Controlled Drugs and Substances Act

An Act respecting the control of certain drugs, their precursors and other substances and to amend certain other Acts and repeal the Narcotic Control Act in consequence thereof Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: Short title This Act may be cited as the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Definitions In this Act, adjudicator means a person appointed or employed under the Public Service Employment Act who performs the duties and functions of an adjudicator under this Act and the regulations; (arbitre) analogue means a substance that, in relation to a controlled substance, has a substantially similar chemical structure; (analogue) analyst means a person who is designated as an analyst under section 44; (analyste) Attorney General means the Attorney General of Canada, and includes their lawful deputy, or with respect to proceedings commenced at the instance of the government of a province and conducted by or on behalf of that government, the Attorney General of that province, and includes their lawful deputy; (procureur général) chemical offence-related property means offence-related property that is a chemical or precursor and includes anything that contains such property or has such property on it; (bien infractionnel chimique) controlled substance means a substance included in any of Schedules I to IV or in Part 1 of Schedule V; (substance désignée) customs office has the same meaning as in subsection 2(1) of the Customs Act; (bureau de douane) designated device means a device included in Schedule IX; (instrument désigné) designated substance offence means an offence under Part I, except subsection 4(1), or a conspiracy or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence referred to in paragraph (a); (infraction désignée) inspector means a person who is designated as an inspector under section 30; (inspecteur) judge means a judge as defined in section 552 of the Criminal Code or a judge of a superior court of criminal jurisdiction; (juge) justice has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Criminal Code; (juge de paix) Minister means the Minister of Health; (ministre) non-chemical offence-related property means offence-related property that is not chemical offence-related property; (bien infractionnel non-chimique) offence-related property means, with the exception of a controlled substance, any property, within or outside Canada, by means of or in respect of which a designated substance offence is committed, that is used in any manner in connection with the commission of a designated substance offence, or that is intended for use for the purpose of committing a designated substance offence; (bien infractionnel) organization has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Criminal Code. (organisation) person means an individual or an organization. (personne) possession means possession within the meaning of subsection 4(3) of the Criminal Code; (possession) practitioner means a person who is registered and entitled under the laws of a province to practise in that province the profession of medicine, dentistry or veterinary medicine, and includes any other person or class of persons prescribed as a practitioner; (praticien) precursor means a substance included in Part 2 of Schedule V or in Schedule VI; (précurseur) prescribed means prescribed by the regulations; (Version anglaise seulement) produce means, in respect of a substance included in any of Schedules I to V, to obtain the substance by any method or process including manufacturing, synthesizing or using any means of altering the chemical or physical properties of the substance, or cultivating, propagating or harvesting the substance or any living thing from which the substance may be extracted or otherwise obtained, and includes offer to produce; (production) provide means to give, transfer or otherwise make available in any manner, whether directly or indirectly and whether or not for consideration; (fournir) sell includes offer for sale, expose for sale, have in possession for sale and distribute, whether or not the distribution is made for consideration; (vente) traffic means, in respect of a substance included in any of Schedules I to V, to sell, administer, give, transfer, transport, send or deliver the substance, to sell an authorization to obtain the substance, or to offer to do anything mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b), otherwise than under the authority of the regulations. (trafic) Interpretation For the purposes of this Act, a reference to a controlled substance includes a reference to any substance that contains a controlled substance; and a reference to a controlled substance includes a reference to all synthetic and natural forms of the substance, and any thing that contains or has on it a controlled substance and that is used or intended or designed for use in producing the substance, or in introducing the substance into a human body. For the purposes of this Act, where a substance is expressly named in any of Schedules I to VI, it shall be deemed not to be included in any other of those Schedules. Every power or duty imposed under this Act that may be exercised or performed in respect of an offence under this Act may be exercised or performed in respect of a conspiracy, or an attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or any counselling in relation to, an offence under this Act. [Repealed, 2017, c. 7, s. 2] Possession of substance Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall possess a substance included in Schedule I, II or III. Obtaining substance No person shall seek or obtain a substance included in Schedule I, II, III or IV, or an authorization to obtain a substance included in Schedule I, II, III or IV from a practitioner, unless the person discloses to the practitioner particulars relating to the acquisition by the person of every substance in those Schedules, and of every authorization to obtain such substances, from any other practitioner within the preceding thirty days. Punishment Every person who contravenes subsection (1) where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years; or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable for a first offence, to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both, and for a subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or to both. Subject to subsection (5), every person who contravenes subsection (1) where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule II is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years less a day; or [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 195] Every person who contravenes subsection (1) where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years; or Every person who contravenes subsection (2) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years less a day, where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule II, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months, where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV; or Definition of medical emergency For the purposes of this section, medical emergency means a physiological event induced by the introduction of a psychoactive substance into the body of a person that results in a life-threatening situation and in respect of which there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person requires emergency medical or law enforcement assistance. Exemption — medical emergency No person who seeks emergency medical or law enforcement assistance because that person, or another person, is suffering from a medical emergency is to be charged or convicted of an offence under subsection 4(1) if the evidence in support of that offence was obtained or discovered as a result of that person having sought assist­ance or having remained at the scene. Exemption — persons at the scene The exemption under subsection (2) also applies to any person, including the person suffering from the medical emergency, who is at the scene on the arrival of the emergency medical or law enforcement assistance. Exemption — evidence No person who seeks emergency medical or law enforcement assistance because that person, or another person, is suffering from a medical emergency, or who is at the scene on the arrival of the assistance, is to be charged with an offence concerning a violation of any condition of a pre-trial release or probation order relating to an offence under subsection 4(1) if the evidence in support of that offence was obtained or discovered as a result of that person having sought assistance or having remained at the scene. Deeming Any condition of a person’s pre-trial release, probation order, conditional sentence or parole relating to an offence under subsection 4(1) that may be violated as a result of the person seeking emergency medical or law enforcement assistance for their, or another person’s, medical emergency, or as a result of having been at the scene on the arrival of the assistance, is deemed not to be violated. Trafficking in substance No person shall traffic in a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V or in any substance represented or held out by that person to be such a substance. Possession for purpose of trafficking No person shall, for the purpose of trafficking, possess a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V. Every person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I or II, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life; [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 196] if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III or V, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months; and where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. [Repealed, 2012, c. 1, s. 39] For the purposes of applying subsection (3) in respect of an offence under subsection (1), a reference to a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V includes a reference to any substance represented or held out to be a substance included in that Schedule. Importing and exporting Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall import into Canada or export from Canada a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI. Possession for the purpose of exporting Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall possess a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI for the purpose of exporting it from Canada. [Repealed, 2022, c. 15, s. 16] if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III, V or VI, if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV, Production of substance Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall produce a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V. Every person who contravenes subsection (1) [Repealed, 2022, c. 15, s. 17] [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 197] Possession, sale, etc., for use in production of or trafficking in substance No person shall possess, produce, sell, import or transport anything intending that it will be used to produce a controlled substance, unless the production of the controlled substance is lawfully authorized; or to traffic in a controlled substance. if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I, II, III or V, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 10 years, or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than 18 months; and is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than three years, or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than one year. [Repealed, 2022, c. 15, s. 18] Review Within five years after this section comes into force, a comprehensive review of the provisions and operation of this Act, including a cost-benefit analysis of mandatory minimum sentences, shall be undertaken by any committee of the Senate, of the House of Commons or of both Houses of Parliament that may be designated or established for that purpose. Report The committee referred to in subsection (1) shall, within one year after a review is undertaken under that subsection, submit a report to Parliament including a statement of any changes that the committee recommends. Purpose of sentencing Without restricting the generality of the Criminal Code, the fundamental purpose of any sentence for an offence under this Part is to contribute to the respect for the law and the maintenance of a just, peaceful and safe society while encouraging rehabilitation, and treatment in appropriate circumstances, of offenders and acknowledging the harm done to victims and to the community. Factors to take into consideration If a person is convicted of a designated substance offence, the court imposing sentence on the person shall consider any relevant aggravating factors including that the person in relation to the commission of the offence, carried, used or threatened to use a weapon, used or threatened to use violence, trafficked in a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V, or possessed such a substance for the purpose of trafficking, in or near a school, on or near school grounds or in or near any other public place usually frequented by persons under the age of 18 years, or trafficked in a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V, or possessed such a substance for the purpose of trafficking, to a person under the age of 18 years; was previously convicted of a designated substance offence, as defined in subsection 2(1) of this Act, or a designated offence, as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Cannabis Act; used the services of a person under the age of eighteen years to commit, or involved such a person in the commission of, the offence. Reasons If, under subsection (1), the court is satisfied of the existence of one or more of the aggravating factors enumerated in paragraphs (2)(a) to (c), but decides not to sentence the person to imprisonment, the court shall give reasons for that decision. Drug treatment court program A court sentencing a person who is convicted of an offence under this Part may delay sentencing to enable the offender to participate in a drug treatment court program approved by the Attorney General; or to attend a treatment program under subsection 720(2) of the Criminal Code. [Repealed, 2022, c. 15, s. 19] Declaration of principles The following principles apply in this Part: problematic substance use should be addressed primarily as a health and social issue; interventions should be founded on evidence-based best practices and should aim to protect the health, dignity and human rights of individuals who use drugs and to reduce harm to those individuals, their families and their communities; criminal sanctions imposed in respect of the possession of drugs for personal use can increase the stigma associated with drug use and are not consistent with established public health evidence; interventions should address the root causes of problematic substance use, including by encouraging measures such as education, treatment, aftercare, rehabilitation and social reintegration; and judicial resources are more appropriately used in relation to offences that pose a risk to public safety. Warnings and referrals A peace officer shall, instead of laying an information against an individual alleged to have committed an offence under subsection 4(1), consider whether it would be preferable, having regard to the principles set out in section 10.1, to take no further action, to warn the individual or, with the consent of the individual, to refer the individual to a program or to an agency or other service provider in the community that may assist the individual. Subsequent charges not invalidated The failure of a peace officer to consider the options set out in subsection (1) does not invalidate any subsequent charges laid against the individual for the offence. Prosecution — limits A prosecution may be commenced or continued against an individual alleged to have committed an offence under subsection 4(1) only if, having regard to the principles set out in section 10.1, the prosecutor is of the opinion that the use of a warning or referral under section 10.2, or of alternative measures as defined in section 716 of the Criminal Code, is not appropriate, and a prosecution is appropriate in the circumstances. Record of warning or referral The police force to which a peace officer referred to in section 10.2 belongs shall keep a record of any warning given or referral made under subsection 10.2(1), including the identity of the individual warned or referred. Access to information Any information contained in the record kept pursuant to subsection (1) may be made available to: any judge or court for any purpose relating to proceedings with respect to the offence to which the record relates; any peace officer for any purpose related to the administration of the case to which the record relates; or any member of a department or agency of a government in Canada, or any agent of that department or agency, that is engaged in the administration of alternative measures, within the meaning of section 716 of the Criminal Code, in respect of that person, or preparing a report for the purpose of informing proceedings with respect to the offence to which the record relates. Access to information — alternative measures Information contained in the record, other than the identity of the person, may be made available to any member of a department or agency of a government in Canada, or any agent of the department or agency, that is engaged in assessing and monitoring the use of alternative measures and assessing their effectiveness, including for research or statistical purposes. Evidence of warning or referral not admissible Evidence that an individual has received a warning or referral mentioned in subsection 10.2(1), evidence that a peace officer has taken no further action in respect of an offence under subsection 4(1) and evidence of the offence are inadmissible for the purpose of proving prior offending behaviour in any proceedings before a court in respect of the individual. Conservation of record — conviction Any record of a conviction that occurs before the day on which this section comes into force in respect of an offence under subsection 4(1) must be kept separate and apart from other records of convictions within two years after that day. Conservation of record — deeming A conviction that occurs after this section comes into force in respect of an offence under subsection 4(1) is kept separate and apart from other records of convictions two years after the conviction or two years after the expiry of any sentence imposed for the offence, whichever is later, and the person convicted of the offence is deemed never to have been convicted of that offence. Regulations The Governor in Council may make regulations respecting the use, removal or destruction of records kept separate and apart referred to in subsections (1) and (2). Exception No social worker, medical professional or other service provider in the community commits an offence under subsection 4(1) if, in the course of their duties, they come into possession of a substance included in Schedule I, II or III and they intend to, within a reasonable period, lawfully dispose of it. Information for search warrant A justice who, on ex parte application, is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a controlled substance or precursor in respect of which this Act has been contravened, any thing in which a controlled substance or precursor referred to in paragraph (a) is contained or concealed, offence-related property, or any thing that will afford evidence in respect of an offence under this Act or an offence, in whole or in part in relation to a contravention of this Act, under section 354 or 462.31 of the Criminal Code is in a place may, at any time, issue a warrant authorizing a peace officer, at any time, to search the place for any such controlled substance, precursor, property or thing and to seize it. Application of section 487.1 of the Criminal Code For the purposes of subsection (1), an information may be submitted by telephone or other means of telecommunication in accordance with section 487.1 of the Criminal Code, with such modifications as the circumstances require. Execution in Canada A warrant issued under subsection (1) may be executed at any place in Canada. Any peace officer who executes the warrant must have authority to act as a peace officer in the place where it is executed. Duty of peace officer executing warrant Section 487.093 of the Criminal Code, other than paragraph 487.093(1)(c), applies with respect to a warrant issued under subsection (1). Search of person and seizure Where a peace officer who executes a warrant issued under subsection (1) has reasonable grounds to believe that any person found in the place set out in the warrant has on their person any controlled substance, precursor, property or thing set out in the warrant, the peace officer may search the person for the controlled substance, precursor, property or thing and seize it. Seizure of things not specified A peace officer who executes a warrant issued under subsection (1) may seize, in addition to the things mentioned in the warrant, any controlled substance or precursor in respect of which the peace officer believes on reasonable grounds that this Act has been contravened; any thing that the peace officer believes on reasonable grounds to contain or conceal a controlled substance or precursor referred to in paragraph (a); any thing that the peace officer believes on reasonable grounds is offence-related property; or any thing that the peace officer believes on reasonable grounds will afford evidence in respect of an offence under this Act. Where warrant not necessary A peace officer may exercise any of the powers described in subsection (1), (5) or (6) without a warrant if the conditions for obtaining a warrant exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would be impracticable to obtain one. Seizure of additional things A peace officer who executes a warrant issued under subsection (1) or exercises powers under subsection (5) or (7) may seize, in addition to the things mentioned in the warrant and in subsection (6), any thing that the peace officer believes on reasonable grounds has been obtained by or used in the commission of an offence or that will afford evidence in respect of an offence. Assistance and use of force For the purpose of exercising any of the powers described in section 11, a peace officer may enlist such assistance as the officer deems necessary; and use as much force as is necessary in the circumstances. Report of seizure, finding, etc. Subject to the regulations, every peace officer, inspector or prescribed person who seizes, finds or otherwise acquires a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property shall, within 30 days, prepare a report setting out the substance, precursor or property, the amount of it that was seized, found or acquired, the place where it was seized, found or acquired, the date on which it was seized, found or acquired, the name of the police force, agency or entity to which the peace officer, inspector or prescribed person belongs, the number of the file or police report related to the seizure, finding or acquisition, and any other prescribed information; cause the report to be sent to the Minister; and in the case of a seizure made under section 11 of this Act, the Criminal Code or a power of seizure at common law, cause a copy of the report to be filed with the justice who issued the warrant or another justice for the same territorial division or, if a warrant was not issued, a justice who would have had jurisdiction to issue a warrant. Sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code applicable Subject to subsections (2) and (3), sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code apply to any thing seized under this Act. Sections 489.1 and 490 of Criminal Code applicable If a thing seized under this Act is non-chemical offence-related property, sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code apply subject to sections 16 to 22 and subsections 31(6) to (9) of this Act. Provisions of this Act applicable If a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property is seized under this Act, any other Act of Parliament or a power of seizure at common law, the provisions of this Act and the regulations apply in respect of that substance, precursor or property. Recognizance If, under this section, an order is made in accordance with paragraph 490(9)(c) of the Criminal Code for the return of any non-chemical offence-related property seized under this Act, the judge or justice making the order may require the applicant for the order to enter into a recognizance before the judge or justice, with or without sureties, in the amount and with any conditions that the judge or justice directs and, if the judge or justice considers it appropriate, require the applicant to deposit with the judge or justice the sum of money or other valuable security that the judge or justice directs. [Repealed, 2017, c. 7, s. 11] Application for restraint order The Attorney General may make an application in accordance with this section for a restraint order in respect of any non-chemical offence-related property. Procedure The application for a restraint order may be made ex parte and shall be made in writing to a judge and be accompanied by an affidavit of the Attorney General or any other person deposing to the following matters : the offence to which the property relates; the person who is believed to be in possession of the property; and a description of the property. Restraint order The judge to whom the application is made may, if satisfied that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the property is non-chemical offence-related property, make a restraint order prohibiting any person from disposing of, or otherwise dealing with any interest in, the property specified in the order other than in the manner that is specified in the order. Property outside Canada A restraint order may be issued under this section in respect of property situated outside Canada, with any modifications that the circumstances require. Conditions A restraint order made by a judge under this section may be subject to such reasonable conditions as the judge thinks fit. Order in writing A restraint order made under this section shall be made in writing. Service of order A copy of a restraint order made under this section shall be served on the person to whom the order is addressed in such manner as the judge making the order directs or in accordance with the rules of the court. Registration of order A copy of a restraint order made under this section shall be registered against any property in accordance with the laws of the province in which the property is situated. Order continues in force A restraint order made under this section remains in effect until an order is made under subsection 19(3) or 19.1(3) of this Act or subsection 490(9) or (11) of the Criminal Code in relation to the property; or an order of forfeiture of the property is made under subsection 16(1) or 17(2) of this Act or section 490 of the Criminal Code. Offence Any person on whom a restraint order made under this section is served in accordance with this section and who, while the order is in force, acts in contravention of or fails to comply with the order is guilty of an indictable offence or an offence punishable on summary conviction. [Repealed, 2017, c. 7, s. 14] Subject to sections 16 to 22, sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code apply, with any modifications that the circumstances require, to any property that is the subject of a restraint order made under section 14. If, under this section, an order is made in accordance with paragraph 490(9)(c) of the Criminal Code for the return of any property that is the subject of a restraint order made under section 14, the judge or justice making the order may require the applicant for the order to enter into a recognizance before the judge or justice, with or without sureties, in the amount and with any conditions that the judge or justice directs and, if the judge or justice considers it appropriate, require the applicant to deposit with the judge or justice the sum of money or other valuable security that the judge or justice directs. Management order On application of the Attorney General or of any other person with the written consent of the Attorney General, a justice in the case of non-chemical offence-related property seized under section 11 of this Act, the Criminal Code or a power of seizure at common law, or a judge in the case of property restrained under section 14, may, if they are of the opinion that the circumstances so require, appoint a person to take control of and to manage or otherwise deal with all or part of the property in accordance with the directions of the judge or justice; and require any person having possession of that property to give possession of the property to the person appointed under paragraph (a). Appointment of Minister of Public Works and Government Services If the Attorney General of Canada so requests, a judge or justice appointing a person under subsection (1) shall appoint the Minister of Public Works and Government Services. Power to manage The power to manage or otherwise deal with property under subsection (1) includes the power to make an interlocutory sale of perishable or rapidly depreciating property; the power to destroy, in accordance with subsections (4) to (7), property that has little or no value; and the power to have property, other than real property or a conveyance, forfeited to Her Majesty in accordance with subsection (8). Application for destruction order Before a person who is appointed to manage property destroys property that has little or no value, they shall apply to a court for a destruction order. Notice required before destruction Before making a destruction order, a court shall require notice in accordance with subsection (6) to be given to and may hear any person who, in the court’s opinion, appears to have a valid interest in the property. Manner of giving notice A notice shall be given in the manner that the court directs or that may be specified in the rules of the court; and specify the effective period of the notice that the court considers reasonable or that may be set out in the rules of the court. Destruction order A court shall order that the property be destroyed if it is satisfied that the property has little or no financial or other value. Application for forfeiture order On application by a person who is appointed to manage the property, a court shall order that the property, other than real property or a conveyance, be forfeited to Her Majesty to be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the law if a notice is given or published in the manner that the court directs or that may be specified in the rules of the court; the notice specifies a period of 60 days during which a person may make an application to the court asserting their interest in the property; and during that period, no one makes such an application. When management order ceases to have effect A management order ceases to have effect when the property that is the subject of the management order is returned in accordance with the law, destroyed or forfeited to Her Majesty. For greater certainty For greater certainty, if property that is the subject of a management order is sold, the management order applies to the net proceeds of the sale. Application to vary conditions The Attorney General may at any time apply to the judge or justice to cancel or vary any condition to which a management order is subject but may not apply to vary an appointment made under subsection (2). Forfeiture of property Subject to sections 18 to 19.1, if a person is convicted, or discharged under section 730 of the Criminal Code, of a designated substance offence and, on application of the Attorney General, the court is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that non-chemical offence-related property is related to the commission of the offence, the court shall if the prosecution of the offence was commenced at the instance of the government of a province and conducted by or on behalf of that government, order that the property be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of that province to be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the law by the Attorney General or Solicitor General of that province; and in any other case, order that the property be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada to be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the law by the member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada that is designated by the Governor in Council for the purposes of this paragraph. Property related to other offences Subject to sections 18 to 19.1, if the evidence does not establish to the satisfaction of the court that property in respect of which an order of forfeiture would otherwise be made under subsection (1) is related to the commission of the designated substance offence of which a person is convicted or discharged, but the court is satisfied, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the property is non-chemical offence-related property, the court may make an order of forfeiture under subsection (1) in relation to that property. An order may be issued under this section in respect of property situated outside Canada, with any modifications that the circumstances require. Appeal A person who has been convicted or discharged of a designated substance offence or the Attorney General may appeal to the court of appeal from an order or a failure to make an order under subsection (1) as if the appeal were an appeal against the sentence imposed on the person in respect of the offence. Application for in rem forfeiture Where an information has been laid in respect of a designated substance offence, the Attorney General may make an application to a judge for an order of forfeiture under subsection (2). Order of forfeiture of property Subject to sections 18 to 19.1, where an application is made to a judge under subsection (1) and the judge is satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that any property is non-chemical offence-related property, that proceedings were commenced in respect of a designated substance offence to which the property referred to in paragraph (a) is related, and that the accused charged with the designated substance offence has died or absconded, the judge shall order that the property be forfeited and disposed of in accordance with subsection (4). Accused deemed absconded For the purposes of subsection (2), an accused shall be deemed to have absconded in connection with a designated substance offence if an information has been laid alleging the commission of the offence by the accused, a warrant for the arrest of the accused has been issued in relation to that information, and reasonable attempts to arrest the accused pursuant to the warrant have been unsuccessful during a period of six months beginning on the day on which the warrant was issued, and the accused shall be deemed to have so absconded on the last day of that six month period. Who may dispose of forfeited property For the purposes of subsection (2), if the proceedings referred to in paragraph (2)(b) were commenced at the instance of the government of a province, the judge shall order that the property be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of that province and disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the law by the Attorney General or Solicitor General of that province; and in any other case, the judge shall order that the property be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the law by the member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada that is designated by the Governor in Council for the purposes of this paragraph. Voidable transfers A court may, before ordering that property be forfeited under subsection 16(1) or 17(2), set aside any conveyance or transfer of the property that occurred after the property was seized or restrained, unless the conveyance or transfer was for valuable consideration to a person acting in good faith. Notice Before making an order under subsection 16(1) or 17(2) in relation to any property, a court shall require notice in accordance with subsection (2) to be given to, and may hear, any person who, in the opinion of the court, appears to have a valid interest in the property. be given in the manner that the court directs or that may be specified in the rules of the court; specify the period that the court considers reasonable or that may be set out in the rules of the court during which a person may make an application to the court asserting their interest in the property; and set out the designated substance offence charged and a description of the property. Order of restoration of property Where a court is satisfied that any person, other than a person who was charged with a designated substance offence, or a person who acquired title to or a right of possession of the property from a person referred to in paragraph (a) under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the title or right was transferred for the purpose of avoiding the forfeiture of the property, is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession of any property or any part of any property that would otherwise be forfeited pursuant to an order made under subsection 16(1) or 17(2) and that the person appears innocent of any complicity in an offence referred to in paragraph (a) or of any collusion in relation to such an offence, the court may order that the property or part be returned to that person. If all or part of the property that would otherwise be forfeited under subsection 16(1) or 17(2) is a dwelling-house, before making an order of forfeiture, a court shall require notice in accordance with subsection (2) to be given to and may hear any person who resides in the dwelling-house and is a member of the immediate family of the person charged with or convicted, or discharged under section 730 of the Criminal Code, of the indictable offence under this Act in relation to which the property would be forfeited. specify the period that the court considers reasonable or that may be set out in the rules of the court during which a member of the immediate family who resides in the dwelling-house may make themselves known to the court; and set out the offence charged and a description of the property. Non-forfeiture of real property Subject to an order made under subsection 19(3), if a court is satisfied that the impact of an order of forfeiture made under subsection 16(1) or 17(2) in respect of real property would be disproportionate to the nature and gravity of the offence, the circumstances surrounding the commission of the offence and the criminal record, if any, of the person charged with or convicted, or discharged under section 730 of the Criminal Code, of the offence, as the case may be, it may decide not to order the forfeiture of the property or part of the property and may revoke any restraint order made in respect of that property or part. Factors in relation to dwelling-house Where all or part of the property that would otherwise be forfeited under subsection 16(1) or 17(2) is a dwelling-house, when making a decision under subsection (3), the court shall also consider the impact of an order of forfeiture on any member of the immediate family of the person charged with or convicted or discharged of the offence, if the dwelling-house was the member’s principal residence at the time the charge was laid and continues to be the member’s principal residence; and whether the member referred to in paragraph (a) appears innocent of any complicity in the offence or of any collusion in relation to the offence. Application If any property is forfeited to Her Majesty under an order made under subsection 16(1) or 17(2), any person who claims an interest in the property, other than in the case of property forfeited under an order made under subsection 16(1), a person who was convicted, or discharged under section 730 of the Criminal Code, of the designated substance offence in relation to which the property was forfeited, in the case of property forfeited pursuant to an order made under subsection 17(2), a person who was charged with the designated substance offence in relation to which the property was forfeited, or a person who acquired title to or a right of possession of the property from a person referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the title or right was transferred from that person for the purpose of avoiding the forfeiture of the property, may, within thirty days after the forfeiture, apply by notice in writing to a judge for an order under subsection (4). Fixing day for hearing The judge to whom an application is made under subsection (1) shall fix a day not less than thirty days after the date of the filing of the application for the hearing of the application. An applicant shall serve a notice of the application made under subsection (1) and of the hearing of it on the Attorney General at least fifteen days before the day fixed for the hearing. Order declaring interest not affected by forfeiture Where, on the hearing of an application made under subsection (1), the judge is satisfied that the applicant is not a person referred to in paragraph (1)(a), (b) or (c) and appears innocent of any complicity in any designated substance offence that resulted in the forfeiture of the property or of any collusion in relation to such an offence, and exercised all reasonable care to be satisfied that the property was not likely to have been used in connection with the commission of an unlawful act by the person who was permitted by the applicant to obtain possession of the property or from whom the applicant obtained possession or, where the applicant is a mortgagee or lienholder, by the mortgagor or lien-giver, the judge may make an order declaring that the interest of the applicant is not affected by the forfeiture and declaring the nature and the extent or value of the interest. Appeal from order made under subsection (4) An applicant or the Attorney General may appeal to the court of appeal from an order made under subsection (4), and the provisions of Part XXI of the Criminal Code with respect to procedure on appeals apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, in respect of appeals under this subsection. Return of property The Minister shall, on application made to the Minister by any person in respect of whom a judge has made an order under subsection (4), and where the periods with respect to the taking of appeals from that order have expired and any appeal from that order taken under subsection (5) has been determined, direct that the property, or the part of it to which the interest of the applicant relates, be returned to the applicant; or an amount equal to the value of the interest of the applicant, as declared in the order, be paid to the applicant. Appeals from orders under subsection 17(2) Any person who, in their opinion, is aggrieved by an order made under subsection 17(2) may appeal from the order as if the order were an appeal against conviction or against a judgment or verdict of acquittal, as the case may be, under Part XXI of the Criminal Code, and that Part applies, with such modifications as the circumstances require, in respect of such an appeal. Suspension of order pending appeal Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the operation of an order made in respect of property under subsection 16(1), 17(2) or 20(4) is suspended pending any application made in respect of the property under any of those provisions or any other provision of this or any other Act of Parliament that provides for restoration or forfeiture of the property, or any appeal taken from an order of forfeiture or restoration in respect of the property, and the property shall not be disposed of or otherwise dealt with until thirty days have expired after an order is made under any of those provisions. Return A peace officer, inspector or prescribed person who seizes, finds or otherwise acquires a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property may return it to the person who is its lawful owner or who is lawfully entitled to its possession if the peace officer, inspector or prescribed person is satisfied that there is no dispute as to who is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession of the substance, precursor or property; and that the continued detention of the substance, precursor or property is not required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament. Receipt When the substance, precursor or property is returned, the peace officer, inspector or prescribed person shall obtain a receipt for it. Report by peace officer In the case of a seizure made under section 11 of this Act, the Criminal Code or a power of seizure at common law, the peace officer shall make a report about the return to the justice who issued the warrant or another justice for the same territorial division or, if a warrant was not issued, a justice who would have had jurisdiction to issue a warrant. Application for return If a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property has been seized, found or otherwise acquired by a peace officer, inspector or prescribed person, any person may, within 60 days after the date of the seizure, finding or acquisition, on prior notification being given to the Attorney General in the prescribed manner, apply, by notice in writing to a justice in the jurisdiction in which it is being detained, for an order to return it to the person.

Order to return as soon as practicable If, on the hearing of an application made under subsection (1), a justice is satisfied that an applicant is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession of the substance, precursor or property and the Attorney General does not indicate that it or a portion of it may be required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, the justice shall, subject to subsection (5), order that it or the portion be returned as soon as practicable to the applicant. Order to return at specified time If, on the hearing of an application made under subsection (1), a justice is satisfied that an applicant is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession of the substance, precursor or property but the Attorney General indicates that it or a portion of it may be required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, the justice shall, subject to subsection (5), order that it or the portion be returned to the applicant on the expiry of 180 days after the day on which the application was made, if no proceeding in relation to it has been commenced before that time; or on the final conclusion of the proceeding or any other proceeding in relation to it, if the applicant is not found guilty in those proceedings of an offence committed in relation to it. Forfeiture order If, on the hearing of an application made under subsection (1), a justice is not satisfied that an applicant is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession of the substance, precursor or property, and it or a portion of it is not required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, the justice shall order that it or the portion be forfeited to Her Majesty to be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the regulations or, if there are no applicable regulations, in the manner that the Minister directs. Payment of compensation in lieu If, on the hearing of an application made under subsection (1), a justice is satisfied that an applicant is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession of the substance, precursor or property, but it was disposed of or otherwise dealt with under section 26, the justice shall order that an amount equal to its value be paid to the applicant. Forfeiture if no application If no application for the return of a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property has been made under subsection 24(1) within 60 days after the date of the seizure, finding or acquisition by a peace officer, inspector or prescribed person and it or a portion of it is not required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, it or the portion is forfeited to Her Majesty and may be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the regulations or, if there are no applicable regulations, in the manner that the Minister directs. Expedited disposition If a precursor or chemical offence-related property — whose storage or handling poses a risk to health or safety — or a controlled substance, or a portion of any of them, is not required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, it or the portion may be disposed of or otherwise dealt with by the Minister, a peace officer or a prescribed person in accordance with the regulations or, if there are no applicable regulations, in the manner that the Minister directs. Disposition following proceedings Subject to section 24, if, in a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, the court before which the proceedings have been brought is satisfied that any controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property that is the subject of proceedings before the court is no longer required by that court or any other court, the court shall if it is satisfied that the person from whom the substance, precursor or property was seized came into possession of it lawfully and continued to deal with it lawfully, order that it be returned to the person, or if it is satisfied that possession of the substance, precursor or property by the person from whom it was seized is unlawful and the person who is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to its possession is known, order that it be returned to the person who is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to its possession; and may, if it is not satisfied that the substance, precursor or property should be returned under subparagraph (a)(i) or (ii) or if possession of it by the person from whom it was seized is unlawful and the person who is the lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to its possession is not known, order that it be forfeited to Her Majesty to be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the regulations or, if there are no applicable regulations, in the manner that the Minister directs. Disposition with consent If a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property has been seized, found or otherwise acquired by a peace officer, inspector or prescribed person and it or a portion of it is not required for the purposes of a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this Act or any other Act of Parliament, the person who is its lawful owner may consent to its disposition, and when that consent is given, it or the portion is forfeited to Her Majesty and may be disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the regulations or, if there are no applicable regulations, in the manner that the Minister directs. Report of disposition Subject to the regulations, every peace officer, inspector or prescribed person who disposes of or otherwise deals with a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property under this Division shall, within 30 days, prepare a report setting out the following information and cause the report to be sent to the Minister : the substance, precursor or property; the amount of it that was disposed of or otherwise dealt with; the manner in which it was disposed of or otherwise dealt with; the date on which it was disposed of or otherwise dealt with; the name of the police force, agency or entity to which the peace officer, inspector or prescribed person belongs; the number of the file or police report related to the disposition of it or other dealing with it; and any other prescribed information. For the purposes of subsection (1), dealing with a controlled substance, precursor or chemical offence-related property by a peace officer includes using it to conduct an investigation or for training purposes. Designation of inspectors The Minister may designate, in accordance with the regulations made pursuant to paragraph 55(1)(n), any person as an inspector for the purposes of this Act and the regulations. Certificate Every inspector shall be provided with a certificate of designation in a form established by the Minister and, on entering any place under subsection 31(1), shall, on request, produce the certificate to the person in charge of the place. Powers of inspector Subject to subsection (2), an inspector may, for a purpose related to verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations, enter any place, including a conveyance, referred to in subsection (1.1) and may for that purpose open and examine any receptacle or package found in that place in which a controlled substance, precursor or designated device may be found; examine any thing found in that place that is used or may be capable of being used for the production, preservation, packaging or storage of a controlled substance or a precursor; examine any labels or advertising material or records, books, electronic data or other documents found in that place with respect to any controlled substance, precursor, or designated device other than the records of the medical condition of persons, and make copies thereof or take extracts therefrom; use or cause to be used any computer system at that place to examine any electronic data referred to in paragraph (c); reproduce any document from any electronic data referred to in paragraph (c) or cause it to be reproduced, in the form of a printout or other output; take the labels or advertising material or records, books or other documents referred to in paragraph (c) or the printout or other output referred to in paragraph (e) for examination or copying; use or cause to be used any copying equipment at that place to make copies of any document; take photographs and make recordings and sketches; examine any substance found in that place and take, for the purpose of analysis, such samples thereof as are reasonably required; seize and detain, in accordance with this Part, any controlled substance, precursor, designated device or conveyance found in that place the seizure and detention of which the inspector believes on reasonable grounds are necessary; order the owner or person having possession, care or control of any controlled substance, precursor, designated device or other thing to which the provisions of this Act or the regulations apply that is found in that place to move it or, for any time that may be necessary, not to move it or to restrict its movement; order the owner or person having possession, care or control of any conveyance that is found in that place and that the inspector believes on reasonable grounds contains a controlled substance, precursor or designated device to stop the conveyance, to move it or, for any time that may be necessary, not to move it or to restrict its movement; order any person in that place to establish their identity to the inspector’s satisfaction; and order a person who, at that place, conducts an activity to which the provisions of this Act or the regulations apply to stop or start the activity. Place For the purposes of subsection (1), the inspector may only enter a place in which they believe on reasonable grounds a controlled substance, precursor, designated device or document relating to the administration of this Act or the regulations is located; an activity could be conducted under a licence, permit, authorization or exemption that is under consideration by the Minister; an activity to which the provisions of this Act or the regulations apply is being conducted; or an activity was being conducted under a licence, permit, authorization or exemption before the expiry or revocation of the licence, permit, authorization or exemption, in which case the inspector may enter the place only within 45 days after the day on which it expired or was revoked. Means of telecommunication For the purposes of subsections (1) and (1.1), an inspector is considered to have entered a place when they access it remotely by a means of telecommunication. Limitation — access by means of telecommunication An inspector who enters remotely, by a means of telecommunication, a place that is not accessible to the public must do so with the knowledge of the owner or person in charge of the place and only for the period necessary for any purpose referred to in subsection (1). Person accompanying inspector An inspector may be accompanied by any other person that the inspector believes is necessary to help them exercise their powers or perform their duties or functions under this section. Entering private property An inspector and any person accompanying them may enter and pass through private property, other than a dwelling-house on that property, in order to gain entry to a place referred to in subsection (1.1). Warrant to enter dwelling-house In the case of a dwelling-house, an inspector may enter it only with the consent of an occupant or under the authority of a warrant issued under subsection (3). Authority to issue warrant A justice may, on ex parte application, issue a warrant authorizing the inspector named in it to enter a place and exercise any of the powers mentioned in paragraphs (1)(a) to (m), subject to any conditions that are specified in the warrant, if the justice is satisfied by information on oath that the place is a dwelling-house but otherwise meets the conditions for entry described in subsections (1) and (1.1); entry to the dwelling-house is necessary for the purpose of verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations; and entry to the dwelling-house has been refused or there are reasonable grounds to believe that entry will be refused. Use of force In executing a warrant issued under subsection (3), an inspector shall not use force unless the inspector is accompanied by a peace officer and the use of force is specifically authorized in the warrant. Assistance to inspector The owner or other person in charge of a place entered by an inspector and every person found there shall give the inspector all reasonable assistance in that person’s power and provide the inspector with any information that the inspector may reasonably require. Storage Anything that is seized and detained by an inspector under this section may, at the inspector’s discretion, be kept or stored at the place where it was seized or, at the inspector’s direction, be removed to any other proper place. An inspector who seizes anything under this section shall take any measures that are reasonable in the circumstances to give to the owner or other person in charge of the place where the seizure occurred notice of the seizure and of the location where the thing is being kept or stored. Return by inspector If an inspector determines that to verify compliance or prevent non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations it is no longer necessary to detain anything seized by the inspector under this section, the inspector shall notify in writing the owner or other person in charge of the place where the seizure occurred of that determination and, on being issued a receipt for it, shall return the thing to that person. Return or disposition by Minister If a period of 120 days has elapsed after the date of a seizure under this section and the thing has not been returned, disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with subsection (8) or any of sections 24 to 27, it shall be returned, disposed of or otherwise dealt with in accordance with the regulations or, if there are no applicable regulations, in the manner that the Minister directs. Obstructing inspector No person shall, by act or omission, obstruct an inspector who is engaged in the exercise of their powers or the performance of their duties or functions under this Act or the regulations. False statements No person shall knowingly make any false or misleading statement verbally or in writing to an inspector who is engaged in the exercise of their powers or the performance of their duties or functions under this Act or the regulations. Interference No person shall, without the authority of an inspector, remove, alter or interfere in any way with anything seized, detained or taken under section 31. Designation of regulations The Governor in Council may, by regulation, designate any regulation made under this Act (in this Part referred to as a “designated regulation”) as a regulation the contravention of which shall be dealt with under this Part. Contravention of designated regulation Where the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has contravened a designated regulation, the Minister shall in the prescribed manner, serve a notice to appear on the person; and send a copy of the notice to appear to an adjudicator and direct the adjudicator to conduct a hearing to determine whether the contravention has occurred and to notify the Minister of the adjudicator’s determination. Interim order Where the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that a person has contravened a designated regulation and the Minister is of the opinion that, as a result of that contravention, there is a substantial risk of immediate danger to the health or safety of any person, the Minister may, without giving prior notice to the person believed to have contravened the designated regulation, make an interim order in respect of the person prohibiting the person from doing anything that the person would otherwise be permitted to do under their licence, permit or authorization, or subjecting the doing of anything under the designated regulation by the person to the terms and conditions specified in the interim order, and may, for that purpose, suspend, cancel or amend the licence, permit or authorization issued or granted to the person or take any other measures set out in the regulations. Where the Minister makes an interim order under subsection (1), the Minister shall forthwith in the prescribed manner, serve the interim order on the person; send a copy of the interim order and the notice to appear to an adjudicator and direct the adjudicator to conduct a hearing to determine whether the contravention has occurred and to notify the Minister of the adjudicator’s determination. Hearing by adjudicator Where an adjudicator receives from the Minister a copy of a notice to appear under paragraph 34(b) or 35(2)(c), the adjudicator shall conduct a hearing on a date to be fixed by the adjudicator at the request of the person on whom the notice was served, on two days notice being given to the adjudicator, which hearing date may not in the case of a notice served under paragraph 34(a), be less than thirty days, or more than forty-five days, after the day of service of the notice; or in the case of a notice served under paragraph 35(2)(b), be less than three days, or more than forty-five days, after the day of service of the notice. Change of hearing date Where the adjudicator is unable to conduct a hearing on the date referred to in subsection (1), the adjudicator shall forthwith notify the person and fix, for the purpose of holding the hearing, the earliest possible date to which the adjudicator and the person agree. Proceedings on default Where an adjudicator has received a copy of a notice to appear referred to in subsection (1) and where the person on whom the notice is served has not requested a date for a hearing within forty-five days after the notice was served on that person, or where the person, having requested a hearing, fails to appear for the hearing, the adjudicator shall proceed to make a determination in the absence of the person. Time and place An adjudicator may, subject to the regulations, determine the time and place of any hearing or other proceeding under this Part. Notice to appear A notice to appear served on a person under paragraph 34(a) or 35(2)(b) shall specify the designated regulation that the Minister believes the person has contravened; state the grounds on which the Minister believes the contravention has occurred; state that the matter has been referred to an adjudicator for a hearing to be conducted on a date within the applicable period described in paragraph 36(1)(a) or (b); and set out such other information as is prescribed. Proof of service Proof of service of any notice, order or interim order under this Part shall be given in the prescribed manner. Powers of adjudicator For the purposes of this Act, an adjudicator has and may exercise the powers of a person appointed as a commissioner under Part I of the Inquiries Act. Hearing procedure An adjudicator shall deal with all matters as informally and expeditiously as the circumstances and considerations of fairness and natural justice permit. Determination by adjudicator An adjudicator shall, after the conclusion of a hearing referred to in subsection 36(1) or a proceeding referred to in subsection 36(3), within the prescribed time, make a determination that the person who is the subject of the hearing or proceeding contravened or did not contravene the designated regulation. Notice of determination Where an adjudicator has made a determination under subsection (1), the adjudicator shall forthwith notify the person and the Minister of the adjudicator’s determination and the reasons; and where the adjudicator has determined that the person has contravened the designated regulation, notify the person of the opportunity to make representations to the Minister in writing in accordance with the regulations and within the prescribed time. Ministerial orders Where an adjudicator has made a determination referred to in paragraph (2)(b) and the Minister has considered the determination and any representations referred to in that paragraph, the Minister shall forthwith make an order prohibiting the person from doing anything that they would, if they were in compliance with the designated regulation, be permitted to do, or subjecting the doing of anything under the designated regulation by the person to the terms and conditions specified in the order, and may, for that purpose, suspend, cancel or amend any licence, permit or authorization issued or granted to the person under the regulations or take any other measures set out in the regulations. An order made under subsection (3) shall be served on the person to whom it is directed in the prescribed manner. Effect of order An interim order made under subsection 35(1) and an order made under subsection 41(3) have effect from the time that they are served on the person to whom they are directed. Cessation of effect An interim order that was made in respect of a person believed to have contravened a designated regulation ceases to have effect where the Minister makes an order under subsection 41(3), at the time the order is served on the person; and where an adjudicator has determined that the person did not contravene the designated regulation, at the time the adjudicator makes the determination. Application to revoke order A person in respect of whom an order was made under subsection 41(3) may make an application in writing to the Minister in accordance with the regulations to revoke the order. Revocation of order The Minister may, in the prescribed circumstances, revoke, in whole or in part, any order made under subsection 41(3). Offence for contravention of order Every person commits an offence who contravenes an order or an interim order made under this Part. Designation of analysts The Minister may designate, in accordance with the regulations made pursuant to paragraph 55(1)(o), any person as an analyst for the purposes of this Act and the regulations. Analysis A peace officer, inspector or prescribed person may submit to an analyst for analysis or examination any substance or sample of it taken by the peace officer, inspector or prescribed person. An analyst who has made an analysis or examination under subsection (1) may prepare a certificate or report stating that the analyst has analysed or examined a substance or a sample thereof and setting out the results of the analysis or examination. Provision of information The Minister may, by order, require a person who is authorized under this Act to conduct activities in relation to controlled substances or precursors or a person who imports designated devices to provide the Minister, in the time and manner that the Minister specifies, with any information respecting those activities that the Minister considers necessary to verify compliance or prevent non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations; or to address an issue of public health or safety. Measures The Minister may, by order, require a person who is authorized under this Act to conduct activities in relation to controlled substances or precursors to take measures, in the time and manner that the Minister specifies, to prevent non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations or, if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that there is such non-compliance, to remedy it. Review officer The Minister may designate any qualified individual or class of qualified individuals as review officers for the purpose of reviewing orders under section 45.4. Request for review Subject to any other provision of this section, an order that is made under section 45.1 or 45.2 shall be reviewed on the written request of the person who was ordered to provide information or to take measures — but only on grounds that involve questions of fact alone or questions of mixed law and fact — by a review officer other than the individual who made the order. Contents of and time for making request The request shall state the grounds for review and set out the evidence — including evidence that was not considered by the individual who made the order — that supports those grounds and the decision that is sought. It shall be provided to the Minister within seven days after the day on which the order was provided. No authority to review The review is not to be done if the request does not comply with subsection (2) or is frivolous, vexatious or not made in good faith. Reasons for refusal The person who made the request shall, without delay, be notified in writing of the reasons for not doing the review. Review initiated by review officer A review officer — other than the individual who made the order — may review an order, whether or not a request is made under subsection (1). Order in effect An order continues to apply during a review unless the review officer decides otherwise. Completion of review A review officer shall complete the review no later than 30 days after the day on which the request is provided to the Minister. Extension of period for review The review officer may extend the review period by no more than 30 days if they are of the opinion that more time is required to complete the review. They may extend the review period more than once. Reasons for extension If the review period is extended, the person who made the request shall, without delay, be notified in writing of the reasons for extending it. Decision on completion of review On completion of a review, the review officer shall confirm, amend, terminate or cancel the order. Written notice The person who made the request or, if there is no request, the person who was ordered to provide information or to take measures shall, without delay, be notified in writing of the reasons for the review officer’s decision under subsection (10). Effect of amendment An order that is amended is subject to review under this section. Statutory Instruments Act The Statutory Instruments Act does not apply in respect of an order made under section 45.1 or 45.2. Penalty Every person who contravenes a provision of this Act for which punishment is not otherwise provided, a provision of a regulation or an order made under section 45.1 or 45.2 is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to a fine of not more than $5,000,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or to both; or is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable, for a first offence, to a fine of not more than $250,000 or imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both, and, for any subsequent offence, to a fine of not more than $500,000 or imprisonment for a term of not more than 18 months, or to both. Offence of making false or deceptive statements No person shall knowingly make, or participate in, assent to or acquiesce in the making of, a false or misleading statement in any book, record, return or other document however recorded, required to be maintained, made or furnished under this Act or the regulations. Compliance with terms and conditions The holder of a licence, permit, authorization or exemption shall comply with its terms and conditions. Importation of designated device No person shall import into Canada a designated device unless they register the importation with the Minister. Information for registration The following information shall be submitted to the Minister for the purpose of registering the importation of a designated device : the name of the person importing the designated device or, if the person is a corporation, the corporate name and any other name registered with a province, under which the person carries out its activities or identifies itself; the person’s address or, if the person is a corporation, the address of its primary place of business in Canada; a description of the designated device, including the model number, serial number, and the brand name or trademark associated with it, if any; the address where the designated device will be delivered as well as the street address of the premises where it will be used by the person importing it; the name of the customs office where the importation is anticipated; and the anticipated date of importation. Registration After the Minister receives the information, the Minister shall register the importation and provide proof of the registration to the person importing the designated device. Proof of registration The person importing the designated device shall provide the proof of the registration of its importation to the customs office at the time specified by the regulations or, if no time is specified by the regulations, at the time of importation. Refusal or cancellation The Minister may refuse to register or cancel the registration of the importation of a designated device if the Minister believes on reasonable grounds that false or misleading information was provided, or it is necessary to do so to protect public health or safety or for any other prescribed reason. Disclosure of information — designated device The Minister is authorized to disclose to the Canada Border Services Agency or an officer, as defined in section 2(1) of the Customs Act, any information submitted under subsection (2) for the purpose of verifying compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations. Disclosure of information to police force The Minister is authorized to disclose any information submitted under subsection (2) to a Canadian police force or a member of a Canadian police force who requests the information in the course of an investigation under this Act. Time limit No summary conviction proceedings in respect of an offence under subsection 4(2) or 32(2) or the regulations or in respect of a contravention of an order made under section 45.1 or 45.2 shall be commenced after the expiry of one year after the time when the subject matter of the proceedings arose. Venue Proceedings in respect of a contravention of any provision of this Act or the regulations or of an order made under section 45.1 or 45.2 may be held in the place where the offence was committed or where the subject matter of the proceedings arose or in any place where the accused is apprehended or happens to be located. Burden of proving exception, etc. No exception, exemption, excuse or qualification prescribed by law is required to be set out or negatived, as the case may be, in an information or indictment for an offence under this Act or the regulations or under section 463, 464 or 465 of the Criminal Code in respect of such an offence. In any prosecution under this Act, the prosecutor is not required, except by way of rebuttal, to prove that a certificate, licence, permit or other qualification does not operate in favour of the accused, whether or not the qualification is set out in the information or indictment. Copies of documents A copy of any document filed with a department, ministry, agency, municipality or other body established by or pursuant to a law of a province, or of any statement containing information from the records kept by any such department, ministry, agency, municipality or body, purporting to be certified by any official having custody of that document or those records, is admissible in evidence in any prosecution for an offence referred to in subsection 48(1) and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof of the facts contained in that document or statement, without proof of the signature or official character of the person purporting to have certified it. Authentication For the purposes of subsection (1), an engraved, lithographed, photocopied, photographed, printed or otherwise electronically or mechanically reproduced facsimile signature of an official referred to in that subsection is sufficient authentication of any copy referred to in that subsection. Evidence inadmissible under this section Nothing in subsection (1) renders admissible in evidence in any legal proceeding such part of any record as is proved to be a record made in the course of an investigation or inquiry. Certificate issued under regulations Subject to subsection (2), any certificate or other document issued under regulations made under paragraph 55(2)(c) or (2.1)(c) is admissible in evidence in a preliminary inquiry, trial or other proceeding under this or any other Act of Parliament and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof that the certificate or other document was validly issued and of the facts contained in it, without proof of the signature or official character of the person purporting to have certified it. Certificate issued pursuant to regulations The defence may, with leave of the court, require that the person who issued the certificate or other document produce an affidavit or solemn declaration attesting to any of the matters deemed to be proved under subsection (1); or appear before the court for examination or cross-examination in respect of the issuance of the certificate or other document. Certificate or report of analyst A certificate or report prepared by an analyst under subsection 45(2) is admissible in evidence in any prosecution for an offence under this Act or any other Act of Parliament and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof of the statements set out in the certificate or report, without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it. Attendance of analyst The party against whom a certificate or report of an analyst is produced under subsection (1) may, with leave of the court, require the attendance of the analyst for the purpose of cross-examination. [Repealed, 2017, c. 7, s. 38] Proof of notice For the purposes of this Act and the regulations, the giving of any notice, whether orally or in writing, or the service of any document may be proved by the oral evidence of, or by the affidavit or solemn declaration of, the person claiming to have given that notice or served that document. Notwithstanding subsection (1), the court may require the affiant or declarant to appear before it for examination or cross-examination in respect of the giving of notice or proof of service. Continuity of possession In any proceeding under this Act or the regulations, continuity of possession of any exhibit tendered as evidence in that proceeding may be proved by the testimony of, or the affidavit or solemn declaration of, the person claiming to have had it in their possession. Alternative method of proof Where an affidavit or solemn declaration is offered in proof of continuity of possession under subsection (1), the court may require the affiant or declarant to appear before it for examination or cross-examination in respect of the issue of continuity of possession. Copies of records, books or documents Where any record, book, electronic data or other document is examined or seized under this Act or the regulations, the Minister, or the officer by whom the record, book, electronic data or other document is examined or seized, may make or cause to be made one or more copies thereof, and a copy of any such record, book, electronic data or other document purporting to be certified by the Minister or a person authorized by the Minister is admissible in evidence and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, has the same probative force as the original record, book, electronic data or other document would have had if it had been proved in the ordinary way. Advice of experts The Minister may engage the services of persons having technical or specialized knowledge to advise the Minister in respect of his or her powers, duties or functions under this Act and, with the approval of the Treasury Board, fix their remuneration. The Governor in Council may make regulations for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Act, including the regulation of the medical, scientific and industrial applications and distribution of controlled substances and precursors and the enforcement of this Act, as well as the regulation of designated devices and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, may make regulations governing, controlling, limiting, authorizing the importation into Canada, exportation from Canada, production, packaging, sending, transportation, delivery, sale, provision, administration, possession or obtaining of or other dealing in any controlled substances or precursor or any class thereof; respecting the circumstances in which, the conditions subject to which and the persons or classes of persons by whom any controlled substances or precursor or any class thereof may be imported into Canada, exported from Canada, produced, packaged, sent, transported, delivered, sold, provided, administered, possessed, obtained or otherwise dealt in, as well as the means by which and the persons or classes of persons by whom such activities may be authorized; respecting the issuance, suspension, cancellation, duration and terms and conditions of any licence or authorization or class of licences or authorizations for any dealing in any substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI or any class of those substances, including the importation into Canada, exportation from Canada, production, packaging, sale, provision, administration, possession, transportation, sending or delivery of the substance or class of substances; respecting the issuance, suspension, cancellation, duration and terms and conditions of any permit for the importation into Canada, exportation from Canada or production of a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI or any class of those substances as well as the amount of those substances or any class of those substances that may be imported, exported or produced under such a permit; authorizing the Minister to impose terms and conditions on any licence, authorization or permit, including existing licences, authorizations or permits, and to amend those terms and conditions; prescribing the fees payable on application for any of the licences or permits; respecting the method of production, preservation, testing, packaging or storage of any controlled substance or precursor or any class thereof; respecting the premises, processes or conditions for the production or sale of any controlled substance or any class thereof, and deeming such premises, processes or conditions to be or not to be suitable for the purposes of the regulations; respecting the qualifications of persons who are engaged in the production, preservation, testing, packaging, storage, selling, providing or otherwise dealing in any controlled substance or precursor or any class of any controlled substance or precursor and who do so under the supervision of a person licensed or authorized under the regulations to do any such thing; prescribing standards of composition, strength, concentration, potency, purity or quality or any other property of any controlled substance or precursor; respecting the labelling, packaging, size, dimensions, fill and other specifications of packages used for the importation into Canada, exportation from Canada, sending, transportation, delivery, sale or provision of or other dealing in any substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI or any class thereof; respecting the distribution of samples of any substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI or any class thereof; controlling and limiting the advertising for sale of any controlled substance or precursor or any class thereof; respecting records, reports, electronic data or other documents in respect of controlled substances, precursors or designated devices that are required to be kept and provided by any person or class of persons; respecting the qualifications for inspectors and their powers, duties and functions in relation to verifying compliance or preventing non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations; respecting the qualifications for analysts and their powers and duties; respecting the detention and disposition of or otherwise dealing with any controlled substance, precursor, designated device, offence-related property or conveyance; [Repealed, 2017, c. 7, s. 40] respecting the taking of samples of substances under paragraph 31(1)(h); respecting the collection, use, retention, disclosure and disposal of information; respecting the making, serving, filing and manner of proving service of any notice, order, report or other document required or authorized under this Act or the regulations; [Repealed, 2026, c. 4, s. 7] prescribing forms for the purposes of this Act or the regulations; establishing classes or groups of controlled substances, precursors or designated devices; respecting the provision of information under section 45.1; respecting the measures referred to in section 45.2; respecting the review of orders under section 45.4; exempting, on any terms and conditions that are specified in the regulations, any person or class of persons or any controlled substance, precursor, designated device or any class of controlled substances, precursors or designated devices from the application of all or any of the provisions of this Act or the regulations; respecting the registration of the importation of any designated device or class of designated devices, including the time that proof of registration must be provided; and prescribing anything that, by this Act, is to be or may be prescribed. The Governor in Council may make regulations for carrying out the purposes of section 56.1, including defining terms for the purposes of that section; respecting any information to be submitted to the Minister and the manner in which it is to be submitted; respecting the circumstances in which an exemption may be granted; respecting requirements in relation to an application for an exemption made under subsection 56.1(1); and respecting terms and conditions in relation to an exemption granted under subsection 56.1(1). Regulations pertaining to law enforcement The Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, may make regulations that pertain to investigations and other law enforcement activities conducted under this Act by a member of a police force or of the military police and other persons acting under the direction and control of the member and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, may make regulations authorizing, for the purposes of this subsection, the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness or the provincial minister responsible for policing in a province, as the case may be, to designate a police force within their jurisdiction, or the Minister of National Defence to designate military police; exempting, on any terms and conditions that are specified in the regulations, a member of a police force or of the military police that has been designated under paragraph (a), and other persons acting under the direction and control of the member, from the application of any provision of Part I or the regulations; exempting, on any terms and conditions that are specified in the regulations, a member of a police force or of the military police that has been designated under paragraph (a), and other persons acting under the direction and control of the member, from the application of any provision of the Criminal Code that creates the offence of conspiracy or attempt to commit, being an accessory after the fact in relation to, or counselling in relation to, an offence under this Act; respecting the issuance, suspension, cancellation, duration and terms and conditions of a certificate, other document or, in exigent circumstances, an approval to obtain a certificate or other document, that is issued to a member of a police force or of the military police that has been designated under paragraph (a) for the purpose of exempting the member from the application of any provision of this Act or the regulations; respecting the detention, storage and disposition of or other dealing with any controlled substance or precursor; respecting records, reports, electronic data or other documents in respect of a controlled substance or precursor that are required to be kept and provided by any person or class of persons; and prescribing forms for the purposes of the regulations. Regulations pertaining to law enforcement under other Acts The Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, may, for the purpose of an investigation or other law enforcement activity conducted under another Act of Parliament, make regulations authorizing a member of a police force or of the military police or other person under the direction and control of the member to commit an act or omission — or authorizing a member of a police force or of the military police to direct the commission of an act or omission — that would otherwise constitute an offence under Part I or the regulations and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, may make regulations respecting the issuance, suspension, cancellation, duration and terms and conditions of a certificate, other document or, in exigent circumstances, an approval to obtain a certificate or other document, that is issued to a member of a police force or of the military police that has been designated under paragraph (a) for the purpose of exempting the member from the application of any provision of Part I or the regulations; Incorporation by reference Any regulations made under this Act incorporating by reference a classification, standard, procedure or other specification may incorporate the classification, standard, procedure or specification as amended from time to time, and, in such a case, the reference shall be read accordingly. Exemption by Minister The Minister may, on any terms and conditions that the Minister considers necessary, exempt from the application of all or any of the provisions of this Act or the regulations any person or class of persons or any controlled substance or precursor or any class of either of them if, in the opinion of the Minister, the exemption is necessary for a medical or scientific purpose or is otherwise in the public interest. The Minister is not authorized under subsection (1) to grant an exemption for a medical purpose that would allow activities in relation to a controlled substance or precursor that is obtained in a manner not authorized under this Act to take place at a supervised consumption site. Exemption for medical purpose — supervised consumption site For the purpose of allowing certain activities to take place at a supervised consumption site, the Minister may, on any terms and conditions that the Minister considers necessary, exempt the following from the application of all or any of the provisions of this Act or the regulations if, in the opinion of the Minister, the exemption is necessary for a medical purpose: any person or class of persons in relation to a controlled substance or precursor that is obtained in a manner not authorized under this Act; or any controlled substance or precursor or any class of either of them that is obtained in a manner not authorized under this Act.

An application for an exemption under subsection (1) shall include information, submitted in the form and manner determined by the Minister, regarding the intended public health benefits of the site and information, if any, related to the impact of the site on crime rates; the local conditions indicating a need for the site; the administrative structure in place to support the site; the resources available to support the maintenance of the site; and expressions of community support or opposition. Subsequent application An application for an exemption under subsection (1) that would allow certain activities to continue to take place at a supervised consumption site shall include any update to the information provided to the Minister since the previous exemption was granted, including any information related to the public health impacts of the activities at the site. The Minister may give notice, in the form and manner determined by the Minister, of any application for an exemption under subsection (1). The notice shall indicate the period of time — not less than 45 days or more than 90 days — in which members of the public may provide the Minister with comments. Public decision After making a decision under subsection (1), the Minister shall, in writing, make the decision public and, if the decision is a refusal, include the reasons for it. A person who is responsible for the direct supervision, at a supervised consumption site, of the consumption of controlled substances, may offer a person using the site alternative pharmaceutical therapy before that person consumes a controlled substance that is obtained in a manner not authorized under this Act. Powers, duties and functions of Minister or Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness The Minister’s powers, duties or functions under this Act or the regulations — and those of the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness under the regulations — may be exercised or performed by any person designated, or any person occupying a position designated, for that purpose by the relevant Minister. Paramountcy of this Act and the regulations In the case of any inconsistency or conflict between this Act or the regulations made under it, and the Food and Drugs Act or the regulations made under that Act, this Act and the regulations made under it prevail to the extent of the inconsistency or conflict. [Repealed, 2017, c. 7, s. 44] Power to amend schedules The Governor in Council may, by order, amend any of Schedules I to IV, VI and IX by adding to them or deleting from them any item or portion of an item, if the Governor in Council considers the amendment to be necessary in the public interest. Schedule V The Minister may, by order, add to Schedule V any item or portion of an item for a period of up to one year, or extend that period by up to another year, if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that it poses a significant risk to public health or safety; or may pose a risk to public health or safety and is being imported into Canada with no legitimate purpose, or is being distributed in Canada with no legitimate purpose. Deletions The Minister may, by order, delete any item or portion of an item from Schedule V. Relevant information In making an order under subsection (1) or (2), the Minister may take into account any relevant information provided by the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. Deletion of item or portion of item An item or portion of an item is deleted from Schedule V on the earliest of the day specified in an order made under subsection (2) in relation to that item or portion of an item, the beginning of the day on which that item or portion of an item is added to any of Schedules I to IV and VI, and the end of the period set out for the item in question. Amending schedules to regulations The Governor in Council may make regulations authorizing the Minister to add to or delete from, by order, any schedule to a regulation made under this Act any substance included in Schedule V to this Act; and to make, by order, any other amendment to a schedule to a regulation made under this Act that is consequential or related to an addition or deletion referred to in paragraph (a). References to prior enactments Any reference in a designation by the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness under Part VI of the Criminal Code to an offence contrary to the Narcotic Control Act or Part III or IV of the Food and Drugs Act or any conspiracy or attempt to commit or being an accessory after the fact or any counselling in relation to such an offence shall be deemed to be a reference to an offence contrary to section 5 (trafficking), 6 (importing and exporting) or 7 (production) of this Act, as the case may be, or a conspiracy or attempt to commit or being an accessory after the fact or any counselling in relation to such an offence. Sentences for prior offences Subject to subsection (2), where, before the coming into force of this Act, a person has committed an offence under the Narcotic Control Act or Part III or IV of the Food and Drugs Act but a sentence has not been imposed on the person for that offence, a sentence shall be imposed on the person in accordance with this Act. Application of increased punishment Where any penalty, forfeiture or punishment provided by the Narcotic Control Act or section 31 or Part III or IV of the Food and Drugs Act, as those Acts read immediately before the coming into force of sections 4 to 9 of this Act, is varied by this Act, the lesser penalty, forfeiture or punishment applies in respect of any offence that was committed before the coming into force of those sections. Validation Every authorization issued by the Minister under subsection G.06.001(1) or J.01.033(1) of the Food and Drug Regulations or subsection 68(1) of the Narcotic Control Regulations before the coming into force of sections 81 and 94 of this Act is hereby declared to have been validly issued and every such authorization that is in force on the coming into force of sections 81 and 94 of this Act shall continue in force under this Act until it is revoked, as if it were an exemption made under section 56 of this Act. [Amendments] [Repeal] Coming into force This Act or any of its provisions comes into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council. [Note: Act in force May 14, 1997, see SI/97-47.] Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum), its preparations, derivatives, alkaloids and salts, including: Opium Codeine (methylmorphine) Morphine (7,8–didehydro–4,5–epoxy–17–methylmorphinan–3,6–diol) Thebaine (paramorphine) and the salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives of the substances set out in subitems (1) to (4), including: Acetorphine (acetyletorphine) Acetyldihydrocodeine (4,5–epoxy–3–methoxy–17–methylmorphinan–6–ol acetate) Benzylmorphine (7,8–didehydro–4,5–epoxy–17–methyl–3–(phenylmethoxy) morphinan–6–ol) Codoxime (dihydrocodeinone O–(carboxymethyl) oxime) Desomorphine (dihydrodeoxymorphine) Diacetylmorphine (heroin) Dihydrocodeine (4,5–epoxy–3–methoxy–17–methylmorphinan–6–ol) Dihydromorphine (4,5–epoxy–17–methylmorphinan–3,6–diol) Ethylmorphine (7,8–didehydro–4,5–epoxy–3–ethoxy–17–methylmorphinan–6–ol) Etorphine (tetrahydro–7α–(1–hydroxy–1–methyl-butyl)–6,14–endo–ethenooripavine) Hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) Hydromorphinol (dihydro–14–hydroxymorphine) Hydromorphone (dihydromorphinone) Methyldesorphine (Δ6–deoxy–6–methylmorphine) Methyldihydromorphine (dihydro–6–methylmorphine) Metopon (dihydromethylmorphinone) Morphine–N–oxide (morphine oxide) Myrophine (benzylmorphine myristate) Nalorphine (N–allylnormorphine) Nicocodine (6–nicotinylcodeine) Nicomorphine (dinicotinylmorphine) Norcodeine (N–desmethylcodeine) Normorphine (N–desmethylmorphine) Oxycodone (dihydrohydroxycodeinone) Oxymorphone (dihydrohydroxymorphinone) Pholcodine (3–[2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl]morphine) Thebacon (acetyldihydrocodeinone) but not including Apomorphine (5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol) and its salts Cyprenorphine (N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-6,7,8,14-tetrahydro-7α-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6,14-endo-ethenonororipavine) and its salts Nalmefene (17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-6-methylenemorphinan-3,14-diol) and its salts Naloxone (4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(2-propenyl)morphinan-6-one) and its salts Naltrexone (17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one) and its salts Methylnaltrexone (17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-methyl-6-oxomorphinanium) and its salts Naloxegol (4,5α-epoxy-6α-(3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxadocos-1-yloxy)-17-(2-propenyl)morphinan-3,14-diol) and its salts Narcotine (6,7-dimethoxy-3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3-dioxolo [4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone) and its salts Papaverine (1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline) and its salts Poppy seed Coca (Erythroxylum), its preparations, derivatives, alkaloids and salts, including: Coca leaves Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) Ecgonine (3–hydroxy–2–tropane carboxylic acid) 123l-ioflupane Phenylpiperidines, their intermediates, salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of intermediates, derivatives and analogues, including: Allylprodine (3–allyl–1–methyl–4–phenyl–4–piperidinol propionate) Alphameprodine (α–3–ethyl–1–methyl–4–phenyl–4–piperidinol propionate) Alphaprodine (α–1,3–dimethyl–4–phenyl–4–piperidinol propionate) Anileridine (ethyl 1–[2–(p–aminophenyl)ethyl]–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Betameprodine (ß–3–ethyl–1–methyl–4–phenyl–4–piperidinol propionate) Betaprodine (ß–1,3–dimethyl–4–phenyl–4–piperidinol propionate) Benzethidine (ethyl 1–(2–benzyloxyethyl)–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Diphenoxylate (ethyl 1–(3–cyano–3,3–diphenylpropyl)–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Difenoxin (1–(3–cyano–3,3–diphenylpropyl)–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Etoxeridine (ethyl 1–[2–(2–hydroxyethoxy) ethyl]–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Furethidine (ethyl 1–(2–tetrahydrofurfury loxyethyl)–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Hydroxypethidine (ethyl 4–(m–hydroxyphenyl)–1–methylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Ketobemidone (1–[4–(m–hydroxyphenyl)–1–methyl–4–piperidyl]–1–propanone) Methylphenylisonipecotonitrile (4–cyano–1–methyl–4–phenylpiperidine) Morpheridine (ethyl 1–(2–morpholinoethyl)–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Norpethidine (ethyl 4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Pethidine (ethyl 1–methyl–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Phenoperidine (ethyl 1–(3–hydroxy–3–phenylpropyl)–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Piminodine (ethyl 1–[3–(phenylamino)propyl]–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Properidine (isopropyl 1–methyl–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Trimeperidine (1,2,5–trimethyl–4–phenyl–4–piperidinol propionate) Pethidine Intermediate C (1–methyl–4–phenylpiperidine–4–carboxylate) Carperidine (ethyl 1-(2-carbamylethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate) and its salts Oxpheneridine (ethyl 1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate) and its salts Phenazepines, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Proheptazine (hexahydro–1,3–dimethyl–4–phenyl–1H–azepin–4–ol propionate) Ethoheptazine (ethyl hexahydro-1-methyl-4-phenylazepine-4-carboxylate) and its salts Metethoheptazine (ethyl hexahydro-1,3-dimethyl-4-phenylazepine-4-carboxylate) and its salts Metheptazine (methylhexahydro-1,2-dimethyl-4-phenylazepine-4-carboxylate) and its salts Amidones, their intermediates, salts, derivatives and salts of intermediates and derivatives including: Dimethylaminodiphenylbutanonitrile (4–cyano–2–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenylbutane) Dipipanone (4,4–diphenyl–6–piperidino–3–heptanone) Isomethadone (6–dimethylamino–5–methyl–4,4–diphenyl–3–hexanone) Methadone (6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanone) Normethadone (6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–hexanone) Norpipanone (4,4–diphenyl–6–piperidino–3–hexanone) Phenadoxone (6–morpholino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanone) Methadols, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Acetylmethadol (6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol acetate) Alphacetylmethadol (α–6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol acetate) Alphamethadol (α–6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol) Betacetylmethadol (ß–6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol acetate) Betamethadol (ß–6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol) Dimepheptanol (6–dimethylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol) Noracymethadol (α–6–methylamino–4,4–diphenyl–3–heptanol acetate) Phenalkoxams, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Dimenoxadol (dimethylaminoethyl 1–ethoxy–1,1–diphenylacetate) Dioxaphetyl butyrate (ethyl 2,2–diphenyl–4–morpholinobutyrate) Dextropropoxyphene ([S–(R*,S*)]–α–[2–(dimethylamino)–1–methylethyl]–α–phenylbenzeneethanol, propanoate ester) Thiambutenes, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Diethylthiambutene (N,N–diethyl–1–methyl–3,3–di–2–thienylallylamine) Dimethylthiambutene (N,N,1–trimethyl–3,3–di–2–thienylallylamine) Ethylmethylthiambutene (N–ethyl–N,1–dimethyl–3,3–di–2–thienylallylamine) Moramides, their intermediates, salts, derivatives and salts of intermediates and derivatives including: Dextromoramide (d–1–(3–methyl–4–morpholino–2,2–diphenylbutyryl)pyrrolidine) Diphenylmorpholinoisovaleric acid (2–methyl–3–morpholino–1,1–diphenylpropionic acid) Levomoramide (l–1–(3–methyl–4–morpholino–2,2–diphenylbutyryl)pyrrolidine) Racemoramide (d,l–1–(3–methyl–4–morpholino–2,2–diphenylbutyryl) pyrrolidine) Morphinans, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Buprenorphine (17–(cyclopropylmethyl)–α–(1,1–dimethylethyl)–4,5–epoxy–18,19–dihydro–3–hydroxy–6–methoxy–α–methyl–6,14–ethenomorphinan–7–methanol) Drotebanol (6ß,14–dihydroxy–3,4–dimethoxy–17–methylmorphinan) Levomethorphan (l–3–methoxy–17–methylmorphinan) Levorphanol (l–3–hydroxy–17–methylmorphinan) Levophenacylmorphan (l–3–hydroxy–17–phenacylmorphinan) Norlevorphanol (l–3–hydroxymorphinan) Phenomorphan (3–hydroxy–17–(2–phenylethyl)morphinan) Racemethorphan (d,1–3–methoxy–17–methylmorphinan) Racemorphan (d,l–3–hydroxy–N–methylmorphinan) Dextromethorphan (d-1,2,3,9,10, 10a-hexahydro-6-methoxy-11-methyl-4H-10,4a-iminoethanophenanthren) and its salts Dextrorphan (d-1,2,3,9,10,10a-hexahydro-11-methyl-4H-10,4a-iminoethanophenanthren-6-ol) and its salts Levallorphan (l-11-allyl-1,2,3,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-10,4a-iminoethanophenanthren-6-ol) and its salts Levargorphan (l-11-propargyl-1,2,3,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-10,4a-iminoethanophenanthren-6-ol) and its salts Butorphanol (l-N-cyclobutylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan) and its salts Nalbuphine (N-cyclobutylmethyl-4,5-epoxy-morphinan-3,6,14-triol) and its salts Benzazocines, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Phenazocine (1,2,3,4,5,6–hexahydro–6,11–dimethyl–3–phenethyl–2,6–methano–3–benzazocin–8–ol) Metazocine (1,2,3,4,5,6–hexahydro–3,6,11–trimethyl–2,6–methano–3–benzazocin–8–ol) Pentazocine (1,2,3,4,5,6–hexahydro–6,11–dimethyl–3–(3–methyl–2–butenyl)–2,6–methano–3–benzazocin–8–ol) Cyclazocine (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol) and its salts Ampromides, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Diampromide (N–[2–(methylphenethylamino)propyl] propionanilide) Phenampromide (N–(1–methyl–2–piperidino) ethyl) propionanilide) Propiram (N–(1–methyl–2–piperidinoethyl)–N–2–pyridylpropionamide) Benzimidazoles, their salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives including: Clonitazene (2–(p–chlorobenzyl)–1–diethylaminoethyl–5–nitrobenzimidazole) Etonitazene (2–(p–ethoxybenzyl)–1–diethylaminoethyl–5–nitrobenzimidazole) Bezitramide (1–(3–cyano–3,3–diphenylpropyl)–4–(2–oxo–3–propionyl–1–benzimidazolinyl)–piperidine) Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: Ketamine (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone) Piritramide (1–(3–cyano–3,3–diphenylpropyl)–4–(1–piperidino)piperidine–4–carboxylic acid amide), its salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives Fentanyls, their salts, derivatives, and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: Acetyl–α–methylfentanyl (N–[1–(α–methylphenethyl)–4–piperidyl] acetanilide) Alfentanil (N–[1–[2–(4–ethyl–4,5–dihydro–5–oxo–1H–tetrazol–1–yl)ethyl]–4–(methoxymethyl)–4–piperidyl]propionanilide) Carfentanil (methyl 4–[(1–oxopropyl)phenylamino]–1–(2–phenethyl)–4–piperidinecarboxylate) p–Fluorofentanyl (4′fluoro–N–(1–phenethyl–4–piperidyl) propionanilide) Fentanyl (N–(1–phenethyl–4–piperidyl) propionanilide) ß–Hydroxyfentanyl (N–[1–(ß–hydroxyphenethyl)–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) ß–Hydroxy–3–methylfentanyl (N–[1–(ß–hydroxyphenethyl)–3–methyl–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) α–Methylfentanyl (N–[1–(α–methylphenethyl)–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) α–Methylthiofentanyl (N–[1–[1–methyl–2–(2–thienyl) ethyl]–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) 3–Methylfentanyl (N–(3–methyl–1–phenethyl–4–piperidyl) propionanilide) 3–Methylthiofentanyl (N–[3–methyl–1–[2–(2–thienyl) ethyl]–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) Remifentanil (dimethyl 4-carboxy-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)-1-piperidinepropionate) Sufentanil (N–[4–(methoxymethyl)–1–[2–(2–thienyl)ethyl]–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) Thiofentanyl (N–[1–[2–(2–thienyl)ethyl]–4–piperidyl] propionanilide) 4-Anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (ANPP) (N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-amine), its derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues Tilidine (ethyl2–(dimethylamino)–1–phenyl–3–cyclohexene–1–carboxylate), its salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues Methamphetamine (N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues Amphetamines, their salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues including: amphetamine (α-methylbenzene-ethanamine) N-ethylamphetamine (N-ethyl-α-methylbenzeneethanamine) 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (STP) (2,5-dimethoxy-4,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine) 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (α-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine) 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-dimethoxy-α-methylbenzene-ethanamine) 4-methoxyamphetamine (4-methoxy-α-methylbenzene­ethanamine) 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (2,4,5-trimethoxy-α-methylbenzene­ethanamine) N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy- amphetamine (N,α-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine) 4-ethoxy-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (4-ethoxy-2,5-dimethoxy-α-methylbenzeneethanamine) 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy- amphetamine (7-methoxy-α-methyl-1,3-benzo­dioxole-5-ethanamine) N,N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N,N, α-trimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine) N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-ethyl-α-methyl-1,3-benzo­dioxole-5-ethanamine) 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOET) (4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-α-methylbenzeneethanamine) 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-α-methylbenzeneethanamine) 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-α-methyl-benzeneethanamine) 4-ethoxyamphetamine (4-ethoxy-α-methylbenzene­ethanamine) Benzphetamine (N-benzyl-N,α-dimethylbenzene­ethanamine) N-Propyl-3,4-methylenedioxy- amphetamine (α-methyl-N-propyl-1,3-benzo­dioxole-5-ethanamine) N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-α-meth-ylbenzene­ethanamine N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxy- amphetamine (N-[α-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxyla­mine) 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (3,4,5-trimethoxy-α-methylbenzene­ethanamine) Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) and any of its salts or derivatives 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB) and any of its salts Tapentadol (3-[(1R,2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl]-phenol), its salts, derivatives and isomers and salts of derivatives and isomers AH-7921 (1-(3,4-dichlorobenzamidomethyl)cyclohexyldimethylamine), its salts, isomers and salts of isomers MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues, including Diphenidine (DEP) (1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine) Methoxphenidine (2-MeO-Diphenidine, MXP) (1-[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]piperidine) Ephenidine (NEDPA, EPE) (N-ethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine) Isophenidine (NPDPA) (N-isopropyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine) Lefetamine ((-)-N,N-dimethyl-α-phenylbenzeneethanamine), its salts, derivatives and isomers and salts of derivatives and isomers W-18 (4-chloro-N-[1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-2-piperidinylidene]benzenesulfonamide), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues U-47700 (3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues, and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues, including Bromadoline (4-bromo-N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide) U-47109 (3,4-dichloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)benzamide) U-48520 (4-chloro-N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-N-methylbenzamide) U-50211 (N-(2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)-4-hydroxy-N-methylbenzamide) U-77891 (3,4-dibromo-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-1-azaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl)benzamide) Tramadol (2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol), its salts, isomers and salts of isomers and the following derivatives of tramadol and the salts, isomers and salts of isomers of those derivatives: O-desmethyltramadol (3-[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol) N,O-didesmethyltramadol (3-[1-hydroxy-2-[(methylamino)methyl]cyclohexyl]-phenol) AP-237 (1-(4-cinnamylpiperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: 2-methyl-AP-237 (1-(4-cinnamyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one) para-methyl-AP-237 ((E)-1-(4-(3-(p-tolyl)allyl)piperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one) AP-238 (1-(4-cinnamyl-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)propan-1-one) [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 204] Synthetic cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonists, their salts, derivatives, isomers, and salts of derivatives and isomers — with the exception of any substance that is identical to any phytocannabinoid and with the exception of ((3S)-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-naphthalenyl-methanone (WIN 55,212-3) and its salts — including those that fall within the following core chemical structure classes: Any substance that has a 2-(cyclohexyl)phenol structure with substitution at the 1-position of the benzene ring by a hydroxy, ether or ester group and further substituted at the 5-position of the benzene ring, whether or not further substituted on the benzene ring to any extent, and substituted at the 3’-position of the cyclohexyl ring by an alkyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, ether or ester, and whether or not further substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent, including Nabilone ((±)-trans-3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-6,6a,7,8,10,10a-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-9H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-9-one) Parahexyl (3-hexyl-6,6,9-trimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol) 3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol (DMHP) 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-(5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl)phenol (CP 55,940) 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol (CP 47,497) Any substance that has a 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent, including 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018) 1-butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073) 1-pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-122) 1-hexyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-019) 1-(4-pentenyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-022) 1-butyl-3-(4-methoxy-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-080) 1-pentyl-3-(4-methoxy-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-081) 1-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-200) 1-pentyl-3-(4-ethyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-210) 1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxy-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-267) 1-[(N-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (AM-1220) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (AM-2201) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (MAM-2201) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(4-ethyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (EAM-2201) ((3R)-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-naphthalenyl-methanone (WIN 55,212-2) Any substance that has a 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, whether or not further substituted on the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent, including 1-pentyl-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole (JWH-307) Any substance that has a 3-phenylacetylindole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent, including 1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH-250) 1-pentyl-3-(2-methylphenylacetyl)indole (JWH-251) 1-pentyl-3-(3-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH-302) Any substance that has a 3-benzoylindole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent, including 1-(1-methylpiperidin-2-ylmethyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole (AM-2233) Any substance that has a 3-methanone(cyclopropyl)indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the cyclopropyl ring to any extent, including (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone (UR-144) (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone (5F-UR-144) (1-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone (A-796,260) Any substance that has a quinolin-8-yl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the quinolin-8-yl ring to any extent, including 1-pentyl-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (PB-22) 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (5F-PB-22) Any substance that has a 3-carboxamideindazole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indazole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indazole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted at the carboxamide group to any extent, including N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AKB48) N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-AKB48) N-(1-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylpropyl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINACA) N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) Any substance that has a 3-carboxamideindole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted at the carboxamide group to any extent, including N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-fluoropentylindole-3-carboxamide (STS-135) N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-pentylindole-3-carboxamide (APICA) [Repealed, 2012, c. 1, s. 45] Methylphenidate (methyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues, including Ethylphenidate (ethyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) Isopropylphenidate (isopropyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) Propylphenidate (propyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate (methyl 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) 4-Methylmethylphenidate (methyl 2-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) 4-Fluoromethylphenidate (methyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) Methylnaphthidate (methyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) Ethylnaphthidate (ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate) Methaqualone (2–methyl–3–(2–methylphenyl)–4(3H)–quinazolinone) and any salt thereof Mecloqualone (2–methyl–3–(2–chlorophenyl)–4(3H)–quinazolinone) and any salt thereof Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (N,N–diethyllysergamide) and any salt thereof N,N–Diethyltryptamine (DET) (3–[(2–diethylamino) ethyl]indole) and any salt thereof N,N–Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (3–[(2–dimethylamino) ethyl]indole) and any salt thereof N–Methyl–3–piperidyl benzilate (LBJ) (3–[(hydroxydiphenylacetyl)oxy]–1–methylpiperidine) and any salt thereof Harmaline (4,9–dihydro–7–methoxy–1–methyl–3H–pyrido(3,4–b)indole) and any salt thereof Harmalol (4,9–dihydro–1–methyl–3H–pyrido(3,4–b)indol–7–ol) and any salt thereof Psilocin (3–[2–(dimethylamino)ethyl]–4–hydroxyindole) and any salt thereof Psilocybin (3–[2–(dimethylamino)ethyl]–4–phosphoryloxyindole) and any salt thereof N–(1–phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine (PCE) and any salt thereof 1–[1–(2–Thienyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine (TCP) and any salt thereof 1–Phenyl–N–propylcyclohexanamine and any salt thereof Rolicyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) pyrrolidine) and any salt thereof Mescaline (3,4,5–trimethoxybenzeneethanamine) and any salt thereof, but not peyote (lophophora) [Repealed, SOR/2017-249, s. 1] Cathinone ((-)-α-aminopropiophenone) and its salts Fenetylline (d,l–3,7–dihydro–1,3–dimethyl–7–(2–[(1–methyl–2–phenethyl)amino]ethyl)–1H–purine–2, 6–dione) and any salt thereof 2–Methylamino–1–phenyl–1–propanone and any salt thereof 1–[1–(Phenylmethyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine and any salt thereof 1–[1–(4–Methylphenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine and any salt thereof [Repealed, SOR/2016-73, s. 1] [Repealed, 2012, c. 1, s. 46] Aminorex (5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-amine), its salts, derivatives, isomers and analogues and salts of derivatives, isomers and analogues, including 4-Methylaminorex (4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-amine) 4,4’-Dimethylaminorex (4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-amine) Etryptamine (3-(2-aminobutyl)indole) and any salt thereof Mesocarb (3-(α-methylphenethyl)-N-(phenylcarbamoyl)sydnone imine) and any salt thereof Zipeprol (4-(2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl)-α-(methoxyphenylmethyl)-1-piperazineethanol) and any salt thereof Amineptine (7-[(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)amino]heptanoic acid) and any salt thereof Benzylpiperazine [BZP], namely 1-benzylpiperazine and its salts, isomers and salts of isomers Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine [TFMPP], namely 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine and its salts, isomers and salts of isomers 2C-phenethylamines and their salts, derivatives, isomers and salts of derivatives and isomers that correspond to the following chemical description : any substance that has a 1-amino-2-phenylethane structure substituted at the 2’ and 5’ or 2’ and 6’ positions of the benzene ring by an alkoxy or haloalkoxy group, or substituted at two adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring which results in the formation of a furan, dihydrofuran, pyran, dihydropyran or methylenedioxy group — whether or not further substituted on the benzene ring to any extent, whether or not substituted at the amino group by one or two, or a combination of, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, hydroxyl, benzyl (or benzyl substituted to any extent) or benzylene (or benzylene substituted to any extent) groups and whether or not substituted at the 2-ethyl (beta carbon) position by a hydroxyl, oxo or alkoxy group — and its salts and derivatives and salts of derivatives, including 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25B-NBOMe) 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25C-NBOMe) 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamine (2C-B) Barbiturates, their salts and derivatives including Allobarbital (5,5–diallylbarbituric acid) Alphenal (5–allyl–5–phenylbarbituric acid) Amobarbital (5–ethyl–5–(3–methylbutyl)barbituric acid) Aprobarbital (5–allyl–5–isopropylbarbituric acid) Barbital (5,5–diethylbarbituric acid) [Repealed, SOR/2017-13, s. 7] Butabarbital (5–sec–butyl–5–ethylbarbituric acid) Butalbital (5–allyl–5–isobutylbarbituric acid) Butallylonal (5–(2–bromoallyl)–5–sec–butylbarbituric acid) Butethal (5–butyl–5–ethylbarbituric acid) Cyclobarbital (5–(1–cyclohexen–1–yl)–5–ethylbarbituric acid) Cyclopal (5–allyl–5–(2–cyclopenten–1–yl)barbituric acid) Heptabarbital (5–(1–cyclohepten–1–yl)–5–ethylbarbituric acid) Hexethal (5–ethyl–5–hexylbarbituric acid) Hexobarbital (5–(1–cyclohexen–1–yl)–1,5–dimethylbarbituric acid) Mephobarbital (5–ethyl–1–methyl–5–phenylbarbituric acid) Methabarbital (5,5–diethyl–1–methylbarbituric acid) Methylphenobarbital (5–ethyl–1–methyl–5–phenylbarbituric acid) Propallylonal (5–(2–bromoallyl)–5–isopropylbarbituric acid) Pentobarbital (5–ethyl–5–(1–methylbutyl)barbituric acid) Phenobarbital (5–ethyl–5–phenylbarbituric acid) Probarbital (5–ethyl–5–isopropylbarbituric acid) Phenylmethylbarbituric Acid (5–methyl–5–phenylbarbituric acid) Secobarbital (5–allyl–5–(1–methylbutyl)barbituric acid) Sigmodal (5–(2–bromoallyl)–5–(1–methylbutyl) barbituric acid) Talbutal (5–allyl–5–sec–butylbarbituric acid) Vinbarbital (5–ethyl–5–(1–methyl–1–butenyl)barbituric acid) Vinylbital (5–(1–methylbutyl)–5–vinylbarbituric acid) Barbituric Acid (2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione) and its salts 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione) and its salts Thiobarbiturates, their salts and derivatives including: Thialbarbital (5–allyl–5–(2–cyclohexen–1–yl)–2–thiobarbituric acid) Thiamylal (5–allyl–5–(1–methylbutyl)–2–thiobarbituric acid) Thiobarbituric Acid (2–thiobarbituric acid) Thiopental (5–ethyl–5–(1–methylbutyl)–2–thiobarbituric acid) Chlorphentermine (1–(p–chlorophenyl)–2–methyl–2–aminopropane) and any salt thereof Diethylpropion (2–(diethylamino)propiophenone) and any salt thereof Phendimetrazine (d–3,4–dimethyl–2–phenylmorpholine) and any salt thereof Phenmetrazine (3–methyl–2–phenylmorpholine) and any salt thereof Pipradrol (α,α-diphenyl-2-piperidinemethanol) and its salts Phentermine (α,α–dimethylbenzeneethanamine) and any salt thereof Glutethimide (2–ethyl–2–phenylglutarimide) Clotiazepam (5–(o–chlorophenyl)–7–ethyl–1,3–dihydro–1–methyl–2H–thieno[2,3–e]–1,4–diazepin–2–one) and any salt thereof Ethchlorvynol (ethyl–2–chlorovinyl ethynyl carbinol) Ethinamate (1–ethynylcyclohexanol carbamate) Mazindol (5–(p–chlorophenyl)–2,5–dihydro–3H–imidazo[2,1–a]isoindol–5–ol) Meprobamate (2–methyl–2–propyl–1,3–propanediol dicarbamate) Methyprylon (3,3–diethyl–5–methyl–2,4–piperidinedione) Benzodiazepines, their salts and derivatives, including: Alprazolam (8–chloro–1–methyl–6–phenyl–4H–s–triazolo[4,3–a][1,4] benzodiazepine) Bromazepam (7–bromo–1,3–dihydro–5–(2–pyridyl)–2H–1, 4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine) Camazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–3–(N,N– dimethylcarbamoyl)–1–methyl–5–phenyl–2H–1, 4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Chlordiazepoxide (7–chloro–2–(methylamino)–5–phenyl–3H–1,4–benzodiazepine–4–oxide) Clobazam (7–chloro–1–methyl–5–phenyl–1H–1,5–benzodiazepine–2,4(3H,5H)–dione) Clonazepam (5–(o–chlorophenyl)–1,3–dihydro–7–nitro–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Clorazepate (7–chloro–2,3–dihydro–2,2–dihydroxy–5–phenyl–1H–1,4–benzodiazepine–3–carboxylic acid) Cloxazolam (10–chloro–11b–(o–chlorophenyl)–2,3, 7,11b–tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2–d][1,4]benzodiazepin 6–(5H)–one) Delorazepam (7–chloro–5–(o–chlorophenyl)–1,3–dihydro–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Diazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–1–methyl–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Estazolam (8–chloro–6–phenyl–4H–s–triazolo [4,3–a][1,4]benzodiazepine) Ethyl Loflazepate (ethyl 7–chloro–5–(o–fluorophenyl)–2,3–dihydro–2–oxo–1H–1,4–benzodiazepine–3–carboxylate) Fludiazepam (7–chloro–5–(o–fluorophenyl)–1,3–dihydro–1–methyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) [Repealed, SOR/98-173, s. 2] Flurazepam (7–chloro–1–[2–(diethylamino) ethyl]–5–(o–fluorophenyl)–1,3–dihydro–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Halazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–5–phenyl–1–(2,2,2–trifluoroethyl)–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Haloxazolam (10–bromo–11b–(o–fluorophenyl)–2,3,7,11b–tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2–d][1,4]benzodiazepin–6(5H)–one) Ketazolam (11–chloro–8,12b–dihydro–2,8–dimethyl–12b–phenyl–4H–[1,3]–oxazino–[3,2–d][1,4] benzodiazepine–4,7(6H)–dione) Loprazolam (6–(o–chlorophenyl)–2,4–dihydro–2–[(4–methyl–1–piperazinyl)methylene]–8–nitro–1H–imidazo[1,2–a][1,4]benzodiazepin–1–one) Lorazepam (7–chloro–5–(o–chlorophenyl)–1,3–dihydro–3–hydroxy–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Lormetazepam (7–chloro–5–(o–chlorophenyl)–1,3–dihydro–3–hydroxy–1–methyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Medazepam (7–chloro–2,3–dihydro–1–methyl–5–phenyl–1H–1,4–benzodiazepine) Midazolam (8-chloro-6-(o-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine) Nimetazepam (1,3–dihydro–1–methyl–7–nitro–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Nitrazepam (1,3–dihydro–7–nitro–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Nordazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Oxazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–3–hydroxy–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Oxazolam (10–chloro–2,3,7,11b–tetrahydro–2–methyl–11b–phenyloxazolo[3,2–d] [1,4]benzodiazepin–6(5H)–one) Pinazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–5–phenyl–1–(2–propynyl)–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Prazepam (7–chloro–1–(cyclopropylmethyl)–1, 3–dihydro–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Quazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-thione) Temazepam (7–chloro–1,3–dihydro–3–hydroxy–1–methyl–5–phenyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Tetrazepam (7–chloro–5–(cyclohexen–1–yl)–1,3–dihydro–1–methyl–2H–1,4–benzodiazepin–2–one) Triazolam (8–chloro–6–(o–chlorophenyl)–1–methyl–4H–s–triazolo[4,3–a][1,4]benzodiazepine) but not including: Clozapine (8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine) and any salt thereof Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one) and any salts or derivatives thereof Olanzapine (2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine) and its salts Clozapine N-oxide (8-chloro-11-(4-methyl-4-oxido-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine) and its salts Catha edulis Forsk, its preparations, derivatives, alkaloids and salts, including: Cathine (d–threo–2–amino–1–hydroxy–1–phenylpropane) Fencamfamin (d,l–N–ethyl–3–phenylbicyclo[2,2,1] heptan–2–amine) and any salt thereof Fenproporex (d,l–3–[(α–methylphenethyl)amino]propionitrile) and any salt thereof Mefenorex (d,l–N–(3–chloropropyl)–α–methylbenzeneethanamine) and any salt thereof Anabolic steroids and their derivatives including: Androisoxazole (17ß–hydroxy–17α–methylandrostano [3,2–c]isoxazole) Androstanolone (17ß–hydroxy–5α–androstan–3–one) Androstenediol (androst–5–ene–3ß,17ß–diol) Bolandiol (estr–4–ene–3ß,17ß–diol) Bolasterone (17ß–hydroxy–7α,17–dimethylandrost–4–en–3–one) Bolazine (17ß–hydroxy–2α–methyl–5α–androstan–3–one azine) Boldenone (17ß–hydroxyandrosta–1,4–dien–3–one) Bolenol (19–nor–17α–pregn–5–en–17–ol) Calusterone (17ß–hydroxy–7ß,17–dimethylandrost–4–en–3–one) Clostebol (4–chloro–17ß–hydroxyandrost–4–en–3–one) Drostanolone (17ß–hydroxy–2α–methyl–5α–androstan–3–one) Enestebol (4, 17ß–dihydroxy–17–methylandrosta–1,4–dien–3–one) Epitiostanol (2α, 3α–epithio–5α–androstan–17ß–ol) Ethylestrenol (19–nor–17α–pregn–4–en–17–ol) 4–Hydroxy–19–nor testosterone Fluoxymesterone (9–fluoro–11ß,17ß–dihydroxy–17–methylandrost–4–en–3–one) Formebolone (11α, 17ß–dihydroxy–17–methyl–3–oxoandrosta–1,4 di–en–2–carboxaldehyde) Furazabol (17–methyl–5α–androstano[2,3–c] furazan–17ß–ol) Mebolazine (17ß–hydroxy–2α,17–dimethyl–5α–androstan–3–one azine) Mesabolone (17ß–[(1–methoxycyclohexyl)oxy]–5α–androst–1–en–3–one) Mesterolone (17ß–hydroxy–1α–methyl–5α–androstan–3–one) Metandienone (17ß–hydroxy–17–methylandrosta–1,4–dien–3–one) Metenolone (17ß–hydroxy–1–methyl–5α–androst–1–en–3–one) Methandriol (17α–methylandrost–5–ene–3ß,17ß–diol) Methyltestosterone (17ß–hydroxy–17–methylandrost–4–en–3–one) Metribolone (17ß–hydroxy–17–methylestra–4, 9,11–trien–3–one) Mibolerone (17ß–hydroxy–7α,17–dimethylestr–4–en–3–one) Nandrolone (17ß–hydroxyestr–4–en–3–one) Norboletone (13–ethyl–17ß–hydroxy–18, 19–dinorpregn–4–en–3–one) Norclostebol (4–chloro–17ß–hydroxyestr–4–en–3–one) Norethandrolone (17α–ethyl–17ß–hydroxyestr–4–en–3–one) Oxabolone (4,17ß–dihydroxyestr–4–en–3–one) Oxandrolone (17ß–hydroxy–17–methyl–2–oxa–5α–androstan–3–one) Oxymesterone (4,17ß–dihydroxy–17–methylandrost–4–en–3–one) Oxymetholone (17ß–hydroxy–2–(hydroxymethylene)–17–methyl–5α–androstan–3–one) Prasterone (3ß–hydroxyandrost–5–en–17–one) Quinbolone (17ß–(1–cyclopenten–1–yloxy) androsta–1,4–dien–3–one) Stanozolol (17ß–hydroxy–17–methyl–5α–androstano [3,2–c]pyrazole) Stenbolone (17ß–hydroxy–2–methyl–5α–androst–1–en–3–one) Testosterone (17ß–hydroxyandrost–4–en–3–one) Tibolone ((7α,17α)-17–hydroxy–7–methyl–19–norpregn–5(10) en–20–yn–3–one) Tiomesterone (1α,7α–bis(acetylthio)–17ß –hydroxy–17–methylandrost–4–en–3–one) Trenbolone (17ß–hydroxyestra–4,9,11–trien–3–one) Zeranol (3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12–decahydro–7,14,16– trihydroxy–3–methyl–1H–2–benzoxacyclotetradecin–1–one) Zolpidem (N,N,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide) and any salt thereof Pemoline (2-amino-5-phenyl-oxazolin-4-one) and any salt thereof Pyrovalerone (4′-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)valerophenone) and any salt thereof Salvia divinorum (S. divinorum), its preparations and derivatives, including: Salvinorin A ((2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS,10bR)-9-(acetyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2H-naphtho[2,1-c]pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester) Carisoprodol (2-((carbamoyloxy)methyl)-2-methylpentyl isopropylcarbamate) [Repealed, 2026, c. 4, s. 21] [Repealed, 1996, c. 19, s. 60.1] Acetic anhydride N-Acetylanthranilic acid (2-acetamidobenzoic acid) and its salts Anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid) and its salts Ephedrine (erythro-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol), its salts and any plant containing ephedrine or any of its salts Ergometrine (9,10-didehydro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6-methylergoline-8-carboxamide) and its salts Ergotamine (12′-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5′-(phenylmethyl)ergotaman-3′,6′,18-trione) and its salts Isosafrole (5-(1-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole) Lysergic acid (9,10-didehydro-6-methylergoline-8-carboxylic acid) and its salts 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (1-(1,3-benzodioxole)-2-propanone), its derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: methyl 3-(1,3 benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylate (MMDMG) Norephedrine (Phenylpropanolamine) and its salts 1-Phenyl-2-propanone, its derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: methyl 2-methyl-3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate (BMK methyl glycidate) 3-oxo-2-phenylbutanamide (α- phenylacetoacetamide-APAA) Phenylacetic acid and its salts Piperidine and its salts Piperonal (1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde) Potassium permanganate Pseudoephedrine (threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol), its salts and any plant containing pseudoephedrine or any of its salts Safrole (5-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole) and any essential oil containing more than 4% safrole Gamma-butyrolactone (dihydro-2(3H)-furanone) 1,4-butanediol Red Phosphorus White Phosphorus Hypophosphorous acid, its salts and derivatives Hydriodic acid Alpha-phenylacetoacetonitrile and its salts, isomers and salts of isomers Propionyl chloride 1-Phenethyl-4-piperidone and its salts 4-Piperidone (piperidin-4-one), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: 1-boc-4-piperidone (tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate) 3-methyl-4-piperidone (3-methylpiperidin-4-one) 1-benzyl-4-piperidone (1-benzylpiperidin-4-one) Norfentanyl (N-phenyl-N-piperidin-4-ylpropanamide), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues 1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-ylidenephenylamine and its salts N-Phenyl-4-piperidinamine (N-phenylpiperidin-4-amine), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues, including: 4-anilino-1-boc-piperidine (tert-butyl 4-(phenylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate) 4-fluoro anilino-1-boc-piperidine (tert-butyl 4-((4-fluorophenyl)amino)piperidine-1-carboxylate) N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidinamine (N-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-amine) 4-bromo anilino-1-boc-piperidine (tert-butyl 4-((4-bromophenyl)amino)piperidine-1-carboxylate) N1,N1,N2-trimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine and its salts Benzylfentanyl (N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide), its salts, derivatives and analogues and salts of derivatives and analogues Phenethyl bromide ((2-bromoethyl)benzene) Propionic anhydride (propanoic anhydride) Phenethyl iodide ((2-iodoethyl)benzene) Phenethyl chloride ((2-chloroethyl)benzene) Each Class A precursor includes synthetic and natural forms. Acetone Ethyl ether Hydrochloric acid Methyl ethyl ketone Sulphuric acid Toluene Benzyl chloride ((chloromethyl)benzene) Each Class B precursor includes synthetic forms. Any preparation or mixture that contains a precursor set out in Part 1, except items 20 to 23, or in Part 2. Manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic device — unassembled or fully or partially assembled or disassembled — that may be used to compact or mould powdered, granular or semi-solid material to produce coherent solid tablets Manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic device — unassembled or fully or partially assembled or disassembled — that may be used to fill capsules with any powdered, granular, semi-solid or liquid material Die that is suitable for use in, but not already part of, a device referred to in item 1 or 2 Mould that is suitable for use in, but not already part of, a device referred to in item 1 or 2 Punch that is suitable for use in, but not already part of, a device referred to in item 1 or 2 Review by committee On the fourth anniversary of the day on which this Act comes into force, a comprehensive review of the provisions and operation of the Act is to be undertaken by the standing committee of each House that normally considers matters relating to justice. Clarification — immediate application For greater certainty, but subject to sections 77 and 78, the amendments made by this Act also apply with respect to proceedings that are ongoing on the day on which this Act comes into force. Impact of remote proceedings The Minister of Justice must, no later than three years after the day on which this Act receives royal assent, initiate one or more independent reviews on the use of remote proceedings in criminal justice matters that must include an assessment of whether remote proceedings enhance, preserve or adversely affect access to justice; maintain fundamental principles of the administration of justice; and adequately address the rights and obligations of participants in the criminal justice system, including accused persons. The Minister of Justice must, no later than five years after the day on which a review is initiated, cause a report on the review — including any findings or recommendations resulting from it — to be laid before each House of Parliament. At the start of the fifth year after the day on which this Act receives royal assent, the provisions enacted or amended by this Act are to be referred to a committee of the Senate and a committee of the House of Commons that may be designated or established for the purpose of reviewing the provisions. The committees to which the provisions are referred are to review them and the use of remote proceedings in criminal justice matters and submit reports to the Houses of Parliament of which they are committees, including statements setting out any changes to the provisions that they recommend.

The following definitions apply in this section and sections 417 to 419. commencement day means the day on which subsection 413(4) and sections 414 and 415 come into force. (date de référence) previous version means the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, as it reads immediately before commencement day. (version antérieure) regulatory scheme means regulations that are made under subsection 55(1) of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, as it reads on the day on which this section comes into force, respecting authorizations for activities that could be allowed under an exemption granted under subsection 56.1(1) of the previous version. (régime réglementaire) Exemptions An exemption granted under subsection 56.1(1) of the previous version that is valid immediately before commencement day is deemed to be an authorization issued under the regulatory scheme on that day. Validity period Subsection (1) does not have the effect of extending the validity period of the exemption. Terms and conditions For greater certainty, the terms and conditions of the exemption are terms and conditions of the authorization. However, if there is a conflict between any of those terms and conditions and a requirement of the regulatory scheme, the requirement of the regulatory scheme prevails to the extent of the conflict. Applications If an application for an exemption under subsection 56.1(1) of the previous version is submitted before commencement day and the minister responsible for the previous version has not, before that day, made a decision in relation to the application, the application is deemed to have been submitted on that day as an application for an authorization under the regulatory scheme. The Governor in Council may make any regulations that the Governor in Council considers necessary to provide for any other transitional matter arising from the coming into force of the regulatory scheme. The definition adjudicator in subsection 2(1) of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act is repealed. Part V of the Act is replaced by the following : Commission of violation Every person who contravenes a provision designated by regulations made under paragraph 34(1)(a), or contravenes an order made under section 45.1 or 45.2 or reviewed under section 45.4, commits a violation and is liable to the penalty established in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations. The Governor in Council may make regulations designating as a violation that may be proceeded with in accordance with this Act the contravention of any specified provision of this Act — except a provision of Part I — or the regulations; fixing a penalty, or a range of penalties, in respect of each violation; classifying each violation as a minor violation, a serious violation or a very serious violation; and respecting the circumstances under which, the criteria by which and the manner in which a penalty may be increased or reduced, including a reduction in the amount that is provided for in a compliance agreement. Maximum penalty The maximum penalty for a violation is $30,000. Criteria for penalty Unless a penalty is fixed under paragraph 34(1)(b), the amount of a penalty shall, in each case, be determined taking into account the history of compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations by the person who committed the violation; the harm to public health or safety that resulted or could have resulted from the violation; whether the person made reasonable efforts to mitigate or reverse the violation’s effects; whether the person derived any competitive or economic benefit from the violation; and any other prescribed criteria. Notices of violation The Minister may designate individuals, or classes of individuals, who are authorized to issue notices of violation; and establish, in respect of each violation, a short-form description to be used in notices of violation. Issuance of notice of violation If a person who is designated under paragraph 36(a) believes on reasonable grounds that a person has committed a violation, the designated person may issue, and shall provide the person with, a notice of violation that sets out the person’s name; identifies the alleged violation; sets out the penalty for the violation that the person is liable to pay; and sets out the particulars concerning the time and manner of payment. Summary of rights A notice of violation shall clearly summarize, in plain language, the named person’s rights and obligations under this section and sections 38 to 43.7, including the right to have the acts or omissions that constitute the alleged violation or the amount of the penalty reviewed and the procedure for requesting that review. Payment If the person named in the notice pays, in the prescribed time and manner, the amount of the penalty, they are deemed to have committed the violation in respect of which the amount is paid; the Minister shall accept that amount as complete satisfaction of the penalty; and the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 37 are ended. Alternatives to payment Instead of paying the penalty set out in a notice of violation, the person named in the notice may, in the prescribed time and manner, if the penalty is $5,000 or more, request to enter into a compliance agreement with the Minister that ensures the person’s compliance with the order or the provision to which the violation relates; or request a review by the Minister of the acts or omissions that constitute the alleged violation or the amount of the penalty. If the person named in the notice of violation does not pay the penalty in the prescribed time and manner and does not exercise any right referred to in subsection (2) in the prescribed time and manner, they are deemed to have committed the violation identified in the notice. Compliance agreements After considering a request under paragraph 38(2)(a), the Minister may enter into a compliance agreement, as described in that paragraph, with the person making the request on any terms and conditions that are satisfactory to the Minister. The terms and conditions may include a provision for the giving of reasonable security, in a form and in an amount satisfactory to the Minister, as a guarantee that the person will comply with the compliance agreement; and provide for the reduction, in whole or in part, of the penalty for the violation. A person who enters into a compliance agreement with the Minister is, on doing so, deemed to have committed the violation in respect of which the compliance agreement was entered into. Notice of compliance If the Minister is satisfied that a person who has entered into a compliance agreement has complied with it, the Minister shall cause a notice to that effect to be provided to the person, at which time the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 37 are ended; and any security given by the person under the compliance agreement shall be returned to the person. Notice of default If the Minister is of the opinion that a person who has entered into a compliance agreement has not complied with it, the Minister shall cause a notice of default to be provided to the person to the effect that instead of the penalty set out in the notice of violation in respect of which the compliance agreement was entered into, the person is liable to pay, in the prescribed time and manner, twice the amount of that penalty, and, for greater certainty, subsection 34(2) does not apply in respect of that amount; or the security, if any, given by the person under the compliance agreement shall be forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada. Effect of notice of default Once provided with the notice of default, the person may not deduct from the amount set out in the notice any amount that they spent under the compliance agreement and the person is liable to pay the amount set out in the notice; or if the notice provides for the forfeiture of the security given under the compliance agreement, that security is forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada and the proceedings commenced in respect of the violation under section 37 are ended. Effect of payment If a person pays the amount set out in the notice of default in the prescribed time and manner, the Minister shall accept the amount as complete satisfaction of the amount owing; and Refusal to enter into compliance agreement If the Minister refuses to enter into a compliance agreement requested under paragraph 38(2)(a), the person who made the request is liable to pay the amount of the penalty in the prescribed time and manner. If a person pays the amount referred to in subsection (1), they are deemed to have committed the violation in respect of which the payment is made; the Minister shall accept the amount as complete satisfaction of the penalty; and If a person does not pay the amount referred to in subsection (1) in the prescribed time and manner, they are deemed to have committed the violation identified in the notice of violation. Review — facts On completion of a review requested under paragraph 38(2)(b) with respect to the acts or omissions that constitute the alleged violation, the Minister shall determine whether the person who requested the review committed the violation. If the Minister determines that the person committed the violation but that the amount of the penalty was not established in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations, the Minister shall correct the amount. Violation not committed — effect If the Minister determines under subsection (1) that the person who requested the review did not commit the violation, the proceedings commenced in respect of it under section 37 are ended. Review — penalty On completion of a review requested under paragraph 38(2)(b) with respect to the amount of the penalty, the Minister shall determine whether the amount of the penalty was established in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations and, if not, the Minister shall correct the amount. Notice of decision The Minister shall cause a notice of any decision made under subsection (1) or (3) to be provided to the person who requested the review. The person is liable to pay, in the prescribed time and manner, the amount of the penalty that is confirmed or corrected in the Minister’s decision made under subsection (1) or (3). If a person pays the amount referred to in subsection (5), Written evidence and submissions The Minister shall consider only written evidence and written submissions in determining whether a person committed a violation or whether the amount of a penalty was established in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations. Debts to Her Majesty The following amounts constitute debts due to Her Majesty in right of Canada that may be recovered in the Federal Court : the amount of a penalty, from the time the notice of violation setting out the penalty is provided; every amount set out in a compliance agreement entered into with the Minister under subsection 39(1), from the time the compliance agreement is entered into; the amount set out in a notice of default referred to in subsection 39(4), from the time the notice is provided; and the amount of a penalty as set out in a decision of the Minister made under subsection 41(1) or (3), from the time the notice of that decision is provided. No proceedings to recover a debt referred to in subsection (1) may be commenced later than five years after the debt became payable. Debt final A debt referred to in subsection (1) is final and not subject to review or to be restrained, prohibited, removed, set aside or otherwise dealt with except to the extent and in the manner provided by sections 38 to 41. Certificate of default Any debt referred to in subsection 42(1) in respect of which there is a default of payment, or the part of any such debt that has not been paid, may be certified by the Minister. Judgments On production to the Federal Court, the certificate shall be registered in that Court and, when registered, has the same force and effect, and all proceedings may be taken on the certificate, as if it were a judgment obtained in that Court for a debt of the amount specified in it and all reasonable costs and charges associated with the registration of the certificate. Certain defences not available A person named in a notice of violation does not have a defence by reason that the person exercised due diligence to prevent the violation; or reasonably and honestly believed in the existence of facts that, if true, would exonerate the person. Common law principles Every rule and principle of the common law that renders any circumstance a justification or excuse in relation to a charge for an offence under this Act applies in respect of a violation to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act. Burden of proof In every case when the facts of a violation are reviewed by the Minister, he or she shall determine, on a balance of probabilities, whether the person named in the notice of violation committed the violation identified in the notice. Violation by corporate officers, etc. If a person other than an individual commits a violation under this Act, any of the person’s directors, officers, agents or mandataries who directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the violation is a party to and liable for the violation whether or not the person who actually committed the violation is proceeded against under this Act. Vicarious liability — acts of employees and agents A person is liable for a violation that is committed by any employee, agent or mandatary of the person acting in the course of the employee’s employment or the scope of the agent or mandatary’s authority, whether or not the employee, agent or mandatary who actually committed the violation is identified or proceeded against under this Act. Continuing violation A violation that is continued on more than one day constitutes a separate violation in respect of each day on which it is continued. Evidence In any proceeding in respect of a violation or a prosecution for an offence, a notice of violation purporting to be issued under this Act is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the notice of violation. Proceedings in respect of a violation shall not be commenced later than six months after the Minister becomes aware of the acts or omissions that constitute the alleged violation. How act or omission may be proceeded with If an act or omission may be proceeded with either as a violation or as an offence, proceeding in one manner precludes proceeding in the other. Certification by Minister A document appearing to have been issued by the Minister, certifying the day on which the acts or omissions that constitute the alleged violation became known to the Minister, is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof that the Minister became aware of the acts or omissions on that day. Publication of information The Minister may, for the purpose of encouraging compliance with the provisions of this Act and the regulations, publish information about any violation after proceedings in respect of it are ended. The portion of section 45.1 of the Act before paragraph (a) is replaced by the following : The Minister may, by order, require a person who is authorized under this Act to conduct activities in relation to controlled substances or precursors, who imports designated devices or who conducts other activities referred to in section 46.4 to provide the Minister, in the time and manner that the Minister specifies, with any information respecting those activities that the Minister considers necessary Section 45.2 of the Act is replaced by the following : The Minister may, by order, require a person who is authorized under this Act to conduct activities in relation to controlled substances or precursors or who conducts activities referred to in section 46.4 in relation to designated devices, to take measures, in the time and manner that the Minister specifies, to prevent non-compliance with the provisions of this Act or the regulations or, if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that there is such non-compliance, to remedy it. Subsection 46.3(1) of the Act is replaced by the following : No person shall import into Canada a designated device unless they register the importation with the Minister and the person imports it in accordance with the regulations. Subsection 46.3(2) of the Act is amended by striking out “and” at the end of paragraph (e), by adding “and” at the end of paragraph (f) and by adding the following after paragraph (f): The Act is amended by adding the following before section 47: Designated device — prescribed activity No person shall conduct a prescribed activity in relation to a designated device except in accordance with the regulations. Subsection 55(1) of the Act is amended by striking out “and” at the end of paragraph (z.01) and by adding the following after that paragraph : governing, controlling, limiting, authorizing the importation into Canada, exportation from Canada, sale, provision, possession of or other dealing in any designated device or any class of designated devices; respecting the issuance, suspension, cancellation, duration and terms and conditions of any licence or class of licences or of any permit for the importation into Canada, exportation from Canada, sale, provision or possession of any designated device or class of designated devices; and Subsection 55(1) of the Act is amended by striking out “and” at the end of paragraph (z.03) and by adding the following after that paragraph : prescribing exportation from Canada, sale, provision, or possession of any designated device or any class of designated devices as activities for the purpose of section 46.4; respecting the circumstances in which, the conditions subject to which and the persons or classes of persons by whom any designated device or class of designated devices may be exported from Canada, sold, provided or possessed, as well as the means by which and the persons or classes of persons by whom such activities may be authorized; respecting the registration of activities in relation to any designated device or any class of designated devices for the purpose of section 46.4; and Subject to subsection (2), subsection 34(2) of the Act is replaced by the following: The maximum penalty for a violation is $1,000,000. Subsection (1) applies only if Bill C-37, introduced in the 1st session of the 42nd Parliament and entitled An Act to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and to make related amendments to other Acts receives royal assent. If that Act receives royal assent, then subsection (1) comes into force on the first day on which both section 28 of that Act and this subsection are in force. Subsection 55(1.2) of the Act is repealed. Subsection 56(2) of the Act is repealed. Sections 56.1 and 56.2 of the Act are repealed. Subitem 1(18) of Schedule I to the English version of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act is replaced by the following: Methyldesorphine (delta-6-deoxy-6-methylmorphine) Subitem 1(30) of Schedule I to the French version of the Act is replaced by the following: pholcodine ([(morpholinyl-4)-2 éthyl]-3 morphine) Subitem 3(7) of Schedule I to the French version of the Act is replaced by the following: benzéthidine (ester éthylique de l’acide [benzyloxy-2 éthyl]-1 phényl-4 pipéridine carboxylique-4) Subitem 7(3) of Schedule I to the Act is replaced by the following: Dextropropoxyphene ([S-(R*,S*)]-alpha-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl]-alpha-phenylbenzeneethanol, propanoate ester) Subitem 10(8) of Schedule I to the Act is replaced by the following: Racemethorphan (d,l-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan) Subitem 10(9) of Schedule I to the French version of the Act is replaced by the following: racémorphane (d,l-hydroxy-3 méthyl-17 morphinane) Subitem 12(2) of Schedule I to the Act is replaced by the following: Phenampromide (N-((1-methyl-2-piperidino) ethyl) propionanilide) Subitem 16(4) of Schedule I to the English version of the Act is replaced by the following: p-Fluorofentanyl (4′-fluoro-N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl) propionanilide) Item 17 of Schedule I to the English version of the Act is replaced by the following: Tilidine (ethyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate), its salts, derivatives and salts of derivatives Subitem 19(8) of Schedule I to the Act is replaced by the following: N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDMA) (N,alpha-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-ethanamine) Items 33 and 34 of Schedule III to the Act are replaced by the following: Benzylpiperazine (BZP), namely 1-benzylpiperazine and its salts, isomers and salts of isomers Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), namely 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine and its salts, isomers and salts of isomers Subitem 1(18) of Schedule IV to the Act is deleted. Subitem 23(15) of Schedule IV to the Act is deleted. The Act is amended by replacing “α” with “alpha”, with any necessary modifications, in the following provisions: subitems 1(14) and (33) to (34.4) of Schedule I; subitems 3(2) and (3) of Schedule I; subitems 6(2), (3) and (7) of Schedule I; subitem 10(1) of Schedule I; subitems 16(1), (8) and (9) of Schedule I; item 18 of Schedule I; subitems 19(1) to (7) and (9) to (21) of Schedule I; subitem 24(5) of Schedule I; item 19 of Schedule III; items 29 to 31 of Schedule III; items 7 and 8 of Schedule IV; items 21 and 22 of Schedule IV; subitems 23(8), (14) and (41) of Schedule IV; and subitem 11(2) of Part 1 of Schedule VI. The Act is amended by replacing “ß” with “beta”, with any necessary modifications, in the following provisions: subitems 3(5) and (6) of Schedule I; subitems 6(4) and (5) of Schedule I; subitem 10(2) of Schedule I; subitems 16(6) and (7) of Schedule I; and subitems 23(3), (4), (7), (9), (10), (12), (16), (22), (25), (26), (28) to (30), (32), (34), (36), (37), (40) and (43) of Schedule IV. Subitems 23(1), (2), (5), (6), (11), (13), (17) to (21), (23), (24), (27), (31), (33), (35), (38), (39) and (42) of Schedule IV to the Act are amended by replacing “α” and “ß” with “alpha” and “beta”, respectively. Part 1 of Schedule V to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act is amended by adding the following: Table 1 of Part 2 of Schedule V to the Act is amended by adding the following: Table 3 of Part 2 of Schedule V to the Act is amended by adding the following: