground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.7. Secondary Containment for Aboveground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.8. Installation of Underground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.9. Sumps Subsection 4.3.10. Corrosion Protection of Underground Steel Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.11. Vents for Underground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.12. Openings Other than Vents in Underground Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.13. Installation of Storage Tanks inside Buildings Subsection 4.3.14. Rooms for Storage Tanks Subsection 4.3.15. Openings Other than Vents in Storage Tanks inside Buildings Subsection 4.3.16. Out of Service SECTION 4.4 LEAK DETECTION OF STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING SYSTEMS Subsection 4.4.1. General Subsection 4.4.2. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring Methods Subsection 4.4.3. Leak Detection Testing of Storage Tanks, Piping Systems and Sumps Subsection 4.4.4. Leak Detection Monitoring of Storage Tanks and Piping Systems SECTION 4.5 PIPING AND TRANSFER SYSTEMS Subsection 4.5.1. Scope Subsection 4.5.2 Materials for Piping, Valves and Fittings Subsection 4.5.3 Corrosion Protection of Piping Systems Subsection 4.5.4 Identification of Piping Systems Subsection 4.5.5 Joints in Piping Systems Subsection 4.5.6 Location and Arrangement of Piping Subsection 4.5.7 Valves in Piping Systems Subsection 4.5.8 Heating of Piping Systems Subsection 4.5.9 Methods of Transfer in Piping Systems Subsection 4.5.10 Operating Procedures for Piping Systems SECTION 4.6 FUEL-DISPENSING STATIONS Subsection 4.6.1. Scope Subsection 4.6.2. Storage and Handling Subsection 4.6.3. Dispensing Systems Subsection 4.6.4. Shut-off Devices Subsection 4.6.5. Delivery Hose and Nozzles Subsection 4.6.6. Remote Pumping Systems Subsection 4.6.7 Spill Control Subsection 4.6.8 Supervision and Dispensing Procedures Subsection 4.6.9 Fire Prevention and Protection SECTION 4.7 BULK PLANTS Subsection 4.7.1. Scope Subsection 4.7.2. Storage Subsection 4.7.3. Dispensing Subsection 4.7.4. Loading and Unloading Facilities Subsection 4.7.5. Fire Protection Subsection 4.7.6. Spill Control SECTION 4.8 PIERS AND WHARVES Subsection 4.8.1. Scope Subsection 4.8.2. General Subsection 4.8.3. Storage Tanks Subsection 4.8.4. Piping, Valves and Fittings Subsection 4.8.5. Bonding and Grounding Subsection 4.8.6. Fire Protection Subsection 4.8.7. Bulk Transfer Stations Subsection 4.8.8. Cargo Hose Subsection 4.8.9. Cargo Pumps Subsection 4.8.10. Pump Houses Subsection 4.8.11. Transfer Operations SECTION 4.9 PROCESS PLANTS Subsection 4.9.1. Scope Subsection 4.9.2. Outdoor Processing Equipment Subsection 4.9.3. Processing Buildings Subsection 4.9.4. Fire Prevention and Protection SECTION 4.10 DISTILLERIES Subsection 4.10.1. Scope Subsection 4.10.2. General Subsection 4.10.3. Storage Tanks and Containers Subsection 4.10.4. Storage Subsection 4.10.5. Piping and Pumping Systems Subsection 4.10.6. Ventilation Subsection 4.10.7. Spill Control Subsection 4.10.8. Fire Protection SECTION 4.11 TANK VEHICLES Subsection 4.11.1. Scope Subsection 4.11.2. General Subsection 4.11.3. Loading, Unloading and Dispensing from Tank Vehicles Section 4.1 General Subsection 4.1.1. Scope Application 4.1.1.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), this Part applies to the storage, handling, use, processing, dispensing and transfer of (a) flammable liquids and combustible liquids in buildings, structures and open areas, (b) water-miscible liquid mixtures classified as flammable liquids or combustible liquids in conformance with Article 4.1.2.2. in buildings, structures and open areas, and (c) dangerous goods classified as flammable gases at fuel-dispensing stations. (2) This Part shall not apply to (a) the transportation of flammable liquids or combustible liquids under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), (b) flammable liquids, combustible liquids or dangerous goods classified as flammable gases to which the Technical Standards and Safety Act, 2000 and its regulations apply, (c) the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids on farms for individual farm use, (d) the storage of aerosol products covered under Subsection 3.2.5., (e) flammable liquids or combustible liquids at airports, piers and wharves regulated under federal law, or (f) underground areas to which the Occupational Health and Safety Act and its regulations apply. (3) RESERVED (4) In addition to the requirements in this Part, the storage, handling and use of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in laboratories shall be in conformance with Section 5.5. (5) Unless otherwise specified, this Section shall apply to all areas involved in the storage, handling or use of flammable liquids and combustible liquids covered in this Part. Compliance 4.1.1.2. (1) Areas in process plants need not conform to this Part where specific hazards are addressed by design and operational procedures that meet recognized standards and equivalent protection is provided. (2) Storage tanks that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Articles 4.3.2.1., 4.3.2.2. and 4.3.2.3. for aboveground storage tanks and with Sentence 4.3.8.2.(2) and Article 4.3.8.3. for underground storage tanks. (3) The composition, design, size and arrangement of any material, object, device or thing that was deemed to be in compliance with this Part through an approved compliance equivalency on or before December 31, 2025 and that continues to meet the terms of the approval that were in effect on that day is deemed to be in compliance with this Part. Subsection 4.1.2. Classification Classification 4.1.2.1. (1) Except as provided in Article 4.1.2.2., for the purposes of this Part, flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be classified in conformance with Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Flammable liquids shall be Class I liquids and shall be subdivided into: (a) Class IA liquids, which shall include those having a flash point below 22.8°C and a boiling point below 37.8°C, (b) Class IB liquids, which shall include those having a flash point below 22.8°C and a boiling point at or above 37.8°C, and (c) Class IC liquids, which shall include those having a flash point at or above 22.8°C and below 37.8°C. (3) Combustible liquids shall be Class II or Class IIIA liquids and shall be subdivided into: Class II liquids, which shall include those having a flash point at or above 37.8°C and below 60°C, and Class IIIA liquids, which shall include those having a flash point at or above 60°C and below 93.3°C. Water-miscible liquid mixtures 4.1.2.2. (1) For the purposes of this Part, mixtures of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone or acetic acid and water shall be classified in conformance with Sentences (2) to (6). (2) A mixture of methanol and water shall be classified as (a) a Class IB liquid if the concentration of methanol is 90% or more by volume, (b) a Class IC liquid if the concentration of methanol is 30% or more but less than 90% by volume, or (c) a Class II liquid if the concentration of methanol is 20% or more but less than 30% by volume. (3) A mixture of ethanol and water shall be classified as (a) a Class IB liquid if the concentration of ethanol is 90% or more by volume, (b) a Class IC liquid if the concentration of ethanol is 30% or more but less than 90% by volume, or (c) a Class II liquid if the concentration of ethanol is 20% or more but less than 30% by volume (4) A mixture of 2-propanol and water shall be classified as a Class IC liquid if the concentration of 2-propanol is 20% or more by volume. (5) A mixture of acetone and water shall be classified as a Class IB liquid if the concentration of acetone is 5% or more by volume. (6) A mixture of acetic acid and water shall be classified as a Class IB liquid if the concentration of acetic acid is 8% or more by volume. Heated liquids 4.1.2.3. When a liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8°C is being processed, stored, handled or used at a temperature at or above its flash point, it shall be treated as a Class I liquid. Used lubricating oil 4.1.2.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), used lubricating oil drained from motor vehicles shall be classified as a Class IIIA liquid. (2) When Class I or II liquids are added to the used oils described in Sentence (1), the resulting mixture shall be classified (a) through tests conforming to Subsection 4.1.3., or (b) in the absence of the tests referred to in Clause (a) (i) as a Class IC liquid if Class I liquids are added, or (ii) as a Class II liquid if only Class II liquids are added. Subsection 4.1.3. Flash Point Determination of flash point 4.1.3.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), the flash point of liquids having a kinematic viscosity less than 6 cSt at 37.8°C and a flash point below 93.3°C shall be determined in conformance with ASTM D56, “Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester”. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), the flash point of liquids having a kinematic viscosity of 6 cSt or more at 37.8°C or a flash point of 93.3°C or higher shall be determined in conformance with ASTM D93, “Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester”. (3) ASTM D3828, “Standard for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester”, is permitted to be used for testing aviation turbine fuels within the scope of this procedure. (4) ASTM D3278, “Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus”, is permitted to be used for paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes and related products and their components having flash points between 0°C and 110°C and having a kinematic viscosity less than 150 St at 25°C. Subsection 4.1.4. Electrical Installations Hazardous locations 4.1.4.1. (1) Where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are present, electrical equipment shall conform to Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998 for hazardous locations. (2) Where refrigerators are used to store Class I liquids, they shall be designed so that (a) electrical equipment located within the storage compartment, within the outer shell, on the door and on the door frame of the refrigerator is in conformance with Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998 for Class I, Zone 0 or 1 hazardous locations based on the frequency of occurrence and duration of an explosive gaseous atmosphere, and (b) electrical equipment mounted on the outside surface of the refrigerator is (i) in conformance with Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998 for Class I, Zone 2 hazardous locations, or (ii) located above the top of the storage compartment. Subsection 4.1.5. Fire Prevention and Protection Additional fire protection equipment 4.1.5.1. (1) Fire protection equipment shall be provided where there are special hazards related to the use, handling, processing, dispensing, transfer or storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) Portable extinguishers required in this Part shall be in accordance with Section 6.2. Ignition sources 4.1.5.2. Unless controlled in a manner that will not create a fire or explosion hazard, a device, operation or activity that produces open flames, sparks or heat shall not be permitted in an area described in Article 4.1.1.1. Smoking 4.1.5.3. Except for designated safe smoking areas conforming to Subsection 2.4.3., smoking shall not be permitted in areas described in Article 4.1.1.1. Removal of combustibles 4.1.5.4. (1) Areas described in Article 4.1.1.1. shall be kept clean and free of ground vegetation and accumulations of combustible materials not essential to operations. (2) Used rags and similar materials contaminated with flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be stored in receptacles conforming to Article 2.4.1.3. Emergency planning 4.1.5.5. Emergency planning measures conforming to Section 2.8. shall be provided for all buildings, parts of buildings and open areas where the quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids exceeds 500 L in total or exceeds 250 L of Class I liquids. Access for firefighting 4.1.5.6. Required aisles and other access paths shall be maintained to permit the unobstructed movement of persons and fire department apparatus so that firefighting operations can be carried out in any part of an area used for the storage, use or handling of flammable liquids or combustible liquids. Hot works 4.1.5.7. Hot works shall be performed in conformance with Section 5.17. Basement storage 4.1.5.8. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), in dwelling units as described in Article 4.2.4.5. and in mercantile occupancies as described in Sentence 4.2.5.3.(3), Class I liquids shall not be stored, handled or used in basements or pits. (2) Up to 10 L of Class I liquid is permitted to be stored in basements, provided it is stored in safety containers conforming to ULC/ORD-C30, “Safety Containers”. (3) Laboratories in basements may store, handle or use flammable liquids and combustible liquids if the laboratories meet the requirements of Article 5.5.6.2. Maintenance 4.1.5.9. Maintenance of any equipment involved in the storage, handling, use, processing, dispensing and transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids, whose failure would significantly increase the fire or explosion hazard and whose maintenance requirements are not addressed in another Part of this Code shall be maintained in accordance with its listed requirements and if not listed, be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or good engineering practice. Subsection 4.1.6. Spill Control and Drainage Systems Spill control 4.1.6.1. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), a spill of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be prevented from flowing outside the spill area and from reaching waterways, sewer systems and potable water sources by (a) constructing a noncombustible barrier capable of containing the spill, or (b) grading the site or sloping the floor to divert the spill to a drainage system conforming to Article 4.1.6.2. (2) When barriers required in Sentence (1) are provided to contain accidental spillage from aboveground storage tanks, they shall conform to the requirements for secondary containment in Subsection 4.3.7. (3) Water-miscible effluent from spills and firefighting operations is permitted to be directed into a sewer system provided it does not create a fire hazard or any risk to public health or safety. (4) Aboveground storage tanks shall be provided with a spill containment device as required by Sentences 4.3.6.4.(4) and 4.3.15.1.(3). Drainage systems 4.1.6.2. (1) A drainage system referred to in Clause 4.1.6.1.(1)(b) shall (a) terminate at a location where such spill will not create a fire hazard or any risk to public health or safety or the natural environment, and (b) direct the spill away from the areas identified in Article 2.8.2.7. (2) Closed drainage systems shall be equipped with a trap. Spills and leaks 4.1.6.3. (1) Maintenance and operating procedures shall be established to prevent the escape of flammable liquids or combustible liquids to areas where they could create a fire or explosion hazard. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), all reasonable steps shall be taken to recover escaped liquid and to remove or treat contaminated soil, surface water, ground water or aquatic sediments. (3) Spilled or leaked flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be (a) flushed to a location where they will not create a fire or explosion hazard or any risk to public health or safety, or (b) neutralized or absorbed and cleaned up with the aid of a product that is compatible and non-reactive with the liquid being cleaned up or a product that conforms to ULC/ORD-C410A, “Absorbents for Flammable and Combustible Liquids” and (i) deposited in a receptacle conforming to Article 2.4.1.3., or (ii) disposed of in a manner that does not create a fire or explosion hazard. Spill procedure 4.1.6.4. (1) A spill control procedure shall be approved and implemented for any occupancy where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are stored, handled, processed or used. (2) The spill control procedure referred to in Sentence (1) shall include (a) suitable operating procedures to prevent leaks and spills from piping, pumps, storage tanks or process vessels, (b) ventilation, (c) control of ignition sources, (d) spill containment and cleanup (such as dikes and spill control agents such as sand), (e) personal protective clothing or equipment that should be used (such as rubber gloves, rubber boots and self-contained breathing apparatus), (f) chain of command, including notification of affected agencies and management, (g) a preventive maintenance program, and (h) training for new and experienced staff. (3) Spill control procedures shall be prominently posted and maintained where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are stored, handled, processed or used. Subsection 4.1.7. Ventilation Rooms or enclosed spaces 4.1.7.1. Where flammable liquids and combustible liquids are processed, handled, stored, dispensed, transferred or used within rooms or enclosed spaces, ventilation shall conform to this Part and the Building Code. Ventilation measures 4.1.7.2. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), a room or enclosed space referred to in Article 4.1.7.1. shall be provided with one of the following ventilation systems: (a) continuous mechanical ventilation where Class I liquids are processed, dispensed or used in a manner that releases flammable vapours into the room or enclosed space, or (b) either natural or continuous mechanical ventilation where (i) Class I liquids are stored, processed, dispensed or used in a manner that does not release flammable vapours into the room or enclosed space, or (ii) Class II liquids are processed, dispensed or used. (2) Ventilation referred to in Clause (1)(b) need not be provided for the storage of Class I liquids if (a) storage consists of only closed containers, and (b) no dispensing operations are performed. (3) Ventilation required in Sentence (1) shall be sufficient to ensure that flammable vapour concentrations outside the zone identified as Class I, Zone 0 or 1 in conformance with Article 4.1.4.1., do not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit of the flammable vapour. (4) A mechanical ventilation system is deemed to comply with Sentence (3) if it is capable of exhausting at least 18 m3/h/m2 of room area, but not less than 250 m3/h. (5) Where continuous mechanical ventilation is installed in order to meet the conditions of Sentence (1), it shall (a) be provided with automatic interlocks so that the activity generating flammable vapours cannot be performed when the ventilation system is not in operation, (b) sound an audible alarm in an attended area upon shut-down of the ventilation system, and (c) conform to NFPA 91, “Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids”. Location of air inlets and outlets 4.1.7.3. (1) Ventilation air inlets and outlets within a room or enclosed space referred to in Article 4.1.7.1. shall be arranged so as to provide air movement in all portions of the room to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours in conformance with Sentence 4.1.7.2.(3). (2) Inlets and outlets conforming to Sentence (3) or (4) shall be deemed to have met the requirements of Sentence (1). (3) Where the flammable vapour being removed is heavier than air or as dense as air (a) at least one air inlet shall be located at a point near a wall and no higher than 300 mm from the floor, and (b) at least one air outlet shall be located near the opposite wall, no higher than 300 mm from the floor. (4) Where the flammable vapour being removed is lighter than air (a) at least one air inlet shall be located at a point near a wall and no lower than 300mm from the ceiling, and (b) at least one air outlet shall be located near the opposite wall, no lower than 300 mm from the ceiling. Location of mechanical ventilation exhaust air outlets 4.1.7.4. (1) Except as provided in Article 4.1.7.6., the exhaust air outlet from a mechanical ventilation system required in Article 4.1.7.2. shall be (a) located outdoors, not less than 3 m from any building opening, and (b) arranged so that the exhaust air does not discharge toward any unprotected opening within 7.5 m of the discharge point. Make-up air 4.1.7.5. (1) Make-up air for a natural or mechanical ventilation system shall be taken from a point remote from any exhaust air discharge described in Article 4.1.7.4. (2) Make-up air for a natural ventilation system shall be taken from a point outside the building. (3) Where make-up air for a mechanical ventilation system is taken from within the building, the opening into the room or enclosed space shall be provided with a fire damper. Recirculating ventilation systems 4.1.7.6. (1) Where a mechanical ventilation system is installed in conformance with Article 4.1.7.2., and where exhaust air is recirculated, a fail-safe vapour detection and alarm system shall be provided (a) to continuously monitor the flammable vapour concentration in the exhaust air, and (b) if the vapour concentration in Clause (a) exceeds 25% of the lower explosive limit of the vapour, to (i) sound an alarm in an attended area, (ii) stop the recirculation of air, and (iii) redirect the exhaust air to an outdoor location. Exclusive use of ducts 4.1.7.7. Ducts used in a ventilation system conforming to Article 4.1.7.2. shall not be used for any other ventilation or exhaust system. Maintenance 4.1.7.8. All components of the ventilation system shall be kept free of obstructions that may interfere with its operation. Subsection 4.1.8. Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Containers and storage tanks 4.1.8.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence 4.1.8.4.(1), flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be kept in containers conforming to Subsection 4.2.3. or in storage tanks conforming to Subsection 4.3.1. (2) Containers and storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be kept closed when not in use. (3) Containers and storage tanks shall not be filled beyond their safe filling level. Control of static electric charge 4.1.8.2. (1) When Class I liquids are dispensed from or into a container or a storage tank (a) all metallic or electrically conducting material in the transfer system shall be electrically bonded and grounded, or (b) if the container or tank is made of non-electrically conducting material, measures shall be taken to minimize the potential for static electric charge to develop. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), when Class I liquids are transferred into a storage tank through the top of the tank, the fill pipe shall terminate within 150 mm of the bottom of the tank. (3) Sentence (2) shall not apply when (a) the storage tank vapour space cannot exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit or is filled with an inert gas that prevents the ignition of the vapour mixture, or (b) the liquid being transferred has a minimum conductivity that prevents the accumulation of static electricity. (4) Fill pipes referred to in Sentence (2) shall be installed in such a way as to minimize vibration of the pipe. Transfer 4.1.8.3. (1) Class I liquids shall be drawn from or transferred into containers or storage tanks within a building (a) through a piping or transfer system conforming to Section 4.5, (b) by means of a pump designed in conformance with good engineering practice on top of the container or storage tank, or (c) by gravity through a self-closing valve designed in conformance with good engineering practice. (2) Except as provided in Subsection 4.5.9., the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids by means of pressure applied to a container or storage tank shall not be permitted. Fuel tanks of vehicles 4.1.8.4. (1) It is permitted to use movable tanks for dispensing flammable liquids or combustible liquids into the fuel tanks of vehicles or other motorized equipment provided such movable tanks are used in conformance with the requirements of this Part for storage tanks. (2) Only enclosed pumping equipment designed in conformance with good engineering practice shall be used to transfer Class I liquids to or from the fuel tanks of vehicles inside buildings. Section 4.2 Container Storage and Handling Subsection 4.2.1. Scope Application 4.2.1.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), this Section shall apply to the storage, handling and use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids that are in (a) containers conforming to Clauses 4.2.3.1.(1)(a) to (d) having an individual capacity of not more than 230 L, (b) portable tanks conforming to Clause 4.2.3.1.(1)(e) having an individual capacity of not more than 2500 L, or (c) intermediate bulk containers conforming to Clause 4.2.3.1.(1)(a) having an individual capacity of not more than 3000 L. (2) Except as otherwise stated in this Code, this Section shall not apply to (a) bulk plants covered in Section 4.7., refineries covered in Section 4.9. and distilleries covered in Section 4.10., (b) liquids in the fuel tank of motors or engines, (c) distilled beverage alcohol in closed containers when stored in conformance with Part 3, (d) food and pharmaceutical products when in closed containers having a capacity of not more than 5 L, (e) products containing not more than 50% by volume of water-miscible flammable liquids or combustible liquids with the remainder of the solution being non-flammable, when in closed containers having a capacity of not more than 5 L, or (f) alcohol-based hand sanitizer products that have a capacity of not more than 1.2 L and that are in use. (3) Portable tanks having a capacity greater than 2500 L shall be installed in conformance with Section 4.3. (4) For the purpose of this Section, unstable liquids shall meet the requirements for Class IA liquids. (5) Except as otherwise stated, requirements for containers in this Part shall also apply to portable tanks described in Sentence (1). Subsection 4.2.2. General Prohibited locations 4.2.2.1. Flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be stored in or adjacent to exits, including outdoors, elevators or principal routes that provide access to exits. Storage arrangement and conditions 4.2.2.2. (1) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be stored in stable piles such that they will not collapse under normal operating conditions. (2) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be stored in areas where they may be subject to (a) temperature extremes or atmospheric pressure that could cause their containers to become deformed or rupture, or (b) physical impact or temperature extremes that could cause a chemical reaction or chemical instability such that a fire could occur. Separation from other dangerous goods 4.2.2.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be separated from other dangerous goods in conformance with Sections 3.2. and 3.3. (2) For the purpose of applying Table 3.2.7.6., Class IIIA and B3 liquids shall be treated as dangerous goods classified as flammable liquids. Subsection 4.2.3. Containers and Portable Tanks Design and construction 4.2.3.1. (1) Except as permitted in Article 4.2.3.3., containers and portable tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be built in conformance with the following: (a) the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, SOR/2001-286, made under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada), (b) CSA B376-M, “Portable Containers for Gasoline and Other Petroleum Fuels”, (c) CSA B306-M, “Portable Fuel Tanks for Marine Use”, (d) ULC/ORD-C30, “Safety Containers”, or (e) CSA B620, “Highway Tanks and TC Portable Tanks for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods”. Markings or labels 4.2.3.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 4.2.3.1., containers for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be distinctly marked or labelled in easily legible type that is in contrast to any other printed matter on the label with a warning to indicate that (a) the material in the container is flammable, (b) it should be kept away from heat, sparks and open flames, and (c) it should be kept closed when not in use. (2) Markings referred to in Sentence (1) are not required when the container is labelled in conformance with (a) the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act (Canada) and its regulations, (b) the Hazardous Products Act (Canada) and its regulations, and (c) the Pest Control Products Act (Canada) and its regulations. Other types of containers 4.2.3.3. (1) The storage, handling and use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids in a container other than one of those listed in Article 4.2.3.1. shall be permitted only if (a) the required purity of the liquid would be affected by containers of the types listed in Article 4.2.3.1.

or if the liquid would cause the excessive corrosion of those types of containers, (b) the container not conforming to Article 4.2.3.1. has a capacity of not more than 1 L if used for Class I liquids and not more than 5 L if used for Class II or IIIA liquids, or (c) the container not conforming to Article 4.2.3.1. is a sample container used for quality control purposes or for testing by regulatory officials. Subsection 4.2.4. Assembly and Residential Occupancies Application 4.2.4.1. This Subsection shall apply to the storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in buildings classified as assembly or residential occupancies, except that it shall not apply to nonresidential schools, universities or colleges covered in Subsection 4.2.6. Maximum quantities 4.2.4.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (4) and in Articles 4.2.4.5. and 4.2.4.6., the maximum quantity of flammable liquids or combustible liquids stored in a building or in a fire compartment with a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 h shall conform to Sentences (2) and (3). (2) When a single class of flammable liquid or combustible liquid is stored in a building or in a fire compartment with a fire-resistance rating of at least 1 h, the total quantity of liquid shall not exceed (a) 30 L of Class I liquids, (b) 150 L of Class II liquids, or (c) 600 L of Class IIIA liquids. (3) When two or more classes of flammable liquid or combustible liquid are stored in the same building or in a fire compartment having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, the total quantity permitted for each class of liquid shall be calculated as follows: qI/30 + qII/150 + qIIIA/600 ≤ 1 where qI = actual quantity of Class I liquids present, in litres, qII = actual quantity of Class II liquids present, in litres, and qIIIA = actual quantity of Class IIIA liquids present, in litres. (4) Quantities of flammable liquids or combustible liquids exceeding those permitted in Sentence (1) are permitted, provided they are kept (a) in storage cabinets conforming to Subsection 4.2.10., except that the total quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in such cabinets shall not exceed the quantity permitted for one cabinet, or (b) in a storage room conforming to Subsection 4.2.9. and having no openings that communicate directly with the public portions of the building. Storage cabinets and storage rooms 4.2.4.3. (1) The storage cabinets referred to in Sentence 4.2.4.2.(4) shall not be located above or below the first storey. (2) The location of storage rooms referred to in Sentence 4.2.4.2.(4) of this Code shall conform to Article 3.3.2.16. of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025, and Sentence 3.3.4.3.(4) of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025. Exterior balconies 4.2.4.4. Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be stored on exterior balconies. Dwelling units 4.2.4.5. Not more than 30 L of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, of which not more than 10 L shall be Class I liquids, are permitted to be stored in each dwelling unit. Attached garages and sheds 4.2.4.6 Not more than 50 L of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, of which not more than 30 L shall be Class I liquids, are permitted to be stored in a garage or shed attached to a dwelling unit. Subsection 4.2.5. Mercantile Occupancies Application 4.2.5.1. This Subsection applies to the storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in mercantile occupancies. Maximum quantities 4.2.5.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (5), the quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in mercantile occupancies shall not exceed those in Sentences (2) to (4). (2) In mercantile occupancies that are not sprinklered, the maximum quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids permitted to be stored in a single suite shall be the lesser of (a) 8 L/m2 of the total area of the suite, provided that not more than 2 L/m2 are Class I liquids, of which not more than 0.3 L/m2 shall be Class IA, Class IB or any combination of these two classes, or (b) 8000 L, provided that not more than 2000 L are Class I liquids, of which not more than 300 L shall be Class IA, Class IB or any combination of these two classes. (3) In sprinklered mercantile occupancies, the maximum quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids permitted to be stored in a single suite shall be the lesser of (a) 24 L/m2 of the total area of the suite, provided that not more than 6 L/m2 are Class I liquids, of which not more than 1 L/m2 shall be Class IA, Class IB or any combination of these two classes, or (b) 24000 L, provided that not more than 6000 L are Class I liquids, of which not more than 1000 L shall be Class IA, Class IB or any combination of these two classes. (4) For the purposes of calculating permissible quantities in Sentences (2) and (3), mercantile occupancies of less than 250 m2 floor area shall be assumed to be 250 m2 in area. (5) Quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in excess of those permitted in Sentences (2) to (4) shall be kept in a storage area conforming to Subsection 4.2.7. Containers 4.2.5.3. (1) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids in mercantile occupancies shall be kept in closed containers. (2) Closed containers of Class I and II liquids shall not be stacked more than 1.5 m high on floors or 1 m high on individual fixed shelves. (3) Class I liquids in closed containers are permitted to be stored in basements of mercantile occupancies. Transfer 4.2.5.4. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), in mercantile occupancies, the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids from or into containers shall only be permitted in a storage room conforming to Subsection 4.2.9. (2) Tinting operations involving paint containers not exceeding 25 L in capacity may be carried out in mercantile occupancies outside of a storage room conforming to Subsection 4.2.9. Subsection 4.2.6. Business and Personal Services, Educational, Care, Care and Treatment and Detention Occupancies Application 4.2.6.1. This Subsection shall apply to the storage, handling and use of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in business and personal services, care, care and treatment or detention occupancies and shall include nonresidential schools, universities and colleges. Storage cabinets and storage rooms 4.2.6.2. (1) Except as permitted in Article 4.2.6.3., flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be kept in closed containers and stored (a) in cabinets conforming to Subsection 4.2.10., except that the total quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in such cabinets shall not exceed the quantity permitted for one cabinet, or (b) in a room having no openings communicating directly with the public portions of the building and conforming to Subsection 4.2.9. Maximum quantities 4.2.6.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the storage of flammable liquids and combustible liquids outside of a cabinet or storage room required in Article 4.2.6.2. is permitted, provided such storage does not exceed (a) 10 L, including not more than 5 L of Class I liquids, in a single room, or (b) 250 L, including not more than 60 L of Class II liquids or 10 L of Class I liquids, in a single fire compartment with a fire-resistance rating of at least 45 min. (2) In the automotive shops or industrial arts area of an educational facility, storage of up to 75 L of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, including not more than 25 L of Class I liquids, shall be permitted outside of a cabinet or storage room as required in Article 4.2.6.2. Containers 4.2.6.4. Where individual containers with a capacity of more than 5 L are required for storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids in a building, safety containers of not more than 25 L capacity conforming to ULC/ORD-C30, “Safety Containers”, shall be used. Separation of dangerous goods 4.2.6.5. Flammable liquids or combustible liquids stored in cabinets or storage rooms shall be separated from other dangerous goods in conformance with Article 4.2.2.3. Subsection 4.2.7. Industrial Occupancies Application 4.2.7.1. Except as provided in Subsection 4.2.12. regarding self-service storage buildings, this Subsection applies to the storage, handling and use of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in closed containers in industrial occupancies where storage in closed containers is the principal activity. Storage facilities 4.2.7.2. (1) In industrial occupancies, flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be stored (a) in storage areas conforming to Article 4.2.7.5., (b) in conformance with Subsection 4.2.8., (c) in rooms conforming to Subsection 4.2.9., or (d) in cabinets conforming to Subsection 4.2.10. Fire compartments 4.2.7.3. Fire compartments regulated by this Subsection shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 h. Dispensing and transfer 4.2.7.4. (1) Except as permitted in Subsection 4.2.8. and in Sentence (2), the dispensing or transfer of Class I or II liquids shall be conducted in rooms conforming to Subsection 4.2.9. (2) It is permitted to dispense or transfer Class I or II liquids in a storage area conforming to Article 4.2.7.5. provided (a) the storage area does not exceed 100 m2, and (b) the dispensing or transfer operations conform to the applicable requirements of Subsection 4.2.9. Maximum quantities 4.2.7.5. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the storage of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in storage areas specified in Clause 4.2.7.2.(1)(a) shall (a) conform to Table 4.2.7.5.A. (i) where it consists of palletized or solid piled storage, or (ii) where stored in racks in buildings not protected in conformance with Article 4.2.7.6., or (b) conform to Table 4.2.7.5.B. where stored in racks in buildings protected in conformance with Article 4.2.7.7. (2) Where a building or part of building is designed for the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids, there is no limit on the total quantity of storage per fire compartment provided the building or part of building is separated from adjacent buildings or parts of buildings by (a) a firewall having a fire-resistance rating of at least 4 h, or (b) spatial separation in conformance with the Building Code. (3) The quantities in each individual storage area shall not exceed the quantities specified in (a) Table 4.2.7.5.A. for palletized or solid pile storage or unprotected rack storage, or (b) Table 4.2.7.5.B. for protected rack storage. (4) Where containers for two or more liquids having different flash points are stored together in a single individual storage area, the maximum quantity permitted in the individual storage area shall equal that permitted for the liquid with the lowest flash point. (5) When flammable liquids or combustible liquids are stored in solid pile or rack storage configurations or a combination of both in a single fire compartment, the maximum quantity permitted for each class of liquid shall be calculated as follows: (qIA/QIA + qIB/QIB + qIC/QIC + qII/QII + qIIIA/QIIIA)Rack + (qIA/QIA + qIB/QIB + qIC/QIC + qII/QII + qIIIA/QIIIA)Solid Pile ≤ 1 where qIA, IB or IC = actual quantity of Class IA, IB or IC liquids present in a rack or solid pile, in litres, qII = actual quantity of Class II liquids present in a rack or solid pile, in litres, qIIIA = actual quantity of Class IIIA liquids present in a rack or solid pile, in litres, QIA, IB, IC = maximum quantity of Class IA, IB or IC liquids permitted in Table 4.2.7.5.A. or Table 4.2.7.5.B. for the arrangement, in litres, QII = maximum quantity of Class II liquids permitted in Table 4.2.7.5.A. or Table 4.2.7.5.B. for the arrangement, in litres, and QIIIA = maximum quantity of Class IIIA liquids permitted in Table 4.2.7.5.A. or Table 4.2.7.5.B. for the arrangement, in litres. Table 4.2.7.5.A. Indoor Container Storage (Palletized or Solid Piled Storage and Unprotected Rack Storage) Forming Part of Article 4.2.7.5. Class of Liquid Storage Level Protected Storage(1) -Maximum Quantity per Individual Storage Area, L Protected Storage(1) -Maximum Storage Height, m Protected Storage(1) -Maximum Quantity per Fire Compartment, L Unprotected Storage -Maximum Quantity per Individual Storage Area, L Unprotected Storage - Maximum Storage Height, m Unprotected Storage Maximum Quantity per Fire Compartment, L Class IA First storey 10000 1.5 50000 2500 1.5 2500 Class IA Storeys above the first storey 7500 1.5 30000 2500 1.5 2500 Class IA Basement Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Class IB or IC First storey 20000 2.0 60000 10000 1.5 10000 Class IB or IC Storeys above the first storey 10000 2.0 50000 10000 1.5 10000 Class IB or IC Basement Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Class II First storey and storeys above the first storey 40000 3.0 100000 15000 3.0 30000 Class II Basement 25000 1.5 25000 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Class IIIA First storey and storeys above the first storey 60000 6.0 200000 50000 4.5 100000 Class IIIA Basement 40000 3.0 100000 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Notes to Table 4.2.7.5.A.: (1) See Article 4.2.7.6. Table 4.2.7.5.B. Indoor Container Storage (Protected Rack Storage)(1) Forming Part of Article 4.2.7.5. Class of Liquid Storage Level Maximum Storage Height, m Maximum Quantity per Individual Storage Area and per Fire Compartment, L Class IA First storey 7.5 30000 Class IA Storeys above first storey 4.5 17000 Class IA Basement Not permitted Not permitted Class IB or IC First storey 7.5 60000 Class IB or IC Storeys above first storey 4.5 35000 Class IB or IC Basement Not permitted Not permitted Class II First storey 7.5 100000 Class II Storeys above first storey 7.5 100000 Class II Basement 4.5 35000 Class IIIA First storey 12.0 200000 Class IIIA Storeys above first storey 6.0 200000 Class IIIA Basement 6.0 100000 Notes to Table 4.2.7.5.B.: (1) See Article 4.2.7.6. Fire suppression systems 4.2.7.6. (1) Where protection is required by this Code, storage areas for flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be (a) sprinklered in conformance with NFPA 30, “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code”, or (b) protected by an automatic fire suppression system in conformance with an applicable standard set out in Article 2.1.3.5. Clearances 4.2.7.7. (1) The clearance between the top of storage and the lowest structural members shall not be less than 450 mm. (2) The clearance between the top of storage and the ceiling sprinkler deflectors or other overhead fire protection systems shall be in accordance with the standard used for the design of the respective system. (3) A clearance of not less than 400 mm shall be maintained between stored flammable liquids and combustible liquids and walls, except that where the width of storage adjacent to the wall is not more than 1.5 m, such wall clearance is not required. Aisles 4.2.7.8. Except as provided in Article 4.2.7.9., main aisles, access aisles and aisles defining individual storage areas shall be in conformance with Articles 3.2.2.5. and 3.2.2.6. Separation from other dangerous goods 4.2.7.9. Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be stored with other dangerous goods unless in conformance with Article 4.2.2.3. Separation from combustible products 4.2.7.10. Combustible materials, other than those used for the packaging of flammable liquids or combustible liquids, shall not be stored in the same individual storage area with such liquids. Absorbents 4.2.7.11. Absorbent materials shall be available in the storage area for use in clean-up of spilled flammable liquids or combustible liquids in conformance with Article 4.1.6.3. Ventilation 4.2.7.12. Storage areas described in Article 4.2.7.1. shall be ventilated in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7. Subsection 4.2.8. Incidental Use Application 4.2.8.1. Except as otherwise noted in this Part, this Subsection applies to industrial occupancies where the use, storage and handling of flammable liquids or combustible liquids is secondary to the principal activity. Maximum quantities 4.2.8.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and in Article 4.2.8.4., the quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids permitted to be located outside of storage rooms conforming to Subsection 4.2.7., 4.2.9. or 4.3.14., or storage cabinets conforming to Subsection 4.2.10., in any one fire compartment of a building, shall not be more than (a) 600 L of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in closed containers, of which not more than 100 L shall be Class IA liquids, and (b) 5000 L of Class IB, IC, II and IIIA liquids in storage tanks or portable tanks. (2) Where required for normal plant activity, quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids are permitted to exceed those specified in Sentence (1), but shall not be greater than the supply for one day of normal operation. (3) Where larger quantities than those permitted by Sentence (2) are required, such quantities shall be in storage tanks installed in conformance with Sentence 4.3.13.4.(2). Handling 4.2.8.3. (1) Areas in which flammable liquids or combustible liquids are transferred from one container or storage tank to another, or where they are used in such a way as to release potentially explosive concentrations of flammable vapours, shall be (a) separated from possible sources of ignition by a spatial separation of not less than 6 m or by a fire separation, (b) provided with a drainage system to control spills in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6., (c) provided with absorbent materials to assist in clean-up of small liquid spills in conformance with Article 4.1.6.3., (d) provided with either natural or mechanical ventilation in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7., and (e) separated from other dangerous goods in conformance with Article 4.2.2.3. General storage areas 4.2.8.4. (1) In a general storage area covered in Subsection 3.2.2., quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids are permitted to exceed those in Sentence 4.2.8.2.(1) provided the storage area is in conformance with Sentences (2) to (6). (2) The storage area referred to in Sentence (1) shall be sprinklered in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, providing a level of protection not less than that required for Class IV commodities stored up to a height of 6 m. (3) The height of storage of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be not more than that permitted for unprotected storage in Table 4.2.7.5.A. (4) When a single class of liquid is stored, the total quantity in a single fire compartment shall be not more than (a) 2500 L of Class IB and IC liquids, (b) 5000 L of Class II liquids, or (c) 10000 L of Class IIIA liquids. (5) When two or more classes of liquid are stored in the same fire compartment, the total quantity permitted for each class of liquid shall be calculated as follows: (qI / 2500) + (qII / 5000) + (qIIIA / 10000) ≤ 1 where qI = actual quantity of Class IB and IC liquids present, in litres, qII = actual quantity of Class II liquids present, in litres, and qIIIA = actual quantity of Class IIIA liquids present, in litres. (6) When two or more classes of liquid are stored in the same individual storage area, the maximum quantity permitted in the individual storage area shall be that permitted for the liquid with the lowest limit listed in Sentence (4). Subsection 4.2.9. Rooms for Container Storage and Dispensing Maximum quantities 4.2.9.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), where flammable liquids and combustible liquids are stored in a room required in this Part, the storage densities averaged over the total room area and the total quantities of such liquids shall conform to Table 4.2.9.1. (2) The maximum quantities and densities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shown in Table 4.2.9.1. are permitted to be doubled provided the storage room is protected by an automatic fire suppression system conforming to Article 4.2.7.6. (3) The maximum quantities of Class I liquids in an unprotected storage room with a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h shall (a) not exceed those specified for unprotected storage in Table 4.2.7.5.A., and (b) comply with Sentences 4.2.7.5.(4) and (5). Table 4.2.9.1. Rooms for Container Storage and Dispensing Forming Part of Article 4.2.9.1. Maximum Quantity, L Minimum Fire Separation Around Room, h Maximum Density, L/m2 10000 2 200 1500 1 100 Spill control 4.2.9.2. (1) Storage rooms referred to in Article 4.2.9.1. shall be liquid-tight where the walls join the floor and shall be equipped with a liquid-tight ramped sill at any door opening in an interior wall. (2) Storage rooms referred to in Sentence (1) shall be designed to accommodate possible spills of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Aisles 4.2.9.3. The contents of flammable liquid and combustible liquid storage rooms referred to in Article 4.2.9.1. shall be arranged to provide aisle widths of not less than 1 m. Dispensing 4.2.9.4. Dispensing of flammable liquids or combustible liquids from containers having a capacity of more than 30 L shall be by pumps or through self-closing valves, designed in conformance with good engineering practice. Explosion venting 4.2.9.5. Except for the storage of distilled beverage alcohol, where Class IA or IB liquids are used, dispensed or stored in open containers within a storage room, the room shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage from an internal explosion in conformance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”. Ventilation 4.2.9.6. Storage rooms referred to in Article 4.2.9.1. shall be ventilated in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7. Portable extinguishers 4.2.9.7. Portable extinguishers shall be provided for storage rooms described in Article 4.2.9.1. in conformance with Section 6.2. Subsection 4.2.10. Cabinets for Container Storage Containers 4.2.10.1 Flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in cabinets required in this Part shall be in closed containers conforming to Article 4.2.3.1. Maximum quantity per cabinet 4.2.10.2 The maximum quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in a cabinet shall be 500 L. Maximum quantity per fire compartment 4.2.10.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the total quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in cabinets in a single fire compartment shall not exceed the quantity permitted in Article 4.2.10.2 for three cabinets. (2) In industrial occupancies, quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids greater than those specified in Sentence (1) are permitted in a single fire compartment if (a) the total quantity stored in a group of cabinets is not more than the quantity permitted for three cabinets, and (b) the distance between groups of cabinets described in Clause (a) is not less than 30 m. (3) In care, care and treatment or detention occupancies, the total quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in cabinets in a single fire compartment shall not exceed the quantity permitted for one cabinet. Labelling 4.2.10.4 Cabinets for container storage shall be labelled in conspicuous lettering to indicate that the cabinet contains flammable materials and that open flames must be kept away. Fire endurance 4.2.10.5 (1) Storage cabinets required in this Part shall conform to ULC/ORD-C1275, “Guide for the Investigation of Storage Cabinets for Flammable Liquid Containers”. (2) Storage cabinets that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Ventilation 4.2.10.6. (1) When a storage cabinet required in this Part is provided with ventilation openings (a) the ventilation openings shall be sealed with materials providing a fire protection at least equivalent to that required for the construction of the cabinet, or (b) the cabinet shall be vented outdoors using vent piping providing a fire protection at least equivalent to that required in Clause (a) for seals. Subsection 4.2.11. Outdoor Container Storage Quantities and clearances 4.2.11.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the quantities and clearances for flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in containers in outdoor storage areas shall conform to Table 4.2.11.1. (2) The clearances required in Sentence (1) do not apply where not more than 5000 L of flammable liquids or combustible liquids are stored adjacent to a building on the same property, provided that either (a) the building is limited to 1 storey in building height and is used primarily for the storage or handling of flammable liquids or combustible liquids, or (b) the exposed wall has a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 h and has no openings within 3 m of such outdoor storage. Table 4.2.11.1. Outdoor Container Storage Forming Part of Article 4.2.11.1. Class of Liquid Maximum Total Quantity per Pile, L Minimum Distance between Piles, m Minimum Distance to a Property Line or to a Building on the Same Property, m Class IA 5000 1.5 6 Class IB or IC 15000 1.5 6 Class II 35000 1.5 6 Class IIIA 85000 1.5 6 Mixed storage 4.2.11.2. Where two or more liquids with different flash points are stored outdoors in containers that form a single pile, the maximum total quantity permitted in the pile shall be equal to that permitted for the liquid with the lowest flash point. Fire department access 4.2.11.3. An access route not less than 6 m wide constructed in conformance with Subsection 3.2.5. of Division B of the Building Code shall be provided in outdoor storage areas to permit the approach of fire department vehicles to within 60 m of any part of a pile. Spill control 4.2.11.4. Outdoor storage areas for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be designed to accommodate possible spillage in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Fencing 4.2.11.5. (1) An outdoor area used for the container storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be surrounded by a firmly anchored fence that is (a) substantially constructed to discourage climbing and unauthorized entry, (b) not less than 1.8 m high, and (c) provided with gates that shall be locked when the storage area is not staffed. (2) When in a fire department access route, the gates required in Clause (1)(c) shall be of adequate width and design, and in a location that readily permits the entry of fire department vehicles. (3) Fencing that is installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Sentence (2). Subsection 4.2.12. Self-Service Storage Buildings Application 4.2.12.1. This Subsection applies to the storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in self-service storage buildings within the scope of Section 3.10 of Division B of the Building Code. Maximum quantities 4.2.12.2. Not more than 50 L of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, of which not more than 30 L shall be Class I liquids, are permitted to be stored in individual self-service storage units within a self-service storage building. Dispensing and handling 4.2.12.3. Except within a dwelling unit, the dispensing and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be permitted within self-service storage buildings. Section 4.3 Tank Storage Subsection 4.3.1. Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks Application 4.3.1.1. This Section applies to storage tanks for flammable liquids and combustible liquids. Atmospheric storage tanks 4.3.1.2. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (3) and (5) and in Section 4.10., atmospheric storage tanks shall be built in conformance with the following: (a) except as provided in Sentence (2), API SPEC 12B, “Specification for Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids”, (b) except as provided in Sentence (2), API SPEC 12D, “Specification for Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids”, (c) except as provided in Sentence (2), API SPEC 12F, “Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids”, (d) API STD 650, “Welded Tanks for Oil Storage”, (e) CAN/ULC-S601, “Standard for Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, (f) CAN/ULC-S602, “Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Fuel Oil and Lubricating Oil”, (g) CAN/ULC-S603, “Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, (h) CAN/ULC-S603.1, “Standard for External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, (i) CAN/ULC-S615, “Standard for Fibre Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, (j) CAN/ULC-S652, “Standard for Tank Assemblies for the Collection, Storage and Removal of Used Oil”, (k) CAN/ULC-S653, “Aboveground Steel Contained Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, (l) ULC-S655, “Aboveground Protected Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, (m) CAN/ULC-S677, “Standard for Fire Tested Aboveground Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, or (n) ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2258, “Standard for Aboveground Nonmetallic Tanks for Fuel Oil and Other Combustible Liquids”. (2) Tanks built in conformance with Clause (1)(a), (b) or (c) shall be (a) used only for the storage of crude petroleum and oil field production liquids, and (b) provided with emergency venting that (i) conforms to API STD 2000, “Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks”, and (ii) is compatible with the design features of the tank. (3) When necessitated by possible contamination of the liquid to be stored or possible rapid corrosion of the tank, storage tanks need not conform to Sentence (1), provided that they are designed and built in conformance with good engineering practice for the material being used. (4) Atmospheric storage tanks shall not be used for the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids at temperatures at or above their boiling points. (5) Atmospheric storage tanks that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Low pressure storage tanks and pressure vessels 4.3.1.3. (1) Low pressure storage tanks shall be constructed in conformance with (a) API STD 620, “Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks”, or (b) ASME BPVC, “Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code”. (2) Pressure vessels shall be constructed in conformance with CSA B51, “Boiler, Pressure Vessel and Pressure Piping Code”. (3) Low pressure storage tanks and pressure vessels are permitted to be used as atmospheric storage tanks. Operating pressure 4.3.1.4. The normal operating pressure of a storage tank shall not exceed its design pressure. Corrosion protection 4.3.1.5. Aboveground storage tanks and their integral fittings that are subject to corrosion shall be protected by any means against exposure to conditions that would initiate corrosion. Floating roofs 4.3.1.6. Except for perimeter sealing material, floating roof assemblies or internal floating covers installed in storage tanks shall be constructed of metal or other materials and designed in conformance with one of the tank construction standards listed in this Subsection. Identification 4.3.1.7. (1) A storage tank and its filling and emptying connections shall be identified in conformance with CFA 1990, “Using the Canadian Fuels Colour-Symbol System to Mark Equipment and Vehicles for Product Identification”. (2) A storage tank and its filling and emptying connections that were identified in conformance with the requirements of this Code on or before December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Overfill protection 4.3.1.8. (1) Except as required in Sentences (2) and (3), a storage tank shall be prevented from being overfilled by providing (a) continuous supervision of the filling operations by persons qualified to supervise such operations, or (b) an overfill protection device conforming to CAN/ULC-S661, “Standard for Overfill Protection Devices for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage Tanks”. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), tight-filled aboveground horizontal storage tanks and underground storage tanks shall be prevented from being overfilled by providing a positive shut-off device conforming to CAN/ULC-S661, “Standard for Overfill Protection Devices for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Storage Tanks”. (3) Storage tanks that are filled remotely with used lubricating oil described in Article 4.1.2.4. shall be prevented from being overfilled by providing an overfill protection device in accordance with Clause (1)(b). (4) Storage tanks that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentences (1), (2) and (3). Installation and use 4.3.1.9. Unless otherwise specified in this Code, a storage tank shall be installed and used in conformance with the applicable installation and use provisions of the design document to which the storage tank was built as required by this Section. Reuse 4.3.1.10. (1) A storage tank that has been taken out of service shall not be reused for the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids unless it has been (a) refurbished so as to conform to one of the standards listed in Sentence 4.3.1.2.(1), (b) refurbished so as to conform to CAN/ULC-S676, “Standard for Refurbishing of Storage Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, or (c) refurbished in conformance with Sentence (2) or (3). (2) A storage tank is permitted to be refurbished for aboveground use in conformance with (a) API STD 653, “Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction”, and (b) STI/SPFA SP031, “Standard for Repair of Shop Fabricated Aboveground Tanks for Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (3) A storage tank is permitted to be refurbished for underground use in conformance with CAN/ULC-S669, “Standard for Internal Retrofit Systems for Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (4) A riveted storage tank shall not be relocated. (5) A refurbished storage tank that is installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, that was refurbished on or before that day and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Subsection 4.3.2. Installation of Outside Aboveground Storage Tanks Location 4.3.2.1. (1) Every outside aboveground storage tank for the storage of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be located in conformance with Sentences (2) to (5) with respect to a property line or a building on the same property. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (6) and (7), every aboveground storage tank containing stable liquids and having a working pressure of not more than 17 kPa (gauge) shall be separated from a property line or a building on the same property by distances (a) half those in Table 4.3.2.1., where protection is provided against fire or explosion in the tank in conformance with Sentence 4.3.2.5.(2), or (b) equal to those in Table 4.3.2.1., where protection referred to in Clause (a) is not provided. (3) Every aboveground storage tank containing unstable liquids and having a working pressure of not more than 17 kPa (gauge) shall be separated from a property line or a building on the same property by distances (a) equal to those in Table 4.3.2.1., but not less than 7.5 m, where protection is provided against fire or explosion in the tank in conformance with Sentence 4.3.2.5.(2), or (b) three times those in Table 4.3.2.1., but not less than 15 m, where protection referred to in Clause (a) is not provided. (4) Every aboveground storage tank containing boil-over liquids shall be separated from a property line or a building on the same property by distances (a) 0.75 times those in Table 4.3.2.1., where protection is provided against fire or explosion in the tank in conformance with Sentence 4.3.2.5.(2), or (b) equal to those in Table 4.3.2.1., where protection referred to in Clause (a) is not provided. (5) Where a storage tank containing stable liquids or unstable liquids has a working pressure greater than 17 kPa (gauge), the distances from a property line or a building on the same property shall be those specified in Sentences (2) and (3) multiplied by 1.5, but shall be not less than 7.5 m. (6) The minimum distance required in Sentence (2) from a storage tank containing only Class II or IIIA liquids to a building on the same property is permitted to be reduced to (a) 1.5 m provided the tank capacity is not more than 50000 L, or (b) zero provided the tank capacity is not more than 2500 L. (7) The minimum distance required in Sentence (2) is permitted to be waived provided the storage tank is in conformance with ULC-S655, “Aboveground Protected Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids” and has a capacity of not more than 50000 L. (8) Where end failure of horizontal storage tanks may endanger adjacent property, the tanks shall be placed with the longitudinal axis parallel to such property. Table 4.3.2.1. Location of Aboveground Storage Tanks Forming Part of Article 4.3.2.1. Maximum Tank Capacity, L Minimum Distance to a Property Line or to a Building on the Same Property, m 250000 3 500000 4.5 2500000 9 5000000 12 > 5000000 15 Spacing between storage tanks 4.3.2.2. (1) Except as required in Sentences (2) and (3) and in Article 4.3.2.3., the minimum distance between every combination of two aboveground storage tanks shall be 0.25 times the sum of their diameters, but shall be not less than 1 m. (2) The minimum distance between any two storage tanks, neither of which has a capacity of more than 250000 L, shall be 1 m. (3) Where either of two aboveground storage tanks contains unstable liquids, the distance required in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be doubled. Clearances from liquefied petroleum gas cylinders and tanks 4.3.2.3. (1) The minimum separation between a flammable liquid or combustible liquid storage tank and a liquefied petroleum gas cylinder or tank shall be 6 m. (2) Secondary containments for flammable liquid and combustible liquid storage tanks shall not contain any liquefied petroleum gas cylinder or tank, and the centre line of the secondary containment wall shall be not less than (a) 3 m away from a liquefied petroleum gas cylinder, and (b) 6 m away from a liquefied petroleum gas tank. Fire department access 4.3.2.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be spaced so that each storage tank is accessible for firefighting purposes. (2) An access route constructed in conformance with Subsection 3.2.5. of Division B of the Building Code shall be provided in outdoor storage areas to permit the approach of fire department vehicles to within 60 m travelling distance of any storage tank. (3) Where firefighting access to storage tanks containing Class I or II liquids is not provided, fire extinguishing measures conforming to Sentence 4.3.2.5.(2) shall be provided. Fire protection systems 4.3.2.5. (1) Where the diameter of a storage tank exceeds 45 m, the storage tank shall be provided with protection against fires or explosions in conformance with Sentence (2). (2) Protection against fires or explosions required for a storage tank shall consist of fixed protection systems designed in conformance with good engineering practice such as that described in (a) NFPA 11, “Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam”, (b) NFPA 15, “Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection”, and (c) NFPA 69, “Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems”. Subsection 4.3.3. Supports, Foundations and Anchorage for Aboveground Storage Tanks Foundations and supports 4.3.3.1. (1) Storage tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations, supports or piling made of concrete, masonry or steel. (2) Tank supports shall be installed on firm foundations designed to minimize uneven settling of the tank and to minimize corrosion of the part of the tank resting on the foundation. (3) Where the clearance below the base of the tank exceeds 300 mm, tank supports shall have a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 h. (4) Every aboveground storage tank shall be supported in a manner that will prevent the allowable design stress of the tank from being exceeded. Earthquake protection 4.3.3.2. (1) In areas subject to earthquake forces, storage tanks, supports and connections shall be designed to resist such forces in conformance with (a) Part 4 of Division B of the Building Code, and (b) Appendix A2 of CAN/ULC-S601, “Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. Protection against flooding 4.3.3.3. When aboveground storage tanks are located in an area that is subject to flooding, the tanks shall be securely anchored to prevent floating. Subsection 4.3.4. Normal and Emergency Venting for Aboveground Storage Tanks Design and installation 4.3.4.1. (1) Atmospheric and low pressure storage tanks shall be provided with normal and emergency venting in conformance with (a) API STD 2000, “Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks”, or (b) the tank design standards listed in Sentence 4.3.1.2.(1). Unstable liquids 4.3.4.2. When unstable liquids are stored, the effects of heat or gas resulting from polymerization, decomposition, condensation or self-reactivity shall be allowed for in the determination of the total venting capacity. Subsection 4.3.5. Vent Piping for Aboveground Storage Tanks Materials and construction 4.3.5.1. Except at distilleries covered in Section 4.10., vent piping materials and construction shall conform to Subsections 4.5.2., 4.5.3. and 4.5.5. Location of vent pipe outlets 4.3.5.2. (1) Normal vent pipe outlets for storage tanks of Class I liquids (a) shall be located outside buildings not less than (i) 3.5 m above the adjacent ground level, and (ii) 1.5 m from any building opening, and (b) shall discharge so that flammable vapours will not enter the building or be trapped near any part of the building. (2) Normal vent pipe outlets for storage tanks of Class II or IIIA liquids shall discharge outside buildings not less than (a) 2 m above the adjacent ground level, and (b) 1.5 m from any building opening. (3) Emergency vent outlets for storage tanks shall discharge outside buildings not less than 1.5 m from any building opening and from any combustible component of any building’s exterior wall. Interconnection of vent piping 4.3.5.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), two or more storage tanks are permitted to be connected to a common vent pipe for normal relief venting provided the vent pipe size is designed to vent the combined vapours produced in the connected tanks without exceeding the allowable stresses of the tanks. (2) Vent piping for storage tanks for Class I liquids shall not be connected to vent piping for storage tanks for Class II or IIIA liquids unless an effective arrangement is provided to prevent the vapours from the Class I liquids from entering the other tanks. Subsection 4.3.6. Openings Other than Vents in Aboveground Storage Tanks Provision of valves 4.3.6.1. (1) Each connection to an aboveground storage tank through which the liquid can normally flow shall be provided with an internal or external shut-off valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank. (2) Each connection to an aboveground storage tank that is below the liquid level and through which liquid does not normally flow shall be provided with a liquid-tight closing device. Materials 4.3.6.2. (1) Valves and their connections to a storage tank shall be made of steel, except that when the chemical characteristics of the liquid stored are incompatible with steel, materials other than steel are permitted to be used. (2) Materials for valves and their connections to a storage tank shall be suitable for the pressures, stresses and temperatures that may be expected, including those of possible fire exposure. Openings for liquid level measurements 4.3.6.3. Openings for measuring liquid levels in storage tanks for Class I liquids shall be equipped with caps or covers which shall be opened only when measuring the liquid level. Connections for filling and emptying 4.3.6.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), connections used as part of normal operating conditions for filling or emptying storage tanks for flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be located (a) outside buildings, (b) at a location free of sources of ignition, and (c) not less than 1.5 m away from building openings. (2) Connections for filling or emptying storage tanks shall be kept closed to prevent leakage when not in use. (3) A filling connection described in Sentence (1) is permitted to be located inside a building if (a) this is made necessary (i) by a process or activity located indoors and to which the tank is directly associated, or (ii) for the collection of used liquids, and (b) the fill piping is provided with means to prevent flammable vapours from returning to the building. (4) Connections for filling or emptying storage tanks shall be provided with a spill containment device designed to catch, retain and provide for the evacuation of spilled flammable liquids or combustible liquids in conformance with CAN/ULC-S663, “Standard for Spill Containment Devices for Flammable and Combustible Liquid Aboveground Storage Tanks”. Subsection 4.3.7. Secondary Containment for Aboveground Storage Tanks General 4.3.7.1. (1) The area surrounding a storage tank or group of storage tanks shall be designed to accommodate accidental spillage in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. (2) Where barriers described in Sentence 4.1.6.1.(1) are provided to contain accidental spillage from aboveground storage tanks, they shall conform to the requirements for secondary containment in this Subsection. (3) A storage tank conforming to Sentence 4.3.7.4.(2) shall be considered as conforming to this Subsection provided it is used and maintained in conformance with Articles 4.3.7.8. and 4.3.7.9. Construction 4.3.7.2. (1) The base and walls of a secondary containment shall be made of noncombustible materials, and shall be designed, constructed and maintained to (a) withstand full hydrostatic head, and (b) provide a permeability of not more than 10-6 cm/s to the flammable liquids or combustible liquids contained in the storage tanks. (2) A membrane providing the level of impermeability required in Clause (1)(b) shall (a) conform to CAN/ULC-S668, “Standard for Liners Used for Secondary Containment of Aboveground Flammable and Combustible Liquid Tanks”, and (b) be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. (3) A membrane that is installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Clause (2)(a). (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), openings shall not be permitted in a secondary containment. (5) Where piping passes through a secondary containment, such passages shall conform to Sentences (1) and (2). Capacity 4.3.7.3.

(1) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), a secondary containment for a single storage tank shall have a volumetric capacity of not less than 110% of the capacity of the tank. (2) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), a secondary containment for more than one storage tank shall have a volumetric capacity of not less than the sum of (a) the capacity of the largest storage tank located in the contained space, and (b) 10% of the greater of (i) the capacity specified in Clause (a), or (ii) the aggregate capacity of all other storage tanks located in the contained space. (3) When the secondary containment is designed to prevent the entry of precipitation and water used for firefighting purposes into the contained space, it shall have a volumetric capacity of not less than the capacity of the largest storage tank located in the contained space. Clearances 4.3.7.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), no part of a secondary containment wall shall be less than 1.5 m from a storage tank shell. (2) The distance required in Sentence (1) is permitted to be waived, provided the storage tank (a) has a capacity of not more than 50000 L and is constructed in accordance with (i) CAN/ULC-S652, “Standard for Tank Assemblies for the Collection, Storage and Removal of Used Oil”, CAN/ULC-S653, “Aboveground Steel Contained Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, or CAN/ULC-S677, “Standard for Fire Tested Aboveground Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, incorporating secondary containment, or (ii) CAN/ULC-S601, “Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, for double-walled storage tanks, or (b) conforms to ULC-S655, “Aboveground Protected Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (3) Aboveground storage tanks shall be protected by posts or guardrails where they are exposed to potential collision damage. (4) Secondary containment walls that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentences (1), (2) and (3). Access to storage tanks and ancillary equipment 4.3.7.5. (1) A secondary containment shall permit (a) access to storage tanks, valves and ancillary equipment, (b) egress from the contained space, and (c) access for firefighting as specified in Article 4.3.2.4. (2) Where a storage tank contains Class I liquids, provisions shall be made for the normal operation of valves and for access to the storage tank roof without entering the contained space created by the secondary containment when (a) the average height of the secondary containment exceeds 3.5 m, measured from the ground level of the interior of the contained area, or (b) the distance between the tank shell and the top inside edge of the secondary containment wall is less than the height of this wall. Emergency venting 4.3.7.6. Where the secondary containment is not open to the atmosphere, emergency venting shall be provided to relieve any buildup of internal pressure in the contained space when exposed to heat or fire. Leak detection 4.3.7.7. Where the contained space created by the secondary containment is not accessible for an internal visual examination and the secondary containment is not sloped so as to permit liquid to flow to a specific location that can be monitored, a monitoring device shall be provided to indicate the loss of integrity of the secondary containment. Drainage 4.3.7.8. (1) Liquids, debris and precipitation shall not accumulate in the contained space created by the secondary containment. (2) Provisions shall be made for removing liquid from the secondary containment in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. (3) Controls for the liquid removal system required in Sentence (2) shall be (a) normally closed, (b) accessible under fire exposure conditions, and (c) located so they can be operated from outside the contained space. Use of secondary containment 4.3.7.9. The contained space created by a secondary containment shall not be used for storage purposes. Subsection 4.3.8. Installation of Underground Storage Tanks Construction 4.3.8.1. (1) Storage tanks installed underground shall be of double-walled construction and shall be built in conformance with the underground storage tank standards identified in Sentence 4.3.1.2.(1). (2) Underground storage tanks that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that do not comply with Sentence (1) may remain in-service if the tanks continue to meet those requirements and are not leaking. Location 4.3.8.2. (1) Underground storage tanks shall be located so that loads from building foundations and supports are not transmitted to the tank and the foundations of buildings will not be undermined during excavation. (2) Underground storage tanks shall be separated by a horizontal distance of not less than (a) 600 mm from adjacent underground tanks or structures, (b) 1 m from a building foundation or a street line, and (c) 1.5 m from other property lines. Ground cover 4.3.8.3. (1) Except as required in Sentences (2) to (4), underground storage tanks shall be installed with not less than 600 mm of ground cover over the tank. (2) Except as required in Sentence (3), storage tanks subjected to vehicular traffic shall be installed not less than 1 m below finished ground level. (3) Either a 150 mm reinforced concrete slab or a 200 mm unreinforced concrete slab over not less than 450 mm of sand is permitted in lieu of the protection described in Sentence (2) provided the slab extends at least 300 mm beyond the storage tank. (4) Where subsurface conditions make it impracticable to install a storage tank totally below adjacent ground level, an underground storage tank shall be installed so that at least (a) 75% of its mass is below adjacent ground level, provided there is not less than 600 mm of ground cover over the portion of the tank above adjacent ground level, or (b) 50% of its mass is below adjacent ground level, provided there is not less than 1 m of ground cover over the portion of the tank above adjacent ground level. Damage repair 4.3.8.4. (1) Underground storage tanks that are in the process of being installed shall be inspected and any damage to the tank shell, protective coating, fittings or anodes shall be repaired before they are lowered into the excavation. (2) Damage to storage tank shells shall not be repaired on site. Damage prevention 4.3.8.5. (1) Underground storage tanks shall be lowered into the excavation by the use of lifting lugs and hooks and, where necessary, spreader bars to prevent damage to the tank shell, protective coating, fittings or anodes. (2) Any method of handling that might result in damage to the protective coating of the tank shall not be used. Installation 4.3.8.6. (1) Underground steel storage tanks shall be installed in conformance with Appendix A of CAN/ULC-S603.1, “Standard for External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (2) Underground reinforced plastic storage tanks shall be installed in conformance with Appendix B of CAN/ULC-S615, “Standard for Fibre Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (3) Underground storage tanks shall not be placed in direct contact with concrete slabs but shall be separated by not less than 150 mm of sand or other suitable reinforced material to evenly distribute the weight of the tank on the supporting base. Filling 4.3.8.7. (1) Flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be placed in an underground storage tank until (a) the fill pipe and vent line have been installed in the tank, and (b) all other openings have been sealed. Spillage 4.3.8.8. If a spillage occurs, the escaped liquid and all soil contaminated by the spill shall be removed in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Anchorage 4.3.8.9. (1) Underground storage tanks shall be protected against hydrostatic forces which can cause the uplift of the tanks once they are empty. (2) Where anchors and ground straps are used to resist the uplift forces referred to in Sentence (1), they shall be (a) electrically isolated from the tank, and (b) installed in such a manner that they do not damage the tank's shell, protective coating, fittings or anodes. Subsection 4.3.9. Sumps Installation 4.3.9.1. (1) A dispenser sump shall be provided under a dispenser, unless the dispenser is located on top of an aboveground storage tank. (2) A spill containment sump shall be provided at every underground storage tank fill point. (3) A transition sump shall be provided for all mechanical pipe connections located below grade. (4) A turbine sump shall be provided for all turbine pump assemblies located below grade or above grade where they are not readily visible. (5) In addition to the requirements of Article 4.3.9.2., the sumps referred to in Sentences (1) to (4) shall be installed in conformance with the sump manufacturer’s instructions. Construction 4.3.9.2. Sumps required by Article 4.3.9.1. shall be constructed in accordance with CAN/ULC-S664, “Standard for Containment Sumps, Sump Fittings, and Accessories for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. Leak detection monitoring 4.3.9.3. Where dispenser sumps, turbine sumps and transition sumps referred to in Article 4.3.9.1. are used in underground applications, they shall be provided with an electronic monitoring device to indicate the presence of liquid. Subsection 4.3.10. Corrosion Protection of Underground Steel Storage Tanks Corrosion protection 4.3.10.1. (1) Underground steel storage tanks and integral fittings subject to corrosion shall be (a) protected in conformance with CAN/ULC-S603.1, “Standard for External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, or (b) protected by impressed current in conformance with NACE SP0285, “Corrosion Control of Underground Storage Tank Systems by Cathodic Protection”. Subsection 4.3.11. Vents for Underground Storage Tanks Vent design 4.3.11.1. Underground storage tanks shall be provided with vent openings and piping of sufficient cross-sectional area designed to vent the tanks during the maximum filling or withdrawal rate without causing the allowable stress for the tank to be exceeded. Materials and construction 4.3.11.2. Except at distilleries covered in Section 4.10, vent piping materials and construction shall conform to Subsections 4.5.2., 4.5.3. and 4.5.5. Installation 4.3.11.3. (1) Vent pipe outlets from underground storage tanks for Class I liquids (a) shall be located outside buildings higher than the fill pipe openings but not less than (i) 3.5 m above the adjacent ground level, (ii) 1.5 m from any building opening, and (iii) 7.5 m from any dispenser, and (b) shall discharge so that flammable vapours will not enter building openings or be trapped near any part of the building. (2) Vent pipe outlets from underground storage tanks for Class II or IIIA liquids shall be located outside buildings at a height that is above the fill pipe opening but not less than 2 m above finished ground level. (3) Vent pipes from underground storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be obstructed by any device that may cause excessive back pressure, except that vent pipes from underground storage tanks for Class II or IIIA liquids are permitted to be fitted with return bends, coarse screens or other devices to minimize the entry of foreign material. (4) Vent piping shall enter the storage tank through the top of the tank and shall not extend into the tank more than 25 mm. (5) Vent piping shall be (a) installed so that any nominally horizontal run shall slope towards the storage tank, (b) constructed without traps, (c) adequately supported to prevent sagging, and (d) where necessary, protected against mechanical damage. (6) Vent piping shall be tested for leaks at the commissioning stage in conformance with Clause 4.4.1.2.(1)(a). (7) Vent piping with operational vent alarms that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (4). Interconnection of vent pipes 4.3.11.4. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), where vent piping connects two or more storage tanks, pipe sizes shall be designed to vent the combined vapours produced in the connected underground storage tanks without exceeding the allowable stresses of the tanks when being filled simultaneously. (2) Where it is not possible to fill the connected storage tanks referred to in Sentence (1) simultaneously, or where the connected vents have a vapour recovery system, the vent piping shall be sized to accommodate the maximum vapour flow possible in the system. (3) Vent piping for an underground storage tank containing a Class I liquid shall not be connected to the vent piping for a storage tank containing a Class II or IIIA liquid unless an effective method is provided to prevent the vapours from the Class I liquid storage tank from entering the other tank. Subsection 4.3.12. Openings Other than Vents in Underground Storage Tanks Connections 4.3.12.1. Connections for all openings in underground storage tanks shall be liquid- and vapour-tight. Openings for measuring liquid level 4.3.12.2. Openings for measuring liquid levels in underground storage tanks if independent of the fill pipe shall be equipped with a vapour-tight cap or cover which shall be opened only when measuring the liquid level. Fill piping and discharge piping 4.3.12.3. (1) Fill piping and discharge piping shall enter underground storage tanks only through the top of the tank and discharge piping used in suction systems shall be sloped toward the storage tanks. (2) The fill point of an underground storage tank shall not be located higher than the discharge point of the tank’s vent. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (5), connections used as part of normal operating conditions for filling or emptying storage tanks for flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be located (a) outside buildings, (b) at a location free of sources of ignition, and (c) not less than 1.5 m away from building openings. (4) Connections for filling or emptying storage tanks described in Sentence (3) shall be kept closed to prevent leakage when not in use. (5) A filling connection described in Sentence (3) is permitted to be located inside a building if (a) this is made necessary (i) by a process or activity located indoors and to which the storage tank is directly associated, or (ii) for the collection of used liquids, and (b) the fill piping is provided with means to prevent flammable vapours from returning to the building. (6) If a fill piping system has an offset component from the fill point on the storage tank, all fill pipes shall be (a) double-walled, (b) sloped to the storage tank, and (c) electronically monitored for leak detection in conformance with Section 4.4. (7) Where the fill point is below the normal liquid level in the storage tank (a) the fill line shall be equipped with a manual or automatic valve located at the fill point to prevent spillage when the fill cap is removed, and (b) if the storage tank contains flammable liquids or combustible liquids, the fill line drop tube shall be equipped with a method to prevent siphoning of the tank's content should a leak occur in the fill line. (8) Fill piping systems that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentences (6) and (7). Subsection 4.3.13. Installation of Storage Tanks inside Buildings Occupancy 4.3.13.1. (1) Except as provided in Article 4.3.13.2., storage tanks located inside buildings shall conform to Subsections 4.3.13. to 4.3.15. and be permitted in (a) industrial occupancies, and (b) occupancies other than industrial occupancies where combustible liquids are stored and used as fuel for oil-burning equipment, emergency generators and fire pumps. Stationary combustion engines 4.3.13.2. Installations using Class I liquids as fuel supplies for stationary engines inside buildings shall conform to NFPA 37, “Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines”. Maximum static head 4.3.13.3. The static head imposed on a storage tank inside a building shall not exceed 70 kPa (gauge) at the bottom of the tank when the vent or fill pipe is filled with liquid unless the tank is designed for greater pressures. Maximum quantities and location 4.3.13.4. (1) Except as provided in Subsection 4.2.8. and in Sentence (2), storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be (a) located in dedicated storage rooms conforming to Subsection 4.3.14., and (b) located in conformance with Tables 4.3.13.4.A. and 4.3.13.4.B. (2) When quantities greater than those permitted for incidental use in Subsection 4.2.8. are required for special process operations, storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids are permitted to be located outside of a storage room referred to in Sentence (1), provided that (a) total quantities per fire compartment are not more than one-half the quantities permitted in Table 4.3.13.4.A., (b) they are located on the first storey, and (c) the installation conforms to Articles 4.3.13.9. to 4.3.13.12. and 4.3.14.5. (3) Table 4.3.13.4.A. does not apply to the storage of distilled beverage alcohol. Table 4.3.13.4.A. Indoor Tank Storage in Industrial Occupancies Forming Part of Article 4.3.13.4. Class of Liquid Storage Level Maximum Quantity per Storage Room(1), L One or More Tanks Protected Storage(2) Maximum Quantity per Storage Room(1), L One or More Tanks Unprotected Storage Class I First storey 40000 25000 Class I Storeys above the first storey 7500 Not permitted Class I Basement Not permitted Not permitted Classes II and IIIA First storey 200000 100000 Classes II and IIIA Storeys above the first storey 20000 Not permitted Classes II and IIIA Basement 20000 Not permitted Notes to Table 4.3.13.4.A.: (1) See Subsection 4.3.14. (2) See Article 4.2.7.6. Table 4.3.13.4.B. Indoor Tank Storage in Occupancies Using Oil-Burning Equipment, Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps Forming Part of Article 4.3.13.4. Class of Liquid Storage Level Quantity per Protected Storage Room(1), L Individual Tank Quantity per Protected Storage Room(1), L Aggregate Classes II and IIIA First storey(2) > 2500(3) 200000 Classes II and IIIA First storey(2) > 20000(4) 200000 Classes II and IIIA Basement and storeys above the first storey > 2500(3) 20000 Classes II and IIIA Basement and storeys above the first storey > 20000(4) 45000 Notes to Table 4.3.13.4.B.: (1) See Article 4.2.7.6. (2) For industrial occupancies where the tanks are located in a separate storage room from the equipment, refer to Table 4.3.13.4.A. (3) See Sentence 4.3.13.5.(1). (4) See Sentence 4.3.13.5.(2). Storage tank construction 4.3.13.5. (1) Storage tanks with an individual capacity exceeding 2500 L but not exceeding 20000 L that are used in conformance with Table 4.3.13.4.B. shall be (a) of double-walled construction in conformance with CAN/ULC-S601, “Shop Fabricated Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, and (b) monitored for leakage in conformance with Sentence 4.4.2.1.(7). (2) Storage tanks with an individual capacity exceeding 20000 L that are used in conformance with Table 4.3.13.4.B. shall (a) conform to ULC-S655, “Aboveground Protected Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, and (b) be monitored for leakage in conformance with Sentence 4.4.2.1.(7). Piping systems 4.3.13.6. Piping systems serving oil-burning equipment, diesel-engine-driven emergency generators and fire pumps shall conform to CSA B139, “Installation Code for Oil-Burning Equipment”. Fire compartments 4.3.13.7. Fire compartments regulated by this Subsection shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h. Mixed storage 4.3.13.8. When two or more classes of liquids are stored in a single storage room referred to in Sentence 4.3.13.4.(1), the total quantity permitted for each class of liquid shall be calculated as follows: qI / QI + (qII + IIIA) / (QII + IIIA) ≤ 1 where qI = actual quantity of Class I liquids present, in litres, qII + IIIA = actual quantity of Class II and IIIA liquids present, in litres QI = maximum quantity of Class I liquids permitted in Table 4.3.13.4.A., in litres, and QII + IIIA = maximum quantity of Class II and IIIA liquids permitted in Table 4.3.13.4.A., in litres. Storage tanks outside storage rooms 4.3.13.9. (1) Where storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids are located outside of storage rooms conforming to Subsection 4.3.14. (a) provision shall be made to contain a spill equal to at least 100% of the volume of the largest storage tank, or to drain away spilled flammable liquids or combustible liquids, in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6., (b) the area in which the storage tank is located shall be ventilated in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7., where designated a Class 1, Zone 0, 1 or 2 hazardous location under the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998, and (c) all electrical equipment and wiring in the vicinity of the storage tank and the exterior vent shall be installed in conformance with Subsection 4.1.4. Vents 4.3.13.10. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), normal and emergency vents for storage tanks in buildings shall be provided in conformance with Subsections 4.3.4. and 4.3.5. (2) The use of weak roof-to-side shell seams, designed to rupture before the allowable design stress of the storage tank is reached, shall not be permitted as a means of emergency venting of storage tanks inside buildings. Supports, foundations and anchorage 4.3.13.11. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids are installed inside buildings, the supports, foundations and anchorage for such storage tanks shall be in conformance with Subsection 4.3.3. (2) Where a storage tank is suspended, rather than supported on a foundation, supports shall be designed and installed in conformance with good engineering practice. Bonding and grounding 4.3.13.12. Where storage tanks for flammable liquids or combustible liquids are installed inside buildings, tanks, piping and discharge equipment shall be bonded and grounded. Subsection 4.3.14. Rooms for Storage Tanks Design and construction 4.3.14.1. (1) Rooms for storage tanks inside buildings, referred to in Sentence 4.3.13.4.(1), shall be (a) separated from the rest of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 h, (b) designed to contain a spill equal to at least 100% of the volume of the largest storage tank or to drain away spilled flammable liquids or combustible liquids, (c) made liquid-tight where the walls join the floor, (d) used for no other purposes than the storage and handling of flammable liquids or combustible liquids, and (e) provided with natural or mechanical ventilation in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7. Clearances 4.3.14.2. A minimum clear space of 550 mm shall be maintained between the walls of a room described in Article 4.3.14.1. and the sides of any storage tanks within the room. Explosion venting 4.3.14.3. Where Class IA or IB liquids are dispensed within a storage room, the room shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage from an internal explosion in conformance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”. Placards 4.3.14.4. (1) Placards conforming to Article 3.2.7.14., identifying the liquids stored as flammable liquids or combustible liquids and the capacities of the storage tanks, shall be posted in a conspicuous location outside of the room, and that information shall be included in the fire safety plan required in Article 4.1.5.5. (2) Placards that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Hose stations and portable extinguishers 4.3.14.5. (1) In buildings not required to be equipped with a standpipe and hose system by the Building Code, hose stations conforming to Articles 3.2.9.2. to 3.2.9.7. of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on August 21, 2000, shall be provided in the vicinity of the storage room, such that all parts of the room are within reach of a hose stream. (2) Portable extinguishers for Class B fires shall be provided in conformance with Section 6.2. Subsection 4.3.15. Openings Other than Vents in Storage Tanks inside Buildings Connections 4.3.15.1. (1) Connections for all openings in storage tanks in buildings shall be liquid- and vapour-tight. (2) Connections to storage tanks through which liquid can flow shall be provided with valves located as close as practicable to the tank. (3) Connections for filling or emptying storage tanks shall be provided with a spill containment device in accordance with Sentence 4.3.6.4.(4). Openings for liquid level measurement 4.3.15.2. (1) Openings that are independent of the fill pipe and are used for measuring the liquid level in storage tanks containing Class I or II liquids shall be equipped with a vapour-tight cap which shall be opened only when measuring the liquid level. (2) Openings referred to in Sentence (1) shall be protected against overflow and vapour pressure by means of a spring-loaded check valve. Subsection 4.3.16. Out of Service Underground storage tanks 4.3.16.1. (1) The removal, abandonment in place, disposal or temporary taking out of service of an underground storage tank shall be in conformance with (a) NFPA 30, “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code”, (b) API RP 1604, “Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks”, or (c) CCME PN 1326, “Environmental Code of Practice for Aboveground and Underground Storage Tank Systems Containing Petroleum and Allied Petroleum Products”. (2) Where a storage tank has been out of service for more than 12 months, the tank and piping shall be tested for leakage in conformance with Section 4.4. (3) Underground storage tanks that were abandoned in place or temporarily taken out of service, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Removal 4.3.16.2. (1) In addition to the requirements of Article 4.3.16.1., when underground storage tanks have no further use or have been out of service for two years or longer, such tanks, together with connected piping and dispensers, shall (a) have all flammable liquids and combustible liquids removed from them, (b) be purged of vapours, and (c) except as permitted in Article 4.3.16.3., be removed from the ground. (2) If contaminated, soil surrounding the storage tanks described in Sentence (1) shall be replaced with clean fill. Abandonment in place 4.3.16.3. (1) In addition to the requirements of Articles 4.3.16.1. and 4.3.16.2., where the Chief Fire Official determines that it is impractical to remove an underground storage tank described in Sentence 4.3.16.2.(1), such tank shall be filled with an inert material. (2) In addition to the requirements of Articles 4.3.16.1. and 4.3.16.2., where the Chief Fire Official determines that it is impractical to remove underground piping described in Sentence 4.3.16.2.(1), such piping shall have the ends permanently sealed by capping or plugging. Aboveground storage tanks 4.3.16.4. (1) When an aboveground storage tank will be out of service or unsupervised for a period not exceeding 180 days, the piping from the tank shall be capped or the valves that are necessary to achieve similar isolation of the tank shall be closed and securely locked. (2) Where a storage tank referred to in Sentence (1) contains flammable liquids or combustible liquids, the liquid level in the tank shall be measured and compared with subsequent readings taken at intervals not greater than one month. (3) When an aboveground storage tank will be out of service or unsupervised for a period exceeding 180 days (a) all liquid and vapours shall be removed from the storage tank and its connected piping, and (b) the storage tank markings shall clearly indicate that the tank is empty. Disposal 4.3.16.5. Where a storage tank is to be permanently disposed of, sufficient openings shall be cut in the tank to render it unfit for further use. Underground piping systems 4.3.16.6. (1) The removal, abandonment in place, disposal or temporary taking out of service of an underground piping system shall be in conformance with (a) NFPA 30, “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code”, (b) API RP 1604, “Closure of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks”, or (c) CCME PN 1326, “Environmental Code of Practice for Aboveground and Underground Storage Tank Systems Containing Petroleum and Allied Petroleum Products”. Corrosion protection 4.3.16.7. Corrosion protection systems shall be maintained in operating condition when a storage tank is temporarily out of service and during seasonal shutdowns. Section 4.4 Leak Detection of Storage Tanks and Piping Systems Subsection 4.4.1. General Application 4.4.1.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and except as otherwise specified in this Code, this Section provides the minimum requirements regarding the detection of leaks in aboveground and underground storage tanks, piping systems and sumps. (2) This Section shall not apply to storage tanks that have been taken out of service in compliance with the applicable provisions of Subsection 4.3.16. (3) Leakage detection that is installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with this Section. Frequency and methods of leak detection testing and monitoring 4.4.1.2. (1) Every storage tank, piping system and sump, including those at fuel-dispensing stations, shall be tested and monitored for leaks in conformance with Tables 4.4.1.2.A. to 4.4.1.2.E., which establish the minimum requirements regarding the frequency and methods to be used for (a) commissioning testing, (b) subsequent in-service monitoring, and (c) testing when a leak is suspected. (2) The methods referred to in Sentence (1) shall conform to Subsections 4.4.2. to 4.4.4. (3) The commissioning testing referred to in Sentence (1) shall be performed at the time of installation (a) once backfill and surfacing have been completed but before being put into service, in the case of an underground storage tank or underground piping system, (b) before being put into service, in the case of an aboveground storage tank or exposed piping system, and (c) once the final surface materials have been installed but before being put into service, in the case of a sump. (4) The frequency of the in-service monitoring referred to in Sentence (1) shall be calculated from the date of the commissioning test. (5) Immediate action shall be taken when a leak is suspected and the leak detection testing referred to in Sentence (1) shall be performed if (a) a loss of liquid or a gain of water is indicated by any of the leak detection measures described in this Section, or (b) the level of water at the bottom of an underground storage tank exceeds 50 mm. (6) Where dispenser sumps, transition sumps and turbine sumps are provided with electronic monitoring devices in accordance with Article 4.3.9.3., the devices shall be interlocked with the dispenser or pump to shut it down upon detection of either product or a high liquid level. (7) The minimum requirements referred to in Sentence (1) shall not preclude the appropriate use of alternative solutions that include innovative new technologies or methods capable of achieving the same objectives. Table 4.4.1.2.A. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Underground Storage Tanks Forming Part of Article 4.4.1.2. Type of Containment Commissioning Test Continuous In-Service Monitoring Periodic In-Service Monitoring Leak Suspected Single-walled(1) Not applicable(2) Inventory Reconciliation Precision Leak Detection Test every two years Precision Leak Detection Test Single-walled(1) Not applicable(2) Inventory Reconciliation and Monitoring Wells Precision Leak Detection Test every five years Precision Leak Detection Test Single-walled(1) Not applicable(2) Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR) Precision Leak Detection Test every five years Precision Leak Detection Test Single-walled(1) Not applicable(2) Automatic Tank Gauge None required Precision Leak Detection Test Single-walled(1) Not applicable(2) Continuous In-Tank Leak Detection None required Precision Leak Detection Test Double-walled(3) Precision Leak Detection Test or Secondary Containment Test(4) Secondary Containment Monitoring None required Precision Leak Detection Test or Secondary Containment Test(4) Notes to Table 4.4.1.2.A.: (1) Applies to single-walled storage tanks of typical construction, including storage tanks that do not meet the requirements for double-walled storage tanks. (2) Not applicable because underground storage tanks must be of double-walled construction as per Sentence 4.3.8.1.(1). (3) Applies to double-walled storage tanks, which have an interstitial space that allows for monitoring using high- or low-tech methods. (4) The Secondary Containment Test is a precision test capable of detecting leaks in the interstitial space of the storage tank. Risers, connections and vents are also susceptible to leakage and must therefore also be precision-tested. Table 4.4.1.2.B. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Aboveground Storage Tanks Forming Part of Article 4.4.1.2. Type of Containment(1) Commissioning Test Continuous In-Service Monitoring Periodic In-Service Monitoring Leak Suspected Contained open(2) vertical tank Visual inspection(3) during Liquid Media Test Inventory Reconciliation and Secondary Containment Monitoring API STD 653 or Tank floor inspection every 10 years API STD 653 or Tank floor inspection Contained open horizontal tank Visual inspection(3) during Liquid Media Test Inventory Reconciliation and Secondary Containment Monitoring None required Visual inspection(3) Double-walled(4) Visual inspection(3) Secondary Containment Monitoring None required Secondary Containment Test Notes to Table 4.4.1.2.B.: (1) See Subsection 4.3.7. (2) Applies to storage tanks contained in an open arrangement that do not meet the requirements for double-walled storage tanks. (3) Visual leak detection may apply to single- or double-walled storage tanks and piping. See Sentence 4.4.2.1.(8). (4) Applies to double-walled storage tanks, which have an interstitial space that allows for monitoring using high- or low-tech methods. Table 4.4.1.2.C. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Underground Piping Systems Forming Part of Article 4.4.1.2. Type of Containment Commissioning Test Continuous In-Service Monitoring Periodic In-Service Monitoring Leak Suspected Single-walled(1) and single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(2) Not applicable(3) Inventory Reconciliation Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) every two years (annually for mechanical connections) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) Single-walled(1) and single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(2) Not applicable(3) Inventory Reconciliation and Monitoring Wells Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) every 5 years (annually for mechanical connections) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) Single-walled(1) and single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(2) Not applicable(3) Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) every 5 years (annually for mechanical connections) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) Single-walled(1) and single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(2) Not applicable(3) Single Check Valve(5) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) every 5 years (annually for mechanical connections) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) Single-walled(1) and single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(2) Not applicable(3) Electronic Line Leak Detection (with a detectable limit of 0.76 L/h monthly) Electronic Line Leak Detection (with a detectable limit of 0.38 L/h annually) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) Single-walled(1) and single-walled, buried mechanical threaded connections(2) Not applicable(3) Continuous Electronic Line and Tank Leak Detection (with a detectable limit of 0.76 L/h monthly) Continuous Electronic Line and Tank Leak Detection (with a detectable limit of 0.38 L/h annually) Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) Double-walled(6) Pipe Leak Detection Test and Secondary Containment Test(7) Secondary Containment Monitoring None required Pipe Leak Detection Test(4) or Secondary Containment Test(7) Notes to Table 4.4.1.2.C.: (1) Applies to single-walled piping systems of typical construction, including piping systems that do not meet the requirements for double-walled piping systems. (2) See Article 4.5.5.6. (3) Not applicable because underground piping systems must be of double-walled construction as per Sentence 4.5.6.1.(1). (4) The Pipe Leak Detection Test results shall conform to Sentence 4.4.3.4.(9) with a probability of detection of 0.95 or greater and a probability of false alarm of 0.05 or less. (5) Applies to suction line only. (6) Applies to double-walled piping systems, which have an interstitial space that allows for monitoring using high- or low-tech methods. Monitoring of the sump using high-tech methods in accordance with Table 4.4.1.2.E. is considered as meeting the requirements for monitoring of an open-draining interstitial space of double-walled piping. (7) The Secondary Containment Test shall conform to Article 4.4.3.3. Table 4.4.1.2.D. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Exposed Piping Systems Forming Part of Article 4.4.1.2. Type of Containment Commissioning Test Continuous In-Service Monitoring Periodic In-Service Monitoring Leak Suspected Single-walled(1) Pipe Leak Detection Test Visual inspection(2) None required Identify and repair Flexible hose lines over water Pipe Leak Detection Test Visual inspection(2) Pipe Leak Detection Test(3) every 12 months Identify and repair Double-walled(4) Pipe Leak Detection Test Secondary Containment Monitoring None required Identify and repair Contained open(5) Pipe Leak Detection Test Visual inspection(2) None required Identify and repair Notes to Table 4.4.1.2.D.: (1) Applies to single-walled piping systems of typical construction, including piping systems that do not meet the requirements for double-walled or contained open piping systems. (2) See Sentence 4.4.2.1.(8). (3) The Pipe Leak Detection Test results shall conform to Sentence 4.4.3.4.(9) with a probability of detection of 0.95 or greater and a probability of false alarm of 0.05 or less. (4) Applies to double-walled piping systems with an interstitial space contiguous to the primary containment that can be monitored using high- or low-tech methods. (5) Applies to piping systems contained in an open arrangement that do not meet the requirements for double-walled piping systems and do not conform to Subsection 4.3.7. Table 4.4.1.2.E. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring of Turbine, Transition, Dispenser and Spill Containment Sumps Forming Part of Article 4.4.1.2. Type of Containment Commissioning Test Continuous In-Service monitoring Periodic In-Service Monitoring Leak Suspected Dispenser, turbine and transition sumps Static Liquid Media Leak Detection Test(1 Weekly visual inspection or electronic monitoring(2) Annual visual inspection Identify and repair Spill containment sumps Static Liquid Media Leak Detection Test(1 Weekly visual inspection at fill point Annual visual inspection(3) Identify and repair Notes to Table 4.4.1.2.E.: (1) See Article 4.4.3.5. (2) Electronic monitoring devices need to be tested at least once annually in conformance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Remedial action 4.4.1.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), when a leak detection test required by this Section detects a leak in a storage tank, piping system or sump, the leaking components or system shall be (a) repaired and tested, (b) replaced, or (c) removed. (2) When a leak detection test required by this Section detects a leak in a single-walled construction underground storage tank or piping system, the leaking components or system shall be (a) replaced in conformance with Articles 4.3.8.1. and 4.5.6.1., or (b) taken out of service in conformance with Subsection 4.3.16. (3) Where a leak is detected as described in Sentence (1) or (2), the escaped liquid shall be removed in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. (4) The Chief Fire Official shall be notified within 24 h of detection of a leak referred to in Sentence (1). Retention of records 4.4.1.4. Records of the tests referred to in this Section shall be retained in conformance with Subsection 1.1.2. Subsection 4.4.2. Leak Detection Testing and Monitoring Methods Definition and performance of leak detection testing and monitoring methods 4.4.2.1. (1) This Subsection applies to the leak detection testing and monitoring methods referred to in this Section. (2) Inventory reconciliation referred to in this Section shall (a) for the time period designated, determine product loss or gain based on the reconciliation of (i) change in physical inventory, (ii) inventory additions (deliveries), (iii) inventory removals (sales), and (iv) miscellaneous inventory alterations, and (b) determine the level of water in the tank. (3) A leak detection method that monitors vapours in the soil or liquids on the groundwater shall conform to good engineering practice and meet the requirements of vapour monitoring or groundwater monitoring systems. (4) Statistical inventory reconciliation (SIR) methodology shall be capable of detecting a leak (a) of 0.38 L/h with a probability of detection of 0.95 or greater and a probability of false alarm of 0.05 or less, based on an inventory record of specified length to be considered as an annual test, or (b) of 0.76 L/h with a probability of detection of 0.95 or greater and a probability of false alarm of 0.05 or less, based on an inventory record of specified length to be considered as a monthly test. (5) Where inventory reconciliation is performed using automatic tank gauging referred to in Sentence (2), the system shall conform to CAN/ULC-S675.1, “Standard for Volumetric Leak Detection Devices for Underground and Aboveground Storage Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, and meet the requirements of a precision leak detection test when a leak is suspected in conformance with Table 4.4.1.2.A. (6) A continuous in-tank leak detection system shall conform to good engineering practice and meet the requirements of a precision leak detection test referred to in Sentence 4.4.2.1.(10). (7) High-tech secondary containment monitoring referred to in this Section shall include the use of an automatic device that continuously monitors the interstitial space between the inner tank or inner piping and the secondary containment. (8) Visual inspection referred to in this Section shall (a) in the case of an exposed piping system, conform to Article 4.5.10.5., and (b) in the case of an aboveground storage tank, consist of (i) a visual examination of the tank shell, or (ii) if the bottom of the tank is not amenable to a visual examination, testing the bottom of the tank. (9) A static liquid media leak detection test shall conform to Article 4.4.3.5. (10) The precision leak detection test for underground storage tanks that is referred to in this Section shall (a) be capable of detecting a storage tank leak rate as small as 0.38 L/h within 24 h with a probability of detection of 0.95 or greater and a probability of false alarm of 0.05 or less, and (b) be conducted by an individual who has been trained in the proper care and use of the test equipment and the operating procedures. (11) Pipe leak detection referred to in this Section shall conform to ULC/ORD-C107.12, “Line Leak Detection Devices for Flammable Liquid Piping”. (12) A single vertical check valve referred to in this Section shall (a) consist of a vertical check valve located immediately under the pump, (b) be installed with no other check valve between the suction pump and the storage tank, and (c) be part of an installation where lines must be sufficiently sloped so that any liquid in the line will drain back into the storage tank should a leak occur in the piping system. Subsection 4.4.3. Leak Detection Testing of Storage Tanks, Piping Systems and Sumps Leak detection tests 4.4.3.1. (1) Where field test methods are included in the storage tank construction standards referred to in Articles 4.3.1.2. and 4.3.1.3., such tests shall be permitted for storage tanks conforming to those standards. (2) If a precision leak detection test referred to in Sentence 4.4.2.1.(10) detects a leak rate exceeding 0.38 L/h on an underground storage tank, the tank shall be considered to be leaking. (3) During a leak detection test on a storage tank, the pressure at the bottom of the tank shall not exceed the tank manufacturer’s specifications. Pneumatic leak detection tests 4.4.3.2. (1) Pneumatic leak detection tests using compressed air shall not be performed on storage tanks and piping systems having once contained flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (1), pneumatic leak detection tests using compressed air or an inert gas shall include the application of soap and water to the storage tank and piping surface, fittings, joints and connections to help in the detection of leaks. (3) In the case of underground storage tanks or piping, the test referred to in Sentence (2) shall be conducted prior to covering the tank or piping system. (4) Where a pneumatic leak detection test is conducted before an underground storage tank is backfilled, in the case of a new tank, or after the tank is uncovered, in the case of a previously installed tank, the test pressure shall be in conformance with the production testing requirements of (a) CAN/ULC-S603, “Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, or (b) CAN/ULC-S615, “Standard for Fibre Reinforced Plastic Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (5) Pneumatic leak detection tests shall not be performed on field-erected aboveground storage tanks. (6) Measures shall be taken to guard against the hazards associated with pneumatic leak detection testing in areas where explosive mixtures of flammable liquid or combustible liquid vapours and air may be present in the vicinity of a storage tank that has been in use. Protocols for pneumatic leak detection testing of piping systems 4.4.3.3. (1) A pressure decline test using an inert gas is permitted to be used as a leak detection test for piping systems that (a) are new or in use, and (b) convey a volume of less than 1000 L. (2) A pressure decline test performed on a piping system shall conform to Sentences (3) to (9). (3) The design and installation of the piping system permitting, the piping system’s contents shall be drained prior to conducting the pressure decline test procedure. (4) Pumps, dispensers and other auxiliary equipment that are connected to the piping system and cannot withstand the pressure of the test shall be isolated from the test procedure to prevent damage to the equipment. (5) A stabilization period of up to 30 min is required after pressurization.

(6) Pipe volumes of 500 L or less shall be pressurized for at least 60 min after stabilization. (7) Pipe volumes greater than 500 L but less than 1000 L shall be pressurized for at least 2 h after stabilization. (8) Test pressures shall (a) be the greater of 350 kPa (gauge) or 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure, and (b) not exceed the piping manufacturer's test specifications. (9) The piping system shall be considered to be leaking if any pressure decline is detected within the time periods stated. Protocols for liquid media leak detection testing of piping systems 4.4.3.4. (1) Liquid media leak detection testing of piping systems shall conform to Sentences (2) to (9). (2) Test devices and methods shall conform to the performance requirements of ULC/ORD-C107.12, “Line Leak Detection Devices for Flammable Liquid Piping”. (3) Tests shall be conducted by an individual who has been trained in the proper use of the test device and the operating procedures. (4) A sufficient amount of time shall be allocated to stabilize the temperature of the liquid throughout the volume of the piping during the test. (5) Except as provided in Sentences (6) and (7), test pressure shall (a) be the greater of 350 kPa (gauge) or 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure, and (b) not exceed the piping manufacturer’s test specifications. (6) Test pressures exceeding 700 kPa (gauge) shall not be permitted unless the pressure, and piping system is designed for such pressures. (7) Where test pressures exceed the design pressures for pumps or similar components connected to the piping system being tested, such pumps or components shall be isolated from the test procedure. (8) Class I liquids shall not be used for pressure testing piping systems, except that pressure piping normally containing Class I liquids is permitted to be tested with such liquids at pressures not exceeding their maximum operating pressures. (9) The piping system shall be considered to be leaking if the leak rate exceeds 0.38 L/h. Protocols for leak detection testing of sumps 4.4.3.5. (1) Static liquid media leak detection testing of turbine, transition, dispenser and pump sumps shall conform to Sentences (2) to (4). (2) Static liquid media testing of sumps shall be performed at the installation stage after all electrical and mechanical work passing through the sump wall has been completed but before any backfilling around the exterior of the sump is completed. (3) The liquid used for the test shall (a) exceed the elevation of the piping and other points of entry into the sump by at least 50 mm, and (b) not be a flammable liquid or a combustible liquid. (4) The minimum duration of the test shall be 1 h with no visual or measured evidence of leakage. Subsection 4.4.4. Leak Detection Monitoring of Storage Tanks and Piping Systems Inventory reconciliation 4.4.4.1. (1) Where inventory reconciliation is required by this Section, the liquid level in any storage tank shall be measured at intervals not greater than seven days in conformance with Sentences (2) to (4), except that at fuel-dispensing stations the measurements shall be taken each day the station is in operation. (2) The level of water at the bottom of an underground storage tank shall be measured at intervals not greater than seven days, except that at fuel-dispensing stations the measurements shall be taken each day the station is in operation. (3) A comparison of the measurements described in Sentences (1) and (2) with meter readings and a computation of any gain or loss of liquid shall be done each time a required measurement is taken. (4) Investigative action shall be undertaken if the inventory reconciliation described in Sentence 4.4.2.1.(2) indicates the following inexplicable conditions: (a) a monthly loss of (i) 0.5 percent or more of the throughput from an underground storage tank, or (ii) 1.0 percent or more of the throughput from an aboveground storage tank, (b) three consecutive losses greater than 200 L/day, and (c) a water level greater than 50 mm. (5) A record of the measurements for each storage tank and of the computations described in Sentence (4) shall be retained for examination by the Chief Fire Official, in conformance with Subsection 1.1.2. Leakage detection 4.4.4.2. Where continuous leak detection is provided on an underground piping system, it shall conform to ULC/ORD-C107.12, “Line Leak Detection Devices for Flammable Liquid Piping”. Section 4.5 Piping and Transfer Systems Subsection 4.5.1. Scope Application 4.5.1.1. (1) This Section applies to piping and transfer systems for flammable liquids and combustible liquids. (2) Except where otherwise stated in this Part, this Section shall not apply to the following: (a) tubing or casings and piping for oil or gas wells, (b) transmission pipelines, (c) piping for vehicles, aircraft, watercraft and portable or stationary engines, (d) piping systems in fuel-dispensing stations and distilleries, and (e) piping that falls within the scope of the applicable provincial or territorial codes regulating boilers and pressure vessels. Subsection 4.5.2. Materials for Piping, Valves and Fittings Materials 4.5.2.1. (1) Materials for piping systems containing flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be suitable for the maximum anticipated working pressures and operating temperatures and for the chemical properties of the contained liquid. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the use of the following materials for piping systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall not be permitted: (a) materials that are subject to failure from internal stress or rupture by mechanical damage, or (b) combustible or low-melting-point materials that are subject to failure in fires. (3) Metallic and non-metallic piping systems are permitted to be used for underground installations, provided they conform to CAN/ULC-S679, “Standard for Metallic and Nonmetallic Underground Piping for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), where steel piping is used, it shall conform to (a) API SPEC 5L, “Line Pipe”, (b) ASTM A53/A53M, “Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless”, or (c) CSA Z245.1, “Steel Pipe”. (5) Where service pressures exceeding 875 kPa (gauge) may occur, piping and fittings shall be designed in conformance with ASME B31.3, “Process Piping”. (6) Underground piping systems shall include piping in tank sumps, transition sumps and dispenser sumps. Special materials 4.5.2.2. Where problems of corrosion, contamination or sanitation or standards of purity require special materials, it is permitted to use non-metallic materials for piping, valves and fittings. Subsection 4.5.3. Corrosion Protection of Piping Systems Corrosion protection 4.5.3.1. (1) Underground metallic piping systems in contact with the soil or groundwater shall be protected against corrosion in conformance with (a) CAN/ULC-S603.1, “Standard for External Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, or (b) NACE SP0169, “Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems”. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (1), all exposed or underground piping, valves, couplings, flanges and bolts that are fabricated of any ferrous substance shall be thoroughly coated with a rust-resistant compatible material. Subsection 4.5.4. Identification of Piping Systems Identification 4.5.4.1. (1) Pipelines for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be marked with the contents of the line, and these markings shall be maintained in a clearly legible form. (2) Piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be painted red. (3) Transfer points in piping systems for flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be identified in conformance with CFA 1990, “Using the Canadian Fuels Colour-Symbol System to Mark Equipment and Vehicles for Product Identification”. (4) Transfer points that were identified in conformance with the requirements of this Code on or before December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (3). Documentation 4.5.4.2. (1) Documentation on the piping systems for flammable liquids or combustible liquids, including the tank and pumping arrangements, shall be made available to the fire department upon request. (2) Documents referred to in Sentence (1) shall be kept at two separate locations so that one copy remains readily available in the event the other is inaccessible due to fire. Subsection 4.5.5. Joints in Piping Systems Threaded joints 4.5.5.1. Threaded joints in piping systems for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be made using joint compound or polytetrafluoroethylene tape conforming to CAN/ULC-S642, “Standard for Compounds and Tapes for Threaded Pipe Joints”. Welded piping 4.5.5.2. (1) Welding of piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall conform to Section 5.17 and to API STD 1104, “Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities”. (2) Flammable liquid or combustible liquid piping welds that are currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (3) Flanged joints for piping shall be provided in welded systems at intervals that will facilitate dismantling and avoid subsequent in-place hot works operations. Flanged joints 4.5.5.3. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), flanged joints for piping shall be made with forged or cast steel flanges designed, constructed and installed in conformance with ASME B16.5, “Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS ½ Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard”. (2) Bronze flanges for 50 mm diameter or smaller size piping referred to in Article 4.5.5.2. are permitted to be used where copper and brass piping is permitted. Bolting materials 4.5.5.4. Bolting materials for flanged connections in steel piping systems for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be of alloy steel equivalent to ASTM A193/A193M, “Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications”, Grade B-7. Gaskets 4.5.5.5. Gaskets in flanged connections shall be of a material resistant to the liquid being carried and capable of withstanding temperatures of at least 650°C without damage that would impair their function. Mechanical connections 4.5.5.6. (1) Mechanical connections in underground piping systems shall (a) be readily accessible for inspection and maintenance, (b) not be in direct contact with the soil, and (c) be provided within a transition sump. Penetrations into sumps 4.5.5.7. (1) All penetrations into a sump shall be situated at least 50 mm from the bottom of the sump. (2) A penetration into a sump that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, is deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if both the penetration and the sump are currently in use. Subsection 4.5.6. Location and Arrangement of Piping Construction 4.5.6.1. (1) Except for vent risers and vertical fill piping systems, underground piping systems shall be of double-walled construction. (2) Underground piping systems that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if the piping does not leak. Location 4.5.6.2. (1) Piping shall be installed outdoors whenever possible and located so it will not create a hazard to buildings or equipment. (2) Where piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids is installed within a building, the length of piping shall be as direct and as short as practicable. (3) It is not permitted to use any portion of a piping system in a manner that could damage the piping system. (4) Vent piping and connections for filling and emptying storage tanks shall be located in conformance with Section 4.3. (5) Piping systems shall be used only for the transfer of products. Supports for aboveground outdoor piping 4.5.6.3. (1) Aboveground outdoor piping shall be supported and arranged to prevent excessive vibration and stress on equipment connected to it. (2) Where vehicular, watercraft or floatplane impact or physical damage is possible, protective guarding devices shall be provided for aboveground outdoor piping. (3) Aboveground piping systems shall be supported such that they are not in direct contact with the surface of the ground. Arrangement of aboveground outdoor piping 4.5.6.4. (1) Aboveground outdoor piping shall not be located (a) on the exterior of walls except on those of noncombustible construction, or (b) above windows and doors. (2) Aboveground outdoor piping shall not be located above roofs except above roofs of impermeable and noncombustible construction, with provision for accidental spillage provided in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. (3) Where aboveground piping crosses roadways or railway sidings, ample overhead clearance and warning signs indicating the clearance height shall be provided. (4) Piping passing though the secondary containment walls of an aboveground storage tank shall be designed to prevent excessive stress resulting from settlement or fire exposure. Arrangement of underground piping 4.5.6.5. (1) Underground piping shall be located so it will not be damaged as a result of vibrations or settling of an adjacent building or structure. (2) Underground piping shall be located not less than 300 mm away from the foundations of any building or structure, except where such piping enters the building as permitted in Article 4.5.6.8. (3) Piping passing under railway tracks shall be installed in conformance with TC 2001, “Standards Respecting Pipeline Crossings Under Railways”. (4) Piping adjacent to railway tracks shall be installed in conformance with the Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations, C.R.C., c1148, made under the Railway Safety Act (Canada). Installation of underground piping 4.5.6.6. (1) Underground piping shall be (a) supported on (i) undisturbed or compacted soil, or (ii) not less than 150 mm of clean sand, pea gravel or clean crushed stone, and (b) backfilled on the top and sides with not less than (i) 300 mm of pea gravel or clean crushed stone, or (ii) 300 mm of clean sand, free of cinders and stones, and compacted in layers not more than 300 mm thick. Piping in service tunnels 4.5.6.7. Piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall not be located in service tunnels that are used for pedestrian traffic other than maintenance personnel. Piping at entrances to buildings 4.5.6.8. (1) Piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be located aboveground where the piping enters a building. (2) Piping referred to in Sentence (1) shall be provided with inside and outside shut-off valves. (3) Where piping referred to in Sentence (1) passes through a wall that would restrict the expansion or contraction of the piping, pipe sleeves shall be provided at the wall penetration to facilitate such movement. Indoor piping 4.5.6.9. (1) Indoor piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall either be supported overhead or be located in trenches conforming to Article 4.5.6.10. (2) Piping referred to in Sentence (1) shall not be installed under combustible flooring. (3) Piping in trenches referred to in Sentence (1) shall be covered with noncombustible material. Piping in trenches 4.5.6.10. (1) Where indoor piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids is installed in trenches, a trapped drainage system conforming to Subsection 4.1.6. shall be provided. (2) When piping referred to in Sentence (1) contains Class I liquids, the trench shall be provided with ventilation designed to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours in accordance with Sentence 6.9.1.2.(2) of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025. Overhead piping 4.5.6.11. (1) Overhead piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be installed close to the ceiling or beams or along walls not less than 1.8 m above the floor to protect it against mechanical damage. (2) Where practicable, overhead piping referred to in Sentence (1) shall be supported from building framing members. (3) In buildings of steel frame construction, piping referred to in Sentence (1) shall be fastened to steel beams or columns by pipe hangers attached to the flanges. (4) Piping under concrete ceilings shall be suspended with the use of through bolts or expansion shields. Supports for overhead piping 4.5.6.12. (1) Piping shall be supported on pipe hangers or other supports so that allowable stresses in the pipe are not exceeded. (2) Anchors of the expansion shield type used to suspend piping shall not be used to suspend piping from unsound or lightweight concrete or from gypsum assemblies. Protection of pipe risers 4.5.6.13. (1) Exposed pipe risers shall be protected against mechanical damage by (a) installing such risers (i) adjacent to walls or pilasters, (ii) between flanges of steel columns, or (iii) within securely anchored larger perforated pipe, and (b) providing mechanical guards where the risers are exposed to mobile equipment. Provision for expansion and contraction 4.5.6.14. (1) In the design of piping systems for flammable liquids or combustible liquids, provision shall be made for the expansion and contraction of the piping system and of the product it conveys. (2) To prevent excessive stresses resulting from vibration, settling or temperature changes (a) flexible non-metallic hose connectors conforming to CAN/ULC-S633, “Standard for Flexible Connector Piping for Fuels Connectors for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, are permitted to be used where necessary in underground piping systems carrying flammable liquids or combustible liquids, (b) flexible metallic and non-metallic pipe and fittings conforming to CAN/ULC-S679, “Standard for Metallic and Nonmetallic Underground Piping for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, are permitted to be used where necessary in underground piping systems carrying flammable liquids or combustible liquids, or (c) flexible metallic hose connectors conforming to ULC/ORD-C536, “Flexible Metallic Hose”, are permitted to be used where necessary in aboveground and underground piping systems carrying flammable liquids or combustible liquids. Subsection 4.5.7. Valves in Piping Systems Design 4.5.7.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), valves in piping systems for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be designed to accommodate the temperatures and pressures of those systems and shall conform to ULC/ORD-C842, “Guide for the Investigation of Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (2) Every hose nozzle valve shall conform to CAN/ULC-S620, “Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (3) Every emergency valve shall conform to CAN/ULC-S651, “Standard for Emergency Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (4) Valves that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentences (1), (2) and (3) if the valves are not leaking and are constructed of material that is in conformance with Article 4.5.2.1. Shut-off valves 4.5.7.2. (1) Shut-off valves shall be provided in all flammable liquid or combustible liquid piping and pumping systems. (2) Where practicable, valves referred to in Sentence (1) shall be located outdoors or be immediately accessible from outdoors. (3) Except as permitted in Sentence (4), steel shut-off valves shall be provided (a) at connections to all aboveground storage tanks, (b) on supply piping where it enters buildings or structures, (c) on branch lines from the main supply line, (d) on supply lines at dispensing locations, (e) to isolate one part of a piping system from another, and (f) to isolate meters and air eliminators. (4) Stainless steel, monel metal or lined steel bodied valves are permitted to be used when special conditions warrant their use. Diaphragm valves 4.5.7.3. Diaphragm valves shall have no direct connections between the liquid and air sections that might permit leakage of the liquid past the packing into the air lines. Globe valves 4.5.7.4. Globe valves shall be arranged so that the packing is on the low pressure side. Indicating valves 4.5.7.5. Rising stem or other indicating valves shall be used where necessary to determine whether the valves are open or shut. Identification 4.5.7.6. (1) All valves shall be identified in conformance with CFA 1990, “Using the Canadian Fuels Colour-Symbol System to Mark Equipment and Vehicles for Product Identification”. (2) Every identification tag shall be kept clean so that its colour and inscription are easily recognizable. (3) A valve that was identified in conformance with the requirements of this Code on or before December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Subsection 4.5.8. Heating of Piping Systems Design 4.5.8.1. Heating equipment for piping systems containing flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be designed not to overheat or create an ignition source for the liquids being heated. Steam heating 4.5.8.2. (1) Flammable liquid and combustible liquid piping is permitted to be heated by steam lines provided the minimum steam temperature and pressure to make the liquid fluid are used and Sentences (2) and (3) are complied with. (2) A pressure regulator shall be provided in the steam line with a relief valve on the downstream side of the regulator. (3) Piping and steam lines shall be enclosed in insulation conforming to the Building Code. Electrical heating cables 4.5.8.3. Electrical heating cables including electrical induction heating shall conform to Subsection 4.1.4. Thermal electrical conduction heating 4.5.8.4. (1) Thermal electrical conduction heating conforming to Sentence (2) is permitted to be used by passing a low-voltage alternating current through the pipe. (2) Systems permitted in Sentence (1) shall be installed and tested as complete units and shall conform to the following: (a) unheated sections of piping shall be isolated from heated sections by means of nonconductive fittings, (b) thermostatic controls, high temperature limit controls and fuses shall have the lowest practical rating to ensure satisfactory operation, (c) all parts of the piping and fittings shall be enclosed by insulating coverings, and (d) switches, transformers, contactors and other spark-producing equipment shall be located in an area not subject to flammable vapours. (3) Upon completion of installation, systems permitted in Sentence (1) shall be tested to ensure that all components are functioning as intended. Open flames 4.5.8.5. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the use of open flames as a heat source shall not be permitted for heating piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) Open flames may be used to heat piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids if the heating is carried out in furnaces or ovens that comply with NFPA 86, “Standard for Ovens and Furnaces”. Subsection 4.5.9. Methods of Transfer in Piping Systems Location of outdoor pumps 4.5.9.1. (1) Pumps for flammable liquid or combustible liquid piping systems installed aboveground and outside of buildings shall be located not less than (a) 3 m from the property line, and (b) 1.5 m from building openings. Pump houses and pump rooms 4.5.9.2. (1) Pumps located indoors shall be in rooms built in conformance with Subsection 4.2.9. (2) Pump houses and pump rooms shall not be used for any purpose other than to serve the pumping equipment. Pits 4.5.9.3. (1) Pits for subsurface pumps for piping systems or for piping connected to submersible pumps shall be designed to withstand the forces to which they may be subjected without causing damage to the system. (2) Pits provided in conformance with Sentence (1) shall not be larger than necessary for inspection and maintenance and shall be provided with a cover. Control switches 4.5.9.4. Pumps for piping systems shall be provided with duplicate control switches to shut down the pumps in case of emergency, with one located in the operating area and the other at a remote location. Hydraulic transfer systems 4.5.9.5. (1) Where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are transferred by water pressure as a result of displacement, such system shall not be used for liquids that are miscible in water. (2) All pressure vessels for hydraulic transfer systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be constructed, installed and tested in conformance with ASME BPVC, “Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code”. (3) Hydraulic transfer systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be designed to prevent water pressure in excess of the design pressure of the tank or piping. (4) Operating pressures shall be controlled by a constant-level float valve or a pressure-regulating valve on the water supply side of the hydraulic transfer system referred to in Sentence (1). (5) Hydraulic transfer systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be arranged so that there is no water pressure on the system except when liquid is being discharged. (6) Check valves shall be provided for both water and flammable liquid or combustible liquid piping to prevent backflow in hydraulic transfer systems referred to in Sentence (1). Inert gas transfer systems 4.5.9.6. (1) Where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are transferred as a result of displacement by the expansion of nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other inert gases, all pressure vessels involved shall be constructed, installed and tested in conformance with ASME BPVC, “Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code”. (2) Pressure regulators for inert gas transfer systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be provided in the gas line to control the pressure of the gas at the minimum pressure required to force the liquid through the piping system at the required rate. (3) A relief valve with a slightly higher setting than the pressure required in Sentence (2) shall be provided on the downstream side of the regulator or on the tank. (4) Means of automatically shutting off the gas supply and bleeding the gas pressure in the event of fire shall be provided on all inert gas transfer systems referred to in Sentence (1). Non-inert gas transfer 4.5.9.7. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids in a closed piping system by means of compressed air or other non-inert gas pressure shall not be permitted. (2) A non-inert gas pressure is permitted to be used in a closed piping system referred to in Sentence (1) provided (a) it is the vapour or gas of the flammable liquid or combustible liquid being transferred, or (b) it is a vapour or gas that will not support combustion reaction and is non-reactive with the flammable liquid or combustible liquid being transferred. Subsection 4.5.10. Operating Procedures for Piping Systems Procedures 4.5.10.1. Standard procedures for normal operation and for emergencies shall be given in printed form to all persons engaged in the operation of equipment for the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids and shall be posted for convenient reference. Training 4.5.10.2. (1) All persons concerned with transfer operations involving flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be trained in (a) the procedures referred to in Article 4.5.10.1., (b) the importance of constant attendance during all loading or unloading operations, (c) extinguishing procedures for fires involving flammable liquids and combustible liquids, and (d) the flammable liquid and combustible liquid colour coding and identification system required in Article 4.5.7.6. (2) Persons engaged in the operation of equipment for the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be trained in the location, function and operation of valves used for the operation of fire protection equipment and manual emergency shut-off valves. Emergency valves 4.5.10.3. Signs indicating the location of valves used for the operation of fire protection equipment and manual emergency shut-off valves shall be posted in conspicuous locations. Portable extinguishers 4.5.10.4. At least one portable extinguisher having a rating of 80-B:C shall be provided in the vicinity of pumps and ancillary equipment used for the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids. Visual inspections 4.5.10.5. (1) A visual inspection routine for the prompt detection of obviously abnormal conditions shall be established and shall be performed at least once each shift. (2) A visual inspection shall be made at least once during each day of operation of all aboveground piping systems, pumps and other ancillary equipment to detect leakage, and any leakage shall be repaired as quickly as practicable. (3) Where necessary, flammable vapour indicators shall be used to detect leakage. (4) Open flames and spark-producing devices shall not be used for leakage detection referred to in Sentence (2). Operational tests 4.5.10.6. To ensure proper operation, frequent inspections and tests shall be made of all safety shut-off valves and other fire safety devices, with particular attention directed to normally open, fusible-link-operated valves, float valves and automatic controls. Maintenance 4.5.10.7. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (6), maintenance shall not be carried out on piping systems while they are under pressure. (2) If connections or piping are to be opened, the system shall be drained of flammable liquids and combustible liquids. (3) Where equipment for handling flammable liquids or combustible liquids has to be repaired, it shall be removed and taken to maintenance areas when possible. (4) Tags shall be attached to all valves on piping systems that are shut off for maintenance purposes to indicate that such valves are not to be opened. (5) Piping that has been used for the transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be removed or capped when it is no longer intended to be used. (6) The maintenance of pressurized piping systems shall be carried out in conformance with (a) API STD 1104, “Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities”, (b) API RP 2200, “Repairing Crude Oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and Product Pipelines”, or (c) API RP 2201, “Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries”. Section 4.6 Fuel-Dispensing Stations Subsection 4.6.1. Scope Application 4.6.1.1. (1) This Section applies to the storage, handling and use of flammable liquids, combustible liquids and dangerous goods classified as flammable gases at fuel-dispensing stations. (2) Except as provided in this Section, the storage and dispensing of dangerous goods classified as flammable gases at fuel-dispensing stations shall conform to (a) CSA B108, “Natural gas refuelling stations installation code”, (b) CSA B149.1, “Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code”, and (c) CSA B149.2, “Propane Storage and Handling Code”. (3) Requirements of this Section that pertain to the location of dispensers, storage tanks, pumps, piping and their ancillary equipment inside buildings shall not apply to a canopy that is open on not less than 75% of its perimeter. Subsection 4.6.2. Storage and Handling Outside aboveground storage tanks 4.6.2.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (5), the installation of outside aboveground storage tanks at fuel-dispensing stations shall be in conformance with Subsection 4.3.2. (2) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), outside aboveground storage tanks at fuel-dispensing stations shall have an individual capacity of not more than 80000 L, and their aggregate capacity shall not exceed 200000 L. (3) The individual capacity of outside aboveground storage tanks at fuel-dispensing stations is permitted to exceed the individual capacity limit of 80000 L required in Sentence (2), provided (a) they conform to ULC-S655, “Aboveground Protected Tank Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, and (b) their aggregate capacity does not exceed 200000 L. (4) Outside aboveground storage tanks at fuel-dispensing stations shall be provided with (a) physical protection against collision damage, (b) measures to prevent unauthorized access to the storage tank and its ancillary equipment, (c) measures to contain accidental spillage in conformance with Subsection 4.3.7., (d) an overfill protection device in conformance with Sentence 4.3.1.8.(2), where a tight-filled connection is provided, and (e) where the piping is connected to the storage tank at a point that is lower than the maximum fill level, an external valve to prevent gravity discharge in the event the piping is severed. (5) In cases where a compartmentalized tank is used, the entire tank shall be treated as one tank with the aggregate of all compartments totalling the total capacity of that tank. Containers 4.6.2.2. All packaged flammable liquid and combustible liquid products stored or sold at a fuel-dispensing station shall be in closed containers conforming to Article 4.2.3.1., distinctly marked with the generic name of the liquid they contain. Piping 4.6.2.3. (1) All piping for flammable liquids or combustible liquids at a fuel-dispensing station shall be in conformance with Article 4.5.2.1. (2) Joints in piping systems shall comply with Subsection 4.5.5. (3) Underground piping systems shall comply with Sentence 4.5.6.1.(1). (4) Piping shall be supported and backfilled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. (5) In the design of the piping system, provisions shall be made for the expansion, contraction, vibration, settling and temperature changes of piping in accordance with Article 4.5.6.14. Corrosion protection for piping 4.6.2.4. All piping, valves and fittings at a fuel-dispensing station shall be protected against corrosion in conformance with Article 4.5.3.1. Piping supports and guards 4.6.2.5. Piping shall be firmly supported and protected by means of guarding devices where necessary to prevent vehicular, watercraft or floatplane impact damage or other physical damage. Pits 4.6.2.6. Pits for subsurface pumps or for piping connected to submersed pumps shall conform to Article 4.5.9.3. Subsection 4.6.3. Dispensing Systems Dispensers 4.6.3.1. Fixed dispensers for flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall conform to CSA B346-M, “Power-Operated Dispensing Devices for Flammable Liquids”. Dispenser sumps 4.6.3.2. Dispenser sumps shall conform to the construction and performance requirements of ULC/ORD-C107.21, “Under-Dispenser Sumps”. Location 4.6.3.3. (1) Fixed dispensers for Class I liquids shall be installed outside buildings and not less than (a) 3 m from any right-of-way and any property line, (b) 3 m from any propane gas dispenser, (c) 1.5 m from any natural gas dispenser, (d) 6 m horizontally from any fixed source of ignition, (e) 6 m horizontally from any liquefied petroleum gas cylinder or storage tank, and (f) 3 m from any building openings, other than those that serve as shelter for operating personnel and in which electrical installations conform to Article 4.1.4.1. (2) Fixed dispensers for Class II or IIIA liquids are permitted to be installed inside a building when (a) the building is not open to the public, (b) the dispensers are located on the first storey, (c) drainage is provided, and (d) ventilation is provided in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7. of this Code and with the requirements for storage garages in Section 6.3 of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025. (3) Class 1 liquid dispensers shall be located within a building or portion of a building that conforms to Subsection 3.3.5. of Division B of the Building Code. Protection against collision damage 4.6.3.4. (1) Fixed dispensers shall be protected against collision damage by (a) a concrete island not less than 100 mm high, or (b) posts or guardrails. Marine fuel-dispensing stations 4.6.3.5. Dispensers at marine fuel-dispensing stations shall be in a location that will prevent watercraft or floatplane impact or other physical damage. Subsection 4.6.4. Shut-off Devices Location and identification 4.6.4.1. (1) A device to shut off power to all dispensers and pumps shall be provided at a location not less than 6 m and not more than 30 m away from the dispensers and pumps. (2) The device required in Sentence (1) shall be clearly identified and readily accessible to attendants and emergency responders. (3) Steel shut-off valves shall be provided at connecting outlets on aboveground storage tanks. Self-service outlets 4.6.4.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and in addition to the device required by Sentence 4.6.4.1.(1), an emergency shut-off switch to simultaneously stop the flow of fuel at all dispensers at self-service outlets shall be located at the central control console described in Sentence 4.6.8.2.(2) so that it is readily accessible to the attendant. (2) At card- or key-activated self-service outlets, the emergency shut-off switch required in Sentence (1) shall be readily accessible to the customer. Marine fuel-dispensing stations 4.6.4.3. At marine fuel-dispensing stations, a readily accessible valve shall be provided in each pipeline at or within 7.5 m of the pier to shut off the supply from shore. Subsection 4.6.5. Delivery Hose and Nozzles Delivery hose 4.6.5.1. (1) Delivery hose shall conform to CAN/ULC-S612, “Standard for Hose and Hose Assemblies for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (2) Except as permitted in Sentences (3) and (4), hose through which flammable liquids or combustible liquids are dispensed at a fuel-dispensing station shall be restricted to a maximum extended length of 4.5 m. (3) Where a retracting mechanism is used, a maximum extended length of 6 m shall be permitted. (4) At marine fuel-dispensing stations or at card- or key-activated dispensers, the length of extended hose is permitted to exceed the values in Sentences (2) and (3). Hose nozzle valves 4.6.5.2. (1) Every hose nozzle valve through which a Class I or II liquid is dispensed by a motorized dispenser into a vehicle tank shall (a) be automatic closing as required in Sentence (2), and (b) conform to CAN/ULC-S620, “Standard for Hose Nozzle Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (5), a hose nozzle valve shall be constructed so that the valve (a) can be kept open only by the continuous application of manual pressure, or (b) is equipped with a hold-open device that is an integral part of the nozzle and that will (i) allow automatic dispensing, (ii) automatically shut off when the vehicle tank is filled, and (iii) shut off if the nozzle is dropped or falls from the fill pipe. (3) A hose nozzle valve at a marine fuel-dispensing station shall be of the type without a hold-open device, in conformance with Clause (2)(a). (4) When a hose nozzle valve with a hold-open device is used at an attended self-service outlet, a break-away coupling conforming to CAN/ULC-S644, “Standard for Emergency Breakaway Fittings for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, shall be provided. (5) When the flow of liquid can be stopped other than by the hose nozzle valve, a hose nozzle valve with a hold-open device is permitted to be used only if it is provided with a device that will automatically close the hose nozzle valve upon a drop of pressure in the dispensing hose. Subsection 4.6.6. Remote Pumping Systems Application 4.6.6.1. This Subsection shall apply to systems for dispensing flammable liquids or combustible liquids where such liquids are transferred from bulk storage to individual or multiple dispensers by pumps located elsewhere than at the dispensers. Pumps and control equipment 4.6.6.2. (1) Pumps, including associated control equipment, shall be designed so that the system will not be subject to pressures above the design working pressure. (2) Pumps shall be securely anchored and protected against damage from vehicles. Emergency valves 4.6.6.3. (1) An emergency valve conforming to CAN/ULC-S651, “Standard for Emergency Valves for Flammable and Combustible Liquids”, shall be installed in the supply line so that the shear point of the valve is at a level not higher than the base of the dispenser nor more than 25 mm below it. (2) The emergency valve required in Sentence (1) shall be maintained in operating condition and serviced at intervals not greater than 12 months. Pump location 4.6.6.4. (1) Pumps installed aboveground and outside buildings shall be located not less than (a) 3m from any property line, and (b) 1.5 m from any building opening. (2) When an outside pump location is impractical, pumps are permitted to be installed inside buildings or in pits as provided in Article 4.6.2.6. Marine fuel-dispensing stations 4.6.6.5. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), tanks and pumps not integral with the dispenser at marine fuel-dispensing stations shall be located on the shore or on a pier of the solid-fill type. (2) Where shore locations would result in excessively long supply lines to the dispenser, storage tanks are permitted to be installed on a pier provided that (a) the applicable portions of Subsection 4.3.7. relating to spacing, secondary containment and piping are complied with, and (b) the quantity stored does not exceed 5000 L aggregate capacity. (3) No storage tank at a marine fuel-dispensing station shall be located closer than 4.5 m horizontally from the normal annual high-water mark. (4) Storage tanks located on shore and supplying marine fuel-dispensing stations are permitted to be located aboveground where rock or a high water table make underground tanks impracticable. (5) Where storage tanks at a marine fuel-dispensing station are elevated above the dispenser, an automatically operated valve that is designed to open only when the dispenser is being operated, so as to prevent gravity draining of the tank in the event of a rupture of the supply line to the dispenser, shall be provided at the storage tank outlet, positioned adjacent to and outside the valve specified in Article 4.3.6.1. (6) Piping between storage tanks located on shore and dispensers at a marine fuel-dispensing station shall conform to Section 4.5, except that where dispensing is from a floating structure, it is permitted to use suitable lengths of flexible hose designed in conformance with good engineering practice between the piping on shore and the piping on the floating structure. Subsection 4.6.7. Spill Control Spill control 4.6.7.1. (1) Areas where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are dispensed shall be designed to (a) be able to handle accidental spillage in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6., and (b) control a spill of not less than 1000 L. Subsection 4.6.8. Supervision and Dispensing Procedures Attendants 4.6.8.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (5), every fuel-dispensing station shall have at least one attendant referred to in Article 4.6.8.5. on duty when the station is open for business. (2) Fuel-dispensing stations that do not serve the general public do not require an attendant. (3) Except as permitted at self-service outlets, a qualified attendant shall be in constant control of the dispensing of Class I and II liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, watercraft or floatplanes, or into containers. (4) Duties of attendants and fuel-dispensing procedures, as stated in Articles 4.6.8.5. and 4.6.8.6., shall be posted at every fuel-dispensing station. (5) At fuel-dispensing stations that offer both attended service and self-service, the attendant required in Sentence (1) is permitted to dispense flammable liquids or combustible liquids at an attended service dispenser, provided that there is an additional attendant supervising the activities at the self-service dispensers from a location in close proximity to one of the emergency shut-off devices required in Sentences 4.6.4.1.(1) and 4.6.4.2.(1). Self-service outlets 4.6.8.2. (1) Instructions for the operation of dispensers in self-service outlets shall be posted in a conspicuous location. (2) A control console shall be provided at self-service outlets within 25 m of all dispensers so that the attendant has an unobstructed view of all units at the same time. (3) The control console referred to in Sentence (2) shall be equipped to regulate the operation of each dispenser. (4) A 2-way communication system between the control console and each pump island shall be provided at self-service outlets. Special dispensers 4.6.8.3. Except as provided in Article 4.6.8.4. for card- or key-activated equipment, special dispensers including coin-operated, card-operated and preset units, shall not be permitted at self-service outlets unless there is at least one qualified attendant on duty for each 12 hoses that can be operated simultaneously while the outlet is open to the public. Card- or key-activated dispensers 4.6.8.4. (1) Card- or key-activated dispensers are permitted at unattended self-service outlets and fuel-dispensing stations that are not open to the general public in conformance with Sentences (2) to (6). (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (6), the installation of card- or key-activated dispensers shall conform to the requirements for self-service outlets and fuel-dispensing stations in this Section. (3) Operation of card- or key-activated dispensers shall be restricted to persons authorized by the supply agent to possess a card or key to operate the dispensers. (4) Clearly legible operating instructions, visible at all times, shall be posted at every dispenser island. (5) A telephone or other clearly identified means to notify the fire department shall be provided in a location readily accessible to the user. (6) Emergency instructions, including the telephone number of the local fire department, shall be conspicuously posted to advise the user, in the event of a spill or accident, (a) to use the emergency shut-off switch required in Article 4.6.4.2., and (b) to call the fire department. Duties of attendants 4.6.8.5. (1) Attendants on duty at fuel-dispensing stations shall (a) supervise the dispensing of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, (b) activate the controls to permit the dispensing of fuel at an individual dispenser only after the customer at the unit is ready to activate the nozzle, (c) prevent the dispensing of flammable liquids and combustible liquids into containers that (i) do not conform to Article 4.2.3.1., or (ii) are in a vehicle, (d) take appropriate measures to prevent sources of ignition from creating a hazard at the dispensers, (e) take appropriate action in the event of a spill to reduce the risk of fire, (f) shut off the power to all dispensers in the event of a spill or fire, and (g) perform routine visual inspections in accordance with Article 4.5.10.5. (2) In addition to the requirements in Sentence (1), attendants on duty at marine fuel-dispensing stations shall (a) activate the controls to permit the dispensing of fuel at an individual dispenser only after all ports and hatches on the watercraft have been closed, and (b) ensure that containers for flammable liquids and combustible liquids (i) are not filled beyond their safe filling level, and (ii) are filled only after they have been removed from the watercraft or floatplane. (3) Attendants shall be trained on how to conduct their duties. Fuel-dispensing procedures 4.6.8.6. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall not be dispensed into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, watercraft or floatplane while the engine is running.

(2) It is permitted to dispense a Class II or IIIA liquid into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle while its engine is running provided it is dispensed not less than 6 m away from any Class I liquid dispenser. (3) Class I and II liquids shall not be dispensed at a fuel-dispensing station into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle while any part of the motor vehicle or any vehicle attached to it is on a street. (4) Every person dispensing flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall (a) take precautions to prevent overflow or spillage of the liquid being dispensed, (b) not knowingly overfill the fuel system, (c) except as otherwise stated in Article 4.6.8.5., in the event of spillage, immediately apply an absorbent material to soak up the spillage in conformance with Article 4.1.6.3., (d) not dispense Class I or II liquids in proximity to open sources of ignition, (e) not use any object or device that is not an integral part of the hose nozzle valve assembly to maintain the flow of fuel, and (f) not dispense the liquids into containers that are in a vehicle, watercraft or floatplane. Sources of ignition 4.6.8.7. Smoking and non-fixed sources of ignition shall not be permitted within 7.5 m of a dispenser at a fuel-dispensing station. Signs 4.6.8.8. (1) At least one weather-resistant sign conforming to Sentences (2) to (4) shall be provided for each dispenser in a location visible to every driver approaching the dispenser. (2) The sign required in Sentence (1) shall indicate that smoking is not permitted in the vicinity of the dispenser and that the ignition must be turned off while the vehicle is being refuelled. (3) The sign required in Sentence (1) shall (a) have a minimum dimension of 200 mm, and (b) except as permitted in Sentence (4), have letters not less than 25 mm high. (4) The sign required in Sentence (1) is permitted to display the international “No Smoking – Ignition Off” symbol not less than 100 mm in diameter. Training procedures 4.6.8.9. Persons involved in the transfer operations of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be trained in accordance with Article 4.5.10.2. Subsection 4.6.9. Fire Prevention and Protection Portable extinguishers 4.6.9.1. At least two portable extinguishers, each having a rating of not less than 40-B:C, shall be provided at every fuel-dispensing station. Absorbent materials 4.6.9.2. Absorbent material to soak up liquid spillage shall be provided for use by attendants at fuel-dispensing stations in conformance with Article 4.1.6.3. Section 4.7 Bulk Plants Subsection 4.7.1. Scope Application 4.7.1.1. This Section shall apply to that portion of a property where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are received in bulk quantities and are stored or handled for the purpose of being distributed. Subsection 4.7.2. Storage Storage 4.7.2.1. (1) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be stored in (a) closed containers, in conformance with Article 4.7.2.4., or (b) storage tanks, in conformance with Section 4.3. Storage tanks 4.7.2.2. At bulk plant rail loading and unloading facilities, the minimum distance from a storage tank to a railway line shall be in conformance with the Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations, C.R.C., c1148, made under the Railway Safety Act (Canada). Hydraulic pressure shock 4.7.2.3. Bulk storage tanks, piping, pumps, valves and associated components shall be designed, installed and maintained to accommodate hydraulic pressure shock on the system. Container storage 4.7.2.4. (1) Containers for flammable liquids or combustible liquids stored indoors shall be stored in conformance with Subsection 4.2.7. (2) Containers for flammable liquids or combustible liquids stored outdoors shall be stored in conformance with Subsection 4.2.11., except that the distance between the piles and property lines and the distance between piles need not apply when the containers are stored in an area that does not present a hazard to neighbouring property. Spill control 4.7.2.5. An outdoor storage area shall be designed to accommodate accidental spillage in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Fencing 4.7.2.6. (1) The outdoor area occupied by aboveground storage tanks, container storage, ancillary equipment and unloading facilities shall be surrounded by a firmly anchored fence that is (a) substantially constructed to discourage climbing and unauthorized entry, (b) not less than 1.8 m high, and (c) provided with gates that shall be locked when the storage area is not staffed. (2) When in a fire department access route, the gates required in Clause (1)(c) shall be of adequate width and design and in a location that readily permits the entry of fire department vehicles. (3) Fencing that is installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Sentence (2). Subsection 4.7.3. Dispensing Interconnection 4.7.3.1. Dispensing systems for Class I liquids shall not be interconnected with dispensing systems for Class II and IIIA liquids. Dispensing into vehicles 4.7.3.2. (1) Dispensers used by the general public to dispense flammable liquids or combustible liquids into the fuel tanks of vehicles shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or equivalent barrier from the area in which the bulk storage operations are conducted. (2) Where a dispenser referred to in Sentence (1) is supplied from an aboveground storage tank (a) an automatically operated valve that is designed to open only when the dispenser is being operated shall be provided at the tank outlet, and (b) an emergency valve shall be provided for the dispenser in conformance with Sentence 4.6.6.3.(1). Dispensing into metal containers or tanks 4.7.3.3. Class I liquids shall not be dispensed into a metal container or storage tank unless it is electrically connected in conformance with Article 4.1.8.2. Dispensing and transfer inside buildings 4.7.3.4. Class I liquids shall be dispensed or transferred inside buildings only in conformance with Subsections 4.1.7. and 4.1.8. Subsection 4.7.4. Loading and Unloading Facilities Clearances 4.7.4.1. (1) At a loading or unloading facility for tank vehicles or tank cars, the horizontal distance from the fill stem to an aboveground storage tank, a building or a property line shall be not less than (a) 7.5 m for Class I liquids, and (b) 4.5 m for Class II and IIIA liquids. (2) At bulk plant rail loading and unloading facilities, the minimum distance from a loading structure to a railway line shall be in conformance with the Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations, C.R.C., c1148, made under the Railway Safety Act (Canada). (3) Buildings for the shelter of persons or pumps shall be considered a part of the loading or unloading facility. Multi-purpose facilities 4.7.4.2. When piping and pumping systems have been used for the transfer of either flammable liquids or combustible liquids at loading or unloading facilities, the system shall be cleaned of vapours before the other class of liquid is introduced. Check valves 4.7.4.3. (1) Systems through which tank cars or tank vehicles discharge into aboveground storage tanks by means of pumps shall be provided with check valves to prevent backflow and the inadvertent mixing of liquids. (2) Systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be designed, installed and maintained to prevent leakage or spillage. Control valves 4.7.4.4. (1) Valves installed to control the filling of tank vehicles or tank cars shall be of the self-closing type. (2) Control valves referred to in Sentence (1) shall be held open manually, except where automatic devices are provided for shutting off the flow in order to prevent the overfilling of tank vehicle or tank car compartments. Bonding and grounding 4.7.4.5. (1) Bonding, grounding and isolation components for protection against static charges during the loading or unloading of tank vehicles or tank cars shall be provided when transferring flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) Where flammable liquids or combustible liquids are transferred from or into railway tank cars, the railway tracks shall be bonded throughout their length and permanently grounded in conformance with the Railway Prevention of Electric Sparks Regulations, SOR/82-1015, made under the Canada Transportation Act (Canada). (3) Bonding required in Sentence (1) shall consist of a metallic bond wire connected to the fill stem or to some part of the loading or unloading structure that is in electrical contact with the fill stem in conformance with Subsection 4.1.4. (4) Bonding wires for tank vehicles shall be provided with a pull-off connector attached so as to be in electrical contact with the cargo tank of the tank vehicle. (5) The bonding connection required in Sentence (1) shall be fixed to the tank vehicle or storage tank before dome covers are raised and shall remain in place until filling is completed and all dome covers have been closed and secured. Downspouts 4.7.4.6. Except as provided in Sentence 4.1.8.2.(3), when tank vehicles or tank cars are filled with Class I or II liquids through the top of the tank, the fill pipe shall terminate within 150 mm of the bottom of the tank. Subsection 4.7.5. Fire Protection Portable extinguishers 4.7.5.1. At least two portable extinguishers, each having a rating of not less than 80-B:C, shall be provided at hazardous locations in bulk storage plants for flammable liquids and combustible liquids. Subsection 4.7.6. Spill Control Spill control 4.7.6.1. Facilities to control possible spills of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be provided at loading and unloading points, in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Section 4.8 Piers and Wharves Subsection 4.8.1. Scope Application 4.8.1.1. This Section applies to flammable liquid and combustible liquid installations on piers and wharves, but does not include marine fuel-dispensing stations. Subsection 4.8.2. General Clearances 4.8.2.1. (1) Piers and wharves where cargos of flammable liquids or combustible liquids are transferred in bulk quantities to or from tanks of marine vessels shall be not less than 30 m from (a) any bridge over a navigable waterway, and (b) an entrance to a superstructure of any vehicular or railroad tunnel under a waterway. (2) The termination of fixed piping for loading and unloading flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be not less than 60 m from a bridge or from an entrance to a tunnel. Construction 4.8.2.2. The substructure and deck of a pier or wharf shall be designed for its intended use and shall be constructed of heavy timber or material that will provide adequate flexibility, resistance to shock, durability, strength and fire resistance. Subsection 4.8.3. Storage Tanks Installation 4.8.3.1. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), storage tanks shall be installed on shore in conformance with Subsections 4.3.2. to 4.3.7. (2) Storage tanks are permitted to be located in buildings on piers and wharves of solid-fill or noncombustible construction provided they conform to Subsections 4.3.13. to 4.3.15. (3) Storage tanks are permitted to be buried in piers and wharves of the solid-fill type provided they conform to Subsections 4.3.8. to 4.3.12. Subsection 4.8.4. Piping, Valves and Fittings Installation and materials 4.8.4.1. The method of installation and materials used for piping, valves and fittings shall conform to Section 4.5. Pipe supports 4.8.4.2. (1) Piping shall be properly supported and arranged to prevent excessive vibration or strain on equipment connected to it. (2) Piping supports shall consist of (a) wood having no dimension less than 140 mm, (b) steel, or (c) concrete. (3) Where pipe is supported more than 1.2 m above the pier deck, piping supports shall have a minimum fire-resistance rating of 2 h. Guards 4.8.4.3. In areas where general cargo is handled or where piping might be subject to physical damage from vehicles, watercraft or floatplanes, the piping shall be protected by means of guarding devices. Flexible connections 4.8.4.4. Piping between the shore and piers or wharves shall be provided with swing joints or flexible connections designed in conformance with good engineering practice to permit the independent movement of the pier or wharf and shore piping without strain on the pipe. Shut-off valves 4.8.4.5. A readily accessible valve to shut off the supply from shore shall be provided in each pipeline within 7.5 m of piers and wharves. Access openings for inspection 4.8.4.6. (1) Access openings for inspection purposes below deck shall be provided for valves required in Article 4.8.4.5. and for connections to pipelines and suitable signs shall be posted indicating their locations. (2) No freight or materials shall be placed on piers and wharves in such a manner as to obstruct the access openings required in Sentence (1). Identification 4.8.4.7. Identification tags or labels of metal or other material impervious to water and to the flammable liquids or combustible liquids being transferred shall be attached to and maintained on all pipelines and control valves to designate their use. Leakage testing 4.8.4.8. (1) Piping systems shall be tested for leakage in conformance with Section 4.4 before being put into service and before reactivation when used on a seasonal basis. (2) Underground piping systems referred to in Sentence (1) shall be tested at intervals no greater than 12 months. Subsection 4.8.5. Bonding and Grounding Bonding and grounding 4.8.5.1. (1) Railway tracks on piers and wharves shall be bonded throughout their length and permanently grounded in conformance with the Railway Prevention of Electric Sparks Regulations, SOR/82-1015, made under the Canada Transportation Act (Canada). (2) Insulating joints shall be placed in all rails where entering upon the pier or wharf. Subsection 4.8.6. Fire Protection Portable extinguishers 4.8.6.1. (1) Portable extinguishers having a rating of 40-B:C shall be provided in the vicinity of Class I liquid pumps and fuel dispensers. (2) Portable extinguishers shall be kept in the pump house or other suitable location where they will be accessible in the event of an emergency, but not accessible to the public. (3) Where marine vessels are loading or unloading flammable liquids or combustible liquids or are being refuelled, portable extinguishers with a rating of not less than 40-B:C shall be placed on the pier or wharf in the vicinity of loading or unloading operations so that they are accessible in the event of a fire emergency. (4) Portable extinguishers provided in conformance with Sentence (3) shall be in addition to those provided on board the marine vessels. Training 4.8.6.2. Operating personnel shall be trained on how to summon the nearest fire department in the event of fire. Subsection 4.8.7. Bulk Transfer Stations Location 4.8.7.1. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), the bulk transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be permitted only on piers and wharves used exclusively for that purpose. (2) Where it is not practicable to locate bulk transfer stations on separate piers and wharves, such stations are permitted to be located on general purpose piers and wharves, provided that guards or fences are installed around valves or pumping equipment to prevent entry of unauthorized persons. Leakage and spill control 4.8.7.2. (1) Measures to accommodate possible leakage or spillage from hose couplings shall be provided in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. (2) Provision shall be made to prevent spillage resulting from the disconnection of hoses. Hose connections 4.8.7.3. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), hose connections on piping shall be of the bolted flange type and all such connections shall be provided with shut-off valves. (2) The use of cam-locking connections up to 105 mm in size shall be permitted. (3) Hose connections shall not project beyond the face of piers and wharves. Subsection 4.8.8. Cargo Hose Cargo hose 4.8.8.1. (1) The transfer of flammable liquids or combustible liquids between tanks of marine vessels and piers or wharves shall be through (a) flexible cargo hose designed in conformance with good engineering practice, or (b) jointed tubing or piping (i) suitable for the cargo to be transferred, and (ii) designed to withstand the maximum design working pressure. Maintenance and testing 4.8.8.2. Cargo hose shall be maintained in satisfactory operating condition and be pressure tested, at intervals not greater than 12 months, to 1.5 times the maximum working pressure but not less than 350 kPa (gauge). Supports 4.8.8.3. Cargo hose shall be supported where it is not run on a solid foundation. Subsection 4.8.9. Cargo Pumps Design and installation 4.8.9.1. Cargo pumps shall be designed and installed in conformance with Subsection 4.5.9. Pressure relief 4.8.9.2. Cargo pumps capable of producing pressures in excess of the safe working pressure of the cargo hose shall be provided with pressure relief devices such as return lines or relief valves. Location 4.8.9.3. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), cargo pumps shall be located (a) on shore or on piers and wharves either of noncombustible construction or of the solid-fill type, and (b) not less than 3 m from other buildings or structures. (2) Where it is not practicable to install cargo pumps as required in Sentence (1), they are permitted to be installed on piers and wharves of combustible construction if located in pump houses (a) conforming to Subsection 4.8.10., and (b) located not less than 3 m from other buildings. Subsection 4.8.10. Pump Houses Construction 4.8.10.1. Pump houses shall be of noncombustible construction with floors that are chemically resistant to the liquid being handled, liquid-tight and equipped with curbs or flashings around the base of the wall not less than 100 mm in height to contain any spilled liquid. Ventilation 4.8.10.2. Ventilation shall be provided in pump houses in conformance with Subsection 4.1.7. Subsection 4.8.11. Transfer Operations Supervision 4.8.11.1. (1) Transfer operations shall be carried out only under the continuous supervision of a person qualified to supervise such operations. (2) Cargo shall not be transferred to or from the tank of a marine vessel unless sufficient personnel are on board to control the operation. (3) The person responsible for directing the operations shall (a) prior to the transfer of cargo, ascertain that no unauthorized repair work is being carried out on the pier or wharf and that there are no open flames in the vicinity, (b) during the transfer of cargo, monitor the progress of the loading and unloading to prevent overflow, and (c) inspect the hose and connections for leakage and, if leakage occurs, stop the operations. Bonding and grounding 4.8.11.2. (1) Tanks of marine vessels shall be electrically connected to the shore piping prior to the connection of cargo hose, except when cathodic protection facilities are operating. (2) Electrical connections to tanks of marine vessels shall be maintained until the cargo hose has been disconnected and any spillage has been removed. Equipment 4.8.11.3. (1) Cargo hose shall be of adequate length to allow for movement of the marine vessel. (2) Gaskets shall be used in all hose joints and pipe couplings to prevent leakage. (3) Flanged joints shall be tightly bolted to prevent leakage. (4) Drip pans shall be placed under hose connections on piers and wharves, except where a sump pit or settling basin is provided. Spill control 4.8.11.4. (1) When transfer operations are completed, (a) the valves on the hose connections shall be closed, and (b) unless the cargo hose is equipped with a device that automatically prevents liquid from draining from the hose upon its disconnection, the hose shall be drained so as not to create a fire or explosion hazard. (2) Care shall be taken that no liquid is discharged on a pier or wharf or overboard during draining and emptying operations. Section 4.9 Process Plants Subsection 4.9.1. Scope Application 4.9.1.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), this Section applies to process plants, including refineries, that contain industrial processes involving flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) This Section does not apply to distilleries covered in Section 4.10. Subsection 4.9.2. Outdoor Processing Equipment Location 4.9.2.1. (1) The location of outdoor processing equipment in process plants shall be based on its flammable liquid or combustible liquid capacity as described in Sentences (2) to (4). (2) Except as provided in Sentence (4), outdoor processing equipment having emergency relief venting and a working pressure of not more than 17 kPa (gauge) shall be separated from property lines and buildings on the same property by distances (a) equal to those in Table 4.3.2.1. for stable liquids, and (b) 2.5 times those in Table 4.3.2.1. for unstable liquids. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), outdoor processing equipment having emergency relief venting and a working pressure more than 17 kPa (gauge) shall be separated from property lines and buildings on the same property by distances (a) 1.5 times those in Table 4.3.2.1. for stable liquids, and (b) 4 times those in Table 4.3.2.1. for unstable liquids. (4) Where protection is not provided against fires or explosions in processing equipment, the distances in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be doubled. Subsection 4.9.3. Processing Buildings Explosion venting 4.9.3.1. Except as provided in Article 4.9.4.2., where Class IA liquids or unstable liquids are processed within a room or a building, the room or building shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage from an internal explosion in conformance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”. Fire separations 4.9.3.2. Areas where unstable liquids are handled or where small scale unit chemical processes occur shall conform to Article 3.3.6.8. of Division B of the Building Code, as it read on January 1, 2025. Basements and pits 4.9.3.3. (1) Process plants where Class I and II liquids are handled shall not have basements or covered pits. (2) A process plant that has a basement or covered pit where Class I liquids are handled that is in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Sentence (1). Ventilation 4.9.3.4. Equipment used in a building and the ventilation of the building shall be designed so as to limit flammable vapour-air mixtures under normal operating conditions to the interior of equipment and to not more than 1.5 m from such equipment. Subsection 4.9.4. Fire Prevention and Protection Spill and vapour control 4.9.4.1. (1) Processing equipment shall be designed and arranged to (a) prevent the unintentional escape of liquids and vapours, and (b) minimize the quantity escaping in the event of accidental release. (2) Measures to control spilled flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be provided in conformance with Subsection 4.1.6. Explosion protection 4.9.4.2. (1) Processing equipment where an explosion hazard is present shall be (a) designed to withstand the explosion pressure without damage to the equipment, (b) provided with explosion venting in conformance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”, or (c) provided with an explosion prevention system in conformance with NFPA 69, “Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems”. Fire protection 4.9.4.3. (1) An evaluation of the fire and explosion risks shall be undertaken to consider the material properties, quantities, operating conditions, storage arrangement, transportation, process design, operating and maintenance procedures. (2) The evaluation in Sentence (1) shall result in the identification of measures that will minimize fires and explosions from occurring and mitigate the effects of a fire or explosion should it occur. (3) Measures identified in Sentence (2) shall be implemented in conformance with good engineering practices to prevent fires and explosions from occurring. (4) Measures identified in Sentence (2) may include but are not limited to (a) fire detection and alarm, (b) special fire suppression systems conforming to the standards identified in Sentences 2.1.3.5.(3) and (4), (c) sprinkler system conforming to NFPA 13, “Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, (d) a reliable water supply with pressure and flow rates capable of meeting the fire demands, (e) standpipe and hose systems connected to a reliable water supply located such that vessels, pumps and other equipment containing flammable liquids or combustible liquids can be reached with at least one hose stream, (f) combination nozzles capable of discharging a straight steam, water spray or fog, (g) hydrants or monitor nozzles installed in accordance with NFPA 24, “Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances”, (h) fire-proofing to protect essential equipment and controls, (i) methods to effect an emergency shutdown of systems, and (j) methods to protect equipment and structures from fire exposure. (5) The evaluation and measures shall be put in writing and kept in the building for review by the Chief Fire Official. Emergency procedures 4.9.4.4. Emergency procedures conforming to Article 4.1.5.5. shall be established for process plants, including refineries. Section 4.10 Distilleries Subsection 4.10.1. Scope Application 4.10.1.1. (1) This Section applies only to those areas or buildings in distilleries where distilled beverage alcohols are concentrated, blended, mixed, stored or packaged. (2) The storage, handling and use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids other than distilled beverage alcohols in a distillery shall conform to this Part. (3) Where there is a conflict between the requirements of this Section and other requirements in this Part, this Section shall govern. (4) Where there are conflicts between this Part and the regulations made under the Excise Act (Canada) with regard to security of the product and measurement methods, the Excise Act (Canada) shall govern. Subsection 4.10.2. General Building classification 4.10.2.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), buildings or parts of buildings in which distilled beverage alcohol is distilled, processed or stored in bulk shall be classified as high-hazard industrial occupancies. (2) Buildings or parts of buildings used for the storage of closed containers of distilled beverage alcohols shall be classified as medium-hazard industrial occupancies. Subsection 4.10.3. Storage Tanks and Containers Design, fabrication and testing 4.10.3.1. Storage tanks, wooden vats, barrels, drums or containers used for the storage or processing of distilled beverage alcohols shall be designed, fabricated and tested for the anticipated maximum working pressure, operating temperature, internal corrosion conditions and structural stresses to which they could be subjected. Supports, foundations and anchorage 4.10.3.2. (1) Supports, foundations and anchorage of storage tanks shall comply with Subsection 4.3.3., except that timber supports shall be permitted. (2) Storage tank supports having less than a 2 h fire-resistance rating shall be protected by an automatic fire suppression system conforming to an applicable standard set out in Article 2.1.3.5. (3) The area underneath any storage tank greater than 1.2 m in diameter shall be protected by an automatic fire suppression system conforming to an applicable standard set out in Article 2.1.3.5. Storage tank vents 4.10.3.3. Normal and emergency vents shall be provided on storage tanks in conformance with good engineering practice. Subsection 4.10.4. Storage Storage tanks, drums and barrels 4.10.4.1. Where more than 25000 L of distilled beverage alcohol in storage tanks, drums or barrels are stored inside buildings, such buildings shall be sprinklered. Closed containers and storage aids 4.10.4.2. Storage of closed containers of distilled beverage alcohols, packaging materials and empty bottles, drums, barrels and pallets shall be in conformance with Part 3. Subsection 4.10.5. Piping and Pumping Systems Design and installation 4.10.5.1. The design, fabrication, assembly and inspection of piping and pumping systems containing distilled beverage alcohols shall be suitable for the anticipated maximum working pressures, operating temperatures, internal corrosion conditions and structural stresses to which they could be subjected. Subsection 4.10.6. Ventilation Ventilation 4.10.6.1. Natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided for all areas where alcohol vapours are released from storage tanks or process equipment under normal operating conditions, to prevent the concentration of vapours from exceeding 25% of the lower explosive limit, measured 1.5 m from any equipment or from any opening subject to vapour release. Explosion venting 4.10.6.2. Explosion venting shall be provided in conformance with Article 4.2.9.5. Subsection 4.10.7. Spill Control Spill control 4.10.7.1. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct any spilled or leaked distilled beverage alcohol to a safe location. Subsection 4.10.8. Fire Protection Portable extinguishers 4.10.8.1. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), in maturing warehouses, at least one portable extinguisher having a rating of 4-A:30-B:C shall be located adjacent to each exit. (2) Hose stations in conformance with Article 6.2.6.6. are permitted to be installed in lieu of portable extinguishers at locations required in Sentence (1), and spaced so that the travel distance to the nearest hose is not greater than 25 m. (3) At least one portable extinguisher having a rating of 30-B:C shall be located on each industrial lift truck. (4) In addition to the requirements set out in Sentences (1) to (3), portable extinguishers shall be provided in conformance with Section 6.2. Standpipe and hose systems 4.10.8.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), standpipe and hose systems shall be provided and installed in distilleries in conformance with the Building Code. (2) Where a building is sprinklered in conformance with the Building Code, small hose (38 mm) stations are permitted to be supplied from interior sprinkler piping. Section 4.11 Tank Vehicles Subsection 4.11.1. Scope Application 4.11.1.1. This Section applies to tank vehicles when located on a property covered in this Code. Subsection 4.11.2. General Portable extinguishers 4.11.2.1. (1) A tank vehicle shall be provided with at least one portable extinguisher having a minimum rating of 80-B:C. (2) Portable extinguishers on a tank vehicle shall be readily accessible. Hot works 4.11.2.2. Hot works performed on or in close proximity to a tank vehicle shall conform to Section 5.17. Parking inside buildings 4.11.2.3. (1) A tank vehicle shall not be parked inside a building unless (a) the building is specifically designed for that purpose, (b) there is sufficient space in the tank vehicle compartment to accommodate the thermal expansion of the flammable liquid or combustible liquid, and (c) the tank vehicle has no leaks of flammable liquid or combustible liquid. Parking outside buildings 4.11.2.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a tank vehicle is permitted to be left unattended by the vehicle operator outside a building for not more than 1 h. (2) A tank vehicle is permitted to be left unattended by the vehicle operator outside a building for more than 1 h, but only in a parking space (a) that is located not less than 15 m from a building, and (b) where the tank vehicle is not exposed to undue hazard from accident or collision. Subsection 4.11.3. Loading, Unloading and Dispensing from Tank Vehicles Loading and unloading 4.11.3.1. Unless otherwise stated in this Subsection, the loading and unloading of tank vehicles shall be conducted in conformance with the applicable provisions in Subsection 4.7.4. Ignition sources 4.11.3.2. During loading and unloading operations, a tank vehicle and its delivery equipment shall be separated from ignition sources by distances conforming to the requirements for dispensers in Articles 4.6.3.3. and 4.6.8.7. Static electric charges 4.11.3.3. During loading and unloading of a tank vehicle, measures shall be taken against static electric charges in conformance with Articles 4.1.8.2. and 4.7.4.5. Supervision 4.11.3.4. During loading and unloading of a tank vehicle, trained personnel shall be in a position to shut off the flow of liquid in an emergency. Multi-use compartments 4.11.3.5. When a compartment of a tank vehicle has been used to carry a Class I liquid, the compartment, piping and accessory delivery equipment shall be drained of liquid before a Class II or IIIA liquid is loaded. Engine 4.11.3.6. When the loading or unloading of Class I liquids is done without the use of the engine of the tank vehicle, the engine ignition shall be shut off during the transfer operations. Unloading 4.11.3.7. (1) Before a tank vehicle is unloaded, the volume of liquid in the receiving tank shall be measured to ensure that the tank can accept the volume to be unloaded. (2) If the vents of the receiving or delivery tank are obstructed, the transfer of liquid shall be stopped. (3) A tank vehicle shall not be parked on a street, shoulder or sidewalk while unloading at a fuel-dispensing station. Dispensing into vehicles 4.11.3.8. (1) Dispensing Class I liquids into the fuel tank of vehicles directly from a tank vehicle shall not be permitted. (2) Dispensing Class II or IIIA liquids into the fuel tank of vehicles directly from a tank vehicle having a capacity greater than 3000 L shall be permitted only if (a) the vehicles are located outdoors on a property where they are (i) not less than 6 m away from any building, and (ii) not exposed to undue hazard from accident or collision, (b) at least two portable extinguishers having a minimum rating of 80-B:C are provided on the tank vehicle, (c) the delivery hoses and automatically closing hose nozzle valves used for the fuel-dispensing operations conform to Subsection 4.6.5., (d) the tank vehicle operator is given training and equipment for controlling any spillage that may occur during the fuel-dispensing operations, and (e) in cases where fuel-dispensing operations are carried out at a site not conforming to Subsection 4.1.6., measures are in place to control a spill of not less than 1000 L. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 4; O. Reg. 150/13, ss. 13-15; O. Reg. 194/14, s. 7; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 78-195; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 14-17; O. Reg. 87/25, s. 31; O. Reg. 303/25, s. 6, 7. PART 5 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 5.1 GENERAL Subsection 5.1.1. Application, Explosives, Fireworks and Pyrotechnics Subsection 5.1.2. Means of Egress Subsection 5.1.3. Electrical Installations Subsection 5.1.4. Ventilation SECTION 5.2 RESERVED SECTION 5.3 DUST PRODUCING PROCESSES Subsection 5.3.1. General Subsection 5.3.2. Woodworking Operations Subsection 5.3.3. Grain Handling and Storage Facilities SECTION 5.4 CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS Subsection 5.4.1. Displays Subsection 5.4.2. Manufacture Subsection 5.4.3. Storage of Finished Products Subsection 5.4.4. Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film Subsection 5.4.5. Fire Protection SECTION 5.5 LABORATORIES Subsection 5.5.1. Application Subsection 5.5.2. Construction Subsection 5.5.3. Fire Prevention and Protection Subsection 5.5.4. Ventilation Subsection 5.5.5. Dangerous Goods Subsection 5.5.6. Existing Laboratories SECTION 5.6 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS Subsection 5.6.1. General Subsection 5.6.2. Storage SECTION 5.7 RESERVED SECTION 5.8 RESERVED SECTION 5.9 RESERVED SECTION 5.10 RESERVED SECTION 5.11 HOT SURFACE APPLICATIONS Subsection 5.11.1. Application Subsection 5.11.2. General SECTION 5.12 SPRAY APPLICATIONS USING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS Subsection 5.12.1. Application and Separation Subsection 5.12.2. Construction Subsection 5.12.3. Ventilation Subsection 5.12.4. Exhaust Ducts Subsection 5.12.5. Electrical Equipment Subsection 5.12.6. Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids Subsection 5.12.7. Control of Fire Hazards Subsection 5.12.8. Fire Protection Equipment Subsection 5.12.9. Drying Operations Subsection 5.12.10. Electrostatic Spraying Subsection 5.12.11. Dry Powder-Coating Using Spray Guns SECTION 5.13 DIP TANKS Subsection 5.13.1. Location Subsection 5.13.2. Construction Subsection 5.13.3. Overflow and Drain Pipes Subsection 5.13.4. Salvage Tanks Subsection 5.13.5. Control of Fire Hazards Subsection 5.13.6. Fire Protection SECTION 5.14 SPECIAL PROCESSES INVOLVING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS Subsection 5.14.1. Quench Tanks Subsection 5.14.2. Flow-Coating Operations Subsection 5.14.3. Roll Coating Processes Subsection 5.14.4. Electrostatic Detearing Processes Subsection 5.14.5. Automobile Undercoating Subsection 5.14.6. Dry Powder-Coating Using Fluidized Beds Subsection 5.14.7. Organic Peroxides and Dual Component Coatings Subsection 5.14.8. Floor Finishing Subsection 5.14.9. Bowling Alleys Subsection 5.14.10. Drycleaning and Dyeing Plants Subsection 5.14.11. Hazardous Extraction Operations SECTION 5.15 RESERVED SECTION 5.16 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING Subsection 5.16.1. Application Subsection 5.16.2. Safety Precautions SECTION 5.17 HOT WORKS Subsection 5.17.1. Application Subsection 5.17.2. Use and Maintenance of Equipment Subsection 5.17.3. Prevention of Fires SECTION 5.18 INDUSTRIAL OVENS FOR BAKING AND DRYING PROCESSES Subsection 5.18.1. Application Subsection 5.18.2. Location Subsection 5.18.3. Construction Subsection 5.18.4. Ventilation Subsection 5.18.5. Maintenance Subsection 5.18.6. Fire Protection SECTION 5.1 GENERAL Subsection 5.1.1. Application, Explosives, Fireworks and Pyrotechnics Application 5.1.1.1. This Part applies to materials, processes and operations that involve a risk from explosion or high flammability, or otherwise create a hazard to life safety or health. Explosives 5.1.1.2. (1) The manufacturing, handling, transportation, sale and use of dangerous goods classified as explosives shall be in conformance with the Explosives Act (Canada) and its regulations. (2) No explosives shall be manufactured, stored, handled, transported, sold or used unless fire emergency procedures are established in accordance with Section 2.8 and such procedures specify (a) the location and identification of storage and handling areas, and (b) the methods to control a fire emergency safely and efficiently. (3) Sentence (2) does not apply to (a) the storage of consumer fireworks (type F.1, as designated by the Explosives Act (Canada) and its regulations) in dwelling units, or (b) the storage of small arms cartridges (type C.1, as designated by the Explosives Act (Canada) and its regulations) in dwelling units. Handling and discharge of fireworks and pyrotechnics 5.1.1.3. The handling and discharge of fireworks and pyrotechnics shall conform to NRCan, “Display Fireworks Manual” and NRCan, “Special Effects Pyrotechnics Manual”. Subsection 5.1.2. Means of Egress Means of egress 5.1.2.1. Hazardous materials, processes and operations shall be located and the premises maintained so that the means of egress will not be obstructed in any manner that would interfere with evacuation of the floor area in the event of a fire. Subsection 5.1.3. Electrical Installations Electrical installations 5.1.3.1. Electrical installations shall conform to the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. Subsection 5.1.4. Ventilation Ventilation requirements 5.1.4.1. Ventilation shall be provided for hazardous locations and processes in conformance with the Building Code and the requirements of this Part. Ventilation of processes using flammable gas 5.1.4.2. (1) Subject to Sentence (2), operations involving the use of flammable gas shall be provided with continuous mechanical ventilation that (a) is sufficient to ensure that flammable gas concentrations outside any zone identified as Class I, Zone 2 in accordance with the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998, do not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit of the flammable gas, (b) contains automatic interlocks so that the processes using flammable gas cannot be performed when the ventilation system is not in operation, (c) is provided with an audible alarm in an attended area that activates upon shutdown of the ventilation system, (d) conforms to NFPA 91, “Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists and Noncombustible Particulate Solids”, (e) is not used for any purpose other than ventilation and exhaust, (f) is kept free of obstructions that may interfere with its operation, and (g) if it recirculates exhaust air, is provided with a fail-safe gas detection and alarm system that continuously monitors the flammable gas concentration in the exhaust air, so that if the flammable gas concentration in the exhaust air exceeds 25% of the lower explosive limit, the system will (i) sound an alarm in an attended area, (ii) stop the recirculation of air, and (iii) redirect the exhaust air to an outdoor location. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to operations where flammable gas is only used as a fuel. SECTION 5.2 RESERVED Section 5.3 Dust Producing Processes Subsection 5.3.1. General Application 5.3.1.1. This Section shall apply to buildings or parts of buildings where combustible dusts are produced in quantities or concentrations that create an explosion or fire hazard. Dust removal 5.3.1.2. (1) Building and machinery surfaces shall be kept clean of accumulations of combustible dusts using cleaning equipment that (a) is made of materials that will not create electrostatic charges or sparks, (b) is electrically conductive and bonded to ground, and (c) except as permitted in Sentence (3), removes the dust to a safe location by vacuum. (2) Cleaning equipment required in Sentence (1) that is used in an atmosphere containing combustible dusts shall conform to the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. (3) Where it is not possible to effectively remove the dust by vacuum, it is permitted to use compressed air or other means that will cause the dust to become suspended in the air during removal if, in the dust removal area, (a) all sources of ignition are eliminated, and (b) all machinery and equipment is de-energized, unless such machinery or equipment is suitable for use in atmospheres containing combustible dusts, in conformance with the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. Dust-collecting systems 5.3.1.3. (1) Dust-collecting systems shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of dust and keep suspended dusts at a safe concentration inside a building. (2) A dust-collecting system required in Sentence (1) shall (a) be designed in conformance with good engineering practice, (b) be made of noncombustible materials, and (c) not create sparks upon physical contact in the fan assembly. Dust collectors 5.3.1.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a dust collector having a capacity greater than 2.36 m3/s shall (a) be located outside of a building, and (b) be equipped with explosion venting to the outdoors of not less than 0.1 m2 of vent area for each cubic metre of dust collector enclosure volume. (2) A dust collector described in Sentence (1) is permitted to be located inside a building if it is (a) provided with explosion venting to the outdoors as specified in Clause (1)(b), (b) equipped with an automatic explosion prevention system, or (c) located in a room (i) with fire separations having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h, (ii) provided with explosion venting to the outdoors, and (iii) used solely for the housing of dust-collecting equipment. (3) When air exhausted by a dust collector described in this Article is returned to a building, the dust-collecting system shall be designed so that (a) returned air will not create an explosion hazard inside the building, and (b) the exhaust fan and ancillary equipment are automatically shut down in the event of a fire or an explosion inside the dust collector. Bonding and grounding 5.3.1.5. (1) Electrically conducting parts of conveying systems, dust collectors, dust-producing machines and any equipment capable of accumulating static electricity located in an atmosphere containing combustible dusts shall be electrically bonded and grounded. (2) Static electricity shall be prevented from accumulating on machines or equipment subject to static electricity buildup by appropriate bonding, grounding and static eliminating devices. Explosion venting 5.3.1.6. (1) Except as provided in Article 5.3.1.7., an activity that creates an atmosphere containing significant concentrations of combustible dusts shall be located only in a building provided with explosion venting to the outdoors. (2) When explosion venting is required in this Section, it shall be designed to prevent critical structural and mechanical damage to the building in conformance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”. Explosion prevention systems 5.3.1.7. (1) In processes where an explosion hazard is present and conditions exist that prevent adequate explosion venting as required in this Section, an explosion prevention system shall be provided. (2) When an explosion prevention system is required in this Section, it shall be designed in conformance with NFPA 69, “Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems”. Electrical interlocks 5.3.1.8. Equipment required to have a dust-collecting system shall be interlocked to prevent it from operating if the dust-collecting system is not in operation. Separators 5.3.1.9. Separators shall be provided to prevent the entrance of foreign materials that may cause sparks in conveying equipment, dust collectors, dust-producing machines and any equipment located in an atmosphere containing combustible dusts. Ignition sources 5.3.1.10. (1) Unless controlled in a manner that will not create a fire or explosion hazard, a device, operation or activity that produces open flames, sparks or heat shall not be permitted. (2) Portable electrical equipment used in atmospheres containing combustible dusts shall conform to Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. (3) Smoking shall not be permitted in atmospheres containing combustible dusts. Air velocity 5.3.1.11. Dust-collecting systems shall be designed for an air velocity in the ducts of at least 1068 m/min. Vent stacks 5.3.1.12. (1) Permanently open vent stacks may be used to ventilate storage containers where mechanical dust-collecting systems are not practical, provided that the vent stacks (a) have a cross-sectional area not less than twice that of spouts discharging into the container, (b) are installed not more than 30 degrees from the vertical, (c) extend from the top of the container to a point not less than 1.2 m above the roof, and (d) are designed to prevent the entry of snow and rain. Subsection 5.3.2. Woodworking Operations Exhaust systems 5.3.2.1. (1) Every machine that produces wood dust, particles or shavings shall be provided with a blower and exhaust system installed in conformance with NFPA 664, “Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities”. (2) Operations or machines that generate sparks or combustible vapours shall not be served by exhaust systems connected to woodworking machines referred to in Sentence (1). (3) Blower and exhaust systems that are installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements are deemed to comply with Sentence (1).

Shavings and sawdust collection 5.3.2.2. Loose shavings and sawdust shall be collected at frequent intervals and deposited in receptacles conforming to Article 2.4.1.3. Fire extinguishers 5.3.2.3. A portable extinguisher that complies with Subsection 6.2.6. or a garden-type hose shall be provided within 7.5 m of any machine producing wood dust, particles or shavings. Subsection 5.3.3. Grain Handling and Storage Facilities Storage bins and silos 5.3.3.1. (1) A product subject to spontaneous heating shall be permitted to be stored in silos or bins only if measures are taken to (a) monitor the temperature of the stored product, and (b) prevent overheating of the stored product from creating a fire or explosion hazard. (2) Permanently open vent stacks are permitted to be used for the ventilation of storage bins where mechanical dust-collecting systems are not practical, provided that the vent stacks (a) have a cross-sectional area not less than twice that of all spouts discharging into the bin, (b) are installed not more than 30 degrees from the vertical, (c) extend from the top of the bin to a point not less than 1.2 m above the roof, and (d) are designed to prevent the entry of snow and rain. Conveying equipment 5.3.3.2. (1) Belt conveyors and bucket elevator legs shall be equipped with safety devices to (a) detect excessive misalignment, blockage, slipping or slow-down of the conveying equipment, and (b) prevent conditions described in Clause (a) from creating a fire or explosion hazard by (i) alerting personnel trained in taking appropriate actions, or (ii) automatically stopping the conveying equipment. (2) Conveying equipment belts shall be made of static conductive materials to prevent buildup of static charges. (3) Conveying equipment bearings shall be (a) accessible for inspection and maintenance, (b) lubricated to prevent overheating, and (c) kept free of accumulation of combustible dusts. (4) Belt conveyor galleries and tunnels and bucket elevator leg enclosures shall be provided with explosion venting to the outdoors in conformance with Sentence 5.3.1.6.(2). Separators 5.3.3.3. Separators shall be provided at grain receiving points ahead of the conveying equipment. Fire protection 5.3.3.4. Where a hose station is provided in grain handling and storage facilities in which combustible dusts are produced in quantities or concentrations that create an explosion or fire hazard, fog and fine spray nozzles shall be used instead of nozzles that discharge a solid stream of water to prevent combustible dusts from being raised into suspension. SECTION 5.4 CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS Subsection 5.4.1. Displays Advertising displays 5.4.1.1. Displays of cellulose nitrate plastic articles in stores that are not in showcases or show windows shall be displayed only when placed on tables or counters not more than 1 m wide and 3 m long, and the spaces underneath the tables or counters shall be kept free of combustible materials. Lighting fixtures 5.4.1.2. Lighting fixtures shall not be located adjacent to any cellulose nitrate plastic material so as to create a possible ignition hazard. Subsection 5.4.2. Manufacture Storage of raw materials 5.4.2.1. Raw materials used in the manufacture of cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored only in areas reserved for that purpose. Storage in cabinets 5.4.2.2. Not more than 450 kg of raw material used for the manufacture of finished cellulose nitrate plastic goods shall be stored in cabinets in any one workroom, not more than 225 kg stored in any one cabinet and not more than 112 kg in any one compartment of the cabinet. Storage in vented vaults 5.4.2.3. Raw material in excess of that permitted in Article 5.4.2.2. shall be kept in vented vaults not exceeding 40 m3 capacity and protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. Accumulation of materials in workrooms 5.4.2.4. In factories manufacturing articles of cellulose nitrate plastics, sprinklered and vented cabinets, vaults or storage rooms shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of excessive quantities of such material in workrooms. Stationing of operators 5.4.2.5. In the workrooms of factories where cellulose nitrate plastics are being processed, operators shall be stationed not closer than 1 m apart. Storage in work areas 5.4.2.6. Material for the manufacture of cellulose nitrate plastic articles that is not kept in containers may be placed on tables, workbenches or at machines provided the quantity does not exceed one day’s supply. Storage limitations in workrooms 5.4.2.7. The total amount of cellulose nitrate plastic materials, including the material in containers and on tables, in any one workroom shall not exceed 70 kg. Waste material storage 5.4.2.8. Waste cellulose nitrate plastic materials such as shavings, chips, turnings, sawdust edgings and trimmings shall be kept under water in metal receptacles until removed from the premises. Subsection 5.4.3. Storage of Finished Products Ventilation 5.4.3.1. Areas where cellulose nitrate plastic finished products are stored shall be ventilated so that any decomposition gases produced by the plastics will be vented outdoors to an area where they will not re-enter the building. Heating appliance restrictions 5.4.3.2. (1) Cellulose nitrate plastics shall not be stored (a) in rooms containing fuel-burning appliances or electrical heating elements, or (b) within 600 mm of any steam pipe, radiator or chimney. Storage vaults 5.4.3.3. (1) Where cellulose nitrate plastics in excess of 11 kg are stored in any fire compartment in a building, a vented cabinet or vault constructed in conformance with NFPA 40E, “Code for the Storage of Pyroxylin Plastic”, and Articles 5.4.3.4. and 5.4.3.5. shall be provided for its storage. (2) Not more than 9000 kg of cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored in any vault. Storage up to 3400 kg 5.4.3.4. (1) Where quantities do not exceed 3400 kg, cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored in a vault that (a) has a fire-resistance rating not less than 1.5 h, (b) is designed to resist an internal pressure of 3.5 kPa, (c) is not greater than 40 m3 in volume, (d) has explosion venting of 0.1 m2 of venting area to the exterior for every cubic metre of vault volume, and (e) is ventilated to the exterior to provide 200 cm2 of ventilating area for each cubic metre of vault volume. Storage in excess of 3400 kg 5.4.3.5. (1) Where quantities exceed 3400 kg but do not exceed 9000 kg, cellulose nitrate plastics shall be stored in a vault that (a) has a fire-resistance rating not less than 4 h, (b) is designed to resist an internal pressure of 28 kPa, (c) has explosion venting of 650 cm2 of venting area to the exterior for every cubic metre of vault volume, and (d) is ventilated to the exterior to provide 200 cm2 of ventilating area for each cubic metre of vault volume. Subsection 5.4.4. Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film Restricted use 5.4.4.1. Cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall not be used, stored or handled in a place of public assembly. Storage and handling 5.4.4.2. Cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall be stored and handled in conformance with NFPA 40, “Standard for the Storage and Handling of Cellulose Nitrate Motion Picture Film”. Storage when not in use 5.4.4.3. When not in use, cellulose nitrate motion picture film shall be kept in closed, single-roll containers. Subsection 5.4.5. Fire Protection Sprinkler systems 5.4.5.1. The manufacture and storage of articles of cellulose nitrate plastic in quantities exceeding 45 kg shall be only in buildings equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. Section 5.5 Laboratories Subsection 5.5.1. Application Application 5.5.1.1. (1) This Section applies to laboratories where dangerous goods, including flammable liquids and combustible liquids, are used. (2) Except as otherwise specified in this Section, the use, handling and storage of dangerous goods, including flammable liquids and combustible liquids, shall conform to this Part and Parts 3 and 4. Subsection 5.5.2. Construction Interior finish materials 5.5.2.1. Interior finish materials, floors, fixed furniture and equipment shall be chemically resistant to dangerous goods being used in a laboratory to minimize their deterioration, in conformance with Articles 3.2.7.7. and 3.2.7.8. Separation 5.5.2.2. (1) A laboratory shall be separated from other parts of the building by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h. (2) A laboratory that has fire separations consisting of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) if the laboratory was in existence on or before November 21, 1997. Subsection 5.5.3. Fire Prevention and Protection Emergency planning 5.5.3.1. (1) A fire safety plan conforming to Section 2.8. shall be prepared. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) to (6), a laboratory shall conform to the requirements for emergency planning stated in Section 2.8. (3) Persons working in a laboratory shall be trained in the safe handling and use of dangerous goods, in conformance with Article 3.2.7.15. (4) Dangerous goods shall be identified in conformance with Article 3.2.7.13. (5) The laboratory shall be clearly designated as an area containing dangerous goods in conformance with Article 3.2.7.14. (6) Measures shall be taken to prevent access to the laboratory by unauthorized persons. Combustible materials 5.5.3.2. (1) Where combustible materials, such as packaging materials, are used in a laboratory, their quantity shall not be greater than the supply for one day of normal operation. (2) Combustible materials in excess of those permitted in Sentence (1) shall be stored outside of the laboratory in conformance with Section 3.2. Spill control 5.5.3.3. (1) Absorbent and neutralizing materials shall be provided in the laboratory and in the dangerous goods storage areas in conformance with Sentence 3.2.7.11.(2). (2) A written spill procedure shall be provided for laboratories in conformance with Article 4.1.6.4. Electrical equipment 5.5.3.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentence 5.5.3.5.(3), electrical equipment located in areas where the concentration of flammable vapours is sufficient to create a hazard shall conform to Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. (2) Electrical equipment located inside a power-ventilated enclosure required in Article 5.5.4.2. and its exhaust duct system shall (a) conform to Sentence (1), and (b) be designed and maintained to prevent the accumulation of combustible or reactive deposits. Ignition sources 5.5.3.5. (1) Smoking shall not be permitted in a laboratory and signs shall be posted in conformance with Article 2.4.3.2. (2) Where overheating of unattended equipment using heat can cause a fire or an explosion, such equipment shall be equipped with a high temperature limit switch fitted to (a) sound an alarm, and (b) shut off the heat. (3) An ignition source that is an integral part of an operation involving flammable vapours shall be permitted provided (a) the supply of flammable liquids or combustible liquids for this operation is controlled and kept to a strict minimum, (b) flammable vapours and combustion fumes are exhausted in conformance with Article 5.5.4.2., (c) there is no other source of ignition capable of igniting the flammable vapours in an uncontrolled manner, and (d) there is no combustible material in the immediate vicinity of this operation. Inspection and maintenance 5.5.3.6. (1) Electrical equipment, mechanical systems, piping, valves and automatic and manual control and safety devices shall be inspected at intervals not greater than 12 months and maintained in good operating condition at all times. (2) The ventilation systems serving a laboratory shall be inspected and cleaned to prevent the accumulation of combustible or reactive deposits and the intervals between inspections shall be not greater than (a) 12 months for the ventilation systems of the laboratory and dangerous goods storage areas, and (b) six months for the ventilation system of a power-ventilated enclosure required in Article 5.5.4.2. Subsection 5.5.4. Ventilation General ventilation 5.5.4.1. (1) A laboratory shall be provided with continuous mechanical ventilation designed to ensure that dangerous goods vapours and particles (a) do not accumulate in the laboratory, (b) are prevented from migrating to other parts of the building, (c) do not accumulate in the ventilation system, (d) are exhausted to the outdoors, and (e) are not returned to the building. (2) A ventilation system required in Sentence (1) shall be provided with monitoring devices to (a) indicate that the ventilation system is in operation, and (b) sound an alarm if the ventilation system is malfunctioning. (3) A ventilation system required in Sentence (1) shall be maintained to ensure it fulfils the function for which it was designed. Power-ventilated enclosure 5.5.4.2. (1) The use of dangerous goods in a laboratory shall be confined inside a power-ventilated enclosure conforming to Articles 5.5.4.3. and 5.5.4.4. when (a) their use releases flammable vapours or causes runaway or potentially explosive reactions, (b) liquids are heated to a temperature equal to or greater than their flash point, or (c) Class I liquids or unstable liquids are used. (2) A power-ventilated enclosure required in Sentence (1) shall not be used for the storage of dangerous goods and any quantity in excess of the supply necessary for normal operations shall conform to Subsection 5.5.5. Enclosure exhaust ventilation 5.5.4.3. (1) The ventilation system for a power-ventilated enclosure required in Article 5.5.4.2. shall (a) conform to NFPA 91, “Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids”, (b) provide continuous exhaust ventilation at an air velocity sufficient to prevent the accumulation of combustible or reactive deposits in the power-ventilated enclosure and its exhaust duct system, (c) confine dangerous goods vapours and particles to the area where they are generated and exhaust them to the outdoors, (d) not return the exhausted air to the building, and (e) be provided with well identified control switches that are (i) located outside of the power-ventilated enclosure, and (ii) readily accessible in case of an emergency. (2) The ventilation system described in Sentence (1) shall not be interlocked with a fire detection, fire alarm or make-up air system. (3) Where combustible or reactive deposits can accumulate in the power-ventilated enclosure and its exhaust duct system and create a fire or explosion hazard (a) provisions shall be made to remove such deposits so they do not create a fire or explosion hazard, or (b) an automatic fire suppression system shall be provided in conformance with an applicable standard set out in Article 2.1.3.5. Enclosure construction 5.5.4.4. (1) The power-ventilated enclosure required in Article 5.5.4.2. and its exhaust duct system shall (a) except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), be constructed of noncombustible materials compatible with and chemically resistant to vapours being exhausted, (b) be provided with access doors to permit inspection and maintenance of the fan assembly and exhaust ducts, (c) be provided with instructions for its use and the operation of the ventilation system, and (d) be provided with means to control accidental spillage. (2) Combustible materials are permitted in systems described in Clause (1)(a) where (a) such materials are required by the corrosive or reactive properties of the dangerous goods being used, and (b) their flame-spread rating is not more than 25. (3) The flame-spread rating required in Sentence (2) is permitted to be greater than 25 if an automatic special fire suppression system conforming to an applicable standard set out in Article 2.1.3.5. is provided inside the power-ventilated enclosure and its exhaust duct system. Subsection 5.5.5. Dangerous Goods Maximum quantities 5.5.5.1. (1) The quantity of dangerous goods kept in a laboratory shall be minimized and shall not exceed the lesser of (a) the supply necessary for normal operation, or (b) when located in (i) a major occupancy that is classified as either an educational assembly occupancy or a business and personal services occupancy, 300 L of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, of which not more than 50 L shall be Class I liquids, or (ii) a major occupancy that is classified as a care, care and treatment or detention occupancy, the quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids permitted in Sentence 4.2.6.3.(1). (2) Quantities of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in excess of those permitted in Sentence (1) shall be stored in (a) cabinets conforming to Subsection 4.2.10. except that, in laboratories described in Clause (1)(b), the total quantity of flammable liquids and combustible liquids stored in such cabinets shall not exceed the quantity permitted for one cabinet, or (b) a room conforming to Subsection 4.2.9. (3) Quantities of dangerous goods other than flammable liquids and combustible liquids in excess of those permitted in Sentence (1) shall be stored outside of the laboratory in conformance with Part 3. Containers for flammable and combustible liquids 5.5.5.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (4), containers used for the storage or dispensing of flammable liquids or combustible liquids in a laboratory shall conform to Subsection 4.2.3. (2) Where Class I liquids are required to be kept in individual storage or dispensing containers having a capacity greater than 5 L in a laboratory, such containers shall (a) be safety containers conforming to ULC/ORD-C30, “Safety Containers”, and (b) have a capacity of not more than 25 L. (3) Containers used for the preservation of animal, human or plant specimens that contain flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall (a) be properly sized for the specimens, (b) be stored in a room conforming to Subsection 4.2.9., and (c) be protected against breakage and spillage. (4) Containers of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be kept closed when not in use. Compressed gases 5.5.5.3. (1) Cylinders of dangerous goods classified as compressed gases shall not be located in laboratories unless (a) they are in use and connected (i) to a regulator to deliver gas, or (ii) to a manifold being used to deliver gas, or (b) one is serving as a single reserve cylinder for a cylinder described in Subclause (a)(i) to which it is firmly secured with a noncombustible attachment. (2) Storage cylinders and piping systems for dangerous goods classified as compressed gases used in a laboratory shall be firmly secured with a noncombustible attachment and protected against mechanical damage. (3) Each point of supply and each point of use of cylinders or piping systems for dangerous goods classified as compressed gases shall be provided with (a) a label identifying the gas being supplied, and (b) a manual shut-off valve. (4) Valves on cylinders for dangerous goods classified as compressed gases shall be closed when not in use. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (7), where cylinders of dangerous goods classified as toxic gases are used in a laboratory (a) they shall be located in a continuously mechanically ventilated gas storage cabinet, (b) all exhaust shall be directed to a treatment system designed to process the accidental release of gas, and (c) the gas levels in the air shall be monitored by a gas detection system designed to emit an audible and visual signal within the laboratory and at a central station when gas levels exceed the exposure limit values established by provincial or territorial regulations or municipal by-laws or, in the absence of such regulations or bylaws, when they exceed the exposure limit values stated in the Safety Data Sheet. (6) Except as permitted in Sentence (7), cylinders of dangerous goods classified as compressed gases of pyrophoric materials shall be located in a gas storage cabinet that is (a) continuously mechanically ventilated, and (b) sprinklered. (7) Where lecture bottles of dangerous goods classified as toxic gases or as compressed gases of pyrophoric materials are used in a laboratory (a) they shall be kept in a dedicated continuously mechanically ventilated hood or other continuously mechanically ventilated enclosure, and (b) all exhaust shall be directed to a treatment system designed to process the accidental release of gas. Refrigerated storage 5.5.5.4. (1) Refrigerators described in Sentence 4.1.4.1.(2) shall be identified in conformance with Article 3.2.7.14. (2) Class I liquids that are stored in refrigerators shall be kept in closed containers. Dangerously reactive materials 5.5.5.5. (1) Except as provided in Article 5.5.5.6., the heating of dangerously reactive materials above normal ambient temperature or as specified in the Safety Data Sheet shall be carried out in a separate power-ventilated enclosure (a) conforming to Articles 5.5.4.2. to 5.5.4.4., and (b) displaying conspicuously posted instructions specifying that the enclosure is to be used for this application only. (2) The power-ventilated enclosure required by Sentence (1) as well as its exhaust duct system shall be washed after each use to prevent the possible accumulation of highly reactive or unstable deposits. Perchloric acid 5.5.5.6. (1) Where perchloric acid is heated above normal ambient temperature, it shall be done in a separate power-ventilated enclosure (a) conforming to Articles 5.5.4.3. and 5.5.4.4., and (b) displaying conspicuously posted instructions specifying that the enclosure is to be used for this application only. (2) The power-ventilated enclosure required by Sentence (1) as well as its exhaust duct system shall be washed after each use to prevent the accumulation of highly unstable deposits. (3) Perchloric acid shall not be heated with an open flame or in a hot oil bath. Chemical wastes 5.5.5.7. (1) Wastes from dangerous goods shall be (a) identified to prevent accidental mixing of incompatible chemicals, and (b) included in the quantities specified in Article 5.5.5.1. Subsection 5.5.6. Existing Laboratories Ventilation systems 5.5.6.1. A ventilation system in a laboratory that is installed and currently in use, that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continues to meet those requirements is deemed to comply with Articles 5.5.4.1., 5.5.4.2., 5.5.4.3. and 5.5.4.4. Laboratories in basements 5.5.6.2. Laboratories in basements storing, handling or using flammable liquids or combustible liquids that existed and met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2025, as it read at the time, and that continue to meet those requirements may continue to store, handle or use flammable liquids or combustible liquids in accordance with those requirements. SECTION 5.6 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS Subsection 5.6.1. General Alternative protection measures 5.6.1.1. (1) A requirement of this Section is deemed to be complied with if alternative protection measures are approved that, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, will provide protection for life safety and health similar to the protection provided by compliance with the requirement. (2) A proposal for alternative protection measures referred to in Sentence (1) shall bear the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer or Architect, or both. (3) This Section does not apply to facilities at which compressed gases are manufactured or cylinders are filled or distributed if the storage and handling of the compressed gases is in conformance with (a) CGA P-1, “Standard for Safe Handling of Compressed Gases in Containers”, (b) NFPA 55, “Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code”, or (c) a procedure that bears the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer. (4) Articles 5.6.2.1. to 5.6.2.4. do not apply to compressed gas stored outdoors or in a fire compartment if the amount stored in each outdoor location or fire compartment does not exceed (a) 25 kg of flammable compressed gas, or (b) 150 kg of non-flammable compressed gas. (5) Despite Sentence (4), Articles 5.6.2.1. to 5.6.2.4. apply to any amount of poisonous or corrosive compressed gas. (6) Subject to Sentence (7), fire compartments referred to in Sentence (4) shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (7) Existing fire compartments that are approved may have a fire-resistance rating less than 45 min. (8) Compressed gas stored in accordance with NFPA 55, “Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code”, is deemed to comply with Subsection 5.6.2. Protection against mechanical damage 5.6.1.2. (1) Cylinders containing compressed gas shall be protected against mechanical damage. (2) Cylinders containing compressed gas shall be stored to hold them securely in place (a) on racks, (b) by nesting, or (c) by approved methods or devices. Acetylene cylinders 5.6.1.3. Except when being transported, acetylene cylinders shall be kept in an upright position. Valve damage 5.6.1.4. Cylinders containing compressed gas which are in storage shall be protected against valve damage. Temperature limitations 5.6.1.5. Cylinders containing compressed gas shall be stored in areas where the ambient air temperature does not exceed 52°C. Indoor storage 5.6.1.6. If cylinders containing compressed gas are stored indoors, the cylinders shall be stored in a storage area or room that is dry and ventilated. Oxygen cylinders 5.6.1.7. Oil or grease shall not be used for the lubrication of valves or fittings on oxygen cylinders. Subsection 5.6.2. Storage Outdoor storage of cylinders 5.6.2.1. (1) Cylinders containing compressed gases stored outdoors shall be (a) supported on raised concrete or other noncombustible platforms, (b) located in an enclosure used for the sole purpose of such storage, and (c) surrounded by a fence in conformance with Sentence 5.6.2.2.(1). (2) Where a canopy is provided to protect outdoor storage in Sentence (1), the canopy shall be of noncombustible construction. Fencing 5.6.2.2. (1) Fencing required in Article 5.6.2.1. shall be (a) firmly anchored and substantially constructed, (b) designed to discourage climbing, (c) not less than 1.8 m high, (d) provided with gates that shall be locked when the storage area is not staffed, and (e) kept clear of obstructions so that gates may be fully opened at all times. (2) An outdoor storage area that exceeds 100 m2 and is used for storage of cylinders containing compressed gas shall be arranged such that there is a clear space of not less than (a) 30 m between stored products and brush or forested areas, and (b) 6 m between stored products and uncontrolled grass or weeds. Clearances from building openings 5.6.2.3. (1) Cylinders containing compressed gas and located outdoors shall be (a) at least 1.5 m from any building opening if the aggregate capacity of expanded gas is not more than 170 m3, (b) at least 7.5 m from any building opening if the aggregate capacity of expanded gas is over 170 m3 but not more than 500 m3, or (c) at least 15 m from any building opening if the aggregate capacity of expanded gas is over 500 m3. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply if the building opening is into a room that conforms to Sentence 5.6.2.4.(1). Indoor storage of flammable compressed gases 5.6.2.4. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3) and (5), cylinders containing flammable compressed gas stored indoors shall be located in a room that (a) is separated from the remainder of the building by a gas-tight fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h, (b) is located on an exterior wall of the building, (c) can be entered from the exterior, (d) has all closures that lead into the interior of the building (i) equipped with self-closing devices in such a manner that the closures are kept closed when not in use, and (ii) constructed so as to prevent migration of gases from the room into other parts of the building, (e) is constructed so that an exterior wall provides explosion venting (i) in the ratio of 0.2 m2 for each cubic metre of room volume, or (ii) in the ratio computed in accordance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”, except in no case less than 650 cm2 of vent area for each cubic metre of room volume, (f) has ventilation that complies with Sentence (4), (g) does not contain fuel-fired equipment or high temperature heating elements, and (h) is used for no purpose other than the storage of compressed gas. (2) Cylinders of flammable, lighter than air compressed gas are permitted to be stored outside of a room described in Sentence (1) provided that the aggregate capacity per fire compartment of expanded gas outside of the room is not more than, (a) 60 m3 in a building of combustible construction that is not sprinklered, and (b) 170 m3 in a sprinklered building or in a building of noncombustible construction. (3) Cylinders of flammable compressed gas which are heavier than air may be stored in rooms other than those described in Sentence (1) if they are stored in a fire compartment having a fire-resistance rating of at least 45 min and (a) the aggregate capacity does not exceed 100 kg, (b) the number of cylinders does not exceed three, (c) the cylinders are not located in the basement or other areas below grade, and (d) the fire compartment has ventilation conforming to Sentence (4). (4) The ventilation required by Clauses (1)(f) and (3)(d) shall be (a) mechanical ventilation to the outside that ensures at least one air change per hour, or (b) natural ventilation to the outside through non-closeable louvred openings with (i) at least one opening no more than 0.3 m from the ceiling and one opening no more than 0.3 m from the floor, (ii) all openings at ceiling level having an aggregate free opening area of at least 0.2 m2 per 100 m2 of the floor area, (iii) all openings at floor level having an aggregate free opening area of at least 0.2 m2 per 100 m2 of the floor area, and (iv) the openings located to ensure cross ventilation. (5) “Single trip” non-refillable cylinders with water capacities of more than 375 g and less than 1.13 kg located within mercantile occupancies shall conform to the provisions stipulated in Ontario Regulation 211/01 (Propane Storage and Handling) made under the Technical Standards and Safety Act, 2000. 5.6.2.5. RESERVED Poisonous compressed gas 5.6.2.6. Cylinders containing poisonous compressed gas shall not be stored in a room containing combustible or flammable material. Reactive gases 5.6.2.7. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), cylinders containing compressed gases that may react with one another shall be stored in separate fire compartments having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Cylinders containing compressed gases that are lighter than air and that may react with each other may be stored in the same fire compartment if they are separated (a) by a distance of at least 7.5 m, or (b) by a concrete or masonry wall having a height of at least 2.0 m and projecting at least 1.0 m beyond the cylinders. (3) Cylinders containing compressed gases that may react with each other and are heavier than air may be stored in the same fire compartment if they are separated (a) by a distance of at least 15 m, or (b) by a concrete or masonry wall having a height of at least 1.5 m, and projecting such that the minimum distance that vapour can travel between two cylinders of gases that may react with each other is not less than 15 m, measured horizontally. Signs 5.6.2.8. Storage rooms shall have exterior signs with minimum 50 mm high letters indicating the nature of the compressed gases. SECTION 5.7 REserved SECTION 5.8 reserved SECTION 5.9 reserved SECTION 5.10 RESERVED SECTION 5.11 HOT SURFACE APPLICATIONS Subsection 5.11.1. Application Application 5.11.1.1. This Section applies to hot surface applications, in or on buildings, that use open flame torches, bitumen kettles or other heat-producing devices. Subsection 5.11.2. General Exposed combustible materials 5.11.2.1. (1) If there is a possibility of sparks, flames or heat igniting combustible materials as a result of hot surface applications (a) combustibles within 5 m of the hot surface application shall be protected against ignition, and (b) openings in roofs, parapets or other building structures within 5 m of hot surface applications shall be covered or closed to prevent the passage of sparks or flames to adjacent areas. (2) If it is not possible to cover or close openings described in Clause (1)(b), combustibles in the area exposed by the opening shall be protected against ignition. Open flame torches 5.11.2.2. (1) An open flame torch shall only be applied to materials intended for hot surface applications and shall not directly expose (a) combustible materials, such as wood roof decks, cant strips, insulation and flashing, (b) voids, holes and skylights in the roof or roof deck, or (c) gas lines and electrical cables. Bitumen kettles 5.11.2.3. (1) Bitumen kettles shall (a) not be located in a building or on a roof of a building, (b) not be located in a fire access route, (c) not be located within 3 m of a building exit or means of egress, (d) be provided with metal lids that are close-fitting and constructed of steel having a thickness of not less than No. 14 sheet metal gauge (2 mm), (e) be maintained free of excessive residue, and (f) when in operation (i) be level, with most of the weight off the tires and legs, (ii) not be heated above 260ºC, (iii) be kept clear of combustible debris or materials, and (iv) be under constant supervision by a person who is knowledgeable of operations and hazards and trained in the use of portable extinguishers. (2) Despite Sentence (1), bitumen kettles may be located on concrete roofs if roof openings within 15 m are diked to prevent spilled asphalt run-off. 5.11.2.4. (1) After each daily use, mops that have been used for spreading bitumen shall be kept in a safe location (a) at least 3 m away from buildings, and (b) isolated from other combustibles. Firewatch 5.11.2.5. (1) A firewatch shall be provided whenever an open flame torch or other ignition source is used for hot surface applications in or on a building and shall include (a) any area where combustible materials used in building construction or contents are located within 5 m of persons using an open flame torch or other ignition source, (b) any area of the building exposed as a result of unprotected roof or wall openings located within 5 m of persons using an open flame torch or other ignition source, and (c) any area where combustibles on the underside of roofs or the opposite side of walls might be ignited as a result of persons using an open flame torch or other ignition source. (2) If a firewatch is required, the areas shall be toured by firewatch personnel at least once each hour. (3) Facilities shall be provided to enable the firewatch personnel to (a) ensure that a fire warning is sounded to notify occupants, and (b) communicate with the fire department. (4) The firewatch personnel shall be equipped with portable illumination and protective equipment. (5) A firewatch shall be conducted from the beginning of a hot surface application until (a) at least 3 hours after the application ceases, or (b) at least 2 hours after the application ceases if a hand-held thermal imaging camera is used to assist in detecting hidden hot spots. Portable extinguishers 5.11.2.6. (1) Portable extinguishers with a minimum rating of 4A:40B:C shall be (a) located within 6 m of persons using an open flame torch or other ignition source, and (b) readily available to all other persons in the area of hot surface applications and firewatch personnel. (2) Portable extinguishers with a minimum rating of 4A:40B:C shall be located no further than 7.6 m and no closer than 1.5 m from a bitumen kettle. SECTION 5.12 SPRAY APPLICATIONS USING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS Subsection 5.12.1. Application and Separation Application 5.12.1.1. (1) This Section applies to spray operations involving the use of flammable liquids, combustible liquids or combustible dry powders. (2) Despite Sentence (1), this Section does not apply to spray operations that comply with Articles 5.1.3.1. and 5.12.1.2. and the design, operation and maintenance requirements in NFPA 33, “Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials”. Separation for spray operations 5.12.1.2. If a spray operation is a major occupancy in a building, the spray operation shall be separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with Article 3.1.3.1. of Division B of the Building Code. Subsection 5.12.2. Construction General 5.12.2.1. (1) Spray booths and spray rooms shall have walls and ceilings that consist of steel frames covered with sheet steel having a minimum thickness of 1.14 mm or be of equivalent noncombustible construction. (2) Walls and ceilings of spray rooms that are susceptible to paint residue accumulations and interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth and continuous. (3) Floors of spray booths and spray rooms and the operator’s working area shall be of noncombustible materials. Baffle plates 5.12.2.2. (1) Spray booth baffle plates shall be of noncombustible material and be removable or arranged to facilitate cleaning. (2) Spray booth baffle plates shall not be located in exhaust ducts. Overspray collection 5.12.2.3. (1) Spray booths and spray rooms shall be provided with overspray collection, such as filters or water wash, to prevent the build-up of combustible deposits on the exhaust fan and ductwork. (2) Where filters are used as for overspray collection, supports and holders for the filters shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. (3) Overspray collection filters shall be readily removable or accessible for cleaning or replacement. (4) Filters shall not be alternately used for different types of coating materials if the combination of materials might result in spontaneous heating or ignition. (5) Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that overspray collection filters are replaced before excessive restriction to airflow occurs. (6) Overspray collectors shall be inspected after each period of use and clogged filters shall be discarded and replaced. (7) A water-wash filtration system shall be used when applying materials known to be highly susceptible to spontaneous heating or spontaneous ignition. Fan blades and casings 5.12.2.4. Fan blades and casings in exhaust blowers for spray booths and spray rooms shall be non‑ferrous, or the fan shall be constructed so that a movement of the wheel or shaft will not cause two ferrous parts of the fan to rub or strike together. Subsection 5.12.3. Ventilation Ventilation 5.12.3.1. (1) Ventilation shall be provided in all spraying areas to maintain (a) the concentration of flammable vapours at or below 25% of their lower explosive limit, and (b) the concentration of combustible dusts at or below 50% of their minimum explosible concentration or 15g/m3 when the minimum explosible concentration cannot be established. Exhaust for spray booths 5.12.3.2. Subject to Article 5.12.3.3., the exhaust air velocity at any opening in a spray booth shall be at least 30 m/min. Exhaust for electrostatic spraying 5.12.3.3. Electrostatic spraying shall have an exhaust air velocity of at least 18 m/min at any opening in a spray booth. Combined ducting 5.12.3.4. A separate exhaust duct shall be provided for each spray booth, except that a common duct may be used if it serves spray booths having a combined open frontal area of not more than 1.8 m2. Exhaust air 5.12.3.5. Air exhausted from spray operations shall not be recirculated, except where recirculation is acceptable, as described in NFPA 33, “Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials”. Monitoring air velocity 5.12.3.6. (1) Gauges or alarms that indicate when the air velocity is less than the air velocity required by Article 5.12.3.2. or 5.12.3.3. shall be installed for spray booths. (2) When the gauge or alarm indicates that the air velocity is less than that required by Article 5.12.3.2. or 5.12.3.3., immediate corrective action shall be taken to remedy the condition that has resulted in the reduction of the ventilation. Subsection 5.12.4. Exhaust Ducts Duct support and construction 5.12.4.1. Exhaust ducts for spray booths and spray rooms shall be securely supported and constructed of sheet steel in accordance with Table 5.12.4.A. TABLE 5.12.4.A. Forming Part of Article 5.12.4.1. Maximum Dimension of Duct Minimum Thickness of Sheet Steel, mm Up to 200 mm incl. 0.56 Over 200 mm to 450 mm incl. 0.69 Over 450 mm to 750 mm incl. 0.86 Over 750 mm 1.14 Clearances 5.12.4.2. Subject to Article 5.12.4.3., a clearance of 457 mm shall be maintained between unprotected combustible materials and ducts venting spray booths and spray rooms. Collars 5.12.4.3. (1) Where exhaust ducts pass through combustible roofs or partitions, metal collars shall provide not less than a 100 mm clearance between the duct and combustible material. (2) The space between the duct and combustible material shall be sealed with noncombustible insulating material. Access doors 5.12.4.4. Exhaust ducts for spray booths and spray rooms shall be provided with access doors for cleaning purposes. Exhaust outlet locations 5.12.4.5. (1) Except for water-wash filtration systems, the exhaust outlet to atmosphere from spray booths and spray rooms shall (a) be 1.8 m from any combustible exterior wall or roof, and (b) be located so that the air does not discharge toward any combustible surface or unprotected opening within 7.5 m. Subsection 5.12.5. Electrical Equipment Electrical equipment 5.12.5.1. Electrical equipment within the spraying area, including lighting fixtures, shall conform to Part 1, Sections 18 and 20 of the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. Motors for exhaust fans 5.12.5.2. Electric motors for exhaust fans shall not be placed inside spray booths, spray rooms or ducts. Grounding 5.12.5.3. Metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall be electrically grounded. Subsection 5.12.6. Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids Storage and handling 5.12.6.1. Flammable liquids and combustible liquids for use in spraying areas shall be stored and handled in conformance with Part 4, and at no time shall the amount of flammable liquids and combustible liquids in the spraying areas exceed one day’s supply. Paint storage 5.12.6.2. Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be kept in closed containers when not in use. Thinners and solvents 5.12.6.3. Thinners and solvents shall be dispensed only from listed and labelled safety cans. Pump discharge relief valves 5.12.6.4. Where flammable liquids are supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, the pump discharge line shall be provided with a suitable relief valve discharging to the pump suction or to a safe remote location. Subsection 5.12.7. Control of Fire Hazards Interlocks 5.12.7.1. (1) The spraying equipment for spray booths and spray rooms shall be interlocked to shut down in the event of (a) a failure of the ventilation system, (b) a failure of the circulating water pump of a water-wash filtration system, or (c) a failure of the filter roll-down mechanism of an overspray collection system. Cleaning and residue disposal 5.12.7.2. (1) The inner surfaces of spray booths and spray rooms shall be cleaned of combustible residue as often as necessary to prevent a fire hazard. (2) Combustible residue from cleaning operations shall, on the same day as the cleaning operations, be removed from the premises or placed in receptacles conforming to Sentence 2.4.1.3.(3). (3) Strippable coatings or removable combustible coverings, such as thin paper and static dissipative plastic sheets, may be used on walls and floors in spray booths and spray rooms to facilitate cleaning operations. Filter pads and rolls 5.12.7.3. Discarded filter pads and filter rolls shall be removed to a safe location or placed in a water-filled metal container and disposed of after each day’s operation. 5.12.7.4. RESERVED Heating equipment 5.12.7.5. Space-heating appliances, steam pipes and other hot surfaces shall not be located in an area subject to accumulation of deposits of combustible residue from spray operations. Ignition sources 5.12.7.6. Open flame or spark producing devices shall not be used within a spraying area, unless separated from the area by a vapour-tight fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. Subsection 5.12.8. Fire Protection Equipment Portable extinguishers 5.12.8.1. Portable extinguishers shall be installed near spraying areas in conformance with Section 6.2. Sprinkler installations 5.12.8.2. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided in each spraying area, spray booth and spray room in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. (2) Where spraying operations are confined within a spray booth, fire protection may be provided for the spray booth only, in conformance with NFPA 33, “Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials”. (3) This Article does not apply where the existing situation is approved and does not endanger life safety, or approved alternative measures to the requirements set out in this Article are taken to provide life safety. Sprinkler head protection 5.12.8.3. (1) Sprinkler heads in spray booths and spray rooms shall be protected with lightweight paper bags or cellophane bags having a thickness of not more than 0.08 mm. (2) Bags protecting sprinkler heads shall be replaced before they have accumulated deposits that impair the timely operation of the sprinkler head. Subsection 5.12.9. Drying Operations Spray booths used for drying 5.12.9.1. Except as permitted in Article 5.12.9.4., spray booths, spray rooms or other enclosures used for spraying operations shall not be used for drying by any arrangement that could cause an increase in the surface temperatures of the spray booths, spray rooms or other enclosures. Location of equipment 5.12.9.2. Except as provided in Articles 5.12.9.3. and 5.12.9.4., drying or curing equipment that utilizes components capable of producing ignition, such as an open flame, a spark, or a hot surface, shall not be installed in or near a spraying area. Location near spraying area 5.12.9.3. (1) Equipment described in Article 5.12.9.2. may be installed in an area adjacent to the spraying area provided the adjacent area is equipped with a ventilating system arranged to (a) purge the drying space before the heating system can be started, (b) maintain the atmosphere at any source of ignition at or below 25% of the lower explosive limit of any combustible or flammable materials in use, and (c) automatically shut down the heating system in the event of failure of the ventilating system. Spray booths used for drying 5.12.9.4.

(1) Spray booths may be used for drying operations where (a) the spray booth conforms to the appropriate requirements for drying ovens in Section 5.18, (b) the interior of the enclosure is kept reasonably free of overspray deposits, (c) portable drying apparatus, if used, is of the infrared type, and such apparatus, wiring and connections are removed from the enclosure during spraying operations, and (d) interlocks are installed to (i) prevent the use of spraying apparatus while the drying operation is taking place, (ii) provide for the purging of the enclosure of spray vapours for a minimum of 3 min before the drying apparatus can be energized, (iii) ensure that the ventilating system maintains the concentration of flammable vapours at or below 25% of the lower explosive limit within the enclosure during the drying process, and (iv) ensure that the drying apparatus will automatically shut off in the event of failure of the ventilating system. Subsection 5.12.10. Electrostatic Spraying Application 5.12.10.1. This Subsection applies to electrostatic spray-coating processes involving the use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids. Equipment location 5.12.10.2. (1) Electrical components, including transformers, power packs and control equipment for electrostatic spray applications, shall be located in an area where the vapour concentration of flammable liquids or combustible liquids cannot exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to high voltage grids and their connections. Interlocks 5.12.10.3. (1) Electrostatic spraying equipment shall be provided with automatic controls that will operate without a time delay to disconnect power to high voltage transformers and to signal the operator of the equipment if (a) the air supply system, the ventilating fan or the conveyor system stops, (b) a ground occurs at any point on the high voltage system, or (c) any clearances are reduced below those required by Article 5.12.10.5. Insulators 5.12.10.4. Insulators shall be kept clean and dry. Clearances 5.12.10.5. A clearance space that is equivalent to twice the sparking distance shall be maintained between the articles being painted and any electrodes or conductors. Drip plates and screens 5.12.10.6. Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable for cleaning. Insulating and grounding 5.12.10.7. High voltage components, including atomizing heads, shall be insulated and protected against mechanical damage and accidental contact or grounding. Automatic grounding 5.12.10.8. An automatic means shall be provided for grounding the electrode system when it is de-energized. Operating distances 5.12.10.9. Items being electrostatically sprayed shall be neither held by hand nor suspended in such a manner as to reduce the proper operating distance from the atomizing heads. Distance to processing areas 5.12.10.10. Electrostatic spraying equipment shall be located 1.5 m from processing equipment and isolated from other areas by grounded guards and fences of conducting material. Surface temperatures 5.12.10.11. The surface temperature of equipment in a spraying area shall not exceed 66°C. Precautions against shock 5.12.10.12. High voltage circuits shall be designed so that any discharge will not ignite vapour-air mixtures or create a shock hazard. Spray gun energy supply 5.12.10.13. The energy supply to hand-held spray guns shall be controlled by a switch that also controls the coating material supply. Spray gun operation 5.12.10.14. Spray gun handles shall be grounded and have a metallic connection that is in direct contact with the operator’s hand during spraying. Grounding 5.12.10.15. All electrically conductive objects in a spraying area shall be grounded. Paint accumulations 5.12.10.16. Hooks and other supports for sprayed items shall be kept clean and free of paint. Warning signs 5.12.10.17. (1) Signs shall be conspicuously posted near a spraying area that (a) indicate the minimum clearance space required by Article 5.12.10.5., (b) indicate the need for grounding of all electrically conductive objects in the spraying area, and (c) contain the phrase “DANGER - Electrostatic Spray Coating Area”, or otherwise identify the spraying area as dangerous. Fixed extinguishing equipment 5.12.10.18. Spraying areas shall be located in rooms protected by listed and labelled automatic fixed extinguishing equipment. Subsection 5.12.11. Dry Powder-Coating Using Spray Guns Application and location 5.12.11.1. (1) This Subsection applies to coating operations involving the use of combustible dry powders applied by powder spray guns or electrostatic powder spray guns. (2) Coating operations referred to in Sentence (1) shall be performed in (a) ventilated and enclosed powder-coating rooms of noncombustible construction, or (b) spray booths. Location of electrical equipment 5.12.11.2. With the exception of charging electrodes and their connections, transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electrical components shall be located outside the powder-coating area. Working temperatures 5.12.11.3. If a part to be coated is preheated prior to the application of the powder, the temperature of the part shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder being used. Grounding 5.12.11.4. (1) Powder transport, application and recovery equipment shall be grounded. (2) A sign shall be conspicuously posted indicating the necessity of grounding the equipment and objects identified in Sentence (1). Separators 5.12.11.5. Separators shall be used to prevent tramp iron or other spark-producing materials from being introduced into the powders being applied. Recovery systems 5.12.11.6. Waste air-suspended powders shall be removed by exhaust ducts to a powder recovery system and shall not be released to the outside atmosphere. Vacuum cleaning 5.12.11.7. Accumulations of waste dust from dry powder finishes shall be removed by vacuum cleaning equipment. Contact points 5.12.11.8. Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the conveyor or other support. Hangers 5.12.11.9. Hangers for objects being coated shall be kept clean and have sharp points or edges at areas of contact. Smoking prohibited 5.12.11.10. (1) Smoking shall not take place in powder-coating areas and in powder storage rooms. (2) Signs prohibiting smoking that meet the requirements of Article 2.4.3.2. shall be conspicuously posted in all powder-coating areas and powder storage rooms. SECTION 5.13 DIP TANKS Subsection 5.13.1. Location Room design 5.13.1.1. (1) If a dip tank operation involves flammable liquids or combustible liquids and the quantity of liquids exceeds 45 L or the liquid surface area exceeds 0.42 m2, the operation shall be (a) conducted in a room designed for that purpose, and (b) separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. Prohibition for basements 5.13.1.2. Dip tanks shall not be located in basements. Subsection 5.13.2. Construction Floors 5.13.2.1. The floor of any room where dip tanks are located shall be made liquid-tight with material that is impervious to the liquid in the tank, have permanent curbs and be drained to a place of safe discharge. Materials 5.13.2.2. (1) Dip tanks and drain boards shall be constructed of noncombustible material with steel, reinforced concrete or masonry supports. (2) Drain boards shall be arranged to drain back to the dip tank. Height above floor 5.13.2.3. The top of a dip tank shall not be less than 150 mm above the floor of the room in which it is located. Cover construction 5.13.2.4. Dip tank covers as required in Articles 5.13.6.2. and 5.13.6.3. shall be of noncombustible materials. Cover design 5.13.2.5. Dip tank covers shall overlap the sides of the tank by 25 mm and shall have a recess or flange extending down around the tank. Cover maintenance 5.13.2.6. Dip tank covers shall be maintained in good operating condition. Subsection 5.13.3. Overflow and Drain Pipes Liquid levels 5.13.3.1. The liquid level in a dip tank shall be kept not less than 150 mm below the top of the tank. Overflow pipes 5.13.3.2. Dip tanks having a capacity in excess of 550 L or having a liquid surface area in excess of 1 m2 shall be equipped with a properly trapped overflow pipe that leads to a safe location outside the building or to a closed, vented salvage tank conforming to Subsection 5.13.4. Location of overflow 5.13.3.3. The centre line of the overflow connection to a dip tank shall be 150 mm below the top of the tank. Overflow size 5.13.3.4. Overflow pipe sizes for dip tanks shall conform to Table 5.13.3.A. TABLE 5.13.3.A. Forming Part of Article 5.13.3.4. Size of Tank, L Overflow Pipe Size Required, mm 0 - 46 50 47 - 160 65 161 - 350 75 351 - 700 100 701 - 1025 125 1026 - 1500 150 1501 and over 200 Overflow connection 5.13.3.5. Overflow pipes shall be connected to dip tanks by a flared outlet. Piping connections 5.13.3.6. Piping connections for drains and overflow lines shall be designed so as to allow for easy access to their interiors for cleaning purposes. Bottom drains 5.13.3.7. Dip tanks of over 2300 L liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains capable of being operated both automatically and manually to drain the tank quickly in the event of fire. Salvage tank 5.13.3.8. Bottom drains from dip tanks shall be trapped and shall discharge to a closed, vented salvage tank. Drain size 5.13.3.9. Bottom drain sizes for dip tanks shall conform to Table 5.13.3.B. TABLE 5.13.3.B. Forming Part of Article 5.13.3.9. Capacity of Dip Tank, L Diameter of Bottom Drain Pipe, mm 2300 - 3425 75 3426 - 4550 100 4551 - 11500 125 11501 - 18250 150 18251 and over 200 Manual operation of bottom drains 5.13.3.10. Manual operation of bottom drains shall be from an accessible location not affected by a fire in or around the dip tank. Automatic pumps 5.13.3.11. Where gravity flow is not practical, automatic pumps shall be installed on drain lines from dip tanks. Pump for salvage tank 5.13.3.12. Where salvage tanks are used, pumping arrangements shall be provided for the transfer of their contents for disposal. Subsection 5.13.4. Salvage Tanks Use 5.13.4.1. Salvage tanks shall be used only for temporary storage purposes. Capacity 5.13.4.2. The capacity of a salvage tank shall be 20% greater than the capacity of the dip tank or tanks to which it is connected. Location 5.13.4.3. Salvage tanks shall be located underground outside the building, or inside a building in an enclosure separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 h. Vent pipes 5.13.4.4. Salvage tanks shall be provided with vent pipes that meet the requirements of Subsection 4.3.5. for aboveground storage tanks or Subsection 4.3.10. for underground storage tanks. Subsection 5.13.5. Control of Fire Hazards Ventilation 5.13.5.1. Ventilation shall be provided to confine all flammable vapour concentrations exceeding 25% of the lower explosive limit to within 600 mm of the dip tank, drain board and freshly coated work. Interlock for dipping conveyor 5.13.5.2. Ventilating systems shall be arranged so that the failure of any ventilation fan as sensed by air flow will automatically stop the dipping conveyor systems and sound an alarm. Interlock for heating 5.13.5.3. The heating system used in drying operations shall be interlocked so that it cannot be started until the associated ventilation system is in operation. Conveyor systems 5.13.5.4. Conveyor systems utilized in conjunction with dip tanks shall be designed to stop automatically with the actuation of an automatic fixed extinguishing system or a manual fire alarm. Purging interlocks 5.13.5.5. Where there is a possible source of ignition in a drying operation, interlocks shall be installed to provide for purging before the heating system can be started and for automatic shutdown if the ventilation system should fail. Electrical installations 5.13.5.6. Where flammable liquids and combustible liquids contained in dip tanks are heated or have a flash point below 43°C, the electrical installation shall conform to the Electrical Safety Code made under the Electricity Act, 1998. Flammable and combustible liquids 5.13.5.7. (1) The storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be in conformance with Part 4. (2) The total number of containers for flammable liquids and combustible liquids in a dip tank area shall not exceed that required for one day’s operations. Smoking and ignition sources prohibited 5.13.5.8. Smoking shall not take place and open flames, spark-producing devices and heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapours shall not be used in the vapour area of a dip tank. Signs prohibiting smoking 5.13.5.9. Signs that prohibit smoking and that conform to Article 2.4.3.2. shall be posted conspicuously in the vicinity of dip tanks. Subsection 5.13.6. Fire Protection Automatic sprinklers 5.13.6.1. Dip tanks shall be located only in rooms protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in conformance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. Tank covers and extinguishing systems 5.13.6.2. (1) Dip tanks with over 550 L capacity or with over 1 m2 liquid surface area shall be protected by (a) a cover actuated by a device that (i) automatically closes the cover in the event of a fire, and (ii) permits manual operation of the cover, or (b) an approved automatic extinguishing system of a water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical type. Flammable liquids or combustible liquids 5.13.6.3. Dip tanks containing either a flammable liquid or combustible liquid with a flash point less than 43°C or a heated combustible liquid giving off flammable vapours shall conform to Article 5.13.6.2. when the capacity exceeds 45 L or when the liquid surface area exceeds 0.4 m2. Portable extinguishers 5.13.6.4. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with portable extinguishers in conformance with Section 6.2. SECTION 5.14 SPECIAL PROCESSES INVOLVING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE materials Subsection 5.14.1. Quench Tanks Location 5.14.1.1. (1) Quench tanks shall be located as far as practical from annealing, hardening and tempering furnaces. (2) Quench tanks shall not be located on or near combustible floors. Hoods and vents 5.14.1.2. Quench tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent exhausting to the outside to prevent the accumulation and condensation of vapours from the process. Vent design 5.14.1.3. Vents for quench tanks shall conform to the requirements for flue pipes in Section 2.6. High temperature limit switches 5.14.1.4. (1) A high temperature limit switch shall be provided to sound an alarm, shut off heat and stop conveyors when a flammable liquid or combustible liquid reaches 28°C below its flash point in a quench tank. (2) The temperature-sensing element for the high temperature limit switch in Sentence (1) shall be located close to the surface of the liquid and be protected from damage. Electrical installations 5.14.1.5. Electrical installations conforming to the requirements for dip tanks in Article 5.13.5.6. shall be provided for quench tanks of over 1900 L capacity whose liquid surface area exceeds 2.5 m2. Air pressure 5.14.1.6. Air under pressure shall not be used to fill or agitate oil in quench tanks. Working temperatures 5.14.1.7. A quench tank shall be designed so that the maximum workload is incapable of raising the working temperature of the cooling medium to within 28°C of its flash point. Subsection 5.14.2. Flow-Coating Operations Application 5.14.2.1. (1) This Subsection applies to flow-coating operations using flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) The requirements in Section 5.13 for dip tanks shall also apply to flow-coating operations described in Sentence (1). (3) The sump area and any area on which coating liquid flows shall be considered as the dip tank area. Supply 5.14.2.2. (1) Flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be supplied by (a) direct low pressure pumping arranged to shut down automatically by means of listed and labelled devices in the event of fire, or (b) a gravity tank not exceeding 45 L in capacity. Subsection 5.14.3. Roll Coating Processes Application 5.14.3.1. (1) This Subsection applies to roll-coating processes in which flammable liquids or combustible liquids are applied to products or materials by bringing them into contact with a roller that is coated with the coating liquid. (2) The requirements in Section 5.13 for dip tanks shall also apply to roll-coating processes described in Sentence (1). Grounding 5.14.3.2. (1) Rotating parts shall be grounded. (2) Static collectors shall be installed where the material being coated leaves each rotating part. Location 5.14.3.3. Operations involving materials that have been freshly coated with a liquid containing solvents having a flash point of less than 43°C shall be located in sprinklered rooms that are separated from other occupancies by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. Subsection 5.14.4. Electrostatic Detearing Processes Application 5.14.4.1. (1) This Subsection applies to electrostatic detearing processes involving the use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids. (2) Protective finishing systems are deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Subsection if they comply with Article 5.1.3.1. and the design, operation and maintenance requirements in NFPA 33, “Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials”. Equipment location 5.14.4.2. (1) Electrical components, including transformers, power packs and control equipment for the electrostatic removal of excess coating material (detearing), shall be located in an area where the vapour concentration of flammable liquids or combustible liquids cannot exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to high voltage grids and their connections. Interlocks 5.14.4.3. (1) Electrostatic detearing equipment shall be provided with automatic controls that will operate without a time delay to disconnect power to high voltage transformers and to signal the operator of the equipment if (a) the air supply system, the ventilating fan or the conveyor system stops, (b) a ground occurs at any point on the high voltage system, or (c) any clearances are reduced below those required by Article 5.14.4.5. Insulators 5.14.4.4. Insulators shall be kept clean and dry. Clearances 5.14.4.5. (1) A clearance space that is equivalent to twice the sparking distance shall be maintained between articles being deteared and electrodes or conductors. (2) A sign shall be conspicuously posted near the detearing area indicating the minimum clearance space required. Drip plates and screens 5.14.4.6. Drip plates and screens subject to paint deposits shall be removable for cleaning. Insulating and grounding 5.14.4.7. High voltage components shall be insulated and protected against mechanical damage and accidental contact or grounding. Automatic grounding 5.14.4.8. An automatic means shall be provided for grounding the electrode system when it is de-energized. Precautions against shock 5.14.4.9. High voltage circuits shall be designed so that any discharge will not ignite vapour-air mixtures or create a shock hazard. Subsection 5.14.5. Automobile Undercoating Spray operations 5.14.5.1. Automobile undercoating spray operations shall conform to the requirements of Section 5.12 or to the requirements in this Subsection. Undercoating materials 5.14.5.2. (1) Automobile undercoating materials shall have a flash point of not less than 37.8°C. (2) Where the flash point of an automobile undercoating is less than 60°C, it shall be applied in a work area where (a) there are no work pits, (b) there is a fan, that provides mechanical ventilation during the application, cleaning and drying cycles, (i) with nonferrous blades, or so constructed that a movement of the wheel or shaft will not permit two ferrous parts of the fan to rub or strike, and (ii) that ensures that the concentration of vapour does not exceed 25% of the lower explosive limit, (c) air movement from the air intake and exhaust system is along the length of the vehicle being undercoated, and (d) air is exhausted at a level approximately 1 m above the floor. Ignition sources 5.14.5.3. (1) Work stations in Article 5.14.5.2. shall have no source of ignition located within 6 m horizontally of the work area or in the area above it. (2) Signs prohibiting smoking that conform to Article 2.4.3.2. shall be posted at the outer limits of the work area. Electrical installations 5.14.5.4. Except for overhead lighting that is totally enclosed and sealed with gaskets, electrical wiring and equipment within the area of hazard described in Article 5.14.5.3. shall conform to Article 5.1.3.1. Storage and handling 5.14.5.5. The storage and handling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall be in conformance with Part 4. Portable extinguishers 5.14.5.6. Portable extinguishers shall be located so that there is one portable extinguisher having a 20B:C rating immediately accessible to each work station described in Article 5.14.5.2. Refuse disposal 5.14.5.7. All areas where automobile undercoating is used shall be kept clean of undercoating deposits and refuse, which shall be placed in covered metal receptacles. Subsection 5.14.6. Dry Powder-Coating Using Fluidized Beds Application and location 5.14.6.1. (1) This Subsection applies to coating operations involving the use of combustible dry powders applied by fluidized beds or electrostatic fluidized beds. (2) Coating operations referred to in Sentence (1) shall be performed in (a) ventilated and enclosed powder-coating rooms of noncombustible construction, or (b) ventilated and enclosed powder-coating enclosures of noncombustible construction. (3) Protective finishing systems are deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Subsection if they comply with Article 5.1.3.1. and the design, operation and maintenance requirements in NFPA 33, “Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials”. Location of electrical equipment 5.14.6.2. With the exception of charging electrodes and their connections, transformers, power packs, control apparatus and all other electrical components shall be located outside the powder-coating area. Working temperatures 5.14.6.3. (1) Where a part to be coated is preheated prior to the application of the powder, the temperature of the part shall not exceed the ignition temperature of the powder being used. (2) The surface temperature of electrostatic fluidized bed coating areas shall not exceed 66°C. Grounding 5.14.6.4. (1) Powder transport, application and recovery equipment shall be grounded. (2) Electrically conductive objects within the charging influence of the electrodes of electrostatic fluidized beds shall be grounded. (3) A sign shall be posted indicating the necessity of grounding equipment and objects identified in Sentences (1) and (2). Electrical discharges 5.14.6.5. High voltage circuits in electrostatic fluidized beds shall be designed so that any discharge produced when the charging electrodes of the bed are approached or contacted by a grounded object will not be of sufficient intensity to ignite any powder-air mixture likely to be encountered or result in any appreciable shock hazard. Handling of spark-producing materials 5.14.6.6. Means shall be provided to prevent tramp iron or other spark-producing materials from being introduced into the powders being applied. Recovery systems 5.14.6.7. All waste air-suspended powders shall be removed by exhaust ducts to a powder recovery system and shall not be released to the outside atmosphere. Waste dust removal 5.14.6.8. Accumulations of waste dust from dry powder finishes shall be removed using the methods set out in Article 5.10.1.2. Contact points 5.14.6.9. Objects being coated shall be maintained in contact with the conveyor or other support. Hangers 5.14.6.10. Hangers for objects being coated shall be kept clean and have sharp points or edges at areas of contact. Smoking prohibited 5.14.6.11. (1) Smoking shall not take place in powder-coating areas and in powder storage rooms. (2) Signs prohibiting smoking that conform to Article 2.4.3.2. shall be conspicuously posted at all powder-coating areas and powder storage rooms. Subsection 5.14.7. Organic Peroxides and Dual Component Coatings Location of spraying operations 5.14.7.1. Spraying operations involving the use of organic peroxides and other dual component coatings shall be conducted in sprinklered spray booths as described in Sentence 5.12.8.2.(1). Initiator storage 5.14.7.2. Organic peroxide initiators shall be stored so that they will be kept away from contact with other stored materials. Handling equipment 5.14.7.3. Handling equipment, including spray guns, which is specifically designed for use with organic peroxides shall be used to apply such coatings. Containers 5.14.7.4. Separate containers shall be used exclusively for the storage of resin and organic peroxide. Pressure tank inserts 5.14.7.5. Organic peroxide pressure tank inserts shall be constructed of stainless steel, polyethylene or a material that is equally inert to organic peroxide. Elimination of foreign materials 5.14.7.6. Precautions shall be taken to prevent any mixing of foreign materials with dusts or overspray residues resulting from the sanding or spraying of finishing materials containing organic peroxides. Subsection 5.14.8. Floor Finishing Application 5.14.8.1. Floor finishing operations involving the use of flammable liquids or combustible liquids shall conform to Part 4 and this Subsection. Operations below grade 5.14.8.2. Floor finishing operations involving the use of flammable liquids shall not be performed below grade. Public access 5.14.8.3. Any part of a building where floor finishing operations are done shall not be open to the public. Ventilation 5.14.8.4. (1) Ventilation shall be provided in areas where floor finishing operations are done to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapours. (2) Ventilation required in Sentence (1) is permitted to be provided by mechanical systems if their use does not constitute a source of ignition. Prohibited activities during flammable liquid application 5.14.8.5. (1) During the application of flammable liquids and for at least 1 h after such application (a) all mechanical systems, electric motors, and other equipment that might be a source of ignition shall be shut down, (b) smoking shall not take place, and (c) open flames shall not be used. Waste receptacles 5.14.8.6. A receptacle conforming to Sentence 2.4.1.3.(3) shall be provided for all waste rags and materials used in operations involving flammable liquids or combustible liquids, and the contents shall be removed daily and disposed of in a manner that will not create a fire hazard. Subsection 5.14.9. Bowling Alleys Application 5.14.9.1. This Subsection applies to bowling alleys. Notification 5.14.9.2. The Chief Fire Official shall be notified when bowling alleys are to be resurfaced. Floor finishing 5.14.9.3. Floor finishing operations shall be carried out in accordance with Subsection 5.14.8. Pin refinishing 5.14.9.4. (1) Pin refinishing shall be carried out (a) in a building provided for that purpose, or (b) in a room at or above grade separated from the building it is located in by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. Smoking prohibited 5.14.9.5. (1) Smoking shall not take place in a room where pin refinishing occurs. (2) Signs prohibiting smoking that meet the requirements of Article 2.4.3.2. shall be conspicuously posted in any place where pin refinishing occurs. Flammable and combustible liquids 5.14.9.6. The storage, handling and use of flammable liquids and combustible liquids shall meet the requirements of Part 4. 5.14.9.7. (1) During the pin refinishing process, a receptacle that complies with Sentence 2.4.1.3.(3) shall be provided for waste rags and materials used in operations involving flammable finishes or solvents. (2) The contents of each receptacle referred to in Sentence (1) shall be removed daily and disposed of in an approved manner. Subsection 5.14.10. Drycleaning and Dyeing Plants Application 5.14.10.1. (1) Drycleaning plants shall comply with NFPA 32, “Standard for Drycleaning Plants”. (2) Despite Sentence (1) and subject to Article 5.14.10.2., flammable liquids shall not be used for any purpose in drycleaning and dyeing plants. Use and storage of flammable liquids 5.14.10.2. (1) Flammable liquids may be used as a local application to remove spots and stains if the liquids (a) are stored in containers that have a capacity of not more than 1 L, (b) do not exceed more than 25 L in aggregate quantity, and (c) are dispensed from plastic containers that have a capacity of not more than 0.5 L. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing drycleaning plants and dyeing plants may be approved if the Chief Fire Official is satisfied that the level of fire safety specified in Sentence (1) is provided. Subsection 5.14.11. Hazardous Extraction Operations Application 5.14.11.1. This subsection applies to hazardous extraction operations. Prohibited locations 5.14.11.2. A hazardous extraction operation shall not be performed (a) in a basement, or (b) in a building containing a residential occupancy. SECTION 5.15 RESERVED SECTION 5.16 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING Subsection 5.16.1. Application Application 5.16.1.1. (1) This Section applies to the fumigation or thermal fogging of buildings where this activity creates a fire or explosion hazard, including the fumigation of equipment or commodities within structures, tanks or bins or under tarpaulins. (2) Articles 5.16.2.1. and 5.16.2.2. do not apply to industries that conduct frequent fumigation operations on a routine basis where approved prior to the conducting of the operations. Subsection 5.16.2. Safety Precautions Notification of fire department 5.16.2.1. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence 5.16.1.1.(2), the fire department shall (a) be notified in writing at least 24 h before any building is to be closed for fumigation, and (b) be advised of the chemicals to be used, the proposed date and time of use, the types of respiratory protective devices required and the degree of flammability of the fumigant or fog being used. Notification of adjacent premises 5.16.2.2. Except as permitted in Sentence 5.16.1.1.(2), prior notice shall be given to the occupants of any premises adjacent to that in which fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging is to take place. Ignition sources 5.16.2.3. Flames and other sources of ignition shall be eliminated in a building undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Power supply 5.16.2.4. Electric power supply shall be shut off to the premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging. Air temperature 5.16.2.5. The air temperature in a building undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging shall be kept sufficiently low to prevent the actuation of any sprinkler system. Breathing apparatus 5.16.2.6. Protective breathing apparatus shall be made available at the premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging for all persons in case of emergency. Restricted entrance 5.16.2.7. (1) No unauthorized person shall be permitted to enter a premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging until the premises has been ventilated and is safe. (2) Warning signs shall be posted in a conspicuous location near every entrance to the premises being fumigated. (3) One person shall be on duty at each entrance to the premises undergoing fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging to prevent any unauthorized person from entering until such premises have been ventilated. SECTION 5.17 HOT WORKS Subsection 5.17.1. Application Application 5.17.1.1. This Section applies to hot works that use open flames or produce heat or sparks, including cutting, welding, soldering, brazing, grinding, adhesive bonding, thermal spraying and thawing pipes. Same 5.17.1.2. The installation, operation and maintenance of hot work equipment shall comply with CAN/CSA-W117.2, “Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes” and meet the requirements of this Section. Subsection 5.17.2. Use and Maintenance of Equipment Fuel gases 5.17.2.1. The operation of acetylene generating systems and the storage and generation of hot work fuel gases shall comply with NFPA 51, “Standard for Design and Installation of Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes”. Piping 5.17.2.2. Acetylene gas shall not be piped through copper or high copper content alloy, tubing, piping or fittings. Cylinder storage 5.17.2.3. Cylinders stored inside buildings shall conform to the requirements in Section 5.6. Cylinder caps and valves 5.17.2.4. Gas fuel cylinders, whether full or empty, whose valves are not in a recessed or protected location shall have their caps in place and their valves tightly closed when not in actual use. Damaged equipment 5.17.2.5. Torches, regulators, hoses and other oxyacetylene hot work equipment which have been damaged shall not be used. Equipment inspection 5.17.2.6. (1) Hot work equipment shall be inspected daily or prior to use for defects by personnel in charge of the equipment. (2) Hot work equipment shall be tested monthly for leaks with a leak test solution. (3) Leaks or defects found in hot work equipment shall be repaired prior to use. Equipment not in use 5.17.2.7. Valves shall be closed and lines bled when equipment is not in actual use. Lubrication 5.17.2.8. Oil or grease shall not be used for lubrication of hot work equipment. Subsection 5.17.3. Prevention of Fires Location of operations 5.17.3.1. (1) Hot work operations in buildings shall be carried out in areas that (a) are free of combustible and flammable contents, and (b) have walls, ceilings and floors of noncombustible construction or that are lined with noncombustible materials. (2) When it is not practical to undertake hot work operations in areas described in Sentence (1), combustible and flammable materials shall either be kept at least 15 m from the work area or otherwise protected against ignition by sheet metal or other noncombustible material. (3) Any process or activity that produces flammable gases or vapours, combustible dusts or combustible fibres in quantities sufficient to create a fire or explosion hazard shall be interrupted and the hazardous conditions shall be removed before any hot work is carried out. Work adjacent to piping 5.17.3.2. When hot work is to be carried out near piping containing flammable gas, the section of the piping located within 1 m of the torch shall be covered with wet noncombustible insulating material 6 mm thick. Work on containers 5.17.3.3. (1) Hot work shall not be performed on containers, equipment, or piping containing flammable liquids, combustible liquids or flammable gases unless (a) they have been cleaned and tested with a listed gas detector, such as one conforming to CSA C22.2 No. 152, “Combustible Gas Detection Instruments”, to ascertain that they are free of explosive vapours, or (b) safety measures are taken in conformance with good engineering practice. (2) Hot work operations shall not be undertaken on a totally enclosed container. (3) At least one portable extinguisher conforming to Section 6.2 shall be provided in the hot work area. SECTION 5.18 INDUSTRIAL OVENS FOR BAKING AND DRYING PROCESSES Subsection 5.18.1. Application Application 5.18.1.1. This Section applies to industrial baking and drying ovens which during operation contain flammable vapours given off by the products being baked or dried. Subsection 5.18.2. Location Prohibited location 5.18.2.1. Ovens shall not be located in any storey below grade. Subsection 5.18.3. Construction Oven materials 5.18.3.1. Industrial ovens shall be constructed of noncombustible materials with smooth interior surfaces to permit cleaning. Limiting temperature on combustible construction 5.18.3.2. The roof and floor of ovens and heaters and associated ductwork shall have sufficient clearance or be insulated where necessary to prevent the temperature from exceeding 90°C at any combustible part of the building assembly. Explosion vents 5.18.3.3. (1) Explosion vents shall be provided for ovens where fuel or vapour hazards are present. (2) Explosion vents shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 68, “Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting”. (3) Existing explosion vents that provide a vent ratio of 0.2 m2 of vent area for each cubic metre of oven volume are deemed to satisfy the vent ratio for the purposes of NFPA 68 in Sentence (1). (4) Openings or access doors equipped with explosion release hardware shall be acceptable as explosion vents. Duct and stack restrictions 5.18.3.4. (1) Ducts, stacks and associated insulation in systems for the removal of flammable vapours shall (a) be constructed of noncombustible materials, (b) not pass through firewalls, and (c) discharge outdoors not less than (i) 1.5 m from unprotected building openings, and (ii) 6 m from air intake openings. Subsection 5.18.4. Ventilation Oven ventilation 5.18.4.1. Ovens in which flammable vapours may be present or through which products of combustion are circulated shall be ventilated in accordance with NFPA 86, “Standard for Ovens and Furnaces”. Fan interlocks 5.18.4.2. (1) In ovens where flammable vapours may be present, interlocks shall be provided to ensure that energy sources and ignition devices are de-activated when (a) the ventilating fans stop, or (b) the excess temperature controls are activated. Continuous-process oven interlocks 5.18.4.3. (1) In continuous-process ovens where flammable vapours may be present, interlocks shall be provided to ensure (a) that ventilating fans are operating before conveyors can be started, and (b) that the conveyors are stopped when (i) the ventilating fans stop, or (ii) the excess temperature controls are activated. Subsection 5.18.5. Maintenance Cleaning of ovens and ductwork 5.18.5.1. (1) Ovens and associated ductwork shall be inspected, cleaned and maintained internally and externally at intervals sufficient to prevent the accumulation of combustible deposits. (2) Access doors or panels shall be provided to permit inspection, cleaning and maintenance of ovens and associated ductwork. (3) Fixed noncombustible ladders, steps or grab rails shall be provided to permit access to the doors or panels required in Sentence (2). Subsection 5.18.6. Fire Protection Portable extinguishers 5.18.6.1. Portable extinguishers shall be provided in conformance with Section 6.2. Standpipe and hose systems 5.18.6.2. A standpipe and hose system shall be installed in conformance with the Building Code and equipped with spray nozzles so that all parts of an oven structure can be reached by a hose stream. Fire access doors 5.18.6.3. Doors or other means of access shall be provided in ovens and associated ductwork so that portable extinguishers or hose streams may be used in all parts of the equipment. Automatic fire protection 5.18.6.4. Ovens containing or processing sufficient combustible materials to sustain a fire shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system or other fixed extinguishing systems. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 5; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 196-255; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 18-20; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 32-40. PART 6 FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 6.1 GENERAL Subsection 6.1.1. Application SECTION 6.2 PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS Subsection 6.2.1. General Subsection 6.2.2. Classification Subsection 6.2.3. Selection Requirements Subsection 6.2.4. Installation Requirements Subsection 6.2.5. Grading of Hazards Subsection 6.2.6. Distribution Subsection 6.2.7. Inspection, Testing and Maintenance SECTION 6.3 ALARM AND VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR LIFE SAFETY Subsection 6.3.1. General Subsection 6.3.2. Check, Inspect and Test Subsection 6.3.3. Smoke Alarms — Maintenance and Testing Subsection 6.3.4. Carbon Monoxide Alarms — Maintenance and Testing SECTION 6.4 STANDPIPE AND HOSE SYSTEMS Subsection 6.4.1. General Subsection 6.4.2. Maintenance and Inspection of Hose Stations and Equipment Subsection 6.4.3. Checking, Inspection and Testing SECTION 6.5 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Subsection 6.5.1. General Subsection 6.5.2. Sprinkler System Shutdowns Subsection 6.5.3. Checking Subsection 6.5.4. Inspection Subsection 6.5.5. Testing Subsection 6.5.6. Maintenance SECTION 6.6 WATER SUPPLIES FOR FIRE PROTECTION Subsection 6.6.1. General Subsection 6.6.2. Tanks Subsection 6.6.3. Fire Pumps and Reservoirs Subsection 6.6.4. Hydrants Subsection 6.6.5. Inspection of Hydrants Subsection 6.6.6. Uniform Marking of Hydrants SECTION 6.7 EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS, UNIT EQUIPMENT FOR EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND EXIT SIGNS Subsection 6.7.1. General SECTION 6.8 SPECIAL FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS Subsection 6.8.1. Inspection and Maintenance SECTION 6.9 DECOMMISSIONING Subsection 6.9.1. General SECTION 6.10 INTEGRATED FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS Subsection 6.10.1. General SECTION 6.1 GENERAL Subsection 6.1.1. Application Application 6.1.1.1. This Part applies to installation, checking, inspection, testing, maintenance and operation of fire protection equipment and life safety systems. Exception 6.1.1.2. Section 6.2 does not apply to dwelling units. SECTION 6.2 PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS Subsection 6.2.1. General 6.2.1.1. Listed portable extinguishers shall be installed when replacing or adding new extinguishers. Maintenance 6.2.1.2. Portable extinguishers shall be kept operable and fully charged. Location 6.2.1.3. (1) Portable extinguishers shall be located so that they are easily seen and shall be accessible at all times, except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3). (2) A lockable, break-front glazed cabinet may be used for security purposes to store portable extinguishers and where portable extinguishers are located in a fire hose cabinet, an approved lockable, scored glass break-front cabinet may be used. (3) In a detention occupancy, portable extinguishers are permitted to be located in secure areas, or in lockable cabinets provided (a) identical keys for all cabinets are located at all supervisory or security stations, or (b) electrical remote release devices that are designed to open upon power failure are provided for the cabinets. 6.2.1.4. Portable extinguishers shall be located in or adjacent to corridors or aisles that provide access to exits. Signs 6.2.1.5. The location of portable extinguishers shall be prominently indicated by signs or markings in large floor areas and in locations where visual obstructions cannot be avoided. Proximity to fire hazards 6.2.1.6. Portable extinguishers in proximity to a fire hazard shall be located so as to be accessible without exposing the operator to undue risk. Corrosive atmosphere 6.2.1.7. Portable extinguishers that are subject to corrosion shall not be installed in a corrosive environment unless they are provided with appropriate corrosion protection. Temperature range requirements 6.2.1.8. (1) Where a portable extinguisher is to be located in an area subject to temperatures outside the range 4°C to 49°C, it shall be (a) placed in an enclosure where the temperature is maintained within this range, or (b) of a type labelled for the temperatures to which it will be exposed. Mounting brackets 6.2.1.9. When portable extinguishers are located on vehicles or in areas where they are subject to jarring or vibration, brackets designed to accommodate these effects shall be used. Subsection 6.2.2. Classification Rating of portable extinguishers 6.2.2.1. Portable extinguishers shall be rated and identified in conformance with CAN/ULC-S508, “Standard for the Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers”. Subsection 6.2.3. Selection Requirements Multiple ratings 6.2.3.1. Where portable extinguishers have been tested and are rated as being acceptable for fighting more than one class of fire, each class of fire for which they are acceptable shall be designated on each extinguisher. Subsection 6.2.4. Installation Requirements Where portable extinguishers required 6.2.4.1. Portable extinguishers shall be provided to protect every building, each hazardous occupancy inside the building and each hazardous process or operation located outside. Distance above floor 6.2.4.2. Portable extinguishers with a gross weight greater than 18 kg shall be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 1.1 m above the floor when the extinguisher is not equipped with wheels. 6.2.4.3. Portable extinguishers having a gross weight of 18 kg or less shall be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 1.5 m above the floor. Operating instructions 6.2.4.4. The operating instructions of portable extinguishers shall face outward when the extinguishers are located in cabinets, in wall recesses or on shelves. Subsection 6.2.5. Grading of Hazards Light hazard occupancy 6.2.5.1. Where the quantity of combustible material present is such that fires of small size may be expected, such as in offices, schoolrooms, churches, assembly halls and telephone exchanges, the occupancy shall be graded as light hazard. Ordinary hazard occupancy 6.2.5.2. Where the quantity of combustible material present is such that fires of moderate size may be expected, such as in mercantile occupancies, display rooms, auto showrooms, parking garages, light manufacturing, warehouses not classified as extra hazard and school shop areas, the occupancy shall be graded as ordinary hazard. Extra hazard occupancy 6.2.5.3. Where the quantity of combustible material present is such that fires of severe magnitude may be expected, such as in woodworking, auto repair, aircraft servicing, mercantile storage areas, warehouses with high-piled combustibles and processes incorporating flammable liquids or combustible liquids, the occupancy shall be graded as extra hazard. Subsection 6.2.6. Distribution 6.2.6.1. (1) Portable extinguishers required in Article 6.2.4.1. shall be located in conformance with this Subsection. (2) Despite Sentence (1), in an unoccupied warehouse equipped with a fixed fire protection system, provision shall be made for portable extinguishers to be available for use by responding personnel. (3) The location and number of portable extinguishers required under Sentence (2) shall be approved. Building protection 6.2.6.2. Portable extinguishers that are provided to protect a building shall be suitable for fighting Class A fires and be available for use at all times. Occupancy protection 6.2.6.3. Portable extinguishers that are provided to protect a hazardous occupancy shall be those required in this Section for fighting Class A fires, Class B fires, Class C fires, Class D fires or Class K fires. Extinguishers for Class A fires 6.2.6.4. Except as required in Article 6.2.6.5., portable extinguishers for Class A fires shall be provided in conformance with Table 6.2.6.A. 6.2.6.5. Where a floor area is less than that shown in Table 6.2.6.A., one portable extinguisher not less than the minimum size permitted shall be provided. TABLE 6.2.6.A. Forming Part of Article 6.2.6.4. Basic Minimum Extinguisher Rating for Area Specified Maximum Travel Distance to Extinguisher, m Maximum Area to be Protected per Extinguisher for Class A Fires, m2 Light Hazard Occupancy Ordinary Hazard Occupancy Extra Hazard Occupancy 2A 25 600 300 Not Acceptable 3A 25 900 400 300 4A 25 1100 600 400 6A 25 1100 900 600 10A 25 1100 1100 900 20A 25 1100 1100 1100 40A 25 1100 1100 1100 Hose stations in lieu of extinguishers 6.2.6.6. Up to one half of the number of portable extinguishers required in Table 6.2.6.A. may be replaced by hose stations.

Extinguishers for Class B fires 6.2.6.7. Except as required by Article 6.2.6.9., portable extinguishers for Class B fires shall be provided as required in Table 6.2.6.B. 6.2.6.8. (1) Where up to three portable extinguishers rated for Class B fires are used to satisfy the extinguisher rating specified in Table 6.2.6.B., the sum of the basic extinguisher ratings shall satisfy the requirements in Table 6.2.6.B. (2) No more than three portable extinguishers shall be used to satisfy the requirements of Table 6.2.6.B. TABLE 6.2.6.B. Forming Part of Article 6.2.6.7. Grade of Hazard Basic Minimum Extinguisher Rating per Unit Maximum Travel Distance to Extinguishers, m Light 5B 9 10B 15 Ordinary 10B 9 20B 15 Extra 20B 9 40B 15 Extinguishers for flammable and combustible liquids 6.2.6.9. (1) Portable extinguishers for Class B fires shall be provided for flammable liquid and combustible liquid hazards when flammable liquids or combustible liquids are stored in open containers to a depth greater than 6 mm. (2) The portable extinguishers shall provide at least one numerical unit of extinguishing potential for Class B fires per 0.1 m2 of surface area of the largest open container within the area, but in no case shall the extinguisher rating be less than that required by Table 6.2.6.B. (3) The distance travelled to reach a portable extinguisher required by Sentence (1) shall not exceed 15 m. 6.2.6.10. (1) Where up to three foam-type portable extinguishers rated for Class B fires are used to satisfy the requirements of Article 6.2.6.9., the sum of the basic extinguisher ratings shall satisfy the requirements in Table 6.2.6.B. (2) No more than three portable extinguishers shall be used to satisfy the requirements of Table 6.2.6.B. Supplementary protection 6.2.6.11. Portable extinguishers shall supplement fixed fire protection in Part 5 in accordance with Article 6.2.6.9. where a flammable liquid or combustible liquid is stored in an open container and where the liquid surface area exceeds 0.4 m2. Extinguishers for commercial cooking equipment 6.2.6.12. (1) Portable extinguishers suitable for Class K fires shall be provided to protect cooking operations. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to cooking operations protected by wet chemical or dry chemical extinguishers not listed for Class K fires that met the requirements of this Code on December 31, 2014, as it read on that day, unless the extinguishers (a) become due for an internal examination or hydrostatic test under Subsection 6.2.7., (b) require recharging due to use, or (c) become damaged. Extinguishers for Class C fires 6.2.6.13. Portable extinguishers suitable for Class C fires shall be provided in or near service rooms containing electrical equipment. Distribution 6.2.6.14. Distribution of portable extinguishers for Class C fires shall conform to the applicable provisions for the distribution of extinguishers for Class A fires or Class B fires in the vicinity of the electrical equipment. 6.2.6.15. Reference shall be made to Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5 for requirements of portable extinguishers for flammable liquids and combustible liquids, hazardous materials, processes and operations. Extinguishers for combustible metal fires 6.2.6.16. (1) For fires involving combustible metals, extinguishers or extinguishing agents with Class D fire ratings suitable for the combustible metal shall be provided. (2) Extinguishing equipment shall be located not more than 25 m from the Class D fire hazard. Subsection 6.2.7. Inspection, Testing and Maintenance 6.2.7.1. (1) Maintenance and testing of portable extinguishers shall be in conformance with NFPA 10, “Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers”. (2) Portable extinguishers that are inspected in conformance with NFPA 10, “Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers”, are deemed to satisfy the inspection requirements of this Subsection. Examination 6.2.7.2. Portable extinguishers shall be inspected monthly. Defective extinguishers 6.2.7.3. Portable extinguishers having defects shall be repaired and, if necessary, recharged to ensure the extinguishers will operate effectively and safely. Tags 6.2.7.4. (1) Each portable extinguisher shall have a tag securely attached to it showing the maintenance or recharge date, the servicing agency and the signature of the person who performed the service. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where other approved records are maintained that show the maintenance or recharge date, the servicing agency and the signature of the person who performed the service. Maintenance records 6.2.7.5. A permanent record containing the maintenance date, the examiner’s name and a description of any maintenance work or hydrostatic testing carried out shall be prepared and maintained for each portable extinguisher. Maintenance after use 6.2.7.6. Portable extinguishers shall be replaced or recharged after use in conformance with instructions given on the extinguisher nameplate. 6.2.7.7. Extinguisher shells, cartridges or cylinders that show leakage or permanent distortion in excess of specified limits or that rupture shall be removed from service. 6.2.7.8. Hydrostatic pressure tests shall be conducted at the original test pressure as stated on the nameplate. Test labels 6.2.7.9. (1) Where a portable extinguisher is tested, a label shall be fixed to the extinguisher after testing that indicates the month and year the hydrostatic pressure test was performed, the test pressure used and the name of the person or agency performing the test. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where a permanent record of the test is kept and is available to the fire department. SECTION 6.3 ALARM AND VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR LIFE SAFETY Subsection 6.3.1. General Access 6.3.1.1. Access to fire alarm and voice communication system components requiring inspection or servicing shall be kept unobstructed. Monitoring 6.3.1.2. (1) Where the Building Code or this Code require a fire alarm system to be monitored to transmit a signal to the fire department, the building owner shall ensure the continuation of the monitoring. (2) Where the fire alarm system monitoring referred to in Sentence (1) is provided by a central station, the building owner shall obtain written documentation from the central station operator that the monitoring service complies with (a) NFPA 71, “Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Signaling Systems for Central Station Service”, or (b) CAN/ULC-S561, “Standard for Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems”. (3) Where a fire alarm system is monitored by a central station to meet the requirements of the Building Code or this Code, the operator of the central station shall provide, upon request by the owner or Chief Fire Official, a document attesting that the monitoring service is in compliance with one of the standards identified in Sentence (2). (4) Despite Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A, where the Building Code or this Code requires a fire alarm system to be monitored and the monitoring is provided by a central station, the operator of the central station shall be responsible for maintaining the monitoring service and associated monitoring equipment in accordance with one of the standards identified in Sentence (2). (5) Where the fire alarm system is monitored by a proprietary signalling system, such system shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 72, “National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code”. 6.3.1.3. (1) If a fire alarm or voice communication system or any part thereof is shut down (a) the fire department and building occupants shall be notified in accordance with Article 1.1.1.1., and (b) the supervisory staff shall be notified. 6.3.1.4. Fire alarm and voice communication systems shall be maintained in operating condition. Signal silencing 6.3.1.5. (1) Once activated, a fire alarm system shall not be manually silenced unless it has been confirmed by supervisory staff, in accordance with approved procedures as detailed in the fire safety plan, that no fire emergency exists. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where a silencing switch is part of an approved integrated voice communication system and signal silencing takes place to allow fire emergency instructions to be heard. Disconnect switches 6.3.1.6. Disconnect switches for power supplies which serve only fire alarm systems or interconnected smoke alarms shall be in a locked secure area or otherwise secured in an approved manner. Relocating manual pull stations 6.3.1.7. (1) Where approved, manual pull stations for a fire alarm system in a building may be relocated if there is a high incidence of false alarms in the building. (2) Where the manual pull stations are relocated, alternate approved measures shall be used to maintain the level of life safety. Repairs and alterations to fire alarm systems 6.3.1.8. Repair, replacement and alterations of fire alarm system components shall be in accordance with CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems”. Subsection 6.3.2. Check, Inspect and Test Obligation to ensure compliance 6.3.2.1. (1) The owner shall ensure that any person performing the annual tests or annual inspections required by this Subsection for fire alarm systems or performing the repairs, replacements or alterations of fire alarm systems referred to in Article 6.3.1.8. is in compliance with the requirements of (a) Clause 1.2.1.2.(1)(a) of Division C, or (b) Sentence 1.2.1.2.(2) of Division C. (2) The owner shall ensure that any person performing the annual tests or annual inspections required by this Subsection for interconnected smoke alarm systems or performing the tests or maintenance for interconnected smoke alarm systems referred to in Article 6.3.2.6. is in compliance with the requirements of (a) Clause 1.2.2.2.(1)(a) of Division C, or (b) Sentence 1.2.2.2.(2) of Division C. Fire alarm systems 6.3.2.2. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a fire alarm system, with or without voice communication capability, shall be inspected and tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S536, “Standard for Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems”. (2) Despite Clause 14.4.1.6. of CAN/ULC-S536, “Standard for Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems”, a UL listed smoke detector sensitivity instrument may be used to conduct annual sensitivity testing of smoke detectors. (3) A description of the fire alarm system as required in CAN/ULC-S536, “Standard for Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems”, shall be kept current and maintained in the building at an approved location. (4) A record of each device, component and circuit of the fire alarm system that is inspected and tested in accordance with Sentence (1) shall (a) indicate whether the device, component or circuit is in proper working order, and (b) be kept in accordance with Subsection 1.1.2. (5) Where a fire alarm system is monitored to transmit a signal to the fire department, the owner shall record whether all signals from the tests conducted in Sentence (1), or other events, are received by the monitoring station, and records shall be kept in accordance with Subsection 1.1.2. Central alarm and control facilities 6.3.2.3. The central alarm and control facility shall be checked daily for indication of trouble in the system. Voice communication systems 6.3.2.4. Voice communication systems that are integrated with a fire alarm system shall be tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S536, “Standard for Inspection and Testing of Fire Alarm Systems”. 6.3.2.5. (1) Voice communication systems that are not integrated with a fire alarm system shall be tested monthly in compliance with Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Loudspeakers described in Sentence (1) shall be tested monthly as an all-call signal to ensure they function as intended. (3) Communication from at least one remote firefighter emergency telephone location to the control unit shall be tested monthly on a rotational basis so that communication from all remote firefighter emergency telephone locations are tested at least once per year. (4) Voice communication systems are not required to be tested in conformance with Sentences (1) and (2) where the systems are regularly used as part of a paging system. Interconnected smoke alarms 6.3.2.6. (1) This Article applies to interconnected smoke alarm systems in all residential occupancies and care occupancies, except in individual dwelling units and in buildings regulated by Section 9.8. (2) Interconnected smoke alarms shall be tested and maintained in operating condition in conformance with CAN/ULC-S552, “Standard for the Maintenance and Testing of Smoke Alarms”, and as required by this Article. (3) The power supply shall be checked weekly. (4) The operability of the interconnected system shall be confirmed monthly, by testing at least one smoke alarm using its test function, on a rotational basis. (5) Where installed, each manual pull station shall be tested to ensure activation of the interconnected smoke alarms on an annual basis. (6) Written records shall be kept of weekly checks of the power supply for at least six months after they are made, and be available upon request to the Chief Fire Official. (7) Revoked: O. Reg. 33/19, s. 23. Residential fire warning systems 6.3.2.7. (1) Smoke detectors forming part of a residential fire warning system that are used in lieu of smoke alarms in conformance with the provisions of Sentence 2.13.2.1.(4), shall be maintained, tested and replaced in accordance with the manufacturer’s published instructions, and in accordance with (a) Articles 6.3.3.2. to 6.3.3.6., and (b) Sentences 6.3.3.8.(1) to (4) and (6). (2) For the purposes of compliance with Clauses (1)(a) and (1)(b), smoke detectors forming part of a residential fire warning system shall be treated as smoke alarms. Subsection 6.3.3. Smoke Alarms — Maintenance and Testing Application 6.3.3.1. (1) This Subsection applies to smoke alarms in (a) suites of residential occupancy, (b) guest suites, (c) sleeping rooms not within a dwelling unit, and (d) other occupancies in which smoke alarms are required by the Building Code. Landlord is responsible 6.3.3.2. (1) Despite the definition of owner in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A, in the case of a rental suite, only the landlord shall be considered to be the owner for the purpose of applying Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A to this Subsection. (2) In this Subsection, “landlord” means (a) the person, firm or corporation that owns the rental unit, including an agent acting on their behalf for purposes of carrying out duties under this Subsection, and (b) does not include the tenant. Duty to maintain in operating condition 6.3.3.3. (1) Smoke alarms shall be maintained in operating condition. (2) Primary and secondary power supplies that serve smoke alarms shall be maintained in operating condition. (3) If the Building Code requires a visual signalling component that is integral with or connected to a smoke alarm, the visual signalling component shall be maintained in operating condition. Maintenance instructions to be given to tenant 6.3.3.4. The landlord of each rental suite shall give the tenant a copy of the smoke alarm manufacturer’s maintenance instructions or approved alternative maintenance instructions. Tenant to notify landlord 6.3.3.5. (1) A tenant of a rental suite shall notify the landlord as soon as the tenant becomes aware that (a) a smoke alarm in the unit is disconnected, (b) a smoke alarm in the unit is not operating, or (c) the operation of a smoke alarm in the unit is impaired. Disabling prohibited 6.3.3.6. No person shall disable a smoke alarm. Replacement 6.3.3.7. (1) A smoke alarm shall be replaced within the time frame indicated in the manufacturer’s instructions. (2) When a smoke alarm is replaced (a) in the case of a suite subject to Part 9, the replacement shall not provide a lower level or type of protection than that required by Part 9, (b) in the case of a suite not subject to Part 9 that was constructed on or after April 6, 1998, the replacement shall not provide a lower level or type of protection than that required by the Building Code in effect at the time of construction of the suite, and (c) in the case of a suite not subject to Part 9 that was constructed before April 6, 1998, the replacement shall not provide a lower level or type of protection than that required by Article 2.13.2.1. (3) The Chief Fire Official may approve an alternative to a requirement of Sentence (2) if, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, the alternative provides fire safety protection equivalent to or greater than the fire safety protection that would be provided by the requirement. Testing 6.3.3.8. (1) This Article applies to rental suites. (2) The landlord shall test smoke alarms annually and after every change in tenancy. (3) The landlord shall test battery-operated smoke alarms after the battery is replaced. (4) The landlord shall test smoke alarms that are connected to an electrical circuit after any change is made to the electrical circuit. (5) For the purposes of Sentences (2), (3) and (4), smoke alarms shall be tested by activating the smoke alarm test feature. (6) If the Building Code requires a visual signalling component that is integral with or connected to a smoke alarm, the landlord shall ensure that any test of the smoke alarm required by Sentences (2) to (4) activates the visible signalling component. Subsection 6.3.4. Carbon Monoxide Alarms — Maintenance and Testing Application 6.3.4.1. (1) This Subsection applies to carbon monoxide alarms in buildings containing a residential occupancy or a care occupancy. (2) For greater certainty, the term residential occupancy referenced in this Subsection includes retirement homes. Landlord is responsible 6.3.4.2. (1) Despite the definition of owner in Article 1.4.1.2. of Division A, in the case of a rental suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy, only the landlord shall be considered to be the owner for the purpose of applying Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A to this Subsection. (2) In this Subsection, “landlord” means (a) the person, firm or corporation that owns the rental unit, including an agent acting on their behalf for purposes of carrying out duties under this Subsection, and (b) does not include the tenant. Duty to maintain in operating condition 6.3.4.3. (1) Carbon monoxide alarms shall be maintained in operating condition. (2) Primary and secondary power supplies that serve carbon monoxide alarms shall be maintained in operating condition. Maintenance instructions to be given to tenant 6.3.4.4. The landlord of each rental suite of residential occupancy shall give the tenant a copy of the carbon monoxide alarm manufacturer’s maintenance instructions or approved alternative maintenance instructions. Tenant to notify landlord 6.3.4.5. (1) A tenant of a rental suite of residential occupancy shall notify the landlord as soon as the tenant becomes aware that (a) a carbon monoxide alarm in the unit is disconnected, (b) a carbon monoxide alarm in the unit is not operating, or (c) the operation of a carbon monoxide alarm in the unit is impaired. Disabling prohibited 6.3.4.6. No person shall disable a carbon monoxide alarm. Replacement in certain buildings 6.3.4.7. (1) This Article applies to every building that contains a residential occupancy or a care occupancy where (a) the building contains (i) a fuel-burning appliance, (ii) a fireplace, or (iii) a storage garage, or (b) the residential occupancy or care occupancy is served by a forced-air fuel-burning appliance not contained within the building. (2) RESERVED (3) A carbon monoxide alarm shall be replaced within the time frame indicated in the manufacturer’s instructions. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), when a carbon monoxide alarm is replaced, the replacement carbon monoxide alarm (a) shall not provide a lower level or type of carbon monoxide protection than that required by the Building Code as it read on the day the building or part of the building was constructed, and (b) shall comply with CSA-6.19, “Residential Carbon Monoxide Alarming Devices” or UL 2034, “Single and Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms”. (5) When a carbon monoxide alarm that is required to be installed by Subsection 2.16.2. is replaced, the replacement carbon monoxide alarm shall conform to Article 2.16.2.1. (6) The Chief Fire Official may approve an alternative to a requirement of Sentence (4), or (5) if, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, the alternative provides life safety protection equivalent to or greater than the life safety protection that would be provided by the requirement. Testing 6.3.4.8. (1) This Article applies to rental suites of residential occupancy and to rental suites of care occupancies. (2) The landlord of a rental suite of residential occupancy or care occupancy shall (a) test carbon monoxide alarms annually and after every change in tenancy or after every change of residents, (b) test battery-operated carbon monoxide alarms after the battery is replaced, and (c) test carbon monoxide alarms that are connected to an electrical circuit after any change is made to the electrical circuit. (3) For the purposes of Clauses (2)(a), (b) and (c), carbon monoxide alarms shall be tested by activating the carbon monoxide alarm test feature. SECTION 6.4 STANDPIPE AND HOSE SYSTEMS Subsection 6.4.1. General 6.4.1.1. During alteration of a building required to have a standpipe and hose system, the system shall be installed or dismantled progressively so as to provide protection to all floor areas. 6.4.1.2. Standpipe and hose systems shall be maintained in operating condition. Fire department connections 6.4.1.3. (1) Except when in use or being inspected in accordance with Article 6.4.3.7., fire department connections shall be equipped with plugs or caps that are secured wrench-tight. (2) If plugs or caps are missing, the fire department connections shall be examined for obstructions, back-flushed when conditions warrant and the plugs or caps replaced. Out of service requirements 6.4.1.4. (1) If a standpipe system or any part thereof is shut down (a) the fire department and building occupants shall be notified in accordance with Article 1.1.1.1., and (b) the supervisory staff shall be notified. Hotels 6.4.1.5. In buildings containing a hotel, a standpipe and hose system shall not be shut down, disconnected or otherwise impaired without notifying the Chief Fire Official in accordance with a schedule identified in the approved fire safety plan. Inspection, testing and maintenance 6.4.1.6. Compliance with the inspection, testing and maintenance provisions of NFPA 25, “Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems”, for standpipe and hose systems is deemed to satisfy the requirements of Articles 6.4.2.1. to 6.4.2.5. and Subsection 6.4.3. Subsection 6.4.2. Maintenance and Inspection of Hose Stations and Equipment Hose stations 6.4.2.1. Hose stations shall be inspected monthly to ensure that the hose is in proper position and that all of the equipment is in place and in operable condition. 6.4.2.2. Standpipe and hose system equipment shall be used for fire protection only. 6.4.2.3. Standpipe hose stations shall be conspicuously identified and unobstructed. Hose valves 6.4.2.4. Hose valves shall be inspected annually to ensure that they are tight so that there is no water leakage into the hose. Hose 6.4.2.5. (1) Standpipe hose shall be unracked, unreeled or unrolled and inspected at least annually and after use, and any worn hose or gaskets in the couplings at the hose valves and at the nozzle replaced. (2) If the hose is replaced on the rack, reel or storage area, it shall be reracked, rereeled or rerolled so that any folds do not occur at the same position they were previously on the hose. Standpipe identification 6.4.2.6. (1) Except as required in Sentence (2), each hose connection in a standpipe system shall be provided with a legible sign reading: “FIRE HOSE FOR USE BY TRAINED PERSONS ONLY”. (2) Each hose connection in a dry standpipe system with no permanent water supply shall be provided with a legible weatherproof sign reading: “DRY STANDPIPE FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT USE ONLY”. Hose cabinets 6.4.2.7. (1) If a fire hose station is located in a cabinet, an approved lockable, scored glass break-front cabinet may be used. (2) Hose stations in a major occupancy consisting of detention occupancy may be located in secure areas, or in lockable cabinets where (a) identical keys for all cabinets are located at all guard stations, or (b) electrical remote release devices are provided and are connected to an emergency power supply. Subsection 6.4.3. Checking, Inspection and Testing Standpipe systems 6.4.3.1. (1) Standpipe systems that have been modified, extended or are being restored to service after a period of disuse exceeding one year shall be tested in conformance with Articles 6.4.3.2. to 6.4.3.5. (2) Where standpipes are built in walls or partitions, the tests shall be made before the standpipes are concealed. Hydrostatic test 6.4.3.2. (1) Standpipe system piping shall be hydrostatically tested for 2 hours at a pressure of not less than (a) 1400 kPa (gauge), or (b) 350 kPa (gauge) in excess of the normal hydrostatic pressure when the normal hydrostatic pressure is in excess of 1050 kPa (gauge). Fire department connections 6.4.3.3. Piping between the fire department connection and the check valve in the inlet pipe to the standpipe shall be hydrostatically tested in the same manner as the remainder of the system. Underground mains 6.4.3.4. (1) Underground mains and connections shall be hydrostatically tested for 2 hours at a hydrostatic pressure of 350 kPa (gauge) in excess of the maximum hydrostatic pressure in service, but not less than 1400 kPa (gauge). (2) Leakage during the test shall not exceed 2 L/h per 100 joints for pipe laid with rubber gasketted joints, and 30 mL/h per 25 mm of pipe diameter per joint for pipe laid with caulked lead or lead substitute joints. Flow and pressure tests 6.4.3.5. Flow and pressure tests shall be conducted at the highest and most remote hose valve or hose connection to ensure that the water supply for the standpipe system is provided as originally designed. Dry standpipes 6.4.3.6. (1) Standpipe system piping which normally remains dry shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with Article 6.4.3.2. at intervals of not more than five years. (2) Water supply pressure and system air pressure for automatic dry standpipe systems shall be checked weekly by using gauges to ensure that the system is maintained at the required operating pressure. Fire department connections 6.4.3.7. (1) The dry portion of the fire department connection piping of a standpipe system shall be hydrostatically tested at a pressure of not less than 1050 kPa (gauge) for 2 hours at intervals of not more than five years where (a) the fire department connection piping has been in service for more than thirty years, or (b) the age of the fire department connection piping cannot be determined. (2) Despite Sentence (1), if, on July 1, 2018, fire department connection piping has not been hydrostatically tested within the previous five years, the first test required by Sentence (1) shall be completed before January 1, 2019. (3) Fire department connection piping shall be inspected annually with any plugs or caps removed to ensure that (a) the fire department connection is physically unobstructed and readily accessible, (b) the fire department connection identification sign is in place and visible, (c) the fire department connection is free of wear, rust or obstruction, (d) couplings or swivels are not damaged and rotate smoothly, (e) gaskets are in place and in good condition, (f) the check valve is not leaking, (g) the automatic drain valve is in place and operating properly, and (h) fire department connection clappers are in place and operating properly. (4) The annual inspection referenced in Sentence (3) shall be recorded and kept in accordance with Subsection 1.1.2. Hotels 6.4.3.8. In buildings containing a hotel, flow and pressure tests shall be conducted annually at the highest and most remote hose valve or hose connection to verify that the water supply for the standpipe system is provided as originally designed. SECTION 6.5 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS Subsection 6.5.1. General Repair, replacement, alterations, inspection, testing and maintenance 6.5.1.1. (1) Repair, replacement and alterations of sprinkler system components shall be in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes” or NFPA 13R, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height”, as applicable. (2) Compliance with the inspection, testing and maintenance provisions of NFPA 25, “Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems”, for sprinkler systems is deemed to satisfy the requirements of Subsections 6.5.4. to 6.5.6. 6.5.1.2. Sprinkler systems shall be maintained in operating condition. Closing sprinkler control valves 6.5.1.3. (1) Sprinkler control valves shall not be closed in the event of a fire until the fire is (a) extinguished, or (b) considered by the fire department, or by an industrial fire brigade established by the owner in consultation with the fire department, to be under control by other means. Changes in equipment or occupancy 6.5.1.4. Changes in equipment or occupancy that might result in temperatures at sprinklers being more than 38°C or less than 4°C with wet pipe systems shall not be made without previously making provisions to alter the sprinkler system to prevent premature operation or freezing. Obstructions 6.5.1.5. (1) No obstructions shall be placed so as to interfere with the effectiveness of water discharge from sprinklers. (2) Sprinkler systems shall not be used to support anything that will interfere with effective sprinkler system performance. 6.5.1.6. (1) Where alterations or repairs are made to feed mains, cross mains, or risers in sprinkler systems, the systems shall be tested in conformance with Sentences (2) to (8). (2) Except as permitted in Sentence (4), the sprinkler system shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test of a minimum of 1400 kPa (gauge), or 350 kPa (gauge) in excess of the maximum static pressure to which the system may be subjected, for a period of 2 h without loss of pressure. (3) For dry-pipe systems, the clapper of the differential type dry-pipe valve shall be held off its seat, and the ball drip in the intermediate chamber shall be replaced by a plug during the test. (4) The tests described in Sentence (2) shall be performed when hydrostatic pressure testing can be performed without danger of freezing, and when there is danger of freezing, the sprinkler system shall be pressure tested with air at 350 kPa (gauge) for 2 h without loss of pressure. (5) Sprinkler system water supply pressure shall be tested with the main drain valve fully open to ensure that there are no obstructions in the water supply piping to the sprinkler system. (6) Drainage facilities shall be tested to ensure that the drains are capable of taking the full flow from the main drain pipe without overflowing. (7) Dry-pipe valves shall be tested to ensure that they are in operating condition. (8) Mechanical and electrical alarms shall be tested to ensure that they are in operating condition. Testing of underground mains 6.5.1.7. (1) When alterations or additions are made to underground mains and lead-in connections of a sprinkler system, the mains and lead-in connections shall be tested by (a) flushing for sufficient time to remove foreign material at a minimum water flow as specified in Table 6.5.1.A., and (b) a 2 h hydrostatic pressure test of 350 kPa (gauge) in excess of the maximum static pressure, but not less than 1400 kPa (gauge) and leakage shall not exceed 2 L/h per 100 joints for pipe laid with rubber gasketted joints, and 30 mL/h per 25 mm of pipe diameter per joint for pipe laid with caulked lead or lead substitute joints. TABLE 6.5.1.A. Forming Part of Article 6.5.1.7. Size of Pipe, mm Minimum Flow, L/min 100 1500 150 3250 200 5800 250 9000 300 13000 (2) At seasons of the year that will not permit hydrostatic pressure testing, the procedure outlined in Sentence 6.5.1.6.(4) may be followed. Records 6.5.1.8. (1) An approved record shall be kept of inspections of each system. (2) The record required in Sentence (1) shall be available for examination by the Chief Fire Official. Subsection 6.5.2. Sprinkler System Shutdowns Notification 6.5.2.1. When any alterations, additions or repairs are to be made involving interruption to a sprinkler system or part thereof, the Chief Fire Official shall be notified. Sprinkler control valves and water supplies 6.5.2.2. (1) Sprinkler control valves and sprinkler water supplies shall not be shut down, disconnected or otherwise impaired for more than 24 h without notifying the Chief Fire Official. (2) In buildings containing a hotel, sprinkler control valves and sprinkler water supplies shall not be shut down, disconnected or otherwise impaired (a) for 24 h or less without notifying the Chief Fire Official in accordance with a schedule identified in the approved fire safety plan, or (b) for more than 24 h without notifying the Chief Fire Official. Schedule of temporary shutdowns 6.5.2.3. Where it is required to temporarily shut down a sprinkler system or part thereof, the work shall be programmed by the contractor working on the system to enable the sprinkler system to be operational as quickly as possible in the circumstances. Programmed repairs 6.5.2.4. (1) If a sprinkler system or any part thereof is shut down (a) the fire department and building occupants shall be notified in accordance with Article 1.1.1.1., and (b) the supervisory staff shall be notified. Additional protection during shutdowns 6.5.2.5. Full sprinkler protection shall be restored or the provisions of Article 6.5.2.6. maintained when work on the system is discontinued. Identification of closed valves 6.5.2.6. Closed sprinkler control valves and closed valves controlling fire protection water supplies for sprinkler systems shall be tagged or identified in an approved manner. Subsection 6.5.3. Checking Pipe hangers 6.5.3.1. Exposed sprinkler piping hangers shall be checked yearly to ensure that they are kept in good repair. Pressure maintenance 6.5.3.2. Water supply pressure and system air or water pressure shall be checked weekly by using gauges to ensure that the system is maintained at the required operating pressure. Protection against freezing 6.5.3.3. Dry-pipe valve rooms or enclosures in unheated buildings shall be checked as often as necessary when the outside temperature falls below 0°C to ensure that the system does not freeze. Sprinkler heads 6.5.3.4. Sprinkler heads shall be checked at least once per year to ensure that they are free from damage, corrosion, grease, dust, paint or whitewash. Subsection 6.5.4. Inspection Winter damage 6.5.4.1. Auxiliary drains shall be inspected to prevent freezing. Test flushing 6.5.4.2. Dry-pipe systems shall be inspected every 15 years for obstructions in the sprinkler piping and, if necessary, the entire system flushed of foreign material. Priming water level 6.5.4.3. The priming water for dry-pipe systems shall be inspected at least every three months to ensure that the proper level above the dry-pipe valve is maintained. Fire department connections 6.5.4.4. (1) Except when in use or being inspected in accordance with Sentence (2), fire department connections shall be equipped with plugs or caps that are secured wrench-tight. (2) Plugs or caps shall be removed annually and the fire department connections inspected for wear, rust or obstruction and corrective action shall be taken as needed. (3) If plugs or caps are missing, the fire department connections shall be examined for obstructions, back-flushed when conditions warrant and the plugs or caps replaced. Sprinkler control valves 6.5.4.5. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) and (3), valves controlling sprinkler water supplies or alarms shall be sealed in the open position and inspected weekly. (2) Valves which are locked open or valves which are electrically supervised shall be inspected monthly. (3) After any alterations or repairs, valves shall be inspected to ensure they are in the fully open position and are sealed, locked or electrically supervised. Subsection 6.5.5. Testing Notification 6.5.5.1. Prior notification of water flow or other tests to be made to a sprinkler system shall be given to parties who could be affected by an alarm. Alarm testing 6.5.5.2. (1) Except as provided in Article 6.5.5.7., the alarm on all sprinkler systems shall be tested monthly by flowing water through the test connection located at the sprinkler valve. (2) An alarm line subject to freezing shall be cleared of all obstructions susceptible to freezing after the test specified in Sentence (1). Water flow alarm tests 6.5.5.3. Water flow alarm tests using the most hydraulically remote test connection shall be performed annually on wet sprinkler systems. Trip testing valves 6.5.5.4. (1) Dry-pipe valves shall be trip tested by means of the inspector’s test valve in accordance with Sentences (2) and (3) to ensure that they operate satisfactorily and that the sprinkler alarms are in operating condition. (2) Dry-pipe valves shall be trip tested annually. (3) During the test referred to in Sentence (2), the control valve is not required to be in the fully open position. (4) Dry-pipe valves shall be trip tested at least once every three years with the control valve fully open. (5) The trip time for the tests described in Sentences (2) and (4) may exceed the acceptance trip time by not more than 10%. Water supply 6.5.5.5. Sprinkler system water supply pressure shall be tested annually with the main drain valve fully open to ensure that there are no obstructions or deterioration of the main water supply. 6.5.5.6. The test prescribed in Article 6.5.5.5. shall be conducted after any sprinkler system control valve has been operated. Electrical supervision signal testing 6.5.5.7. (1) If electrical supervision is provided for a sprinkler system, it shall be tested by operating the supervisory signal devices in conformance with Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Transmitters and water-flow-actuated devices shall be tested every two months. (3) Valve supervisory switches, tank water level devices, building and tank water temperature supervisory devices and other sprinkler system supervisory devices shall be tested at least every six months. Subsection 6.5.6. Maintenance Sprinkler guards 6.5.6.1. Sprinklers shall be protected by sprinkler guards where there is the possibility of mechanical damage. Valve access 6.5.6.2. Sprinkler control valves shall be accessible and maintained in operable condition at all times. Valve pits 6.5.6.3. Pits containing sprinkler control valves shall be kept free of water and protected against freezing. Precautions against freezing 6.5.6.4. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), sections of sprinkler systems subject to freezing shall be converted to a dry-pipe or antifreeze system with a separate control valve for that part of the system. (2) Alternative methods to prevent freezing of sprinkler piping may be used where approved. Spare sprinkler heads 6.5.6.5. (1) Where sprinkler systems are installed, a supply of spare sprinkler heads and equipment shall be maintained in conformance with Sentences (2) to (5). (2) Spare sprinkler heads shall be kept in a cabinet where the temperature does not exceed 38°C. (3) The minimum stock of spare sprinkler heads to be kept on hand shall be (a) 6 sprinkler heads for installations containing not more than 300 sprinklers, (b) 12 sprinkler heads for installations containing from 301 to 1000 sprinklers, and (c) 24 sprinkler heads for installations containing more than 1000 sprinklers. (4) Spare sprinkler heads shall correspond to the types and temperature ratings of the sprinklers installed on the system. (5) A wrench suitable for replacing sprinkler heads shall be kept in the cabinet where the spare sprinkler heads are stored. Protection for combustible sprinkler piping 6.5.6.6. Materials installed to protect combustible sprinkler piping, as required by the Building Code current at the time of installation, shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of the same edition of the Building Code used for their installation. SECTION 6.6 WATER SUPPLIES FOR FIRE PROTECTION Subsection 6.6.1. General 6.6.1.1. Private and public water supplies for fire protection installations shall be maintained to provide the required flow under fire conditions. Valve inspections 6.6.1.2. (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), valves controlling water supplies used exclusively for fire protection systems or combined domestic water supplies and fire protection systems shall be sealed in the open position and inspected weekly. (2) Valves which are locked open or valves which are electrically supervised shall be inspected monthly. (3) After any alterations or repairs, an inspection shall be made to ensure valves are returned to the fully open position and are sealed, locked or electrically supervised. Ice accumulations 6.6.1.3. Water supply systems used for fire protection shall be kept free of ice accumulations that may interfere with flow. Antifreeze pumping systems 6.6.1.4. Where antifreeze solutions are used to maintain pumping systems operable under freezing conditions, the specific gravity shall be such that the solution will remain unfrozen at a temperature of 8°C below the expected minimum temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. Inspection, testing and maintenance 6.6.1.5. (1) Compliance with the inspection, testing and maintenance provisions of NFPA 25, “Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems”, for tanks is deemed to satisfy the requirements of Subsection 6.6.2. (2) Compliance with the inspection, testing and maintenance provisions of NFPA 25, “Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems”, for fire pumps is deemed to satisfy the requirements of Subsection 6.6.3. (3) Compliance with the inspection, testing and maintenance provisions of NFPA 25, “Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems”, for hydrants is deemed to satisfy the requirements of Subsection 6.6.5. Subsection 6.6.2. Tanks Tank inspections 6.6.2.1. An annual inspection shall be made of tanks for fire protection, tank supporting structures and water supply systems, including piping, control valves, check valves, heating systems, mercury gauges and expansion joints, to ensure that they are in operating condition. Tank heating equipment 6.6.2.2. Tank heating equipment and accessories shall be checked daily during freezing weather to ensure that they are in operating condition and that heater valves are open. Water temperature checks 6.6.2.3. A daily check of the temperature of the water contained in tanks shall be carried out during freezing weather to ensure that it does not fall below the freezing temperature. Tank enclosure temperature checks 6.6.2.4. A daily check of the temperature of the tank enclosure for tanks in buildings shall be carried out during freezing weather to ensure that the temperature of the tank enclosure does not fall below 0°C. Check for corrosion 6.6.2.5. Steel and iron work, including the inside and outside of steel tanks and hoops and grillages for wooden tanks, shall be checked for corrosion at intervals not exceeding two years and scraped and repainted as required. Inspection for sediment 6.6.2.6. (1) Tanks, other than tanks supplied by a potable water supply, shall be inspected for accumulations of sediment at least every two years and cleaned as required. (2) Tanks supplied by a potable water supply shall be inspected every five years and scraped and repainted as required. Inspection of cathodic protection 6.6.2.7. Where cathodic protection equipment is installed to prevent corrosion of steel tanks, the equipment shall be inspected annually. Water level in gravity tanks 6.6.2.8. The water level in gravity tanks shall be inspected monthly. Gravity tanks 6.6.2.9. Gravity tanks shall be inspected annually to ensure that the tank roof is tight and in good repair, that hatches or doors are kept closed and properly secured and that the frost-proof casing of the tank riser makes a tight joint with the bottom of the tank. 6.6.2.10. The space between overflow pipes and the tops of gravity tanks, the valve pits at the bottoms of the risers and the entire area around the bases of the columns of tanks shall be kept free of rubbish and waste materials. 6.6.2.11. Gravity tank expansion joints shall be repacked and adjusted if binding or leaks develop. Pressure tanks 6.6.2.12. (1) Pressure tanks shall be checked weekly during which the water level shall be observed and the air pressure shall be read. (2) Corrective action shall be taken immediately if the observed water level or air pressure is outside the designed operating range for the tank. 6.6.2.13. Relief valves on the air and water supply lines of pressure tanks shall be inspected weekly. Subsection 6.6.3. Fire Pumps and Reservoirs Fire pump reservoirs 6.6.3.1. The water level in the fire pump reservoir shall be checked weekly. Pump room temperature 6.6.3.2. The temperature of pump rooms shall be checked daily during freezing weather. Inspection of fire pumps 6.6.3.3. (1) Fire pumps shall be operated at least once per week at rated speed. (2) The fire pump discharge pressure, suction pressure, lubricating oil level, operative condition of relief valves, priming water level and general operating conditions shall be inspected during the weekly operation of fire pumps. Internal combustion engine inspection 6.6.3.4. (1) Internal combustion engine fire pumps shall be operated once a week for a sufficient time to bring the engine up to normal operating temperature. (2) The storage batteries, lubrication systems, oil and fuel supplies shall be inspected once a week. Fire pump flow tests 6.6.3.5. Fire pumps shall be tested annually at full rated capacity to ensure that they are capable of delivering the rated flow. Hotels 6.6.3.6. In buildings containing a hotel, the intervals referred to in Articles 6.6.3.3. and 6.6.3.4. are permitted to be once per month. Subsection 6.6.4. Hydrants Hydrants 6.6.4.1. Municipal and private hydrants shall be maintained in operating condition. 6.6.4.2. Hydrants shall be maintained free of snow and ice accumulations. 6.6.4.3. Hydrants shall be readily available and unobstructed for use at all times. Subsection 6.6.5. Inspection of Hydrants 6.6.5.1. Hydrants shall be inspected annually and after each use in accordance with Articles 6.6.5.2. to 6.6.5.5. 6.6.5.2. (1) Except when in use or being inspected in accordance with Sentence (2), hydrants shall be equipped with port caps that are secured wrench-tight. (2) The port caps shall be removed and the connections inspected for wear, rust or obstructions that in any way hamper easy removal and corrective action shall be taken as needed. (3) If the caps are missing, the hydrant shall be examined for obstructions or accumulated refuse and flushed in accordance with Article 6.6.5.7. and the port caps shall be re-installed. 6.6.5.3. The hydrant barrel shall be inspected to ensure that no water has accumulated within the barrel when the main valve is in the closed position. 6.6.5.4.

Where the hydrant barrel is found to contain water under Article 6.6.5.3., the drain valve shall be inspected for operation. 6.6.5.5. If the hydrant barrel is found to contain water because of poor drainage that is impractical to correct, approved measures shall be taken to prevent freezing during winter conditions. Hydrant water flow 6.6.5.6. Hydrant water flow shall be inspected annually in accordance with Article 6.6.5.7. 6.6.5.7. The main valve of the hydrant shall be fully opened and the hydrant operated with one port open and the water flow checked. 6.6.5.8. A record of the hydrant operation as described in Article 6.6.5.7. shall be kept in conformance with Subsection 1.1.2. Subsection 6.6.6. Uniform Marking of Hydrants Hydrant marking 6.6.6.1. Hydrants shall be colour-coded in accordance with NFPA 291, “Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of Hydrants”. SECTION 6.7 EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS, UNIT EQUIPMENT FOR EMERGENCY LIGHTING and EXIT SIGNS Subsection 6.7.1. General 6.7.1.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), and Articles 6.7.1.2. to 6.7.1.5., emergency power systems shall be inspected, tested and maintained in conformance with CSA-C282, “Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings”. (2) An emergency electrical power supply system for emergency equipment in hospitals shall be inspected, tested and maintained in conformance with CSA-Z32, “Electrical Safety and Essential Electrical Systems in Health Care Facilities”. (3) If an emergency power system or any part thereof is shut down (a) the fire department and building occupants shall be notified in accordance with Article 1.1.1.1., and (b) the supervisory staff shall be notified. Instructions for switching and starting 6.7.1.2. Where an emergency power system is installed, instructions shall be provided for switching on essential loads and for starting the generator when this is not done automatically. Inspection and testing 6.7.1.3. Despite the requirements of Subsection 1.1.2., written records shall be maintained as required in CSA-C282, “Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings”. Fuel supply 6.7.1.4. The amount of fuel stored and connected to the emergency power system shall be sufficient to operate the engine for at least 2 h. 6.7.1.5. (1) Liquid fuel storage tanks shall be drained and refilled with fresh fuel at intervals not greater than 12 months. (2) The requirements of Sentence (1) may be achieved by replenishment as the result of the normal test program required in Article 6.7.1.1. Inspection of emergency lighting unit equipment 6.7.1.6. (1) Self-contained emergency lighting unit equipment shall be inspected at intervals not greater than one month to ensure that (a) pilot lights are functioning and not obviously damaged or obstructed, (b) the terminal connections are clean, free of corrosion and lubricated when necessary, (c) the terminal clamps are clean and tight as per manufacturer’s specifications, (d) the battery surface is kept clean and dry, and (e) the electrolyte level and specific gravity are maintained as per manufacturer’s specifications. (2) Self-contained emergency lighting unit equipment shall be tested (a) at intervals not greater than one month to ensure that the emergency lights will function upon failure of the primary power supply, and (b) at intervals not greater than 12 months to ensure that the unit will provide emergency lighting for a duration equal to the design criteria under simulated power failure conditions. (3) After completion of the test required in Clause (2)(b), the charging conditions for voltage and current and the recovery period shall be tested to ensure that the charging system is in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Inspection of emergency lights 6.7.1.7. (1) Except as provided in Article 6.7.1.6., emergency lights shall be inspected at intervals not greater than 12 months to ensure that they are functional. (2) Where emergency power for the lights referred to in Sentence (1) is provided from a system of batteries, the batteries shall be inspected and tested in accordance with the procedures set out in Article 6.7.1.6. Inspection of exit signs 6.7.1.8. (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and (3), exit signs shall be inspected at intervals not greater than 12 months to ensure that the exit signs will be visible upon failure of the primary power supply. (2) Exit signs provided with a battery back-up shall be inspected at intervals (a) not greater than one month to ensure the exit signs will be visible upon failure of the primary power supply, and (b) not greater than 12 months to ensure the exit signs will be visible for a duration equal to the design criterion upon failure of the primary power supply. (3) Exit signs that contain self-luminous or photoluminescent material shall be maintained in accordance with (a) the sign manufacturer’s maintenance instructions, if any, and (b) the conditions outlined in the approval of the designated evaluation body under the Building Code, if any. SECTION 6.8 SPECIAL fire suppression SYSTEMS Subsection 6.8.1. Inspection and Maintenance 6.8.1.1. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this Section, where special fire suppression systems have been installed, inspection and maintenance shall be provided in conformance with the appropriate standards set out in Sentences 2.1.3.5. (3), (4) and (5). (2) Where a special fire suppression system of a type has been installed in accordance with a standard not referred to in Article 2.1.3.5., inspection and maintenance shall be provided in conformance with the specified standard and in the absence of a standard, to the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance instructions. (3) If a special fire suppression system or any part thereof is shut down (a) the fire department and building occupants shall be notified in accordance with Article 1.1.1.1., and (b) the supervisory staff shall be notified. Test records 6.8.1.2. Written records shall be kept of inspections, maintenance and testing in conformance with Subsection 1.1.2. Container maintenance 6.8.1.3. Extinguishing agent containers provided for special fire suppression systems shall be fully charged with the proper quantity of extinguishing agent and the necessary operating pressure maintained. Discharge outlets 6.8.1.4. Discharge outlets for special fire suppression systems shall be kept free of dirt and residue. Piping 6.8.1.5. Piping and equipment shall be mechanically secure and accessible for cleaning and maintenance. Replacement equipment 6.8.1.6. No replacement equipment and devices provided for special fire suppression systems shall be used unless suitable for the installation in which they are to be placed. 6.8.2. Revoked: O. Reg. 87/25, s. 50. SECTION 6.9 DECOMMISSIONING Subsection 6.9.1. General 6.9.1.1. Except as otherwise provided in this Part, fire protection equipment and life safety systems shall not be decommissioned or permanently taken out of service without approval. Section 6.10 Integrated Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems Subsection 6.10.1. General Testing and maintenance 6.10.1.1. (1) This Section applies to the testing and maintenance of integrated fire protection and life safety systems that are (a) installed on or after January 1, 2020, and (b) required by the Building Code to be verified in conformance with CAN/ULC-S1001, “Standard for Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems”. (2) Interconnections between fire protection and life safety systems shall be tested and maintained in conformance with CAN/ULC-S1001, “Standard for Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems”. (3) Records of integrated tests shall be made and retained in accordance with Subsection 1.1.2. (4) The one year integrated test required by CAN/ULC-S1001, “Standard for Integrated Systems Testing of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems” in Sentence (2) is waived for a fire protection and life safety system installed before January 1, 2026. Obligation to ensure compliance 6.10.1.2. (1) The owner shall ensure that any person who performs the testing and maintenance of fire alarm system components that interconnect with other fire protection and life safety systems required under Article 6.10.1.1. is in compliance with the requirements of either (a) Clause 1.2.1.2.(1)(a) of Division C, or (b) Sentence 1.2.1.2.(2) of Division C. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 6; O. Reg. 194/14, ss. 8-10; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 256-290; O. Reg. 108/18, ss. 2, 3; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 21-27; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 41-51; O. Reg. 303/25, s. 8, 9. PART 7 checking, INSPECTION, TESTING, Notification AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE EMERGENCY SYSTEMS IN HIGH BUILDINGS TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 7.1 GENERAL Subsection 7.1.1. General SECTION 7.2 CHECKING, INSPECTION, TESTING, NOTIFICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF CERTAIN FIRE EMERGENCY SYSTEMS Subsection 7.2.1. Intervals Between Tests Subsection 7.2.2. Elevators Subsection 7.2.3. Venting to Aid Fire Fighting Subsection 7.2.4. Central Alarm and Control Facilities and Voice Communication Systems for Life Safety Subsection 7.2.5. Maintenance SECTION 7.3 INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF SMOKE CONTROL EQUIPMENT Subsection 7.3.1. General SECTION 7.1 GENERAL Subsection 7.1.1. General Application 7.1.1.1. This Part applies to high buildings as described in Article 3.2.6.1. of Division B of the Building Code. Requirements 7.1.1.2. The fire emergency systems required by this Code and the Building Code shall be checked, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with Sections 7.2 and 7.3. 7.1.1.3. Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 294. SECTION 7.2 CHECKING, INSPECTION, TESTING, Notification AND MAINTENANCE OF CERTAIN FIRE EMERGENCY SYSTEMS Subsection 7.2.1. Intervals Between Tests Intervals between tests 7.2.1.1. Unless otherwise prescribed in this Part, tests shall be carried out at intervals of not more than three months. Subsection 7.2.2. Elevators Testing 7.2.2.1. (1) Elevator door-opening devices operated by means of photo-electric cells shall be tested to ensure that the devices become inoperative after the door has been held open for more than 20 s with the photo-electric cell covered. (2) Key-operated switches located outside an elevator shaft shall be tested to ensure that actuation of the switch will render the emergency stop switch in each car inoperative and bring all cars to the street floor or transfer lobby by cancelling all other calls after the car has stopped at the next floor at which it can make a normal stop. (3) Key-operated switches in each elevator car shall be tested to ensure that actuation of the switch will (a) enable the elevator to operate independently of other elevators, (b) allow operation of the elevator without interference from floor call buttons, (c) render door protective devices inoperative, and (d) control the opening of power-operated doors only by continuous pressure on the door-opening buttons or switches, to ensure that if the “OPEN” button or switch is released while the door is opening, the doors will automatically close. Out of service requirements 7.2.2.2. (1) If a firefighters’ elevator is not operational (a) the supervisory staff shall be notified, and (b) where the firefighters’ elevator is not operational for more than 24 hours, the fire department and the building occupants shall be notified by means of the procedure established under Sentence (2). (2) A procedure of notification shall be established that may be used when a firefighters’ elevator is out of service, and the procedure must include notifying the fire department and building occupants. Subsection 7.2.3. Venting to Aid Fire Fighting Inspection 7.2.3.1. (1) Closures in vent openings into smoke shafts from each floor area shall be inspected sequentially over a period not to exceed five years. (2) Every closure in an opening to the outdoors at the top of a smoke shaft shall be inspected annually to ensure that it will open (a) manually from outside the building, (b) on a signal from the smoke or heat actuated device in the smoke shaft, and (c) when a closure in an opening between a floor area and the smoke shaft opens. (3) In addition to the procedures described in Sentences (1) and (2), elevators in an elevator shaft that is intended for use as a smoke shaft shall be inspected semi-annually to ensure that on activation of the fire alarm system they will return to the street floor and remain inoperative. (4) Where an air-handling system is used for venting floor areas in the event of a fire to comply with the requirements of the Building Code, the system shall be inspected annually to ensure that air is exhausted to the outdoors. Subsection 7.2.4. Central Alarm and Control Facilities and Voice Communication Systems for Life Safety 7.2.4.1. The checking, inspecting and testing of central alarm and control facilities and voice communication systems for life safety shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section 6.3. Subsection 7.2.5. Maintenance Maintenance of certain fire emergency systems 7.2.5.1. (1) In addition to the requirements of Part 6, components of fire emergency systems shall be maintained in accordance with Sentences (2) to (7). (2) The keys required to recall elevators and to permit independent operation of each elevator shall be kept in the location required by the Building Code. (3) Firefighters’ elevators shall be maintained in operable condition. (4) The firefighters’ elevator symbol shall be maintained in identifiable condition. (5) Access to windows and panels required to vent floor areas and vents to vestibules that are permitted to be manually openable shall be kept free of obstructions. (6) Windows and panels provided for venting floor areas shall be maintained so as to be openable without the use of keys. (7) Vents to vestibules that are permitted to be manually openable shall be maintained in operable condition. SECTION 7.3 INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF SMOKE CONTROL EQUIPMENT Subsection 7.3.1. General 7.3.1.1. Smoke control equipment shall be maintained in a manner that ensures that it is fully operational. 7.3.1.2. Where smoke control measures contained in Commentary C of NRCC, User’s Guide –NBC 1995, “Fire Protection, Occupant Safety and Accessibility (Part 3)” are used, the inspections and tests shall be carried out as outlined in Section 7.3 of Division B of CCBFC, “National Fire Code of Canada 2020”. 7.3.1.3. (1) Subject to Sentences (2) to (5), where a smoke control system is designed to meet the requirements of the Building Code, the inspections and tests for equipment shall be carried out in accordance with procedures established by the designer of the system. (2) Where procedures described in Sentence (1) are not available, smoke control systems shall be assessed to ensure satisfactory operation and, where applicable, using techniques described in MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-4, “Measures for Fire Safety in High Buildings”. (3) Upon completion of the assessment described in Sentence (2), written procedures for periodic inspections and tests shall be established. (4) The procedures described in Sentence (3) shall bear the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer or Architect. (5) The inspections and tests established under Sentence (3) shall be implemented. (6) Despite Sentences (1) and (3), other inspection and test procedures may be approved. Doors in means of egress 7.3.1.4. Where vestibules, stairshafts or other areas are pressurized as a means of smoke control, all doors in the path of exit travel shall be tested to ensure that the doors can be operated as required in Article 2.7.2.1. when the entire smoke control system is being tested. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 7; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 291-301; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 28-30; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 52, 53. PART 8 DEMOLITION TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 8.1 GENERAL Subsection 8.1.1. Application Subsection 8.1.2. Requirements SECTION 8.1 GENERAL Subsection 8.1.1. Application Application 8.1.1.1. This Part applies to fire safety for buildings, parts of buildings, facilities, adjacent buildings or facilities and associated areas undergoing demolition operations. Subsection 8.1.2. Requirements Building services 8.1.2.1. (1) Except as required in Sentence (2) and except for water supplies for firefighting, building services shall be terminated at a point located outside the building or part thereof under demolition. (2) The service provider whose service connections will be affected shall be notified before any action mentioned in Sentence (1) is taken and, if it is necessary to maintain any service, it shall be (a) relocated as necessary, and (b) protected from damage. Firewatch 8.1.2.2. (1) During periods when demolition operations create a fire hazard to parts of the building not under demolition or to neighbouring occupied spaces or neighbouring properties, a firewatch shall be conducted. (2) If a firewatch is required, the demolition site shall be toured by firewatch personnel at least once each hour. (3) Facilities shall be provided to enable firewatch personnel to (a) ensure that a fire warning is sounded to notify occupants, and (b) communicate with the fire department. (4) Firewatch personnel shall be equipped with portable illumination and protective equipment. (5) Before demolition of a building or part of a building is commenced, a safety plan for the demolition site shall be prepared and implemented. (6) The demolition safety plan shall include (a) the designation and organization of site personnel to carry out fire safety duties, including a firewatch when required, (b) the emergency procedures to be followed in case of fire, including (i) ensuring that a fire warning is sounded to notify occupants, (ii) notifying the fire department, and (iii) confining, controlling and extinguishing the fire, (c) the requirement to train site personnel to carry out fire safety duties, including a firewatch and the emergency procedures referred to in Clause (b), (d) the procedures to control fire hazards in and around the demolition site, including procedures to mitigate risks to parts of the building not under demolition or to neighbouring occupied spaces or neighbouring properties, and (e) the maintenance of fire fighting facilities. (7) If a demolition involves a building that is required to have a fire safety plan that complies with Section 2.8, the fire safety plan shall take into account changes to the building arising from the demolition in accordance with Sentences 2.8.2.1.(4) and (5). Storage of combustibles 8.1.2.3. (1) Combustible salvage, waste material and rubbish shall not be accumulated on site in such quantity or such location as to cause a fire hazard. (2) If temporary chutes are installed on the exterior of a building, the chutes shall (a) be of noncombustible material, or (b) be installed a distance of at least 3 m from any opening in the building face. Burning of rubbish 8.1.2.4. Rubbish shall not be burned on the premises unless permitted in accordance with Article 2.4.4.4. Hot work equipment 8.1.2.5. The installation, operation and maintenance of hot work equipment shall be carried out in accordance with Section 5.17. Standpipe systems 8.1.2.6. (1) Where a building being demolished floor by floor is equipped with a standpipe system, the system, together with fire department connections, valves, couplings and hose, shall be maintained in operable condition on all storeys below the one being demolished, except for the storey immediately below it. (2) If no fire department standpipe connection exists in a building under demolition that is 4 storeys or more in building height, a temporary standpipe connection shall be provided. (3) If no standpipe system exists in a building under demolition that is 8 storeys or more in building height, a temporary standpipe shall be provided. (4) Standpipe systems shall be kept in such condition that they may be connected near street level, to a fire department pump, so as to supply water to every outlet on each floor. (5) In a building under demolition that is over 84 m in height, the primary water supply serving the standpipe system, including fire pumps, shall be maintained in operating condition. Access for fire fighting 8.1.2.7. (1) During demolition, fire fighting access routes shall be maintained in accordance with Section 2.5. (2) Unobstructed access to fire hydrants, portable extinguishers and fire department connections for standpipe and sprinkler systems shall be maintained during demolition. (3) If a demolition site is fenced so as to prevent general entry, provision shall be made for access by fire department equipment and personnel. (4) Elevating devices shall be accessible for the use of firefighters for buildings under demolition that are more than 36 m in building height, measured between grade and the floor level of the top storey. Portable extinguishers 8.1.2.8. (1) Portable extinguishers shall be provided in buildings under demolition in accordance with Subsection 6.2.6. as if the buildings were graded for ordinary hazard under Subsection 6.2.5. (2) In addition to the other requirements of this Code, if a building is under demolition, portable extinguishers shall be provided in unobstructed and easily accessible locations in any areas (a) where hot work operations are carried out, (b) where combustibles are stored, (c) near or on any internal combustion engines, (d) where flammable liquids and combustible liquids or gases are stored or handled, (e) where temporary fuel-fired equipment is used, (f) that are designated for smoking, and (g) where bitumen heating equipment is used. (3) The extinguishers required by Sentence (2) shall have a minimum rating of (a) 3A:20B:C on moveable equipment, and (b) 4A:40B:C in all other locations. (4) Portable extinguishers required in Sentences (1), (2) and (3) shall be maintained in conformance with Section 6.2. Smoking prohibited 8.1.2.9. Smoking shall not take place in, on or near a building under demolition, except as provided in Subsection 2.4.3. Ignition sources 8.1.2.10. (1) Devices capable of producing ignition, internal combustion engines, temporary heating equipment and associated devices shall be kept at a safe distance from combustible material so as not to cause ignition. (2) The clearance between combustible material and temporary heating equipment, including flues, shall comply with (a) the minimum clearance, if any, shown on certified heating equipment, or (b) the minimum clearance specified in the Building Code, if no minimum clearance is shown on the heating equipment. Temporary enclosures 8.1.2.11. Fabrics and films used to temporarily enclose buildings shall be securely fastened to prevent them from being blown against heaters or other ignition sources. Provisions for egress 8.1.2.12. Unless otherwise approved, at least two exits shall be accessible and usable at all times. Fire warning 8.1.2.13. A means shall be provided to alert site personnel of a fire and such means shall be capable of being heard throughout the building or facility. Safety of tanks, piping and machinery reservoirs at demolition sites 8.1.2.14. (1) Tanks, piping and machinery reservoirs at a demolition site that contain combustible liquids or flammable liquids or that are likely to contain flammable vapours shall be drained and, except as permitted by Sentence (2), removed prior to the demolition of the building. (2) Where it is impracticable to remove tanks, piping or machinery reservoirs from the building prior to demolition, such equipment shall be (a) drained and purged with inert materials before demolition is commenced, (b) clearly identified before demolition is commenced, and (c) removed from the building as soon as conditions permit. (3) Tanks, piping and machinery reservoirs referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) that once contained combustible liquids, flammable liquids or flammable gases shall be purged with inert materials prior to demolition to prevent an explosion. Fire separations in partly occupied buildings 8.1.2.15. Where part of a building continues to be occupied, the occupied part shall be separated from the part being demolished by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h. Protection during shutdown 8.1.2.16. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), where a fire protection system is provided, the fire protection system shall remain operational throughout the demolition area, where reasonably practical. (2) When any portion of a fire protection system is temporarily shut down during demolition operations, alternative measures shall be taken to ensure that protection is maintained. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 8; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 302-313; O. Reg. 33/19, s. 31; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 54-58. PART 9 RETROFIT TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 9.1 GENERAL Subsection 9.1.1. General Subsection 9.1.2. Application Subsection 9.1.3. Schedule of Compliance Subsection 9.1.4. Life Safety Study SECTION 9.2 ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.2.1. Application and General Subsection 9.2.2. Containment Subsection 9.2.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.2.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.2.5. Suppression SECTION 9.3 BOARDING, LODGING AND ROOMING HOUSES Subsection 9.3.1. Application and General Subsection 9.3.2. Containment Subsection 9.3.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.3.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.3.5. Suppression SECTION 9.4 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES Subsection 9.4.1. Application and General Subsection 9.4.2. Containment Subsection 9.4.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.4.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.4.5. Suppression SECTION 9.5 BUILDINGS UP TO AND INCLUDING 6 STOREYS IN BUILDING HEIGHT WITH RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.5.1. Application and General Subsection 9.5.2. Containment Subsection 9.5.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.5.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.5.5. Suppression SECTION 9.6 BUILDINGS HIGHER THAN 6 STOREYS IN BUILDING HEIGHT WITH RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.6.1. Application and General Subsection 9.6.2. Containment Subsection 9.6.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.6.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.6.5. Suppression SECTION 9.7 BUILDINGS WITH A CARE OCCUPANCY OR RETIREMENT HOME Subsection 9.7.1. Application and General Subsection 9.7.2. Containment Subsection 9.7.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.7.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.7.5. Suppression SECTION 9.8 TWO UNIT RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.8.1. Application and General Subsection 9.8.2. Containment Subsection 9.8.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.8.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.8.5. Suppression Subsection 9.8.6. Electrical SECTION 9.9 HOTELS Subsection 9.9.1. Application and General Subsection 9.9.2. Containment Subsection 9.9.3. Means of Egress Subsection 9.9.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Subsection 9.9.5. Suppression SECTION 9.1 GENERAL Subsection 9.1.1. General Scope 9.1.1.1. This Part provides for the upgrading of existing buildings through retrofit. Compliance 9.1.1.2. (1) The requirements of this Part shall be satisfied (a) by implementing the requirements of the applicable Section, or (b) by implementing an approved Life Safety Study in accordance with Subsection 9.1.4. Approved alternatives 9.1.1.3. A requirement of this Part is deemed to be complied with if materials, equipment or systems are approved that, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with the requirement. Subsection 9.1.2. Application Application 9.1.2.1. The requirements for buildings that are covered by this Part shall be determined by their occupancies as regulated in the appropriate Sections in this Part. Exemptions 9.1.2.2. (1) This Part does not apply to a building that contains a residential occupancy, consisting of no more than one dwelling unit, and no other major occupancy. (2) Except for Article 9.4.5.5. and Section 9.7 and 9.9, this Part does not apply to a building or part of a building that satisfies the applicable fire safety requirements of the Building Code. (3) Section 9.7 does not apply to a building or part of a building that contains a care occupancy if the building or part of the building satisfies the applicable fire safety requirements for a care occupancy contained in the Building Code as it read at any time on or after April 6, 1998. (4) Section 9.7 does not apply to a building or part of a building that contains a retirement home, if the building or part of the building satisfies the applicable fire safety requirements for a retirement home contained in the Building Code as it read at any time on or after January 1, 2014. (5) Section 9.9 does not apply to a building or part of a building that satisfies the applicable fire safety requirements of the Building Code as it read at any time on or after July 1, 1993. (6) Sections 9.2 to 9.9 do not apply to a building with respect to which the Chief Fire Official has granted an exemption under a predecessor of this Regulation during such period as the exemption is valid. Subsection 9.1.3. Schedule of Compliance Compliance time for health care facilities, care occupancies and retirement homes 9.1.3.1. (1) It is the responsibility of the owner of a building containing a home described in Section 9.4 to comply with Article 9.4.5.5. as of January 1, 2025. (2) Revoked: O. Reg. 87/25, s. 60. Extension of time 9.1.3.2. If compliance is not possible by the date required under Article 9.1.3.1. because of a strike, material shortage or other circumstances beyond an owner’s control, the Chief Fire Official may grant an extension of the time for compliance. Subsection 9.1.4. Life Safety Study Life Safety Study 9.1.4.1. (1) A Life Safety Study is a proposal to the Chief Fire Official that consists of (a) a detailed assessment of the life safety performance requirements, clearly identifying items not meeting the requirements of this Part, (b) a detailed description of how an acceptable level of life safety can be achieved, and (c) a detailed time schedule to implement the provisions of Clause (b). Contents 9.1.4.2. (1) A Life Safety Study shall deal with, but is not limited to (a) containment, including (i) fire separations, (ii) firewalls, (iii) construction assemblies, (iv) occupancy separations, and (v) interior finishes, (b) detection, including (i) alarm and detection systems, and (ii) voice communication systems, (c) suppression, including (i) fire department access, (ii) standpipe and hose systems, (iii) sprinkler or special fire suppression systems, and (iv) firefighters’ elevators, and (d) egress, including (i) the number, type, access to, direction to, lighting for and identification of exits, (ii) fire escapes, (iii) occupant load, and (iv) emergency lighting. Signature and seal 9.1.4.3. A Life Safety Study shall bear the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer or Architect, or both. Time schedule 9.1.4.4. The time schedule referred to in Clause 9.1.4.1.(1)(c) may provide for a compliance date after the compliance date required by Article 9.1.3.1. Extension of time 9.1.4.5. An owner or the owner’s agent may apply to the Chief Fire Official for an extension of the compliance date to permit time for a Life Safety Study to be submitted. Extension following Order 9.1.4.6. (1) Where an owner or the owner’s agent has received an Order that requires compliance with this Part, the owner or the owner’s agent may apply within five days of receipt of the Order to the Chief Fire Official to extend the time for compliance pending submission of a Life Safety Study. (2) Upon receipt of the application referred to in Sentence (1), the Chief Fire Official shall, within 10 days, review the application and either grant or refuse an extension of the time for compliance to permit submission of a Life Safety Study. (3) The Chief Fire Official shall notify the owner or the owner’s agent of the Chief Fire Official’s decision in writing. (4) Notification shall be served either personally or by mail. (5) Where notification is by mail, it is deemed to have been served on the fifth day after the date of mailing. (6) An owner or the owner’s agent, within five days of being notified of a refusal to grant an extension of the time to submit a Life Safety Study, may request the reasons for the refusal in writing. (7) The Chief Fire Official shall comply with the request referred to in Sentence (6) within 10 days after receipt thereof. (8) An owner or the owner’s agent who feels aggrieved by a decision to refuse an extension of time to submit a Life Safety Study may, within 30 days of the refusal, appeal the refusal in the same manner as though it were an Order. Review 9.1.4.7. (1) Despite any other Order that requires compliance with this Part, the Chief Fire Official shall, within 30 days after receiving a Life Safety Study, review the Life Safety Study for implementation. (2) Where a Life Safety Study is approved for implementation, the Chief Fire Official shall notify the owner or the owner’s agent of the decision in writing. (3) Where a Life Safety Study is not approved, the Chief Fire Official shall advise the owner or the owner’s agent of the decision and the reasons therefor in writing. (4) Notification shall be served either personally or by mail. (5) Where notification is by mail, it is deemed to have been served on the fifth day after the date of mailing. (6) An owner or the owner’s agent who feels aggrieved by a decision not to approve a Life Safety Study may, within 30 days of the refusal, appeal the decision in the same manner as though it were an Order. (7) Despite any other provision of this Part, a Life Safety Study that has been approved and implemented is deemed to satisfy an Order requiring compliance with this Part and made with respect to the same premises before the Life Safety Study was accepted. Records 9.1.4.8. A copy of an approved Life Safety Study shall be kept on the premises to which it relates and be made available to the Chief Fire Official upon request. SECTION 9.2 ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.2.1. Application and General Assembly occupancies 9.2.1.1. (1) This Section applies to (a) art galleries, (b) auditoria, (c) beverage establishments, (d) bingo halls, (e) clubs, (f) community halls, (g) dance halls, (h) enclosed arenas, (i) exhibition halls, (j) gymnasia, (k) halls in religious establishments (excluding areas of worship), (l) lecture halls, (m) lodge rooms, (n) movie theatres, (o) museums, (p) opera houses, (q) restaurants, (r) television studios, and (s) theatres. (2) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 317. Exemption for educational facilities and hotels 9.2.1.2. (1) This Section does not apply to assembly occupancies in buildings that are regulated under the Education Act or the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities Act. (2) This Section does not apply to a building or part of a building regulated under Section 9.9. Definitions 9.2.1.3. For the purposes of this Section, “1986 Building Code” means Ontario Regulation 419/86, as it read on February 11, 1987; “existing” means in existence on February 11, 1987. Subsection 9.2.2. Containment Fire separations between major occupancies 9.2.2.1. (1) Fire separations shall be provided between assembly occupancies described in Subsection 9.2.1. and other major occupancies in compliance with Article 3.1.3.2. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) If Sentence (1) requires a fire separation having a 2 h fire-resistance rating, a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h is deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if (a) the building is sprinklered with a sprinkler system that complies with Article 9.2.5.2., or (b) the building has a detection system that is connected to the building fire alarm system. (3) If Sentence (1) requires a fire separation having a 1 h fire-resistance rating, a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 minutes is deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if (a) the building is sprinklered with a sprinkler system that complies with Article 9.2.5.2., or (b) the building has a detection system that is connected to the building fire alarm system. Protection of openings in fire separations 9.2.2.2. (1) Closures that are in compliance with Sentences 3.1.6.4.(2) and 3.1.6.7.(1) of the 1986 Building Code shall be provided in fire separations. (2) Where Sentence (1) requires (a) a 1 h or a 45 min fire-protection rating, existing hollow metal or kalamein doors, with or without wired glass and equipped with self-closing devices, and existing hollow metal frames are deemed to be in compliance, (b) a 1 h or a 45 min fire-protection rating, existing wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames are deemed to be in compliance, or (c) a 20 min fire-protection rating, existing 45 mm solid core wood doors and existing solid wood frames are deemed to be in compliance. (3) Despite the requirements referred to in Sentence (1), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required to be installed in existing noncombustible ducts at penetrations of a fire separation. Fire separations for hazardous areas 9.2.2.3. (1) In high buildings classified in the 1986 Building Code under Subsection 3.2.6., fire separations that are in compliance with Subsection 3.5.2. of the 1986 Building Code shall be provided between service rooms and assembly occupancies. (2) In buildings not referred to in Sentence (1), fire separations that are in compliance with Subsection 3.5.2. of the 1986 Building Code shall be provided between service rooms and assembly occupancies. (3) A fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 minutes is deemed to comply with Sentence (2) if (a) the service room is sprinklered, or (b) a detection system is provided and connected to the building fire alarm system. (4) Fire separations shall be provided between theatrical stages and assembly occupancies in compliance with Sentences 3.3.2.14.(3) to (5) of the 1986 Building Code. (5) Despite Sentence (4), existing fire separations may be approved. Interior finishes 9.2.2.4. (1) Interior finishes shall comply with the flame-spread rating requirements under Clauses 3.1.4.5.(3)(g) and (h) and Subsection 3.1.11. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Where (a) the finish is not an exposed expanded plastic, the assembly area is sprinklered and the sprinkler system complies with Article 9.2.5.2., the existing interior finish is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1), or (b) the finish is treated with a fire retardant surface coating listed by a recognized testing laboratory and applied in accordance with the listing conditions, the finish is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) Despite Sentence (1), existing interior finishes may be approved. Subsection 9.2.3. Means of Egress Occupant load determination 9.2.3.1. The occupant load for calculation of number and width of exits referred to in Articles 9.2.3.6. and 9.2.3.7. shall be in accordance with Article 2.7.1.4. Access to exits; number and location 9.2.3.2. (1) Where the occupant load of a room exceeds 60 persons, at least two egress doorways shall be provided in such a manner that one doorway can provide egress if the other doorway becomes inaccessible to the occupants. (2) An existing room with one doorway is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the occupant load does not exceed 100 persons, (b) the floor area is sprinklered and the sprinkler system complies with Article 9.2.5.2., and (c) the travel distance does not exceed 23 m. Access to exits 9.2.3.3. (1) Access to exits shall comply with Article 3.3.2.7. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Existing access to exits through dead end corridors are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the occupant load does not exceed 20 persons, and (b) the travel distance does not exceed 6 m plus the width of the dead end corridor to a point where a choice of two directions of exit travel are available. Minimum number of exits 9.2.3.4. (1) Each floor area shall be served by at least two exits. (2) Despite Sentence (1), floor areas in buildings not exceeding 2 storeys in building height may be served by one exit where (a) the occupant load for the floor area does not exceed 60 persons, (b) the floor area does not exceed 200 m2, and (c) the travel distance from any point on the floor area does not exceed 15 m. Door swing 9.2.3.5. Each door serving as an access to exit from a room serving more than 60 persons shall open in the direction of exit travel and shall swing on its vertical axis. Number of exits 9.2.3.6. (1) The minimum number of exits from a floor area shall be, (a) for an occupant load of 61 up to and including 600 persons, not less than two exits, (b) for an occupant load of 601 up to and including 1000 persons, not less than three exits, or (c) for an occupant load of more than 1000 persons, not less than four exits. Total width 9.2.3.7. (1) The aggregate required width of exits shall be determined by multiplying the occupant load of the area served by (a) 6.1 mm (1/4 in) per person for ramps with a gradient of not more than 1 in 8, doorways, corridors and passageways, or (b) 9.2 mm (3/8 in) per person for ramps with a gradient of more than 1 in 8 and stairs. 9.2.3.8. The width of an exit stair or of a corridor used as an access to exit or as an exit shall not be less than 900 mm. 9.2.3.9. Where the total number of exits and the total width of exits comply with Articles 9.2.3.6. and 9.2.3.7., existing corridor and stair widths are deemed to be in compliance with Article 9.2.3.8. Fire escapes permitted 9.2.3.10. A fire escape may be erected on an existing building to provide one or more of the exit facilities described in Article 3.4.1.2. of the 1986 Building Code, provided that the fire escape does not serve floor areas above the fifth floor. Fire escape construction 9.2.3.11. (1) Each fire escape shall be constructed to comply with Article 3.4.7.13. of the 1986 Building Code, except as permitted in Article 9.2.3.18. (2) Despite Sentence (1), an existing fire escape may be approved. Emergency lighting 9.2.3.12. Emergency lighting shall comply with Article 3.2.7.3. of the 1986 Building Code. Exit signs 9.2.3.13. (1) Markings and signs for exits and access to exits shall comply with Subsection 3.4.5. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing markings and signs may be approved. 9.2.3.14. In buildings over 2 storeys in building height, any part of an exit ramp or stair that continues past the exit door at ground level to a basement shall be clearly marked by a sign indicating that it does not lead to an exit. Separation of exits 9.2.3.15. (1) Where an exit stairway, an escalator or a moving walkway serves as a required exit, it shall be separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with Sentence 3.4.4.1.(1) of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Doors in fire separations required in Sentence (1) shall be equipped with self-closing devices. (3) An existing fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min with closures having a fire-protection rating not less than 45 min is deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (4) Existing wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames are acceptable in fire separations required by this Article. Exits through lobbies 9.2.3.16. (1) Exits through a lobby area shall comply with the requirements of Clauses 3.4.4.1.(7)(c) to (f) of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), there may be more than one exit through a lobby area if there is at least one alternate exit not through the lobby or an occupied space that is capable of serving at least 50% of the occupant load and that leads directly to the outside. Ancillary rooms 9.2.3.17. (1) Storage rooms, refuse storage rooms and laundry rooms that open directly into an exit stairway shall be sprinklered and separated from the exit stairway by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Other rooms that open directly into an exit stairway shall be separated from the exit stairway by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), existing rooms opening directly into an exit stairway may be approved. 9.2.3.18. (1) Openings adjacent to fire escapes shall comply with Sentence 3.4.7.13.(5) of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Existing openings are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if each opening is sprinklered and the sprinkler system complies with Article 9.2.5.2. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), existing openings may be approved. Subsection 9.2.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm systems 9.2.4.1. (1) Fire alarm and detection systems shall be installed in compliance with Subsection 3.2.4., excluding Article 3.2.4.7., of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing fire alarm systems may be approved where the system reliability and performance will not increase the risk of life safety. Subsection 9.2.5. Suppression Access for fire fighting 9.2.5.1. (1) Access routes for fire fighting shall comply with Sentence 3.2.5.2.(1) of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where the building is sprinklered. (3) Access routes that do not comply with Sentence (1) may be approved where available fire department equipment has access to the building or alternative provisions are made under Subsection 2.8.2. for such access. Sprinkler systems 9.2.5.2. (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), sprinkler systems shall comply with Article 3.2.5.5. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) An existing sprinkler system is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the average sprinkler discharge density over the design area is at least equal to the minimum density corresponding to the area for the hazard classification as defined in Table 9.2.5.A. (3) Where buildings with a ceiling height in excess of 9 m are required to be sprinklered, the design of the system shall be approved prior to installation. (4) The water supply requirements for an existing sprinkler system shall be based on (a) the hazard classification, as determined in Table 9.2.5.A., and (b) the minimum sprinkler discharge density, area of application and sprinkler spacing, as determined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, that corresponds to the hazard classification determined under Clause (a). (5) Clause (4)(b) does not apply to the water supply requirements for an existing sprinkler system in an arena or an exhibition hall. (6) The water supply requirements for an existing sprinkler system in an arena or an exhibition hall shall be based on the lesser area of (a) 100% of the display area, or (b) 280 m2. TABLE 9.2.5.A. Forming Part of Article 9.2.5.2. Hazard Classification* Occupancy Light Hazard Art galleries Beverage establishments Gymnasia Halls in religious establishments (excluding areas of worship) Lecture halls Museums Ordinary Hazard Group 1 Auditoria (excluding stages) Bingo halls Clubs Community halls Dance halls Lodge rooms Motion picture theatres Opera houses (excluding stages) Restaurants Television studios Theatres (excluding stages) Ordinary Hazard Group 3 Enclosed arenas Exhibition halls Stages excluded in Ordinary Hazard Group 1 *Hazard Classification is defined as per NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. SECTION 9.3 BOARDING, LODGING AND ROOMING HOUSES Subsection 9.3.1. Application and General Application 9.3.1.1.

(1) This Section applies to boarding houses, lodging houses, rooming houses and private rest homes in which residents do not require care or treatment because of age, mental or physical limitations, where (a) the building height does not exceed 3 storeys and the building area does not exceed 600 m2, (b) lodging is provided for more than four persons in return for remuneration or the provision of services or both, and (c) lodging rooms do not have both bathrooms and kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of individual occupants. (2) This Section applies to homes for special care within the meaning of the Homes for Special Care Act or to homes that form part of the Community Homes for Opportunity program established by the Ministry of Health, where (a) the building height does not exceed 3 storeys and the building area does not exceed 600 m2, (b) sleeping accommodation is provided for more than three but not more than 10 residents, and (c) residents do not require nursing care. (3) For the purposes of this Section, “house” means a detached house, a semi-detached house or a row house used exclusively for boarding, lodging or rooming accommodation; “row house” means a residential structure which (a) is one of a group of three or more horizontally attached residential structures, and (b) is separated vertically from one or two of the other structures by common walls which do not provide for internal access from the living space in one structure to another; “semi-detached house” means a residential structure which (a) is one of two horizontally attached residential structures, and (b) is separated vertically from the other residential structure by a common wall which does not provide for internal access from the living space in one structure to the other. Exemption for MCSS residences and hotels 9.3.1.2. (1) Subject to Sentence 9.3.1.1.(2), this Section does not apply to residential occupancies that are regulated under the Ministry of Community and Social Services Act. (2) This Section does not apply to a building or part of a building regulated under Section 9.9. Definitions 9.3.1.3. For the purposes of this Section, “1986 Building Code” means Ontario Regulation 419/86, as it read on February 11, 1987; “existing” means in existence on February 11, 1987. Subsection 9.3.2. Containment 9.3.2.1. Fire separations required by this Section to have a fire-resistance rating shall comply with Subsection 9.10.3. of the 1986 Building Code. Floor assemblies 9.3.2.2. (1) Floor assemblies shall (a) be constructed as fire separations, and (b) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (2) Existing floor assemblies with ceilings consisting of lath and plaster, gypsum board or noncombustible materials are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Basement fire separations 9.3.2.3. Where a basement does not contain a bedroom, recreation room, meeting room or hobby room, a fire separation having no fire-resistance rating between the basement and first storey is deemed to be in compliance with Clause 9.3.2.2.(1)(b). Walls separating bedrooms 9.3.2.4. (1) Each guest room or suite of rooms shall have interior walls having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (2) Existing wall assemblies consisting of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum wallboard are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Furnace room separations 9.3.2.5. (1) In a building where the building height is greater than 2 storeys or the building area is greater than 400 m2, a furnace room that is located on a floor area that contains a bedroom, recreation room, meeting room or hobby room shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Existing fire separations consisting of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) Where the required vertical fire separation in a furnace room is maintained and it is not practical in the circumstances to construct the ceiling as a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min, the furnace room area shall be sprinklered. (a) with a spacing that does not exceed 9.5 m2 per sprinkler, and (b) so that the sprinklers provide a minimum average density of 6.5L/min/m2 over the furnace room area. (4) Closures in fire separations for a furnace room shall have a fire-protection rating not less than 45 min. (5) A hollow metal or kalamein door and frame are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (4). (6) Closures referred to in Sentences (4) and (5) shall be equipped with latches and self-closing devices. (7) Despite Sentence (1), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required in ducts at penetrations of a fire separation. Combustion air 9.3.2.6. Where a furnace room is separated to comply with the requirements of Article 9.3.2.5., sufficient combustion air shall be brought directly from the exterior for the proper combustion and safe operation of the appliance. Subsection 9.3.3. Means of Egress Number of exits 9.3.3.1. (1) Each floor area shall be served by at least two exits. (2) Where sleeping accommodation is not provided for more than 10 persons, one exit from each of the first and second floor floor areas is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) Where sleeping accommodation is not provided in the basement, one exit from the basement is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Acceptable exits 9.3.3.2. (1) Exits required by Article 9.3.3.1. shall comply with the requirements of Articles 9.9.2.2. and 9.9.2.3. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence 9.3.3.5.(1), not more than one required exit from the basement may lead through the first floor floor area. (3) Where sleeping accommodation is not provided for more than 10 persons, corridors that are contiguous to a stairway may form part of the stairway enclosure. (4) Only one stairway enclosure described in Sentence (3) may be used as an exit. (5) Where a fire escape of the type referred to in Article 9.3.3.4. is used as an exit, it is deemed to comply with the requirements of Articles 9.9.2.2. and 9.9.2.3. of the 1986 Building Code. 9.3.3.3. Despite Articles 9.3.3.1. and 9.3.3.2., alternative measures may be approved where, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, they will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Articles 9.3.3.1. and 9.3.3.2. Fire escapes 9.3.3.4. (1) Each fire escape used as an exit shall be constructed in compliance with Article 3.4.7.13., excluding Sentences (4) and (5), of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing fire escapes may be approved. (3) Access to fire escapes shall be from corridors. Protection of exits 9.3.3.5. (1) Each exit other than a doorway opening directly onto a fire escape or to the outdoors at ground level shall be separated from the remainder of the building or from another exit by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (2) Existing exit stairways separated from the remainder of the building by walls consisting of lath and plaster or gypsum wallboard are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) Despite Sentence (1), an existing separation of noncombustible material may be approved. Interior stairways 9.3.3.6. (1) Floor separations shall be maintained at interior stairways that are not required exits. (2) The floor separation shall be maintained at an exit permitted in Sentence 9.3.3.2.(2). 9.3.3.7. Floor separations required in Article 9.3.3.6. shall be rated in accordance with Articles 9.3.2.2. and 9.3.3.5. Protection of openings in fire separations 9.3.3.8. (1) Closures in fire separations required under Article 9.3.3.5. and in floor separations required under Article 9.3.3.6. shall (a) be constructed in accordance with Article 9.10.3.1. of the 1986 Building Code, (b) have a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min, and (c) if the closure is openable, be equipped with self-closing and latching devices. (2) Closures located along contiguous corridors permitted in Sentence 9.3.3.2.(3) shall comply with Sentence (1). (3) A 45 mm solid core wood, hollow metal or kalamein door, equipped with self-closing and latching devices, is deemed to comply with Sentences (1) and (2). (4) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), frames for doors described in Sentence (3) may be of wood, hollow metal or kalamein construction. (5) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required in ducts at penetrations of a fire separation. 9.3.3.9. Existing wired glass closures set in fixed steel frames in a fire separation are deemed to be in compliance with Article 9.3.3.8. Exit signs 9.3.3.10. (1) Exit signs shall be located along a means of egress so that directions of exit travel are apparent to the occupants. (2) Exit signs required by Sentence (1) shall have the word “EXIT” in block letters and such letters shall be (a) internally or externally illuminated, (b) coloured red on an opaque or contrasting field, and (c) at least 115 mm high with a 19 mm stroke. Interior finishes 9.3.3.11. (1) The flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes within a means of egress shall not exceed 200. (2) Despite Sentence (1), the flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes of corridors and stairways shall not exceed 150. (3) Doors within corridors and stairways referred to in Sentence (2) are permitted to have a flame-spread rating of up to 200. Illumination of egress 9.3.3.12. Corridors and stairways shall be lighted to the intensity of 50 lx measured at the floor level, or 5 watts/m2 of floor area. Emergency lighting 9.3.3.13. Where sleeping accommodation is provided for more than 10 persons, emergency lighting shall be provided to corridors and stairways in accordance with Articles 9.9.11.4. and 9.9.11.5. of the 1986 Building Code. Subsection 9.3.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm requirements 9.3.4.1. (1) A building to which this Section applies that does not have floor assemblies having a minimum 45 min fire-resistance rating and public corridors or corridors serving sleeping rooms not within a dwelling unit that are not fire-separated from the remainder of the building by a minimum 30 min fire-resistance rating shall have a fire alarm system that complies with Articles 9.10.17.5. and 9.10.17.11. of the 1986 Building Code, and shall have (a) smoke alarms that comply with Sentence (2) and that are installed and interconnected so that the activation of any smoke alarm will sound a similar signal in each of the interconnected devices, or (b) fire alarm system smoke detectors installed on the ceiling of each floor adjacent to each stairway, and on the ceiling in the basement adjacent to each stairway. (2) Smoke alarms referred to in Clause (1)(a) shall (a) be installed on the ceiling in the corridor of each floor adjacent to each stairway and on the ceiling in the basement adjacent to each stairway, (b) be on a separate circuit with no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarms, and (c) employ devices and an interconnected installation that are listed. 9.3.4.2. (1) A fire alarm system complying with Articles 9.10.17.4., 9.10.17.5. and 9.10.17.11. of the 1986 Building Code shall be installed where (a) sleeping accommodation is provided for more than 10 persons, and (b) the floor assemblies have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and public corridors or corridors serving sleeping rooms not within a dwelling unit are separated from the remainder of the building by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. 9.3.4.3. Where a fire alarm system is required and sleeping accommodation is not provided for more than 14 persons, an interconnected smoke alarm system in accordance with Clause 9.3.4.1.(1)(a) is deemed to be in compliance with Article 9.3.4.2. 9.3.4.4. Despite Articles 9.3.4.1. and 9.3.4.2., existing fire alarm systems may be approved where the system reliability and performance will not increase the risk of life safety. Smoke alarms in sleeping rooms 9.3.4.5. (1) A smoke alarm shall be installed in each sleeping room. (2) Smoke alarms shall (a) be permanently connected to an electrical circuit with no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarm, or (b) be battery-operated. (3) Smoke alarms shall meet the requirements of (a) CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”, and (b) CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms”. Subsection 9.3.5. Suppression Portable extinguishers 9.3.5.1. (1) Despite the provisions of Subsection 6.2.6., at least one 2A rated portable extinguisher shall be provided on each floor. (2) At least one 5B:C rated portable extinguisher shall be installed in each kitchen where shared cooking facilities exist. SECTION 9.4 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES Subsection 9.4.1. Application and General Application 9.4.1.1. (1) This Section applies to (a) homes for special care regulated under the Homes for Special Care Act or that form part of the Community Homes for Opportunity program established by the Ministry of Health in which sleeping accommodation is provided for more than 10 residents, (b) long-term care homes regulated under the Fixing Long-Term Care Act, 2021, (c) private hospitals regulated under the Private Hospitals Act, or (d) public hospitals regulated under the Public Hospitals Act. (2) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 337. Definitions 9.4.1.2. For the purposes of this Section, “1986 Building Code” means Ontario Regulation 419/86, as it read on February 11, 1987; “existing” means in existence on February 11, 1987. Subsection 9.4.2. Containment Construction 9.4.2.1. (1) Fire separations required under this Section to have a fire-resistance rating shall comply with Subsection 3.1.5. and Articles 3.1.6.1., 3.1.6.2. and 3.1.6.3. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) If a fire-resistance rating of 1 h or less is required, existing wall assemblies, floor assemblies and ceilings and their supporting assemblies are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they consist of lath and plaster or gypsum board. (3) Heavy timber construction that complies with Article 3.1.4.4. of the 1986 Building Code is deemed to have a 45 min fire-resistance rating. (4) Buildings with limited combustible components may be approved as noncombustible construction. (5) Floor assemblies shall be constructed as fire separations with fire-resistance ratings in accordance with this Subsection. Combustible construction up to 2 storeys 9.4.2.2. (1) Buildings of combustible construction shall comply with the provisions of Sentence (2) where the building is (a) 1 storey in building height and not greater than 1000 m2 in building area, or (b) 2 storeys in building height and not greater than 500 m2 in building area. (2) Floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Despite Sentence (2), where the building is sprinklered, a fire-resistance rating is not required for floor assemblies or for walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies. Combustible construction up to 4 storeys 9.4.2.3. (1) Buildings of combustible construction shall comply with the provisions of Sentences (2) and (3) where the building is (a) not more than 1 storey in building height and not greater than 2400 m2 in building area, (b) not more than 2 storeys in building height and not greater than 1600 m2 in building area, or (c) not more than 4 storeys in building height and not greater than 500 m2 in building area. (2) Floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Despite Sentence 9.4.4.2.(2), smoke detectors shall be provided in bedrooms, corridors, lounges and sitting areas. (4) A building that is sprinklered is deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (2) and (3). All other buildings 9.4.2.4. (1) Buildings not described in Articles 9.4.2.2. and 9.4.2.3. shall (a) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min for floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies, and (b) be sprinklered, where the building is of combustible construction. (2) If only the roof assembly of a building is of combustible construction, the building is deemed to comply with Clause (1)(b) if (a) the top storey and attic space are sprinklered, or (b) the ceiling membrane has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and the attic space is fire stopped in accordance with Article 3.1.9.3. of the 1986 Building Code. Fire separations between occupancies 9.4.2.5. (1) Fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h shall be provided between occupancies regulated under this Section and other major occupancies. (2) Fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if (a) the building is sprinklered and the sprinkler system complies with Article 9.4.5.2., or (b) the part of the building containing the other major occupancy is equipped with heat detectors and connecting corridors are equipped with smoke detectors as part of the fire alarm system of the building. (3) Existing wall or floor assemblies consisting of masonry or membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Fire separations between bedrooms and corridors 9.4.2.6. (1) Bedrooms or compartments containing related rooms shall be separated from adjacent rooms by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Corridors serving bedrooms shall be separated from adjacent rooms, except sitting areas, lounges, nurses stations and washrooms, by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Where the floor area is sprinklered, an existing fire separation is deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). (4) A fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min is deemed to comply with Sentences (1) and (2) if (a) smoke detectors are installed in bedrooms, sitting areas, lounges and corridors serving bedrooms on the floor area, and (b) heat detectors are installed in other rooms opening onto corridors serving bedrooms. Safe areas of refuge 9.4.2.7. (1) Floor areas containing rooms or areas used by the residents shall be separated into at least two zones by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Each zone required in Sentence (1) shall (a) contain at least one acceptable exit, and (b) be able to accommodate, in addition to its own occupants, the occupants of the adjacent zone, based on the requirements of 0.5 m2 of clear floor space per person, 1.6 m2 per person in a wheelchair, and 2.4 m2 for each bedridden patient as the occupancy requires. (3) A fire separation is not required under Sentence (1) where (a) the travel distance between exits does not exceed 9 m and the number of occupants on the floor area is not more than 10 persons, or (b) the floor area is served by exterior exit doors leading directly to the outside. Protection of openings in fire separations 9.4.2.8. (1) Closures in fire separations shall comply with the requirements of Sentences 3.1.6.4.(2), 3.1.6.7.(1) and 3.1.6.8.(1) and Article 3.1.6.9. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Openings in a fire separation that is required to have a 30 min fire-resistance rating shall be protected with closures that have a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min. (3) Where Sentences (1) and (2) require (a) a 1.5 h fire-protection rating, existing hollow metal doors, with or without wired glass panels not exceeding 645 cm2, equipped with self-closing devices and existing hollow metal frames are deemed to be in compliance, (b) a 45 min fire-protection rating, existing hollow metal or kalamein doors, with or without wired glass, equipped with self-closing devices and existing hollow metal frames are deemed to be in compliance, (c) a 45 min fire-protection rating, existing wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames are deemed to be in compliance, or (d) a 20 min fire-protection rating, existing 45 mm solid core wood doors equipped with self-closing devices and existing solid wood frames are deemed to be in compliance. (4) Existing doors to bedrooms not conforming to Sentences (1) to (3) may be approved. (5) Despite Sentence (1), and except as permitted in Article 9.4.2.9., door assemblies required to have a 20 min fire-protection rating shall be equipped with self-closing devices. (6) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required in ducts at penetrations of an existing fire separation. Latches on bedroom doors 9.4.2.9. Where a door to a bedroom is not equipped with a self-closing device, a latch that can hold the door in the closed position shall be installed. Fuel-fired appliance service rooms 9.4.2.10. (1) Fuel-fired appliances shall be enclosed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to a fuel-fired appliance that serves only one bedroom. (3) Despite Sentence (1), where the required vertical fire separation to a service room is provided and it is not practical in the circumstances to construct the ceiling as a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min, the service room area shall be sprinklered (a) with a spacing that does not exceed 9.5 m2 per sprinkler, and (b) so that the sprinklers provide a minimum average density of 6.5L/min/m2 over the furnace room area. Combustion air 9.4.2.11. Where a furnace room is separated to comply with the requirements of Article 9.4.2.10., sufficient combustion air shall be brought directly from the exterior for the proper combustion and safe operation of the appliance. Transformer vaults 9.4.2.12. A transformer vault shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. Vertical service spaces 9.4.2.13. (1) Vertical service spaces shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Where openings in the vertical service space, including the top and bottom, are sealed with noncombustible materials having the same fire-resistance rating as the existing construction, the vertical service space is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Refuse and linen chutes 9.4.2.14. (1) Automatic sprinklers shall be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels in each linen or refuse chute and in the room or bin into which the chute discharges. (2) An existing linen chute installation is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the room into which the linen chute discharges is sprinklered and at least one sprinkler head is installed at the top of the linen chute. (3) Each room into which a linen or refuse chute discharges shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. Incinerator rooms 9.4.2.15. Incinerators shall be enclosed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. Subsection 9.4.3. Means of Egress Access to exits 9.4.3.1. (1) Bedrooms or compartments containing related rooms on a floor area shall have a doorway leading to an interior corridor where it shall be possible to go in opposite directions to each of two separate exits. (2) Access to exits through a dead end corridor is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the number of persons served does not exceed 10 persons, and (b) the travel distance does not exceed 6 m plus the width of the dead end corridor, to a point where a choice of two directions of exit travel is available. (3) Where a bedroom or a compartment containing related rooms is served by an exit door leading directly to the outside or to an exterior passageway, a doorway leading to an interior corridor served by one exit is deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). (4) Where a dead end corridor does not satisfy the travel distance as described in Sentence (2), the existing corridor is deemed to be in compliance where additional fire protection measures are provided that are approved. Number of exits 9.4.3.2. Each floor area used by patients or residents shall be served by not fewer than two exits. Stairway separations 9.4.3.3. (1) Each exit stairway shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Closures in stairway fire separations shall conform to Article 9.4.2.8. Door swing 9.4.3.4. (1) Each exit door shall open in the direction of exit travel and swing on its vertical axis. (2) Existing door swing arrangements not in conformance with Sentence (1) may be approved. Exit signs 9.4.3.5. (1) Signs for exits and access to exits shall comply with the requirements of Article 3.4.5.1. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing signs may be approved. Fire escapes 9.4.3.6. (1) A fire escape shall not be erected on an existing building unless it is not practical in the circumstances to provide one or more exit facilities, described under Article 3.4.1.2. of the 1986 Building Code, and provided that the fire escape does not serve floor areas above the second floor. (2) A fire escape permitted under Sentence (1) shall be constructed to comply with the requirements of Article 3.4.7.13. of the 1986 Building Code, except that the fire escape shall not be less than 1100 mm in width when serving floor areas with non-ambulatory residents. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), an existing fire escape may be approved. Emergency lighting 9.4.3.7. Emergency lighting shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.2.7.3. of the 1986 Building Code. Subsection 9.4.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm requirements 9.4.4.1. A fire alarm and detection system shall be installed in each building. 9.4.4.2. (1) Fire alarm and detection systems shall comply with the requirements of Subsection 3.2.4. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), in buildings constructed prior to December 1, 1983, heat detectors may be installed in bedrooms, corridors and stair shafts to satisfy the 1986 Building Code, except where other detection is required by Sentences 9.4.2.3.(3), 9.4.2.5.(2) or 9.4.2.6.(4). (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), where the Chief Fire Official is satisfied that the performance and reliability of an existing fire alarm system will provide an adequate early warning level, the existing system may remain, be modified or be extended, provided compatibility of components is maintained. Signals to fire department 9.4.4.3. (1) Each fire alarm system shall be connected to the fire department headquarters by (a) a direct connection, provided the fire department has the necessary facilities to accept such a connection, or (b) a central station or proprietary control station. (2) Where the provisions required in Sentence (1) are not available, a procedure for notifying the fire department shall be approved. Shutdown of air handling systems 9.4.4.4. (1) Recirculating air handling systems that serve more than 1 storey or more than one zone as described in Sentence 9.4.2.7.(1) shall be arranged to shut down upon actuation of the fire alarm system. (2) In buildings greater than 6 storeys in building height, air handling systems serving more than 1 storey or more than one zone as described in Article 9.4.2.7. shall be arranged to shut down upon actuation of the fire alarm system, except where continued operation of the air handling system serves as part of a smoke control system. Subsection 9.4.5. Suppression Access for fire fighting 9.4.5.1. (1) Access routes for fire fighting shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Article 3.2.5.2. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where the building is sprinklered. (3) Access routes that do not comply with Sentence (1) may be approved where available fire department equipment has access to the building or alternative provisions are made under Subsection 2.8.2. for such access. Sprinkler systems 9.4.5.2. (1) Sprinkler systems shall be designed in conformance with Article 3.2.5.5. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), water supply requirements for sprinkler systems required in this Section may be based on (a) the operation of at least three sprinkler heads spaced not to exceed 14.4 m2 per head, and (b) a sprinkler discharge rate of not less than 100 L/min at any single operating sprinkler head for a duration of 30 min. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), existing sprinkler systems providing adequate protection may be approved. Firefighters’ elevators 9.4.5.3. (1) In buildings greater than 6 storeys in building height, at least one elevator shall be provided for use by firefighters. (2) An elevator is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the elevator is capable of providing transportation from the street floor to each floor normally served by the elevator system, (b) the elevator is identified on the street floor as an elevator for use by firefighters, (c) the elevator satisfies the requirements of Article 3.2.6.3. of the 1986 Building Code, and (d) other elevator cabs in the same shaft as the elevator for use by firefighters satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.3.(1) and (2) of the 1986 Building Code. Voice communication systems 9.4.5.4. (1) In buildings greater than 6 storeys in building height, a voice communication system shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Article 3.2.4.16. of the 1986 Building Code. (2) A public address system compatible with the fire safety plan required under Subsection 2.8.2. is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Sprinkler systems 9.4.5.5. (1) Buildings containing a home described in Clause 9.4.1.1.(1)(a) or (b) that is a care occupancy or a care and treatment occupancy shall be sprinklered in conformance with Sentences (2) to (5) and the sprinkler system shall be installed (a) throughout the building, or (b) where the building is only partially occupied by the home, on those storeys of the building that are occupied by the home. (2) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”. (3) In buildings not greater than 6 storeys in building height, sprinkler systems may be installed in accordance with NFPA 13R, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height”. (4) Sprinkler systems shall be equipped with local electric waterflow alarms. (5) If a fire pump is required by NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 20, “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection”, if it has a rated net head pressure greater than 280 kPa. (6) Buildings described in Sentence (1) that are sprinklered in conformance with Article 9.4.5.2. on January 1, 2014 are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (7) Despite Clause (1)(b), installation of a sprinkler system is not required for those storeys containing a home where the home occupies no more than 10% of the floor area of the storey. SECTION 9.5 BUILDINGS UP TO AND INCLUDING 6 STOREYS IN BUILDING HEIGHT WITH RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.5.1. Application and General Application 9.5.1.1. (1) This Section applies to buildings up to and including 6 storeys in building height with residential occupancies and containing (a) more than two dwelling units where (i) at least two dwelling units share common exit facilities and have interior access to one another, (ii) there is at least one dwelling unit located above another with interior access to one another, or (iii) there is at least one dwelling unit located above another and the dwelling units share common exit facilities, (b) sleeping accommodation for more than 10 persons, in one or more dormitories, or (c) boarding, lodging or rooming accommodation for more than four persons where Sections 9.3 and 9.4 do not apply. (d) Revoked: O. Reg. 87/25, s. 69 (1). (2) Despite Sentence (1), if a building that is governed by this Section contains, in addition to its residential occupancies, one or more other occupancies that are not governed by any other Section of this Part, this Section does not apply to the fire safety systems, devices and structural elements of the other occupancies that do not affect the life safety of the residential occupancy. (3) If a building that is governed by this Section contains, in addition to its residential occupancies, one or more other occupancies that are governed by other Sections of this Part, the fire safety systems, devices and structural elements of the other occupancies governed by those Sections shall comply with the requirements of this Part that provide the greatest protection for life safety. (4) For the purposes of this Section, a self-contained living unit that consists of boarding, lodging or rooming accommodation for four or fewer persons, and includes both bathroom and kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of persons residing in the unit, shall be deemed to be a dwelling unit. Exemption for convents, monasteries and hotels 9.5.1.2. (1) This Section does not apply to convents and monasteries. (2) This Section does not apply to a building or part of a building regulated under Section 9.9. Definitions 9.5.1.3. For the purposes of this Section, “1990 Building Code” means Ontario Regulation 413/90, as it read on October 9, 1992; “existing” means in existence on October 9, 1992. Subsection 9.5.2. Containment Construction 9.5.2.1. (1) Fire separations required under this Section to have a fire-resistance rating shall comply with Subsection 3.1.7. and Articles 3.1.8.1., 3.1.8.2., 3.1.8.3. and 3.5.4.2. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) If a fire-resistance rating of 1 h or less is required, existing wall assemblies, floor assemblies, ceilings and their supporting assemblies, consisting of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board, are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (3) Heavy timber construction that complies with Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1990 Building Code is deemed to have a 45 min fire-resistance rating. (4) Buildings with limited combustible components may be approved as noncombustible construction. (5) Floor assemblies shall be constructed as fire separations with fire-resistance ratings that comply with Articles 9.5.2.2. to 9.5.2.5. (6) Sentence (5) does not apply to floor assemblies between different levels of the same multi-level dwelling unit. Buildings up to 3 storeys 9.5.2.2. (1) Buildings shall comply with the requirements of Sentence (2) where the building is (a) not more than 1 storey in building height and not greater than 1200 m2 in building area, (b) not more than 2 storeys in building height and not greater than 900 m2 in building area, or (c) not more than 3 storeys in building height and not greater than 600 m2 in building area. (2) Floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (3) Where sleeping accommodation, recreation rooms, meeting rooms or hobby rooms are not provided in the basement, an existing fire separation between the first storey and basement is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2) where (a) the basement is sprinklered, or (b) the building contains not more than four dwelling units and provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, and (i) interconnected smoke alarms are installed in accordance with Article 9.5.4.4., (ii) doors connecting the basement and first storey are in compliance with Sentence 9.5.2.8.(4), and (iii) fire stopping of the wall space at the basement level is in accordance with Article 9.10.15.3. of the 1990 Building Code. (4) The water supply for the sprinklers referred to in Clause (3)(a) may be taken from the domestic supply where the supply provides sufficient density for the largest fire compartment and where the supply is approved. Deemed compliance 9.5.2.3. (1) Buildings are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 9.5.2.2.(2) where (a) the building is sprinklered, or (b) the building is 1 storey in building height and is not greater than 600 m2 in building area. Buildings up to 4 storeys 9.5.2.4. (1) Buildings to which Sentence 9.5.2.2.(1) does not apply and which are not more than 4 storeys in building height shall comply with Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Smoke detectors shall be provided as fire detectors in public corridors serving dwelling units in buildings of combustible construction. (4) A building that is sprinklered is deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (2) and (3). Buildings over 4 storeys 9.5.2.5. (1) Buildings that are more than 4 storeys in building height shall (a) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min for floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies, and (b) be sprinklered, where the building is of combustible construction. (2) Where only the roof assembly is of combustible construction, the building is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(b) where (a) the ceiling membrane has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and the attic space is fire stopped in accordance with Article 3.1.11.5. of the 1990 Building Code, (b) the roof assembly is of heavy timber construction in accordance with Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1990 Building Code, or (c) the top storey and attic space are sprinklered. (3) Where smoke detectors are provided in public corridors, a building of heavy timber construction conforming to Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1990 Building Code is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Fire separation between occupancies 9.5.2.6. (1) Fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h shall be provided between residential occupancies and other major occupancies. (2) Existing fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if (a) the building is sprinklered and the sprinkler system complies with Article 9.5.5.3., or (b) the part of the building containing the other major occupancy is equipped with heat detectors and connecting corridors are equipped with smoke detectors as part of the fire alarm system of the building. (3) Existing fire separations consisting of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Fire separations between dwelling units and corridors 9.5.2.7. (1) Each dwelling unit and sleeping room not within a dwelling unit shall be separated from adjacent rooms and areas by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (2) Public corridors shall be separated from adjacent rooms and areas by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (3) If the floor area is sprinklered, existing fire separations are deemed to comply with Sentences (1) and (2). Protection of openings in fire separations 9.5.2.8. (1) Closures in fire separations shall be in accordance with Sentences 3.1.8.4.(2), 3.1.8.10.(1) and 3.1.8.11.(1) and Article 3.1.8.13. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Openings in a fire separation that is required to have a 30 min fire-resistance rating shall be protected with closures having a 20 min fire-protection rating. (3) If a 45 min fire-protection rating is required, existing closures are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they consist of (a) hollow metal or kalamein doors in hollow metal frames, with openings, if any, protected by wired glass, and equipped with self-closing devices, or (b) wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames. (4) Where a 20 min fire-protection rating is required, existing closures consisting of 45 mm solid core wood doors installed in solid wood or hollow metal frames and equipped with self-closing devices are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). (5) Existing closures in fire separations to which Article 9.5.2.6. or Article 9.5.2.7. applies are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2) where (a) the floor area is sprinklered, or (b) interconnected smoke alarms are installed in accordance with Article 9.5.4.4., the building has not more than four dwelling units and the building provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons. (6) Despite Sentence (1), closures in fire separations to which Article 9.5.2.7. applies do not require self-closing devices, except as required in Sentences 9.5.3.1.(2) and 9.5.3.3.(3). (7) Existing operable transoms and glass lights shall be fixed shut and shall meet the fire-protection rating requirements of Sentences (1) and (2). (8) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required in existing noncombustible ducts at penetrations of fire separations. Storage rooms 9.5.2.9. (1) Storage rooms for the use of occupants, not contained within a dwelling unit or suite, (a) shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and (b) shall be (i) sprinklered, or (ii) subdivided into areas not exceeding 150 m2 by fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and equipped with fire detectors connected to the fire alarm system. (2) Existing storage rooms are deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(b) where the building (a) contains not more than four dwelling units, or (b) provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons. (3) Existing storage rooms are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where sleeping rooms are not located on the same floor as the storage rooms and (a) the building contains not more than four dwelling units, or (b) provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons. Fuel-fired appliance service rooms 9.5.2.10. (1) Fuel-fired appliances shall be enclosed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min if the building height is greater than 2 storeys or the building area is greater than 400 m2. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to a fuel-fired appliance that serves only one dwelling unit or suite. (3) Despite Sentence (1), the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation above the service room is not required where (a) the required vertical fire separation to a service room is provided, and (b) the service room area is sprinklered (i) with a spacing not exceeding 9.5 m2 per sprinkler head, and (ii) so that the sprinklers provide a minimum average density of 6.5 L/min/m2 over the room area. Combustion air 9.5.2.11. Where a service room is separated in accordance with Article 9.5.2.10., sufficient combustion air shall be brought directly from the outside for the proper combustion and safe operation of the appliances. Incinerator and refuse storage rooms 9.5.2.12. (1) Incinerator rooms and refuse storage rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Refuse storage rooms shall be sprinklered (a) with a spacing that does not exceed 9.5 m2 per sprinkler, and (b) so that the sprinklers provide a minimum average density of 6.5 L/min/m2 over the refuse storage room area. Vertical service spaces 9.5.2.13. (1) Vertical service spaces shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating equivalent to that required for the floor assemblies within the building in accordance with Articles 9.5.2.2. to 9.5.2.5. (2) Where openings in the vertical service space, including the top and bottom, are sealed with noncombustible materials having the same fire-resistance rating as the existing construction, the vertical service space is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Refuse and linen chutes 9.5.2.14. (1) Each room into which a linen or refuse chute discharges shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in each linen or refuse chute (a) at the top, (b) at alternate floor levels, and (c) in the room or bin into which the chute discharges. (3) Where the room into which the linen or refuse chute discharges is sprinklered and at least one sprinkler head is installed at the top of the chute, an existing chute installation is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). (4) Despite Sentence 9.5.2.1.(1), a closure is not required at the opening between a linen or refuse chute and the room into which it discharges. Storage garages 9.5.2.15. A storage garage shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. Subsection 9.5.3. Means of Egress Access to exits 9.5.3.1. (1) Each dwelling unit or suite in a floor area shall have a doorway leading to (a) the outside at or near grade, (b) an outside passageway where it is possible to go in opposite directions to separate exits, or (c) a public corridor where it is possible to go in opposite directions to separate exits. (2) Access to exits through a dead end public corridor is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(c) where (a) the distance along the dead end does not exceed 6 m plus the width of the corridor, measured from any door along the corridor to a point where a choice of two directions of exit travel is available, and (b) self-closing devices are provided on suite entrance doors opening onto the dead end portion of the corridor. (3) Access to exits through a dead end corridor in boarding, lodging or rooming accommodation is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(c) where (a) the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height, (b) sleeping accommodation is provided for not more than 10 persons, (c) not more than two persons require assistance to evacuate the building in a fire emergency, (d) smoke alarms are installed in the means of egress in accordance with Sentence 9.5.4.1.(2), and (e) the building complies with the requirements of Section 2.8. (4) Existing dead end public corridors are deemed to be in compliance with Clause (2)(a) where additional fire protection measures are approved that, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Clause (2)(a). (5) Despite Sentence (1), if a dwelling unit or suite has access to a second and separate exit or the building complies with Sentence 9.5.3.2.(2) or (3), a doorway from the dwelling unit or suite may open onto (a) an exit stairway, (b) a fire escape, (c) a public corridor served by a single exit, or (d) an outside passageway served by a single exit stairway. Number of exits 9.5.3.2. (1) Each floor area shall be served by a minimum of two exits. (2) A single exit from a basement, first or second floor is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height and is not greater than 600 m2 in building area and (a) the exit does not serve more than four dwelling units, or (b) the exit does not serve more than 10 persons.

(3) Where a building is not more than 3 storeys in building height and not greater than 600 m2 in building area, alternative measures to Sentence (1) may be used if they are approved, and in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Sentence (1). Stairway separations 9.5.3.3. (1) Each exit stairway shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) If the building is 3 storeys or less in building height, a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min is deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (3) Closures in stairway fire separations referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be equipped with self-closing devices. Door swing 9.5.3.4. Where the occupant load in a building exceeds 24 persons or there are more than 10 dwelling units, each exit door, except those serving a single dwelling unit, shall open in the direction of exit travel and swing on its vertical axis. Exit signs 9.5.3.5. (1) Each exit door, except for the main entrance to a building, dwelling unit or suite, shall have an exit sign when the exit serves (a) a building exceeding 2 storeys in building height, (b) a building having an occupant load greater than 150 persons, or (c) a floor area other than a single dwelling unit with a fire escape as part of a means of egress. (2) Where exit signs are not visible throughout the corridors and passageways, additional exit signs shall be installed in approved locations to indicate the direction of egress. (3) Exit signs required in Sentences (1) and (2) shall have (a) the word “EXIT” or the words “EXIT/SORTIE” in red letters on a contrasting background or white letters on a red background, (b) letters with strokes at least 19 mm wide, (c) letters at least 150 mm high when the signs are externally illuminated, and (d) letters at least 114 mm high when the signs are internally illuminated. Interior finishes 9.5.3.6. (1) Flame-spread ratings of interior wall and ceiling finishes within a means of egress shall not exceed 150. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing interior wall and ceiling finishes within an access to exit may be approved if, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, they will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Sentence (1). Fire escapes 9.5.3.7. (1) Each fire escape used as an exit shall comply with Articles 3.4.7.2., 3.4.7.3., 3.4.7.5. and 3.4.7.6. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) If a fire escape serves any storey above the second floor, doorway openings and window openings shall be protected in accordance with Sentences (3) and (4) if located (a) within 3 m horizontally of any balcony, platform or stairway of the fire escape, (b) within 3 storeys below or 10 m below any balcony, platform or stairway of the fire escape, or (c) within 1.8 m above any balcony, platform or stairway of the fire escape. (3) Doorway openings referred to in Sentence (2) shall be protected with closures having a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min and equipped with self-closing devices. (4) Window openings referred to in Sentence (2) shall be protected with (a) closures having a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min and that are fixed shut or arranged to close automatically upon the operation of a fusible link, (b) wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames, (c) glass block, or (d) listed steel shutters arranged to close automatically upon the operation of a fusible link. (5) The fusible link referred to in Clauses (4)(a) and (d) shall comply with ULC-S505, “Standard for Fusible Links for Fire Protection Service”. (6) The wired glass screens and glass block referred to in Clauses (4)(b) and (c) shall be installed in accordance with Article 3.1.8.14. of the 1990 Building Code. Lighting 9.5.3.8. Public corridors and stairways that form part of a means of egress shall be adequately illuminated to allow for the safe evacuation of occupants. Emergency lighting 9.5.3.9. (1) Emergency lighting shall be provided in exit stairways, public corridors and other principal access to exits where the occupant load in a building exceeds 24 persons or there are more than 10 dwelling units. (2) Emergency lighting required in Sentence (1) shall be (a) designed to provide illumination for a duration of at least 30 min, (b) supplied by a source of energy separate from the primary electrical supply for the building, and (c) designed to be automatically actuated when the power to the building is interrupted. (3) Illumination from emergency lighting shall be an average of at least 10 lx at floor or tread level, or 1 watt/m2 of floor space. Subsection 9.5.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm requirements 9.5.4.1. (1) A fire alarm system shall be installed in accordance with Articles 3.2.4.2. to 3.2.4.6., 3.2.4.8., 3.2.4.9. and 3.2.4.17. and Sentences 3.2.7.8.(1) to (4) of the 1990 Building Code, where (a) the building is greater than 3 storeys in building height, or (b) sleeping accommodation is provided for more than 10 persons. (2) A building not greater than 3 storeys in building height that contains not more than 10 dwelling units and provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 24 persons is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the building is equipped with (a) smoke alarms in accordance with Article 9.5.4.4., installed and interconnected so that the actuation of any smoke alarm will sound a similar signal in each of the interconnected devices, and (b) a manual pull station at each exterior exit door for the actuation of the smoke alarms in Clause (a). (3) A building is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) each exit and public corridor is shared by not more than four dwelling units or not more than 10 persons in boarding, lodging, rooming or dormitory accommodation, or (b) each dwelling unit and suite has direct access to outdoors by a door near ground level. Non-electric fire alarm systems 9.5.4.2. (1) Existing manually operated, non-electric alarm systems employing mechanical gongs are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 9.5.4.1.(1), where (a) the building is not more than 2 storeys in building height, (b) not more than two manual fire alarm stations are required in the building, and (c) each gong is audible in every location in the building. Automatic detection 9.5.4.3. (1) Automatic detection devices referred to in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be installed and connected to the fire alarm system required in Sentence 9.5.4.1.(1). (2) Fire detectors shall be installed in storage rooms, locker rooms, service rooms, machinery rooms, heating rooms, incinerator rooms, linen and refuse chute intake compartments, janitors’ closets and refuse storage rooms, at the tops of elevator shafts and exit stair shafts and in any room or area where hazardous or combustible materials may be used or stored. (3) Rooms or areas that are sprinklered in accordance with Article 3.2.4.16. of the 1990 Building Code are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). Interconnected smoke alarms 9.5.4.4. (1) Interconnected smoke alarms required in Sentence 9.5.4.1.(2), Subclause 9.5.2.2.(3)(b)(i) or Clause 9.5.2.8.(5)(b) shall be (a) installed on or near the ceiling in public corridors of each floor area, adjacent to each stairway serving the public corridor and on or near the ceiling in the basement, adjacent to each stairway, (b) audible throughout the suites, (c) connected to an electrical circuit with no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarms, and (d) listed for use in an interconnected installation. Smoke alarms 9.5.4.5. (1) Smoke alarms shall be installed in each dwelling unit and in each sleeping room not within a dwelling unit in accordance with Article 3.2.4.21. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Battery-operated smoke alarms are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 3.2.4.21.(4) of the 1990 Building Code. (3) Smoke alarms shall meet the requirements of (a) CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”, and (b) CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms”. (4) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 372 (2). Existing fire alarm systems 9.5.4.6. Despite Articles 9.5.4.1. to 9.5.4.4., where the performance and reliability of an existing fire alarm system will provide an adequate early warning level, the existing system may remain, be modified or be extended, if compatibility of the components is maintained and the system is approved. Subsection 9.5.5. Suppression Access for fire fighting 9.5.5.1. (1) Access routes for fire fighting shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.5. to 3.2.5.7. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where the building is sprinklered. Standpipe systems 9.5.5.2. (1) A standpipe and hose system in accordance with Articles 3.2.9.1. to 3.2.9.7. of the 1990 Building Code shall be installed in buildings more than 4 storeys in building height where the fifth or sixth storey is used for a residential occupancy. (2) A wet or dry standpipe system is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where it includes (a) a 50 mm riser and 50 mm extensions, (b) capped 38 mm hose valves located so that any point on the floor area may be reached by 30 m of hose plus 3 m of hose stream from at least one hose valve, (c) a fire department connection in accordance with Sentences 3.2.9.5.(2) to (9) of the 1990 Building Code, and (d) a water supply in accordance with Sentences 3.2.9.3.(1) to (3) of the 1990 Building Code. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), existing standpipe systems and water supplies may be used if the systems or measures will provide sufficient fire suppression capability in the circumstances and if the systems or measures are approved. Sprinkler systems 9.5.5.3. (1) Where a building or portion thereof is required to be sprinklered, the sprinkler system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Articles 3.2.5.13. to 3.2.5.16. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Existing sprinkler systems are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) if the average sprinkler discharge density over the design area is at least equal to the minimum density corresponding to the area for light hazard classification as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, or NFPA 13R, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height”, whichever is applicable. (3) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), existing sprinkler systems providing adequate protection that will control or extinguish fire and that are approved may be used. SECTION 9.6 BUILDINGS HIGHER THAN 6 STOREYS IN BUILDING HEIGHT WITH RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.6.1. Application and General Application 9.6.1.1. (1) This Section applies to buildings higher than 6 storeys in building height with residential occupancies and containing (a) more than two dwelling units, (b) sleeping accommodation for more than 10 persons in one or more dormitories, or (c) boarding, lodging or rooming accommodation for more than 10 persons. (2) Despite Sentence (1), if a building containing a residential occupancy that is governed by this Section contains, in addition to its residential occupancies, one or more other occupancies that are not governed by this Part, this Section does not apply to the fire safety systems, devices or structural elements of any of the other occupancies that do not affect the life safety of the residential occupancy. (3) If a building that is governed by this Section contains, in addition to its residential occupancies, one or more other occupancies that are governed by other Sections of this Part, the fire safety systems, devices and structural elements of all of the occupancies governed by this Part shall comply with the requirements of this Part that provide the greatest protection for life safety. (4) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 375. Exemption for convents, monasteries and hotels 9.6.1.2. (1) This Section does not apply to convents and monasteries. (2) This Section does not apply to a building or part of a building regulated under Section 9.9. Definitions 9.6.1.3. For the purposes of this Section, “1990 Building Code” means Ontario Regulation 413/90, as it read on October 9, 1992; “existing” means in existence on October 9, 1992. Subsection 9.6.2. Containment Construction 9.6.2.1. (1) Fire separations required under this Section to have a fire-resistance rating shall comply with Subsection 3.1.7. and Articles 3.1.8.1., 3.1.8.3., and 3.5.4.2. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) If a fire-resistance rating of 1 h or less is required, existing wall assemblies, floor assemblies and their supporting assemblies are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they consist of (a) reinforced concrete, (b) masonry, (c) clay tile with plaster or gypsum board finish on both sides, or (d) membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board. Floor assemblies 9.6.2.2. (1) Floor assemblies shall be fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (3) Sentences (1) and (2) do not apply to floor assemblies between different levels of the same multi-level dwelling unit. Combustible construction 9.6.2.3. (1) Buildings of combustible construction shall be sprinklered. (2) Where only the roof assembly is of combustible construction, the building is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the ceiling membrane has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and the attic space is fire stopped in accordance with Article 3.1.11.5. of the 1990 Building Code, (b) the roof assembly is of heavy timber construction in accordance with Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1990 Building Code, or (c) the top storey and attic space are sprinklered. Fire separations between occupancies 9.6.2.4. (1) Fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h shall be provided between residential occupancies and other major occupancies. (2) Existing fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if the other major occupancy is sprinklered. Fire separations between dwelling units and corridors 9.6.2.5. (1) Each dwelling unit and sleeping room not within a dwelling unit shall be separated from adjacent rooms and areas by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Public corridors shall be separated from adjacent rooms and areas by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Existing fire separations having less than a 45 min fire-resistance rating are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2) where the floor area is sprinklered. (4) Existing fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min are deemed to comply with Sentences (1) and (2) if smoke detectors are installed in public corridors. Protection of openings in fire separations 9.6.2.6. (1) Closures in fire separations shall be in accordance with Sentences 3.1.8.4.(2), 3.1.8.10.(1) and 3.1.8.11.(1) and Articles 3.1.8.13. and 3.3.4.5. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Openings in fire separations required to have a 30 min fire-resistance rating shall be protected with closures having a 20 min fire-protection rating. (3) Where a 1.5 h fire-protection rating is required, existing closures consisting of hollow metal or kalamein doors in hollow metal frames, with openings, if any, protected by wired glass panels not exceeding 645 cm2, and equipped with self-closing and latching devices are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (4) Where a 1 h or 45 min fire-protection rating is required, existing closures are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where they consist of (a) hollow metal or kalamein doors in hollow metal frames, with openings, if any, protected by wired glass, and equipped with self-closing and latching devices, or (b) wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames. (5) Where a 20 min fire-protection rating is required, or in a fire separation required under Article 9.6.2.5., existing closures consisting of 45 mm solid core wood doors installed in solid wood or hollow metal frames and equipped with self-closing and latching devices are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). (6) Where the floor area is sprinklered, existing closures in fire separations to which Article 9.6.2.5. applies are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2) and Sentences 3.1.8.4.(2) and 3.1.8.10.(1) of the 1990 Building Code. (7) Despite Sentence (1), garbage intake room doors that swing inward shall be acceptable without a latching device. (8) Existing operable transoms and glass lights shall be fixed shut and shall meet the fire-protection rating requirements of Sentences (1) and (2). (9) Despite Sentences (1) and (2), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required in existing noncombustible ducts at penetrations of fire separations. Storage rooms 9.6.2.7. (1) Storage rooms for the use of occupants, not contained within a dwelling unit or suite, shall be (a) separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and (b) sprinklered in accordance with Article 9.6.5.5. (2) Despite Clause (1)(b), existing sprinkler systems or alternate fire protection systems that will control or extinguish fire and that are approved may be used. Fuel-fired appliance service rooms 9.6.2.8. (1) Fuel-fired appliances shall be enclosed in a service room separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to fuel-fired appliances that serve only one dwelling unit or suite. Incinerator rooms 9.6.2.9. (1) Incinerator rooms shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. (2) A fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h is deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if the incinerator room is sprinklered. Combustion air 9.6.2.10. Where a service room is separated in accordance with Article 9.6.2.8., sufficient combustion air shall be brought directly from the outside for the proper combustion and safe operation of the appliances. Refuse storage rooms 9.6.2.11. (1) Refuse storage rooms shall be (a) separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and (b) sprinklered to provide a minimum average density of 6.5 L/m2 over the room area. Vertical service spaces 9.6.2.12. (1) Vertical service spaces shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Where openings in the vertical service space, including the top and bottom, are sealed with noncombustible materials having the same fire-resistance rating as the existing construction, the vertical service space is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Refuse and linen chutes 9.6.2.13. (1) Each room into which a linen or refuse chute discharges shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in each linen or refuse chute (a) at the top, (b) at alternate floor levels, and (c) in the room or bin into which the chute discharges. (3) An existing chute installation is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2) where (a) the chute outlet in the discharge room is protected by an automatic, self-latching closure held open by a fusible link, (b) the room into which the chute discharges is sprinklered, and (c) at least one sprinkler head with a minimum discharge rate of 66 L/min is located at the top of the chute. Transformer vaults 9.6.2.14. Transformer vaults to which the Electricity Act, 1998 applies shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h and shall be provided with heat detectors connected to the fire alarm system. Storage garages 9.6.2.15. (1) A storage garage shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1.5 h. (2) Underground storage garages shall be sprinklered. (3) Sentence (2) does not apply to an underground storage garage that is equipped with heat detectors connected to the fire alarm system and that has vestibules located at points of access to the residential occupancy. Smoke control measures 9.6.2.16. (1) Buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 18 m shall have smoke control measures in accordance with Article 3.2.6.2. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Buildings are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) all dwelling units have access to an exterior balcony, (b) the length of public corridors does not exceed 30 m between exits, (c) public corridors on each floor area are equipped with smoke detectors connected to the fire alarm system, (d) public corridors on each floor area are subdivided in accordance with Sentence (3), or (e) the building is fully sprinklered. (3) The public corridor subdivision referred to in Clause (2)(d) shall (a) separate the corridor into at least two compartments by a fire separation, (b) be located so that no more than one of the required exit stairs is located in any one compartment and the distance of travel from any suite entrance door to an exit or adjacent compartment does not exceed 25 m, and (c) include smoke-tight doors equipped with self-closing devices that act as closures in the fire separation. Subsection 9.6.3. Means of Egress Access to exits 9.6.3.1. (1) Each dwelling unit or suite in a floor area shall have a doorway leading to (a) the outside at or near grade, (b) an outside passageway where it is possible to go in opposite directions to separate exits, or (c) a public corridor where it is possible to go in opposite directions to separate exits. (2) Access to exits through a dead end public corridor is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(c) where the distance of travel, measured from any door along the corridor to a point where a choice of two directions of exit travel is available, does not exceed 6 m plus the width of the corridor. (3) Existing dead end public corridors are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2) where additional fire protection measures are approved that, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Sentence (2). (4) Despite Sentence (1), if a dwelling unit or suite has access to a second and separate exit, a doorway from the dwelling unit or suite may open onto (a) an exit stairway, (b) a public corridor served by a single exit, or (c) an outside passageway served by a single exit stairway. Number of exits 9.6.3.2. (1) Each floor area shall be served by a minimum of two exits. (2) The minimum distance between exits shall be 9 m or half the maximum diagonal dimension of the floor area, whichever is less. Travel distance 9.6.3.3. (1) The travel distance to at least one exit shall not exceed (a) 30 m in a floor area that is not sprinklered, or (b) 45 m in a sprinklered floor area. Stairway separations 9.6.3.4. (1) Each exit stairway shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1h. (2) Closures in stairway fire separations shall be in accordance with Article 9.6.2.6. Door swing 9.6.3.5. Each exit door, except those serving a single dwelling unit, shall open in the direction of exit travel and swing on its vertical axis. Exit signs 9.6.3.6. (1) Exit signs shall be installed in accordance with Subsection 3.4.5. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Each door opening into an exit stairway from a public corridor shall be identified on the stairway side with the number assigned to that floor in accordance with Article 3.4.6.17. of the 1990 Building Code. Interior finishes 9.6.3.7. (1) Flame-spread ratings of interior wall and ceiling finishes within a means of egress shall be in accordance with Article 3.1.13.7. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing interior wall and ceiling finishes within an access to exit may be approved if, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, they will provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Sentence (1). Lighting 9.6.3.8. Public corridors and stairways that form part of a means of egress shall be adequately illuminated to allow for the safe evacuation of occupants. Emergency lighting 9.6.3.9. (1) Emergency lighting shall be provided in exit stairways, public corridors and other principal access to exits. (2) Emergency lighting required in Sentence (1) shall be (a) designed to provide illumination for a duration of at least (i) 2 h in buildings whose highest floor level is more than 18 m above grade, and (ii) 30 min in buildings whose highest floor level is not more than 18 m above grade, (b) supplied by a source of energy separate from the primary electrical supply for the building, and (c) designed to be automatically actuated when the power to the building is interrupted. (3) Illumination from emergency lighting shall be an average of at least 10 lx at floor or tread level, or 1 watt/m2 of floor space. Subsection 9.6.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm requirements 9.6.4.1. (1) A fire alarm and detection system shall be installed in each building in accordance with Articles 3.2.4.1. to 3.2.4.14., 3.2.4.16. to 3.2.4.20., 3.2.4.22. and 3.2.7.8. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) An existing fire alarm system is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the system (a) complies with Articles 9.6.4.2. to 9.6.4.9., and (b) operates in accordance with Article 3.2.4.4. of the 1990 Building Code. Automatic detection 9.6.4.2. (1) Automatic detection devices referred to in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be installed and connected to the fire alarm system required in Sentence 9.6.4.1.(2). (2) Fire detectors shall be installed in storage rooms, locker rooms, service rooms, machinery rooms, heating rooms, incinerator rooms, linen and refuse chute intake compartments, janitors’ closets and refuse storage rooms, at the tops of elevator shafts and exit stair shafts and in any room or area where hazardous or combustible materials may be used or stored. (3) Rooms or areas that are sprinklered in accordance with Article 3.2.4.16. of the 1990 Building Code are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). Manual pull stations 9.6.4.3. Manual pull stations shall be provided in accordance with Article 3.2.4.17. of the 1990 Building Code. Electrical supervision 9.6.4.4. (1) The fire alarm system shall be electrically supervised. (2) Despite Sentence (1), electrical supervision of the bell circuits is not required where bells operate on more than one circuit on each floor. Annunciator panels 9.6.4.5. (1) An annunciator panel shall (a) be located at the main street entrance to the building or a location that is accessible to the fire department and that is approved, and (b) indicate all floors with not more than one floor per zone indicated. (2) Despite Clause (1)(b), existing annunciator zone indication that is compatible with the fire safety plan required under Subsection 2.8.2. and that is approved may be used. Signals to the fire department 9.6.4.6. Fire alarm systems in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 18 m shall have provision for notifying the fire department in accordance with Sentences 3.2.4.7.(1) to (4) of the 1990 Building Code that a fire alarm signal or alert signal has been initiated. Voice communication systems 9.6.4.7. (1) A voice communication system shall be provided where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 36 m. (2) The voice communication system required by Sentence (1) shall (a) consist of loudspeakers operated from the central alarm and control facility or other location that is accessible to the fire department and supervisory staff required under Subsection 2.8.2. and that is approved, (b) provide a clear verbal signal throughout the building, except for within elevator cars, and (c) provide for automatic silencing of the fire alarm devices when the loudspeakers are in use. (3) Approved existing public address systems compatible with the fire safety plan required under Subsection 2.8.2. and capable of communicating instructions to the building occupants are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). Emergency power 9.6.4.8. Fire alarm and voice communication systems shall be provided with an electrically supervised emergency power supply in accordance with Article 3.2.7.8. of the 1990 Building Code. Shutdown of air handling systems 9.6.4.9. Recirculating air handling systems that serve more than one dwelling unit, suite or storey shall be equipped with a duct-type smoke detector that will automatically shut down the system upon actuation of the smoke detector. Smoke alarms 9.6.4.10. (1) Smoke alarms shall be installed in each dwelling unit and in each sleeping room not within a dwelling unit in accordance with Article 3.2.4.21. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Battery-operated smoke alarms are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 3.2.4.21.(4) of the 1990 Building Code. (3) Smoke alarms shall meet the requirements of (a) CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”, and (b) CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms”. (4) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 393 (2). Subsection 9.6.5. Suppression Access for fire fighting 9.6.5.1. (1) Access routes for fire fighting shall be provided in accordance with Articles 3.2.5.5. to 3.2.5.7. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where the building is sprinklered. Standpipe systems 9.6.5.2. (1) A standpipe and hose system in accordance with Subsection 3.2.9. of the 1990 Building Code shall be installed in each building. (2) A wet or dry standpipe system is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the system includes (a) a minimum 150 mm diameter riser located in each stairwell, with 38 mm and 65 mm capped fire hose valves at each storey, (b) capped 38 mm fire hose valves located in the public corridor so that any point on a floor area may be reached by 30 m of hose plus 3 m of hose stream from at least one hose valve, (c) flow rates as required by Clauses 3.2.9.3.(4)(b) and (c) of the 1990 Building Code for buildings less than 84 m in height, measured between grade and the ceiling level of the top storey, (d) flow rates as required by Clause 3.2.9.3.(5)(b) of the 1990 Building Code for buildings 84 m or more in height, measured between grade and the ceiling level of the top storey, and (e) a water supply in accordance with Sentences 3.2.9.3.(1) and (2) of the 1990 Building Code. (3) An existing standpipe and hose system capable of delivering a minimum flow rate of 265 L/min for at least 30 min at a minimum discharge pressure of 345 kPa (gauge) at the two highest and most remote hose valves is deemed to be in compliance with Clauses (2) (a), (c), (d) and (e) if not less than 132 L/min can be supplied from each of the two outlets simultaneously. (4) Emergency power shall be provided for a standpipe system that is designed with at least one pressure zone located above another, such that the water supply for the booster pump in the upper zone must be supplied from the pump in the zone below. Fire department connections 9.6.5.3. (1) A fire department connection in accordance with Sentences 3.2.9.5.(2) to (9) of the 1990 Building Code shall be provided. (2) Despite Sentence (1), a fire department connection is not required where a booster pump equipped with emergency power is provided. (3) Despite Sentence (1), existing fire department connections that are visible and accessible to the fire department and that are approved may be used. Hydrants 9.6.5.4. (1) Hydrants shall be located within 90 m of the building face on which the principal entrance is located. (2) A hydrant located within 45 m of a fire department connection, as required by Sentence 9.6.5.3.(1), is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) Despite Sentence (1), existing hydrant locations that provide sufficient fire suppression capability in the circumstances and that are approved may be used. Sprinkler systems 9.6.5.5. (1) Where a building or portion thereof is required to be sprinklered, the sprinkler system shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Articles 3.2.5.13. to 3.2.5.16. of the 1990 Building Code. (2) Existing sprinkler systems in which the average sprinkler discharge density over the design area is at least equal to the minimum density corresponding to the area for light hazard classification as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Firefighters’ elevators 9.6.5.6. (1) At least one elevator shall be provided for use by firefighters in accordance with Articles 3.2.6.8. and 3.2.6.9. of the 1990 Building Code in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 18 m. (2) An elevator is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the elevator is capable of providing transportation from the street floor to every floor served by the elevator system, (b) the elevator is identified on the street floor as an elevator provided for use by firefighters, (c) the elevator satisfies the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) to (4) of the 1990 Building Code, and (d) other elevator cabs in the same shaft as the elevator for use by firefighters satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) and (2) of the 1990 Building Code. (3) An elevator system that requires transfer from one elevator to another to reach all floors above grade is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the elevators are identified on the street floor and the transfer floor as elevators provided for firefighters’ use, (b) the elevators satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) to (4) of the 1990 Building Code, (c) emergency power is provided capable of operating one elevator car at a time, in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 36 m, and (d) other elevator cabs in the same shaft as the elevator for use by firefighters satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) and (2) of the 1990 Building Code. Emergency power supply 9.6.5.7. (1) Emergency electric power shall be provided in accordance with Articles 3.2.7.5. and 3.2.7.8. of the 1990 Building Code if the power is provided for (a) fire alarm and detection systems referred to in Sentence 9.6.4.1.(1) and Article 9.6.4.8., (b) booster pumps serving standpipe systems referred to in Sentences 9.6.5.2.(4) and 9.6.5.3.(2), and (c) elevators referred to in Clause 9.6.5.6.(3)(c). (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing emergency electric power generators that will provide reliable and sufficient electric power and that are approved may be used. SECTION 9.7 BUILDINGS WITH A CARE OCCUPANCY OR RETIREMENT HOME Subsection 9.7.1. Application and General Application 9.7.1.1. (1) This Section applies to buildings containing a care occupancy or retirement home. (2) Despite Sentence (1), this Section does not apply to a building or part of a building that is a home or hospital regulated by Section 9.4. (3) Despite Sentence (1), if a building containing a care occupancy or retirement home also contains one or more other occupancies that are not governed by this Part, this Section does not apply to the fire safety systems, devices and structural elements of any of the other occupancies that do not affect the life safety of the care occupancy or retirement home. Conflict 9.7.1.2. (1) In the event of a conflict between this Section and any other Section of this Part that applies to a care occupancy or retirement home, this Section prevails. (2) If a building containing a care occupancy or retirement home also contains one or more other occupancies that are governed by other Sections of this Part, the fire safety systems, devices and structural elements of all the occupancies governed by this Part shall comply with the requirements that provide the greatest protection for life safety. Additional requirements 9.7.1.3. (1) In addition to the requirements of this Section, (a) a building not greater than 6 storeys in building height shall comply with Subsections 9.5.2. to 9.5.5., and (b) a building greater than 6 storeys in building height shall comply with Subsections 9.6.2. to 9.6.5. (2) Clause (1) (a) does not apply to a building not greater than 3 storeys in building height that provides sleeping accommodation for not more than four persons. Definitions 9.7.1.4. For the purposes of this Section, “1990 Building Code” means Ontario Regulation 413/90, as it read on October 9, 1992; “existing” means in existence on January 1, 2014. Subsection 9.7.2. Containment Self-closing devices 9.7.2.1. (1) Doors opening onto corridors that are access to exits and that serve resident suites, and resident sleeping rooms not within suites, in care occupancies and retirement homes shall be equipped with self-closing devices. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply (a) in buildings 3 storeys or less in building height that provide sleeping accommodation for 10 or fewer persons, and (b) in buildings where all of the corridors referred to in Sentence (1) are subdivided in accordance with Sentence (3). (3) The corridor subdivision referred to in Clause (2)(b) shall (a) subdivide the corridor into at least two zones using fire separations that contain smoke-tight doors equipped with self-closing devices that act as closures, (b) be arranged so that each subdivided corridor zone is able to accommodate, in addition to its own occupants, the occupants from any single adjacent zone, based on the requirements of 1.6 m2 per person, unless otherwise approved, and (c) be arranged so that the travel distance from any point in a subdivided corridor zone to an adjacent zone is no more than 15 m. Subsection 9.7.3. Means of Egress Emergency lighting 9.7.3.1. (1) Emergency lighting shall be provided in exit stairways, public corridors and other principal access to exits. (2) The emergency lighting shall be (a) designed to provide illumination for a duration of at least 30 min, (b) supplied by a source of energy that is separate from the primary electrical supply for the building, and (c) designed to be automatically activated when the power to the building is interrupted. (3) The emergency lighting shall provide illumination that is at least an average of 10 1x at floor or tread level or at least 1 watt / m2 of floor space. (4) Sentence (1) does not apply in buildings 3 storeys or less in building height that provide sleeping accommodation for 10 or fewer persons. Subsection 9.7.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire signal to fire department 9.7.4.1. (1) Fire alarm systems shall have provision for notifying the fire department in accordance with Article 3.2.4.7. of the 1990 Building Code that a fire alarm signal or alert signal has been activated. (2) Fire alarm systems equipped with a monitoring service that complies with CAN/ULC-S561, “Standard for Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems” are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (3) Sentence (1) does not apply to buildings equipped with an interconnected smoke alarm system. Sprinkler signal to fire department 9.7.4.2. (1) Sprinkler systems required by this Section shall have provision for notifying the fire department in accordance with Article 3.2.4.7. of the 1990 Building Code that the sprinkler system has been activated. (2) Sprinkler systems equipped with a monitoring service that complies with CAN/ULC-S561, “Standard for Installation and Services for Fire Signal Receiving Centres and Systems” are deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (3) Sentence (1) does not apply where the fire alarm system or interconnected smoke alarm system has provision for notifying the fire department in accordance with Article 3.2.4.7. of the 1990 Building Code that a fire alarm signal or alert signal has been activated. Smoke alarms 9.7.4.3. (1) A smoke alarm shall be installed in each suite and in each sleeping room not within a suite. (2) Smoke alarms shall be installed with permanent connections to an electrical circuit and shall have no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarm. (3) Battery-operated smoke alarms are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). (4) Smoke alarms required in Sentence (1) shall conform to CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”. (5) Smoke alarms required in Sentence (1) shall be installed in accordance with CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms”. (6) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 399 (2). (7) A smoke detector that is installed in each suite and in each sleeping room not within a suite is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) if it is connected to a fire alarm system. Voice communication systems 9.7.4.4. (1) A voice communication system conforming to Article 3.2.4.22. of the 1990 Building Code shall be provided in every building where a floor area that is more than 18 metres above grade contains a care occupancy or a retirement home. (2) A voice communication system is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) if it (a) consists of loudspeakers operated from, (i) the central alarm and control facility, or (ii) another location that is accessible to the fire department and supervisory staff required under Subsection 2.8.2. and that is approved, (b) provides a clear verbal signal throughout the building, except within elevator cars, and (c) provides for automatic silencing of the fire alarm devices when the loudspeakers are in use. (3) A public address system capable of providing a clear verbal signal throughout the building, though not within elevator cars, is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Subsection 9.7.5. Suppression Sprinkler systems 9.7.5.1. (1) An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems” (a) in each building, or (b) where a building is only partially occupied by a care occupancy or retirement home, on those storeys of the building that are occupied by the care occupancy or retirement home. (2) Despite Sentence (1), in a building not greater than 3 storeys in building height that provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, a sprinkler system may be installed in accordance with NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes”, except that the minimum quantity of available water shall be adequate for a demand duration of at least 20 minutes if stored water is used as the sole water supply source. (3) Despite Sentence (1), in a building not greater than 6 storeys in building height, a sprinkler system may be installed in accordance with NFPA 13R, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to and Including Four Stories in Height”. (4) An existing sprinkler system that provides an average sprinkler discharge density over a design area that is equal to the minimum density corresponding to the area for light hazard classification as defined in NFPA 13, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (5) Sprinkler systems shall be equipped with local electric waterflow alarms. (6) If a fire pump is required by NFPA 13 or NFPA 13R, it shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 20, “Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection”, if it has a rated net head pressure greater than 280 kPa. (7) Sentences (1) to (6) do not apply to a building not greater than 3 storeys in building height that provides sleeping accommodation for not more than four persons, if the building is equipped with smoke alarms that comply with Article 9.5.4.4. and that are interconnected so that the activation of any smoke alarm will sound a similar signal in each of the interconnected smoke alarms. (8) Despite Clause (1)(b), installation of a sprinkler system is not required for those storeys containing the care occupancy or retirement home if the care occupancy or retirement home occupies not more than 10% of the floor area of the storey. SECTION 9.8 TWO UNIT RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES Subsection 9.8.1. Application and General Application 9.8.1.1. (1) This Section applies to a detached house, semi-detached house or row house containing two residential units, if (a) the building is 3 storeys or less in building height, (b) the building area does not exceed 600 m2, and (c) one residential unit or a portion of a residential unit is situated above another residential unit or two residential units side by side share a common interior means of escape. (2) For the purposes of this Section, a self-contained living unit that consists of boarding, lodging or rooming accommodation for four or fewer persons, and includes both bathroom and kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of persons residing in the unit, shall be deemed to be a residential unit. Definitions 9.8.1.2. (1) For the purposes of this Section, “1994 Building Code” means Regulation 61 of the Revised Regulations of Ontario, 1990, as it read on July 14, 1994; “existing” means in existence on July 14, 1994; “row house” means a residential structure which (a) is one of a group of three or more horizontally attached residential structures, and (b) is separated vertically from one or two of the other structures by common walls which do not provide for internal access from the living space in one structure to another; “semi-detached house” means a residential structure which (a) is one of two horizontally attached residential structures, and (b) is separated vertically from the other residential structure by a common wall which does not provide for internal access from the living space in one structure to the other. Subsection 9.8.2. Containment General requirements for fire separations 9.8.2.1. (1) Fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating by this Section shall comply with Article 9.10.3.1. of the 1994 Building Code or the corresponding compliance alternatives in Part 11 of the 1994 Building Code. (2) Except as permitted in Article 9.8.2.5., a wall or floor assembly required to be a fire separation shall be constructed as a continuous barrier against the spread of fire. (3) Where a 30 min fire-resistance rating is required, existing wall assemblies and floor assemblies consisting of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (4) Where a 15 min fire-resistance rating is required, existing wall assemblies and floor assemblies consisting of membranes of plaster board with a plaster skim coat are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Fire separations between residential units 9.8.2.2. (1) Subject to Article 9.8.2.3., each residential unit shall be separated from other rooms and areas by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min or shall comply with Sentence (2) or (3).

(2) Subject to Article 9.8.2.3., each residential unit shall be separated from other rooms and areas by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 15 min and be equipped with interconnected smoke alarms that comply with Article 9.8.4.1. (3) Existing fire separations are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where the detached house, semi-detached house, or row house is sprinklered in accordance with Article 9.8.5.1. Alternative protection for ceilings 9.8.2.3. (1) The fire-resistance rating of the fire separation above a room containing a fuel-fired appliance is not required where the room is sprinklered (a) with a spacing not exceeding 9.5 m2 per sprinkler, and (b) so that a minimum average sprinkler discharge density of is provided 6.5 L/min/m2 over the room area. Combustion air 9.8.2.4. Where a room containing a fuel-fired appliance is enclosed to satisfy other provisions of this Section in a manner that restricts the supply of combustion air, sufficient combustion air shall be brought directly from the outside for the proper combustion and safe operation of the appliance. Protection of openings in fire separations 9.8.2.5. (1) Openings in fire separations required by Sentences 9.8.2.2.(1) and (2) and 9.8.3.3.(1) shall be protected with closures conforming to Articles 9.10.13.2. and 9.10.13.10. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), existing 45 mm solid core wood, hollow metal or kalamein doors equipped with self-closing devices, installed in hollow metal or solid wood frames, are acceptable. (3) Despite Sentence (1), fire dampers or fire stop flaps are not required in ducts at penetrations of a fire separation. Subsection 9.8.3. Means of Egress Requirements for means of escape 9.8.3.1. Each residential unit shall be provided with a means of escape conforming to Article 9.8.3.2., 9.8.3.3., 9.8.3.4. or 9.8.3.5. One means of escape 9.8.3.2. (1) Each residential unit shall be served by at least one means of escape consisting of a door that (a) serves only that residential unit, (b) opens directly to the exterior from that residential unit, and (c) has direct access to ground level. (2) Where a residential unit is served by only one means of escape, the flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes of hallways and stairways leading to the means of escape shall not exceed 150. (3) Doors within hallways and stairways referred in Sentence (2) are permitted to have a flame-spread rating of up to 200. 9.8.3.3. (1) Each residential unit shall have direct access to at least one means of escape that may be shared if (a) the means of escape is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min, (b) the flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes within the means of escape does not exceed 150, and (c) the means of escape does not involve entering another residential unit or other occupancy and leads directly to the exterior with direct access to ground level. (2) Where a means of escape provided by Sentence (1) serves a residential unit situated entirely on the third storey, the detached house, semi-detached house or row house shall be equipped with interconnected smoke alarms conforming to Article 9.8.4.1. Two means of escape 9.8.3.4. (1) Each residential unit shall be served by at least two means of escape arranged in such a manner that (a) one means of escape shall be through a door which may lead through another residential unit, and (b) the second means of escape shall be through a window if (i) the window conforms to Sentence (2) or (3), and (ii) the detached house, semi-detached house or row house is equipped with interconnected smoke alarms conforming to Article 9.8.4.1. (2) A window may serve as a second means of escape if (a) the sill is not more than 1 m above or below the adjacent ground level, (b) the window can be opened from the inside without the use of tools, (c) the window has an individual, unobstructed open portion having a minimum area of 0.38 m2 with no dimension less than 460 mm, (d) the sill height does not exceed 900 mm above the floor or fixed steps, (e) where the window has a window-well, a clearance of at least 1 m is provided in the window-well in front of the window, and (f) where the window has a window-well, the window opens into the residential unit and does not interfere with escape. (3) A window may serve as a second means of escape if (a) the window is of a casement type, (b) the window is not less than 1060 mm high and 560 mm wide, (c) the sill of the window is not more than 900 mm above the inside floor, and (d) the sill of the window is not less than 1 m and not more than 5 m above the adjacent ground level. Existing means of escape with sprinklers 9.8.3.5. An existing means of escape, not conforming to Article 9.8.3.2., 9.8.3.3. or 9.8.3.4., is acceptable if the detached house, semi-detached house or row house is sprinklered in accordance with Article 9.8.5.1. Subsection 9.8.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Interconnected smoke alarms 9.8.4.1. (1) Interconnected smoke alarms required in Sentences 9.8.2.2.(2) and 9.8.3.3.(2) and Clause 9.8.3.4.(1)(b) shall be installed on or near the ceiling in each (a) storey within a residential unit, including every basement, and (b) shared means of escape. (2) Smoke alarms referred to in Sentence (1) shall be (a) interconnected so that the activation of any smoke alarm will sound a similar signal in each of the interconnected devices, (b) installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and on floor levels containing bedrooms or sleeping areas, the required smoke alarms shall be installed between such bedrooms and the remainder of the residential unit, such as in a hallway or corridor serving such rooms or areas, (c) connected to an electrical circuit with no disconnect switch between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarms, (d) listed for use in an interconnected installation, and (e) audible in bedrooms when the intervening doors are closed. Smoke alarms 9.8.4.2. (1) Smoke alarms shall be installed in each residential unit in accordance with Sentences 3.2.4.21.(1) to (4) of the 1994 Building Code and Sentences (4) and (5) of this Article. (2) Battery-operated smoke alarms are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence 3.2.4.21.(4) of the 1994 Building Code. (3) Smoke alarms shall meet the requirements of (a) CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”, and (b) CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms”. (4) At least one smoke alarm shall be installed on each storey of a residential unit. (5) When interconnected smoke alarms are installed in accordance with Article 9.8.4.1., the smoke alarms referred to in Sentences (1) and (4) are not required. Subsection 9.8.5. Suppression Sprinkler systems 9.8.5.1. Sprinkler protection required in this Section shall be designed and installed in conformance with NFPA 13D, “Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes”. Subsection 9.8.6. Electrical Electrical inspections required 9.8.6.1. (1) Each detached house, semi-detached house and row house regulated by this Section shall, at the discretion of the Chief Fire Official, be subjected to an inspection by the Electrical Safety Authority and inspection fees shall be paid by the owner. (2) Electrical deficiencies that pose a fire hazard identified during an inspection required by Sentence (1) shall be repaired by a Licensed Electrical Contractor licensed in accordance with the Electricity Act, 1998 and its regulations. (3) A Certificate of Acceptance from the Electrical Safety Authority for an inspection required by Sentence (1) shall be made available to the Chief Fire Official upon request. SECTION 9.9 hotels Subsection 9.9.1. Application and General Application 9.9.1.1. (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3) and (4), this Section applies to every hotel establishment. (2) Except as required in Sentence (5), this Section does not apply to a hotel establishment where every building that contains a hotel (a) is not more than 1 storey in building height, and (b) has a building area of 300 m2 or less. (3) Except as required in Sentences (5) and (6), this Section does not apply to a building or part of a building that was regulated under Section 9.2, 9.3, 9.5 or 9.6 on December 31, 2006 if the use of the building is unchanged since that date. (4) Except as required in Sentence (6), if the building contains major occupancies that operate under independent control from the hotel establishment, this Section does not apply to fire safety systems, devices and structural elements of those major occupancies that do not affect the life safety of the hotel occupants. (5) Article 9.9.4.13. applies to a building or part of a building described in Sentence (2) or (3). (6) Articles 9.9.2.9. and 9.9.2.15. apply to a building or part of a building described in Sentence (3) or (4). (7) Revoked: O. Reg. 256/14, s. 407 (2). Building audit 9.9.1.2. (1) A building audit shall be prepared and retained by the owner. (2) The building audit referred to in Sentence (1) shall identify and describe the existing building features in relation to the requirements of this Section, including (a) containment and control of a fire, including (i) fire separations, (ii) firewalls, (iii) construction assemblies, (iv) occupancy separations, (v) interior finishes, (vi) smoke control, (vii) heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, and (viii) cooking operations, (b) detection, including (i) alarm and detection systems, (ii) smoke alarms, and (iii) voice communication systems, (c) suppression, including (i) fire department access, (ii) standpipe and hose systems, (iii) sprinkler or special fire suppression systems, and (iv) firefighters’ elevators, and (d) egress, including (i) the number, type, access to, direction to, lighting for and identification of exits, (ii) fire escapes, (iii) occupant load, and (iv) emergency lighting. Definitions 9.9.1.3. For the purposes of this Section, “1994 Building Code” means Regulation 61 of the Revised Regulations of Ontario, 1990, as it read on June 23, 1994; “existing” means in existence on January 1, 2007. Subsection 9.9.2. Containment Construction 9.9.2.1. (1) Fire separations required by this Section to have a fire-resistance rating shall be in conformance with Subsection 3.1.7. and Articles 3.1.8.1., 3.1.8.2., 3.1.8.3. and 3.5.4.2. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) If a fire-resistance rating of 2 h or less is required, existing wall assemblies, floor assemblies and their supporting assemblies are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they consist of (a) reinforced concrete, (b) masonry, or (c) clay tile with plaster or gypsum board finish on both sides (3) If a fire-resistance rating of 1 h or less is required, existing wall assemblies, floor assemblies, ceilings and their supporting assemblies that consist of membranes of lath and plaster or gypsum board are deemed to be comply with Sentence (1). (4) Heavy timber construction conforming to Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1994 Building Code is deemed to have a 45 min fire-resistance rating. (5) Buildings with limited combustible components may be approved as noncombustible construction. (6) Except as permitted in Sentences (7) and (8), floor assemblies shall be fire separations. (7) Sentence (6) does not apply to floor assemblies between different levels of the same multi-level guest suite. (8) A floor assembly immediately above a crawl space is not required to be constructed as a fire separation and is not required to have a fire-resistance rating provided the crawl space is not considered as a basement in Sentence 3.2.2.5.(1) of the 1994 Building Code. Buildings up to 3 storeys 9.9.2.2. (1) Buildings shall comply with the requirements of Sentence (2), where the building is (a) not more than 1 storey in building height and not greater than 1200 m2 in building area, (b) not more than 2 storeys in building height and not greater than 900 m2 in building area, or (c) not more than 3 storeys in building height and not greater than 600 m2 in building area. (2) Floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min. (3) Where sleeping accommodation or meeting rooms are not provided in the basement, an existing fire separation between the first storey and basement is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2) where (a) the basement is sprinklered, (b) the building contains not more than four guest suites and provides sleeping accommodation for not more than 10 persons, and (i) interconnected smoke alarms are installed in conformance with Clause 9.9.4.1.(3)(c), (ii) doors connecting the basement and first storey have a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min and are equipped with self-closing and latching devices, and (iii) fire stopping of the wall space at the basement level is in conformance with Article 9.10.15.3. of the 1994 Building Code, or (c) the building is 1 storey in building height, not more than 600 m2 in building area, and (i) each guest suite has direct access to the outdoors by a door near ground level, (ii) doors connecting the basement and first storey have a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min and are equipped with self-closing and latching devices, (iii) fire stopping of the wall space at the basement level is in accordance with Article 9.10.15.3. of the 1994 Building Code, and (iv) an approved early warning system is installed consisting of fire detectors in the basement interconnected with alarm signalling devices that are audible in all guest suites. (4) The water supply for the sprinklers referred to in Clause (3)(a) may be taken from the domestic supply where the supply provides sufficient density for the largest fire compartment and where the supply is approved. (5) A building that is sprinklered is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). Buildings up to 4 storeys 9.9.2.3. (1) Buildings to which Sentence 9.9.2.2.(1) does not apply and that are not more than 4 storeys in building height shall comply with Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies shall have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (3) Smoke detectors shall be provided in corridors serving guest suites in buildings of combustible construction. (4) A building that is sprinklered is deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (2) and (3). Buildings over 4 storeys but not more than 6 storeys 9.9.2.4. (1) Buildings to which Articles 9.9.2.2. and 9.9.2.3. do not apply and that are not more than 6 storeys in building height shall (a) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min for floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies, and (b) be sprinklered, where the building is of combustible construction. (2) Where only the roof assembly is of combustible construction, the building is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(b) where (a) the ceiling membrane has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and the attic space is fire stopped in accordance with Article 3.1.11.5. of the 1994 Building Code, (b) the roof assembly is of heavy timber construction in conformance with Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1994 Building Code, or (c) the top storey and attic space are sprinklered. (3) Where smoke detectors are provided in corridors serving guest suites, a building of heavy timber construction conforming to Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1994 Building Code is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Buildings over 6 storeys 9.9.2.5. (1) Buildings that are more than 6 storeys in building height shall (a) have a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h for floor assemblies and walls, columns and arches supporting floor assemblies, and (b) be sprinklered, where the building is of combustible construction. (2) Where only the roof assembly is of combustible construction, the building is deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(b) where (a) the ceiling membrane has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min and the attic space is fire stopped in accordance with Article 3.1.11.5. of the 1994 Building Code, (b) the roof assembly is of heavy timber construction in conformance with Article 3.1.4.6. of the 1994 Building Code, or (c) the top storey and attic space are sprinklered. Adjacent buildings 9.9.2.6. (1) A building containing a hotel shall be separated from a directly connected adjacent building that does not contain a hotel by a noncombustible fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. (2) An existing wall having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2h and constructed as a fire separation is deemed to comply with Sentence (1). (3) Where the connection consists of an aboveground or underground walkway in conformance with Articles 3.2.3.20. and 3.2.3.21. of the 1994 Building Code, the building is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Interconnected floor spaces 9.9.2.7. (1) Despite Sentence 9.9.2.1.(6), a floor assembly may be penetrated by an unprotected opening between 2 contiguous storeys up to the fifth storey where (a) the building is of noncombustible construction, (b) the interconnected floor space does not contain sleeping accommodation, and (c) the required fire-resistance rating of the floor assembly is maintained. (2) Despite Sentence 9.9.2.1.(6), in a building that is not more than 3 storeys in building height and not more than 600 m2 in building area, a floor assembly is not required to be constructed as a fire separation between 2 contiguous storeys where (a) the interconnected floor space consists of the first storey and the storey next above or below, but not both, (b) the interconnected floor space is sprinklered, and (c) the sprinkler system is equipped with a water flow device and electrical supervision in conformance with Sentence 3.2.8.7.(2) of the 1994 Building Code. (3) Despite Sentence 9.9.2.1.(6), a floor assembly in a storage garage does not need to be a fire separation. (4) Interconnected floor spaces in conformance with Subsection 3.2.8. of the 1994 Building Code are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Fire separation of guest suites 9.9.2.8. (1) Guest suites shall be separated from adjacent rooms and areas on the same floor area by (a) a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min in buildings that are not more than 6 storeys in building height, and (b) a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min in buildings that are more than 6 storeys in building height. Fire separation of corridors (2) Corridors serving guest suites shall be separated from adjacent rooms and areas on the same floor area by (a) a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min in buildings that are not more than 6 storeys in building height, and (b) a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min in buildings that are more than 6 storeys in building height. (3) Existing fire separations are deemed to comply with Sentences (1) and (2) if the floor area is sprinklered. Fire separations between major occupancies 9.9.2.9. (1) Fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min shall be provided between major occupancies. (2) Existing fire separations having a fire-resistance rating not less than 30 min are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if (a) the floor area is sprinklered, or (b) the part of the building containing the major occupancy is equipped with fire detectors and connecting corridors are equipped with smoke detectors as part of the fire alarm system of the building. Protection of openings in fire separations 9.9.2.10. (1) Closures in fire separations shall be in conformance with (a) Sentences 3.1.8.4.(2) and 3.1.8.10.(1) of the 1994 Building Code, and (b) Articles 3.1.8.11. and 3.1.8.13. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) Despite Sentence (1), openings in fire separations to which Article 9.9.2.8. or 9.9.2.11. applies may be protected with closures having a fire-protection rating not less than 20 min. (3) If a fire-protection rating of 1 h or less is required, existing closures are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they consist of (a) hollow metal or kalamein doors in hollow metal frames, with openings, if any, protected by wired glass and equipped with self-closing and latching devices, or (b) wired glass screens set in fixed steel frames. (4) Where a 20 min fire-protection rating is required, existing closures consisting of door assemblies of 45 mm solid core wood doors installed in solid wood or hollow metal frames and equipped with self-closing and latching devices are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). (5) Despite Sentence (1), existing closures in fire separations to which Articles 9.9.2.8. and 9.9.3.6. apply need not be equipped with latching devices in buildings that are not more than 6 storeys in building height. (6) Where the floor area is sprinklered, existing closures in fire separations to which Article 9.9.2.8. applies are deemed to be in compliance with Clause (1)(a) and Sentence (2). (7) Fire dampers shall be installed in fire separations in conformance with Article 3.1.8.7. of the 1994 Building Code. (8) Despite Sentence (7), fire dampers are not required in existing noncombustible ducts at penetrations of fire separations. Laundry rooms, storage rooms and maintenance shops 9.9.2.11. Laundry rooms, storage rooms exceeding 0.6 m2 in area and maintenance shops shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. Fuel-fired appliances 9.9.2.12. (1) Fuel-fired appliances, except for cooking appliances, shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to a gas or oil-fired appliance installed on the roof of a building of noncombustible construction. (3) Sentence (1) does not apply to fireplaces and space heaters provided the appliance is not located in an exit or in a corridor serving as an access to exit for guest suites. (4) Despite Sentence (1), the fire-resistance rating of the fire separation above the room is not required where (a) the required vertical fire separation to the room is provided, and (b) the room area is sprinklered (i) with a spacing not exceeding 9.5 m2 per sprinkler, and (ii) so that a minimum average sprinkler discharge density of 6.5 L/min/m2 is provided over the room area. (5) Where an appliance is separated in conformance with this Article, sufficient combustion air shall be brought directly from the outside for the safe operation of the appliance. (6) If it is not practical to provide combustion air directly from the outside as required in Sentence (5), alternative means for the safe operation of the appliance may be approved. (7) Despite Sentence (1), a fire separation is not required for a fuel-fired appliance located within a guest suite and serving only that guest suite. Vertical service spaces 9.9.2.13. (1) Vertical service spaces shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Where the existing vertical service space, including the top and bottom, is sealed with gypsum board, lath and plaster or other similar noncombustible material, the vertical service space is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). Refuse and linen chutes 9.9.2.14. (1) Unless otherwise approved, linen and refuse chutes shall be located in a shaft separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Linen and refuse chutes shall terminate or discharge directly into rooms that are separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (3) In buildings more than 2 storeys in building height, automatic sprinklers shall be installed in each linen or refuse chute (a) at the top, (b) at alternate floor levels, and (c) in the room or bin into which the chute discharges. (4) An existing chute installation is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (3) where (a) the chute outlet in the discharge room is protected by an automatic, self-latching closure held open by a fusible link in buildings greater than 6 storeys in building height, (b) the room into which the chute discharges is sprinklered, and (c) at least one sprinkler head with a minimum discharge rate of 66 L/min is located at the top of the chute. Smoke control 9.9.2.15. (1) Buildings containing a hotel where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 18 m shall have smoke control measures in conformance with Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Buildings containing a hotel shall (a) have smoke control measures that prevent smoke spread from floor areas containing other occupancies to upper floor areas that contain guest suites, or (b) be sprinklered on all floor areas containing other occupancies that are located below floors that contain guest suites. (3) Buildings containing a hotel shall have smoke control measures in conformance with Article 3.2.6.2. of the 1994 Building Code. (4) A building is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (3) where (a) all guest suites have access to an exterior balcony, (b) the length of corridors serving guest suites does not exceed 30 m between exits, (c) corridors serving guest suites are equipped with smoke detectors connected to the fire alarm system, (d) corridors serving guest suites are subdivided in conformance with Sentence (5), or (e) the building is sprinklered. (5) The corridor subdivision referred to in Clause (4)(d) shall (a) separate the corridor into at least two compartments by a fire separation that does not require a fire-resistance rating, (b) be located so that not more than one of the required exit stairs is located in any one compartment and the distance of travel from any guest suite entrance door to an exit or adjacent compartment does not exceed 25 m, and (c) include smoke-tight doors equipped with self-closing devices that act as closures in the fire separation. Pipes, ducts and plenums 9.9.2.16. (1) Pipes, ducts, plenums and other equipment in heating and air handling systems shall be constructed of steel, approved noncombustible material or other approved material. (2) Insulating materials and adhesives for pipes, ducts, plenums and other components of heating and air handling systems shall be noncombustible or shall have a flame-spread rating of 25 or less or shall be of some other approved composition. (3) Where an attic space, a crawl space, a corridor ceiling space or any other concealed space is used as a plenum, the concealed space shall be lined with noncombustible material, material having a flame-spread rating of 25 or less or other approved material. 9.9.2.17. (1) A fire separation that separates an exit stairway from the remainder of the building shall not be breached by a duct or other part of an air handling system. (2) Despite Sentence (1), an exit through a lobby or other entrance area that is within a stairway separation may be breached if the stairway is separated from the entrance area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. 9.9.2.18. No stairway enclosure or corridor shall be used as a plenum to exhaust air from other areas. Cooking operations 9.9.2.19. (1) An existing cooking operation that complies with Sentences (2) to (6) is deemed to comply with Sentence 2.6.1.12.(1). (2) Cooking operations shall have an existing exhaust system which, unless otherwise approved, shall be provided with (a) a hood or other primary collection device to collect and confine all cooking vapours and residues emanating from the cooking equipment, (b) a grease filter or other means of grease extraction, (c) a duct from the hood or other primary collection device which (i) leads as directly as possible to the outside, (ii) is independent and not connected to any other ventilation system, and (iii) has adequate openings for inspection and cleaning purposes that are equipped with tight fitting doors, (d) a residue trap with provisions for cleanout at the base of each vertical riser, and (e) mechanically induced air flow of sufficient velocity to confine cooking vapours and residues to the hood or other primary collection means installed at the cooking equipment. (3) Pipes, ducts, plenums and other components of the exhaust system shall be constructed of steel, approved noncombustible material or other approved material. (4) Insulating material and adhesive used in the exhaust system shall be noncombustible or shall have a flame-spread rating of 25 or less or shall have some other approved composition. (5) The cooking operation shall be (a) located in a kitchen that is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, or (b) protected by a fixed fire protection system. (6) The fire separation referred to in Sentence (5) may contain an unprotected pass-through opening into the adjoining dining area if approved measures are provided to limit fire spread. Subsection 9.9.3. Means of Egress Occupant load 9.9.3.1. (1) The occupant load for calculation of the number and width of access to exits and exits referred to in this Section shall be determined in accordance with Subsection 3.1.16. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) The occupant load of a floor area may vary if it is used for different occupancies at different times, but the exits from the floor area shall provide the aggregate exit width prescribed in Article 9.9.3.2. for the greatest occupant load. Access to exit 9.9.3.2. (1) Each room, guest suite, podium, terrace, platform, contained open space or other area intended for occupancy shall have egress facilities leading directly to (a) a public thoroughfare, (b) an approved open space that has access to a public thoroughfare, or (c) a corridor where it is possible to go in opposite directions to separate exits, except as otherwise permitted by this Article or Article 9.9.3.3. Dead end corridors (2) Dead end corridors shall not be longer than 6 m plus the width of the corridor, unless otherwise approved. (3) Unless otherwise approved, no area may be served by a dead end corridor where (a) the area contains an assembly occupancy and its occupant load is greater than 20 persons, (b) the area is intended for storage and exceeds 200 m2, or (c) the area is intended for a use other than that described in Clauses (a) and (b) and exceeds 100 m2 in area or has an occupant load greater than 24 persons. (4) If a guest suite has access to a second exit or if a guest suite is in a building that is permitted to be served by a single exit in compliance with Article 9.9.3.3., a doorway from the guest suite may open onto (a) an exit stairway, (b) a fire escape, (c) a corridor served by a single exit, or (d) an exterior passageway served by a single exit stairway. Egress facilities (5) Each room, guest suite, podium, terrace, platform, contained open space or other area intended for occupancy shall have two egress doorways placed in such a manner that one doorway could provide egress from the room or area if the other doorway becomes inaccessible to the occupants due to a fire which might originate in the room or area where (a) the space is intended for assembly occupancy, and (i) the distance of travel to an egress door from any point in the space exceeds 15 m, or (ii) the occupant load exceeds 60 persons, (b) the space is intended for storage, and (i) exceeds 200 m2 in area, or (ii) the distance of travel to an egress door from any point in the space exceeds 23 m, or (c) the space is intended for a use other than that described in Clauses (a) and (b), and (i) exceeds 100 m2 in area, or (ii) the occupant load exceeds 60 persons. (6) Despite Sentence (5), every room containing an assembly occupancy shall be provided with at least (a) three independent well-separated egress doorways, where its occupant load is 600 persons or more, and (b) four independent well-separated egress doorways where its occupant load is 1000 persons or more. (7) Where a room or floor area is divided into individual spaces for assembly occupancy, egress through an adjacent assembly occupancy is permitted provided each space has at least one independent egress doorway in accordance with Sentence (1) and dividing walls or partitions are not more than 1.35 m in height. (8) Dividing walls or partitions in Sentence (7) may exceed 1.35 m in height if alternative provisions are approved to provide safe egress. Egress widths (9) The aggregate width of required means of egress from a floor area or portion of a floor area shall be determined by multiplying the occupant load of the area served by (a) 6.1 mm per person, for ramps with a gradient of not more than 1 in 8, doorways, corridors and passageways, or (b) 9.2 mm per person, for ramps with a gradient of more than 1 in 8 and stairs. (10) Where two or more egress doorways are required from a floor area or portion of a floor area, a sufficient aggregate width shall be provided so that the egress capacity is not reduced by more than half if any one doorway or opening is inaccessible in an emergency. (11) Despite Sentences (9) and (10), the minimum clear width of a means of egress shall be not less than (a) 1100 mm for corridors, (b) 900 mm for stairs, and (c) 750 mm for doorways, ramps and all other areas. Number of exits 9.9.3.3. (1) Each floor area shall be served by a minimum of two exits where (a) the floor area is intended for assembly occupancy, and (i) the distance of travel to an exit from any point in the space exceeds 15 m, or (ii) the occupant load exceeds 60 persons, (b) the floor area is intended for storage, and (i) exceeds 200 m2 in area, or (ii) the distance of travel to an exit from any point in the space exceeds 23 m, (c) the floor area is a basement, and (i) exceeds 200 m2 in area, or (ii) contains areas that are accessible to the public, or (d) the floor area is intended for a use other than that described in Clauses (a), (b) and (c), and (i) exceeds 100 m2 in area, or (ii) the occupant load exceeds 60 persons. (2) Despite Sentence (1), each floor area shall be served by at least two exits in buildings that are more than 3 storeys in building height. (3) Despite Sentence (1), where a building is 3 storeys in building height, the third storey shall be served by at least two exits unless approved alternative measures are used. (4) Despite Sentence (3), there may be a single exit from the third storey used solely as the residence of the hotel owner or manager. (5) The minimum distance between exits referred to in Sentences (1), (2) and (3) shall be 9 m or half the maximum diagonal dimension of the floor area, whichever is less. (6) Exits are deemed to comply with Sentence (5) if the floor area is divided by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min so that it is necessary to pass through the fire separation to travel from one exit to another exit. Exit widths 9.9.3.4. Except as provided in Sentence 9.9.3.7.(2), the width of exits shall be in conformance with Article 9.9.3.2. Travel distance 9.9.3.5. (1) The travel distance to at least one exit shall not exceed (a) 30 m in a floor area that is not sprinklered, (b) 45 m in a sprinklered floor area, or (c) 45 m in a basement that is not accessible to the public. Stairway separations 9.9.3.6. (1) Each exit stairway shall be separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min. (2) Each exit stairway shall lead directly to a public thoroughfare or to an approved open space from inside the fire separation described in Sentence (1). (3) Despite Sentence (2), one exit from a floor area may lead through a lobby if (a) the path of travel through the lobby to the outdoors at ground level is not more than 15 m, (b) a fire separation, constructed in accordance with Sentence (1), is provided between the lobby and any exit permitted by this Sentence to lead through a lobby, (c) the lobby is not located within an interconnected floor space described in Article 9.9.2.7., (d) from the interior of the exit stair that leads through the lobby, there is an unobstructed path of travel not leading through the lobby to an alternate exit such that (i) it is not necessary to travel up or down more than 1 storey to reach the alternate exit by means of a protected access to exit, or (ii) the path of travel is entirely within the same storey as the lobby and is separated from the lobby by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and (e) approved provisions are made to direct occupants to the alternate exit described in Clause (d) in the event of a fire condition in the lobby. (4) The lobby described in Sentence (3) may contain an occupancy if the required egress width is maintained and clearly delineated. (5) Despite Sentence 9.9.2.12.(3), the lobby described in Sentence (3) may contain a fireplace or a space heater. (6) Despite Sentence (2), an exit through a lobby is permitted in conformance with Article 3.4.4.2. or 9.9.8.5. of the 1994 Building Code, as applicable for the size and height of the building. Exterior stairways and fire escapes 9.9.3.7. (1) Exterior exit stairways and fire escapes shall not serve floor areas above the sixth storey. (2) Unless otherwise approved, each fire escape used as an exit and each exterior exit stairway shall comply with Articles 3.4.7.2., 3.4.7.3., 3.4.7.5. and 3.4.7.6. of the 1994 Building Code. (3) Unless otherwise approved, exterior exit stairways, fire escapes and exterior exit passageways serving any storey above the second storey or any basement below the first basement shall be protected against fire exposure from the building in accordance with Sentences (4) and (5). (4) For the purposes of Sentence (3), window openings, except first storey display windows, shall be protected by wired glass in fixed steel frames if located within 3 storeys below, within 10 m below, within 1.8 m above or within 3 m horizontally of an exterior exit stairway, fire escape or exterior exit passageway. (5) For the purposes of Sentence (3), doorways and other openings shall be protected with closures having a fire-protection rating not less than 45 min if located within 3 storeys below, within 10 m below, within 1.8 m above or within 3 m horizontally of an exterior exit stairway, fire escape or exterior exit passageway. (6) Exterior exit stairways leading across roofs shall be provided with handrails on both sides of the walkway leading to the stairway at the edge of the roof, unless otherwise approved. (7) Exterior exit stairways and fire escapes below grade shall be (a) enclosed by side walls and a roof, with a door to ground level at the upper landing, (b) provided with a roof projecting horizontally for a distance of at least 1.8 m beyond any step or landing, or (c) provided with some other approved construction or device to prevent snow from accumulating in the stairway or fire escape. (8) Sentence (3) does not apply to an exterior passageway if (a) 50% or more of the exterior side of the passageway is open to the outdoors, (b) the exterior passageway floor assembly has a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min or is of noncombustible construction, and (c) an exit stairway is provided at each end of the passageway. Door swing and hardware 9.9.3.8. Each exit door and door providing an access to exit shall be in conformance with Subsection 2.7.2. Emergency access to floor areas 9.9.3.9. Doors providing access between floor areas and exit stairs shall comply with Article 3.4.6.16. of the 1994 Building Code. Signs 9.9.3.10. (1) Exit signs shall be installed in accordance with Subsection 3.4.5. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) Each door opening into an exit stairway shall be identified with the number assigned to that floor in accordance with Article 3.4.6.17. of the 1994 Building Code. (3) Existing doors that have the floor level identified in plain legible block letters or numbers at least 114 mm high with a 19 mm stroke on both sides of the door are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). Interior finishes 9.9.3.11. (1) Interior finish materials on the walls and ceilings of exits and access to exits shall be in accordance with Subsection 3.1.13. of the 1994 Building Code, except as provided in Sentence (2) or otherwise approved. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to (a) wood or other approved materials, treated with an approved fire retardant, used on the walls of lobbies, foyers, vestibules, entrance halls and other major entrance areas, (b) combustible interior finishes, including paint, wallpaper and other interior finishes not more than 1.5 mm thick used on the walls of corridors, and (c) combustible materials that have a flame-spread rating of 150 or less used on the walls and ceilings of access to exits if the access to exits are sprinklered. 9.9.3.12. The flame-spread rating of interior wall and ceiling finishes in rooms containing an assembly occupancy shall be not more than 150. Lighting 9.9.3.13. Every exit and access to exit shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of at least 50 lx at floor level and at all points such as angles and intersections at changes of level where there are stairs and ramps. Emergency lighting 9.9.3.14. (1) Emergency lighting shall be provided in (a) exits and access to exits in buildings required to have a fire alarm system, and (b) rooms containing an assembly occupancy with an occupant load of more than 60 persons. (2) Emergency lighting required in Sentence (1) shall be (a) designed to provide illumination for a duration of at least (i) 2 h in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 18 m, and (ii) 30 min in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade is not more than 18 m, (b) supplied by a source of energy separate from the primary electrical supply for the building, and (c) designed to be automatically actuated when the power to the building is interrupted. (3) Illumination from emergency lighting referred to in Sentence (2) shall be an average of at least 10 lx at floor or tread level, or 1 watt/m2 of floor space. Subsection 9.9.4. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm requirements 9.9.4.1. (1) A fire alarm system with listed components shall be installed in each building in accordance with Articles 9.9.4.2. to 9.9.4.12. where (a) the building area is more than 600 m2, (b) the building is more than 1 storey in building height, or (c) each guest suite is not served by an exterior exit facility leading to ground level. (2) A building is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height, (b) each guest suite is served by an exterior exit facility leading to ground level, (c) each guest suite is separated from adjacent rooms by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, and (d) each guest suite is equipped with a smoke alarm. (3) A building is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the building is not more than 3 storeys in building height, (b) sleeping accommodation is provided for not more than 10 persons, and (c) the building is equipped with (i) smoke alarms on or near the ceiling in corridors serving guest suites on each floor area, adjacent to each stairway serving the corridors, and on or near the ceiling in the basement, adjacent to each stairway, and (ii) one manual pull station in each floor area in an approved location, installed and interconnected so that the actuation of any manual pull station or smoke alarm will cause all smoke alarms to operate and be audible throughout the building. Automatic detection 9.9.4.2. (1) Automatic detection devices referred to in Sentences (2), (3) and (4) shall be installed and connected to the fire alarm system required in Sentence 9.9.4.1.(1). (2) Fire detectors shall be installed (a) in every part of a building that requires a fire alarm system in Article 9.9.4.1., other than corridors, washrooms, closets in guest suites, saunas, refrigerated areas and swimming pools, (b) at the tops of elevator shafts, and (c) at the tops of exit stairs. (3) Despite Sentence (2), fire detectors are not required in existing guest suites where smoke detectors are installed in every corridor serving the guest suites. (4) Rooms or areas that are sprinklered in accordance with Article 3.2.4.16. of the 1994 Building Code are deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (2). Manual pull stations 9.9.4.3. (1) Unless otherwise approved, manual pull stations shall be installed at (a) the main reception area, and (b) near every exit. (2) Despite Sentence (1), a manual pull station may serve two exits where (a) the exits are not more than 9 m apart, (b) the exits are located on the same storey, and (c) the manual pull station is readily accessible and visible from each exit. (3) A manual pull station shall be (a) red in colour, (b) readily accessible and unobstructed, (c) readily visible, and (d) unless otherwise approved, installed at a height not less than 1.2 m and not more than 1.5 m, measured vertically from the finished floor surface. Alarm signalling devices 9.9.4.4. (1) Alarm signalling devices shall be (a) installed on all storeys, unless otherwise approved, (b) located so that the alarm signal and alert signal when sounded, may be heard throughout the building over all normal sounds at any time, and (c) be distinctive in sound. Annunciator panels 9.9.4.5. (1) In a building that is 4 or more storeys in building height or has a total area of 4000 m2 or more, an annunciator panel shall (a) be installed near the main entrance, in the main reception area or other approved location that is readily accessible to the fire department, and (b) indicate all floors with not more than one floor per zone indicated. (2) Fire detectors required in Clauses 9.9.4.2.(2)(b) and (c) may be considered as part of the adjoining floor for the purposes of Clause (1)(b) of this Article. Shutdown of air handling systems 9.9.4.6. Recirculating air handling systems that serve more than one guest suite or storey shall be arranged to shut down upon actuation of the fire alarm system, except where continued operation of the air handling system serves as part of a smoke control system. Trouble signals 9.9.4.7. (1) A trouble signal sounding device and, where the trouble signal sounding device has a silencing switch, a trouble light shall be installed in (a) the main reception area, or (b) a continuously supervised area. Operation 9.9.4.8. Fire alarm systems shall operate in conformance with Article 3.2.4.4. of the 1994 Building Code, unless otherwise approved. Continuity 9.9.4.9. Each building shall not have more than one fire alarm system, unless otherwise approved. Electrical supervision 9.9.4.10. Fire alarm systems shall be electrically supervised. Emergency power 9.9.4.11. (1) Fire alarm systems shall be provided with an emergency power supply in conformance with Article 3.2.7.8. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) An existing emergency power supply that is capable of providing supervisory power for not less than 24 h and emergency power under full load for not less than 5 min at the end of the 24 h period is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1).

Primary power (3) Fire alarm system connections to the primary source of power shall be on a separate circuit equipped with separate circuit breakers or fuse switches that are located in a secure area. (4) When a building is not supplied with primary power from a public utility, two approved independent sources of power shall be provided to the fire alarm system. Installation 9.9.4.12. (1) Where a fire alarm system is required to be installed, extended or modified by this Section, the installation, extension or modification shall be in conformance with CAN/ULC-S524, “Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems”. (2) Where a fire alarm system has been installed, extended or modified as required by this Section, the system or portion of the system shall be tested in conformance with CAN/ULC-S537, “Standard for Verification of Fire Alarm Systems”. (3) Sentences (1) and (2) do not apply to existing fire alarm system components. Smoke alarms 9.9.4.13. (1) Smoke alarms shall be installed in each guest suite. (2) Smoke alarms shall meet the requirements of (a) CAN/ULC-S531, “Standard for Smoke Alarms”, and (b) CAN/ULC-S553, “Standard for the Installation of Smoke-Alarms”. (3) Smoke alarms shall be installed with permanent connections to an electrical circuit and shall have no disconnect switches between the overcurrent device and the smoke alarm. (4) Despite Sentence (3), battery-operated smoke alarms may be used. (5) Unless otherwise approved, at least one smoke alarm shall be installed on each floor of a multi-level guest suite and the smoke alarms shall be interconnected so that the actuation of one smoke alarm will cause all smoke alarms within the guest suite to sound. Voice communication systems 9.9.4.14. (1) A voice communication system shall be provided in each building where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 36 m. (2) The voice communication system required by Sentence (1) shall (a) consist of loudspeakers operated from the central alarm and control facility or other location that is accessible to the fire department and supervisory staff appointed under Section 2.8 and that is approved, (b) provide a clear verbal signal throughout the building, except for elevator cars, and (c) provide for automatic silencing of the fire alarm signals or alert signals when the loudspeakers are in use. (3) Approved existing public address systems compatible with the fire safety plan required under Section 2.8 and capable of communicating instructions to the building occupants are deemed to be in compliance with Sentences (1) and (2). Subsection 9.9.5. Suppression Access for fire fighting 9.9.5.1. (1) Access routes for fire fighting shall be provided in conformance with the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.5. to 3.2.5.7. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply where the building is sprinklered. (3) In buildings not greater than 6 storeys in building height, existing access routes are deemed to comply with Sentence (1) if they (a) have a clear width of at least 6 m, (b) are capable of supporting the expected loads imposed by fire fighting equipment and surfaced with concrete, asphalt or other material that provides accessibility under all climatic conditions, (c) are located not less than 3 m and not more than 15 m from the principal entrance, and (d) are connected with a public thoroughfare. (4) Despite Sentence (1), alternative methods may be approved where, in the opinion of the Chief Fire Official, they provide protection for life safety similar to the protection provided by compliance with Sentence (1). Standpipe systems 9.9.5.2. (1) In buildings that are greater than 3 storeys in building height, a standpipe and hose system shall be installed in conformance with Subsection 3.2.9. of the 1994 Building Code. (2) A standpipe and hose system installed in conformance with Sentences (3) to (6) is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1). (3) Hose stations shall (a) be located so that all areas (i) are protected by a hose station on the same storey, and (ii) can be reached by a hose stream and are within 6 m of a hose nozzle when the hose is extended, (b) be provided with a 38 mm hose valve, unless otherwise approved, (c) be equipped with not more than 30 m of 38 mm hose on a hose rack, unless otherwise approved, (d) have the hose attached, ready for use at all times and equipped with a shut-off combination fog and straight stream nozzle, (e) be within easy reach of a person standing on the floor, with the hose valve connection located no more than 1.5 m from the floor, and (f) be located (i) in corridors where possible, and (ii) in hose cabinets. (4) Despite Subclause (3)(a)(i), a penthouse may be protected by a hose station located in the storey below. (5) A standpipe and hose system shall (a) have an adequate water supply capable of producing a hose stream of at least 6 m from the hose nozzle at the highest fire hose outlet, and (b) be served by at least one fire department connection located on the outside of the building adjacent to a street, readily accessible to the fire department. (6) Hose cabinets shall be (a) of sufficient size to accommodate a hose, hose rack, hose valve and portable extinguisher, (b) conspicuously identified, by lettering at least 50 mm high or by the provision of a sufficiently large glass panel in the door to ensure that the equipment in the cabinet is readily visible, (c) equipped with a door without locks, constructed to open easily, unless otherwise approved, and (d) so located that the door, when open, will not obstruct any doorway. Firefighters’ elevators 9.9.5.3. (1) At least one elevator shall be provided for use by firefighters in conformance with Articles 3.2.6.8. and 3.2.6.9. of the 1994 Building Code in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 18 m. (2) An elevator is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the elevator is capable of providing transportation from the street floor to every floor served by the elevator system, (b) the elevator is identified on the street floor as an elevator provided for use by firefighters, (c) the elevator satisfies the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) to (4) of the 1994 Building Code, and (d) other elevator cabs in the same shaft as the elevator for use by firefighters satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) and (2) of the 1994 Building Code. (3) An elevator system that requires transfer from one elevator to another to reach all floors above grade is deemed to be in compliance with Sentence (1) where (a) the elevators are identified on the street floor and the transfer floor as elevators provided for firefighters’ use, (b) the elevators satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) to (4) of the 1994 Building Code, (c) emergency power is provided that is capable of operating one elevator car at a time, in buildings where the vertical distance between the floor of the top storey and grade exceeds 36 m, and (d) other elevator cabs in the same shaft as the elevator for use by firefighters satisfy the requirements of Sentences 3.2.6.8.(1) and (2) of the 1994 Building Code. Sprinkler systems 9.9.5.4. Unless otherwise approved, where a building or portion thereof is required to be sprinklered, the sprinkler system shall be designed and constructed in conformance with Articles 3.2.5.13. to 3.2.5.16. of the 1994 Building Code. Emergency power supply 9.9.5.5. (1) Unless otherwise approved, emergency electric power provided by generators for fire alarm systems referred to in Sentence 9.9.4.1.(1) and for elevator cars referred to in Clause 9.9.5.3.(3)(c) shall be provided in accordance with CSA-C282, “Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings”. (2) Unless otherwise approved, emergency electric power required for emergency lighting systems required in Sentence 9.9.3.14.(1) shall be installed in conformance with CSA-C282, “Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings” or CSA-C22.2 No. 141, “Emergency Lighting Equipment”, as applicable. O. Reg. 213/07, Division B, Part 9; O. Reg. 150/13, ss. 16-21; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 314-431; O. Reg. 33/19, ss. 32-34; O. Reg. 319/22, s. 1; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 59-90, 95 (1); O. Reg. 303/25, s. 10, 11. division c Administrative provisions TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1.1 GENERAL Subsection 1.1.1. Chief Fire Official SECTION 1.2 QUALIFICATIONS Subsection 1.2.1. Qualifications and Responsibilities of Persons Performing Work on Fire Alarm Systems Subsection 1.2.2. Qualifications and Responsibilities of Persons Performing Work on Interconnected Smoke Alarm Systems Subsection 1.2.3. Qualifications of the Person who Ensures Implementation of a Fire Safety Plan under Subsection 2.8.2. of Division B Subsection 1.2.4. Qualifications of Chief Fire Officials SECTION 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Subsection 1.3.1. Required Testing Subsection 1.3.2. Alternative Solutions SECTION 1.1 general Subsection 1.1.1. Chief Fire Official Appointment by Fire Marshal 1.1.1.1. (1) The Fire Marshal may appoint persons who are assistants to the Fire Marshal to be Chief Fire Officials for the purposes and subject to the limitations and conditions as are set out in the appointment. (2) An appointment made under Sentence (1) may grant to the person appointed the exclusive authority to exercise all or any of the powers and perform all or any of the duties of a Chief Fire Official with respect to any class or classes of building or occupancy or within the territorial area specified in the appointment and, in such case, no other Chief Fire Official shall exercise such powers or perform such duties. Appointment by Fire Chief 1.1.1.2. The Municipal Fire Chief may appoint a member or members of the fire department who are assistants to the Fire Marshal to be Chief Fire Officials for the purposes and subject to the limitations and conditions as are set out in the appointment. SECTION 1.2 qualifications Subsection 1.2.1. Qualifications and Responsibilities of Persons Performing Work on Fire Alarm Systems Application 1.2.1.1. (1) This Subsection applies to every person who (a) performs annual tests or annual inspections of a fire alarm system required under Article 6.3.2.2. of Division B, (b) performs the testing and maintenance of fire alarm system components that interconnect with other fire protection and life safety systems required under Article 6.10.1.1. of Division B, and (c) repairs, replaces or alters components of a fire alarm system. Qualifications and responsibilities 1.2.1.2. (1) A person who performs the work described in Article 1.2.1.1. (a) must have successfully completed a program or course acceptable to the Fire Marshal, (b) shall, at the request of the owner or the Chief Fire Official, produce for inspection a copy of a certificate or document attesting to the successful completion of a program or course referred to in Clause (a), and (c) shall, as applicable, perform the inspection, test, repair, replacement and alteration in accordance with Article 6.3.1.8. and Subsection 6.3.2. of Division B and perform the testing and maintenance of fire alarm system components that interact with life safety systems in accordance with Article 6.10.1.1. of Division B. (2) Despite Sentence (1), a person who has not successfully completed the required program or course may perform the work described in Clause (1)(c) provided that (a) the work is done under the supervision of a person who has successfully completed a program or course required by Clause (1)(a), (b) no more than two persons work under the supervision of the person referred to in Clause (a) at the same time, and (c) the supervision is provided at the work site. (3) A person supervising another under Sentence (2) shall advise the owner in writing that the work has been completed in accordance with Article 6.3.1.8. and Subsection 6.3.2. of Division B. Responsibility 1.2.1.3. (1) Despite Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A, it is the person who performs the work described in Article 1.2.1.1. of this Division who is responsible for complying with Sentence 1.2.1.2.(1) of this Division; however, if Sentence 1.2.1.2.(2) of this Division applies, it is the person who supervises the work under Sentence 1.2.1.2.(2) of this Division who is responsible for complying with Sentence 1.2.1.2.(1) of this Division, as if he or she were the person performing the work. (2) The owner shall ensure that the requirements of Article 1.2.1.2. are met. Subsection 1.2.2. Qualifications and Responsibilities of Persons Performing Work on Interconnected Smoke Alarm Systems Application 1.2.2.1. This Subsection applies to every person who performs annual tests of an interconnected smoke alarm system required under Article 6.3.2.6. of Division B and every person who maintains such an interconnected smoke alarm system. Qualifications and responsibilities 1.2.2.2. (1) A person who performs the work described in Article 1.2.2.1. (a) must have successfully completed a program or course acceptable to the Fire Marshal, (b) shall, at the request of the owner or the Chief Fire Official, produce for inspection a copy of a certificate or document attesting to the successful completion of a program or course referred to in Clause (a), and (c) shall perform the test and maintenance in accordance with Article 6.3.2.6. of Division B. (2) Despite Sentence (1), a person who has not successfully completed the required program or course may perform the work described in Sentence (1) provided that (a) the work is done under the supervision of a person who has successfully completed a program or course required in Clause (1)(a), (b) no more than two persons work under the supervision of the person referred to in Clause (a) at the same time, and (c) the supervision is provided at the work site. (3) A person supervising another under Sentence (2) shall advise the owner in writing that the work has been completed in accordance with Article 6.3.2.6. of Division B. Responsibility 1.2.2.3. (1) Despite Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A, it is the person who performs the work described in Article 1.2.2.1. of this Division who is responsible for complying with Sentence 1.2.2.2.(1) of this Division; however, if Sentence 1.2.2.2.(2) of this Division applies, it is the person who supervises the work under Sentence 1.2.2.2.(2) of this Division who is responsible for complying with Sentence 1.2.2.2.(1) of this Division, as if he or she were the person performing the work. (2) The owner shall ensure that the requirements of Article 1.2.2.2. are met. Subsection 1.2.3. Qualifications of the Person who Ensures Implementation of a Fire Safety Plan under Subsection 2.8.2. of Division B Application 1.2.3.1. (1) Article 1.2.3.2. applies to (a) a person designated by the owner of a building containing a care occupancy, a care and treatment occupancy or a retirement home to be responsible for ensuring that the fire safety plan required under Subsection 2.8.2. of Division B is implemented, or (b) the owner of a building containing a care occupancy, a care and treatment occupancy or a retirement home, if the owner has not designated another person to be responsible for ensuring that the fire safety plan required under Subsection 2.8.2. of Division B is implemented. Qualifications 1.2.3.2. (1) A person referred to in Sentence 1.2.3.1.(1) (a) must have successfully completed a program or course acceptable to the Fire Marshal, and (b) shall, at the request of the Chief Fire Official, produce for inspection a certificate or other document attesting to his or her successful completion of that program or course. (2) Revoked: O. Reg. 87/25, s. 93. Responsibility if person designated 1.2.3.3. (1) If an owner has designated a person to be responsible for ensuring that a fire safety plan is implemented (a) the designated person is responsible for complying with Article 1.2.3.2. of this Division, despite Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A, and (b) the owner is responsible for ensuring that the designated person complies with Article 1.2.3.2. of this Division. Subsection 1.2.4. Qualifications of Chief Fire Officials Application 1.2.4.1. This Subsection applies to every Chief Fire Official who is responsible for approving a fire safety plan for a building containing a care occupancy, a care and treatment occupancy or a retirement home. Qualifications 1.2.4.2. (1) A person referred to in Article 1.2.4.1. (a) must have successfully completed a program or course acceptable to the Fire Marshal, and (b) shall, at the request of the owner, produce for inspection a certificate or other document attesting to his or her successful completion of that program or course. (2) Revoked: O. Reg. 87/25, s. 94. Responsibility 1.2.4.3. A person referred to in Article 1.2.4.1. of this Division is responsible for complying with Article 1.2.4.2. of this Division, despite Article 1.2.1.1. of Division A. SECTION 1.3 administrative provisions Subsection 1.3.1. Required Testing Tests by owner 1.3.1.1. Where a building or its contents must be tested for compliance with this Code, the tests shall be carried out by the owner or the owner’s agent within such reasonable time as the Chief Fire Official may determine. Tests by Chief Fire Official 1.3.1.2. (1) The tests referred to in Article 1.3.1.1. may also be carried out by the Chief Fire Official. (2) The Chief Fire Official shall only take such samples as are necessary in the circumstances in order to carry out the tests referred to in Article 1.3.1.1. Subsection 1.3.2. Alternative Solutions Approval 1.3.2.1. An alternative solution shall be submitted to the Chief Fire Official for review and approval. Documentation 1.3.2.2. (1) An alternative solution submitted to the Chief Fire Official under Article 1.3.2.1. shall be accompanied by supporting documentation that demonstrates that the alternative solution meets the objectives and satisfies the functional statements attributed to the acceptable solution it is proposed to replace, as set out in Division A and OFM Fire Code Supplement FCS-1, “Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to Acceptable Solutions”. (2) The documentation referred to in Sentence (1) shall include (a) an analysis outlining the analytical methodology and rationale used to determine that a proposed alternative solution will achieve at least the minimum level of performance intended by the applicable acceptable solution in Division B in respect of the objectives and functional statements attributed to the acceptable solution as identified in Division A and OFM Fire Code Supplement FCS-1, “Objectives and Functional Statements Attributed to Acceptable Solutions”, and (b) information concerning any additional check, inspection, test, maintenance or operational requirements, including any commissioning requirements, and schedules not otherwise specifically addressed in Division B. (3) The analysis referred to in Clause (2)(a) shall identify the acceptable solution that the alternative solution is proposed to replace, the objectives and functional statements attributed to that acceptable solution, and any assumptions, limiting or restricting factors, engineering studies or building performance parameters in order to allow for an assessment of compliance with this Code by the Chief Fire Official. (4) The information provided under Sentence (3) shall be in sufficient detail to convey the design intent and to support the validity, accuracy, relevance and precision of the analysis. (5) An alternative solution shall bear the signature and seal of a Professional Engineer or Architect, or both. Review 1.3.2.3. (1) The Chief Fire Official shall, within 45 days after the receipt of an alternative solution submitted under Article 1.3.2.2., review the alternative solution for compliance with this Code and notify the owner or the owner’s agent of the decision in writing. (2) Where an alternative solution is not approved, the Chief Fire Official shall include the reasons in the decision. (3) Notification shall be served either personally or by mail. (4) Where notification is by mail, it is deemed to have been served on the fifth day after the date of mailing. (5) An owner or an owner’s agent who feels aggrieved by a decision not to approve an alternative solution may, within 30 days after receipt of the refusal, appeal the decision in the same manner as though it were an Order. Implementation 1.3.2.4. Approved alternative solutions referred to in this Subsection and the requirements referred to in Clause 1.3.2.5.(3)(b) shall be implemented. Records 1.3.2.5. (1) Documentation for every (a) approved alternative solution to this Code, and (b) alternative solution, as defined in the Building Code, with respect to fire safety shall be kept on the premises to which it relates and be made available to the Chief Fire Official upon request. (2) The documentation referred to in Sentence (1) shall be retained for as long as necessary to demonstrate compliance with this Code and the Building Code, as applicable. (3) The check, inspection, test, maintenance and operational requirements (a) referred to in Clause 1.3.2.2.(2)(b), or (b) forming part of an alternative solution, as defined in the Building Code, with respect to fire safety, where such requirements are not otherwise specifically addressed in Division B shall be included in the fire safety plan where such a plan is required under Section 2.8 of Division B. 2.1.1.1. Omitted (revokes other Regulation). 2.1.2.1. Omitted (provides for coming into force of provisions of this Regulation). O. Reg. 213/07, Division C; O. Reg. 150/13, s. 22; O. Reg. 194/14, s. 11; O. Reg. 256/14, ss. 432-439; O. Reg. 87/25, ss. 91-94, 95 (6).