Motor Vehicle Safety Act

An Act to regulate the manufacture and importation of motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment to reduce the risk of death, injury and damage to property and the environment Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: Short title This Act may be cited as the Motor Vehicle Safety Act. Definitions In this Act, company means a person who is engaged in the business of manufacturing vehicles or equipment in Canada, who is engaged in the business of selling to other persons, for the purpose of resale by those persons, vehicles or equipment obtained directly from a person described in paragraph (a) or the agent of such a person, or who imports a vehicle or article of equipment into Canada for the purpose of sale; (entreprise) equipment means any equipment set out in Schedule I that is designed for use in or on a vehicle; (équipement) inspector means a person designated as an automotive inspector pursuant to section 14; (inspecteur) manufacture, in relation to a vehicle, includes any process of assembling or altering the vehicle prior to its sale to the first retail purchaser; (fabrication ou construction) Minister means the Minister of Transport; (ministre) national safety mark means a prescribed expression, symbol or abbreviation or any combination of them; (marque nationale de sécurité) prescribed means prescribed by regulations made under section 11; (Version anglaise seulement) sell includes to offer for sale or lease, have in possession for sale or lease or deliver for sale or lease; (vente) standard means a standard that governs the design, manufacture, functioning or marking of vehicles or equipment for the purpose of reducing, directly or indirectly, the risk of death, injury or property damage from vehicle use, including a standard aimed at increasing the use of safety features by the public or facilitating the creation, recording or retrieval of information; (norme) Tribunal means the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada established by subsection 2(1) of the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada Act; (Tribunal) vehicle means any vehicle that is designed to be, or is capable of being, driven or drawn on roads by any means other than muscular power exclusively, but does not include any vehicle that is designed to run exclusively on rails. (véhicule) Exercise of powers The Minister may, in writing, authorize any person designated by the Minister to exercise any of the Minister’s powers and duties under this Act, either generally or as otherwise provided in the instrument of authorization. Administrative agreements The Minister may enter into an agreement to further the purposes of this Act. Contact person A company designated by the Minister that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports into Canada any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed is required to provide the Minister, for a purpose related to verifying compliance with this Act, with the contact information for a person for the purpose of correspondence. National trademarks The national safety marks are hereby declared to be national trademarks and, except as provided in this Act, the exclusive property in and right to the use of those marks are vested in Her Majesty in right of Canada. Use of marks A company authorized by the Minister, as provided for in the regulations, may apply a national safety mark to a vehicle or equipment, as provided for in the regulations. Provision of address The company shall provide the Minister with the address of the premises at which the national safety mark is to be applied. Prohibition No person shall use a national safety mark except as authorized by this Act. Confusing marks No person shall use a mark other than a national safety mark in such a manner that it is likely to be mistaken for a national safety mark. Interprovincial shipments Except as otherwise provided by the regulations, no company shall ship from one province to another, or deliver to any person for the purpose of being so shipped, any vehicle or equipment of a prescribed class manufactured in Canada unless it has a national safety mark applied to it in accordance with section 3. Compliance by companies No company shall apply a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sell any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied, or import into Canada any vehicle or equipment of a prescribed class unless the vehicle or equipment conforms to the standards prescribed for vehicles or equipment of its class at the time the main assembly of the vehicle was completed or the equipment was manufactured; evidence of that conformity has been obtained and produced as provided for in the regulations or, if the regulations so provide, to the Minister’s satisfaction; [Repealed, 1999, c. 33, s. 351] prescribed information is marked on the vehicle or equipment as provided for in the regulations; prescribed documentation or prescribed accessories accompany the vehicle or equipment as provided for in the regulations; prescribed information relating to the operation of the vehicle or equipment is disseminated as provided for in the regulations; records are maintained and furnished, as provided for in the regulations, in relation to the design, manufacture, testing and field performance of the vehicle or equipment, for the purpose of enabling an inspector to determine whether the vehicle or equipment conforms to all requirements applicable to it, and facilitating the identification and analysis of defects referred to in subsection 10(1); and in the case of equipment, the company maintains, as provided for in the regulations, a registration system by which any person who has purchased equipment manufactured, imported or sold by the company and who wishes to be identified may be so identified. [Repealed, 2014, c. 20, s. 216] Time of compliance Unless otherwise provided by the regulations, a company may apply a national safety mark to, or import into Canada, a vehicle that does not satisfy a requirement of subsection (1) if that requirement is satisfied before the vehicle leaves the possession or control of the company and before the vehicle is presented for registration under the laws of a province. Certification by foreign agency Where the regulations so provide in relation to a prescribed standard that corresponds to a prescribed enactment of a foreign government, a vehicle shall be deemed to conform to the standard if a prescribed agency of that government has certified that the vehicle conforms to the enactment as applied by the agency, unless the Minister determines that the vehicle does not conform to that enactment as so applied. Compliance by all persons importing vehicles No person shall import into Canada a vehicle of a prescribed class unless the requirements of paragraphs 5(1)(a), (b), (d) and (e) are satisfied in respect of the vehicle. Exceptions for certain importations Sections 5 and 6 do not apply in respect of the importation of a vehicle or equipment if before the importation, the person importing the vehicle or equipment makes a declaration, as provided for in the regulations, that the vehicle or equipment will be used in Canada solely for a prescribed purpose, will remain in Canada for a period of not more than one year or any other period that is specified by the Minister, and meets or will meet any other prescribed requirement; or the vehicle or equipment is passing through Canada to another country or is exclusively for use by a visitor to Canada. Export or destruction A person who imports a vehicle or equipment under paragraph (1)(a) shall, as provided for in the regulations, export or destroy the vehicle or equipment before the end of the period referred to in subparagraph (1)(a)(ii). Exception — donation Despite subsection (1.01), a person who imports a vehicle under paragraph (1)(a) may, with the Minister’s approval, donate it as provided for in the regulations. Exception — temporary importation Sections 5 and 6 do not apply to a resident of Canada who imports a vehicle that is licensed in the United States if the vehicle is rented in the United States from a vehicle rental business and is being imported into Canada for non-commercial purposes. Importer to remove vehicle from Canada A resident of Canada who imports a vehicle under subsection (1.1) shall remove the vehicle from Canada within a period of 30 days, or any other prescribed period, beginning on the day on which the vehicle is imported. Rental business to remove vehicle from Canada If, within the period referred to in subsection (1.2), the resident of Canada delivers the vehicle to a vehicle rental business in Canada with the consent of the business, then the vehicle rental business shall remove the vehicle from Canada before the end of that period. Subsection (1.2) does not apply For greater certainty, if a vehicle rental business is required under subsection (1.3) to remove the vehicle from Canada, subsection (1.2) does not apply to the resident of Canada. Regulations The Governor in Council may make regulations respecting vehicles imported under subsection (1.1); respecting the importation or removal of vehicles under subsections (1.1) to (1.4); and defining, for the purposes of those subsections, any term used in them. Vehicles from the United States or Mexico Sections 5 and 6 do not apply to the importation of a vehicle that has been sold at the retail level in the United States or that is a prescribed vehicle from Mexico if the vehicle meets any prescribed requirements; and the person importing the vehicle makes a declaration, as provided for in the regulations, that the vehicle will be, before being presented for registration by a province and within the prescribed period, brought into compliance with any prescribed requirements, and certified, as provided for in the regulations, as compliant with the requirements referred to in subparagraph (i) by the person designated in the regulations. Importation for components Sections 5 and 6 do not apply to the importation of a vehicle that has been sold at the retail level in the United States or that is a prescribed vehicle from Mexico if the person importing the vehicle makes a declaration, as provided for in the regulations, that the vehicle will not be presented for registration by a province; will be registered, as provided for in the regulations, by the person designated in the regulations; and will be dismantled for its components. Change in standard since manufacture A vehicle that does not conform to a standard prescribed for vehicles of its class at the time of its main assembly may be imported notwithstanding section 5 or 6 if, at the time of its importation, the standard is no longer in effect and the vehicle conforms to the corresponding standard prescribed for vehicles of its class at that time; or there is no corresponding standard at that time. [Repealed, 2014, c. 20, s. 217] Declarations binding A person who makes a declaration under this section shall comply with the declaration. Analytical aids A company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed shall, on the Minister’s request, provide the Minister with the means to retrieve or analyze information created or recorded by the vehicle or equipment. Power to order tests, analyses or studies The Minister may, by order, require any company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed to conduct tests, analyses or studies on the vehicle or equipment in order to obtain information related to defects, or to verify compliance with this Act, that the Minister considers necessary; and provide the results to the Minister in the time and manner that the Minister specifies. Statutory Instruments Act The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to an order made under subsection (1). Exemption from standards On application by a company as provided for in the regulations, the Minister may, by order, grant an exemption for a specified period, in accordance with any conditions specified in the order, for any model of vehicle manufactured or imported by the company from conformity with any prescribed standard if the exemption from that standard would, in the opinion of the Minister, promote the development of new safety features that are equivalent to or superior to those that conform to prescribed standards; or new kinds of vehicles, technologies, vehicle systems or components. Conditions for granting exemption An exemption must only be granted for a model if the exemption would not substantially diminish the overall safety performance of the model. Publication Each exemption order must, as soon as feasible, be published through the Internet or by any other means that the Minister considers appropriate. [Repealed, 2018, c. 2, s. 6] Renewal of exemption On expiration of the period of an exemption, a new exemption may be granted in accordance with this section. Notice of defect A company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed shall, as provided for in the regulations, give notice of any defect in the design, manufacture or functioning of the vehicle or equipment that affects or is likely to affect the safety of any person to the Minister, on becoming aware of the defect; and the current owner and any other prescribed person, within the period provided for in the regulations. Notice already given A company is not required to give notice of a defect for which notice has already been given by another company that manufactured, sold or imported the vehicle or equipment; or for which a notice of non-compliance has been given under section 10.1. Subsequent notice If the Minister determines that a defect has not been corrected in an adequate number of vehicles or equipment for which notice was given under subsection (1), the Minister may, by order, require the company to provide, in accordance with any conditions specified in the order, a subsequent notice to those persons who have not had the defect corrected. In making this determination, the Minister shall take into consideration, among other things, the nature of the defect; the safety risk arising from it; and the total number of vehicles or equipment affected. Unknown owner If the Minister is satisfied that the current owner of a vehicle or equipment cannot reasonably be determined by a company, the company shall give notice in any other manner that is acceptable to the Minister; or the Minister may exempt the company from the requirement to give notice to the current owner. Power to order The Minister may, by order, require any company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed to give notice of a defect in the manner specified in the order, if the Minister considers that it is in the interest of safety. The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to an order made under subsection (2.1) or (4). Particulars to provincial authorities Forthwith on receiving any notice under subsection (1), the Minister shall forward full particulars of the notice to the minister or other officer responsible for motor vehicle administration in each province. [Repealed, 2014, c. 20, s. 221] Notice of non-compliance A company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed shall, as provided for in the regulations, give notice of any non-compliance of the vehicle or equipment with the regulations to the Minister, on becoming aware of the non-compliance; and A company is not required to give notice of any non-compliance for which notice has already been given by another company that manufactured, sold or imported the vehicle or equipment. Exception If the Minister determines that the non-compliance is inconsequential to safety, the company is not required to give notice under paragraph (1)(b). If the Minister determines that a non-compliance has not been corrected in an adequate number of vehicles or equipment, the Minister may, by order, require a company to provide, in accordance with any conditions specified in the order, a subsequent notice to those persons who have not had the non-compliance corrected. In making this determination, the Minister shall take into consideration, among other things, the nature of the non-compliance; If the Minister is satisfied that the current owner of a vehicle or equipment cannot reasonably be determined by a company On receiving a notice under subsection (1), the Minister shall forward full particulars of it to the minister or other officer who is responsible for motor vehicle administration in each province. The Minister may, by order, require any company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed to give a notice of non-compliance in the manner specified in the order, if the Minister considers that it is in the interest of safety. The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to an order made under subsection (4) or (7). Follow-up reports A company that gives notice to the Minister shall submit reports to the Minister as provided for in the regulations. Make information available A company designated by the Minister that gives notice to the Minister in respect of a vehicle or equipment shall, as provided for in the regulations, make information available for the vehicle or equipment in respect of which the notice was given. Correction date The notice given by a company under paragraph 10(1)(b) or 10.1(1)(b) shall specify the earliest date by which the parts and facilities that are necessary to correct the defect or non-compliance are expected to be available. Notice Despite subsection (1), if the company cannot reasonably specify the earliest date at the time the notice is sent, the company shall send the notice without that date. The company shall send a subsequent notice that provides the earliest date as soon as it has been determined. Copy for Minister The company shall immediately provide the Minister with a copy of any notice referred to in subsections (1) and (2). Power to require information The Minister may, by order, require a company to provide, in the manner and within the period specified in the order, any information or documents that the Minister considers necessary for verifying that the date specified by the company under subsection (1) or (2) is the earliest date by which the parts and facilities that are necessary to correct a defect or non-compliance are expected to be available. Power to order correction of defect or non-compliance The Minister may, by order, require any company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed to correct a defect or non-compliance, in accordance with any terms and conditions specified in the order, if a notice of defect or non-compliance has been given and the Minister considers that it is in the interest of safety. Correction A company that is subject to an order made under section 10.5 may correct a defect or non-compliance by doing one of the following: repairing the vehicle or equipment, including by adding to, removing anything from or modifying the vehicle or equipment, as the circumstances require; replacing the vehicle or equipment with a reasonable equivalent; reimbursing the reasonable cost of repairs to the vehicle or equipment that have already been undertaken before a notice of defect or non-compliance has been given, or the sale price of the vehicle or equipment, less reasonable depreciation in the case where the vehicle or equipment has been sold to the first retail purchaser, on return of the vehicle or equipment. Available measures and benefits For greater certainty, any person, including an automobile dealer, may benefit from any measure referred to in section 10.51 and any payment of costs under subsection 10.6(1). Agreement For greater certainty, nothing prevents a company that is subject to an order under subsection 10.1(7) or 10.4(4), section 10.5 or subsection 10.6(1) from entering into an agreement with any person, including an automobile dealer, in respect of any matter related to the order — including, in the case of a vehicle or equipment that has not been sold to the first retail purchaser, in respect of the reimbursement of reasonable costs incurred — in addition to complying with any terms and conditions specified in the order. Rights not affected For greater certainty, a correction to a vehicle or equipment in accordance with section 10.51 does not affect the right of any person, including an automobile dealer, to exercise any other right or remedy available at law, including a right or remedy to recover reasonable costs incurred as a result of an order under section 10.5. Power to order payment of costs The Minister may, by order, require any company that applies a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sells any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or imports any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed to pay the costs of correcting a defect or non-compliance, in accordance with any terms and conditions specified in the order, if a notice of defect or non-compliance has been given. Time limit This section does not apply to any vehicle or equipment that was manufactured 15 years or more before the date of an order under subsection (1). Power to prohibit offering for sale — defect or non-compliance The Minister may, by order, require a company to ensure that any defect or non-compliance in a vehicle or equipment is corrected before the vehicle is offered for sale to the first retail purchaser, in accordance with any terms and conditions specified in the order. For greater certainty For greater certainty, a company is not prohibited from doing any promotion activities prior to offering for sale any vehicle or equipment under subsection (1). Process For the purposes of subsections 10(4) and 10.1(7) and sections 10.5 to 10.61, the Minister shall, before issuing any order, make a preliminary determination, on the basis of testing, analysis, inspection, examination or research that the Minister considers appropriate and in consultation with the company, that an order may be necessary in the interest of safety; notify the company of the preliminary determination, including the rationale on which it is based, and invite the company to provide information in writing, in the time and manner specified by the Minister; and publish a notice of preliminary determination and invite any person to make comments in writing, within the time that the Minister specifies. Final decision The Minister shall not make a final decision that an order is necessary unless the Minister has taken into account information that he or she considers relevant. Notice to company After making a final decision, the Minister shall notify the company of the decision and the rationale on which it is based. After making a final decision, the Minister shall publish a notice of it through the Internet or by any other means that he or she considers appropriate. Power to vary or revoke order The Minister may vary or revoke an order if new relevant information becomes available. The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to an order made under section 10.4, 10.5, 10.6 or 10.61. The Governor in Council may make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act, including regulations respecting the keeping of records and the provision of information to the Minister; and prescribing or providing for anything that by this Act is to be prescribed or provided for by the regulations. Progressive application Regulations prescribing a standard may be made applicable in respect of a specified proportion of vehicles of any class before those regulations are made applicable in respect of all vehicles of that class. Incorporation by reference Regulations made under this section may, in whole or in part, incorporate by reference, as it is amended from time to time or as it exists on a particular date, a document produced by a person or body other than the Minister; or a technical or explanatory document produced by the Minister including specifications, classifications, illustrations, graphs, test methods, procedures, operational standards and performance standards. No registration or publication For greater certainty, a document that is incorporated by reference in a regulation is not required to be transmitted for registration or published in the Canada Gazette under the Statutory Instruments Act by reason only that it is incorporated by reference. Definition of technical standards document In this section, technical standards document means a document that is published by the Minister, as provided for in the regulations, that adapts, or that reproduces in whole or in part in the official languages of Canada, an enactment of a foreign government or material produced by an international organization. The adaptations may include amendments to the content of the originating enactment or material. Incorporation of document Regulations made under this Act may, in whole or in part, incorporate by reference a technical standards document as it is amended from time to time or as it exists on a particular date. For greater certainty, a technical standards document that is incorporated by reference in a regulation is not required to be transmitted for registration or published in the Canada Gazette under the Statutory Instruments Act by reason only that it is incorporated by reference. For greater certainty, subsections 11(3) and 12(2) do not limit any authority to make regulations incorporating material by reference that exists apart from those subsections. Interim order If an enactment of a foreign government corresponds to regulations made under this Act and that enactment is amended by that government or its operation is affected by a decision of a foreign court, the Minister may issue an order, effective for a period not exceeding three years, suspending or modifying the operation of the regulations to the extent that they are inconsistent with the enactment as amended or given effect. The Minister may renew the order for a further period not exceeding three years. Order not a regulation An order issued under subsection (1) is not a regulation for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act but no person is required to comply with such an order unless it has been published in the Canada Gazette or that person has received actual notice of it. Order to suspend, modify or adapt regulation The Minister may issue an order, effective for a period not exceeding three years, that suspends, modifies or adapts a regulation, in whole or in part, if the Minister is of the opinion that it is in the public interest to do so, including to promote innovation or for reasons of safety. Inspectors The Minister may designate as an automotive inspector any person who, in the Minister’s opinion, is qualified to be so designated. Investigation — collisions For greater certainty, the Minister may designate as a collision investigator any person whom the Minister considers qualified, and that person may collect information with respect to an investigation of any motor vehicle collision. Certificate of designation The Minister shall furnish every inspector with a certificate of designation, and on entering any place referred to in subsection 15(1) an inspector shall, on demand from the person in charge of that place, produce the certificate for examination by that person. Testimony — civil suits An inspector may not be compelled to give testimony in any civil suit, with regard to information obtained by them in the discharge of their duties, without the Minister’s written permission. Entry by inspector For a purpose related to verifying compliance with this Act, an inspector may at any reasonable time enter any place, other than a dwelling-house but including a collision site, in which the inspector believes on reasonable grounds there is any vehicle or equipment of a class for which standards are prescribed; any component that is used or intended to be used in the manufacture of a vehicle or equipment for which safety standards are prescribed; or any record referred to in paragraph 5(1)(g). In carrying out their duties, an inspector and any person accompanying the inspector may enter on and pass through or over private property, other than a dwelling-house, without being liable for doing so and without any person having the right to object to that use of the property. Power to require attendance of persons An inspector who enters a place may require the attendance of persons whom the inspector considers relevant to the carrying out of the inspector’s functions. Powers The inspector may, for the purpose referred to in subsection (1), examine any vehicle, equipment or component that is in the place; open and examine any package or receptacle that the inspector believes contains any equipment or component referred to in that subsection; examine any document that is in the place, make copies of it or take extracts from it; disassemble and remove any constituent components; order the owner or person having possession, care or control of any vehicle or equipment to which this Act applies that is in the place to move it or, for any time that may be necessary, not to move it or to restrict its movement; use or cause to be used a computer or other device that is in the place to examine data that is contained in or available to a computer system or reproduce it or cause it to be reproduced in the form of a printout or other intelligible output and remove the output for examination or copying; use or cause to be used copying equipment that is in the place and remove the copies for examination; take photographs or make recordings or sketches; and remove any vehicle, equipment or component from the place for the purpose of examination or conducting tests. Assistance to inspector Any person who owns or has charge of a place entered by an inspector under subsection (1) and every person present there shall answer all of the inspector’s reasonable questions related to the inspection, provide access to all electronic data that the inspector may reasonably require, provide all reasonable assistance in their power to enable the inspector to carry out his or her duties and furnish any information that the inspector reasonably requires for the purposes of the administration of this Act. Seizure of property An inspector may seize and, subject to sections 489.1 to 491.2 of the Criminal Code, detain any vehicle, equipment or component described in subsection (1) by means of which or in relation to which the inspector believes on reasonable grounds that this Act has been contravened; or that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds will afford evidence in respect of a contravention of this Act. Interference with seized property Except with the authorization of an inspector, no person shall remove, alter or otherwise interfere with any vehicle, equipment or component seized by an inspector under subsection (6). Production of documents, information or electronic data An inspector may, for a purpose related to verifying compliance with this Act, order a person, in writing, to provide, on the date, at the time and place and in the manner specified by the inspector, any document, information or electronic data specified by the inspector. False statements No person shall obstruct or hinder, or make any false or misleading statement either orally or in writing to, an inspector who is engaged in carrying out his or her functions. Consent agreement The Minister may enter into a consent agreement with any corporation, company or individual that has contravened the Act or its regulations, or that the Minister believes has contravened the Act or its regulations. Contents of agreement A consent agreement may include any term or condition, including the payment of an amount by a corporation, company or individual that may be different from the amount determined under this Act for the contravention. Filing and registration of agreement A consent agreement shall be filed with the Federal Court for registration as soon as feasible. The consent agreement is deemed to be an order of the court and is enforceable in the same manner. Effect of registration On registration of a consent agreement, any proceedings commenced in relation to a contravention that gave rise to the agreement are terminated and no further proceedings under this Act shall be taken against the corporation, company or individual with respect to the contravention. Amendment The Minister and any party to the consent agreement may modify its terms at the request of either at any time and the amended agreement replaces the original agreement and must be filed and registered accordingly. On registration, the Minister shall cause each consent agreement to be published through the Internet or by any other means that the Minister considers appropriate. The Governor in Council may, by regulation, designate as a provision the contravention of which may be proceeded with as a violation in accordance with sections 16.13 to 16.23 of this Act, or any regulations or orders made under this Act; prescribe the maximum amount payable for each violation, but not more than $4,000, in the case of an individual, and $200,000, in the case of a corporation or company; establish what constitutes a related series or class of violations; and prescribe the total maximum amount payable for a related series or class of violations. Designation of enforcement officers The Minister may designate persons, or classes of persons, as enforcement officers. Certification of enforcement officers Every person who is designated as an enforcement officer shall receive a certificate of designation attesting to their designation and shall, on demand, present the certificate to any person from whom the enforcement officer requests information in the course of the enforcement officer’s duties. Entry by officer For the purpose of determining whether a violation referred to in section 16.13 has been committed, an enforcement officer may at any reasonable time enter any place, other than a dwelling-house, in which the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds there is any record that is referred to in paragraph 5(1)(g). Entry by enforcement officer In carrying out his or her duties, an enforcement officer and any person accompanying him or her may enter on and pass through or over private property, other than a dwelling-house, without being liable for doing so and without any person having the right to object to that use of the property. An enforcement officer who enters a place may require the attendance of persons whom the enforcement officer considers relevant to the carrying out of the enforcement officer’s functions. Search of premises An enforcement officer who enters a place under subsection (3) may examine any vehicle and may exercise the powers and carry out the duties or functions of an inspector under subsection 15(2). An enforcement officer may, for a purpose related to determining whether a violation referred to in section 16.13 has been committed, order a person in writing to provide, on the date, at the time and place and in the manner specified by the enforcement officer, any document, information or electronic data specified by the enforcement officer. Assistance to enforcement officer Any person who owns or has charge of a place entered by an enforcement officer under subsection (3) and every person present there shall answer all of the enforcement officer’s reasonable questions related to the functions of the enforcement officer, provide access to all electronic data that the enforcement officer may reasonably require, provide all reasonable assistance in their power to enable the enforcement officer to carry out the enforcement officer’s duties and furnish any information that the enforcement officer reasonably requires for the purposes of the administration of this Act. Notices of violation The Minister may establish the form and content of notices of violation. Violation Every person who contravenes a provision designated under paragraph 16.1(a) commits a violation and is liable to a penalty of not more than the maximum amount prescribed under paragraph 16.1(b) or (d). Purpose of penalty The purpose of the penalty is to promote compliance with this Act and not to punish. Continuing violation A violation that is committed or continued on more than one day constitutes a separate violation for each day on which it is committed or continued. Clarification If a contravention of a provision designated under paragraph 16.1(a) may be proceeded with as a violation or as an offence, proceeding with it in one manner precludes proceeding with it in the other. Nature of violation For greater certainty, a violation is not an offence and, accordingly, section 126 of the Criminal Code does not apply in respect of a violation. Due diligence available Due diligence is a defence in a proceeding in respect of a violation. Issuance of notice of violation When an enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that a person has committed a violation, the enforcement officer may issue and serve on the person a notice of violation that names the person, identifies the violation and sets out the penalty for the violation that the person is liable to pay; and particulars concerning the time for and manner of paying the penalty and the procedure for requesting a review. Service of documents The Minister may establish procedures respecting the service of documents that are required or authorized under this Act, including the manner and proof of service and the circumstances under which documents are deemed to have been served. In the absence of those procedures, notices of violation may be served by personal service or by registered or certified mail sent to the person at their latest known address. Payment If a person who is served with a notice of violation pays the amount specified in the notice in accordance with the particulars set out in it, the Minister shall accept the amount as and in complete satisfaction of the amount of the penalty for the contravention and no further proceedings under this Act shall be taken against the person in respect of that contravention. Failure to pay penalty deemed contravention A person who fails to pay the amount of the penalty specified in a notice of violation within the specified time and who does not file a request for a review is deemed to have committed the contravention alleged in the notice. Request for review A person served with a notice of violation that wishes to have the Minister’s decision regarding the facts of the alleged contravention or the amount of the penalty reviewed shall, within 30 days after the notice of violation is served — or within any further time that the Tribunal on application may allow — file a request for a review with the Tribunal. Time and place for review On receipt of the request, the Tribunal shall appoint a time and place for the review and shall notify the Minister and the person who filed the request of the time and place in writing. Review procedure The member of the Tribunal who is assigned to conduct the review shall provide the Minister and the person who filed the request with an opportunity that is consistent with procedural fairness and natural justice to present evidence and make representations. Burden of proof The Minister has the burden of establishing on a balance of probabilities that a person has committed a violation. Person not compelled to testify A person who is alleged to have committed a violation is not required to give any evidence or testimony in the matter. Determination by Tribunal member At the conclusion of a review, the member of the Tribunal who conducts the review shall without delay inform the Minister and the person who is alleged to have committed a violation that the person has not committed a violation, in which case, subject to section 16.19, no further proceedings under this Act shall be taken against the person in respect of the alleged violation; or that the person has committed a violation and, subject to any regulations made under paragraph 16.1(b) or (d), of the amount determined by the member to be payable to the Tribunal by or on behalf of the person and the time within which it must be paid. Right of appeal Within 30 days after a determination is made under section 16.18, the Minister or a person to whom it applies may appeal the determination to the Tribunal. Loss of right of appeal A party who does not appear at a review hearing is not entitled to appeal the determination, unless the party establishes that there was sufficient reason to justify their absence. Disposition of appeal The appeal panel of the Tribunal that is assigned to hear an appeal may dismiss it or allow it and, in allowing the appeal, the panel may substitute its decision for the determination. Finding of violation If the appeal panel finds that a person has committed a violation, the panel shall immediately inform the person and the Minister of the finding and, subject to any regulations made under paragraph 16.1(b) or (d), of the amount determined by the panel to be payable to the Tribunal by or on behalf of the person in respect of the violation and the time within which it must be paid. Finding of no violation If the appeal panel finds that a person has not committed a violation, the panel shall immediately inform the person and the Minister of the finding. Certificate The Minister may obtain from the Tribunal or the member, as the case may be, a certificate in the form established by the Governor in Council setting out the amount of the penalty required to be paid by a person who fails, within the time required, to pay the amount of a penalty set out in a notice of violation or to file a request for a review under section 16.16; to pay an amount determined under paragraph 16.18(b) or to file an appeal under section 16.19; or to pay an amount determined under subsection 16.19(4). Registration of certificate On production in any superior court, a certificate issued under section 16.2 shall be registered in the court and, when so registered, a certificate has the same force and effect, and proceedings may be taken in connection with it, as if it were a judgment in that court obtained by Her Majesty in right of Canada against the person who is named in the certificate for a debt of the amount set out in the certificate. Recovery of costs and charges All reasonable costs and charges attendant on the registration of the certificate are recoverable in the same manner as if they had been certified and the certificate had been registered under subsection (1). Amounts received deemed public money An amount received by the Minister or the Tribunal under this section is deemed to be public money within the meaning of the Financial Administration Act. Time limit for proceedings Proceedings in respect of a violation may not be instituted later than two years after the time when the subject matter of the proceedings arose. At any time after a notice of violation is issued and served, the Minister may make public the nature of a violation, the name of the person who committed it and the amount of the penalty. Notations removed Unless the Minister is of the opinion that it is not in the public interest to do so, five years after the person pays every penalty that the person is liable to pay, the Minister shall remove a notice of violation from the public record of notices of violation. Duty to notify If the Minister is of the opinion that removal of a notation is not in the public interest, he or she shall give notice of that fact to the person in writing, and provide the grounds for that opinion. Contents of notice The notice shall include the date that is 30 days after the day on which the notice is served and the particulars concerning the procedure for requesting a review. The person may, no later than the date specified in the notice or within any further time that the Tribunal on application may allow, file a written request for a review with the Tribunal. On receipt of a request filed under subsection (4), the Tribunal shall appoint a time and place for the review and shall notify the Minister and the person who filed the request of the time and place in writing. Determination The member may confirm the Minister’s decision or refer the matter back to the Minister for reconsideration. The person who requested the review may, within 30 days after the day on which a determination is made under subsection (7), appeal the determination to the Tribunal. A person who does not appear at the review hearing is not entitled to appeal the determination, unless the person establishes that there was sufficient reason to justify their absence. The appeal panel of the Tribunal that is assigned to hear an appeal may dismiss it or refer the matter back to the Minister for reconsideration. Offence and punishment Every corporation or company that contravenes this Act, the regulations or an order is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine of not more than $200,000; or is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to a fine of not more than $2 million. Every individual who contravenes this Act, the regulations or an order is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liable to a fine of not more than $4,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both; or is guilty of an indictable offence and is liable to a fine of not more than $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years, or to both. Continuing offence An offence that is committed or continued on more than one day constitutes a separate offence for each day on which it is committed or continued. Defence where more than one manufacturer In a prosecution for a contravention of section 4 or subsection 5(1) by a company engaged in the business of assembling or altering vehicles, it is a defence for the company to establish that the contravention occurred as a result of work previously done on a vehicle by another person engaged in the manufacture of the vehicle. Due diligence defence In a prosecution for a contravention of section 16, a person is not to be found guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) if they establish that they exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.

Offence by employee or agent In a prosecution under this Act, it is sufficient proof of an offence to establish that it was committed by an employee or agent of the accused whether or not the employee or agent is identified or has been prosecuted for the offence, unless the accused establishes that the offence was committed without the knowledge or consent of the accused and that the accused exercised all due diligence to prevent its commission. A prosecution by way of summary conviction under this Act may not be instituted later than two years after the time when the subject-matter of the prosecution arose. Venue A prosecution under this Act may be instituted, tried and determined by a court in any territorial jurisdiction in which the accused carries on business, regardless of where the subject-matter of the prosecution arose. Evidence In a prosecution under this Act, evidence that a vehicle or equipment bore a name or mark purporting to be the name or mark of a company engaged in the business of manufacturing, importing or selling vehicles or equipment is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof that the vehicle or equipment was manufactured, imported or sold, as the case may be, by that company. Idem In a prosecution under this Act, evidence that a vehicle or equipment bearing a national safety mark was manufactured by a company is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof that the national safety mark was affixed by the company. Forfeiture — conviction for offence If a person is convicted of an offence under this Act, the court may order that a seized vehicle, equipment or component by means of or in relation to which the offence was committed be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada. Disposal A seized vehicle, equipment or component that is forfeited may be stored and disposed of at the expense of its owner or the person who was entitled to possess it at the time of its seizure. Forfeiture — on consent If the owner of a seized vehicle, equipment or component consents to its forfeiture, the seized vehicle, equipment or component is forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be stored and disposed of at the owner’s expense. Powers of Minister The Minister may conduct any research, studies, evaluations and analyses that the Minister considers necessary for the administration and enforcement of this Act; undertake research and development programs for the study of the impact of vehicles, drivers of vehicles, and streets and highways on road safety, energy conservation and the environment and for the promotion of measures to control that impact; establish and operate facilities for the testing of vehicles, equipment and components, and acquire test equipment for that purpose; make the facilities referred to in paragraph (c) and all related materials, parts and services available to any person; collect any information related to vehicles or equipment that the Minister considers to be in the public interest; and publish or otherwise disseminate any information, other than personal information, relating to the activities of the Minister under this section. Personal information For the purposes of paragraphs (1)(a), (b) and (e), the Minister may collect personal information, as defined in section 3 of the Privacy Act, including personal information from third parties. Fees and prices to be charged The Minister may, by order, determine or establish the manner of determining a fee to be charged for any facility or service made available to any person under paragraph (1)(d), the price to be charged for any material or part referred to in that paragraph, and the terms of payment of fees and prices so charged. Application of charges Any amount charged pursuant to subsection (2) may be applied against the cost of making facilities, materials, parts and services available to persons under paragraph (1)(d). Recovery of charges Any amount charged pursuant to subsection (2) may be recovered as a debt due to Her Majesty in the Federal Court. [Repealed, 1999, c. 33, s. 354] [Repeals] Coming into force This Act shall come into force on a day to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council. [Note: Act in force April 12, 1995, see SI/95-40.] Tires Equipment for use in the restraint of children and disabled persons Section 5 of the Act is amended by adding the following after subsection (1): Compliance by companies of prescribed class No company of a prescribed class shall apply a national safety mark to any vehicle or equipment, sell any vehicle or equipment to which a national safety mark has been applied or import into Canada any vehicle or equipment of a prescribed class unless the company acquires and maintains, as provided for in the regulations and in relation to a vehicle or equipment that is substantially similar to that vehicle or equipment, records related to prescribed subject matters. The Governor in Council may make regulations defining, for the purposes of subsection (2), any term used in it.