Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations

Regulations Respecting the Design, Location, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Stationary Bulk Storage Facilities for Flammable Liquids These Regulations may be cited as the Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations. In these Regulations, boil-over is a term used to describe the action that occurs when a hot layer of crude petroleum or similar liquid comes into contact with an underlying layer of a more volatile liquid and causes that liquid to flash into vapour; the expansion produced by the conversion of the entrapped liquid vapour results in a violent surface action; (débordement) crude petroleum is a flammable liquid with a flash point below 150°F and consisting of an unrefined mixture of natural liquid hydrocarbons as obtained from the earth; (pétrole brut) flammable liquid means any liquid with a flash point below 175°F, as determined by Tagliabue’s Open Cup Tester, and having a Reid vapour pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute at 100°F or any liquid with a flash point of 175°F or above when it is heated by artificial means to a temperature not less than its flash point temperature; (liquide inflammable) flame arrestor is a device consisting of a group of parallel metal plates, tubes, fins or screens or a similar device with a large surface area for heat dissipation, which is designed to prevent the entrance of flame into a storage tank through a vent or similar opening; (pare-flammes) flash point is the minimum temperature of a flammable liquid in degrees Fahrenheit, as determined by Tagliabue’s Open Cup Tester in accordance with A.S.T.M. Test Method: D-1310-56T at which its vapours will form a flammable mixture with air; (point éclair) installation means an installation of stationary bulk storage facilities for flammable liquids located on the railway right-of-way; (installation) main track is a track extending through yards and between stations where trains are operated by timetable, train order, block signals, or some other approved method of control; (voie principale) owning or operating company means the person or company owning or operating the installation; (compagnie propriétaire or exploitante) private track is a track outside of the carrier’s right-of-way, yard and terminals reserved exclusively for only one owner or lessee; (voie particulière) shall is used to indicate mandatory provisions; (le futur) should is used to indicate recommendatory; (le conditionnel) station means any location where passenger trains may stop in accordance with the current railway timetable; (gare) team track or business track is a track on railway right-of-way used by more than one company or person; (voie de desserte industrielle or voie commerciale) vapour pressure is the Reid* pressure, measured in pounds per square inch absolute (psia) that is exerted by a volatile liquid at a given temperature. (tension de vapeur) NOTE: Standard Method of Test for Vapour Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method — A.S.T.M. d 323 latest revision.) For the purpose of these Regulations, flammable liquids are divided into three classes: Class I flammable liquids includes all flammable liquids, except crude petroleum, having flash points at or below 80°F; this Class also includes Class II flammable liquids when they are heated by artificial means to temperatures not less than their flash point temperatures; Class II flammable liquids includes all flammable liquids, except crude petroleum, having flash points above 80°F but below 175°F; this Class also includes liquids with flash points of 175°F or above when they are heated by artificial means to temperatures not less than their flash point temperatures; Class III flammable liquids includes crude petroleum and any other flammable liquid with similar boil-over characteristics having a flash point below 150°F; and flammable liquids with a Reid vapour pressure of 40 psi or greater at 100°F are classed as compressed gases. These Regulations apply to the stationary bulk storage facilities for flammable liquids located on the right-of-way owned or leased by any railway company subject to the jurisdiction of the Canadian Transport Commission; facilities previously approved by an order of the Commission shall be operated and maintained in accordance with these Regulations and, unless otherwise ordered by the Commission, need not conform to those parts of these Regulations pertaining to location, construction and design. These Regulations do not apply to a “company”, as defined in section 2 of the National Energy Board Act. This Part does not apply to installations with a total storage capacity not exceeding 3,000 Imperial gallons, if they are located, designed, constructed, operated and maintained in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations. Except as provided in section 5, no installation or part thereof shall be constructed until the Commission has authorized such construction by an order. However, where the proposed installation complies with the provisions of these Regulations, approval of the Commission need not be obtained before construction is undertaken but shall be obtained before commencing operations. An application to construct an installation shall be submitted through the railway company concerned to the Secretary of the Commission. Applications shall be accompanied by four copies of all drawings, prepared in compliance with the requirements of sections 8 to 13. The plan shall be drawn to a minimum scale of one inch to 50 feet and the section to a minimum scale of one inch to 20 feet. All drawings shall be dated, bear an identification number and the name of the applicant. The drawings shall be signed by the Chief Engineer or other official of the applicant company responsible for their preparation. The plan shall show the location of the following: any loading or unloading rack or point in relation to the gauge side of the nearest rail of the loading or unloading track, schools, stations, residential areas, hospitals and other similar places of public assembly within 150 feet of the said loading or unloading rack or point, all engine houses, railway shops, grain elevators and other similar buildings within 75 feet of the said loading or unloading rack or point; the centre line of the loading or unloading track in relation to the gauge side of the nearest rail of main track, and the gauge side of the nearest rail of any adjacent track closer than the main track; the storage tanks in relation to other storage tanks, pumphouses, warehouses, loading or unloading racks or points, and other structures on the site, the line of adjoining property, the gauge side of nearest rail of closest track, the gauge side of nearest rail of main track, stations, schools, residential buildings, hospitals and other similar buildings of public assembly within the distances prescribed in Table III of Schedule I for such buildings; if none of these buildings is located within the restricted area, a statement to this effect will suffice, and all engine houses, railway shops, grain elevators or other similar buildings within the distances prescribed in Table III of Schedule I for such buildings; if none of these buildings is located within the restricted area, a statement to this effect will suffice. The section shall show the elevation of the installation in relation to the loading, unloading, and main track within 200 feet of the nearest tank on the said installation. A second section shall be submitted where it is necessary to show the direction of drainage from the site; or to give a clear picture of major features of the installation. The drawing shall show the location of the railway right-of-way, property fences, dikes, pipelines under roadways or railways, sewers, ditches, watercourses and other similar structures that are located on the installation site. The notes or legend on the drawing shall include the following information: evidence that the Provincial Fire Marshal or other local fire authority having jurisdiction in the surrounding area has no objection to the proposed installation; this evidence may take the form of a plan signature by the authority concerned or of a letter addressed to the owning or operating company by such authority; a statement that the design and construction of the storage tanks will be in accordance with the requirements of subsection 21(1); size, contents and capacity in Imperial gallons of all storage tanks; type, size and construction of pumphouse, warehouse and any other building or enclosure on the installation site; type and size of motive power to be used for pumping equipment; type and size of heating unit if warehouse, office building, or any other enclosure is heated; indicate whether the track or tracks serving the installation are team tracks or private tracks; and location of installation by reference to the railway, subdivision, mileage and nearest town or city. Where the Commission has approved, by Order pursuant to section 6, the construction of an installation or part thereof, a copy of each drawing referred to in subsection 7(2) shall be kept by the railway company for the life of the installation and retained for at least two years thereafter. The minimum distances from the loading or unloading track to the main track shall be as designated in Table I of Schedule I. Such distances shall be measured from the centre line of the loading or unloading track at the loading or unloading point to the gauge side of the nearest rail of the main track. Except as provided in subsection (2), the minimum distances from the centre line of the loading or unloading rack or terminal to the nearest point of a building or property line, shall be as designated in Table I of Schedule I. Notwithstanding subsection (1), the distance between a loading or unloading rack or terminal and any storage tank, building or any other similar structure located on the installation site and used exclusively by the owning or operating company shall not be less than 10 feet; and the minimum distance between a loading or unloading rack or terminal and any building on another installation subject to these Regulations with which it has a common property line shall be waived if the location of the rack or terminal with respect to the common property line complies with the distance requirements of subsection (1). The distance between the track side of a loading or unloading rack or terminal and the gauge side of the nearest rail of any track shall not be less than designated in Table II of Schedule I. Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3), the minimum distances from the nearest point on a storage tank shell to any track, structure or property line shall be as designated in Table III of Schedule I. Notwithstanding subsection (1) but subject to subsection (4), the distance between storage tanks and other structures located on the installation site and used exclusively by the owning or operating company shall not be less than 10 feet. Notwithstanding subsection (1), the requirement for minimum distances between a storage tank and any building on another installation subject to these Regulations with which it has a common property line shall be waived, if the location of the storage tank complies with the distance requirements of Table III of Schedule I with respect to the common property line. Notwithstanding subsections (2) and (3), the distance between an above ground storage tank with a capacity of 500 Imperial gallons or less and any building on the installation site which is used exclusively by the company owning or operating the installation shall not be less than one foot, and a distance of not less than five feet shall be maintained between any building opening and the discharge end of storage tank vent pipes and fill pipe openings. It is recommended that the distance of any flammable liquid storage tank from the right-of-way boundary of a provincial highway should not be less than the distance prescribed in Table III of Schedule I for a main track and in no case shall this distance be less than that prescribed by the authorities of the province concerned for installations subject to their jurisdiction. In no case shall a flammable liquid storage tank be located less than 20 feet from any track. Except as provided in subsection (8), no storage tanks containing flammable liquids shall be installed inside or under buildings or on ground that cannot be diked if dikes are required. Class II flammable liquid storage tanks not exceeding an aggregate capacity of 500 Imperial gallons may be installed in or under buildings. The distance of a storage tank from the fence surrounding the installation shall not be less than five feet. Except as provided in subsection (12), flammable liquid storage tanks each with a capacity of 50,000 Imperial gallons or less shall be separated by not less than three feet. Except as provided in subsection (12), a flammable liquid storage tank with a capacity exceeding 50,000 Imperial gallons shall be separated from any smaller tank by not less than one-half the diameter of such smaller tank. Notwithstanding subsections (10) and (11), the clear distance between crude petroleum storage tanks, or a crude petroleum storage tank and any other flammable liquid storage tank shall not be less than the diameter of the smaller storage tank, when the capacity of the adjacent tank is more than 50,000 Imperial gallons; or one-half the diameter of the smaller storage tank, when the capacity of each tank is 50,000 Imperial gallons or less. The clear distance between a storage tank containing a flammable liquid and a storage tank containing a liquefied petroleum gas or other dangerous commodity shall not be less than 20 feet, except that installations with a storage capacity exceeding 150,000 Imperial gallons shall be located not less than 100 feet from the nearest tank containing a liquefied petroleum gas or other dangerous commodity. No dike enclosing flammable liquid storage tanks shall include a tank containing a liquefied petroleum gas or other dangerous commodity. The distance between any flammable liquid storage tank and the centre line of a dike wall shall not be less than 10 feet. An outside storage area containing 50 filled drums or less of flammable liquids shall be located not less than 10 feet from the line of any property that has been or may be built upon. An outside storage area containing more than 50, but not more than 100, filled drums of flammable liquids shall be located not less than 25 feet from the line of any property that has been or may be built upon. An outside storage area containing more than 100 filled drums of flammable liquids shall be located not less than 50 feet from the line of any property that has been or may be built upon. The distance between an outside drum storage area containing more than 10 filled drums and a storage tank, building or any other similar structure on the installation site, used exclusively by the owning or operating company, shall not be less than 10 feet. Except as provided in subsection 42(6), flammable liquid drums not exceeding an aggregate capacity of 500 Imperial gallons may be stored in warehouses or other suitable buildings on the installation site. All pumphouses and outdoor pumps that are driven by non-explosion proof motors or internal combustion engines shall be located not less than 10 feet from any storage tank, loading or unloading rack or terminal, building or any other enclosure. Except as provided in subsections (3) and (4), outdoor pumps driven by motors marked or labelled Class I, Division I, Group D, and wired in accordance with the Canadian Electrical Code for Class I, Division I, Group D, hazardous locations may be located anywhere on the installation site. The installation of pumps or motors under a storage tank or in a warehouse or other building where flammable liquids are stored or handled or in buildings attached thereto is prohibited. The distances of a pumphouse or an outdoor pump used for Class I flammable liquids from a refuse burner, furnace, forge, welding operation or similar source of ignition shall not be less than 50 feet and when practicable, such distance should be greater than 50 feet. Petroleum refineries and similar processing plants, except storage tanks and tank car transfer facilities of such plants, shall be located not less than 250 feet from a main track. Notwithstanding any provision in this Part, where the distance requirements prescribed therein cannot be met, the Commission may, at the request of an applicant, approve lesser distances if the Commission is satisfied that the approval of the lesser distances will not affect the overall safety of an installation. Vertical above ground storage tanks shall be installed on non-combustible foundations of strength adequate to permanently support the tank in a true vertical position. The bottom of the tank shall be suitably protected against corrosion. Horizontal above ground storage tanks shall be installed on non-combustible foundations of strength adequate to permanently support the tank in a true horizontal position. Steel foundations exceeding 18 inches in height at the lowest point for above ground storage tanks with a capacity in excess of 3,000 Imperial gallons shall be made fireproof with a material that has a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. Below ground storage tanks shall be set on a firm foundation surrounded with soft earth or sand well tamped in place. Ashes or any other corrosive material shall not be used to cover storage tanks. Except as provided in subsection (6) and in subsection (7), underground storage tanks shall be covered with a minimum of two feet of earth or with not less than one foot of earth, on top of which shall be placed a slab of reinforced concrete not less than four inches in thickness. If below ground storage tanks may be subjected to vehicular traffic, they shall be protected against damage with at least three feet of earth cover or 18 inches of well tamped earth plus either six inches of reinforced concrete or eight inches of asphaltic concrete that shall extend at least 12 inches horizontally beyond the storage tank extremities in all directions. Notwithstanding subsection (5), below ground storage tanks that are not entirely buried shall be covered with earth to a minimum depth of two feet with a slope on all sides not less than 1 1/2 feet horizontally to one foot vertically. Storage tanks shall be designed, constructed, tested and inspected in accordance with the Standards of the National Fire Protection Association, (Pamphlet 30, May 1962 issue and amendments thereto) and the appropriate API or A.S.M.E. code unless the requirements of the provincial government having jurisdiction in the surrounding area are of a higher standard than those of the N.F.P.A., in which case, the more stringent requirements shall apply. A copy of both the storage tank test and the inspection report or other evidence of compliance with the applicable code shall be kept on file by the owning or operating company for examination when requested by the Commission. Welding to any part of a storage tank shall be in accordance with the code under which the storage tank was fabricated. Welding shall not be permitted until the tank has been completely emptied and thoroughly purged. The storage of flammable liquids in open top storage tanks is prohibited. Each storage tank shall be permanently stamped or labelled as required by the code under which the storage tank was manufactured, and in accordance with the regulations of the provincial government concerned. If the ground resistance of a storage tank exceeding 3,000 Imperial gallons is greater than 15 ohms, ground rods or other grounding devices shall be used. All flammable liquid storage tanks shall be equipped with vent pipes or devices sized to keep the internal pressure or vacuum within the design limits of the tank. Except as provided in subsection (3), all vents on storage tanks containing Class I flammable liquids shall be equipped with corrosion resistant flame arrestors or breather valves or venting devices that normally remain closed. Notwithstanding subsection (2), open vents may be installed on a storage tank containing a Class I flammable liquid if the capacity does not exceed 3,000 Imperial gallons. All above ground storage tanks shall be provided with a means of emergency pressure relief. In a vertical storage tank, this may take the form of a weak seam or joint on the top of the tank or between the head and the shell of the storage tank. The total venting capacity of both normal and emergency vents shall be sufficient to prevent violent rupture of the storage tank when exposed to fire. Gauge hatch covers shall be fitted with a spark resistant material. The lower end of the vent pipe on all storage tanks shall not extend more than one inch through the top of the storage tank and shall be installed so that the pipe will drain into the storage tank without traps or bends in which liquid can collect. The discharge point of all storage tank vent pipes shall be located outside buildings so that flammable vapours will not enter building openings, or be trapped under eaves or other obstructions, or be exposed to a source of ignition. For Class I flammable liquids, the point of discharge of a vent pipe on a below ground storage tank shall be higher than the fill pipe opening, shall discharge upwards, and shall be at least 12 feet above adjacent ground level. The discharge point of vent pipes on Class II below ground flammable liquid storage tanks shall be located above the highest recorded snow level. The vent pipes may be fitted with return bends, coarse screens or other devices to minimize the ingress of foreign material. Storage tanks equipped with heating coils, jackets or other heating devices shall be equipped with thermometers and suitable temperature regulators to ensure that the temperature of the contents is maintained within safe limits. All pipe connections to below ground storage tanks shall be made through the top of the storage tank above the liquid level, and shall be graded toward the storage tank. Storage tank shells shall be properly reinforced where pipe connections enter the tank. All storage tank shells shall be protected against corrosion by a suitable corrosion resistant coating. It is recommended that the final coat of paint on an above ground storage tank be a white enamel, a self cleansing white paint, or other heat reflective material. Below ground storage tanks shall be securely anchored or weighted when floating or moving of the tank due to changes in ground water level is likely to be encountered. A storage tank shall not be subjected to a pressure in excess of its maximum working pressure. Removal of the tank contents by the use of air pressure is prohibited. A pressure not exceeding five pounds per square inch may be used to detect leaks. Flammable liquid pumps shall be of a type suitable for the liquid being transferred and shall be designed to the maximum working pressure to which they will be subjected in service. Piping systems for flammable liquids shall be designed for the maximum working pressure to which they will be subjected in service, and shall be fabricated of a material compatible with the flammable liquid being handled. Shut-off valves and pipe fittings installed on storage tanks, and the main shut-off valves and pipe fittings installed on loading or unloading racks or terminals shall be fabricated of steel. Welded joints or welding flanges are recommended for storage tank connections exceeding a nominal diameter of two inches. Welding shall only be done by a qualified welder and in accordance with the provisions of Canadian Standards Association Pamphlet W-117-1952 and amendments thereto. All piping, valves and fittings shall be tested after installation and before operations begin at a pressure 50 per cent in excess of the maximum working pressure, but in no case less than 5 psig and that pressure shall be maintained for a period of not less than 30 minutes. Pipe wall thickness shall be in accordance with the American Standards Association Code for Pressure Piping and amendments thereto. All piping and fittings both above or below ground, if subject to external corrosion, shall be suitably protected by paint or other corrosion resistant coating. On installations where more than one class or type of flammable liquid is handled, all exposed piping or valves shall be identified by coloured markings or by durable tags to indicate the type of flammable liquids being carried. Flammable liquid piping systems shall contain a sufficient number of valves, properly installed, to protect the storage plant in the event of an emergency and to control the flow of liquid in normal operation. Pipelines used for loading or unloading tank cars shall be equipped with shut-off valves both at the loading or unloading connections and at the storage tanks. Pipelines used for transferring flammable liquids from tank cars or tank trucks into above ground storage tanks shall be equipped with suitable check valves or fittings to prevent accidental back flow of the flammable liquid from the storage tanks. Shut-off valves located below liquid level on above ground storage tanks shall be located as close as possible to the storage tank shell. All gauges and accessory equipment shall be of a material that is compatible that the flammable liquid being handled under the service conditions to which they may be subjected. All materials such as joint compounds, gaskets, valve seats and packing shall be compatible with the flammable liquids being handled under the service conditions to which they may be subjected. Piping shall be carried on permanent supports of steel or concrete. Supports for pipelines more than four feet above ground shall be supported on footings that extend below the frost line or rest on bedrock. Pipelines exposed to damage by vehicular traffic shall be protected by guard rails or curbs of concrete or metal. Provision shall be made in pipelines for expansion, contraction, jarring, vibration and settling. Steel supports for pipelines carrying Class I flammable liquids and more than four feet above ground should be made fireproof with a material that has a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. Valves on loading or unloading pipe terminals located below ground level and within 20 feet of a track shall be enclosed by suitable valve boxes the tops of which shall not extend above ground level and shall be located not less than six feet from the gauge side of the nearest rail of the loading or unloading track. Valve boxes shall be suitably covered and locked when not in use. Above ground loading or unloading terminals or stubs that are located within 10 feet of the nearest rail of a track and extend less than three feet above ground level shall be protected on all sides by a substantial guard rail of metal or other material of equivalent strength and permanence. The top rail of such guard rails shall be not less than three feet and not more than four feet above ground level. Pipelines running parallel to a track, except those between adjacent loading or unloading racks, shall not be closer than 10 feet to the gauge side of the nearest rail of that track and shall comply with subsection (2). Except as provided in section 38, pipelines on the railway right-of-way and within 20 feet of a track, except pipelines between adjacent loading or unloading racks, shall be laid not less than three feet below ground, or be enclosed in a reinforced concrete or steel trench with a recessed removable cover flush with the ground, or be carried on an overhead pipe bridge with a clearance above ground of not less than 13 feet, or be enclosed by a suitable chain link or similar fence. Notwithstanding subsection 37(2), pipelines under railway tracks shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of Pipe Crossing Under Railways (No. E-10) Regulations. Notwithstanding subsection 37(2), pipelines under roadways on railway right-of-way shall be enclosed in an encasing pipe or be embedded in solid reinforced concrete with a minimum thickness not less than one-half the nominal pipe diameter. The top of the encasing pipe or enclosure shall be at least three feet below the surface of the roadway and shall be capable of supporting all overhead traffic. If the ground resistance of a Class I flammable liquid piping system exceeds 15 ohms, ground rods or other grounding devices shall be used. All grounded pipelines for Class I flammable liquids shall be bonded at the joints with one No. 4 or two No. 6 A.W.G. electrical connections if flow to ground is interrupted by a gasket, joint compound or other non-conductive barrier. Hose and hose connections shall be fabricated of materials suitable for the flammable liquids being handled. Hose connections shall be constructed of spark resistant materials. Hose and hose connections shall be designed to have a minimum bursting pressure of not less than five times the maximum working pressure to which they may be subjected and shall provide electrical continuity. The hose, as assembled for use, shall be tested for leaks at twice the maximum working pressure before being put in service and should be tested annually thereafter at 1 1/2 times the working pressure and visually inspected once a month. Stationary internal combustion engines or non-explosion proof motors should not be used for the operation of Class I flammable liquid pumps. However, when the use of such engines or motors is necessary, they shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this section. Internal combustion engines or non-explosion proof motors, if housed, shall be isolated from the pump by a non-combustible and vapour-proof wall. Where shafts pierce the dividing wall, vapour-proof packing glands shall be installed. The spark plugs and ignition system of an internal combustion engine shall be shielded and the engine shall be equipped with a spark arrestor muffler. The engine exhaust shall terminate outside the building. The fuel storage tank for an internal combustion engine shall be located outside the building. The air intake to the carburetor of an internal combustion engine shall be located at least 18 inches above the pumphouse floor. The entire system of an internal combustion engine or of a non-explosion proof motor shall be maintained in good operating condition at all times. The main control switch for a non-explosion proof electric motor or the fuel shut-off valve or spark grounding device for an internal combustion engine shall be so located that the motor or engine may be stopped quickly in an emergency. Except as provided in subsection (2), a warehouse, pumphouse, or other similar building used for storing or handling flammable liquids and structures attached thereto shall be constructed of non-combustible materials and unless otherwise authorized by the Commission shall not be more than one storey in height. Notwithstanding subsection (1), buildings with a floor area not exceeding 2,000 square feet may have a wooden frame. The roof structure may be constructed of any material, provided it has a fire resistance rating of at least two hours. The exposed wall of a building used for storing or handling flammable liquids, if located less than 10 feet from any property line which has been or may be built upon, shall be of blank masonry construction with a fire resistance rating of at least four hours. Below ground rooms, basements or pits are prohibited under any building that contains flammable liquids or is located within 50 feet of a Class I flammable liquid storage tank exceeding 1,500 Imperial gallons capacity. Warehouses, pumphouses and all other enclosures where flammable liquids are stored or handled shall be adequately ventilated with permanently open louvers located near floor level. It is recommended that the louvered ventilation area be at least one square foot per 50 square feet of floor space and be equally divided between opposite walls. If natural ventilation is not effective, then mechanical ventilation should be provided. Containers or drums used for the storage or measuring of flammable liquids, whether filled, partly filled or empty, shall not be stored in the pumphouse. If it is necessary to heat warehouses or any other building or enclosure where flammable liquids are stored or handled, the heat shall be supplied by low pressure steam, hot water, or other enclosed heat transfer media, and the heating source shall be located as prescribed in subsections (8) and (9). Except as provided in subsection (9), a building housing any heat source shall be constructed as prescribed in this section and shall be located not less than 10 feet and as much more as is practicable, from any storage tank, loading or unloading rack or terminal or any building or enclosure containing flammable liquids. An office attached to a warehouse or other building where flammable liquids are stored or handled may be heated by Class I, Division I, Group D electric heaters if the office is separated from the warehouse or other building by a blank wall with a fire resistance rating of at least two hours. During loading and unloading operations, the tank car shall be protected on the connected end or ends of the siding by a sign of metal or other suitable material 12 inches by 15 inches in size and reading “STOP — TANK CAR CONNECTED”. The word “STOP” shall be in letters at least four inches high and the other words in letters at least two inches high. The letters shall be white on a blue background. The “STOP — TANK CAR CONNECTED” sign shall be placed on the tank car, or the loading or unloading track by the party responsible for the loading or unloading operations in such a manner that will ensure its visibility to the crew of an engine approaching the tank car on the same track. During loading or unloading operations, the party responsible shall keep the hand brakes applied and shall block the wheels at both ends to prevent any movement of the tank car. Tank cars shall be disconnected from pipelines or hose lines immediately after the completion or suspension of loading or unloading operations. At least one experienced operator supplied by the party responsible for the loading or unloading operations shall be in attendance on the installation site and shall be responsible for the safety of the transfer operations during the entire period that the tank car is connected to the loading or unloading racks or terminals. Loading or unloading operations shall be carried out in daylight only unless adequate permanent lighting installed in accordance with section 54 is used. Except as provided in Schedule II, the direct transfer of Class I flammable liquids between tank cars and tank trucks or drums is prohibited on carrier’s right-of-way. All tracks, racks, terminals and piping systems used for loading or unloading Class I flammable liquids and crude petroleum shall be grounded and bonded in accordance with the requirements of the Electric Sparks Prevention Regulations. Loading or unloading racks shall be constructed of metal, concrete or other material of equivalent permanence, strength and fire resistance. When the carrier’s track is a team or business track, it is recommended, when practicable, that Class I flammable liquid tank cars be protected during loading or unloading operations by a locked derail or switch located at least one car length from the tank car on the connected end or ends of such team or business track. The loading or unloading of Class I flammable liquids from the bottom outlet of a tank car located on a team or business track is not permitted unless specifically requested by the applicant and approved by the Commission. Bottom unloading is prohibited less than 25 feet from the main track. The procedure for loading or unloading tank cars as detailed in section 74.561 of the Regulations for the Transportation of Dangerous Commodities by Rail shall be followed. The installation site shall be free of debris or other combustible material, and grass and weed growth shall not be permitted to exceed six inches. No combustible or dangerous commodities other than those sanctioned by the approving order shall be stored on the installation site. Defective piping, valves or fittings shall be repaired or replaced immediately. Smoking and the use of portable open flame lights or equipment is prohibited, except in isolated, clearly designated safe areas. Signs to this effect shall be posted at plant entrances, storage tanks, loading and unloading sites. Welding is prohibited within 100 feet of a Class I flammable liquid or a crude petroleum loading or unloading site while loading or unloading operations are in progress. At other times, welding may be permitted only under close supervision and in accordance with the provisions of Canadian Standards Association Pamphlet W-117-1952 or subsequent edition. Dry powder, carbon dioxide, or other fire extinguishers suitable for small flammable liquid fires shall be readily available on the premises of every flammable liquid installation. Extinguishers subject to freezing shall be adequately protected. At least one fire extinguisher should be maintained on the outside premises. It is recommended that all flammable liquid installations be protected by at least one standard fire hydrant so located that a 2 1/2-inch hose stream may be used for controlling a fire on the site, or for cooling storage tanks in case of adjacent fires. Consultation with the local fire authority is recommended. Except as provided in section 17, all electrical equipment and facilities located out-of-doors within 25 feet of a storage tank, loading, unloading rack or terminal, pump or pumphouse used for Class I flammable liquids or crude petroleum shall comply with the requirements of the Canadian Electrical Code for Class I, Division II, Group D hazardous locations. Except as provided in section 41, all electrical equipment and facilities located inside a pumphouse, warehouse or other building where any flammable liquid is dispensed, processed or otherwise exposed to evaporation, leakage or spillage, or where Class I flammable liquids are stored or handled shall comply with the requirements of the Canadian Electrical Code for Class I, Division I, Group D hazardous locations. All electrical equipment and facilities used in environments where explosion proof equipment and facilities are prescribed in this section shall be approved for Class I, Division I, Group D hazardous locations and shall be so marked or labelled by the manufacturer. It is recommended that every flammable liquid bulk storage installation be completely enclosed within a steel mesh fence not less than five feet in height. The mesh shall be made from steel wire of not less than 0.10 inch diameter. The mesh openings shall not be greater than six inches. The fence should be provided with at least two gates. Each gate shall be equipped with a lock. If the installation is not fenced, then all storage tank shut-off valves shall be locked in the fully closed position when the plant is unattended. (Valves shall not be locked in an open position). Stairs, platforms and walkways should be constructed of metal, concrete or some other non-combustible material. Storage tanks installed on ground which drains toward railway tracks, rights-of-way, adjacent waters, sewers, or congested areas shall be protected by suitable dikes. Storage tanks containing crude petroleum shall be diked where railway or adjacent private property would be exposed in the event of a boil-over of the liquid. Dikes for Class I or Class II liquids shall have a net capacity not less than the capacity of the largest storage tank plus 10 per cent of the aggregate capacity of all other storage tanks in the diked area. Dikes for crude petroleum shall have a net capacity not less than the capacity of all the storage tanks in the diked area. The dikes shall be provided with flareback sections at the top of the dike designed to turn back a boil-over wave. These flareback sections shall not be required for dikes enclosing approved floating roof storage tanks, or when storage tanks are provided with approved attached extinguishing systems. No dike enclosing crude petroleum storage tanks shall include storage tanks containing Class I or Class II flammable liquids. Provision may be made for draining water from diked areas if the area where the piping passes through the dikes is protected from seepage by flanges or other suitable means. The drainage of dikes, tanks, pipelines, etc. containing flammable liquids or flammable liquid residues into lakes, streams, storm sewers or sanitary sewers is prohibited. In the spring of each year after the ground has completely thawed, the owning or operating company shall test for leakage by subjecting all marine dock pipelines on carrier’s property to a pressure test of 50 per cent in excess of the maximum working pressure. The results of the last annual leakage test shall be retained on file by the owning or operating company for examination when requested by an inspector of the Commission. During pumping operations, all marine dock pipelines shall be inspected by the owning or operating company at regular intervals. No electric lines other than those serving the installation shall cross over the installation. These lines shall not be constructed over tanks and shall be restricted to non-hazardous areas. Open manholes of any above ground or underground flammable liquid storage tank shall not be used for filling purposes. Each above ground storage tank should have painted conspicuously upon its shell or upon a sign board suspended from the shell in letters at least six inches high the common name of the product and the words “Flammable — Keep Flame Away”. On application, the Railway Transport Committee may approve means of identification other than that prescribed by subsection (1). All flammable liquid bulk storage installations are subject to inspection at any time by any authorized officer of the Commission. The owning or operating company shall report immediately by wire to the railway company concerned and to the Director of Operation, Canadian Transport Commission, Ottawa, every fire, explosion, pipeline rupture or storage tank failure occurring on the installation, followed by a detailed report to the Commission within 30 days. Violations of any of the provisions of these Regulations are subject to such penalty as may be provided in the Railway Act. For additional information, the following publications are suggested: Flammable Liquid Pamphlets Nos. 30, 30E, 325 and 325A published by the National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston 10, Massachusetts; N.F.P.A. Handbook of Fire Protection published by the National Fire Protection Association, 60 Batterymarch Street, Boston 10, Massachusetts; publications Nos. RP 2000, RP 2003 and 620 published by the American Petroleum Institute, 50 West 50th Street, New York 20, N.Y.; pamphlets Nos. 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D and 12F published by the American Petroleum Institute, Dallas 1, Texas; Handbook of Industrial Loss Prevention published by McGraw Hill Book Company Incorporated, 253 Spadina Road, Toronto, Ontario; Recommended Good Practice for Safeguarding Flammable Liquids Storage and Processing, published by the Factory Insurance Association; and National Safety Council Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, fourth edition, published by the National Safety Council, 425 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago 11, Illinois. Not less than 25 feet for bottom unloading. That portion of a rack or structure more than 4 feet above the top of the rail Except as provided in (c), that porition of a rack or structure 4 feet or less above the top of the rail Loading, unloading racks or terminals of an overall height of 4 feet or less above the top of the rail Except in Newfoundland where the distance shall be 3 feet 10 inches. Class I Class II} Class III The transfer of a Class I flammable liquid between a tank car located on the right-of-way of a railway subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission and any vessel other than a permanently installed storage tank of sufficient capacity to receive the entire contents of the tank car is prohibited by sections 73.432 and 74.560 of the Regulations for the Transportation of Dangerous Commodities by Rail and section 45 of these Regulations. However, it is recognized that under certain circumstances temporary relief from compliance with these requirements is in the public interest and may be granted without jeopardizing the safety standards. The prerequisites for obtaining permission to transfer a Class I flammable liquid between a tank car and a vessel other than a permanently installed storage tank are as follows: except as provided in paragraphs (b) to (d), the direct transfer of a Class I flammable liquid between a tank car and a vessel other than a permanently installed storage tank shall comply in all respects with the requirements of these Regulations; the requirements of Part III of these Regulations pertaining to storage tanks are waived; notwithstanding the distance requirements of Part II of these Regulations, the distance between the transfer connection of a tank car and a building or place shall not be less than the following: a building or a place of public assembly or a residence, 300 feet, and a storage warehouse, a grain elevator, or any building other than those mentioned in subparagraph (i), 150 feet; notwithstanding the application requirements of Part I of these Regulations, drawings need not accompany applications requesting approval for periods which do not exceed six months if, in addition to providing the information requested in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this Schedule, the following information is also provided: the location of the proposed transfer operation with respect to railway, town, mileage and subdivision, evidence that the fire prevention authority with jurisdiction in the surrounding area has no objection to the proposal, and the application shall bear a signed and dated statement reading as follows: “This proposal complies in all respects with the conditions of approval prescribed in Schedule II of the Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations”; the applicant shall satisfy the Commission that it is not practical or reasonable to erect permanent transfer facilities and storage tanks under the prevailing circumstances, and that granting relief from compliance with the requirements of the Regulations for the Transportation of Dangerous Commodities by Rail will not create a condition of unfair competition during the period of approval with respect to the permanent storage facilities approved by the Commission and located in the same general area; and cargo tanks, drums or other vessels, which are used in the direct transfer of a Class I flammable liquid to or from a tank car, shall meet all provincial and local requirements with respect to their registration, design, construction, operation, etc.