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Canada — Quebec Act or statute

Canada — Quebec legislation

Professional Code

This section defines key terms used in the Code and its regulations, unless the context requires a different meaning.

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conversionlitigationlitigation deadlinesloss noticesmedical examinationmedication administrationmeeting locationmeeting proceduremeetingsmember assessmentsmember disciplinemember meetingsmember notificationmembership administrationmental healthministerial adviceministerial designationministerial filingministerial reportingmisleading designationmisrepresentationmisrepresentation of professional statusmouth guardsnoticeoathoathsoffences and penaltiesoffice functionsoffice operationsoperating costsorder amalgamationorder membershiporganizational obligationsorganizational restrictionspartnership governancepenal proceedingspenaltiespermit and roll requirementspermit applicationpermit cancellationpermit eligibilitypermit issuancepermit regulationpermit requirementspermit suspensionpermit suspension or revocationpermitspersonal information disclosurepilot projectsposting deadlinespowers and immunitiespractice restrictionpractice standardsprivacy complianceprocedural deadlinesprocedural 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oversightprofessional partnership namingprofessional permitsprofessional practiceprofessional practice complianceprofessional practice recordsprofessional practice restrictionprofessional practice supervisionprofessional registrationprofessional regulationprofessional reportingprofessional rollsprofessional scope of practiceprofessional secrecyprofessional servicesprofessional standardsprofessional title useprofessional titlesprosecution information exchangeprovisional orderspsychotherapypublic employment compensationpublic expense administrationpublic fundspublic healthpublic informationpublic noticespublic protectionpublic sector governancepublication costspublication noticepublication of decisionpublication of noticespublication requirementspublication restrictionsquorumrecord inspectionrecord keepingrecord transmissionrecording of proceedingsrecords custodyrecords-keepingregional representationregister entriesregister maintenanceregulated professionsregulatory 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Jurisdiction
Canada — Quebec
Structure
490 provisions
Dates
Source version 10 Jun 2026
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“This section defines key terms used in the Code and its regulations, unless the context requires a different meaning.”

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Section 182.9

The secretary of the order must notify members and the Office about certain final disciplinary decisions affecting a professional’s status; the secretary may also publish a notice and the order may recover publication expenses from the professional.

Section 182.9

Section 187.4.3

Penal proceedings for unlawful psychotherapy practice or unauthorized use of the title “Psychotherapist” are brought by the psychologists’ order, and in couple or family cases may also be brought by the social workers and couple-and-family therapists order.

Section 187.4.3

Section 187.12

Subject to this chapter, a limited liability partnership is governed by the rules for general partnerships in the Civil Code.

Section 187.12

Section 191

The Attorney General or the interested order may ask the Superior Court for an interlocutory injunction to stop repeated offences, subject to the stated conditions.

Section 191

Schedule

Chapter 43 of the Statutes of 1973 is repealed, with listed sections excepted, effective when chapter C-26 of the Revised Statutes comes into force.

Schedule

04

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Source record from www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca · Source version 10 Jun 2026

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Provisions 401–490

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Showing 90 of 490 provisions

Provision 51Repeal 22Offence 15Amendment 2
§ 182.9Section 182.9Provision

Source excerpt

The secretary of the order must notify members and the Office about certain final disciplinary decisions affecting a professional’s status; the secretary may also publish a notice and the order may recover publication expenses from the professional.

182.9. The secretary of the order of which a professional who is struck off the roll, whose permit or specialist’s certificate is revoked or whose right to practise is restricted or suspended is a member must send to each of its members a notice of the final decision of the board of directors or the Professions Tribunal, as the case may be, entailing the striking off the roll, revocation, restriction or suspension and a notice of any decision of the tribunal correcting or revising such a decision. The secretary of the order may also have a notice published in a newspaper having general circulation in the place where the professional has his professional domicile and in any other place where the professional has practised or could practise. The secretary of the council shall choose the newspaper most likely to be read by the professional’s clientele. The notice shall contain the name of the professional, the place of his professional domicile, the name of the order of which he is a member, his specialty, if any, and the date and a summary of the decision. In addition, the secretary of the order must transmit to the Office every final decision of the board of directors or the Professions Tribunal, as the case may be, that entails permanent striking off the roll or permanent restriction or suspension of a professional’s right to practise and, where applicable, any decision of the tribunal correcting or revising such a decision. The notices referred to in the first paragraph may be published or inserted in an official or regular publication of the order sent to each of its members. If published, a notice must be presented within a delimited space, under a heading clearly stating that the notice concerns the restriction or suspension of a member’s right to practise, a member’s being struck off the roll or the revocation of a member’s permit or specialist’s certificate. The order may recover the expenses incurred for publication of the notices provided for in this section from the professional concerned. 1994, c. 40, s. 163; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 133.
Section 182.9Verify source
§ 182.10Section 182.10Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 182.10 is repealed.

182.10. (Repealed). 1994, c. 40, s. 163; 2000, c. 13, s. 43.
Section 182.10Verify source
§ 183Section 183Provision

Source excerpt

The Government may adopt a regulation or amendments to a regulation if the board of directors fails to adopt them, after receiving the Office’s recommendation.

183. The Government may, by regulation and after having received the recommendation of the Office pursuant to subparagraph 2 or 4 of the fourth paragraph of section 12, adopt a regulation or amendments to a regulation that the board of directors fails to adopt. 1973, c. 43, s. 177; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1988, c. 29, s. 52; 1994, c. 40, s. 164; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 83.
Section 183Verify source
§ 183.1Section 183.1Provision

Source excerpt

The Government may make regulations listing titles, abbreviations, initials, words, or expressions that can create a misleading impression of professional membership or reserved practice.

183.1. The Government may, by regulation, establish a list of titles, abbreviations of titles or initials which, when used by a person or attributed to himself by a person who is not a member of the professional order indicated in the regulation, may lead to the belief that the person is a member of that order or that the person practises a professional activity reserved for members of that order. The Government may also, by regulation, establish a list of words or expressions which, when associated with the name of a person who is not a member of the professional order indicated in the regulation, may lead to the belief that the person is a member of that order or that the person practises a professional activity reserved for members of that order. 1994, c. 40, s. 164.
Section 183.1Verify source
§ 184Section 184Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 184 is repealed.

184. (Repealed). 1973, c. 43, s. 178; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1975, c. 80, s. 31; 1977, c. 5, s. 14; 1988, c. 29, s. 53; 1993, c. 26, s. 24; 1994, c. 40, s. 164; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 84; 2024, c. 31, s. 29; 2026, c. 8, s. 24.
Section 184Verify source
§ 184.1Section 184.1Amendment

Source excerpt

The Government may make a standard compulsory in a regulation it is empowered to make under this Code or under an Act constituting a professional order.

184.1. The Government may, in a regulation that it is empowered to make under this Code or under an Act constituting a professional order, make compulsory a standard established by a government or body. It may provide that reference to such a standard includes any subsequent amendment made to it. 1994, c. 40, s. 164.
Section 184.1Verify source
§ 184.2Section 184.2Amendment

Source excerpt

The Professions Tribunal may adopt regulations needed to ensure compliance with specified sections, and the regulations must be submitted to the Government for approval.

184.2. The Professions Tribunal may adopt the regulations it considers necessary to ensure proper compliance with sections 162 to 177.1 and 182.1 to 182.8 of this Code. The regulations shall be submitted to the Government, which may approve them with or without amendment. 1994, c. 40, s. 164; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 184.2Verify source
§ 184.3Section 184.3Provision

Source excerpt

The Office may adopt rules of evidence and regulations for proceedings about complaints and requests sent to the disciplinary councils, after consulting the Bureau and the Québec Interprofessional Council.

184.3. The Office may, by regulation and after consultation with the Bureau and the Québec Interprofessional Council, adopt rules of evidence and regulations for the conduct of proceedings relating to complaints and requests submitted to the disciplinary councils. 2008, c. 11, s. 134, s. 213; 2013, c. 12, s. 27; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP); 2017, c. 11, s. 85.
Section 184.3Verify source
§ 185Section 185Provision

Source excerpt

Only specified professionals may practise radiology on animate beings, and only if they have the permit referred to in section 186 and comply with their governing laws and regulations.

185. No professional other than a physician, veterinary surgeon, dentist or dental hygienist acting in accordance with the laws and regulations governing him may practise radiology on animate beings without holding a permit contemplated in section 186. 1973, c. 43, s. 179; 2020, c. 15, s. 15.
Section 185Verify source
§ 186Section 186Provision

Source excerpt

The Office must make regulations setting standards for issuing and holding permits to practise radiology.

186. The Office shall fix, by regulation, the standards for the issue and holding of permits to practise radiology. For that purpose, the Office must obtain the assistance of experts including in particular the representatives of the interested professions. 1973, c. 43, s. 180; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1988, c. 29, s. 54.
Section 186Verify source
§ 187Section 187Provision

Source excerpt

A professional seeking the permit must apply to the order’s board of directors, which must issue it if the stated standards are met.

187. A professional who wishes to obtain a permit contemplated in section 186 shall apply for it to the board of directors of the order of which he is a member. The board of directors of the order shall issue the permit, in keeping with the standards of the Office, if the professional fulfils the conditions prescribed by these standards. A permit may be suspended or revoked, in conformity with the standards of the Office, by the board of directors that issued it. A decision under this paragraph may be appealed from to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. 1973, c. 43, s. 181; 1974, c. 65, s. 109; 1994, c. 40, s. 165; 2000, c. 13, s. 44; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
Section 187Verify source
§ 187.1Section 187.1Provision

Source excerpt

187.1. With the exception of physicians, psychologists and marriage and family therapists, no person shall practise psychotherapy, claim to have the right to do so or act in such a way as to lead to the belief that the person is authorized

187.1. With the exception of physicians, psychologists and marriage and family therapists, no person shall practise psychotherapy, claim to have the right to do so or act in such a way as to lead to the belief that the person is authorized to do so, or use the title of “Psychotherapist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a psychotherapist, unless he is a member of the Ordre professionnel des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec, the Ordre professionnel des criminologues du Québec, the Ordre professionnel des ergothérapeutes du Québec, the Ordre professionnel des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec, the Ordre professionnel des psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices du Québec or the Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec or is a social worker and unless he holds a psychotherapist’s permit. Despite the first paragraph, a person may practise psychotherapy and use the title of “Psychotherapist” or any other title or abbreviation which may lead to the belief that he is a psychotherapist if he holds a psychotherapist’s permit issued in accordance with a regulation made under section 187.3.1.1. Psychotherapy is psychological treatment for a mental disorder, behavioural disturbance or other problem resulting in psychological suffering or distress, and has as its purpose to foster significant changes in the client’s cognitive, emotional or behavioural functioning, his interpersonal relations, his personality or his health. Such treatment goes beyond help aimed at dealing with everyday difficulties and beyond a support or counselling role. The Office shall establish by regulation a list of actions which relate to psychotherapy but do not constitute psychotherapy within the meaning of the second paragraph, and shall define those actions. 1998, c. 18, s. 3; 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2020, c. 15, s. 16; 2026, c. 8, s. 25.
Section 187.1Verify source
§ 187.2Section 187.2Provision

Source excerpt

Specified health professionals must practise psychotherapy under the governing laws and follow four practice rules.

187.2. Every physician, psychologist, marriage and family therapist or holder of a psychotherapist’s permit shall practise psychotherapy in accordance with the laws and regulations governing the physician, psychologist or permit holder, and with the following rules: (1) establish a structured process of interaction with the client; (2) do a thorough initial evaluation; (3) apply therapeutic procedures based on communication; and (4) use scientifically recognized theoretical models and proven intervention methods that respect human dignity. 1998, c. 18, s. 3; 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 26.
Section 187.2Verify source
§ 187.3Section 187.3Provision

Source excerpt

To obtain a psychotherapist’s permit, a person must apply to the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec and pay the annual fees set by the board.

187.3. To obtain a psychotherapist’s permit, a person shall apply to the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec and pay the annual fees set by the board. 1998, c. 18, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 28, s. 11.
Section 187.3Verify source
§ 187.3.1Section 187.3.1Offence

Source excerpt

The Office must make regulations setting conditions for using the title “Psychotherapist,” permit-issuance standards, and continuing-education requirements, including penalties for non-compliance and possible exemptions.

187.3.1. The Office shall determine, by regulation, (1) the conditions to be met for a physician, psychologist, marriage and family therapist or holder of a psychotherapist’s permit to use the title of “Psychotherapist”; (2) the standards for the issue of a psychotherapist’s permit; and (3) the framework for the continuing education requirements with which a physician, psychologist or marriage and family therapist practicing psychotherapy, or a holder of a psychotherapist’s permit must comply, in accordance with the conditions set by resolution of the board of directors of the Collège des médecins du Québec, the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec and the Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec, the penalties for failing to comply and, where applicable, the cases in which a member may be exempted from complying. 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 27.
Section 187.3.1Verify source
§ 187.3.1.1Section 187.3.1.1Provision

Source excerpt

The Office may make regulations about which out-of-province or territorial psychotherapy authorizations qualify for access to a psychotherapist’s permit, and about the permit standards for those holders.

187.3.1.1. The Office may, by regulation, determine which legal authorizations to practise psychotherapy issued in another province or a territory of Canada give access to a psychotherapist’s permit as well as the standards for the issue of that permit to the holders of the legal authorizations. The regulation provided for in the first paragraph must determine the provisions of this Code and of the regulations made under it by the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec that apply to such a holder of a psychotherapist’s permit. 2026, c. 8, s. 28.
Section 187.3.1.1Verify source
§ 187.3.1.2Section 187.3.1.2Provision

Source excerpt

Section 187.3.1.1 applies subject to sections 35, 37 and 38 of the Charter of the French language.

187.3.1.2. Section 187.3.1.1 applies subject to sections 35, 37 and 38 of the Charter of the French language (chapter C-11). 2026, c. 8, s. 28.
Section 187.3.1.2Verify source
§ 187.3.2Section 187.3.2Provision

Source excerpt

The Office may make transitional measures and, for a limited period, allow psychotherapist permits to be issued and decide which Code provisions and regulations will apply to those permit holders.

187.3.2. In exercising the regulatory power conferred by section 187.3.1, the Office is authorized to take transitional measures during the first six years following 21 June 2012. These measures may have effect, in whole or in part, from any date not prior to that date. The Office is also authorized, for the period specified in the first paragraph and under the conditions it determines, to allow a psychotherapist’s permit to be issued by the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec to persons who do not satisfy the conditions of issue respecting a permit of one of the professional orders whose members may practise psychotherapy, and to determine the provisions of the Professional Code (chapter C-26) and the regulations made under it by the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec that will apply to such a holder of a psychotherapist’s permit. 2009, c. 28, s. 11.
Section 187.3.2Verify source
§ 187.3.3Section 187.3.3Provision
187.3.3. The Office may, by regulation, determine, from among the activities the holder of a psychotherapist’s permit may engage in, those that may be engaged in by the persons and categories of persons indicated in the regulation, in particular those that are required in order to complete a period of training determined pursuant to paragraph 2 of section 187.3.1, as well as the terms and conditions according to which they may engage in those activities; the regulation may determine, from among the regulatory standards applicable to holders of a psychotherapist’s permit, those that are applicable to persons who are not holders of a psychotherapist’s permit. 2026, c. 8, s. 29.
Section 187.3.3Verify source
§ 187.4Section 187.4Provision

Source excerpt

When a specific inspection or inquiry is being carried out, the committee or syndic must hire an expert from the Quebec psychologists’ order. The board of directors must also notify that order’s board of directors about certain recommendations, decisions, and related board decisions involving a psychotherapist’s permit holder.

187.4. When carrying out a specific inspection or an inquiry, the professional inspection committee or the syndic of the professional order to which the holder of a psychotherapist’s permit belongs must retain the services of an expert who is a member of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec. The board of directors of the professional order to which the holder of a psychotherapist’s permit belongs must inform the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec of any recommendation or decision made by the professional inspection committee or the disciplinary council and of any decision of the board of directors further to that recommendation concerning a member of the same order who holds a psychotherapist’s permit. 1998, c. 18, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 28, s. 11.
Section 187.4Verify source
§ 187.4.1Section 187.4.1Provision

Source excerpt

The board of directors may suspend or revoke a psychotherapist’s permit if the person does not meet listed membership, fee, title-use, or permit-standard requirements.

187.4.1. The board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec may suspend or revoke the psychotherapist’s permit of any person who fails to maintain his membership in a professional order, pay the annual fees, meet the conditions relating to the use of the title of “Psychotherapist”, or satisfy the standards for the issue of a psychotherapist’s permit. A decision made under the first paragraph may be appealed from to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. 2009, c. 28, s. 11.
Section 187.4.1Verify source
§ 187.4.2Section 187.4.2Provision

Source excerpt

The board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec must suspend or revoke a psychotherapist’s permit, or restrict the right to practise psychotherapy, when specified disciplinary decisions have been made.

187.4.2. The board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec shall suspend or revoke a psychotherapist’s permit if the holder has been the subject of a decision by the board of directors of the professional order of which he is a member or of a final decision by the disciplinary council of that order or by the Professions Tribunal, imposing a suspension or a full restriction on the right to practise psychotherapy. The permit is suspended for the duration specified in the decision of the board of directors, the disciplinary council or the Professions Tribunal. If the holder of a psychotherapist’s permit has been the subject of a decision by the board of directors of the professional order of which he is a member or of a final decision by the disciplinary council of that order or by the Professions Tribunal, imposing a partial restriction on the right to practise psychotherapy, the board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec shall restrict, under the same conditions, the right to practise psychotherapy. The board of directors of the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec shall inform the board of directors of the professional order of which the holder of the psychotherapist’s permit is a member of any suspension or revocation of the permit. 2009, c. 28, s. 11.
Section 187.4.2Verify source
§ 187.4.3Section 187.4.3Provision

Source excerpt

Penal proceedings for unlawful psychotherapy practice or unauthorized use of the title “Psychotherapist” are brought by the psychologists’ order, and in couple or family cases may also be brought by the social workers and couple-and-family therapists order.

187.4.3. Any penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of psychotherapy are instituted by the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec. Where the activity is engaged in with a couple or a family, such penal proceedings may also be instituted by the Ordre des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec. Any penal proceedings for the unauthorized use of the title of “Psychotherapist” are instituted by the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec. Penal proceedings are instituted on a resolution of the order’s board of directors or executive committee. 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 30.
Section 187.4.3Verify source
§ 187.5Section 187.5Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.5 is repealed.

187.5. (Repealed). 1998, c. 18, s. 3; 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5Verify source
§ 187.5.1Section 187.5.1Repeal

Source excerpt

This section is repealed.

187.5.1. (Repealed). 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5.1Verify source
§ 187.5.2Section 187.5.2Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.5.2 is repealed.

187.5.2. (Repealed). 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5.2Verify source
§ 187.5.3Section 187.5.3Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.5.3 is repealed.

187.5.3. (Repealed). 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5.3Verify source
§ 187.5.4Section 187.5.4Repeal

Source excerpt

This section is repealed.

187.5.4. (Repealed). 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5.4Verify source
§ 187.5.5Section 187.5.5Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.5.5 is repealed.

187.5.5. (Repealed). 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5.5Verify source
§ 187.5.6Section 187.5.6Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.5.6 is repealed.

187.5.6. (Repealed). 2009, c. 28, s. 11; 2026, c. 8, s. 31.
Section 187.5.6Verify source
§ 187.6Section 187.6Provision

Source excerpt

A person may not operate a laboratory that is equipped to fabricate or repair dental prostheses or dental appliances unless the work is under the direction of a person holding the required laboratory management permit.

187.6. No person may operate a laboratory equipped to fabricate or repair dental prostheses and dental appliances unless such activities are under the direction of a person holding a dental prosthesis and dental appliance laboratory management permit. 2000, c. 13, s. 45; 2020, c. 15, s. 18.
Section 187.6Verify source
§ 187.7Section 187.7Provision

Source excerpt

The Office must make regulations setting standards for dental prosthesis and dental appliance laboratory management permits and for operating laboratories that fabricate or repair those items.

187.7. The Office shall make regulations fixing standards concerning (1) the issue and holding of dental prosthesis and dental appliance laboratory management permits; (2) the operation of laboratories equipped to fabricate or repair dental prostheses and dental appliances. 2000, c. 13, s. 45; 2020, c. 15, s. 19.
Section 187.7Verify source
§ 187.8Section 187.8Provision

Source excerpt

Certain order members who want the permit mentioned in section 187.6 must apply in writing to the secretary of their professional order.

187.8. A member of the Ordre professionnel des denturologistes du Québec or of the Ordre professionnel des technologues en prothèses et appareils dentaires du Québec who wishes to obtain a permit referred to in section 187.6 must apply in writing to the secretary of the professional order of which the person is a member. 2000, c. 13, s. 45; 2020, c. 15, s. 20.
Section 187.8Verify source
§ 187.9Section 187.9Provision

Source excerpt

187.9. The board of directors of a professional order referred to in the first paragraph of section 187.8 shall issue a permit to every person who meets the standards fixed by the Office and pays the fees prescribed by the board of

187.9. The board of directors of a professional order referred to in the first paragraph of section 187.8 shall issue a permit to every person who meets the standards fixed by the Office and pays the fees prescribed by the board of directors. A decision to refuse to issue a permit to a person who applies therefor under the second paragraph of section 187.8 may be appealed from to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. In accordance with the standards fixed by the Office, a permit may be suspended or cancelled at any time by the board of directors of the professional order that issued the permit. A decision under this paragraph may be appealed from to the Professions Tribunal in accordance with the provisions of Division VIII of Chapter IV. 2000, c. 13, s. 45; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 135.
Section 187.9Verify source
§ 187.10Section 187.10Provision

Source excerpt

This chapter does not apply to certain Quebec dental professionals when they make or repair dental prostheses, dental appliances, or mouth guards for their own patients.

187.10. This chapter does not apply (1) to a member of the Ordre professionnel des dentistes du Québec who fabricates or repairs a dental prosthesis or a dental appliance for a natural person having direct recourse to the member’s services in the practice of the member’s profession; (2) to a member of the Ordre professionnel des denturologistes du Québec who fabricates or repairs a dental prosthesis or fabricates a mouth guard for a natural person having direct recourse to the member’s services in the practice of the member’s profession; or (3) to a member of the Ordre professionnel des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec who fabricates a mouth guard for a natural person having direct recourse to the member’s services in the practice of the member’s profession. 2000, c. 13, s. 45; 2020, c. 15, s. 21.
Section 187.10Verify source
§ 187.10.1Section 187.10.1Repeal

Source excerpt

187.10.1. (Repealed). 2007, c. 42, s. 3; 2009, c. 35, s. 21, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.

187.10.1. (Repealed). 2007, c. 42, s. 3; 2009, c. 35, s. 21, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.1Verify source
§ 187.10.2Section 187.10.2Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.10.2 is repealed.

187.10.2. (Repealed). 2007, c. 42, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 35, s. 22, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.2Verify source
§ 187.10.2.1Section 187.10.2.1Repeal

Source excerpt

This section is repealed.

187.10.2.1. (Repealed). 2009, c. 35, s. 23; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.2.1Verify source
§ 187.10.3Section 187.10.3Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.10.3 is repealed.

187.10.3. (Repealed). 2007, c. 42, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 35, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.3Verify source
§ 187.10.4Section 187.10.4Repeal

Source excerpt

This section is repealed.

187.10.4. (Repealed). 2007, c. 42, s. 3; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 35, s. 24, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.4Verify source
§ 187.10.5Section 187.10.5Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 187.10.5 is repealed.

187.10.5. (Repealed). 2008, c. 7, s. 53; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2009, c. 35, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.5Verify source
§ 187.10.6Section 187.10.6Repeal

Source excerpt

187.10.6. (Repealed). 2008, c. 7, s. 53; 2009, c. 35, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.

187.10.6. (Repealed). 2008, c. 7, s. 53; 2009, c. 35, s. 76; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.6Verify source
§ 187.10.7Section 187.10.7Repeal

Source excerpt

This section is repealed.

187.10.7. (Repealed). 2008, c. 7, s. 53; 2012, c. 11, s. 24.
Section 187.10.7Verify source
§ 187.11Section 187.11Provision

Source excerpt

187.11. Subject to the provisions of an Act, the members of an order may carry on their professional activities within an organization constituted mainly for that purpose, regardless of its juridical form, if the following conditions are

187.11. Subject to the provisions of an Act, the members of an order may carry on their professional activities within an organization constituted mainly for that purpose, regardless of its juridical form, if the following conditions are met: (1) they comply with the provisions of this Chapter and, if applicable, the regulation of the Office made under section 12.0.2 where such a regulation determines the terms, conditions and restrictions according to which the professional activities may be carried on within an organization or certain types of organizations; (2) they comply, if applicable, with the provisions of the regulation made by the order’s board of directors under subparagraph p of the first paragraph of section 94 where such a regulation determines the terms, conditions and restrictions according to which the professional activities may be carried on within an organization or certain types of organizations; and (3) they maintain, when the organization in which they practise their profession is a legal person or a limited liability partnership, security to cover professional liability the organization may incur for any fault committed by the members in the practice of their profession that is at least equivalent to the security prescribed by a regulation made under paragraph d of section 93 or, if applicable, in compliance with the greater requirements prescribed by a regulation referred to in paragraph 1 or 2. 2001, c. 34, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2024, c. 31, s. 31.
Section 187.11Verify source
§ 187.11.1Section 187.11.1Provision

Source excerpt

Members must follow the obligations set out in the applicable Code, order statute, or regulations when acting professionally in the organization, and they must ensure the organization allows them to do so.

187.11.1. In the course of their professional activities within an organization referred to in section 187.11, the members comply with the obligations set out in the provisions of this Code, of the Act constituting the order of which they are members, or of the regulations adopted in accordance with this Code or that Act, and they ensure that the organization permits the members to comply with such obligations. 2024, c. 31, s. 32.
Section 187.11.1Verify source
§ 187.12Section 187.12Provision

Source excerpt

Subject to this chapter, a limited liability partnership is governed by the rules for general partnerships in the Civil Code.

187.12. Subject to the provisions of this chapter, a limited liability partnership is governed by the rules concerning general partnerships contained in the Civil Code. 2001, c. 34, s. 9.
Section 187.12Verify source
§ 187.13Section 187.13Provision

Source excerpt

Members of an order who carry on professional activities in a limited liability partnership must include “limited liability partnership” or “L.L.P.” in the partnership name.

187.13. Members of an order carrying on their professional activities within a limited liability partnership must include the expression “limited liability partnership” or the abbreviation “L.L.P.” in the name of the partnership. 2001, c. 34, s. 9.
Section 187.13Verify source
§ 187.14Section 187.14Provision

Source excerpt

A member of an order in a limited liability partnership is not personally liable for certain partnership or other professional obligations arising from the fault of another professional, or that professional’s servant or mandatary, when acting in the course of professional activities within the partnership.

187.14. A member of an order carrying on his or her professional activities within a limited liability partnership is not personally liable for obligations of the partnership or of any other professional arising from fault on the part of the other professional or the other professional’s servant or mandatary in the course of their professional activities within the partnership. 2001, c. 34, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 136.
Section 187.14Verify source
§ 187.15Section 187.15Provision

Source excerpt

Certain partnerships must expressly state the change in a written agreement.

187.15. Two or more members of an order who decide to form a limited liability partnership for the carrying on of their professional activities or who continue a general partnership as a limited liability partnership must so stipulate expressly in a written agreement. Where a partnership ceases to be a limited liability partnership, the change must also be expressly stipulated in a written agreement. 2001, c. 34, s. 9.
Section 187.15Verify source
§ 187.16Section 187.16Provision

Source excerpt

If a general partnership continues as a limited liability partnership, the partnership’s existing rights and obligations transfer to the new partnership, and the former partners remain liable for the general partnership’s obligations.

187.16. Upon continuance of a general partnership as a limited liability partnership, all rights and obligations of the general partnership which were in existence immediately before its continuance are transferred to the limited liability partnership, and all persons who were partners immediately before the continuance remain liable for all obligations of the general partnership, in accordance with article 2221 of the Civil Code. 2001, c. 34, s. 9.
Section 187.16Verify source
§ 187.17Section 187.17Provision

Source excerpt

A member of an order working in a joint-stock company is not personally liable for certain company or other-professional obligations caused by another professional’s fault.

187.17. A member of an order carrying on his or her professional activities within a joint-stock company is not personally liable for obligations of the company or of any other professional arising from fault on the part of the other professional or the other professional’s servant or mandatary in the course of their professional activities within the company. 2001, c. 34, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 136.
Section 187.17Verify source
§ 187.18Section 187.18Provision

Source excerpt

A director, officer, or representative of an organization must not help or induce an order member to break specified professional rules or the order’s governing law.

187.18. No director, officer or representative of an organization may help or, by encouragement, advice or consent, or by an authorization or order, induce a member of an order carrying on his or her professional activities within the organization to contravene a provision of this Code, the Act constituting the order or the regulations made under this Code or that Act. 2001, c. 34, s. 9; 2024, c. 31, s. 33.
Section 187.18Verify source
§ 187.19Section 187.19Provision

Source excerpt

A member of an order may not use an organization’s decisions or acts to justify breaching the Code, the Act constituting the order, or related regulations.

187.19. A member of an order may not invoke decisions or acts of an organization within which the member carries on his or her professional activities to justify a contravention of a provision of this Code, the Act constituting the order or the regulations made under this Code or that Act. 2001, c. 34, s. 9; 2024, c. 31, s. 34.
Section 187.19Verify source
§ 187.20Section 187.20Provision

Source excerpt

Members of an order may carry on professional activities in Québec in certain organizations if the stated conditions are met.

187.20. Members of an order may carry on their professional activities in Québec within an organization constituted under any Act other than an Act of Québec if the conditions set out in section 187.11 are met in respect of the members and if, in the case of a limited liability partnership, the members comply with the provisions of section 187.13 in carrying on their professional activities in Québec. The personal liability of members within such an organization, including the liability relating to the obligations of the organization or of another professional within the organization, shall continue to be governed by the law of Québec for all matters concerning the professional activities they carry on in Québec, as if the organization had been constituted under this Code. 2001, c. 34, s. 9; 2024, c. 31, s. 35.
Section 187.20Verify source
§ 188Section 188Offence

Source excerpt

A person who contravenes this Code, the Act, or specified orders commits an offence and may be fined.

188. Every person who contravenes a provision of this Code, of the Act or letters patent constituting an order or of an amalgamation or integration order is guilty of an offence and is liable to a fine of not less than $2,500 nor more than $62,500 in the case of a natural person and of not less than $5,000 nor more than $125,000 in other cases. In the case of a subsequent offence, the minimum and maximum fines are doubled. 1973, c. 43, s. 182; 1988, c. 29, s. 55; 1990, c. 4, s. 226; 1994, c. 40, s. 166; 1998, c. 14, s. 8; 2007, c. 25, s. 2; 2017, c. 11, s. 86.
Section 188Verify source
§ 188.1Section 188.1Offence

Source excerpt

This section makes it an offence to knowingly misuse professional-order titles, initials, or related expressions.

188.1. Every person is guilty of an offence and is liable, for each offence, to the fine prescribed in section 188 who knowingly (1) without being a member of a professional order, allows himself to be announced or designated by a title, an abbreviation of that title or initials reserved for members of the order, or by a title, an abbreviation or initials that may lead to the belief that he is a member of the order; (2) announces or designates a person who is not a member of a professional order by a title, an abbreviation of that title or initials reserved for members of the order, or by a title, an abbreviation or initials that may lead to the belief that the person is a member of the order; (3) through authorization, advice, an order or encouragement, otherwise than by seeking or obtaining professional services from a person who is not a member of a professional order whose members practise an exclusive profession or engage in a professional activity that is reserved under section 37.1, causes a person who is not a member of the professional order (a) to engage in professional activities reserved for the members of the order; (b) to use a title or an abbreviation of that title reserved for the members of the order, or a title or abbreviation that may lead to the belief that the person is a member of the order; (c) to adopt initials reserved for the members of the order or which may lead to the belief that the person is a member of the order; (4) through authorization, advice, an order or encouragement, otherwise than by seeking or obtaining professional services from a person who is not a member of a professional order whose members practise a reserved profession, causes a person who is not a member of the professional order (a) to use a title or an abbreviation of that title reserved for the members of the order, or a title or abbreviation that may lead to the belief that the person is a member of the order; (b) to adopt initials reserved for the members of the order or which may lead to the belief that the person is a member of the order. Every person is guilty of an offence and is liable, for each offence, to the fine prescribed in section 188 who, without being an order to which this Code applies, uses the expression “professional order” or another expression containing those two words or an expression that may lead to the belief that it refers to an order governed by this Code, and in particular the expression “professional corporation”. 1988, c. 29, s. 56; 1993, c. 38, s. 4; 1994, c. 40, s. 167; 2002, c. 33, s. 6.
Section 188.1Verify source
§ 188.1.1Section 188.1.1Offence

Source excerpt

A person commits an offence if, without being a member of the specified professional order, the person uses protected titles or abbreviations, adds initials to their name, or associates their name with a listed word or expression.

188.1.1. Every person is guilty of an offence and is liable, for each offence, to the fine prescribed in section 188 who, without being a member of a professional order indicated in a regulation made pursuant to section 183.1, uses titles or abbreviations, attributes initials to himself or associates his name with a word or expression appearing on the list established by the said regulation. 1994, c. 40, s. 168.
Section 188.1.1Verify source
§ 188.1.2Section 188.1.2Offence

Source excerpt

A person who knowingly uses or causes the use of certain protected professional titles or similar terms without meeting the membership conditions commits an offence and is liable to the fine set in section 188.

188.1.2. Every person is guilty of an offence and is liable, for each offence, to the fine prescribed in section 188 who knowingly (1) without being a member of a professional order indicated in a regulation made pursuant to section 183.1, allows himself to be announced or designated by a title, an abbreviation, initials, a word or an expression appearing on the list established by the said regulation; (2) announces or designates a person who is not a member of a professional order indicated in a regulation made pursuant to section 183.1 by a title, an abbreviation, initials, a word or an expression appearing on the list established by the said regulation; (3) through authorization, advice, an order or encouragement, otherwise than by seeking or obtaining professional services for a person who is not a member of a professional order, causes a person who is not a member of a professional order indicated in a regulation made pursuant to section 183.1 to use a title or an abbreviation or to attribute initials to himself or to associate his name with a word or expression appearing on the list established by the said regulation. 1994, c. 40, s. 168.
Section 188.1.2Verify source
§ 188.2Section 188.2Offence

Source excerpt

A person commits an offence if they misuse specialist titles, falsely designate someone as a specialist, or knowingly help a non-certificate holder present as a specialist.

188.2. Every person is guilty of an offence and is liable, for each offence, to the fine prescribed in section 188 who (1) is not the holder of a specialist’s certificate and knowingly allows himself to be announced or designated by a specialist’s title or a title which may lead to the belief that he may act as a specialist; (2) knowingly announces or designates a person who is not the holder of a specialist’s certificate by a specialist’s title or a title which may lead to the belief that he may act as a specialist; (3) knowingly leads, by his authorization, advice, order or encouragement, but otherwise than by soliciting or receiving professional services from a person who is not the holder of a specialist’s certificate, a person who is not the holder of such a certificate to (a) use a specialist’s title or a title which may lead to the belief that he is a specialist; (b) act in such a way as to lead to the belief that he is a specialist. 1988, c. 29, s. 56.
Section 188.2Verify source
§ 188.2.1Section 188.2.1Offence

Source excerpt

A person who helps or induces a professional-order member to breach specified ethics provisions commits an offence and may be fined under section 188, with the fine applying each day the breach continues.

188.2.1. Every person who helps or, by encouragement, advice or consent, or by an authorization or order, otherwise than by soliciting or receiving professional services from a member of an order, leads a member of a professional order to contravene section 59.1, 59.1.1, 59.1.2 or 59.2 or a provision of the code of ethics adopted under section 87 is guilty of an offence and is liable, for each day during which the contravention continues, to the fine prescribed in section 188. 2007, c. 25, s. 3; 2013, c. 12, s. 28; 2017, c. 11, s. 87; 2020, c. 28, s. 12.
Section 188.2.1Verify source
§ 188.2.2Section 188.2.2Offence

Source excerpt

A person must not take or threaten reprisals against someone for reporting a professional offence to a syndic or cooperating in a syndic inquiry.

188.2.2. Every person who takes or threatens to take reprisals against a person on the grounds that that person has sent information to a syndic to the effect that a professional has committed an offence referred to in section 116 or that that person has cooperated in an inquiry conducted by a syndic is guilty of an offence and is liable to the fine prescribed in section 188. The demotion, suspension, dismissal or transfer of that person or any other disciplinary measure or measure that adversely affects that person’s employment or conditions of employment are presumed to be reprisals. 2017, c. 11, s. 88.
Section 188.2.2Verify source
§ 188.3Section 188.3Offence

Source excerpt

If a legal person commits certain offences, directors, officers, representatives, attorneys, or employees who authorized, encouraged, ordered, or advised it are also guilty of an offence and liable to the section 188 fine.

188.3. Where a legal person is guilty of an offence under section 188.1, 188.1.2, 188.2, 188.2.1 or 188.2.2, every director, officer, representative, attorney or employee of the legal person who authorized, encouraged, ordered or advised the commission of the offence is guilty of an offence and is liable to the fine prescribed in section 188. 1988, c. 29, s. 56; 1994, c. 40, s. 169; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2007, c. 25, s. 4; 2017, c. 11, s. 89.
Section 188.3Verify source
§ 189Section 189Offence

Source excerpt

A professional order may start penal proceedings for certain unauthorized professional practices and must notify other relevant orders when it does so.

189. A professional order may, on a resolution of its board of directors or executive committee and in accordance with article 10 of the Code of Penal Procedure (chapter C‐25.1), institute penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of the profession that its members are authorized to practise, unlawful engagement in a professional activity reserved to its members in the case of an order referred to in section 39.2, unauthorized use of a title reserved for its members, or, as the case may be, an offence under the Act constituting the order. Penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of a profession that may be practised by the members of an order constituted under an Act, in relation to an act that is part of the practise of that profession, may also be instituted in accordance with the first paragraph by the order whose members are, under that Act or a regulation adopted by the board of directors of the order constituted under it, authorized to perform that act. Penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of a profession that may be practised by the members of an order constituted under an Act, in relation to a professional activity that is part of both the practice of that profession and an activity described in section 37, may also be instituted in accordance with the first paragraph by the order whose members are, pursuant to the said section, authorized to practise that professional activity. Penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of a profession instituted under the second or the third paragraph may be so instituted only against a person who is not a member of a professional order. A professional order that institutes penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of a profession under the second or the third paragraph shall inform every order whose members are, pursuant to their constituting Acts, authorized to practise that profession. 1973, c. 43, s. 183; 1992, c. 61, s. 171; 1994, c. 40, s. 170; 2002, c. 33, s. 7; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 90.
Section 189Verify source
§ 189.0.1Section 189.0.1Offence

Source excerpt

Penal proceedings for certain professional-offence cases are prescribed three years after the prosecutor learns of the offence, and cannot be brought more than seven years after the offence was committed.

189.0.1. Penal proceedings for the unlawful practice of a profession, unlawful engagement in a professional activity reserved to members of an order in the case of an order referred to in section 39.2, or unauthorized use of a title reserved for members of an order are prescribed three years after the date on which the prosecutor becomes aware of the commission of the offence. However, no proceedings may be brought if more than seven years have elapsed since the commission of the offence. A certificate from the secretary of an order attesting the date on which the order became aware of the commission of the offence constitutes, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, sufficient proof of that fact. 2009, c. 35, s. 25; 2017, c. 11, s. 91.
Section 189.0.1Verify source
§ 189.1Section 189.1Offence

Source excerpt

A professional order may start penal proceedings for offences under sections 187.18 or 188.2.1, if its board or executive committee resolves to do so and article 10 of the Code of Penal Procedure is followed.

189.1. A professional order may, on a resolution of its board of directors or executive committee and in accordance with article 10 of the Code of Penal Procedure (chapter C-25.1), institute penal proceedings for an offence under section 187.18 or 188.2.1. The proceedings are prescribed three years after the date on which the prosecutor becomes aware of the commission of the offence. However, no proceedings may be brought if more than seven years have elapsed since the commission of the offence. A certificate from the secretary of an order attesting the date on which the order became aware of the commission of the offence constitutes, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, sufficient proof of that fact. 2001, c. 34, s. 10; 2007, c. 25, s. 5; 2008, c. 11, s. 1; 2017, c. 11, s. 92.
Section 189.1Verify source
§ 190Section 190Offence

Source excerpt

190. The fine imposed for an offence under section 188 belongs to the order, where it has taken charge of the penal proceedings. 1973, c. 43, s. 184; 1992, c. 61, s. 172; 1994, c. 40, s. 171.

190. The fine imposed for an offence under section 188 belongs to the order, where it has taken charge of the penal proceedings. 1973, c. 43, s. 184; 1992, c. 61, s. 172; 1994, c. 40, s. 171.
Section 190Verify source
§ 190.1Section 190.1Provision

Source excerpt

A search on behalf of a professional order is not allowed unless authorized by a warrant.

190.1. No search may be carried out on behalf of a professional order unless authorized by a warrant. Only the secretary of the order, a syndic, an inspector of the professional inspection committee or an investigator charged with investigating cases of unlawful practice or unauthorized use of a title may, if specifically designated by name in each case by the board of directors or the executive committee, apply for a search warrant on behalf of the order. 1994, c. 40, s. 172; 2000, c. 13, s. 46; 2008, c. 11, s. 137.
Section 190.1Verify source
§ 191Section 191Offence

Source excerpt

The Attorney General or the interested order may ask the Superior Court for an interlocutory injunction to stop repeated offences, subject to the stated conditions.

191. If a person repeats the offences contemplated in any of sections 188, 188.1, 188.1.1, 188.1.2, 188.2, 188.2.1 and 188.3, the Attorney General or, following his authorization and upon a resolution of the board of directors or the executive committee of the interested order, the interested order, after penal proceedings have been instituted, may require of the Superior Court an interlocutory injunction enjoining that person or his directors, officers, representatives, attorneys or employees to cease committing the alleged offences until final judgment is pronounced in penal proceedings. After pronouncing such judgment, the Superior Court shall itself render final judgment on the application for an injunction. The Attorney General and the interested order are dispensed from the obligation to give security to obtain an injunction under this section. In all other respects, the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01) respecting injunctions apply. 1973, c. 43, s. 185; 1974, c. 65, s. 30; 1988, c. 29, s. 57; 1994, c. 40, s. 173; 2007, c. 25, s. 6; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 138; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 191Verify source
§ 192Section 192Repeal

Source excerpt

Certain oversight bodies may inspect a professional’s records, require documents and information, and make copies; the professional must allow this on request and cannot refuse on the basis of litigation privilege or professional secrecy for this section.

192. The following may, in the performance of their duties, examine a record kept by a professional, require the production of any document, make a copy of such a record or document, and require any information: (1) a professional inspection committee or a member, inspector or expert of such a committee, or the person responsible for professional inspections appointed under section 90; (2) a syndic, an expert whose services are retained by a syndic and any other person assisting a syndic in the exercise of inquiry functions; (3) a review committee referred to in section 123.3 or a member of such committee; (4) a disciplinary council or a member of such council; (5) the Professions Tribunal or one of its judges; (6) any committee of inquiry established by a board of directors, a member of such a committee or an investigator of the order; (7) an administrator designated by the Government under section 14.5; (8) a person, committee or member of a committee designated by the board of directors for the purposes of any of sections 45 to 45.2, 46.0.1, 48 to 52.1, 55 to 55.2 and 89.1; (9) (subparagraph repealed); For the purposes of this section, the professional shall, on request, allow the examination of such record or document and provide such information, and may not invoke litigation privilege or his obligation to ensure professional secrecy as a reason for refusing to allow it. 1973, c. 43, s. 186; 1974, c. 65, s. 31; 1988, c. 29, s. 58; 1986, c. 95, s. 78; 1994, c. 40, s. 174; 2000, c. 13, s. 47; 2004, c. 15, s. 13; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 139; 2026, c. 8, s. 32.
Section 192Verify source
§ 193Section 193Provision

Source excerpt

Listed professional bodies and office-holders cannot be prosecuted for acts done in good faith while performing their duties or functions.

193. The following persons or bodies cannot be prosecuted by reason of acts engaged in in good faith in the performance of their duties or functions: (1) a professional inspection committee or a member, inspector, expert or the secretary of such committee, or the person responsible for professional inspections appointed under section 90; (2) a syndic, an expert whose services are retained by a syndic and any other person assisting a syndic in the exercise of inquiry functions; (2.1) a professional liability insurance decision-making committee, one of its members, or an expert or other person assisting the committee in the exercise of its functions and powers relating to a notice of loss record concerning a member or former member; (3) a review committee referred to in section 123.3 or a member of such committee; (4) the senior chair, the deputy senior chair, a disciplinary council or a member or the secretary of such council; (5) the Professions Tribunal or a judge thereof; (6) the board of directors, a member of the board of directors, the secretary of the order or the executive director; (7) a committee of inquiry established by a board of directors, a member of such a committee or an investigator of the order; (8) the Office or a member of the Office; (9) an administrator designated by the Government under section 14.5; (10) a person, committee or member of a committee designated by the board of directors for the purposes of any of sections 45 to 45.2, 46.0.1, 48 to 52.1, 55 to 55.2 and 89.1; (11) the Commissioner for Admission to Professions, the employees under the Commissioner’s direction and a person the Commissioner designates under section 16.10.2; (12) a council of arbitration or one of its members. 1973, c. 43, s. 187; 1974, c. 65, s. 32, s. 109; 1988, c. 29, s. 59; 1994, c. 40, s. 175; 2000, c. 13, s. 48; 2004, c. 15, s. 14; 2008, c. 11, s. 1, s. 140; 2013, c. 12, s. 29; 2017, c. 11, s. 93; 2018, c. 23, s. 11; 2024, c. 31, s. 36.
Section 193Verify source
§ 193.1Section 193.1Offence

Source excerpt

A person cannot be prosecuted for, in good faith, reporting information to a syndic about a professional’s offence or for cooperating in a syndic’s inquiry.

193.1. A person cannot be prosecuted for having, in good faith, sent information to a syndic to the effect that a professional has committed an offence or for having cooperated in an inquiry conducted by a syndic, whatever the conclusions of the syndic’s inquiry. 2017, c. 11, s. 94.
Section 193.1Verify source
§ 194Section 194Provision

Source excerpt

Judicial review and injunctions are barred against the section 193 persons or bodies acting in their official capacities, except on a question of jurisdiction.

194. Except on a question of jurisdiction, no application for judicial review under the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01) shall be made and no injunction granted against the persons or bodies mentioned in section 193 acting in their official capacities. 1973, c. 43, s. 188; 1982, c. 16, s. 2; 1994, c. 40, s. 176; 2008, c. 11, s. 141; 2014, c. 1, s. 779; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 194Verify source
§ 195Section 195Provision

Source excerpt

Except for jurisdiction questions, judicial review under the Code of Civil Procedure does not apply to the section 193 persons or bodies when they are acting in their official capacities.

195. Except on a question of jurisdiction, an application for judicial review under the Code of Civil Procedure (chapter C‐25.01) does not apply to the persons or bodies mentioned in section 193 acting in their official capacities. 1973, c. 43, s. 189; 1982, c. 16, s. 3; 1994, c. 40, s. 177; I.N. 2023-01-01.
Section 195Verify source
§ 196Section 196Provision

Source excerpt

A judge of the Court of Appeal may, on application, summarily annul a decision, order, or injunction made contrary to sections 193 and 194.

196. A judge of the Court of Appeal may, on an application, summarily annul any decision, order or injunction made or granted contrary to sections 193 and 194. 1973, c. 43, s. 190; 1979, c. 37, s. 43; I.N. 2016-01-01 (NCCP).
Section 196Verify source
§ 196.1Section 196.1Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 196.1 is repealed.

196.1. (Repealed). 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 142.
Section 196.1Verify source
§ 196.2Section 196.2Provision

Source excerpt

Members of the professional orders must pay a contribution for each fiscal year of the Office.

196.2. The expenditures incurred by the Office in a fiscal year shall be payable by the members of the professional orders. To that effect, for each fiscal year of the Office, the members of the orders shall be required to pay a contribution determined by the Minister, after consulting with the Minister of Finance, the Minister Responsible for Immigration, the Minister of Health and Social Services and the Chair of the Conseil du trésor, as follows. Each fiscal year, the surplus of the Office for the preceding fiscal year shall be added to, or its deficit for the preceding fiscal year shall be deducted from, the expenditures determined by the Office in its budget estimates for the following fiscal year. Any surplus or deficit expected by the Office for a fiscal year may also be taken into account in whole or in part. The resulting amount shall then be divided by the number of members in all the orders on 31 March of the calendar year in progress. The quotient is the amount of the annual contribution of each member. 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 143; 2009, c. 35, s. 26; 2020, c. 5, s. 113.
Section 196.2Verify source
§ 196.3Section 196.3Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 196.3 is repealed.

196.3. (Repealed). 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 144.
Section 196.3Verify source
§ 196.4Section 196.4Provision

Source excerpt

196.4. The Office shall send to each order a written request for remittance of the contribution of each of its members on or before 1 January preceding the fiscal year of the Office in respect of which the contribution is fixed. 1995, c.

196.4. The Office shall send to each order a written request for remittance of the contribution of each of its members on or before 1 January preceding the fiscal year of the Office in respect of which the contribution is fixed. 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 145.
Section 196.4Verify source
§ 196.5Section 196.5Repeal

Source excerpt

Section 196.5 is repealed.

196.5. (Repealed). 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 146.
Section 196.5Verify source
§ 196.6Section 196.6Provision

Source excerpt

Each order must collect the contribution of each person entered on the roll, starting from 1 April after the written remittance request mentioned in section 196.4.

196.6. Each order is required to collect the contribution of each person entered on the roll from 1 April following the date of the written request for remittance referred to in section 196.4. 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 147.
Section 196.6Verify source
§ 196.7Section 196.7Provision

Source excerpt

The order must remit member contributions to the Office by the stated deadlines.

196.7. The order shall remit the contributions of its members to the Office on or before 1 May following the date of the written request for remittance referred to in section 196.4. The contributions collected after that date must be remitted to the Office by the order on or before 31 March of the fiscal year during which they are collected. 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2000, c. 13, s. 49; 2008, c. 11, s. 147.
Section 196.7Verify source
§ 196.8Section 196.8Provision

Source excerpt

Certain persons, groups, departments, and other government bodies must pay a government-regulated charge for requests to the Office or acts the Office must perform.

196.8. Every person or group and every department or other government body shall pay the charge determined by regulation of the Government after consultation with the Office and the Interprofessional Council in respect of any request they submit to the Office or of any act that must be performed by the Office in the exercise of its functions. The charges collected during a fiscal year are taken into account in establishing the contribution computed under section 196.2. 1995, c. 50, s. 9; 2008, c. 11, s. 148.
Section 196.8Verify source
§ 197Section 197Provision

Source excerpt

The provision assigns application of the Code and related professional-order Acts to designated ministers, and separately assigns certain specified divisions and sections to the Minister of Justice and Division V.1 to the responsible minister.

197. The Minister designated for such purpose by the Government is entrusted with the application of this Code and of the Acts constituting the professional orders. However, the Minister of Justice is entrusted with the application of Division VII of Chapter IV and sections 182.1 to 182.8 and 184.2 and the Minister responsible for the administration of the Act respecting Access to documents held by public bodies and the Protection of personal information (chapter A-2.1) is entrusted with the application of Division V.1 of Chapter IV. 1973, c. 43, s. 191; 1974, c. 65, s. 33; 1994, c. 40, s. 178; 2006, c. 22, s. 155; 2013, c. 12, s. 30; 2026, c. 8, s. 33. The Minister of Labour is entrusted with the application of this Code and of the Acts constituting the professional orders. Order in Council 1165-2025 dated 10 September 2025, (2025) 157 G.O. 2 (French), 5419.
Section 197Verify source
§ 198Section 198Provision

Source excerpt

The Minister may grant an annual subsidy to an order, under Government-set conditions, and may convene certain bodies at a time and on terms the Minister fixes.

198. The Minister may, on the conditions and in the manner determined by the Government, annually grant a subsidy to an order, taking into account the number of its members, to enable it to meet all its obligations under this Code. The Minister may also, at the time he considers appropriate and according to the terms and conditions he fixes, convene the Interprofessional Council, the Office and the professional orders in order to assess the operation of the various mechanisms set up pursuant to this Code and, as the case may be, the constituting Acts of the professional orders. 1973, c. 43, s. 267 (part); 1994, c. 40, s. 179.
Section 198Verify source
§ 198.1Section 198.1Provision

Source excerpt

The Minister may authorize pilot projects, set their applicable standards and obligations, and later extend, modify, or terminate them. Pilot projects must align with the Code or the Act constituting an order, and the Office must review them and report to the Minister within six months after they end.

198.1. The Minister may, by order, in particular on the suggestion of the Office, the Interprofessional Council or a professional order, authorize the implementation of a pilot project related to any matter within the scope of this Code, of an Act constituting a professional order or of a regulation made under them with a view to studying or improving in those matters or experimenting, innovating or defining standards applicable to those matters. All pilot projects must be in line with the objectives pursued by this Code or the Act constituting an order. Where the pilot project is on the initiative of the Minister or on the suggestion of the Office, it must be the subject of a consultation with, as the case may be, the Interprofessional Council or the orders specifically concerned. The Minister determines the standards and obligations applicable under a pilot project, which apply despite any inconsistent provision of an Act, of this Code, of the Act constituting an order or of the regulations made under this Code or the said Act. A pilot project is established for a period of up to two years which the Minister may extend by up to one year. The Minister may modify or terminate a pilot project at any time. Within six months after the end of the pilot project, the Office evaluates the pilot project and sends its report and recommendations to the Minister. If the standards and obligations determined for a pilot project authorized in accordance with the first paragraph are incompatible with the standards and obligations determined in accordance with section 86.0.2, the standards and obligations of the former prevail. 1994, c. 40, s. 180; 2008, c. 11, s. 149; 2024, c. 31, s. 37.
Section 198.1Verify source
§ 198.2Section 198.2Provision

Source excerpt

The board of directors of each professional order must report to the Office des professions on implementation of paragraphs q and r of section 94 two years after those paragraphs come into force. If an order did not adopt a regulation under those paragraphs, it must explain why. The Minister must then report to the Government within six months and table that report in the National Assembly within 30 days (or within 30 days after the Assembly resumes).

198.2. At the expiry of a period of two years after the date of coming into force of paragraphs q and r of section 94, the board of directors of each professional order must report to the Office des professions on the implementation of those provisions within the order. The board of directors of an order that did not adopt a regulation under one of those paragraphs must set out the reasons it decided not to do so. The Minister must, at the expiry of a period of not more than six months after the date of expiry set out in the first paragraph, present a report to the Government on the implementation by the orders of the provisions referred to in the first paragraph, together with the reports presented under that paragraph. The Minister must table the report in the National Assembly within the next 30 days or, if the Assembly is not sitting, within 30 days of resumption. 2006, c. 20, s. 6; 2008, c. 11, s. 1.
Section 198.2Verify source
§ 199Section 199Provision

Source excerpt

Section 199 states that it ceased to have effect on 17 April 1987.

199. (This section ceased to have effect on 17 April 1987). 1982, c. 21, s. 1; U. K., 1982, c. 11, Sch. B, Part I, s. 33.
Section 199Verify source
§ ISchedule IProvision

Source excerpt

This schedule lists the professional orders that are constituted by a special Act and those constituted in accordance with the Code.

The following professional orders are constituted by a special Act: (1) the Ordre professionnel des acupuncteurs du Québec; (2) the Ordre professionnel des agronomes du Québec; (3) the Ordre professionnel des architectes du Québec; (4) the Ordre professionnel des arpenteurs-géomètres du Québec; (5) the Ordre professionnel des audioprothésistes du Québec; (6) the Ordre professionnel des avocats du Québec; (7) the Ordre professionnel des chimistes du Québec; (8) the Ordre professionnel des chiropraticiens du Québec; (9) the Ordre professionnel des comptables professionnels agréés du Québec; (10) the Ordre professionnel des dentistes du Québec; (11) the Ordre professionnel des denturologistes du Québec; (12) the Ordre professionnel des géologues du Québec; (13) the Ordre professionnel des huissiers de justice du Québec; (14) the Ordre professionnel des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec; (15) the Ordre professionnel des ingénieurs du Québec; (16) the Ordre professionnel des ingénieurs forestiers du Québec; (17) the Ordre professionnel des médecins du Québec; (18) the Ordre professionnel des médecins vétérinaires du Québec; (19) the Ordre professionnel des notaires du Québec; (20) the Ordre professionnel des opticiens d’ordonnances du Québec; (21) the Ordre professionnel des optométristes du Québec; (22) the Ordre professionnel des pharmaciens du Québec; (23) the Ordre professionnel des podiatres du Québec; (24) the Ordre professionnel des sages-femmes du Québec; and (25) the Ordre professionnel des technologues en imagerie médicale, en radio-oncologie et en électrophysiologie médicale du Québec. The following professional orders are constituted in accordance with this Code: (1) the Ordre professionnel des administrateurs agréés du Québec; (2) the Ordre professionnel des conseillers et conseillères d’orientation du Québec; (3) the Ordre professionnel des conseillers en ressources humaines et en relations industrielles agréés du Québec; (4) the Ordre professionnel des criminologues du Québec; (5) the Ordre professionnel des diététistes-nutritionnistes du Québec; (6) the Ordre professionnel des ergothérapeutes du Québec; (7) the Ordre professionnel des évaluateurs agréés du Québec; (8) the Ordre professionnel des hygiénistes dentaires du Québec; (9) the Ordre professionnel des infirmières et infirmiers auxiliaires du Québec; (10) the Ordre professionnel des inhalothérapeutes du Québec; (11) the Ordre professionnel des orthophonistes et audiologistes du Québec; (12) the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec; (13) the Ordre professionnel des psychoéducateurs et psychoéducatrices du Québec; (14) the Ordre professionnel des psychologues du Québec; (15) the Ordre professionnel des sexologues du Québec; (16) the Ordre professionnel des technologistes médicaux du Québec; (17) the Ordre professionnel des technologues professionnels du Québec; (18) the Ordre professionnel des technologues en prothèses et appareils dentaires du Québec; (19) the Ordre professionnel des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes agréés du Québec; (20) the Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec; and (21) the Ordre professionnel des urbanistes du Québec. 1973, c. 43, Schedule I; 1974, c. 65, s. 40; 1977, c. 5, s. 229; 1987, c. 17, s. 3; 1988, c. 29, s. 60; 1993, c. 38, s. 5; 1994, c. 40, s. 181; 1994, c. 37, s. 18; 1995, c. 41, s. 22; 1999, c. 24, s. 18; 2000, c. 13, s. 50; 2001, c. 12, s. 14; 2009, c. 35, s. 27; 2012, c. 11, s. 25; 2009, c. 28, s. 12; 2012, c. 10, s. 10; 2020, c. 15, s. 22.
Section IVerify source
§ IIOath of discretionProvision

Source excerpt

A person taking this oath must not reveal or disclose anything learned while performing their duties unless authorized by law.

I, A. B., declare under oath that I will not reveal or make known, without being authorized therefor by law, anything whatsoever of which I have taken cognizance in the performance of my duties. 1973, c. 43, Schedule II; 1994, c. 40, s. 182; 1999, c. 40, s. 58; 2008, c. 11, s. 150; 2018, c. 23, s. 12.
Section IIVerify source
§ —ScheduleRepeal

Source excerpt

Chapter 43 of the Statutes of 1973 is repealed, with listed sections excepted, effective when chapter C-26 of the Revised Statutes comes into force.

In accordance with section 17 of the Act respecting the consolidation of the statutes (chapter R-3), chapter 43 of the statutes of 1973, in force on 31 December 1977, is repealed, except sections 192, 193, 195, 196, 199 to 201, 203 to 205, 207 to 209, 211 to 213, 215 to 217, 219 to 221, 223 to 225, 227 to 229, 231 to 233, 235 to 240, 242 to 244, 246 to 264, 266 and 268, effective from the coming into force of chapter C-26 of the Revised Statutes.
ScheduleVerify source

Legislative relationships

4 referenced instruments

Names are derived from the stored provision headings and citation-enrichment layer. Treat this as a research index and verify each relationship against the source text.

A–F

3 instruments

  • Act constituting an order or of the regulations made under this Code

    Section 198.1

  • Civil Code

    Section 187.16

  • Code and related professional-order Act

    Section 197

N–S

1 instrument

  • Revised Statutes comes into force. In accordance with section 17 of the Act

    Section Schedule

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  • 10 Jun 2026 · currentEnglish

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