Canada — Quebec Act or statute

Canada — Quebec legislation

Professional Code, 1973

This section defines key terms used in the Code and its regulations, unless the context requires a different meaning.

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Professional statute overview

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01

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“This section defines key terms used in the Code and its regulations, unless the context requires a different meaning.”

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    Enacted 1973 · Source version 10 Jun 2026. The date shown identifies this source expression and should not be treated as proof that no later change exists.

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Section 1

This section defines key terms used in the Code and its regulations, unless the context requires a different meaning.

Section 1

Section 16.18

The Commissioner may require specified persons and organizations to provide documents, reports, or information.

Section 16.18

Section 39.9.1

The Government may make regulations setting conditions for certain First Nations members and Inuit to perform listed reserved professional activities in specified locations.

Section 39.9.1

Section 59.3

A professional must notify the secretary of the order within 10 days after being informed that they are or have been the subject of certain judicial or disciplinary decisions or a qualifying offence proceeding.

Section 59.3

Section 86.0.2

The board of directors may create and run a pilot project, after consulting the Office, to improve or test matters covered by regulations under section 95.1.

Section 86.0.2

04

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Source record from www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca · Enacted 1973 · Source version 10 Jun 2026

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Provision 171Repeal 12Offence 9Amendment 6
§ 1Section 1Provision

This section defines key terms used in the Code and its regulations, unless the context requires a different meaning.

1. In this Code and in the regulations made thereunder, unless the context indicates a different meaning, the following terms mean: (a) “order” or “professional order”: any professional order listed in Schedule I to this Code or constituted in accordance with this Code; (b) “board of directors”: any board of directors established within a professional order; (c) “professional” or “member of an order”: any person who holds a permit issued by an order and who is entered on the roll of the latter; (d) “Interprofessional Council”: the Québec Interprofessional Council established by this Code; (e) “Office”: the Office des professions du Québec established by this Code; (f) “permit”: a permit issued under this Code and the Charter of the French language (chapter C-11) which allows the exclusive practice of the profession mentioned therein and the use of a title reserved to the professionals practising such profession or only allows the use of a title reserved to the members of the order issuing the permit, subject to entry of the holder of such permit on the roll of that order; (g) “special authorization”: a special authorization granted for a limited period under this Code to a person who does not hold a permit, to allow him the exclusive practice of the profession mentioned therein and the use of a title reserved to the professionals practising such profession or to allow him only the use of a title reserved to the members of the order granting this authorization; (h) “roll”: the list of the members in good standing of an order, prepared under this Code; (i) “Minister”: any Minister designated by the Government. 1973, c. 43, s. 1; 1974, c. 65, s. 1, s. 109; 1975, c. 81, s. 63; 1977, c. 5, s. 222; 1994, c. 40, s. 1; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
§ 2Section 2Provision

This section says the Code applies to all professional orders and their members, unless a special Act, letters patent under section 27, or an integration or amalgamation order under section 27.2 provides otherwise.

2. Subject to the inconsistent provisions of a special Act, of the letters patent issued under section 27 or of an integration or amalgamation order made under section 27.2, this Code applies to all professional orders and to their members. 1973, c. 43, s. 2; 1994, c. 40, s. 2; 1998, c. 14, s. 1.
§ 3Section 3Provision

A body called the Office des professions du Québec must exist.

3. There shall be a body called the “Office des professions du Québec”. 1973, c. 43, s. 3 (part); 1974, c. 65, s. 109.
§ 3.1Section 3.1Provision

The Office may appear in court as plaintiff or defendant.

3.1. The Office may appear before the courts as plaintiff or defendant. Articles 80, 81 and 180 of the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C-25.01) apply to the Office. 1978, c. 18, s. 21; 2002, c. 7, s. 165; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 3.1Verify source
§ 4Section 4Provision

The Office must have seven members, with a chair and vice-chair, appointed by the Government, and the Government must fix their salaries.

4. The Office shall consist of seven members domiciled in Québec, including a chair and a vice-chair, appointed by the Government on the basis of the expertise and experience profiles approved by the Office. The Government shall fix their salaries. Five of the members, including the chair and the vice-chair, must be professionals. Three among their number, including the chair or the vice-chair, shall be chosen from a list of at least seven names provided to the Government by the Interprofessional Council. The other two members must be non-professionals. They shall be selected on the basis of their interest for the protection of the public that must be ensured by the professional orders. At least one member of the Office must be 35 years of age or under at the time of appointment. The composition of the Office must tend toward gender parity. The Office must also be composed of members whose cultural identity reflects the various components of Québec society as much as possible. The chair and the vice-chair shall be appointed for a term of office of up to five years and may be reappointed once to serve in that capacity. The other members shall be appointed for a term of up to three years and may be reappointed twice to serve in that capacity. Once fixed, their term of office and the amounts of their salaries cannot be reduced. Upon the expiry of their term, they shall remain in office until reappointed or replaced. 1973, c. 43, s. 4; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1994, c. 40, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 213; 2017, c. 11, s. 1.
§ 5Section 5Provision

The secretary, the Commissioner for Admission to Professions, and other Office staff are appointed under the Public Service Act.

5. The secretary, the Commissioner for Admission to Professions and the other functionaries and employees of the Office are appointed according to the Public Service Act (chapter F-3.1.1). 1973, c. 43, s. 5; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1978, c. 18, s. 22; 1978, c. 15, s. 140; 1983, c. 55, s. 161; 2000, c. 8, s. 242; 2009, c. 50, s. 2; 2017, c. 11, s. 2.
§ 6Section 6Provision

The Office has a quorum when five members, including the chair or vice-chair, are present.

6. Five members including the chair or vice-chair shall constitute a quorum of the Office. The head office of the Office shall be situated in the territory of Ville de Québec. 1973, c. 43, s. 6; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1977, c. 5, s. 14; 1994, c. 40, s. 4; 2000, c. 56, s. 220; 2008, c. 11, s. 213; 2017, c. 11, s. 3.
§ 7Section 7Provision

The chair and vice-chair must devote their time exclusively to the Office and to their office duties.

7. The chair and the vice-chair must devote their time exclusively to the work of the Office and to the duties of their office. 1973, c. 43, s. 7; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 2008, c. 11, s. 213.
§ 8Section 8Provision

The chair must preside over Office meetings and is responsible for administering the Office’s affairs under the governing rules.

8. The chair shall preside over meetings of the Office and shall be responsible for the administration of its affairs within the scope of the rules governing the conduct of its affairs. He shall exercise the rights, powers and privileges granted by law to the chief executive officer of an agency within the meaning of the Public Service Act (chapter F-3.1.1). 1973, c. 43, s. 8; 1974, c. 65, s. 2, s. 109; 1978, c. 15, s. 140; 1983, c. 55, s. 161; 1994, c. 40, s. 5; 2008, c. 11, s. 213.
§ 9Section 9Provision

If the chair cannot act, the vice-chair replaces the chair. If the vice-chair or another member cannot act, the Government may appoint a person to perform that person’s duties and fix the person’s salary.

9. If the chair is absent or unable to act, he shall be replaced by the vice-chair; when the vice-chair or another member is so unable to act he may be replaced by a person appointed to perform his duties; such person shall be appointed by the Government which shall fix his salary. 1973, c. 43, s. 9; 1994, c. 40, s. 6; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2008, c. 11, s. 213.
§ 10Section 10Provision

If a vacancy occurs during a member’s term of office, it must be filled for the remainder of that term using the prescribed appointment method.

10. Any vacancy occurring during the term of office of a member of the Office shall be filled for the unexpired portion of such term by following the mode prescribed for the appointment of the member to be replaced. 1973, c. 43, s. 10; 1974, c. 65, s. 109.
Section 10Verify source
§ 11Section 11Provision

Members of the Office and its employees must take the oath in Schedule II.

11. The members of the Office and the persons employed by it must take the oath contained in Schedule II. 1973, c. 43, s. 11; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1999, c. 40, s. 58.
Section 11Verify source
§ 12Section 12Repeal

The Office must oversee professional orders to protect the public, and each order must collaborate with the Office.

12. The function of the Office shall be to see that each order ensures the protection of the public. For that purpose, the Office may, in particular, monitor the operation of the various mechanisms established within an order pursuant to this Code and, where applicable, the Act constituting the professional order. Each order must collaborate with the Office in the exercise of that function. The Office may, if it considers it necessary for the protection of the public, require an order to take corrective and appropriate follow-up measures and to comply with any other measure determined by the Office, including supervisory or monitoring measures. It shall, where it considers it expedient, suggest the establishment of new orders, the amalgamation or dissolution of existing orders, the integration of a group of persons into one of the orders referred to in Division III of Chapter IV and amendments to this Code and the Acts, letters patent, the integration or amalgamation orders, regulations and by-laws governing them; it shall endeavour to bring the orders to work together to find solutions to the common problems they encounter, by reason, in particular, of the relatedness of the activities exercised by their members; it shall suggest ways to ensure the best possible training for professionals. The Office must, in particular, (1) ensure that the board of directors of each order adopts every regulation or by-law which it is required to adopt under this Code or, as the case may be, under the Act constituting the professional order; (2) recommend that the Government adopt, by regulation, any regulation or by-law which the board of directors is required to adopt under this Code or, as the case may be, under the Act constituting the professional order, if the board of directors fails to do so within the time fixed by the Office; (3) suggest to the board of directors of an order, at any time, the amendments the Office considers necessary to any regulation or by-law adopted by the board of directors, even before its publication in draft form in the Gazette officielle du Québec where so required, and even after its coming into force; (4) recommend that the Government adopt, at any time, by regulation, the amendments the Office considers necessary to any regulation or by-law adopted by the board of directors, whether or not the regulation or by-law has been published in draft form in the Gazette officielle du Québec where so required, and whether or not it is in force, if the board of directors fails to adopt such amendments within the time fixed by the Office; (5) inform the order concerned of the comments regarding the regulations or by-laws it has examined; (6) determine, by regulation and after consultation with the Interprofessional Council: (a) (subparagraph repealed); (b) the standards governing the preparation and content of the annual report of an order; (c) the rules governing the holding and keeping of documents held by a professional order for the purpose of supervising the practice of the profession; (7) (subparagraph repealed); (7.1) (subparagraph repealed); (7.2) (subparagraph repealed); (8) inform the public of the rights and recourses provided for in this Code, the Acts constituting the professional orders and the regulations and by-laws under this Code and the said Acts; (9) draw up and propose to the public and to the professional orders documents to further the exercise of the rights and recourses provided for in this Code, the Acts constituting the professional orders and the regulations and by-laws under this Code and the said Acts, including, in particular, a model form for requests for the holding of an inquiry by a syndic or for the lodging of a complaint with the disciplinary council against a professional; (10) report to the Government on any order which shows a deficit or has insufficient income to fulfill its duties and on any order which does not fulfill the duties imposed on it by this Code or, as the case may be, by the Act constituting it as a professional order; (11) report to the Government, on or before 21 June 2002 and every five years thereafter, on the carrying out of the provisions of this Code pertaining to the security against liability that must be furnished by the members of an order; (12) (subparagraph repealed). The standards set out in a regulation of the Office referred to in subparagraph c of subparagraph 6 of the fourth paragraph may vary with the professional order or the category of information or document. 1973, c. 43, s. 12; 1974, c. 65, s. 3, s. 109; 1975, c. 80, s. 1; 1983, c. 54, s. 15; 1988, c. 29, s. 1; 1986, c. 95, s. 69; 1990, c. 76, s. 1; 1994, c. 40, s. 7; 1998, c. 14, s. 2; 2001, c. 34, s. 1; 2005, c. 28, s. 195; 2006, c. 22, s. 148; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 2; 2009, c. 50, s. 3; 2013, c. 28, s. 203; 2017, c. 11, s. 4; 2026, c. 8, s. 1.
Section 12Verify source
§ 12.0.1Section 12.0.1Offence

The Office must make regulations setting ethics and professional conduct standards for directors of a professional order’s board, after consulting the Interprofessional Council.

12.0.1. The Office must determine, by regulation and after consultation with the Interprofessional Council, the standards of ethics and professional conduct applicable to directors on a professional order’s board of directors. The regulation must (1) state the ethics- and integrity-based values and principles that must guide directors in understanding the standards of ethics and professional conduct applicable to them; (2) determine the duties and obligations of directors, including those they must comply with after the expiry of their terms, and the time for which they are bound by those duties and obligations; (3) regulate or prohibit practices related to the remuneration of directors; (4) require the board of directors to establish, in conformity with the standards determined by the Office, a code of ethics and professional conduct applicable to its members that takes into account the mission of the order, the values underlying its actions and its general management principles; (5) establish the procedure governing examinations of and inquiries into conduct that may contravene the standards determined by the Office and those of the code of ethics and professional conduct, prescribe appropriate penalties and designate the authorities that are to determine or impose such penalties; and (6) determine the cases in and procedure according to which directors may be temporarily relieved of their duties. The regulation may, on the conditions it determines, extend the jurisdiction of an authority within an order or of its members to include the jurisdiction under subparagraph 5 of the second paragraph. 2017, c. 11, s. 5.
Section 12.0.1Verify source
§ 12.0.1.1Section 12.0.1.1Provision

The Office may make regulations about diplomas that lead to permits or specialist’s certificates, cooperation terms with educational institutions and orders, and it must consult specified bodies before making such a regulation.

12.0.1.1. The Office may, by regulation, determine the diplomas issued by the educational institutions it indicates which give access to a permit or specialist’s certificate. The Office may also, by regulation, fix the terms and conditions of cooperation between an order and the authorities of the educational institutions referred to in a regulation made under the first paragraph, in particular in the development and review of the programs of study leading to a diploma giving access to a permit or specialist’s certificate, the standards that the board of directors is required to establish by a regulation made under paragraph c of section 93 and, where applicable, the other terms and conditions that the board of directors may determine by a regulation made under subparagraph i of the first paragraph of section 94, as well as the standards of equivalence of such terms and conditions that the board of directors may determine under that regulation. The regulation referred to in the second paragraph may prescribe the terms of cooperation, between the order and the educational institutions, applicable to a program of study leading to a diploma that leads to a training certificate issued pursuant to a regulation made under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94 or under an Act constituting a professional order. The Office must, before making a regulation referred to in this section, consult (1) the educational institutions and the order concerned; (2) the Bureau de coopération interuniversitaire in the case of a university-level diploma; (3) the Fédération des cégeps in the case of a college-level diploma; and (4) the Minister of Education, Recreation and Sports or the Minister of Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology. 2026, c. 8, s. 3.
Section 12.0.1.1Verify source
§ 12.0.1.2Section 12.0.1.2Provision

The Office must establish, by regulation and after consultation with the orders, an accounts conciliation and arbitration procedure for people who pay or must pay fees.

Not in force 12.0.1.2. The Office must establish, by regulation and after consultation with the orders, an accounts conciliation and arbitration procedure that may be used by persons who pay or must pay fees. The regulation must include (1) provisions allowing a person to use the procedure if the account has already been paid in whole or in part; (2) provisions for the setting up, within each order, of a council of arbitration with the power to determine the amount of any reimbursement to which a person may be entitled; and (3) provisions for the arbitration of accounts by a council of arbitration composed of one or three arbitrators, according to the amount of the dispute as prescribed in the regulation. The regulation may specify the fees payable to the order on applying for arbitration. In such a case, the arbitration council must rule on the reimbursement of such fees. The regulation may also contain provisions which, when all or part of the account in dispute is maintained or when a reimbursement is granted, enable the council of arbitration to add interest and an indemnity, computed in accordance with articles 1618 and 1619 of the Civil Code, from the date of the application for conciliation. The arbitration council may, in particular, consider the quality of the services rendered in relation to the fees charged. A member may not institute proceedings in respect of an account until the time allowed to apply for conciliation has expired. However, the member may institute proceedings before that time has expired, with the authorization of the person designated by the board of directors, where there is a risk that recovery of the fees will be imperilled unless proceedings are instituted. 2026, c. 8, s. 3.
Section 12.0.1.2Verify source
§ 12.0.1.3Section 12.0.1.3Repeal

The Office may adopt binding regulations for professional orders or their members, on recommendation of the Interprofessional Council. Before making certain regulations, it must conduct the consultations required by the referenced provisions.

12.0.1.3. On the recommendation of the Interprofessional Council, the Office may, in any matter that may be the subject of a regulation of an order under this Code or under an Act constituting a professional order, adopt a regulation that is binding on, as the case may be, one or more professional orders or their members. The Office may, in such a regulation, prescribe the repeal of any regulation of an order referred to in the first paragraph or of any provision of such a regulation. The Office must, before making a regulation relating to a matter referred to in paragraph c.2 of section 93, subparagraph h of the first paragraph of section 94 or the second paragraph of section 95.0.1, conduct the consultations provided for in those provisions. 2026, c. 8, s. 3.
Section 12.0.1.3Verify source
§ 12.0.2Section 12.0.2Provision

The Office may make regulations setting terms, conditions, and restrictions for when members of certain orders may engage in professional activities in organizations, and may also make such activities forbidden in certain organizations.

12.0.2. The Office may, by regulation, determine certain terms and conditions and certain restrictions according to which members of the orders or members of certain orders may engage in professional activities within an organization or certain types of organizations. In addition, the regulation may provide that engaging in professional activities is forbidden within certain types of organizations. The provisions of the regulation provided for in the first paragraph apply despite any inconsistent provision of a regulation made under subparagraph p of the first paragraph of section 94. 2024, c. 31, s. 1.
Section 12.0.2Verify source
§ 12.1Section 12.1Provision

The Office may, by regulation, adopt rules governing the conduct of its affairs.

12.1. The Office may, by regulation, adopt rules governing the conduct of its affairs. 1994, c. 40, s. 8; 2006, c. 22, s. 149.
Section 12.1Verify source
§ 12.2Section 12.2Amendment

The Office may make a government or body standard compulsory, if it does so in a regulation it is authorized to make under this Code or under an Act constituting the professional order.

12.2. The Office may, in a regulation that it is authorized to make under this Code or under an Act constituting the professional order, make compulsory a standard established by a government or body. It may provide that reference to such a standard includes any subsequent amendment made to it. 1994, c. 40, s. 8.
Section 12.2Verify source
§ 12.3Section 12.3Provision

The Office may, after consultation, draw up a list of persons for section 123.3 and may fix by regulation the amount of fees charged to a person who requests an opinion from the review committee under section 123.4.

12.3. The Office may (1) after consultation with the Interprofessional Council and various socio-economic groups, draw up a list of persons for the purposes of the fourth paragraph of section 123.3; (2) fix, by regulation, the amount of the fees that a person who requests an opinion from the review committee pursuant to section 123.4 may be charged by an order. 1994, c. 40, s. 8; 2017, c. 11, s. 6.
Section 12.3Verify source
§ 13Section 13Amendment

Regulations made by the Office under this Code or a professional order Act must be submitted to the Government, which may approve them with or without amendment.

13. Every regulation adopted by the Office under this Code or under an Act constituting a professional order must be submitted to the Government, which may approve it with or without amendment. 1973, c. 43, s. 13; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1988, c. 29, s. 2; 1994, c. 40, s. 9.
Section 13Verify source
§ 14Section 14Provision

The Office may inquire into an order’s affairs in specified cases, and must notify the order’s board of directors and, in some cases, the Minister.

14. The Office, on its own initiative or at the Minister’s request, may inquire into the affairs of any order which shows a deficit or has insufficient income to fulfill its duties and of any order which does not fulfill the duties imposed on it by this Code or, as the case may be, by the Act constituting it as a professional order. The Office informs the order’s board of directors of the inquiry and the reasons for it. If the Office conducts an inquiry on its own initiative, it also informs the Minister. The Office may designate a person to carry out the inquiry on its behalf. 1973, c. 43, s. 14; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1994, c. 40, s. 10; 2017, c. 11, s. 7.
Section 14Verify source
§ 14.1Section 14.1Provision

The person conducting the inquiry must take the oath in Schedule II and has the powers and immunity of commissioners under the public inquiry commissions Act, except the power to impose imprisonment.

14.1. The person carrying out the inquiry is required to take the oath contained in Schedule II, and is vested with the powers and immunity conferred on commissioners appointed under the Act respecting public inquiry commissions (chapter C‐37), except the power to impose a term of imprisonment. 1994, c. 40, s. 10; 1999, c. 40, s. 58.
Section 14.1Verify source
§ 14.2Section 14.2Provision

The person carrying out the inquiry may enter the order’s head office at a reasonable time and may examine, copy, require, and demand documents, records, information, or reports; on request, the person must also produce a certificate proving capacity.

14.2. The person carrying out the inquiry may enter the head office of the order at any reasonable time and must, on request, produce a certificate attesting his capacity. He may examine and copy any document or record, require any document or record and demand any information or report needed by him for the purposes of the inquiry. 1994, c. 40, s. 10.
Section 14.2Verify source
§ 14.3Section 14.3Provision

No person may hinder or mislead the person conducting the inquiry, or refuse access to documents, records, information, or reports needed for the inquiry.

14.3. No person may, in any way whatsoever, hinder the person carrying out the inquiry, mislead him by concealment or false declarations, refuse to allow him to examine or copy any document or record which he is entitled to obtain or copy for the purposes of the inquiry, refuse to provide him with such a document or record or refuse to provide him with any information or report required for such purposes. No person may refuse to allow him to examine or copy a document or record, or refuse to provide him with any information, document or record on the ground that it was obtained by the order in the exercise of the duties or powers conferred on it by this Code or, as the case may be, by the Act constituting it as a professional order, or on the ground that it is protected by professional secrecy. 1994, c. 40, s. 10.
Section 14.3Verify source
§ 14.4Section 14.4Provision

A person conducting an inquiry must make a written report to the Office.

14.4. The person carrying out an inquiry shall make a written report to the Office, which shall forward a copy to the Minister. The Office shall also forward a copy of the report to the order concerned, which may make the necessary representations within the time fixed by the Office. 1994, c. 40, s. 10.
Section 14.4Verify source
§ 14.5Section 14.5Provision
14.5. The Government may place under the administration of one or more persons designated by it any order showing a deficit or having insufficient income to fulfill its duties or any order which does not fulfill the duties imposed on it by this Code, or, as the case may be, by the Act constituting it as a professional order, and may fix the terms and conditions of such administration. 1994, c. 40, s. 10.
Section 14.5Verify source
§ 15Section 15Provision

The Office may require a professional order to provide documents, reports, or information within the time and format it specifies, and may obtain information from other institutions about certain training requirements.

15. The Office may require any professional order to furnish, within the time and in the manner it specifies, any document, report or information needed to carry out its functions. The Office may obtain information from departments, bodies, educational institutions and other persons on any training a professional order requires a person to acquire under a regulation made under paragraph c, c.1 or c.2 of section 93, subparagraph i of the first paragraph of section 94 as regards standards of equivalence, or subparagraph j, q or r of that paragraph of that section. 1973, c. 43, s. 15; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1994, c. 40, s. 11; 2008, c. 11, s. 3; 2017, c. 11, s. 8.
Section 15Verify source
§ 16Section 16Provision

The Office’s fiscal year ends on 31 March.

16. The fiscal year of the Office ends on 31 March. 1973, c. 43, s. 16; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1995, c. 50, s. 1.
Section 16Verify source
§ 16.1Section 16.1Provision

The Office must file its annual financial statements and activities report with the Minister by 30 September each year, and the Minister must table them before the National Assembly within the stated time limits.

16.1. The Office shall file with the Minister, on or before 30 September each year, its financial statements and a report upon its activities for the preceding fiscal year, which must include the highlights of the inquiries conducted by the Office and the contents of the annual activity reports mentioned in sections 16.19, 16.26 and 115.8. The financial statements and the activities report shall contain any information required by the Minister. The Minister shall table the financial statements and the report before the National Assembly within 30 days of receiving them if it is in session or, if it is not sitting, within 30 days of resumption. 1995, c. 50, s. 1; 2009, c. 50, s. 4; 2013, c. 12, s. 1; I.N. 2015-08-01; 2017, c. 11, s. 9.
Section 16.1Verify source
§ 16.2Section 16.2Provision

The Office must send the Minister statistical data, reports, or other information about its activities when the Minister asks.

16.2. The Office shall send to the Minister, at his request, statistical data, reports or other information on its activities within the time and in the form prescribed by the Minister. 1995, c. 50, s. 1.
Section 16.2Verify source
§ 16.3Section 16.3Repeal

Section 16.3 is repealed.

16.3. (Repealed). 1995, c. 50, s. 1; 2020, c. 5, s. 112.
Section 16.3Verify source
§ 16.4Section 16.4Provision

The Office’s books and accounts must be audited each year by the Auditor General, and also whenever the Government orders it.

16.4. The books and accounts of the Office shall be audited each year by the Auditor General and whenever the Government so orders. The auditor’s report shall be sent with the activities report and the financial statements of the Office. 1995, c. 50, s. 1.
Section 16.4Verify source
§ 16.5Section 16.5Provision

The Government may authorize the Office to borrow by notes, bonds, or other means, secure payment of the Office’s loans and obligations, and authorize the Minister of Finance to advance necessary amounts to the Office.

16.5. The Government may, on the terms and conditions it determines, (1) authorize the Office to contract loans by notes, bonds or otherwise; (2) secure payment in capital and interest of any loan contracted by the Office and any of its obligations; (3) authorize the Minister of Finance to advance to the Office any amount considered necessary for the performance of its obligations or the exercise of its functions and powers. The sums required for the carrying out of subparagraphs 2 and 3 of the first paragraph shall be taken out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund. 1995, c. 50, s. 1.
Section 16.5Verify source
§ 16.6Section 16.6Provision

Money received by the Office must be used to pay for its activities and obligations.

16.6. The sums received by the Office shall be applied to the payment of its activities and obligations. 1995, c. 50, s. 1.
Section 16.6Verify source
§ 16.7Section 16.7Provision

The Office may not make payments or assume obligations above the sums at its disposal for the same fiscal year, except as provided for in section 16.5.

16.7. The Office may not make payments or assume obligations, except those provided for in section 16.5, for an amount that exceeds, in the same fiscal year, the sums at its disposal for the year in which the payments are made or the obligations assumed. This section shall not operate to prevent the Office from making commitments for more than one fiscal year. 1995, c. 50, s. 1.
Section 16.7Verify source
§ 16.8Section 16.8Provision

The Office may invest, on a short-term basis, funds placed at its disposal under this Act.

16.8. The Office may invest, on a short-term basis, the funds placed at its disposal under this Act, (1) in securities issued or guaranteed by the Government of Canada, Québec or any other Canadian province; (2) by deposits with a bank or deposit institution authorized under the Deposit Institutions and Deposit Protection Act (chapter I-13.2.2) or in certificates, notes or other short-term securities or papers issued or guaranteed by a bank or such an institution. 1995, c. 50, s. 1; 2002, c. 45, s. 268; 2004, c. 37, s. 90; 2018, c. 23, s. 738.
Section 16.8Verify source
§ 16.9Section 16.9Provision

The Office creates the office of Commissioner for Admission to Professions within the Office.

16.9. The office of Commissioner for Admission to Professions is created within the Office. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 11.
Section 16.9Verify source
§ 16.10Section 16.10Provision

The Commissioner must receive and examine complaints about admission to a profession, monitor related processes and activities, and follow the Access to Training Coordination Hub’s activities.

16.10. The functions of the Commissioner are (1) to receive and examine any complaint lodged by a person about admission to a profession; (2) to monitor the operation of any process or activity relating to admission to a profession; and (3) to follow the activities of the Pôle de coordination pour l’accès à la formation (Access to Training Coordination Hub) and, if necessary, to make the recommendations the Commissioner considers appropriate to it regarding such matters as the time it takes before training is offered. For the purposes of this division, admission to a profession, in the case of a profession whose practice is supervised by a professional order, includes (1) any process adopted by a professional order, the Office or the Government in relation to (a) the issue of any permit or specialist’s certificate; (b) a person’s entry on the roll for the first time; (c) a decision under section 45.3; (d) the issue of any special authorization; or (e) any other application filed preceding admission to the profession; and (2) any process or activity of a professional order, department, body, educational institution or other person in relation to the training, the demonstration of the competence or the assessment of the training or competence of an applicant for admission to a profession or a person who is the subject of a decision made under section 45.3, except (a) programs of study established by the Minister responsible for Education or the Minister responsible for Higher Education which give access to permits issued by the professional orders; (b) degree programs established by a university-level educational institution under paragraphs 1 to 12 of section 1 of the Act respecting educational institutions at the university level (chapter E-14.1) which give access to permits issued by the professional orders; (c) the basic vocational training regulation established by the Government under section 448 of the Education Act (chapter I-13.3); and (d) the College Education Regulations established by the Government under section 18 of the General and Vocational Colleges Act (chapter C-29), except programs under subparagraph c of the third paragraph of that section. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2013, c. 28, s. 203; 2017, c. 11, s. 12; 2021, c. 20, s. 3; 2024, c. 31, s. 2.
Section 16.10Verify source
§ 16.10.1Section 16.10.1Provision

The Commissioner may give advice or recommendations, gather input, and carry out studies or research about admission to a profession.

16.10.1. The Commissioner may (1) submit advisory opinions or make recommendations to any professional order, department, body, educational institution or other person on any matter relating to admission to a profession; (2) solicit or receive advice and suggestions from professional orders or interested groups and from the general public on any matter relating to admission to a profession; and (3) conduct or commission studies and research that the Commissioner considers useful or necessary for the exercise of the Commissioner’s functions. 2017, c. 11, s. 12.
Section 16.10.1Verify source
§ 16.10.2Section 16.10.2Provision

The Commissioner may designate one or more persons under the Commissioner’s authority to carry out an essential function tied to the Commissioner’s responsibilities under section 16.10.

16.10.2. The Commissioner may designate one or more persons under the Commissioner’s authority to exercise a function essential to the carrying out of any of the Commissioner’s responsibilities under section 16.10. 2017, c. 11, s. 12.
Section 16.10.2Verify source
§ 16.10.3Section 16.10.3Provision

The Commissioner and designated persons cannot be compelled to testify about information obtained in carrying out their functions or to produce documents containing that information.

16.10.3. Neither the Commissioner nor a person the Commissioner designates under section 16.10.2 may be compelled to give testimony relating to information obtained in the exercise of their functions or to produce any document containing such information. 2024, c. 31, s. 3.
Section 16.10.3Verify source
§ 16.11Section 16.11Provision

The Commissioner may conduct inquiries and may designate a person to conduct one on the Commissioner’s behalf.

16.11. The Commissioner may conduct an inquiry in the exercise of the functions of office. In such cases, the Commissioner is vested with the powers and immunity conferred on commissioners appointed under the Act respecting public inquiry commissions (chapter C-37), except the power to impose a term of imprisonment. The Commissioner may designate a person to conduct the inquiry on the Commissioner’s behalf. The person so designated is vested with the same powers and immunity as the Commissioner and, if the person does not work for the Office, is required to take the oath set out in Schedule II. Section 14.3 applies, with the necessary modifications, to inquiries conducted by the Commissioner or on the Commissioner’s behalf. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 13.
Section 16.11Verify source
§ 16.12Section 16.12Provision

The Commissioner must establish a procedure for examining complaints.

16.12. The Commissioner shall establish a procedure for examining complaints. 2009, c. 50, s. 5.
Section 16.12Verify source
§ 16.13Section 16.13Provision

The Commissioner may dismiss a complaint, or refuse or stop examining it, in specified circumstances, and must tell the plaintiff the reasons within 30 days in those cases.

16.13. The Commissioner may, upon summary examination, dismiss a complaint if, in the Commissioner’s opinion, it is excessive, frivolous or clearly unfounded. The Commissioner may refuse or cease to examine a complaint (1) if the Commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe the Commissioner’s intervention would serve no purpose; (2) if the plaintiff refuses or neglects to provide information or documents requested; (3) if the length of time having elapsed between the events that gave rise to the dissatisfaction of the plaintiff and the filing of the complaint makes it impossible to examine the complaint; or (4) if the Commissioner is of the opinion, given the nature of the complaint, that the plaintiff may be referred to another authority. In such cases, the Commissioner must so inform the plaintiff and include the reasons for the decision, within a maximum of 30 days. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 14.
Section 16.13Verify source
§ 16.14Section 16.14Provision

If the Commissioner has not finished examining a complaint within 90 days after receiving it, the Commissioner must notify the plaintiff in writing and report on progress; that written notice and progress report must then be repeated every 30 days until the examination is completed.

16.14. If the Commissioner has not completed the examination of a complaint within 90 days after receiving it, the Commissioner must, at the end of that period, inform the plaintiff, in writing, that the examination has not been completed and report to the plaintiff on the progress of the examination. Until the examination has been completed, the Commissioner must, every 30 days after the expiry of the 90-day period, inform the plaintiff, in writing, that the examination has not been completed and report to the plaintiff on the progress of the examination. 2009, c. 50, s. 5.
Section 16.14Verify source
§ 16.15Section 16.15Provision

The Commissioner must tell the plaintiff, and sometimes the professional order or other concerned body, the findings after examining a complaint and send any recommendations. The Commissioner may also do this after monitoring a process or activity under section 16.10. Recipients of a recommendation must reply in writing within 60 days with intended actions or reasons for not acting.

16.15. After examining a complaint, the Commissioner shall inform the plaintiff and, if necessary, the professional order, department, body, educational institution or person concerned of the findings and send them any recommendations made, including any recommendation to review the application of any process or activity relating to admission to a profession. The Commissioner may do the same after monitoring the operation of a process or activity under subparagraph 2 of the first paragraph of section 16.10. Within 60 days after receiving a recommendation, the professional order, department, body, educational institution or person shall inform the Commissioner in writing of the actions it, he or she intends to take as a result of the recommendation or, if it, he or she has decided not to act upon the recommendation, of the reasons for that decision. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 15.
Section 16.15Verify source
§ 16.16Section 16.16Provision

Statements and information given by a person in complaint examinations or monitoring related to admission to a profession cannot be used as evidence against that person in certain proceedings.

16.16. Answers given or statements made by a person during the examination of a complaint or the monitoring of any process or activity relating to admission to a profession, including any information or document supplied in good faith in response to a request by the Commissioner, may not be used or admitted as evidence against the person in a judicial proceeding or a proceeding before a person or body exercising adjudicative functions. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 16.
Section 16.16Verify source
§ 16.17Section 16.17Provision

16.17. Nothing contained in a plaintiff’s complaint record or in a record on the monitoring of the operation of any process or activity relating to admission to a profession, including the conclusions and any related recommendations, may

16.17. Nothing contained in a plaintiff’s complaint record or in a record on the monitoring of the operation of any process or activity relating to admission to a profession, including the conclusions and any related recommendations, may be construed as a declaration, recognition or extrajudicial admission of professional, administrative or other misconduct capable of establishing the civil liability of a party in a judicial proceeding. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 17.
Section 16.17Verify source
§ 16.18Section 16.18Provision

The Commissioner may require specified persons and organizations to provide documents, reports, or information.

16.18. The Commissioner may require any professional order, department, body, educational institution or person to furnish, within the time and in the manner the Commissioner specifies, any document, report or information the Commissioner needs to carry out the functions of office. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 18.
Section 16.18Verify source
§ 16.19Section 16.19Provision

The Commissioner must file an activity report with the Office every year, and also whenever the Office asks.

16.19. The Commissioner shall file an activity report with the Office annually and, at the Office’s request, at any other time. The annual activity report must include the number, nature and outcome of the complaints examined by the Commissioner, the actions taken by the Commissioner to monitor the operation of any process or activity relating to admission to a profession, the Commissioner’s conclusions, any recommendations made, and the steps taken further to such recommendations. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 19.
Section 16.19Verify source
§ 16.20Section 16.20Provision

The Office must take steps to preserve the Commissioner’s independence at all times.

16.20. The Office shall take steps to preserve at all times the independence of the Commissioner in the exercise of the functions of office. 2009, c. 50, s. 5.
Section 16.20Verify source
§ 16.21Section 16.21Provision

This provision says the division does not give the Commissioner jurisdiction over decisions made by certain listed entities or persons.

16.21. Nothing in this division may be construed as conferring on the Commissioner jurisdiction over the decisions made by a professional order, department, body, educational institution or person. 2009, c. 50, s. 5; 2017, c. 11, s. 20.
Section 16.21Verify source
§ 16.22Section 16.22Provision

The Commissioner has no jurisdiction over matters covered by the listed sections and paragraphs.

16.22. The Commissioner does not have jurisdiction over matters referred to in sections 45 to 45.2, paragraphs 2 to 4.1 of section 46 and sections 46.0.1 and 48 to 53. 2017, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 16.22Verify source
§ 16.23Section 16.23Provision

The Commissioner must refuse or stop examining a complaint if the affected person enters a private dispute prevention and resolution process, or if the dispute is brought before a court covered by section 1 of the Courts of Justice Act.

16.23. The Commissioner shall refuse or cease to examine a complaint if the person whose interests are affected by the complaint enters into a private dispute prevention and resolution process or if the dispute is brought before any court referred to in section 1 of the Courts of Justice Act (chapter T-16). 2017, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 16.23Verify source
§ 16.24Section 16.24Provision

The Access to Training Coordination Hub must prepare reports and propose solutions on access to training.

16.24. The Access to Training Coordination Hub is established. Its function is to draw up a status report on access to training, identify problems and issues related to training, identify statistical data collection needs, ensure collaboration between the professional orders, educational institutions and departments concerned, and propose solutions to the problems identified. In this chapter, “training” means any training a professional order requires a person to acquire under a regulation made under paragraph c, c.1 or c.2 of section 93, subparagraph i of the first paragrah of section 94 as regards standards of equivalence, or subparagraph j, q or r of that paragraph of that section. 2017, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 16.24Verify source
§ 16.25Section 16.25Provision

The Access to Training Coordination Hub is chaired by the chair of the Office, with other members designated by the Government after consultation with the Office. It may also appoint temporary members to take part in its proceedings.

16.25. The Access to Training Coordination Hub is chaired by the chair of the Office and is composed of the other members designated by the Government after consultation with the Office. The Hub may also appoint temporary members to participate in its proceedings. 2017, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 16.25Verify source
§ 16.26Section 16.26Provision

The Access to Training Coordination Hub must file an annual activity report with the Government, and the report must be published on the Office’s website.

16.26. The Access to Training Coordination Hub shall file an activity report with the Government annually. The report must also be published on the Office’s website. 2017, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 16.26Verify source
§ 16.27Section 16.27Provision

The Office may make recommendations on access to training, and the recipient must reply in writing within 60 days. The Office must also include the recommendations and the follow-up in its activity report.

16.27. The Office may make recommendations on access to training to a department, body, professional order, educational institution or any other person. Within 60 days after receiving a recommendation, the department, body, professional order, educational institution or person concerned shall inform the Office in writing of the actions it, he or she intends to take as a result of the recommendation or, if it, he or she has decided not to act upon the recommendation, of the reasons for that decision. The Office shall, in its activity report, include the recommendations and an account of the follow-up given to them pursuant to this section. 2017, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 16.27Verify source
§ 17Section 17Provision

A Québec Interprofessional Council is established.

17. A “Québec Interprofessional Council”, called “Conseil interprofessionnel du Québec” in French, is established. 1973, c. 43, s. 17.
Section 17Verify source
§ 18Section 18Provision

The Interprofessional Council is a legal person.

18. The Interprofessional Council is a legal person. 1973, c. 43, s. 18; 1999, c. 40, s. 58.
Section 18Verify source
§ 19Section 19Provision

The Council must advise the Minister on referred matters and alert the Minister to matters it thinks need government action. It may also study professional-order issues, make recommendations, provide information, form committees, and charge fees for studies, research, or services.

19. The Interprofessional Council shall advise the Minister on any matter he refers to it. It shall bring to the Minister’s attention any matter which, in its opinion, requires government action. In addition to the functions conferred on it by law, the Council may, in particular, after consulting its members, (1) examine the problems of a general nature encountered by professional orders and communicate its findings to the orders concerned together with the recommendations it considers appropriate; (2) propose to the Minister objectives to be pursued, both in the short and the long term, to ensure the protection of the public by the orders, and review such objectives periodically; (3) suggest to the Minister and to the Office the measures it considers appropriate to enable the Office to perform its supervisory role; (4) at the request of the Minister or of one or more orders, provide the public with information concerning the professional system, professionals and the duties and powers of the orders; (5) make suggestions concerning amendments to be made to this Code and other Acts and in particular to the Acts constituting the professional orders, or to the regulations or by-laws made under this Code and such Acts; (6) invite groups recognized or not as professional orders, whose members are engaged in related activities, to meet to find solutions to their problems; (7) hear any group wishing to be recognized as a professional order and submit to the Government and to the Office the recommendations it considers appropriate in respect of the recognition of such group; (8) carry out studies and give its advice on any matter relating to the protection of the public that must be ensured by the orders. In the exercise of its functions, the Council may form special committees to study particular matters and direct them to compile the relevant information and to report to the Council on their observations and recommendations. The Council may charge fees for the carrying out of studies or research or for the provision of services. 1973, c. 43, s. 19; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1994, c. 40, s. 12.
Section 19Verify source
§ 19.1Section 19.1Provision

19.1. The Minister may, in particular, submit to the Interprofessional Council, for advice, (1) any draft amendments to this Code, before they are introduced in the National Assembly, and any draft regulation or by-law under this Code,

19.1. The Minister may, in particular, submit to the Interprofessional Council, for advice, (1) any draft amendments to this Code, before they are introduced in the National Assembly, and any draft regulation or by-law under this Code, made by the Government or subject to government approval, and affecting all orders; (2) any proposal to constitute a new order; (3) any other matter of general interest to the professional orders; (4) the amount of the contribution provided for in section 196.2 and determined under Chapter VIII.1; (5) the budget estimates of the Office. The Council shall give its advice within the time fixed by the Minister. 1994, c. 40, s. 12; 1995, c. 50, s. 2; 2008, c. 11, s. 4; 2017, c. 11, s. 22.
Section 19.1Verify source
§ 20Section 20Substitution

This section sets out how the Interprofessional Council is composed, how its chair is chosen, and what the chair and Council must do.

20. The Interprofessional Council shall consist of the professional orders; each order shall be represented thereon by its president or by another member designated by the board of directors. The chair of the Council shall be elected by the members of the Council in the manner determined by a by-law adopted under the seventh paragraph. Unless a by-law adopted under the seventh paragraph provides otherwise, any member of a professional order may run for the office of chair of the Council. The chair of the Council may not hold that office concurrently with the office of president of a professional order or any other function determined in a by-law adopted under the seventh paragraph. Neither may he act as a member designated by the board of directors pursuant to the first paragraph. If the chair of the Council represented a professional order pursuant to the first paragraph, the professional order of which he is a member shall designate a substitute for him. If the office of chair of the Council becomes vacant, the chair shall be replaced for the unexpired portion of his term by another member of the Council elected in the same manner. The chair of the Council shall direct the activities of the Council and coordinate its work; he shall act as liaison between the Council and the Minister, and between the Council and the Office. The Council shall adopt a by-law determining the term of office of the chair of the Council and the manner in which he is to be elected. The by-law may prescribe other eligibility criteria for the office of chair of the Council and determine other functions that are incompatible with that office. The by-law comes into force on the fifteenth day following the date of its adoption. 1973, c. 43, s. 20; 1974, c. 65, s. 4; 1977, c. 66, s. 1; 1994, c. 40, s. 13; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 213; 2017, c. 11, s. 23.
Section 20Verify source
§ 20.1Section 20.1Provision

The Interprofessional Council may adopt by-law rules about how it conducts its affairs, and those rules take effect 15 days after adoption.

20.1. The Interprofessional Council may, by by-law, adopt rules governing the conduct of its affairs. Such rules shall come into force on the fifteenth day following the date of their adoption. 1994, c. 40, s. 14.
Section 20.1Verify source
§ 21Section 21Provision

Each order must pay the contribution set by the Interprofessional Council every year for the proper administration of the Council’s affairs.

21. Each order must make each year to the Interprofessional Council the contribution required by the Council for the proper administration of its affairs. 1973, c. 43, s. 21; 1994, c. 40, s. 15.
Section 21Verify source
§ 22Section 22Provision

The Interprofessional Council must report its activities to the Minister by 30 September each year, and the report must be laid before the National Assembly under the stated timing rule.

22. Not later than 30 September each year, the Interprofessional Council shall make a report of its activities to the Minister. Such report shall be laid before the National Assembly if it is in session or, if it is not, within thirty days of the opening of the next session. 1973, c. 43, s. 22; 2017, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 22Verify source
§ 23Section 23Provision

Each order must protect the public.

23. The principal function of each order shall be to ensure the protection of the public. For this purpose it must in particular supervise the practice of the profession by its members. 1973, c. 43, s. 23; 1994, c. 40, s. 18.
Section 23Verify source
§ 24Section 24Provision

Professional orders listed in the first paragraph of Schedule I are constituted by a special Act; those in the second paragraph are constituted under this Code.

24. The professional orders mentioned in the first paragraph of Schedule I are constituted by a special Act. Those mentioned in the second paragraph of that Schedule are constituted in accordance with this Code. 1973, c. 43, s. 24; 1994, c. 40, s. 19; 2020, c. 15, s. 1.
Section 24Verify source
§ 25Section 25Provision

When deciding whether to constitute a professional order or integrate a group into one, the authority must consider several listed factors.

25. To determine if a professional order should or should not be constituted or if a group of persons should or should not be integrated into one of the orders referred to in Division III of Chapter IV, account shall be taken particularly of the following factors: (1) the knowledge required to engage in the activities of the persons who would be governed by the order which it is proposed to constitute; (2) the degree of independence enjoyed by the persons who would be members of the order in engaging in the activities concerned, and the difficulty which persons not having the same training and qualifications would have in assessing those activities; (3) the personal nature of the relationships between such persons and those having recourse to their services, by reason of the special trust which the latter must place in them, particularly because such persons provide them with care or administer their property; (4) the gravity of the prejudice which might be sustained by those who have recourse to the services of such persons because their competence or integrity was not supervised by the order; (5) the confidential nature of the information which such persons are called upon to have in practising their profession. 1973, c. 43, s. 25; 1994, c. 40, s. 20; 1998, c. 14, s. 3; 1999, c. 40, s. 58.
Section 25Verify source
§ 26Section 26Provision

Members of an order cannot be given the exclusive right to practise a profession unless an Act authorizes it.

26. The members of an order shall not be granted the exclusive right to practise a profession except by an Act; that right must not be granted except in cases where the acts done by these persons are of such a nature and the freedom to act they have by reason of the nature of their ordinary working conditions are such that for the protection of the public they cannot be done by persons not having the training and qualifications required to be members of the order. 1973, c. 43, s. 26; 1994, c. 40, s. 21.
Section 26Verify source
§ 27Section 27Commencement

The Government may create a professional order by letters patent after consulting the Office and the Interprofessional Council.

27. The Government, after consultation with the Office and the Interprofessional Council, may constitute by letters patent any professional order which groups the persons to whom it deems it necessary, for the protection of the public, to grant a reserved title. However, no letters patent under this section may be issued less than 60 days after the publication by the Minister of the draft letters patent in the Gazette officielle du Québec, with a notice that the draft will be considered by the Government upon the expiry of 60 days following such publication. The letters patent constituting a new order shall set out the titles, abbreviations and initials reserved for its members, a description of the professional activities they may engage in in addition to those otherwise permitted by law and a description of any reserved activities they may engage in, the various categories of permits on the basis of the professional activities that the members may engage in or the titles they may use, and the conditions and restrictions to which members must submit when engaging in such activities or using such titles. Furthermore, they may provide for such transitional measures as are considered necessary to facilitate the commencement of the order’s activities. These measures may, among other matters, pertain to the regulations applicable to members and the replacement of such regulations, the conditions of admission of persons as initial members of the new order, the composition and operation of the board of directors, the duration of the initial term of office of the directors, the manner in which the president and the directors are to be elected and the designation of the order. The letters patent constituting a new order shall be published in the Gazette officielle du Québec after they are issued, and the order shall be constituted as of such publication. The Québec Official Publisher must include in the annual statutes a table indicating the dates of publication of the letters patent mentioned in the fourth paragraph. The letters patent constituting a new order shall cease to have effect on the day of the coming into force of the provisions amending this Code for the purpose of introducing into it the titles, abbreviations and initials reserved for the order’s members, a description of the professional activities they may engage in and any other relevant provision. Any transitional measures contained in the letters patent that continue to be useful, however, shall remain in force. 1973, c. 43, s. 27; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1994, c. 40, s. 22; 1998, c. 14, s. 4; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 28, s. 1.
Section 27Verify source
§ 27.1Section 27.1Amendment

Before they cease to have effect, the Government may amend a new order’s letters patent by issuing supplementary letters patent.

27.1. At any time before the day on which they cease to have effect, the Government may amend the letters patent constituting a new order by issuing supplementary letters patent. Section 27 applies, with the necessary modifications, to the supplementary letters patent. 1994, c. 40, s. 23.
Section 27.1Verify source
§ 27.2Section 27.2Amendment

The Government may amalgamate or integrate certain professional orders by order, but only after required consultations and subject to timing, publication, content, and transitional-measure rules.

27.2. The Government may, by order, after consultation with the Office, the interprofessional council and the orders concerned, amalgamate two or more orders referred to in Division III of Chapter IV to ensure increased protection of the public. The Government may, by order, integrate into an order referred to in Division III of Chapter IV a group of persons to whom it considers necessary, for the protection of the public, to grant a reserved title. However, such integration may only be effected after consultation with the Office, the interprofessional council and the order concerned as well as with the organizations, if any, which represent the group of persons concerned. However, no order may be made under this section less than 60 days after the publication by the Minister of the proposal for amalgamation or integration in the Gazette officielle du Québec, with a notice that the proposal will be considered by the Government upon the expiry of 60 days following such publication. The amalgamation or integration order shall set out the titles, abbreviations and initials reserved for the members of the order concerned, a description of the professional activities they may engage in in addition to those otherwise permitted by law and a description of any reserved activities they may engage in, the categories of permits on the basis of the professional activities that the members may engage in or the titles they may use, and the conditions and restrictions to which the members must submit when engaging in such activities or using such titles. The amalgamation or integration order may provide for such transitional measures as are considered necessary to facilitate the amalgamation or integration. These measures may, among other matters, pertain to the regulations applicable to the members of the order concerned and the replacement of such regulations, the conditions of admission of those persons, the composition and operation of the board of directors, the duration of the initial term of office of the directors, the manner in which the president and the directors are to be elected and the designation of the order. The amalgamation or integration order shall be published in the Gazette officielle du Québec and shall come into force 15 days after such publication or on any later date indicated in the order. The Québec Official Publisher shall insert in the annual volume of statutes a table indicating the date of publication of an order mentioned in the sixth paragraph. The amalgamation or integration order shall cease to have effect on the day of the coming into force of the provisions amending this Code for the purpose of introducing the titles, abbreviations and initials reserved for the members of the order concerned, a description of the professional activities they may engage in and any other relevant provision. Any transitional measures contained in the order that continue to be useful shall, however, remain in force. 1998, c. 14, s. 5; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 28, s. 2.
Section 27.2Verify source
§ 27.3Section 27.3Amendment

The Government may amend the amalgamation or integration order by order before it stops having effect.

27.3. The Government may, by order, amend the amalgamation or integration order at any time before the day on which it ceases to have effect. Section 27.2, adapted as required, applies to the order. 1998, c. 14, s. 5.
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§ 28Section 28Provision

Each order must consist of its member professionals and is a legal person.

28. Each order shall consist of the professionals who are members of it, and shall be a legal person. 1973, c. 43, s. 28; 1994, c. 40, s. 24; 1999, c. 40, s. 58.
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§ 29Section 29Provision

A professional order may hypothecate its property to secure obligations or securities it issues, and must dispose of immovables unused for seven consecutive years within a reasonable time.

29. A professional order may hypothecate its movable or immovable property to secure payment of the obligations or securities it issues. It must dispose within a reasonable time of immovables which have not been used for a period of seven consecutive years in the pursuit of its objects. 1973, c. 43, s. 29; 1992, c. 57, s. 481; 1994, c. 40, s. 25.
Section 29Verify source
§ 30Section 30Provision

Only orders to which this Code applies may use the expression “professional order”.

30. Only the orders to which this Code applies may use the expression “professional order”, any other expression that includes both words or an expression leading to the belief that reference is being made to an order governed by this Code. 1973, c. 43, s. 30; 1994, c. 40, s. 26.
Section 30Verify source
§ 30.1Section 30.1Provision

An entity must not act in a way that would make others believe it is an order if it is not.

30.1. No entity may act in such a way as to lead to the belief that it is an order if that is not the case. 2008, c. 11, s. 5.
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§ 31Section 31Provision

In this division, “order” and “professional order” mean a professional order mentioned in the first paragraph of Schedule I.

31. In this division, the words “order” and “professional order” mean a professional order mentioned in the first paragraph of Schedule I. 1973, c. 43, s. 31; 1994, c. 40, s. 27; 1994, c. 37, s. 16; 1995, c. 41, s. 20; 1999, c. 24, s. 16; 2001, c. 12, s. 12; 2012, c. 11, s. 18; 2020, c. 15, s. 2.
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§ 32Section 32Provision

32. No person shall claim in any manner to be an advocate, notary, physician, dentist, pharmacist, optometrist, veterinary surgeon, agrologist, architect, engineer, land-surveyor, forest engineer, chemist, medical imaging technologist,

32. No person shall claim in any manner to be an advocate, notary, physician, dentist, pharmacist, optometrist, veterinary surgeon, agrologist, architect, engineer, land-surveyor, forest engineer, chemist, medical imaging technologist, radiation oncology technologist or medical electrophysiology technologist, denturologist, dispensing optician, chiropractor, hearing-aid acoustician, podiatrist, nurse, acupuncturist, bailiff, midwife, geologist or chartered professional accountant, or use one of the above titles or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is one, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is one, or engage in a professional activity reserved to the members of a professional order, claim to have the right to do so or act in such a way as to lead to the belief that he is authorized to do so, unless he holds a valid, appropriate permit and is entered on the roll of the order empowered to issue the permit, unless it is allowed by law. The prohibition relating to the use of any titles, abbreviations or initials mentioned in the first paragraph or in an Act constituting a professional order extends to the use of such titles, abbreviations and initials in a feminine form. 1973, c. 43, s. 32; 1993, c. 38, s. 1; 1994, c. 40, s. 28; 1994, c. 37, s. 17; 1995, c. 41, s. 21; 1999, c. 24, s. 17; 2000, c. 13, s. 1; 2001, c. 12, s. 13; 2009, c. 35, s. 1; 2012, c. 11, s. 19; 2012, c. 10, s. 8.
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§ 33Section 33Repeal

Section 33 is repealed.

33. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 33; 1988, c. 29, s. 3; 1994, c. 40, s. 29; 2008, c. 11, s. 6.
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§ 34Section 34Provision

Section 32 does not prevent certain persons from performing professional acts if they comply with a regulation made under section 94(h).

34. Section 32 shall not prevent persons or categories of persons from engaging in professional acts that may be engaged in by the members of a professional order, provided they do so in accordance with the provisions of a regulation under subparagraph h of the first paragraph of section 94. 1973, c. 43, s. 34; 1994, c. 40, s. 30.
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§ 35Section 35Provision

In this division, “order” and “professional order” mean the specified professional orders, and those professional orders may use either designation.

35. In this division, the words “order” and “professional order” mean a professional order mentioned in the second paragraph of Schedule I or a professional order constituted under section 27. Such professional orders may use the designation “professional order” or “order”. 1973, c. 43, s. 35; 1994, c. 40, s. 31; 2020, c. 15, s. 3.
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§ 36Section 36Provision

36. No person shall in any way whatsoever: (a) use the title “Vocational Guidance Counsellor”, “Guidance Counsellor”, “Vocational Counsellor” or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is such a counsellor, or use

36. No person shall in any way whatsoever: (a) use the title “Vocational Guidance Counsellor”, “Guidance Counsellor”, “Vocational Counsellor” or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is such a counsellor, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is such a counsellor, or use the initials “V.G.C.”, “G.C.” or “V.C.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec; (b) use the title “Criminologist” or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a criminologist, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a criminologist, or use the abbreviation “Criminol.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des criminologues du Québec; (c) use the title “Dietician”, “Dietitian” or “Nutritionist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a dietician, a dietitian or a nutritionist, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a dietician, a dietitian or a nutritionist, or the initials “P.Dt.”, “Dt.P.” or “R.D.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des diététistes-nutritionnistes du Québec; (d) use the title “Social Worker” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a social worker, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a social worker or the initials “P.S.W.”, “T.S.P.”, “S.W.” or “T.S.”, or use the title “Marriage and Family Therapist”, “Couple and Family Therapist”, “Marriage Therapist”, “Couple Therapist”, “Family Therapist”, or a title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is such a therapist, or use the initials “M.F.T.”, “T.C.F.”,“C.F.T.”, “M.T.”, “C.T.”, “T.C.”, “F.T.” or “T.F.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec; (e) use the title “Psychologist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a psychologist, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a psychologist, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec; (f) use the title “Certified Human Resources Professional” or “Certified Industrial Relations Counsellor” or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a certified human resources professional or a certified industrial relations counsellor, or use the initials “C.R.I.”, “I.R.C.”, “C.R.I.A.”, “C.I.R.C.”, “C.R.H.A.” or “C.H.R.P.” unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des conseillers en ressources humaines et en relations industrielles agréés du Québec; (g) use the title “Psychoeducator” or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a psychoeducator, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a psychoeducator, or use the abbreviation “Ps. Ed.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices du Québec; (h) use the title “Urbanist”, “Town Planner” or “City Planner” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is an urbanist or a town or city planner, or the abbreviation “urb.”, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is an urbanist or a town or city planner, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des urbanistes du Québec; (i) use the title “Chartered Administrator” or “Certified Management Advisor” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a chartered administrator or a certified management advisor, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a chartered administrator or a certified management advisor, or the initials “C.Adm.”, “Adm.A.” or “C.M.C.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des administrateurs agréés du Québec; (j) use the title “Chartered Appraiser” or “Chartered Assessor” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a chartered appraiser or chartered assessor, or use letters which may lead to the belief that he is a chartered appraiser or chartered assessor, or the letters “C.App.” or “E.A.”, unless he holds a valid permit for such purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des évaluateurs agréés du Québec; (k) use the title “Dental Hygienist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a dental hygienist, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a dental hygienist, or the initials “D.H.”, “H.D.” or “R.D.H.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec; (l) use the title “Dental Prosthesis and Appliance Technologist” or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a dental prosthesis and appliance technologist, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a dental prosthesis and appliance technologist, or the initials “D.P.A.T.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des technologues en prothèses et appareils dentaires du Québec; (m) use the title “Speech Therapist”, “Speech-Language Pathologist” or “Audiologist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a speech therapist, speech-language pathologist or an audiologist, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a speech therapist or audiologist, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des orthophonistes et audiologistes du Québec; (n) use the title “Physiotherapist”, “Physical Therapist” or “Physiotherapy Technologist”, the abbreviation “pht” or “Phys. T.”, the initials “P.T.” or any title, abbreviation or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a physiotherapist or a physiotherapy technologist, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec; (o) use the title “Occupational Therapist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is an occupational therapist, or the abbreviation “erg.”, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is an occupational therapist or the initials “O.T.” or “O.T.R.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des ergothérapeutes du Québec; (p) use the title “Nursing Assistant” or “Licensed Practical Nurse” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a nursing assistant, or the abbreviation “inf.aux.” or “n.ass’t”, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a nursing assistant, or the initials “I.A.”, “I.A.D.”, “I.A.L.”, “L.P.N.”, “N.A.” or “R.N.A.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des infirmières et infirmiers auxiliaires du Québec; (q) use the title “Medical Technologist” or “Registered Technologist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a medical technologist or registered technologist, or the abbreviation “tech.med.”, or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a medical technologist or registered technologist, or the initials “M.T.” or “R.T.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des technologistes médicaux du Québec; (r) use the title “Applied Sciences Technologist”, “Professional Technologist” or “Professional Technician” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is an applied sciences technologist, professional technologist or professional technician, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is an applied sciences technologist, a professional technologist or a professional technician or the initials “A.Sc.T.”, “P.T.”, “T.Sc.A.” or “T.P.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des technologues professionnels du Québec; (s) use the title “Registered Respiratory Therapist” or “Technician in Inhalation Therapy and Anesthesia” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a registered respiratory therapist or technician in inhalation therapy and anesthesia, or the abbreviation “Inh.”, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a registered respiratory therapist or technician in inhalation therapy and anesthesia, or the initials “R.R.T.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des inhalothérapeutes du Québec; (t) use the title “Certified Translator”, “Certified Terminologist” or “Certified Interpreter”, or any title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a certified translator, certified terminologist or certified interpreter, or use initials which may lead to the belief that he is a certified translator, certified terminologist or certified interpreter or use the abbreviations “C.Tr.”, “C.Term.” or “C.Int.” or “trad.a.”, “term.a.” or “int.a.”, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes agréés du Québec; (u) use the title “Sexologist” or any title, abbreviation or initials which may lead to the belief that he is a sexologist, unless he holds a valid permit for that purpose and is entered on the roll of the Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec. The prohibition relating to the use of any titles, abbreviations or initials mentioned in the first paragraph extends to the use of such titles, abbreviations and initials in a feminine form. 1973, c. 43, s. 36; 1977, c. 5, s. 229; 1987, c. 17, s. 1; 1988, c. 29, s. 4; 1993, c. 38, s. 2; 1994, c. 40, s. 32; 2000, c. 13, s. 2; 2009, c. 35, s. 2; 2012, c. 11, s. 20; 2009, c. 28, s. 3; 2020, c. 15, s. 4; 2026, c. 8, s. 4.
Section 36Verify source
§ 37Section 37Offence

Members of the listed professional orders may perform the professional activities described in this section, in addition to anything else allowed by law.

37. Every member of one of the following professional orders may engage in the following professional activities in addition to those otherwise allowed him by law: (a) the Ordre professionnel des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec: assess psychological functioning, personal resources and conditions in the milieu, respond to needs with regard to identity, and develop and maintain proactive adjustment strategies with a view to helping a person make personal and vocational choices throughout life, regain socio-vocational autonomy and carry out career projects in interaction with his environment; (b) the Ordre professionnel des criminologues du Québec: assess a person’s criminogenic factors and offending behaviour as well as the effects of a criminal offence on the person who is a victim, determine an intervention plan and ensure that it is implemented, support and restore the social skills of the offender and of the person who is a victim with a view to fostering their social integration in interaction with their environment; (c) the Ordre professionnel des diététistes-nutritionnistes du Québec: assess the nutritional status of a person and determine and ensure the implementation of a treatment and intervention plan designed to tailor diet to needs in order to maintain, improve or restore the health of a person in interaction with his environment or provide appropriate symptom relief; (d) the Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec: i. if practising the profession of social worker: assess social functioning, determine an intervention plan and see to its implementation, and support and restore social functioning in relation to a person’s milieu with a view to fostering the optimal development of the person in interaction with his environment; ii. if practising the profession of marriage and family therapist: assess the relationship dynamics of couples and families, determine a treatment and intervention plan, and restore and improve a couple’s or a family’s lines of communication with a view to fostering better relations between spouses or family members in interaction with their environment; (e) the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec: assess psychological and mental functioning, and determine, recommend and carry out interventions or treatments with a view to fostering the psychological health and restoring the mental health of a person in interaction with his environment; (f) the Ordre professionnel des conseillers en ressources humaines et en relations industrielles agréés du Québec: practise the art of establishing, maintaining or changing relations between employees, between employers or between employers and employees; (g) the Ordre professionnel des psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices du Québec: assess a person’s adjustment problems and capacity to adjust, determine an intervention plan and ensure that it is implemented, restore and develop the person’s capacity to adjust, and contribute to the development of conditions in the milieu with a view to fostering the person’s optimal adjustment in interaction with his environment; (h) the Ordre professionnel des urbanistes du Québec: provide the public with professional services involving the application of the principles and methods of development and use of urban land or land to be urbanized; (i) the Ordre professionnel des administrateurs agréés du Québec: take part in the establishment, direction and management of public bodies or undertakings, determine or remodel their structures and coordinate and control their methods of production or distribution and their economic or financial policies and provide advisory services in such matters; (j) the Ordre professionnel des évaluateurs agréés du Québec: give in all respects a duly motivated opinion on the value of any immovable property or right and, in matters of expropriation, of any movable or immovable property or right and determine the value of property subject to assessment in accordance with the Act respecting municipal taxation (chapter F-2.1), the Municipal Code (chapter C-27.1), the Cities and Towns Act (chapter C-19), the Education Act (chapter I-13.3), the Education Act for Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Native Persons (chapter I-14) and the special laws applicable to municipalities, to school service centres and to school boards; (k) the Ordre professionnel des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec: assess a person’s oral health, teach the principles of oral hygiene, determine a dental hygiene care plan and ensure that it is carried out, and provide care and treatment in order to prevent oral disease and maintain and restore the person’s oral health; (l) the Ordre professionnel des technologues en prothèses et appareils dentaires du Québec: produce dental prostheses or dental appliances in order to replace a person’s missing teeth or to correct an oral abnormality and advise the dentist, denturologist or physician, in particular on technical aspects; (m) the Ordre professionnel des orthophonistes et audiologistes du Québec: assess the auditory, language, voice and speech functions, determine a treatment and intervention plan and ensure its implementation in order to improve or restore communication for a person in interaction with his environment; (n) the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec: assess physical function limitations and disabilities related to the neurological, musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary systems, determine a treatment plan and apply treatment in order to obtain optimal functional performance; (o) the Ordre professionnel des ergothérapeutes du Québec: assess functional abilities, determine and implement a treatment and intervention plan, develop, restore or maintain a person’s skills, compensate disabilities, reduce handicapping situations and tailor the environment to needs with a view to fostering the optimal autonomy of the person in interaction with his environment; (p) the Ordre professionnel des infirmières et infirmiers auxiliaires du Québec: participate in the assessment of a person’s state of health and in the carrying out of a care plan, provide nursing and medical care and treatment to maintain or restore health and prevent illness, and provide palliative care; (q) the Ordre professionnel des technologistes médicaux du Québec: conduct analyses and tests in the field of medical biology on the human body or on specimens and ensure the technical validity of the results for diagnostic or therapeutic follow-up purposes; (r) the Ordre professionnel des technologues professionnels du Québec: subject to any Act governing a professional order whose members practise an exclusive profession, perform work of a technical nature in the field of applied sciences within his competence, according to procedures, recognized standards and methods or according to plans, estimates or specifications, and use the instruments required for the performance of such work; (s) the Ordre professionnel des inhalothérapeutes du Québec: assess a person’s cardiopulmonary condition, participate in the administration of anesthesia and sedation analgesia, and treat problems affecting the cardiopulmonary system in order to restore and maintain the person’s cardiopulmonary health; (t) the Ordre professionnel des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes agréés du Québec: provide services consisting in the translation of texts, spoken words or terms from one language to another, as an intermediary between persons of different languages; (u) the Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec: assess a person’s sexual behaviour and development, determine, recommend and carry on interventions and treatment in order to foster a better sexual balance in the person in interaction with the person’s environment. 1973, c. 43, s. 37; 1974, c. 65, s. 6; 1975, c. 80, s. 2; 1977, c. 5, s. 229; 1979, c. 72, s. 490; 1987, c. 17, s. 2; 1988, c. 29, s. 5; 1988, c. 84, s. 698; 1993, c. 38, s. 3; 1994, c. 40, s. 33; 1996, c. 2, s. 218; 2000, c. 13, s. 3; 2000, c. 56, s. 124; 2002, c. 33, s. 1; 2009, c. 35, s. 3; 2012, c. 11, s. 21; 2009, c. 28, s. 4; 2020, c. 1, s. 181; 2020, c. 15, s. 5; 2021, c. 13, s. 141; 2026, c. 8, s. 5.
Section 37Verify source
§ 37.1Section 37.1Repeal

Members of the listed professional orders may perform the professional activities assigned to their order, subject to section 37.

37.1. Every member of one of the following professional orders may engage in the following professional activities, which are reserved to such members within the scope of the activities they may engage in under section 37: (1) the Ordre professionnel des diététistes-nutritionnistes du Québec: (a) determine a nutritional treatment plan, including the appropriate feeding route, with a view to contributing to the treatment of an illness; and (b) monitor the nutritional status of persons whose nutritional treatment plan has been determined; (1.1) the Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec: (1.1.1) if practising the profession of social worker: (a) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (b) assess a person further to a decision of the director of youth protection or of a tribunal made under the Youth Protection Act (chapter P-34.1); (c) assess an adolescent further to a decision of a court made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (S.C. 2002, c. 1); (d) assess a person with regard to child custody and access rights; (e) assess a person who wishes to adopt a child; (f) undertake the psychosocial assessment of a person for the purposes of tutorship to a person of full age, temporary representation of an incapable person of full age or a protection mandate; (g) determine the intervention plan for a person who suffers from a mental disorder or exhibits suicidal tendencies and who resides in a facility run by an institution operating a rehabilitation centre for young persons with adjustment problems; (h) assess a child not yet admissible to preschool education who shows signs of developmental delay, in order to determine the adjustment and rehabilitation services required; (i) make decisions as to the use of restraint measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system (chapter G-1.021), the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi (chapter S-4.2) and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons (chapter S-5); and (j) make decisions as to the use of isolation measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; (1.1.2) if practising the profession of marriage and family therapist: (a) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (b) assess a person with regard to child custody and access rights; and (c) assess a person who wishes to adopt a child; (1.2) the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec: (a) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (b) diagnose mental disorders; (c) diagnose neuropsychological disorders, provided a training certificate has been issued to the member by the Order pursuant to a regulation under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94; (d) assess an adolescent further to a decision of a court made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act; (e) assess a person with regard to child custody and access rights; (f) assess a person who wishes to adopt a child; (g) assess a handicapped student or a student with a social maladjustment with a view to formulating an individualized education plan in accordance with the Education Act (chapter I-13.3); (h) assess a child not yet admissible to preschool education who shows signs of developmental delay, in order to determine the adjustment and rehabilitation services required; (i) make decisions as to the use of restraint measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; and (j) make decisions as to the use of isolation measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; (1.3) the Ordre professionnel des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec: (a) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (b) diagnose mental disorders, provided a continuing education certificate has been issued to the member by the Order pursuant to a regulation under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94; (c) diagnose intellectual disabilities; and (d) assess a handicapped student or a student with a social maladjustment with a view to formulating an individualized education plan in accordance with the Education Act; (1.3.1) (paragraph repealed); (1.3.2) (paragraph repealed); (1.4) the Ordre professionnel des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec: (a) assess a person’s oral condition; (b) topically apply an anaesthetic, anticariogenic or desensitizing agent; (c) seal pits and grooves; (d) polish teeth; (e) place a temporary filling without preparing a cavity; (f) carry out supra and subgingival scaling; (g) design, fabricate and sell mouth guards; (h) perform diagnostic tests, including the taking of x-rays, according to a prescription; (i) perform non-surgical periodontal debridement, in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed in a regulation adopted by the board of directors of the Order, after consultation with the Office and the Ordre professionnel des dentistes du Québec, or according to a prescription; (j) insert and sculpt filling material according to a prescription; (k) fabricate and cement temporary restorations on natural teeth and remove them according to a prescription; (l) place and remove periodontal dressings according to a prescription; (m) remove sutures according to a prescription; (n) contribute to orthodontic treatments and follow-ups according to a prescription; and (o) apply teeth whitening techniques according to a prescription; (1.5) the Ordre professionnel des technologues en prothèses et appareils dentaires du Québec: design, fabricate and repair dental prostheses and dental appliances according to a prescription; (2) the Ordre professionnel des orthophonistes et audiologistes du Québec: (a) assess hearing disorders; (b) adjust a hearing aid in the course of an audiological procedure; (c) make a functional assessment of a person where required under an Act; (d) diagnose language disorders and learning disorders related to language; (d.1) assess speech and voice disorders; (e) assess a handicapped student or a student with a social maladjustment with a view to formulating an individualized education plan in accordance with the Education Act; and (f) assess a child not yet admissible to preschool education who shows signs of developmental delay, in order to determine the adjustment and rehabilitation services required; (3) the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec: (a) assess neuromusculoskeletal function in a person having a physical function limitation or disability; (b) make a functional assessment of a person where required under an Act; (c) introduce an instrument or a finger in the human body beyond the labia majora or anal margin; (d) introduce an instrument in the human body in and beyond the pharynx or the nasal vestibule; (e) use invasive forms of energy; (f) provide treatment for wounds; (g) make decisions as to the use of restraint measures; (h) insert needles under the dermis to reduce inflammation, as a supplemental means, provided a training certificate has been issued to the member by the Order pursuant to a regulation under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94; and (i) perform spinal and joint manipulations, provided a training certificate has been issued to the member by the Order pursuant to a regulation under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94; (4) the Ordre professionnel des ergothérapeutes du Québec: (a) make a functional assessment of a person where required under an Act; (b) assess neuromusculoskeletal function in a person having a physical function limitation or disability; (c) provide treatment for wounds; (d) make decisions as to the use of restraint measures; (e) make decisions as to the use of isolation measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; (f) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (g) assess a handicapped student or a student with a social maladjustment with a view to formulating an individualized education plan in accordance with the Education Act; and (h) assess a child not yet admissible to preschool education who shows signs of developmental delay, in order to determine the adjustment and rehabilitation services required; (5) the Ordre professionnel des infirmières et infirmiers auxiliaires du Québec: (a) apply invasive measures for the maintenance of therapeutic equipment; (b) take specimens, according to a prescription; (c) provide care and treatment for wounds and alterations of the skin and teguments, according to a prescription or a nursing plan; (d) observe the state of consciousness of a person and monitor neurological signs; (e) mix substances to complete the preparation of a medication, according to a prescription; (f) administer prescribed medications or other prescribed substances via routes other than the intravenous route; (g) participate in vaccination operations under the Public Health Act (chapter S-2.2); (h) introduce an instrument or a finger, according to a prescription, beyond the nasal vestibule, labia majora, urinary meatus or anal margin or into an artificial opening in the human body; and (i) introduce an instrument, according to a prescription, into a peripheral vein in order to take a specimen; (6) the Ordre professionnel des technologistes médicaux du Québec: (a) take specimens; (b) perform phlebotomies, according to a prescription; (c) introduce an instrument, according to a prescription, in and beyond the pharynx or beyond the nasal vestibule, urinary meatus, labia majora or anal margin or into a peripheral vein; (d) administer, including intravenously from a peripheral site, prescribed medications or other prescribed substances, provided a training certificate has been issued to the member by the Order pursuant to a regulation under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94; and (e) mix substances to complete the preparation of a medication, according to a prescription; (7) the Ordre professionnel des inhalothérapeutes du Québec: (a) provide ventilatory assistance, according to a prescription; (b) take specimens, according to a prescription; (c) test cardiopulmonary function, according to a prescription; (d) provide clinical monitoring of the condition of persons under anesthesia, including sedation analgesia, or under ventilatory assistance; (e) administer and adjust prescribed medications or other prescribed substances; (f) mix substances to complete the preparation of a medication, according to a prescription; and (g) introduce an instrument, according to a prescription, into a peripheral vein or an artificial opening or in and beyond the pharynx or beyond the nasal vestibule; (h) assess the cardiopulmonary condition of a symptomatic person; (8) the Ordre professionnel des psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices du Québec: (a) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (b) assess a person further to a decision of the director of youth protection or of a tribunal made under the Youth Protection Act; (c) assess an adolescent further to a decision of a court made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act; (d) determine the intervention plan for a person who suffers from a mental disorder or exhibits suicidal tendencies and who resides in a facility run by an institution operating a rehabilitation centre for young persons with adjustment problems; (e) assess a handicapped student or a student with a social maladjustment with a view to formulating an individualized education plan in accordance with the Education Act; (f) assess a child not yet admissible to preschool education who shows signs of developmental delay, in order to determine the appropriate adjustment and rehabilitation services to meet the child’s needs; (g) make decisions as to the use of restraint measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; and (h) make decisions as to the use of isolation measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; (9) the Ordre professionnel des criminologues du Québec: (a) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; (b) assess a person further to a decision of the director of youth protection or of a tribunal made under the Youth Protection Act; (c) assess an adolescent further to a decision of a court made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act; (d) make decisions as to the use of restraint measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; (e) make decisions as to the use of isolation measures in accordance with the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system, the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi and the Act respecting health services and social services for Cree Native persons; and (f) determine the intervention plan for a person who suffers from a mental disorder or exhibits suicidal tendencies and who resides in a facility run by an institution operating a rehabilitation centre for young persons with adjustment problems; (10) the Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec: (a) diagnose sexual disorders, provided a continuing education certificate has been issued to the member by the Order pursuant to a regulation under subparagraph o.1 of the first paragraph of section 94; (b) assess a person suffering from a mental or neuropsychological disorder attested by the diagnosis established by an authorized professional; and (c) assess an adolescent further to a decision of a court made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act. 2002, c. 33, s. 2; 2009, c. 28, s. 5; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP); 2020, c. 15, s. 6; 2020, c. 11, s. 180; 2024, c. 31, s. 4; 2023, c. 34, s. 966; 2026, c. 8, s. 6.
Section 37.1Verify source
§ 37.2Section 37.2Provision

A person must not perform, claim a right to perform, or appear authorized to perform a professional activity reserved to members of a professional order, unless the person has a valid appropriate permit and is on the order’s roll, or the law allows it.

37.2. A person shall not in any manner engage in a professional activity reserved under section 37.1 to members of a professional order, claim to have the right to do so or act in such a way as to lead to the belief that the person is authorized to do so, unless the person holds a valid, appropriate permit and is entered on the roll of the order empowered to issue the permit, except if it is allowed by law. 2002, c. 33, s. 2.
Section 37.2Verify source
§ 38Section 38Provision

This section says the division should not be read as giving members of the covered order an exclusive right to do the activities in section 37, and it should not be read as stopping them from doing those activities.

38. Nothing in this division shall be interpreted as giving to members of an order to which it applies the exclusive right to engage in the activities described in section 37, in the letters patent constituting such order or in an amalgamation or integration order. The right to exercise a professional activity reserved under section 37.1 for members of a professional order must not be interpreted as prohibiting members of an order to which this division applies from exercising the activities described in section 37, in the letters patent constituting an order or in an amalgamation or integration order. 1973, c. 43, s. 38; 1994, c. 40, s. 34; 1998, c. 14, s. 6; 2009, c. 28, s. 6.
Section 38Verify source
§ 39Section 39Repeal

Section 39 is repealed.

39. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 39; 1988, c. 29, s. 6; 1994, c. 40, s. 35; 2008, c. 11, s. 7.
Section 39Verify source
§ 39.1Section 39.1Repeal

This section is repealed.

39.1. (Repealed). 2002, c. 33, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 7.
Section 39.1Verify source
§ 39.2Section 39.2Provision

In this division, “order” and “professional order” mean certain professional orders listed in Schedule I.

39.2. In this division, the words “order” and “professional order” mean a professional order mentioned in any of subparagraphs 10, 11, 14, 17, 22 and 25 of the first paragraph of Schedule I and subparagraphs 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 16 and 20 of the second paragraph of that Schedule. 2002, c. 33, s. 4; 2009, c. 28, s. 7; 2020, c. 15, s. 7.
Section 39.2Verify source
§ 39.3Section 39.3Provision

This section defines “prescription” for the Code and related professional-order legislation.

39.3. In this Code and in an Act constituting a professional order, unless the context indicates a different meaning, the word “prescription” means an individual or collective direction given by a professional authorized by law, specifying in particular the medications, treatments, examinations and other forms of care required, the circumstances in which they may be required and the possible contraindications. For the purposes of the first paragraph, a person authorized by a law of another province or of a territory of Canada is also a professional authorized by law to the extent that the person would be authorized to give such a prescription if the person engaged in the person’s activities in Québec. 2002, c. 33, s. 4; 2012, c. 10, s. 9; 2011, c. 37, s. 5; 2020, c. 15, s. 8.
Section 39.3Verify source
§ 39.4Section 39.4Provision

For members of an order, the practice of the profession includes certain related activities such as sharing information, promoting health, and preventing suicide, illness, accidents, and social problems.

39.4. The practice of the profession of the members of an order also includes disseminating information, promoting health and preventing suicide, illness, accidents and social problems among individuals and within families and communities to the extent that such activities are related to their professional activities. 2002, c. 33, s. 4; 2009, c. 28, s. 8.
Section 39.4Verify source
§ 39.5Section 39.5Provision

Section 37.2 does not stop certain persons or groups from carrying out professional activities, if they comply with the regulation under section 94(h).

39.5. Section 37.2 shall not prevent persons or categories of persons from engaging in professional activities that may be engaged in by members of a professional order, provided that they do so in accordance with the provisions of a regulation under subparagraph h of the first paragraph of section 94. 2002, c. 33, s. 4.
Section 39.5Verify source
§ 39.6Section 39.6Provision

A parent, childcare provider, or informal caregiver may engage in professional activities reserved to members of an order, despite any inconsistent provision.

39.6. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision, a parent, a childcare provider or an informal caregiver may engage in professional activities reserved to members of an order. For the purposes of this section, an informal caregiver is a close relation who provides care and regular support, without remuneration, to another person. 2002, c. 33, s. 4.
Section 39.6Verify source
§ 39.7Section 39.7Provision

Certain invasive care provided as part of specified community or home-care settings is not treated as a professional activity reserved to members of an order.

39.7. The invasive care involved in assistance with activities of daily living that is required on a sustained basis for the maintenance of health does not constitute a professional activity reserved to members of an order where it is provided by a person as part of the activities of an intermediate or family-type resource referred to in the Act respecting the governance of the health and social services system (chapter G-1.021) or the Act respecting health services and social services for the Inuit and Naskapi (chapter S-4.2) or as part of a home care program provided by an institution operating a local community service centre. 2002, c. 33, s. 4; 2023, c. 34, s. 967.
Section 39.7Verify source
§ 39.8Section 39.8Provision

Certain workers may administer prescribed ready-to-administer medications and insulin by specified routes.

39.8. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision, a person working for an intermediate or family-type resource referred to in section 39.7 or under a home care program provided by an institution operating a local community service centre, or a person working in a school or another temporary alternative environment for children, may administer prescribed ready-to-administer medications by oral, nasal, enteral, topical, transdermal, ophthalmic, otic, rectal or vaginal route or by inhalation, and administer insulin by subcutaneous route. 2002, c. 33, s. 4; 2008, c. 11, s. 8; 2017, c. 11, s. 25.
Section 39.8Verify source
§ 39.9Section 39.9Provision

The Office may make regulations about where and when certain persons may engage in the activities in sections 39.7 and 39.8, and about the applicable conditions and procedures.

39.9. The Office may, by regulation, determine places, cases and circumstances in which a person may engage in the activities described in sections 39.7 and 39.8 as well as the applicable conditions and procedures. When drafting such a regulation, the Office must have due regard for the availability of professionals in those places, cases and circumstances and for the supervision provided by a centre operated by an institution. The Office may also, by regulation, determine the additional conditions and procedures a person referred to in section 39.7 or 39.8 must fulfil or complete to engage in the activities described in that section. Before making a regulation under the first or third paragraph, the Office must consult with the Minister of Health and Social Services and the professional orders concerned. 2002, c. 33, s. 4; 2017, c. 11, s. 26.
Section 39.9Verify source
§ 39.9.1Section 39.9.1Provision

The Government may make regulations setting conditions for certain First Nations members and Inuit to perform listed reserved professional activities in specified locations.

39.9.1. To facilitate access by First Nations members and the Inuit to professional services in the field of mental health and human relations and, in particular, to promote the culturally safe nature of those services, the Government may, by regulation and after consulting the First Nations, the Inuit and the professional orders concerned, determine the terms and conditions on which First Nations members and Inuit who do not meet the conditions for the issue of a permit by one of the professional orders may, on an Indian reserve, in a settlement in which an Indigenous community lives or on Category I or Category I-N lands within the meaning of the Act respecting the land regime in the James Bay and New Québec territories (chapter R-13.1), engage in the following reserved professional activities: (1) assess a person further to a decision of the director of youth protection or of a tribunal made under the Youth Protection Act (chapter P-34.1); (2) assess an adolescent further to a decision of a court made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (S.C. 2002, c. 1); and (3) determine the intervention plan for a person who suffers from a mental disorder or exhibits suicidal tendencies and who resides in a facility run by an institution operating a rehabilitation centre for young persons with adjustment problems. 2024, c. 42, s. 6.
Section 39.9.1Verify source
§ 39.10Section 39.10Provision

A person acting for Héma-Québec may take blood specimens using pre-installed tubing.

39.10. Any person acting on behalf of Héma-Québec may take blood specimens by means of pre-installed tubing. 2002, c. 33, s. 4.
Section 39.10Verify source
§ 39.11Section 39.11Provision

Selling mouth guards is not treated as a reserved professional-order activity when their fabrication does not require an impression to be taken.

39.11. The sale of mouth guards does not constitute an activity reserved to members of a professional order where their fabrication does not require an impression to be taken. 2020, c. 15, s. 9.
Section 39.11Verify source
§ 40Section 40Provision

The board of directors of an order must issue a permit or specialist’s certificate to a person who meets the conditions set by the Code, the order’s constituting Act, and the related regulations.

40. The board of directors of an order shall issue a permit or a specialist’s certificate to any person who meets the conditions prescribed by this Code, the Act constituting such order and the regulations made under this Code or the said Act. 1973, c. 43, s. 40; 1994, c. 40, s. 36; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 9.
Section 40Verify source
§ 41Section 41Provision

The board of directors of an order may issue a temporary permit, on conditions it sets, to certain out-of-Québec professionals.

41. The board of directors of an order may issue, on the conditions it determines, to any person legally authorized to practise outside Québec the same profession as the members of such order a temporary permit valid for a period of one year and renewable. 1973, c. 43, s. 41; 1974, c. 6, s. 113; 1977, c. 5, s. 223; 1994, c. 40, s. 37; 2006, c. 20, s. 1; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
Section 41Verify source
§ 42Section 42Provision

A person must meet one of the listed qualification paths to obtain a permit or specialist’s certificate.

42. To obtain a permit or a specialist’s certificate, a person must (1) hold a diploma recognized as valid for that purpose by regulation of the Office under the first paragraph of section 12.0.1.1; (2) obtain equivalence of his diploma or training in accordance with a regulation under paragraph c of section 93; (2.1) have the professional competence required in a regulation made under paragraph c.2 of section 93 and meet the terms and conditions determined in the regulation; or (3) hold a legal authorization to practise his profession outside Québec under subparagraph q of the first paragraph of section 94 and meet the conditions for the issue of a permit or certificate determined in that paragraph. 1973, c. 43, s. 42; 1975, c. 80, s. 3; 1994, c. 40, s. 38; 2006, c. 20, s. 2; 2009, c. 16, s. 1; 2026, c. 8, s. 7.
Section 42Verify source
§ 42.1Section 42.1Provision

The board of directors of an order may issue a temporary restrictive permit to certain applicants for admission to a profession, and the permit lasts one year and may be renewed.

42.1. The board of directors of an order may issue a temporary restrictive permit to a person seeking admission to a profession who is in either of the following situations: (1) after examining an application for equivalence submitted under a regulation made under paragraph c of section 93 or paragraph i of section 94, the order informed the person of the training needed to obtain the equivalence; (1.1) in addition to having the professional competence required, the person must meet one of the conditions set out in a regulation made under paragraph c.2 of section 93 to obtain a permit issued under paragraph 2.1 of section 42; (2) the person must meet one of the conditions set out in a regulation under paragraph q or r of section 94 to obtain a permit issued under paragraph 3 of section 42 or the first paragraph of section 42.2; or (3) the person must acquire training, serve a training period or pass an examination provided for in a regulation made under subparagraph i of the first paragraph of section 94, in an Act constituting a professional order or in a regulation made under that Act to be issued a permit or a specialist’s certificate. The board of directors must determine, from among the professional activities the members of the order may engage in, those that may be engaged in by the holder of the permit, for which the holder has the skills or that are required to complete training or a training period imposed as part of the process for the issue of a permit or a specialist’s certificate, and the conditions the holder must meet to engage in those activities. The permit is valid for one year and may be renewed. 2006, c. 20, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 16, s. 2; 2024, c. 31, s. 5.
Section 42.1Verify source
§ 42.2Section 42.2Provision

The board of directors of an order may issue special permits for certain professional activities, set permitted activities and conditions, and specify the title, abbreviation, and initials a permit holder may use.

42.2. The board of directors of an order may issue a special permit for certain professional activities to a person who holds a legal authorization to practise the profession outside Québec, in accordance with a regulation under paragraph r of section 94. The board of directors may also issue a special permit for certain professional activities to a person who is in any of the situations referred to in subparagraphs 1 to 2 of the first paragraph of section 42.1 or in the first paragraph of section 45.3 and who renounces, for any reason the order considers valid, to meet any of the conditions referred to in those sections. If applicable, the board of directors shall determine, from among the professional activities the members of the order may engage in, those that may be engaged in by the holder of the permit, and the conditions the holder must meet to engage in those activities. The board of directors may, in particular, determine the title, abbreviation and initials that the holder of the permit may use. The holder of a special permit for certain professional activities provided for in the second paragraph who, after obtaining the permit, has completed training or acquired skills related to the professional activities that the members of the order may engage in may ask the board of directors to modify the holder’s authorized professional activities or the conditions the holder must meet to engage in those activities. 2006, c. 20, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2024, c. 31, s. 6.
Section 42.2Verify source
§ 42.3Section 42.3Provision

Sections 40 to 42.2 apply subject to sections 35, 37 and 38 of the Charter of the French language.

42.3. Sections 40 to 42.2 apply subject to sections 35, 37 and 38 of the Charter of the French language (chapter C-11). 2006, c. 20, s. 3.
Section 42.3Verify source
§ 42.4Section 42.4Provision

The board of directors may issue a special authorization for a person authorized to practise outside Québec to use a reserved title or perform reserved activities in Québec.

42.4. Despite sections 32, 36 and 37.2, the board of directors may issue a special authorization granting a person legally authorized to practise the profession outside Québec the right to use a title reserved for members of the order in Québec or to engage in Québec in professional activities reserved to them in Québec. A special authorization is valid only for the activities or the title it specifies. Moreover, it must specify the person or group of persons for whom the activities may be engaged in, as well as any other applicable condition or restriction. It is valid for a period not exceeding one year and is renewable. The board of directors may delegate to the president of the order the power to issue or renew a special authorization, in accordance with the conditions it determines. 2008, c. 11, s. 10.
Section 42.4Verify source
§ 42.5Section 42.5Provision

42.5. In an emergency situation and on the recommendation of a minister concerned, the Minister may, for the duration of the emergency situation, authorize a professional order to issue special authorizations to engage in professional

42.5. In an emergency situation and on the recommendation of a minister concerned, the Minister may, for the duration of the emergency situation, authorize a professional order to issue special authorizations to engage in professional activities reserved for members of the order. Such an authorization may be issued to categories of persons, in accordance with the terms and conditions determined by the order of the Minister, in particular the validity period of that authorization. An order made under this section comes into force on the date it determines and is not subject to the publication requirement set out in section 8 of the Regulations Act (chapter R-18.1) or to the date of coming into force set out in section 17 of that Act. For the purposes of this section, an “emergency situation” is an objectively serious, actual or imminent event to which it is not possible to adequately respond within the scope of normal operating standards and that requires the use of an exceptional measure to counter or prevent harm to persons or damage to property or the environment. 2024, c. 31, s. 7.
Section 42.5Verify source
§ 43Section 43Repeal

Section 43 is repealed.

43. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 43; 1994, c. 40, s. 39; 2020, c. 15, s. 10.
Section 43Verify source
§ 44Section 44Repeal

Section 44 is repealed.

44. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 44; 1977, c. 5, s. 229; 1994, c. 40, s. 40; 2000, c. 13, s. 4.
Section 44Verify source
§ 45Section 45Offence

45. The board of directors may refuse to issue a permit or to enter an applicant on the roll, or refuse any other application preceding admission to the profession, if the applicant (1) has been the subject of a decision of a Canadian

45. The board of directors may refuse to issue a permit or to enter an applicant on the roll, or refuse any other application preceding admission to the profession, if the applicant (1) has been the subject of a decision of a Canadian court finding him guilty of a criminal offence which, in the reasoned opinion of the board of directors, is related to the practice of the profession, unless he has obtained a pardon; (2) has been the subject of a decision of a foreign court finding him guilty of an offence which, if committed in Canada, could have led to criminal proceedings and which, in the reasoned opinion of the board of directors, is related to the practice of the profession, unless he has obtained a pardon; (3) has been the subject of a disciplinary decision made in Québec by the disciplinary council of another order or by the Professions Tribunal in an appeal from a decision of that council, imposing the revocation of a permit or a striking off the roll, including a provisional striking off the roll; (4) has been the subject of a disciplinary decision made outside Québec which, if made in Québec, would have had the effect of a revocation of permit or a striking off the roll, including a provisional striking off the roll imposed by an order’s disciplinary council; (5) has been the subject of a decision made in Québec finding the applicant guilty of an offence under section 188 or an offence under a provision of an Act of Québec or a federal Act identified for the purposes of this subparagraph in the order’s code of ethics; or (6) has been the subject of a decision made outside Québec finding the applicant guilty of an offence which, if committed in Québec, could have resulted in penal proceedings under section 188 or penal proceedings under a provision of a Québec or a federal Act identified for the purposes of this subparagraph in the order’s code of ethics. Before making a decision under this section, the board of directors must give the person concerned an opportunity to submit observations. A decision refusing to issue a permit or to enter an applicant on the roll, or refusing any other application preceding admission to the profession shall be served on the applicant in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01); the decision may be appealed to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with Division VIII of Chapter IV. Within three years after a decision is made under this section, no new application for a permit or for entry on the roll or new application preceding admission to the profession may be presented to the board of directors that made the decision unless there are new facts that may warrant a different decision. 1973, c. 43, s. 45; 1974, c. 65, s. 7; 1994, c. 40, s. 40; 2000, c. 13, s. 5; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 11; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 45Verify source
§ 45.1Section 45.1Provision

The board of directors may enter an applicant on the roll and may restrict or suspend the applicant’s right to engage in professional activities if listed disciplinary conditions are met, after allowing observations.

45.1. The board of directors may, after giving an applicant an opportunity to submit observations, enter the applicant on the roll, but restrict or suspend his right to engage in professional activities if the applicant (1) is the subject of a disciplinary decision made in Québec by the disciplinary council of another order or by the Professions Tribunal in an appeal from a decision of that council, imposing the restriction or suspension of his right to engage in professional activities; (2) is the subject of a disciplinary decision made outside Québec which, if made in Québec, would have had the effect of a restriction or suspension of the right to engage in professional activities imposed by the disciplinary council of an order; (3) is or has been, as the case may be, the subject of a decision described in section 45. A decision to restrict or suspend the right to engage in professional activities shall be served on the applicant in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01); the decision may be appealed from to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. 1994, c. 40, s. 40; 2000, c. 13, s. 6; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 12; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 45.1Verify source
§ 45.2Section 45.2Offence

An applicant must tell the board of directors about any relevant judicial or disciplinary decision under sections 45 or 45.1, and the board may ask for more information or documents before examining the application.

45.2. A person must, in an application for a permit or for entry on the roll or in any other document that is filled out for the purpose of admission to a profession, inform the board of directors that the person is or has been the subject of a judicial or disciplinary decision described in section 45 or 45.1. A certified copy of a judicial or disciplinary decision described in section 45 or 45.1 that was rendered in Canada constitutes proof that the offence was committed and that any facts reported in the decision are true. The board of directors may require the person to provide any information or document it considers necessary for the purposes of section 45 or 45.1. The board of directors may refuse to examine the application until the information or document is provided to it. 1994, c. 40, s. 40; 2008, c. 11, s. 13.
Section 45.2Verify source
§ 45.3Section 45.3Provision

The board of directors may assess an applicant’s competence in certain permit or roll-entry cases, and may then refuse, limit, or restrict the applicant’s professional activities, including requiring refresher training or a special permit in some cases.

45.3. The board of directors may assess the competence of an applicant for a permit described in section 42 when the applicant has satisfied the conditions set out in that section for a number of years greater than that prescribed by a regulation under paragraph j of section 94. The board of directors may also assess the competence of an applicant for entry on the roll when the applicant has held a permit without being entered on the roll for a number of years greater than that prescribed by a regulation under paragraph j of section 94. Based on the results of an assessment under the first or the second paragraph, the board of directors may, after giving the applicant an opportunity to submit observations, (1) refuse to issue a permit to or enter on the roll the applicant whose knowledge or skills are not equivalent to those of the members of the order; (2) enter the applicant on the roll but limit or restrict his right to engage in professional activities until successful completion of a period of refresher training or a refresher course, or both; in the case of repeated failure to successfully complete a required period of refresher training or a required course, the third paragraph of section 55 applies. A decision under the third paragraph shall be served on the applicant in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C-25.01); the decision may be appealed to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with Division VIII of Chapter IV. No new application may be presented to the board of directors after it has made a decision under this section unless there are new facts that may warrant a different decision. Despite the third paragraph, the board of directors may issue a special permit under the second paragraph of section 42.2 to an applicant for a permit under the first paragraph. Following the results of the assessment of the competence of an applicant for entry on the roll under the second paragraph and the applicant renouncing to complete the requirements provided for in subparagraph 2 of the third paragraph, the board of directors may, if the applicant consents to it, restrict the applicant’s right to engage in professional activities. 2008, c. 11, s. 14; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP); 2024, c. 31, s. 8.
Section 45.3Verify source
§ 46Section 46Provision

A person applying to the secretary of an order must be entered on the roll if the listed conditions are met.

46. Every person who applies therefor to the secretary of an order shall be entered on the roll of the order if he satisfies the following conditions: (1) he holds a permit issued by the board of directors of the order; (2) within the period specified, he pays the assessments he owes to the order as well as the amount of the contribution he owes under Chapter VIII.1; (2.1) within the period specified, he pays the other amounts he owes to the order in connection with an activity related to the supervision of the practice of the profession; (3) within the period specified, he furnishes security to cover his professional liability and, if applicable, the liability of the organization within which he engages in professional activities, in accordance with paragraph d of section 93 or, as the case may be, paragraph 3 of section 187.11 or a regulation referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 of that section, or pays the amount determined under section 85.2; (4) he has paid any costs awarded against him by the disciplinary council, the Professions Tribunal or the accounts arbitration council as well as any fine or amount imposed by any of those bodies that he owes, or he complies with the payment agreement that has been reached; (4.1) he has repaid the compensation paid by the order under a regulation under section 89.1 or he complies with the payment agreement that has been reached; (5) he has completed the formalities and paid the fees for entry on the roll determined under paragraph 8 of section 86.01; (6) he satisfies the other conditions for entry on the roll prescribed by this Code or by the Act constituting the order. 1973, c. 43, s. 49; 1994, c. 40, s. 40; 1995, c. 50, s. 3; 2001, c. 34, s. 2; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 15; 2024, c. 31, s. 9.
Section 46Verify source
§ 46.0.1Section 46.0.1Provision

A professional struck off an order’s roll must meet the conditions in section 46, and possibly section 161.0.1, before being re-entered on the roll.

46.0.1. A professional who has been struck off the roll of an order must, even on the expiry of a provisional striking off the roll, comply with the conditions and formalities set out in section 46 and, if applicable, in section 161.0.1, in order to be again entered on the roll. Unless the board of directors decides otherwise, entry on the roll entails the resumption of any supervision measure to which the professional was subject on ceasing to be a member of the order and which therefore ceased to be applied at that time. 2008, c. 11, s. 16; 2017, c. 11, s. 27.
Section 46.0.1Verify source
§ 46.1Section 46.1Provision

46.1. The secretary of the order shall prepare the roll of the order and keep it up to date by entering all modifications as and when the secretary is informed of them. The roll shall contain, if applicable, the following information: (1)

46.1. The secretary of the order shall prepare the roll of the order and keep it up to date by entering all modifications as and when the secretary is informed of them. The roll shall contain, if applicable, the following information: (1) the name of each person who has applied for entry on the roll and satisfies the conditions set out in section 46; (2) the sex of that person; (3) the name of the person’s office or employer; (4) the address and telephone number of the person’s professional domicile; (4.1) where requested by the order, a business email address established in the person’s name; (5) the year the person was first entered on the roll and the year of every subsequent entry on the roll; (5.1) the person’s membership number; (6) every certificate, permit, accreditation or authorization that the order has issued to the person, with the date of issue; (6.1) the sector of practice in which the person principally practices his profession; (6.2) the professional activities the person’s special permit issued under the second and third paragraphs of section 42.2 allows the person to engage in as well as the conditions the person must meet to engage in those activities and, if applicable, the title, abbreviation and initials the person may use; (6.3) a note to the effect that the person’s permit has been revoked in the past; (7) a note to the effect that the person has been struck off the roll in the past or that the person’s right to engage in professional activities is or has been restricted or suspended by the application of section 45.1, 51, 55, 55.1 or 55.2; (8) a note to the effect that the person has been struck off the roll or declared disqualified in the past, that the person’s specialist’s certificate is or has been revoked or that the person’s right to engage in professional activities is or has been restricted or suspended by a decision of the board of directors, in cases other than those referred to in sections 45.1, 51, 55 and 55.1, or by a decision of a disciplinary council or of a court; and (9) any other information determined by resolution of the board of directors. The secretary of the order shall note on the roll the period during which a decision referred to in subparagraph 7 or 8 of the first paragraph of this section applies. The roll of the professional orders mentioned in the first paragraph of section 187.1 shall contain, with respect to each of their members who hold a psychotherapist’s permit, the following information: (1) the date of issue of the permit; (2) a note to the effect that the permit is suspended or has been suspended or revoked in the past; or (3) a note to the effect that the right of the holder of the permit to practise psychotherapy is restricted or suspended, or has been restricted or suspended in the past. For the purposes of this section, “sector of practice” means a sector of activity or the area of practice, or a combination of the two. 2006, c. 22, s. 150; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 17; 2017, c. 11, s. 28; 2026, c. 8, s. 8.
Section 46.1Verify source
§ 46.2Section 46.2Provision

The secretary of the order must keep certain member-related information in a directory and retain special-authorization information even after the authorization ends.

46.2. The secretary of the order shall keep in a directory the information concerning a person who is no longer entered on the roll as a result of having been struck off, having been declared disqualified, or having otherwise ceased to be a member of the order. The information remains in the directory until the person is again entered on the roll, if applicable, or until the person’s death or 100th birthday. The secretary shall keep the information concerning a person to whom a special authorization is issued, without indicating it on the roll or in the directory, even after the authorization ceases to have effect. The information may not be destroyed unless a regulation of the Office under section 12 allows it. 2006, c. 22, s. 150; 2008, c. 11, s. 18; 2024, c. 31, s. 10.
Section 46.2Verify source
§ 47Section 47Provision

The Québec Official Publisher must not publish a Gazette notice about a bill to authorize admission to practice a profession under this Code, and the Secretary General of the National Assembly must not receive or print such a bill.

47. The Québec Official Publisher shall not publish a notice in the Gazette officielle du Québec that a bill will be presented to the National Assembly to authorize a person to be admitted to the practice of a profession contemplated by this Code and the Secretary General of the National Assembly shall not receive such a bill or have it printed. 1973, c. 43, s. 50.
Section 47Verify source
§ 48Section 48Provision

The board of directors of an order may order a medical examination in specified cases.

48. The board of directors of an order may order the medical examination of a person who is a member of such order, who applies for entry on the roll or who makes another application preceding admission to the profession where it has reason to believe his physical or mental condition is incompatible with the practice of his profession. 1973, c. 43, s. 51; 1975, c. 80, s. 4; 1977, c. 66, s. 2; 1994, c. 40, s. 41; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 19.
Section 48Verify source
§ 49Section 49Provision

The board-directed medical examination must be carried out by three physicians, with appointments shared among the board, the person concerned, and the first two physicians.

49. The physical examination required by the board of directors shall be carried out by three physicians; one of these shall be designated by the board of directors, another, by the person concerned and the third, by the first two. If the person concerned refuses or neglects to designate a physician or to inform the board of directors of the name of such physician within 20 days from the service of the order to submit to a medical examination, the board of directors instead of that person shall designate such physician. If the first two physicians refuse or neglect to designate a third physician or to inform the board of directors of his name within 20 days from the appointment of the second of them, the board of directors instead of the first two physicians shall designate him. The three designated physicians must file with the board of directors their opinions which together constitute the report of the medical examination of the person concerned not later than 90 days after the designation of the last of them, unless the board of directors grants them additional time. On receiving the opinions, the board of directors shall send them to the person concerned. The expert’s fees shall be paid by the board of directors in the case of the physician it has designated, by the person concerned in the case of the physician he or the board of directors, instead of him, as the case may be, has designated, and by the board of directors and the person concerned, in equal shares, in the case of the third physician. 1977, c. 66, s. 2; 1988, c. 29, s. 7; 1994, c. 40, s. 42; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 2, s. 151.
Section 49Verify source
§ 49.1Section 49.1Provision

A medical examination may be done by one physician if the board of directors and the person concerned both consent.

49.1. Despite section 49, the medical examination may be carried out by a single physician if the board of directors and the person concerned give their consent. In such a case, the fourth paragraph of section 49 applies with the necessary modifications and the expert’s fees shall be borne in equal shares. 2008, c. 11, s. 21.
Section 49.1Verify source
§ 50Section 50Provision

An order to submit to a medical examination must be served on the person concerned under the Code of Civil Procedure.

50. The order to submit to a medical examination is served on the person concerned in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01). Such order must state the reasons for the decision of the board of directors and the name of the physician designated by the board of directors, and must require the person concerned to designate a physician in accordance with section 49 and to inform the board of directors of the name of such physician. 1977, c. 66, s. 2; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 151; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 50Verify source
§ 51Section 51Provision

The board of directors may take roll and practice-related measures against a person who refuses a medical examination or whose condition is incompatible with the profession, after giving the person an opportunity to make observations.

51. Where the person concerned refuses to submit to the medical examination or where, according to the report of the three physicians, his physical or mental condition is incompatible with the practice of his profession, the board of directors may, after giving him an opportunity to submit observations, (a) if such person is a member of the order, strike him off the roll or restrict or suspend his right to engage in professional activities; (b) if such person is not a member of the order, refuse to enter him on the roll, allow him to be entered on the roll but restrict or suspend his right to engage in professional activities, or refuse any other application he makes preceding admission to the profession. Every decision under the first paragraph must be served forthwith, in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01), on the person concerned. 1977, c. 66, s. 2; 1988, c. 29, s. 8; 1994, c. 40, s. 43; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 22, s. 151; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 51Verify source
§ 52Section 52Provision

A person subject to a section 51 decision may seek reassessment in writing, and the board of directors must decide the application based on a medical report.

52. The situation of a person who is the subject of a decision under section 51 may be reassessed on an application in writing by the person. The board of directors shall decide the application on the basis of the medical report furnished to it by the person concerned on the compatibility of his physical or mental condition, as the case may be, with the practice of the profession. Where the report does not establish, to the satisfaction of the board of directors, the compatibility of the physical and mental condition of the person concerned with the practice of the profession, the board of directors may order another medical examination, and sections 49 to 51 apply. 1977, c. 66, s. 2; 1982, c. 32, s. 77; 1988, c. 29, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 23.
Section 52Verify source
§ 52.1Section 52.1Provision

The board of directors may temporarily remove or restrict a professional’s practice rights if immediate action is needed to protect the public, but it must first inform the professional and allow observations.

52.1. The board of directors may, when it considers that the physical or mental condition of a professional requires immediate action to protect the public, provisionally strike the professional off the roll or restrict or suspend his right to engage in professional activities until a decision is rendered following the medical examination ordered under section 48. However, the board of directors may not render a provisional decision under the first paragraph before informing the professional of the facts brought to its attention and giving the professional an opportunity to submit observations in the manner and within the time limit it indicates. The provisional decision rendered under the first paragraph is served in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01). Unless it has been served beforehand, the order to submit to a medical examination under section 50 is served at the same time. In all cases, the procedure under section 49 is maintained and the decision is rendered as soon as possible. 2004, c. 15, s. 1; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 52.1Verify source
§ 52.2Section 52.2Provision

If the board of directors delegates its section 52.1 powers to a committee created under section 62.1(1), its powers under sections 48 to 50 are also delegated to that committee.

52.2. When the board of directors delegates its powers under section 52.1 to a committee created under paragraph 1 of section 62.1, its powers under sections 48 to 50 are also delegated to the committee. 2004, c. 15, s. 1; 2008, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 52.2Verify source
§ 53Section 53Provision

Certain decisions may be appealed to the Professions Tribunal.

53. A decision under section 51, the second paragraph of section 52 or section 52.1 is subject to appeal before the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. 1977, c. 66, s. 2; 1988, c. 29, s. 9; 1994, c. 40, s. 44; 2004, c. 15, s. 2.
Section 53Verify source
§ 54Section 54Provision

A professional must stop practising if the person’s state of health makes practice an obstacle.

54. Every professional must refrain from practising his profession or performing certain professional acts to the extent that his state of health is an obstacle thereto. 1973, c. 43, s. 52.
Section 54Verify source
§ 55Section 55Provision

The board of directors of an order may require a member to complete refresher training or a refresher course, and may later restrict, suspend, or permanently limit the member’s professional activities if the requirement is not met.

55. The board of directors of an order may, on the recommendation of the professional inspection committee or the disciplinary council or in the cases determined by a regulation under paragraph j of section 94, require any member of the order to successfully complete a period of refresher training or a refresher course, or both such training and course. It may also impose on the member any other requirement provided for in a regulation under section 90 that is recommended by the professional inspection committee Where the board of directors of an order imposes a requirement described in the first paragraph on a member of the order, the board of directors may, on the recommendation of the professional inspection committee or the disciplinary council or in the cases determined by a regulation under paragraph j of section 94, restrict or suspend the member’s right to engage in professional activities until that requirement is met. In case of repeated failure to meet a requirement imposed under the first paragraph accompanied by a restriction or suspension, the board of directors may, after giving the professional concerned the opportunity to make representations, strike the professional off the roll, or permanently restrict the professional’s right to engage in professional activities reserved for members of the order. The decision of the board of directors shall be served on the professional in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01); the decision may be appealed from to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. 1973, c. 43, s. 54; 1988, c. 29, s. 10; 1994, c. 40, s. 45; 2000, c. 13, s. 7; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 25; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 55Verify source
§ 55.0.1Section 55.0.1Provision

The board of directors may restrict a member’s right to engage in professional activities if the member consents, and may reassess the member’s situation on a written application by the member after getting recommendations from the professional inspection committee.

55.0.1. In addition to the other cases provided for in this Code or the Act constituting the order, the board of directors may restrict a member’s right to engage in professional activities if the member consents to it. The board of directors may reassess the situation of the member concerned on an application in writing by the member, after obtaining the recommendations of the professional inspection committee. 2008, c. 11, s. 26.
Section 55.0.1Verify source
§ 55.1Section 55.1Provision

55.1. The board of directors may, after giving the professional concerned an opportunity to submit observations, provisionally strike the professional off the roll or provisionally restrict or suspend his right to engage in professional

55.1. The board of directors may, after giving the professional concerned an opportunity to submit observations, provisionally strike the professional off the roll or provisionally restrict or suspend his right to engage in professional activities if the professional has been the subject of a judicial decision described in subparagraph 1, 2, 5 or 6 of the first paragraph of section 45. The board of directors shall inform a syndic of any decision, which serves as a request under section 128. The decision is valid (1) until a syndic decides not to lodge a complaint; (2) until the disciplinary council or the Professions Tribunal renders a final, enforceable decision on a complaint lodged by a syndic; or (3) until the decision described in subparagraph 1, 2, 5 or 6 of the first paragraph of section 45 is quashed in appeal, if applicable. 1994, c. 40, s. 46; 2004, c. 15, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 27.
Section 55.1Verify source
§ 55.2Section 55.2Offence

The board of directors may apply certain disciplinary penalties, after giving the professional an opportunity to submit observations.

55.2. The board of directors may, after giving the professional an opportunity to submit observations, apply the disciplinary penalty handed down (1) in Québec by a disciplinary council of another order or by the Professions Tribunal in an appeal from a decision of that council, imposing the revocation of the professional’s permit or specialist certificate, a striking off the roll, including a provisional striking off the roll, a restriction, including a provisional restriction, or a suspension of the right to engage in professional activities; or (2) outside Québec which, if handed down in Québec, would have had the effect of a penalty described in subparagraph 1, with the necessary modifications. The penalty imposed by the council ends on the expiry date of the disciplinary penalty described in subparagraph 1 or 2 of the first paragraph. 2008, c. 11, s. 27.
Section 55.2Verify source
§ 55.3Section 55.3Offence

55.3. A certified copy of a judicial or disciplinary decision described in section 55.1 or 55.2 that was rendered in Canada constitutes proof that the offence was committed and that any facts reported in the decision are true. The board of

55.3. A certified copy of a judicial or disciplinary decision described in section 55.1 or 55.2 that was rendered in Canada constitutes proof that the offence was committed and that any facts reported in the decision are true. The board of directors may require the professional to provide any information or document it considers necessary for the purposes of section 55.1 or 55.2. The board of directors may strike the professional off the roll until the information or document is provided to it. 2008, c. 11, s. 27.
Section 55.3Verify source
§ 55.4Section 55.4Provision

A board decision under sections 55.1, 55.2, or 55.3 must be served on the professional immediately.

55.4. A decision made by the board of directors under section 55.1, 55.2 or 55.3 must be served on the professional immediately, in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01); the decision may be appealed to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with Division VIII of Chapter IV. 2008, c. 11, s. 27; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 55.4Verify source
§ 55.5Section 55.5Offence

The board of directors may send the Director of Criminal and Penal Prosecutions a list of certain criminal and penal offences related to the profession, and the order and Director may agree on how that information is sent.

55.5. For the purposes of section 55.1, the board of directors may send to the Director of Criminal and Penal Prosecutions a list of criminal and penal offences that may be related to the practice of the profession and for which the order wishes to be informed of any charge brought against a member. The order and the Director may enter into an agreement to determine the manner in which this information is to be sent. 2008, c. 11, s. 28.
Section 55.5Verify source
§ 56Section 56Provision

The board of directors of an order may ask for an inquiry if it is informed or has reason to believe that a permit or specialist’s certificate was obtained by fraud. If the fraud is maintained against the respondent, the disciplinary council must revoke the permit or certificate, even if the person is not on the roll.

56. When the board of directors of an order is informed or has reason to believe that the holder of a permit or specialist’s certificate has been guilty of fraud in obtaining such permit or certificate, it may request that an inquiry be made into the matter in accordance with Division VII. If the fraud charged is maintained against the respondent, the disciplinary council shall revoke his permit or certificate, whether or not he is entered on the roll at that time. 1973, c. 43, s. 55; 1994, c. 40, s. 47; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
Section 56Verify source
§ 57Section 57Repeal

Section 57 is repealed.

57. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 56; 2020, c. 15, s. 10.
Section 57Verify source
§ 58Section 58Provision

A person may not use a specialist title or present themselves as a specialist unless they hold the proper specialist’s certificate.

58. No person may use a specialist’s title corresponding to a class of specialization defined in a regulation under paragraph e of section 94 or act in such a way as to lead to the belief that he is a specialist in that class of specialization unless he holds the appropriate specialist’s certificate. A professional may not designate himself as a specialist unless he holds a specialist’s certificate. 1973, c. 43, s. 57; 2008, c. 11, s. 29.
Section 58Verify source
§ 58.1Section 58.1Provision

A professional may use the title “Doctor” or its abbreviation only in the specified placement formats, and this section does not apply to certain Quebec professional orders.

58.1. No professional may use the title of “Doctor” or an abbreviation of that title unless the title or abbreviation is placed (1) immediately before the professional’s name, where the professional holds a doctoral diploma recognized as a valid diploma for the issue of the permit or specialist’s certificate held by the professional pursuant to a regulation of the Office under the first paragraph of section 12.0.1.1 or a doctoral diploma recognized as equivalent by the board of directors of the order that issued the permit or certificate, and unless the professional’s name is followed by a title reserved for the members of the order; or (2) after the professional’s name, and the title or abbreviation is followed by the name of the discipline in which the doctoral diploma is held. This section does not apply to the members of the Ordre professionnel des dentistes du Québec, the Collège des médecins du Québec or the Ordre professionnel des médecins vétérinaires du Québec. 2000, c. 13, s. 8; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2026, c. 8, s. 9.
Section 58.1Verify source
§ 59Section 59Provision

A professional who contravenes section 58 or 58.1 commits an act derogatory to the dignity of the profession.

59. Every professional who contravenes section 58 or 58.1 commits an act derogatory to the dignity of his profession. 1973, c. 43, s. 58; 2000, c. 13, s. 9; I.N. 2020-10-31.
Section 59Verify source
§ 59.1Section 59.1Provision

A professional who uses a service relationship to obtain sexual relations or make sexual remarks or gestures commits conduct derogatory to the dignity of the profession.

59.1. The fact of a professional taking advantage of his professional relationship with a person to whom he is providing services, during that relationship, to have sexual relations with that person or to make improper gestures or remarks of a sexual nature, constitutes an act derogatory to the dignity of his profession. 1994, c. 40, s. 49.
Section 59.1Verify source
§ 59.1.1Section 59.1.1Provision

A professional must not engage in, attempt, counsel, or conspire in acts involving collusion, corruption, malfeasance, breach of trust, or influence peddling.

59.1.1. The following acts engaged in by a professional also constitute acts derogatory to the dignity of the profession: (1) committing an act involving collusion, corruption, malfeasance, breach of trust or influence peddling; (2) attempting to commit such an act or counselling another person to do so; and (3) conspiring to commit such an act. 2013, c. 12, s. 2.
Section 59.1.1Verify source
§ 59.1.2Section 59.1.2Provision

A professional who provides conversion therapy covered by the cited Act is considered to have committed an act derogatory to the dignity of the profession.

59.1.2. The fact that a professional provides conversion therapy subject to the Act to protect persons from conversion therapy provided to change their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression (chapter P-42.2) also constitutes an act derogatory to the dignity of his profession. 2020, c. 28, s. 8.
Section 59.1.2Verify source
§ 59.1.3Section 59.1.3Provision

If a professional contravenes section 35.1 of the Charter of the French language, that conduct is treated as derogatory to the practice of the profession.

59.1.3. The fact that a professional contravenes section 35.1 of the Charter of the French language (chapter C-11) constitutes an act derogatory to the practice of the profession. 2022, c. 14, s. 146.
Section 59.1.3Verify source
§ 59.2Section 59.2Provision

A professional must not act in a way that harms the honour or dignity of the profession or its discipline, and must not do professional or business activities that are inconsistent with the honour, dignity, or practice of the profession.

59.2. No professional may engage in an act derogatory to the honour or dignity of his profession or to the discipline of the members of the order, or practise a profession, carry on a trade, enterprise or business or hold an office or function that is inconsistent with the honour, dignity or practice of his profession. 1994, c. 40, s. 49.
Section 59.2Verify source
§ 59.3Section 59.3Offence

A professional must notify the secretary of the order within 10 days after being informed that they are or have been the subject of certain judicial or disciplinary decisions or a qualifying offence proceeding.

59.3. A professional must, within 10 days from the day on which he is himself informed, notify the secretary of the order of which he is a member that he is or has been the subject of a judicial or disciplinary decision referred to in section 55.1 or 55.2 or a proceeding for an offence punishable by a term of imprisonment of five years or more. 1994, c. 40, s. 49; 2008, c. 11, s. 30; 2017, c. 11, s. 29.
Section 59.3Verify source
§ 60Section 60Provision

A professional must notify the order’s secretary of the place where they principally practise, other practice locations, and a business email address, and must report changes within 30 days.

60. A professional shall elect domicile by informing the secretary of the order of which he is a member of the place where he principally practises his profession or, if he does not practise, his place of residence or principal place of employment, within 30 days after he begins to practise; the domicile thus elected shall constitute his professional domicile. He must also inform the secretary of all the other places where he practises his profession. In addition, he must provide a business email address established in his name. He must also advise the secretary of any change in this respect, within 30 days of the change. Unless another method of notification is prescribed, the transmission of a document to the professional’s business email address may replace transmission to his elected domicile. Every member of an order the constituting Act of which mentions, for election purposes or for any consultation of members, the place of residence or domicile rather than his professional domicile, must inform the secretary of his order of any change in his place of residence or domicile, as the case may be, within 30 days of such change. 1973, c. 43, s. 59; 1974, c. 65, s. 8; 1994, c. 40, s. 50; 2008, c. 11, s. 31; 2017, c. 11, s. 30.
Section 60Verify source
§ 60.1Section 60.1Provision

A professional’s service or product must match the professional’s own statements or advertisements about it.

60.1. A service or product provided by a professional must conform with any statement he makes, or advertisement he places, concerning that service or product; the professional is bound by such statements or advertisements. 1990, c. 76, s. 2.
Section 60.1Verify source
§ 60.2Section 60.2Provision

A professional must not make false, misleading, or incomplete statements, including about competence or about the scope or effectiveness of services.

60.2. No professional may, by whatever means, make false, misleading or incomplete representations, in particular as to his level of competence or the scope or effectiveness of his services or of those generally offered by members of his profession. 1990, c. 76, s. 2; 2008, c. 11, s. 32.
Section 60.2Verify source
§ 60.3Section 60.3Provision

A professional must not falsely say a service or product has particular advantages, will produce a pecuniary benefit, meets standards, or has certain performance characteristics.

60.3. No professional may, falsely, by whatever means, (a) ascribe particular advantages to a service or product; (b) claim that a pecuniary benefit will result from the use or acquisition of a service or product; (c) claim that a service or product complies with determined standards; or (d) ascribe certain performance characteristics to a service or product. 1990, c. 76, s. 2.
Section 60.3Verify source
§ 60.4Section 60.4Provision

Professionals must keep confidential information secret, with limited client-authorized or legally authorized release, and may disclose protected information in urgent serious-risk situations to protect exposed persons.

60.4. Every professional must preserve the secrecy of all confidential information that becomes known to him in the practice of his profession. He may be released from his obligation of professional secrecy only with the authorization of his client or where so ordered or expressly authorized by law. The professional may, in addition, communicate information that is protected by professional secrecy, in order to protect a person or an identifiable group of persons where he has reasonable cause to believe that a serious risk of death or of serious bodily injury, related in particular to a disappearance or to an act of violence, including a suicide attempt, threatens the person or group and where the nature of the threat generates a sense of urgency. However, the professional may only communicate the information to a person exposed to the risk or that person’s representative, and to the persons who can come to that person’s aid. The professional may only communicate such information as is necessary to achieve the purposes for which the information is communicated. No judicial proceedings may be brought against a professional for an act performed in good faith under the third paragraph. For the purposes of the third paragraph, “serious bodily injury” means any physical or psychological injury that is significantly detrimental to the physical integrity or the health or well-being of a person or an identifiable group of persons. 1994, c. 40, s. 51; 2001, c. 78, s. 5; 2008, c. 11, s. 33; 2017, c. 10, s. 26; 2023, c. 5, s. 206.
Section 60.4Verify source
§ 60.5Section 60.5Provision

Every professional must respect a client’s right to examine documents about the client in a record kept for the client, and to obtain copies. A professional may refuse access to the information in that record if authorized by law.

60.5. Every professional must respect the right of his client to examine documents concerning him in any record established in his respect, and to obtain a copy of such documents. However, where authorized by law, a professional may refuse to allow access to the information contained in such a record. 1994, c. 40, s. 51; 2008, c. 11, s. 34.
Section 60.5Verify source
§ 60.6Section 60.6Provision

A professional must respect a client’s right to have certain information corrected, deleted, or supplemented with written comments in the client’s record.

60.6. Every professional must respect the right of his client to cause to be corrected any information that is inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous with regard to the purpose for which it was collected, contained in a document concerning him in any record established in his respect. He must also respect the right of his client to cause to be deleted any information that is outdated or not justified by the object of the record, or to prepare written comments and file them in the record. 1994, c. 40, s. 51.
Section 60.6Verify source
§ 60.7Section 60.7Provision

Every professional must maintain security to cover liability for faults committed in practising the profession.

60.7. Every professional must furnish and at all times maintain security to cover any liability he may incur because of any fault committed in the practice of his profession. A professional who complies with a regulation of the order under paragraph d of section 93 fulfils this obligation. 2008, c. 11, s. 35.
Section 60.7Verify source
§ 61Section 61Provision

A board of directors administers the order, with a president and other directors set by regulation, and the number of other directors must be between 8 and 15. The president and all directors must be domiciled in Québec.

61. An order shall be administered by a board of directors consisting of a president and other directors whose number is to be determined by a regulation under paragraph e of section 93. That number must be at least 8 and not more than 15. The president and all the other directors must be domiciled in Québec; if the president or any director ceases to be domiciled in Québec during his term, he is deemed to have resigned. 1973, c. 43, s. 60; 1983, c. 54, s. 16; 1988, c. 29, s. 11; 1994, c. 40, s. 52; 2008, c. 11, s. 36; 2017, c. 11, s. 31.
Section 61Verify source
§ 62Section 62Provision

The board of directors must oversee the order’s affairs, carry out decisions, apply the Code and related instruments, exercise the order’s powers, and adopt specified governance measures.

62. The board of directors shall have the general supervision of the order and the management and supervision of the conduct of its affairs. It shall be responsible for carrying out the decisions of the order and those of the general meeting, and shall ensure the related follow-up. The board of directors shall also see to the application of this Code, the Act or the letters patent constituting the order, the amalgamation or integration order and the regulations made under this Code or such Act. It shall exercise all the rights, powers and prerogatives of the order, except those within the competence of the members of the order in general meeting. Unless otherwise provided by this Code or such Act, it shall exercise them by resolution. The board of directors shall, in particular, (1) see to the pursuit of the order’s mission; (2) determine the order’s strategic directions; (3) rule on the order’s strategic choices; (4) adopt the order’s budget; (5) adopt effective, efficient and transparent governance policies and practices; and (6) see to the integrity of internal control rules, including risk management rules, and ensure the viability and sustainability of the order. The board of directors shall draw on the governance guidelines determined by the Office after consultation with the Interprofessional Council. 1973, c. 43, s. 61; 1994, c. 40, s. 53; 1998, c. 14, s. 7; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 37; 2017, c. 11, s. 32.
Section 62Verify source
§ 62.0.1Section 62.0.1Provision

62.0.1. The board of directors shall, in particular, (1) appoint the secretary and the executive director of the order; (2) ensure that the senior management of the order adheres to sound management practices; (3) require its members and

62.0.1. The board of directors shall, in particular, (1) appoint the secretary and the executive director of the order; (2) ensure that the senior management of the order adheres to sound management practices; (3) require its members and the employees of the order to take an oath of discretion and determine the form of the oath; however, the oath may not be construed as prohibiting the sharing of information or documents within the order for the protection of the public; (4) require its members to take training on the role of a professional order’s board of directors as regards such matters as governance and ethics and gender equality as well as training on ethnocultural diversity management, and make sure that such training is offered to them; (5) require any person appointed by the order to develop or apply conditions for the issue of a permit or a specialist’s certificate to take training on professional qualifications assessment, training on gender equality and training on ethnocultural diversity management, and make sure that such training is offered to such a person; (6) make sure that continuing education activities, courses or periods on such subjects as ethics and professional conduct are offered to the members of the order and report on this in its annual report; (7) ensure the fairness, objectivity, impartiality, transparency, effectiveness and promptness of the admission processes adopted by the order and make sure that those processes facilitate admission to a profession, in particular for persons trained outside Québec; (8) cooperate with the authorities of the educational institutions, in accordance with the terms and conditions fixed under the second paragraph of section 12.0.1.1, in the development and review of the programs of study leading to a diploma giving access to a permit or a specialist’s certificate, the standards that the board of directors must prescribe by regulation under paragraph c of section 93, any other terms and conditions that the board of directors may determine by regulation under subparagraph i of the first paragraph of section 94, and the standards of equivalence applicable to those terms and conditions that the board of directors may prescribe under that regulation; and (9) give any advice it considers useful to the Minister, the Office, the Interprofessional Council, educational institutions or any other person or body it sees fit. 2017, c. 11, s. 33; 2026, c. 8, s. 10.
Section 62.0.1Verify source
§ 62.0.1.1Section 62.0.1.1Provision

An order’s website must include specified information, the Office must set website standards guidelines with the Interprofessional Council, and the board of directors must take those guidelines into account.

62.0.1.1. An order’s website shall include information about the order’s organization, admission to the profession, the roll of the order, the mechanisms in place to protect the public, and the laws and regulations governing the order and its members. The Office, in collaboration with the Interprofessional Council, shall set guidelines for standards relating to the site map, minimum content and updating of an order’s website. The board of directors shall take those guidelines into account in administering the order’s website. 2020, c. 15, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 11.
Section 62.0.1.1Verify source
§ 62.0.2Section 62.0.2Provision

The board of directors must publish a service statement on the order’s website and include service objectives, timelines, and clear information on service nature and accessibility.

62.0.2. The board of directors shall publish, on the order’s website, a service statement setting out its objectives with regard to its services and their quality. The statement must specify the time frame within which services are to be provided and provide clear information on their nature and accessibility. The board must also (1) remain receptive to the expectations of persons likely to make requests or institute proceedings with the order; (2) simplify the order’s service delivery rules and procedures to the greatest extent possible; and (3) encourage the order’s employees to provide quality services and to collaborate in achieving the results targeted. 2017, c. 11, s. 33.
Section 62.0.2Verify source
§ 62.1Section 62.1Provision

The board of directors may delegate certain powers to a committee, set its own business rules, define communication methods for absent members, and choose electronic voting methods for elections.

62.1. The board of directors may (1) delegate to a committee it creates for that purpose the power to decide any application preceding admission to the profession as well as its powers under sections 45 to 45.3, 46.0.1, 48 to 52.1 and 55 to 55.3; the members of such a committee shall be subject to the standards of ethics and professional conduct determined by the order and shall take the oath set out in Schedule II; however, the oath shall not be construed as prohibiting the sharing of information or documents within the order for the protection of the public; (2) establish rules for the carrying on of its business, including the number of meetings and the intervals at which they are to be held, and rules concerning the administration of the order’s property; (3) determine the means of communication through which members of the board of directors or the executive committee who are not present or physically in attendance at the place where a meeting of the board or the committee is being held may express their opinion with a view to the making of a decision, determine conditions for the use of such means of communication and, for the purposes of the fourth paragraph of section 79, the second paragraph of section 84 and the second paragraph of section 99, determine what constitutes a failure to express one’s opinion or an impediment, as the case may be; (4) choose to hold an election to elect the president and other directors by a technological means, which must ensure the security, secrecy and integrity of the ballot. 2008, c. 11, s. 38; 2014, c. 13, s. 21; 2017, c. 11, s. 34.
Section 62.1Verify source
§ 62.2Section 62.2Provision

A professional must tell the professional order about any professional liability claim filed with the insurer and any notice of loss filed with the insurer, according to the board of directors’ terms and conditions.

62.2. A professional must, in accordance with the terms and conditions determined by the board of directors, inform the order of which he is a member of any professional liability claim against him filed with his insurer and of any notice of loss he files with his insurer with respect to professional liability. 2008, c. 11, s. 38.
Section 62.2Verify source
§ 63Section 63Provision

The president and other directors must be elected for set terms, and the president cannot serve more than three terms.

63. The president and the other directors shall be elected on the dates set and for a term of at least two years but not more than four years determined by a regulation under paragraph b of section 93; they are eligible for re-election unless they have served the maximum number of consecutive terms that may be determined by the Order in the regulation. The president may not, however, serve more than three terms in that capacity. On the advice of the secretary of an order, the Office may order that an election be held on the date it fixes, where (1) an election has not been held in accordance with the first paragraph or in accordance with the Act constituting the professional order; or (2) the board of directors does not have a quorum by reason of a vacancy. The Office may again order that an election be held on the date it fixes or may appoint an eligible person to a vacant office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whom he replaces where (1) the election ordered by the Office under the second paragraph has not been held; or (2) the board of directors does not have a quorum despite the holding of the election ordered under the second paragraph. The Office may appoint an eligible person to a vacant office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whom he replaces, where (1) the election ordered by the Office under the third paragraph has not been held; or (2) the board of directors does not have a quorum despite the holding of the election ordered under the third paragraph. 1973, c. 43, s. 62; 1974, c. 65, s. 9; 1988, c. 29, s. 12; 1994, c. 40, s. 54; 2000, c. 13, s. 10; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 39; 2017, c. 11, s. 35.
Section 63Verify source
§ 63.1Section 63.1Provision

The board of directors must determine the particulars of an election process in a regulation when holding a technological election for the president and other directors.

63.1. The board of directors must, to hold an election to elect the president and other directors by a technological means, determine the particulars of the election process in a regulation made under paragraph b of section 93. The regulation may adapt the provisions of this Code to allow the implementation of the election. 2014, c. 13, s. 22.
Section 63.1Verify source
§ 64Section 64Provision

The president is elected by a method chosen by the board of directors, and a member cannot be a candidate for both president and director at the same time.

64. The president shall be elected, as determined by the board of directors, (a) by a general vote of the members of the order, by secret ballot; or (b) by a vote of the elected directors and appointed directors, who shall elect the president from among the directors elected by secret ballot. If the president is elected in accordance with subparagraph b of the preceding paragraph, the board of directors shall be deemed regularly constituted notwithstanding that the number of directors is reduced by one. No member may be a candidate, at the same time, for the office of president and for the office of director. 1973, c. 43, s. 63; 1974, c. 65, s. 10; 1988, c. 29, s. 13; 1994, c. 40, s. 55; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 36.
Section 64Verify source
§ 65Section 65Provision

The board of directors must set regional representation rules by regulation, and elected directors must not represent professionals from their own region.

65. To ensure adequate regional representation on the board of directors of the order, the board of directors shall, by regulation, determine the number of regions, delimit them and establish how each such region is to be represented in terms of the number of elected directors on the board of directors of the order. Such regions shall be delimited with reference to the description and map of the boundaries in Schedule I to the Décret concernant la révision des limites des régions administratives du Québec (chapter D-11, r. 1). Regional representation shall be established for the purpose of ensuring regional diversity on the board of directors. The elected directors shall not represent the professionals of the region the elected directors come from. If the number of members of the order is not sufficient to justify dividing the territory of Québec into regions, the board of directors may prescribe by regulation that all of such territory shall constitute a single region. The regulation may provide, within the board of directors, for representation of the sectors of professional activity of the members of the order and, for that purpose, may determine the activity sectors concerned, fix the number of directors representing them and establish how the sectors are to be represented among the directors. 1973, c. 43, s. 64; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1988, c. 29, s. 14; 1994, c. 40, s. 56; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 37.
Section 65Verify source
§ 66Section 66Repeal

Section 66 is repealed.

66. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 65; 1983, c. 54, s. 17; 2008, c. 11, s. 40.
Section 66Verify source
§ 66.1Section 66.1Provision

Only members of the order who are on the roll and not restricted or suspended in time may be candidates, and candidates in a region must have a professional domicile there.

66.1. Only those members of the order who are entered on the roll and whose right to engage in professional activities is not restricted or suspended at least 45 days before the date set for the closing of the poll may be candidates. However, the board of directors may, in a regulation under paragraph b of section 93, set a longer period of up to 60 days. A candidate who is struck off the roll or whose right to engage in professional activities is restricted or suspended before the election or who does not comply with rules of conduct applicable to the candidate established in a regulation under paragraph a of the first paragraph of section 94 is no longer eligible for the election in progress. A candidate cannot be a member of the board of directors or an officer of a legal person or of any other group of persons whose principal object is promoting the rights or defending the interests of members of the order or of professionals in general. Only those members of the order who have their professional domiciles in a particular region may be candidates in that region. 1983, c. 54, s. 17; 1994, c. 40, s. 57; 2000, c. 13, s. 11; 2008, c. 11, s. 41; 2017, c. 11, s. 38.
Section 66.1Verify source
§ 67Section 67Provision

Candidates for director must file a signed nomination paper with the secretary at least 30 days before the poll closes.

67. Candidates for the office of director shall be proposed by way of a nomination paper signed by the candidate and delivered to the secretary of the order at least 30 days before the date fixed for the closing of the poll. However, the board of directors may, in a regulation under paragraph b of section 93, fix a longer period of up to 45 days. The nomination paper must also be signed by five members of the order or by such number of members as may be determined by the board of directors in the regulation. The nomination paper must contain only the information determined by the board of directors in the regulation. The information contained in the nomination paper constitutes the only electoral communication messages that a candidate may send to the members of the order; the board of directors may, however, in the regulation, establish a framework for the dissemination of other messages. The Office, in collaboration with the Interprofessional Council, shall set guidelines for the messages or the means of electoral communication to be used by the candidates, including guidelines for messages that do not concern the protection of the public or whose purpose is to respond to other candidates’ messages or regarding the use of social media or direct mail. When adopting a regulation in accordance with the first paragraph, the board of directors shall take the guidelines set by the Office into account. The same applies to the candidates for the office of president, if the president is elected by a general vote of the members of the order. If only one candidate is proposed for an office within the fixed time, the secretary shall immediately declare him elected. 1973, c. 43, s. 66; 1974, c. 65, s. 11; 1988, c. 29, s. 15; 1994, c. 40, s. 58; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2000, c. 13, s. 12; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 39; 2026, c. 8, s. 12.
Section 67Verify source
§ 68Section 68Provision

Only professionals with their professional domiciles in a particular region may sign a candidate’s nomination paper for director in that region.

68. Only those professionals who have their professional domiciles in a particular region may sign the nomination paper of a candidate for the office of director in that region. 1973, c. 43, s. 67; 1994, c. 40, s. 59.
Section 68Verify source
§ 69Section 69Provision

The secretary of the order must send specified election documents to each member entitled to vote at least 15 days before the poll closes.

69. At least fifteen days before the date fixed for the closing of the poll, the secretary of the order shall send to each member of the order entitled to vote the following documents at the same time as he advises him of such date: (a) a ballot paper certified by the secretary, stating the names of the candidates for the office of director in the region in which each member may exercise his right to vote and an envelope in which to insert the ballet paper, bearing the words “BALLOT PAPER DIRECTOR” and the name of the order; (b) where the president is elected by a general vote of the members of the order, ballot paper certified by the secretary stating the names of the candidates for the office of president and an envelope in which to insert the ballot paper, bearing the words “BALLOT PAPER PRESIDENT” and the name of the order; (c) an envelope addressed to the secretary of the order bearing the word “ELECTION”, the name of the voter, his address and the name of the region in which he may exercise his right to vote; (d) any other document that may be prescribed by the board of directors in a regulation under paragraph b of section 93. 1973, c. 43, s. 68; 1974, c. 65, s. 12; 1977, c. 66, s. 4; 1988, c. 29, s. 16; 1994, c. 40, s. 60; 2000, c. 13, s. 13; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
Section 69Verify source
§ 70Section 70Provision

Election ballot papers and envelopes must be in the same form and as nearly alike as possible, and each ballot must include a blank voting space beside each candidate’s name.

70. All the ballot papers and envelopes to be used at an election shall be in the same form and as nearly alike as possible. Each ballot shall contain a blank space for voting purposes to the right of the name of each candidate. 1973, c. 43, s. 69; 1983, c. 54, s. 18; 2009, c. 35, s. 4.
Section 70Verify source
§ 71Section 71Provision

Certain members of the order may vote if they were members 45 days before the poll closes and still are. The board of directors may set a longer qualifying period, up to 60 days, by regulation under section 93(b).

71. Only the persons who were members of the order 45 days before the date fixed for the closing of the poll and still are may vote. However, the board of directors may, in a regulation under paragraph b of section 93, fix a longer period of up to 60 days. They shall cast their vote by marking the ballot paper within one or more of the blank spaces provided for that purpose, according to whether there are one or more candidates to be elected. 1973, c. 43, s. 70; 1974, c. 65, s. 13; 1977, c. 66, s. 5; 1983, c. 54, s. 19; 1994, c. 40, s. 61; 2000, c. 13, s. 14; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 42; 2009, c. 35, s. 5.
Section 71Verify source
§ 72Section 72Provision

The voter must send the ballot paper, or ballot papers in a general-vote election, to the secretary of the order in the envelope provided for that purpose.

72. The voter shall send his ballot paper, or his ballot papers if the president is elected by a general vote, to the secretary of the order in the envelope referred to in paragraph c of section 69 sent to him for that purpose. 1973, c. 43, s. 71; 1983, c. 54, s. 20; 1988, c. 29, s. 17; 1994, c. 40, s. 62.
Section 72Verify source
§ 73Section 73Provision

The secretary of the order must place all ballot-paper envelopes he receives into a sealed ballot box without opening them, if received before the poll closes.

73. The secretary of the order shall, without opening them, deposit in a sealed ballot box all the envelopes containing ballot papers he receives before the closing of the poll. 1973, c. 43, s. 72; 1994, c. 40, s. 63.
Section 73Verify source
§ 74Section 74Provision

The secretary of the order must count votes within 10 days after the poll closes, with designated scrutineers present, and must reject ballot papers that meet listed defect criteria.

74. Within ten days following the date of the closing of the poll, the secretary of the order shall proceed to the counting of the votes in the presence of the scrutineers designated by the board of directors; the number of such scrutineers must be three or such greater number as the board of directors may fix in a regulation under paragraph b of section 93. Any ballot paper marked within one or more of the blank spaces provided for that purpose shall be considered valid. However, the secretary of the order shall reject a ballot paper if it (1) was not certified by the secretary of the order; (2) is not marked; (3) is marked for more candidates than there are to elect; (4) is marked for a person who is not a candidate; (5) is marked outside the space provided for voting purposes; (6) bears a fanciful or injurious marking; or (7) bears a mark by which the elector can be identified. No ballot paper may be rejected for the sole reason that the mark extends beyond the space provided for voting purposes or that the space is not completely filled in. In case of a tie-vote, a drawing of lots determines which candidate is elected. 1973, c. 43, s. 73; 1974, c. 65, s. 14; 1975, c. 80, s. 5; 1994, c. 40, s. 64; 2000, c. 13, s. 15; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 35, s. 6.
Section 74Verify source
§ 75Section 75Provision

Elected directors must have a professional domicile in the region they represent, unless they are the president.

75. The elected directors must have their professional domiciles in the region or one of the regions they represent. An elected director shall be deemed to have resigned from the time he ceases to have his professional domicile in the region or one of the regions he represents. The first and second paragraphs do not apply to the elected director who holds the office of president. 1973, c. 43, s. 74; 1994, c. 40, s. 65; 1999, c. 40, s. 58.
Section 75Verify source
§ 76Section 76Provision

The president and elected directors must be members of the order.

76. The president and the directors elected must be members of the order. They shall enter into office on the date and at the time fixed under paragraph b of section 93 and remain in office until their death, resignation or replacement, the restriction or suspension of their right to engage in professional activities or their striking off the roll. An elected director shall be deemed to have resigned from the time the elected director no longer satisfies the eligibility rules applicable to candidates. 1973, c. 43, s. 75; 1974, c. 65, s. 15; 1988, c. 29, s. 18; 1994, c. 40, s. 66; 2008, c. 11, s. 43; 2017, c. 11, s. 40.
Section 76Verify source
§ 77Section 77Provision

If there are too few candidates, the board of directors must fill vacant positions within 30 days after the election. If the board has no elected director aged 35 or under, at least one vacant position must be filled by a member aged 35 or under.

77. If the number of candidates is less than the number of positions to be filled, any vacant position shall be filled by a member of the order appointed by the board of directors following an invitation for applications within 30 days after the election. Any member thus appointed shall be deemed to be an elected director of the board of directors whose term of office is of equivalent duration to that of the director whose position is vacant. If the board does not include an elected director who was 35 years of age or under at the time of the election, at least one vacant position shall be filled in accordance with the first paragraph by a member who is 35 years of age or under. 1973, c. 43, s. 76; 1994, c. 40, s. 67; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 41.
Section 77Verify source
§ 77.1Section 77.1Provision

77.1. If, following an election, the board of directors does not include at least one elected director who was 35 years of age or under at the time of the election, the board shall appoint an additional director from among the members of

77.1. If, following an election, the board of directors does not include at least one elected director who was 35 years of age or under at the time of the election, the board shall appoint an additional director from among the members of the order who are 35 years of age or under following an invitation for applications within 30 days after the election. The member thus appointed is deemed to be an elected director of the board whose term of office is of equivalent duration to that of the other directors and who cannot be reappointed in that capacity. In such a case, the board of directors shall be deemed to be regularly formed, although the number of directors is increased by one. 2017, c. 11, s. 41.
Section 77.1Verify source
§ 78Section 78Provision

The Office appoints a set number of directors depending on board size, and cannot appoint certain conflicted persons.

78. If the board of directors consists of eight directors, two directors, of whom at least one is not a member of a professional order, shall be appointed by the Office. If the board of directors consists of 9 to 12 directors, three directors, of whom at least two are not members of a professional order, shall be appointed by the Office. If the board of directors consists of 13 to 17 directors, four directors, of whom at least two are not members of a professional order, shall be appointed by the Office. The directors appointed by the Office under this Code or the Act constituting an order shall be appointed from a list drawn up by the Office after consultation with the Interprofessional Council and various socio-economic groups. The Office may also consult the order concerned before appointing one of its directors. The Office cannot appoint a director who is a member of the board of directors or an officer of a legal person or of any other group of persons whose principal object is promoting the rights or defending the interests of members of the order or of professionals in general. An appointed director shall be deemed to have resigned from the time the appointed director becomes such a member of a board of directors or such an officer. The directors appointed by the Office by virtue of this Code or of the constituting Act of an order shall be appointed for the same term as the elected directors and shall perform the same duties, have the same powers and be subject to the same obligations as the latter. The directors appointed by the Office shall be entitled, to the extent and on the conditions determined by the Government, to an attendance allowance and to the reimbursement of reasonable expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties. The allowance and the amount of reimbursement shall be payable by the Office. Notwithstanding any inconsistent provision, the directors appointed by the Office shall form an integral part of the board of directors as and when they take office. 1973, c. 43, s. 77; 1974, c. 65, s. 16, s. 109; 1977, c. 66, s. 6; 1983, c. 54, s. 21; 1994, c. 40, s. 68; 1995, c. 50, s. 4; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 44; 2017, c. 11, s. 42.
Section 78Verify source
§ 78.1Section 78.1Provision

Appointments of directors must tend toward gender parity, and the board should be composed as much as possible of members whose cultural identity reflects Québec society.

78.1. Any appointment of a director to the board of directors of an order, made under this Code or the Act constituting an order by the Office or by such a board, must tend toward gender parity. The board of directors must also be composed of members whose cultural identity reflects the various components of Québec society as much as possible. 2017, c. 11, s. 43.
Section 78.1Verify source
§ 79Section 79Provision

Vacancies in elected or appointed director offices must be filled, and a director may be replaced after missing three consecutive board meetings or failing to give an opinion under the board’s communication conditions.

79. Any vacancy in the office of an elected director shall be filled by an election by secret ballot held among the members of the board of directors or according to a mode of election, other than an election among the members of the board of directors, determined by a regulation under paragraph b of section 93. The term of office of the person so elected shall end upon the expiry of that of the person whom he replaces. The new director shall have his professional domicile in the region or one of the regions represented by the director whom he replaces unless there is no candidate from that region or those regions to fill the vacancy. Any vacancy in the office of an appointed director shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by a new director appointed by the Office in accordance with section 78. Any director who, without a reason considered valid by the board of directors, fails to attend three consecutive meetings of the board of directors or to express an opinion through a means of communication and subject to the conditions determined by the board of directors under paragraph 3 of section 62.1, shall be replaced in accordance with the provisions applicable in the case of a vacancy. 1973, c. 43, s. 78; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1988, c. 29, s. 19; 1994, c. 40, s. 69; 2008, c. 11, s. 45; 2017, c. 11, s. 44.
Section 79Verify source
§ 79.1Section 79.1Offence

Directors of a professional order are subject to ethics and professional conduct standards, and each professional order must make the code public and include reporting on related cases, breaches, decisions, and penalties in its annual report.

79.1. The directors of the board of directors of a professional order shall be subject to the standards of ethics and professional conduct determined by the Office under section 12.0.1 and to those in the code of ethics and professional conduct established by the board of directors under subparagraph 4 of the second paragraph of that section. Each professional order must ensure public access to the code, including on its website, and publish it in its annual report. Each professional order’s annual report must, in addition, give an account of the number of cases dealt with and the follow-up given to them, the breaches of the standards of ethics and professional conduct noted during the year, and the decisions rendered and penalties imposed. 2017, c. 11, s. 45.
Section 79.1Verify source
§ 80Section 80Provision

The president must supervise the board, help ensure its decisions are carried out, and may ask for information; the president also has some board leadership duties and a right to vote.

80. The president shall exercise a right of general supervision over the affairs of the board of directors. The president shall see, with the senior management of the order, that the board’s decisions are implemented and require any information the president considers relevant to keep the board informed of any other matter relating to the pursuit of the order’s mission. To the extent determined by the board, the president shall act as the order’s spokesperson and representative. The president shall also assume such other responsibilities as are assigned by the board but may not act as an officer. The president shall preside at the meetings of the board of directors and over the proceedings of the general meeting of members of the order; the president is responsible for the administration of the affairs of the board; the president shall see to the proper performance of the board; the president shall coordinate the work of the board and of the general meeting; the president shall see that the directors on the board comply with the standards of ethics and professional conduct applicable to them. The president may require information from a member of a committee created by the board of directors, from an employee of the order or from any person exercising, within the order, a function provided for in this Code or the Act constituting the order, including a syndic in regard to the conduct or progress of an inquiry, or, if applicable, any person exercising a function or power relating to professional liability insurance business under section 86.1. The president is a director of the board of directors and has the right to vote. The president may not exercise any other functions assigned under this Code or the Act constituting the order of which he is a member. 1973, c. 43, s. 79; 1994, c. 40, s. 70; 2000, c. 13, s. 16; 2008, c. 11, s. 46; 2017, c. 11, s. 46; 2018, c. 23, s. 4.
Section 80Verify source
§ 81Section 81Provision

If the president’s office becomes vacant, the president is to be replaced for the rest of the term by an elected director designated by the board of directors or by another designation method set by regulation. If the president cannot act, the board may appoint an elected director to carry out the president’s functions while that inability continues.

81. If the office of president becomes vacant, the president shall be replaced for the unexpired portion of his term by one of the elected directors designated by the board of directors or according to a mode of designation, other than designation by the board, determined by regulation under paragraph b of section 93. If the president is unable to act, the board of directors may designate an elected director to exercise the president’s functions for the duration of the inability to act. 1973, c. 43, s. 80; 2008, c. 11, s. 47; 2017, c. 11, s. 47.
Section 81Verify source
§ 82Section 82Provision

Board members must hold enough meetings to carry out the board’s functions and exercise its rights, powers and prerogatives, and they must meet at least six times a year.

82. The members of the board of directors shall hold the number of meetings required to carry out the functions and exercise all the rights, powers and prerogatives that this Code or an Act constituting an order confers on the board of directors. However, they must meet at least six times a year. 1973, c. 43, s. 81; 1975, c. 80, s. 6; 2008, c. 11, s. 48; 2017, c. 11, s. 48.
Section 82Verify source
§ 83Section 83Provision

Special meetings of the board of directors must be held when requested by the president or by one-quarter of the board members.

83. Special meetings of the board of directors shall be held at the request of the president or one-quarter of the members of the board of directors. 1973, c. 43, s. 82; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
Section 83Verify source
§ 84Section 84Provision

Board decisions need a quorum and are generally taken by majority vote; members must vote or state their opinion as set by the board, unless an impediment or recusation exception applies; the president has a casting vote on a tie.

84. A majority of the members of the board of directors shall constitute a quorum; every decision shall be taken by a majority of the members present or of those members who express their opinion on the decision through a means of communication and subject to the conditions determined by the board of directors under paragraph 3 of section 62.1. The members must vote or express their opinion as determined by the board of directors under paragraph 3 of section 62.1, except if there is an impediment determined by the board of directors or a ground for recusation considered sufficient by the president. In the case of a tie-vote, the president shall have a casting vote. 1973, c. 43, s. 83; 1988, c. 29, s. 20; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 50.
Section 84Verify source
§ 85Section 85Provision

The board of directors may dismiss certain officers only with a two-thirds vote, and dismissing a syndic requires advance written notice and reasons.

85. Despite any inconsistent provision, a two-thirds majority vote of the members of the board of directors is required to dismiss the secretary of the order, a syndic or a person to whom a regulation under paragraph a of section 94 applies. The board of directors may dismiss a syndic only if a written notice to attend is sent to him at least 30 days before the date of the meeting of the board of directors at which the resolution proposing the dismissal is to be presented. The notice shall set out the reasons for the proposed dismissal and inform the syndic of his right to be heard by the board of directors. The board of directors shall notify the Office of the reasons for the dismissal of a syndic within 30 days of its decision. The order’s power to dismiss a person under this section may not be limited by a contract of employment or a collective agreement. 1977, c. 66, s. 7; 1994, c. 40, s. 71; 2008, c. 11, s. 51.
Section 85Verify source
§ 85.1Section 85.1Amendment

The board of directors must set the annual assessment amount and payment date, and it may set supplementary or special assessments, subject to consultation and, for a special assessment resolution, approval by a majority of voting members at general meeting.

85.1. The board of directors shall determine the amount of the annual assessment, after consultation with the members in general meeting and after having considered the result of the consultation required under section 103.1, and of any supplementary or special assessment to be paid by the members of the order or certain classes of members on the basis of the professional activities in which they engage, and the date by which the assessment must be paid. To come into force, a resolution passed by the board of directors under the first paragraph to determine a special assessment must be approved by a majority of the members in general meeting who vote on the matter. A resolution determining an annual assessment is applicable for the year for which the assessment has been determined and it remains applicable, so long as it is not amended, for each subsequent year. A resolution determining a supplementary or special assessment is applicable for the specific purposes and the duration it specifies. For the purposes of this section, a supplementary assessment is an assessment that has become necessary to enable the order to meet its obligations under a regulation of the Office under subparagraph 6 of the fourth paragraph of section 12 or section 12.0.1.1 or to pay expenses resulting from the payment of compensation or expenses related to the procedure for recognizing the equivalence of diplomas issued outside Québec or the equivalence of training, or related to the carrying out of the provisions of this Code that pertain to professional discipline or inspection. 2008, c. 11, s. 52; 2017, c. 11, s. 49; 2026, c. 8, s. 14.
Section 85.1Verify source
§ 85.1.1Section 85.1.1Provision

The board must approve one of the specified insurance or suretyship arrangements, while members of the order must furnish and maintain security for professional liability.

85.1.1. In addition to imposing on the members of the order the obligation to furnish and maintain security to cover professional liability in accordance with paragraph d of section 93 or, if applicable, subparagraph p of the first paragraph of section 94, the board shall, pursuant to those provisions, approve either (1) the standard insurance or suretyship contract or the other means determined by regulation; (2) the member’s contract for joining the group plan contract entered into by the order; or (3) the subscription contract for the professional liability insurance fund established under section 86.1. 2018, c. 23, s. 5; 2024, c. 31, s. 11.
Section 85.1.1Verify source
§ 85.2Section 85.2Provision

The board of directors must compute and allocate the amount needed to cover the operating cost of the group plan or professional liability insurance fund, and set when and where it is paid.

85.2. The board of directors shall compute, in accordance with the regulations made under paragraph d of section 93 and subparagraph p of the first paragraph of section 94 or in accordance with paragraph 3 of section 187.11, the amount required to defray the operating cost of the group plan or the professional liability insurance fund, apportion that amount among all the members of the order or certain classes of them or, if so provided by the regulation under subparagraph p of the first paragraph of section 94, solely among the members who carry on their professional activities within an organization in accordance with section 187.11, and determine when and where that amount must be paid, the whole in accordance with the conditions and procedures it determines; for that purpose, the board of directors may determine the amount payable by a member on the basis of the risk represented by the class to which he belongs and in view of the claims filed under the group plan or the professional liability insurance fund for any fault committed by that member in the practice of his profession. The amount required to defray the operating cost of the group plan or the professional liability insurance fund includes premiums, administration costs, contributions to the group plan or professional liability insurance fund and any other expenses inherent in the operation of such a plan or fund. 2008, c. 11, s. 52; 2024, c. 31, s. 12.
Section 85.2Verify source
§ 85.3Section 85.3Provision

The board of directors must strike off the roll a member who defaults on certain payments, security, agreement terms, or fees under section 46.

85.3. The board of directors shall strike off the roll a member who (1) fails to pay the assessments and the contribution referred to in paragraph 2 of section 46 within the period specified; (2) fails to furnish the security or pay the amount referred to in paragraph 3 of section 46 within the period specified; (3) fails to comply with the terms of the agreement referred to in paragraphs 4 and 4.1 of section 46; or (4) fails to pay the fees referred to in paragraph 5 of section 46. 2008, c. 11, s. 52.
Section 85.3Verify source
§ 86Section 86Repeal

Section 86 is repealed.

86. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 84; 1974, c. 65, s. 17, s. 109; 1975, c. 80, s. 7; 1977, c. 66, s. 8; 1983, c. 54, s. 22; 1987, c. 54, s. 33; 1988, c. 29, s. 21; 1989, c. 38, s. 319; 1994, c. 40, s. 72; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2000, c. 13, s. 17; 2001, c. 34, s. 3; 2006, c. 22, s. 151; 2008, c. 11, s. 53.
Section 86Verify source
§ 86.0.1Section 86.0.1Provision

The board of directors may take several administrative and financial actions, including publishing information, forming committees, creating funds and plans, entering agreements, setting certain costs, requiring an oath for applicants, and suggesting professional fee tariffs.

86.0.1. The board of directors may, in particular, (1) publish any periodical, leaflet or information concerning the activities of the order or its members; (2) form committees, determine their powers and the standards of ethics and professional conduct applicable to their members, and fix the salary, fees or indemnities of those members; (3) establish a benevolent fund or a pension plan, in accordance with the Supplemental Pension Plans Act (chapter R-15.1), for the benefit of the members or employees of the order; (4) establish and administer a retirement fund for the members of the order and organize group insurance plans on their behalf; (5) establish and administer a contingency fund, the assets of which are invested in accordance with articles 1339 to 1344 of the Civil Code, for the benefit of members of the order in need; (6) establish and administer a fund to promote training, information, the quality of professional services and research; (7) enter into an agreement with any body to facilitate mutual recognition of the qualifications required for the issue of permits, specialist certificates or special authorizations; (8) prescribe the formalities and administration costs payable for requests addressed to the order by the members or by applicants for admission to the profession; (9) (paragraph replaced); (10) require any person applying for a permit or for entry on the roll to take the oath in the form established by the board of directors; (11) prescribe that fees in the amount fixed by the Office pursuant to paragraph 2 of section 12.3, shall be charged to a person who requests an opinion from the review committee in accordance with section 123.4; (12) suggest a tariff of professional fees that the members of the order may apply in respect of the professional services they render. 1994, c. 40, s. 73; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 54; 2017, c. 11, s. 50.
Section 86.0.1Verify source
§ 86.0.2Section 86.0.2Provision

The board of directors may create and run a pilot project, after consulting the Office, to improve or test matters covered by regulations under section 95.1.

86.0.2. The board of directors may develop and implement, after consultation with the Office, a pilot project to improve the matters covered by a regulation to which section 95.1 applies or to experiment or innovate in those matters. A pilot project must be in line with the objectives pursued by this Code or by the Act constituting a professional order. The board of directors shall determine, by regulation, the standards and obligations applicable under a pilot project, which may differ from the standards and obligations set out in the regulations to which section 95.1 applies. A pilot project is established for a period of up to two years, which the board of directors may extend by up to one year, after consultation with the Office. The board of directors shall report to the Office annually on the implementation of a pilot project, and, at the Office’s request, at any other time. In the six months following the end of a pilot project, the board of directors shall evaluate the pilot project and send its report and any recommendations to the Office. The report shall be made public, within the same period, on the order’s website. 2024, c. 31, s. 13; 2026, c. 8, s. 15.
Section 86.0.2Verify source

Legislative relationships

10 referenced instruments

Names are derived from the stored provision headings and citation-enrichment layer. Treat this as a research index and verify each relationship against the source text.

A–F

4 instruments

  • Chapter IV and amendments to this Code

    Section 12
  • Civil Code

    Sections 12.0.1.2, 86.0.1
  • Courts of Justice Act

    Section 16.23
  • Education Act

    Section 16.10

N–S

6 instruments

  • of any regulation

    Section 12.0.1.3
  • Office are appointed according to the Public Service Act

    Section 5
  • Public Service Act

    Section 8
  • Québec or a federal Act

    Section 45
  • Regulations Act

    Section 42.5
  • Schedule I are constituted by a special Act

    Section 24

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  • 10 Jun 2026 · currentEnglish

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