COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2022/2094

31.10.2022 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | L 281/23 ---|---|---|--- * * * COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2022/2094 of 28 October 2022 specifying the technical items of data sets, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the consumption domain pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples, amending Regulations (EC) No 808/2004, (EC) No 452/2008 and (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1177/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC) No 577/98 (1), and in particular Article 7(1), Article 8(3) and Article 13(6) thereof, Whereas: (1) | To ensure the accurate implementation of the sample survey in the consumption domain called the Household Budget Survey (‘HBS’), the Commission should specify the technical items of the data set, the technical formats for transmission of information and the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports. ---|--- (2) | The HBS is a key instrument used to compile weightings for important macroeconomic indicators, such as consumer price indices and the harmonised indices of consumer prices as measures of inflation, as well as for national accounts purposes. Those surveys provide detailed descriptions of private households’ total consumption expenditure using household characteristics such as income, housing and many other demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. They therefore provide information on the economic and social living conditions of households and individuals in the Member States. The information from the HBS is also used at EU level in the context of consumer protection policy. ---|--- (3) | The European Green Deal calls for a sustainable consumer policy that will help empower consumers to make informed choices and play an active role in the ecological transition (2). Furthermore, the Green Deal aims to ensure fair and inclusive transitions, with due attention to social concerns and distribution of impacts. The Farm to Fork strategy also aims at promoting sustainable food consumption and facilitating the shift to healthy, sustainable diets (3). In addition, Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan promotes healthy food to address certain cancer risks (4). ---|--- (4) | The international comparability of national statistics on consumption expenditure requires the use of statistical classifications for territorial units, education, occupation and economic sector that are compatible with the NUTS (5), ISCED (6), ISCO (7) and NACE (8) classifications. Furthermore, to classify and analyse individual consumption expenditure incurred by households according to their purpose, the Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (‘COICOP’) (9) is to be used. ---|--- (5) | The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the European Statistical System Committee, established by Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (10), ---|--- HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Article 1 Subject matter This Regulation specifies the technical items of the data sets, the technical formats for the transmission of information from Member States to the Commission (Eurostat), the arrangements for transmission and the content of the quality reports in the consumption domain. Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply: (1) | ‘reference period’ means the period to which a particular item of information relates; ---|--- (2) | ‘current calendar year’ means the calendar year of the interview; ---|--- (3) | ‘sample person’ means a member of a private household who is at least 16 years old on 1 January of the current calendar year; ---|--- (4) | ‘sample household’ means a private household containing at least one sample person; ---|--- (5) | ‘age’ of a person means the age in completed years on 1 January of the current calendar year; ---|--- (6) | ‘reference person’ means the household member who is at least 16 years old and who contributes most to the total income of the household; ---|--- (7) | ‘collection unit’ means a household or person with certain characteristics to which or whom the information collected pertains; ---|--- (8) | ‘household respondent’ means the sample person from whom household-level information is obtained; ---|--- (9) | ‘diary’ means a template (electronic or paper) in which households and/or household members record all items of daily consumption and/or expenditure; ---|--- (10) | ‘recording period’ means the period for which a consumption expenditure diary is maintained by the household and/or individual. ---|--- Article 3 Statistical concepts and description of variables Member States shall use the statistical concepts laid down in Annex I. The technical characteristics of variables shall be those laid down in Annex II and refer to: (a) | the variable’s identifier; ---|--- (b) | the variable’s name; ---|--- (c) | the modality label and code; ---|--- (d) | the collection unit; ---|--- (e) | the reference period. ---|--- Article 4 Characteristics of the statistical populations and observation units and the rules on respondents 1\. The target population in the consumption domain shall be private households and all persons composing those households in the territory of the Member State. 2\. Information at household and individual level shall be collected or compiled for all household members, as specified in Annex II. 3\. Proxy interviews shall be allowed. Article 5 Reference periods 1\. The reference period shall be one calendar year. 2\. The reference period for consumption expenditure shall be the current calendar year. If consumption expenditure is collected retrospectively, i.e. partially in the previous year, it shall be considered as a good proxy for the current year. 3\. The income reference period shall be the current calendar year, except for net current monthly household income where the reference period is the current month. 4\. The reference periods for variables not referring to consumption expenditure and income shall be those specified in Annex II. Article 6 Detailed sample characteristics 1\. The recording period shall be at least 7 days. It shall be up to a maximum of 1 month unless innovative methods to collect data have been used. In duly justified cases, and only to the extent necessary, a recording period longer than 1 month shall be allowed. 2\. The recording periods of sample households or persons shall be staggered over the reference period to even out the effect of seasonal and other temporal variations for the sample as a whole. This shall be done by dividing the sample into a number of subsamples and distributing these subsamples in terms of the recording period uniformly over the reference period. 3\. At least three attempts shall be made to contact a sample household or person before it is dropped from the survey, unless the following situations occur: (a) | the address was impossible to locate; ---|--- (b) | the address was non-residential or unoccupied; ---|--- (c) | the household or person was not found at the address; ---|--- (d) | the household or person was unable to respond (including due to incapacity); ---|--- (e) | a definite refusal of the household or person to cooperate was received; ---|--- (f) | the circumstances endangered the interviewer’s safety. ---|--- 4\. Controlled substitutions of sample households or persons shall be allowed, if one of the situations listed in paragraph 3 (a) to (f) arises, or if the sample household or person has not been reached after three attempts to contact them. 5\. Procedures shall be followed to ensure that the process of substitution is controlled to the maximum extent possible. Such procedures shall include using a design that ensures that the selected substitutes closely match the significant characteristics of the households or persons that they replace. 6\. The set of sample households or persons for substitution shall be defined prior to data collection. There shall be no substitution with households or persons not belonging to that set. 7\. Small parts of a national territory amounting to no more than two per cent of the national population may be excluded from the HBS. Article 7 Data gathering periods and methods 1\. The main survey instruments for direct data collection from respondents shall be one or more interviews (household and/or individual interviews) and diary(s) on consumption expenditure maintained by households and/or individuals on a daily basis. For irregular consumption expenditure, data can also be collected retrospectively up to a maximum of 12 months before the interview. Smart tools and sources as well as registers or other methods can be used for data collection. 2\. Data provided directly by respondents shall be collected by pen-and-paper method, by computer-assisted methods, including computer-assisted personal interviews, computer-assisted telephone interviews, self-completed computer- based interviews, computer-assisted web interviews including on tablets and smartphones, and by native smartphone applications. 3\. The timing of the interview shall be as close as possible to the diary recording period. Article 8 Common standards for data editing, imputation, weighting and estimation 1\. Imputation, modelling or weighting shall be applied to the data where necessary. 2\. Where non-response to total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components at household or personal level, results in missing data, appropriate methods for statistical weighting or imputation shall be applied. 3\. Where non-response to income component variables, including income in kind from non-salaried activities at household or personal level, results in missing data, appropriate methods of statistical imputation shall be applied. 4\. Two methods shall be used to estimate imputed rent depending on the size and structure of the national rental housing market: either the stratification method or the self-assessment method. Preference shall be given to the stratification method based on actual rents (either by direct extrapolation or by means of econometric regression). In the absence of a sufficiently large rental market, the self-assessment method shall be used. 5\. The procedure applied to the data shall preserve the variation in and the correlation between variables. Methods that incorporate ‘error components’ into the imputed values shall be preferred to those that simply impute a predicted value. 6\. Methods that take into account the correlation structure (or other characteristics of the joint distribution of the variables) shall be preferred to the marginal or univariate approach. Article 9 Formats for transmitting information 1\. Member States shall transmit the microdata that comply with the characteristics of the variables as specified in Annex II in electronic form to the Commission (Eurostat) in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 and its Annex V. Monetary consumption shall be transmitted at 5-digit COICOP level; own consumption and cross-border consumption expenditure shall be transmitted at 2-digit COICOP level. 2\. Member States shall transmit pre-checked data to the Commission (Eurostat) in the form of microdata files including appropriate weights, using the statistical data and metadata exchange standards set by the Commission (Eurostat) and the Single Entry Point. Article 10 Quality reporting 1\. In addition to the requirements laid down in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 and Regulation (EU) 2019/2180 specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports (11), quality reports by Member States shall comply with the requirements listed in Annex III to this Regulation. 2\. Member States shall transmit the quality-related reference metadata required by this Regulation to the Commission (Eurostat), using the statistical data and metadata exchange standards. They shall send the metadata through the Single Entry Point in order to enable the Commission (Eurostat) to retrieve the data by electronic means. Article 11 This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States. Done at Brussels, 28 October 2022. For the Commission The President Ursula VON DER LEYEN * * * (1) OJ L 261 I, 14.10.2019, p. 1. (2) COM(2019) 640. (3) COM(2020) 381. (4) COM(2021) 44. (5) Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1). (6) International Standard Classification of Education 2011, http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard- classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf (available in English, French and Spanish). (7) Commission Recommendation 2009/824/EC of 29 October 2009 on the use of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) (OJ L 292, 10.11.2009, p. 31). (8) Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the statistical classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains (OJ L 393, 30.12.2006, p. 1). (9) UN International Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) 2018 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/business- trade/desc/COICOP_english/COICOP_2018_-_pre- edited_white_cover_version_-_2018-12-26.pdf (available only in English). (10) Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 on Community Statistics, and Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom establishing a Committee on the Statistical Programmes of the European Communities (OJ L 87, 31.3.2009, p. 164). (11) OJ L 330, 20.12.2019, p. 8. * * * ANNEX I DEFINITIONS OF STATISTICAL CONCEPTS Consumption by classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP) The consumption by classification of individual consumption by purpose (COICOP) is based on the concept of household final consumption expenditure in European System of Accounts, ESA 2010 (1) as far as applicable to the consumption domain. It refers to expenditure incurred by private households on goods and services for satisfaction of their needs or wants. Household final consumption expenditure includes the following examples: (a) | services of owner-occupied dwellings (imputed rent); ---|--- (b) | own consumption; ---|--- (c) | expenditure on items not treated as intermediate consumption, such as: | (1) | materials for small repairs to and interior decoration of dwellings of a kind carried out by tenants as well as owners; ---|--- (2) | materials for repairs and maintenance to consumer durables, including vehicles; ---|--- (d) | expenditure on items not treated as capital formation, in particular consumer durables, that continue to perform their function in several accounting periods; this includes the transfer of ownership of some durables from an enterprise to a household; ---|--- (e) | financial services directly charged used for final consumption purposes by households (that is, not including FISIM); ---|--- (f) | insurance services by the amount of the actual service charge; ---|--- (g) | pension funding services by the amount of the actual service charge; ---|--- (h) | payments by households for licences, permits, etc. which are regarded as purchases of services; ---|--- (i) | the purchase of output at not economically significant prices, e.g. entrance fees for a museum. ---|--- Household final consumption expenditure excludes the following: (a) | social transfers in kind, such as expenditures initially incurred by households but subsequently reimbursed by social security, e.g. some medical expenses; ---|--- (b) | expenditure on items treated as intermediate consumption or gross capital formation, such as: | (1) | expenditures by households owning unincorporated enterprises when incurred for business purposes – e.g. on durable goods such as vehicles, furniture or electrical equipment (gross fixed capital formation), and also on non-durables such as fuel (treated as intermediate consumption); ---|--- (2) | expenditure that an owner-occupier incurs on the decoration, maintenance and repair of the dwelling not typically carried out by tenants (treated as intermediate consumption in producing housing services); ---|--- (3) | the purchase of dwellings (treated as gross fixed capital formation); ---|--- (4) | expenditure on valuables (treated as gross fixed capital formation); ---|--- (c) | items treated as acquisitions of non-produced assets, in particular the purchase of land; ---|--- (d) | all those payments by households which are to be regarded as taxes; ---|--- (e) | voluntary transfers in cash or in kind by households to charities and relief and aid organisations. ---|--- The final consumption expenditure of households shall be recorded at purchasers’ prices. This is the price the purchaser actually pays for the products at the time of the purchase. The purchaser’s price includes the following: (a) | taxes less subsidies on the products (but excluding deductible taxes like VAT on the products); ---|--- (b) | transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place; ---|--- (c) | deductions for any discounts for bulk or off-peak-purchases from standard prices or charges. ---|--- The purchaser’s price excludes the following: (a) | interest or services charges added under credit arrangements; ---|--- (b) | extra charges incurred as a result of late payment, where late payment means failing to pay within the period stated at the time the purchases were made. ---|--- Imputed rent The purchase of the dwelling as such shall be regarded as capital formation (investment) and not consumer expenditure, and consequently shall be excluded from household final consumption expenditure. The ownership of a dwelling however produces a service, a shelter, which is consumed over time by the households, and as a consequence, an estimated price of the shelter, by imputation of a rental, shall be included in the household final consumption expenditure. It shall be part of the non-monetary part of household final consumption expenditure since no monetary transaction is involved. The imputed rent represents simultaneously a non-monetary source of income, and consequently shall be recorded on the income side as well. The imputed rent shall be estimated for all households that do not report paying full rent, either because they are owner-occupiers, or because they live in an accommodation rented at a lower price than the market price, or because the accommodation is provided rent-free. The imputed rent shall be estimated only for those dwellings (and any associated buildings such as a garage) that are used as a main residence by the households. The value of imputed rent shall be the estimated value of rental that would be paid for a similar accommodation, taking into account factors such as location, neighbourhood amenities, etc., as well as the size and quality of the dwelling itself. This value shall be reduced by any rent actually paid (in the case where the accommodation is rented at a lower price than the market price) and reduced by any ordinary maintenance (gas, electricity, water, etc.), minor repairs or refurbishment expenditure which the owner-occupier households make on the property of the type that would normally be carried out by landlords. For garages located separately from dwellings, which are used by the owner for final consumption purposes in connection with using the dwelling, a similar imputation shall be made. To estimate the value of owner-occupied dwelling services, the stratification method based on actual rents (either by direct extrapolation or by means of econometric regression) shall be preferably used. — | The stock of dwellings shall be preferably stratified by location, size and nature of dwelling and other factors that affect the rental. Information about actual rentals from privately-owned rented dwellings shall be used to obtain an estimate of the rental value of the total stock of dwellings. The average actual rental per stratum shall be applied to all dwellings in that particular stratum. ---|--- — | The rental to be applied to owner-occupied dwellings in the stratification method is defined as the private market rental due for the right to use an unfurnished dwelling. The rentals for unfurnished dwellings from all private market contracts shall be used to determine imputed rentals. Private market rentals that are at a low level due to government regulation are included. ---|--- — | If the sample size for the observed rentals as defined above is not large enough, observed rentals for furnished dwellings may be used for imputation purposes, provided they are adjusted for the furniture element. Exceptionally, also increased rentals for public-owned dwellings may be used. Low rentals for dwellings let to relatives or to employees should not be used. ---|--- In the absence of a sufficiently large rental market, where accommodation is dominated by owner-occupied dwellings, the self-assessment method shall be applied for owner-occupied dwellings. The value of the imputed rent under this method refers to a self-assessed value used as direct estimate of the market price value of the dwelling. Own consumption Own consumption refers to goods and services produced as outputs of unincorporated enterprises owned by households that are retained for consumption by the members of the same household. Examples of products retained for own final consumption include: (a) | agricultural products retained by farmers; ---|--- (b) | housing (dwelling) services produced by owner-occupiers; ---|--- (c) | household services produced by employing paid staff. ---|--- Domestic and personal services that are produced and consumed within the same household are not counted as production in ESA and as a result shall not be part of own consumption. Examples of domestic services produced by households themselves that shall be excluded are: (a) | cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling as far as these activities are also common for tenants; ---|--- (b) | cleaning, servicing and repair of household durables; ---|--- (c) | preparation and serving of meals; ---|--- (d) | care, training and instruction of children; ---|--- (e) | care of sick, infirm or old people; and ---|--- (f) | transportation of members of the household or their goods. ---|--- However, domestic and personal services that are produced by employing paid domestic staff are considered as production, and make part of final consumption expenditure. Own consumption shall be recorded when the output retained is taken into the household for own final consumption, and shall be valued at the purchaser’s price of similar products (goods or services) sold on the market. Domestic and personal services that are produced by employing paid domestic staff shall be valued by the compensation of employees paid; this shall include any compensation in kind such as food or accommodation. Cross-border consumption expenditure Household final consumption expenditure includes consumption expenditure of private resident households, whether the expenditure takes place in the country or abroad. Cross border consumption expenditure refers to the part of the household’s consumption expenditure effected abroad. It covers all direct purchases of goods and services made by residents while travelling abroad for business or personal purposes. Two categories, which require different treatment, shall be distinguished: (a) | all business-related expenditure by business travellers are intermediate consumption, and therefore shall be excluded from household final consumption; ---|--- (b) | all other expenditure, whether by business travellers or other travellers, shall be household final consumption expenditure. ---|--- Only cross-border consumption expenditure made in monetary form shall be registered. Total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components Household total annual net income from all sources includes monetary annual net income from all sources, income in kind from employment, income in kind from non-salaried activities and imputed rent. Household total annual net income from all sources should equal the sum for all household members of total personal annual net income from all sources plus all annual net income components at household level. Monetary annual net income from all sources Monetary annual net income from all sources includes: — | Cash or near-cash employee income. ---|--- — | Cash profits or losses from self-employment (including royalties). ---|--- — | Property income: | a. | Interest, dividends, profits from capital investment in an unincorporated business; ---|--- b. | Income from rental of a property or land; ---|--- c. | Pensions received from individual private plans (other than those covered under the European system of integrated social protection statistics (ESSPROS)). ---|--- — | Current transfers received: | a. | Social benefits: | — | Family/children-related allowances; ---|--- — | Housing allowances; ---|--- — | Unemployment benefits; ---|--- — | Old-age benefits; ---|--- — | Survivors’ benefits; ---|--- — | Sickness benefits; ---|--- — | Disability benefits; ---|--- — | Education-related allowances; ---|--- — | Social exclusion allowances/benefits not classified elsewhere; ---|--- b. | Regular inter-household cash transfers received. ---|--- — | Other cash income received. ---|--- Income in kind from employment Income in kind from employment refers to the non-monetary income components which an employer may provide free of charge or at a reduced price to an employee as part of the employment package. (If any goods or services are provided for both private and work use, then private use, as a proportion of total use, must be estimated and applied to the total value). It includes: — | a company car and associated costs (e.g. free fuel, car insurance, taxes and duties, as applicable) provided either for private use or for both private and work use, ---|--- — | free or subsidised meals, luncheon vouchers, ---|--- — | reimbursement or payment of housing-related expenses (e.g. gas, electricity, water, telephone or mobile telephone bills), ---|--- — | accommodation provided free or at reduced rent to an employee as the household’s main or secondary residence, ---|--- — | other goods and services provided free or at a reduced price by employers to their employees, if they are a significant component of income at national level or they constitute a significant component of the income of particular groups of households. ---|--- The value of goods and services provided free of charge shall be calculated according to their market value. The value of goods and services provided at a reduced price shall be calculated as the difference between the market value and the amount paid by the employee. It does not include: — | the cost to the employer of providing any of these goods and services if they are necessary to enable employees to do their work, ---|--- — | accommodation services at a place of work which cannot be used by the households to which the employees belong, ---|--- — | allowances paid to employees for the purchase of tools, equipment, clothes, etc. needed exclusively or primarily for their work, ---|--- — | special meals or drinks necessitated by exceptional working conditions, ---|--- — | any goods or services provided to employees at the place of work or required because of the nature of their work (e.g. a medical examination required for work). ---|--- Income in kind from non-salaried activities Income in kind from non-salaried activities includes output for own final consumption, that is goods and services produced by households that are retained for consumption by the members of the same household. Income in kind from non-salaried activities does not include imputed rent. Tax on income and social insurance contributions Tax on income refers to taxes on income, profits and capital gains. They are assessed on the actual or presumed income of individuals, households or tax units. They include taxes assessed on holdings of property, land or real estate, where these holdings are used as a basis for estimating the income of their owners. Taxes related to pensions received from individual private plans (other than those covered under ESSPROS) should also be taken into account. Taxes on income include: — | taxes on individual, household or tax-unit income (income from employment, property, entrepreneurship, pensions, etc.), including taxes deducted by employers (pay-as-you-earn taxes), other taxes at source and taxes on the income of owners of unincorporated enterprises paid during the income reference period, ---|--- — | any tax repayment received during the income reference period relating to tax paid on the income received during the income reference period or previous years. This value should be taken into account as a reduction of taxes paid, ---|--- — | any interest charged on arrears of taxes due and any fines imposed by taxation authorities. ---|--- Taxes on income do not include: — | fees paid for hunting, shooting and fishing rights. ---|--- * * * (1) Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union (OJ L 174, 26.6.2013, p. 1). * * * ANNEX II TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIABLES Variable`s identifier | Variable name | Modality code | Modality label | Collection unit | Reference period ---|---|---|---|---|--- Detailed topic: DATA COLLECTION INFORMATION HA02 | Year(s) of the survey | Year(s) | Year(s) of the survey | Household | Current HC04C | Date of the first Interview of household | DD/MM/YYYY | Date of the first Interview of household | Household | Current MB03C | Date of the first Interview of household member | DD/MM/YYYY | Date of the first Interview of household member | All current household members | Current HA06 | Stratum | 1–9999999999998 | Stratum identifier | Household | At selection 9999999999999 | Not applicable HA07 | Primary sampling unit | 1–9999999999998 | Secondary sampling unit identifier | Household | At selection 9999999999999 | Not applicable Detailed topic: IDENTIFICATION HA04 | Identification number of the household (HH file) | ID number | Household ID | Household | Current MA04 | Identification number of the household (HH member file) | ID number | Household ID | All current household members | Current MA05 | Identification number of the member of household (HH member file) | ID number | ID number | All current household members | Current HA13 | Identification number of the member of the household responding to the household questionnaire | ID number | ID number of the person responding to the household questionnaire | Household | Current Detailed topic: WEIGHTS HA10 | Final weight | Weight | Final weight | Household | Current Detailed topic: INTERVIEW CHARACTERISTICS HA11 | Interviewing mode used (household interview) | 1 | Paper assisted personal interview (PAPI) | Household | Current 2 | Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) 3 | Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) 4 | Computer assisted web-interview (CAWI) 5 | Smart mode 6 | Other 9 | Not applicable MA11 | Interviewing mode used (individual interview) | 1 | Paper assisted personal interview (PAPI) | All current household members | Current 2 | Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) 3 | Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) 4 | Computer assisted web-interview (CAWI) 5 | Smart mode 6 | Other 9 | Not applicable HA12 | Interviewing mode used (diary) | 1 | Paper assisted personal interview (PAPI) | Household | Current 2 | Computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) 3 | Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) 4 | Computer assisted web-interview (CAWI) 5 | Smart mode 6 | Other 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: LOCALISATION | MB012 | Country of residence | SCL GEO code | Country of residence | All current household members | Current HA08 | Region of residence | NUTS (2 digits) | Region (2 digits) | Household | Current HA09 | Degree of urbanisation | 1 | Cities | Household | Current 2 | Towns and suburbs 3 | Rural areas Detailed topic: DEMOGRAPHY MB02 | Sex of household member | 1 | Male | All current household members | Current 2 | Female MB03 | Age (in completed years) of household member | Age | Age | All current household members | Current Blank | Not stated MB03A | Year of birth of household member | Year | Year of birth | All current household members | Constant Blank | Not stated MB03B | Passing of birthday of household member at the time of the interview | 1 | Yes | All current household members | Current 2 | No Blank | Not stated MB04 | Marital status of household member | 1 | Never married and never in a registered partnership | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Married or in a registered partnership 3 | Widowed or with registered partnership that ended with death of partner (not remarried or in new registered partnership) 4 | Divorced or with registered partnership that was legally dissolved (not remarried or in new registered partnership) Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: CITIZENSHIP AND MIGRANT BACKGROUND MB01 | Country of birth | SCL GEO code | Country of birth | All current household members | Constant 77 | Foreign-born but country of birth unknown Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable MB011 | Country of main citizenship | SCL GEO code | Country of main citizenship | All current household members | Current 66 | Stateless 77 | Foreign citizenship but country unknown Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable MB01F | Country of birth of father | SCL GEO code | Country of birth | All current household members aged 16 and over | Constant 77 | Father foreign-born but country of birth of the father unknown Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable MB01M | Country of birth of mother | SCL GEO code | Country of birth | All current household members aged 16 and over | Constant 77 | Mother foreign-born but country of birth of the mother unknown Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable Detailed topic: HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION MBGRIDXX | Household grid (1) | 10 | Partner (low level) | All current household members | Current 11 | Husband/wife/civil partner (high level)/optional 12 | Partner/cohabitee (high level)/optional 20 | Son/daughter (low level) 21 | Natural/adopted son/daughter (high level)/optional 22 | Step-son/step-daughter (high level)/optional 30 | Son-in-law/daughter-in-law (low or high level) 40 | Grandchild (low or high level) 50 | Parent (low level) 51 | Natural/adoptive parent (high level)/optional 52 | Step-parent (high level)/optional 60 | Parent in law (low or high level) 70 | Grandparent (low or high level) 80 | Brother/Sister (low level) 81 | Natural brother/sister (high level)/optional 82 | Step-brother/sister (high level)/optional 90 | Other relative (low or high level) 95 | Other non-relative (low or high level) Blank | Not stated (low or high level) MB042 | Partners living in the same household | 1 | Person living with a legal or de facto partner | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Person not living with a legal or de facto partner Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: DISABILITY AND MINIMUM EUROPEAN HEALTH MODULE MH01 | Self-perceived general health | 1 | Very good | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Good 3 | Fair (neither good nor bad) 4 | Bad 5 | Very bad Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable MH02 | Long standing health problems | 1 | Yes | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | No Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable MH03 | Limitation in activities because of health problems | 1 | Severely limited | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Limited but not severely 3 | Not limited at all Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: MAIN ACTIVITY STATUS (SELF-DEFINED) ME01A | Main activity status (self-defined) | 1 | Employed | All current household members | Current 2 | Unemployed 3 | Retired 4 | Unable to work due to long-standing health problems 5 | Pupil or student 6 | Fulfilling domestic tasks 7 | In compulsory military, civilian service 8 | Other Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: ELEMENTARY JOB CHARACTERISTICS ME0908 | Occupation in main job | ISCO-08 | ISCO at 2-digit level | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable ME04 | Economic activity of the local unit (main job) | NACE | NACE at 2-digit level | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable ME02 | Main job: full- or part-time (self-defined) | 1 | Full-time job | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Part-time job Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable ME12 | Status in employment in main job | 1 | Self-employed person with employees | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Self-employed person without employees 3 | Employee 4 | Unpaid Family worker Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable ME13 | Sector of occupation of household member | 1 | Public sector employee | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Private sector employee Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND BACKGROUND MC01 | Highest educational attainment level | 0 | No formal education or below ISCED 1 | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 1 | ISCED 1 Primary education 2 | ISCED 2 Lower secondary education 3 | ISCED 3 Upper secondary education 4 | ISCED 4 Post-secondary non-tertiary education 5 | ISCED 5 Short cycle tertiary education 6 | ISCED 6 Bachelor or equivalent level 7 | ISCED 7 Master or equivalent level 8 | ISCED 8 Doctorate or equivalent level Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION - ADDITIONAL SPECIFIC DETAILS HB05 | Household size | 1-99 | Total number of members of the household | Household | Current Blank | Not stated HB075 | Household type | 1 | One person household | Household | Current 2 | Lone parent with at least one child aged less than 25 3 | Lone parent with all children aged 25 or more 4 | Couple without any child(ren) 5 | Couple with at least one child aged less than 25 6 | Couple with all children aged 25 or more 8 | Other type of household Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: MAIN HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS HD01 | Household tenure status | 1 | Owner without outstanding mortgage | Household | Current 2 | Owner with outstanding mortgage 3 | Tenant, rent at market price 4 | Tenant, rent at reduced price 5 | Tenant paying no rent Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable HD03 | Dwelling type | 1 | Detached house | Household | Current 2 | Semi-detached or terraced house 3 | Apartment or flat in a building with less than 10 dwellings 4 | Apartment or flat in a building with 10 or more dwellings 5 | Some other kind of accommodation Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable HD06 | Number of rooms available to the household | 1-9.9 | Number of rooms | Household | Current 10 | 10 or more rooms Blank | Not stated 99 | Not applicable Detailed topic: PARTICIPATION IN FORMAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES (CURRENT) MC02A | Participation in formal education and training (student or apprentice) | 1 | Yes | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | No Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable MC02B | Level of the current/most recent formal education or training activity | 0 | No formal education or below ISCED 1 | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 1 | ISCED 1 Primary education 2 | ISCED 2 Lower secondary education 3 | ISCED 3 Upper secondary education 4 | ISCED 4 Post-secondary non-tertiary education 5 | ISCED 5 Short cycle tertiary education 6 | ISCED 6 Bachelor or equivalent level 7 | ISCED 7 Master or equivalent level 8 | ISCED 8 Doctorate or equivalent level Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: DURATION OF CONTRACT ME03A | Permanency of main job | 1 | Permanent written contract | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current 2 | Permanent verbal agreement 3 | Fixed-term written contract 4 | Fixed-term verbal agreement Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME AT THE LEVEL OF PERSONS AND HOUSEHOLDS MF099 | Total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components, of household member (member file) | 0-99999999999999 | Income (national currency) | All current household members aged 16 and over | Current calendar year Blank | Not stated HH099 | Total annual net income from all sources, including non-monetary components | 0-99999999999999 | Income (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: MAIN INCOME COMPONENTS HH011 | Net current monthly household income | 0-99999999999999 | Income (national currency) | Household | Current month Blank | Not stated HH095 | Monetary annual net income from all sources | 0-99999999999999 | Income (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Blank | Not stated HH012 | Income in kind from employment | 0-99999999999999 | Income (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: INCOME IN KIND FROM NON-SALARIED ACTIVITIES HH023 | Income in kind from non-salaried activities | 0-99999999999999 | Income (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Blank | Not Stated Detailed topic: IMPUTED RENT HH032 | Imputed rent | 0-99999999999999 | Imputed rent (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Blank | Not Stated Detailed topic: MAIN SOURCE OF INCOME HI11 | Main source of income | 1 | Wages or salary | Household | Current calendar year 2 | Income from self-employment 3 | Property income 4 | Pensions, retirement benefits 5 | Unemployment benefit 6 | Other current benefits and other income Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: ELEMENTS OF WEALTH, INCLUDING DWELLING OWNERSHIP HW10 | Value of main residence | 1-99999999999 | Value (national currency) | Household | Current Blank | Not stated HW20 | Savings (in a typical month) | 1 | Household puts money aside | Household | Current 2 | Household needs to draw on savings 3 | Household needs to borrow money 4 | Household neither puts money aside nor needs to draw on savings or borrow Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: TAXES AND CONTRIBUTIONS HW30 | Tax on income and social insurance contributions | -99999999-99999999 | Taxes (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: DEBTS HW40 | Total left to repay for the mortgage on main residence | 0-99999999999 | Amount left to repay (in national currency) | Household | Current Blank | Not stated HW50 | Monthly principal and interest repayments for the mortgage | 0-99999999.99 | Mortgage principal and interest repayments (in national currency) | Household | Current Blank | Not stated Detailed topic: ARREARS HW60 | Arrears | 1 | Yes | Household | Current 2 | No Blank | Not stated 9 | Not applicable Detailed topic: CONSUMPTION BY THE CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION BY PURPOSE (COICOP) (2) HE01A | Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE02A | Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE03A | Clothing and footwear | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE04A | Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE05A | Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE06A | Health | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE07A | Transport | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE08A | Information and communication | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE09A | Recreation, sport and culture | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE10A | Education services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE11A | Restaurants and accommodation services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE12A | Insurance and financial services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE13A | Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Detailed topic:

OWN CONSUMPTION HE01B | Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE02B | Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE03B | Clothing and footwear | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE04B | Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE05B | Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE06B | Health | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE07B | Transport | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE08B | Information and communication | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE09B | Recreation, sport and culture | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE10B | Education services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE11B | Restaurants and accommodation services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE12B | Insurance and financial services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HE13B | Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services | 0-99999999999999 | Amount (in national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Detailed topic: CROSS-BORDER CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE BY COICOP HJ01 | Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ02 | Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ03 | Clothing and footwear | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ04 | Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ05 | Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ06 | Health | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ07 | Transport | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ08 | Information and communication | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ09 | Recreation, sport and culture | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ10 | Education services | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ11 | Restaurants and accommodation services | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ12 | Insurance and financial services | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year HJ13 | Personal care, social protection and miscellaneous goods and services | 0-99999999999999 | Expenditure (national currency) | Household | Current calendar year Detailed topic: QUANTITIES (3) (optional) HQ01 | Food and non-alcoholic beverages | 0-9999999999999999.9 | Amount | Household | Current calendar year HQ02 | Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics | 0-9999999999999999.9 | Amount | Household | Current calendar year * * * (1) For Household Grid variable, modality codes 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95 at least low level of detail shall be provided. High level of detail is optional. (2) Monetary consumption by the classification of individual consumption by purpose shall be transmitted at 5-digit COICOP level (3) Quantities shall be transmitted for the groups ‘Food and non-alcoholic beverages’ and ‘Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics’ at 5-digit COICOP level. * * * ANNEX III DETAILED ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTENT OF QUALITY REPORTS (1) | Member States shall transmit a quality report to the Commission (Eurostat) according to the rules set out in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 and Regulation (EU) 2019/2180 specifying the detailed arrangements and content for the quality reports (1). ---|--- (2) | Member States shall include the following specific information in the quality report on the consumption domain. ---|--- STATISTICAL PRESENTATION Data description — | Title of the survey at national level, year of the survey, link to the survey website ---|--- Classification systems List of the version of classification used in the data, and any deviations from European statistical standards or international standards. Statistical concepts and definitions, including reference period — | List of concepts and variables that deviate from the standard definitions, mentioning the national concepts used and any differences between the national concepts and the respective standard definitions ---|--- — | Consumption expenditure shall be calculated as household final consumption expenditure; any deviation from this standard definition shall be described ---|--- — | Method for calculating imputed rent (stratification/regression method specifying the type of model/regression used and variables used; self-assessment method). ---|--- — | Method for calculating/imputing income and income components, if applicable ---|--- STATISTICAL PROCESSING Source data — | Description of the data source used for building the sampling frame (e.g. population register, household register, dwelling register, population census, another survey, etc.), frequency of update and year of last update of the data source, and method used for obtaining or creating the sampling frame. Survey name shall be indicated where another survey has been used as a data source. ---|--- — | Regarding sample design: ---|--- — | If the ultimate sampling unit is different from the private household, it shall be reported ---|--- — | Methods for sample design (e.g. simple random sampling; systematic sampling; stratified sampling; cluster sampling, multiple stage sampling, combination of designs). If Member States use stratified sampling, the stratification and sub-stratification criteria shall be reported. If Member States use multiple stage sampling, the different stages and the corresponding probabilities (equal, unequal, proportional to size) shall be described. If Member States use a combination of designs, the designs used shall be described. ---|--- — | Sample size ---|--- Data collection — | Description of methods used to conduct the interview (e.g. PAPI, CATI, CAPI, CASI, CAWI (2), and/or other sources such as registers, other surveys, smart ways of data collection based on mobile apps, etc.) The variables collected based on other sources shall be listed. ---|--- — | Description of methods used to compile the consumption expenditure diary (e.g. pen and pencil diary, computer-based diary, web diary, cash-register receipts, receipt scanning, loyalty cards, administrative data, mobile apps and/or other sources of collecting data in a smart way, etc.) ---|--- Data compilation — | Household weightings: Each step of weighting should be described separately: design weights; weight adjustments for non-response, weight adjustments to external data sources (calibration techniques used, level and variables used for the adjustment), any other weight adjustments (e.g. trimming, top (bottom)-coding of the weight distribution to adjust for outliers); final weights. ---|--- — | Where imputation is used, any imputed variables shall be listed, the imputation procedure used shall be described and the reasons for imputation shall be explained. The number of imputed values as a percentage of the total number of observations shall be reported for each income and income component variable, including income in kind from non-salaried activities, both at household and personal level. ---|--- ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY Sampling error — | Precision requirements shall be expressed in standard errors for the indicator ‘Percentage of households whose expenditure on housing-related categories including water, electricity, gas and other fuels, are more than 50 % of the total expenditure’, and are defined as continuous functions of the actual estimate and of the size of the statistical population in a country as defined in Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 for the consumption domain. ---|--- — | For the total consumption expenditure (HE00) and the 2-digit COICOP level consumption expenditure (HE01 to HE13) the mean, the total number of observations and the standard errors shall be reported at national level. ---|--- — | Countries shall describe the methodology for calculating the precision estimates. Where the precision requirements are reached by combining microdata concerning a maximum of three successive years of observations in line with point 8 of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2019/1700, countries shall describe the relevant alternative methods used to estimate and assess the precision. ---|--- Non-sampling error Measurement error The different sources of measurement errors likely to be found in the survey shall be described. This includes: — | Description and testing of the questionnaire and diary design, ---|--- — | Description of interview training (e.g. number of training days, skills testing before starting the fieldwork (rate of success, etc.)), ---|--- — | Information on studies to check the impact of the interviewer, such as re-interviews, record check studies, or split-sample experiments (if available), and results from models (if available). ---|--- Non-response error Unit non-response — | Member States shall compute household non-response rates as follows: ---|--- Household non-response rates (NRh) shall be computed as follows: NRh = (1-(Ra * Rh)) * 100, Where: Ra is the address contact rate, and it is computed as the Number of addresses successfully contacted divided by the Number of valid addresses selected; Rh is the proportion of completed household interviews accepted for the database, and it is computed as the Number of household interviews completed and accepted for database divided by the Number of eligible households at contacted addresses. — | For those Member States where controlled substitutions are made in case of unit non-response, non-response rates shall be calculated before and after substitution. ---|--- — | Breakdowns of non-respondents by characteristics and reasons for non-response as far as available ---|--- — | Description of any measures taken to correct for non-response, and evaluation of any difficulties such measures may indirectly involve (e.g. calibration involving high and volatile weights) ---|--- — | If controlled substitutions are applied in cases of unit non-response and under the provisions of Article 6(4), (5,) (6) and (7), substitution rates shall be provided as well as a description of the method of selection of substitutes, main characteristics of substituted units compared to the original units, distribution of substituted (original) units by number of attempts for contact at address, household interview/diary acceptance, and household questionnaire/diary result. ---|--- — | Number of households successfully contacted before and after substitution ---|--- — | Number of responding households before and after substitution ---|--- — | Gross sample size, number of eligible units and net sample size, including substitution units (achieved sample size) needs to be provided ---|--- Item non-response For variables Household Grid, Age (in completed years) of household member, Main activity status (self-defined), all income and income component variables, Main source of income, Household Tenure Status, the following information shall be provided: — | Percentages of households (per variable collected or compiled at household level) or percentage of persons (per variable collected or compiled at personal level) having received an amount for each variable, ---|--- — | Percentage of households (per variable collected or compiled at household level) or percentage of persons (per variable collected or compiled at personal level) with missing values (before imputation) for each variable collected or compiled at household/personal level. Variables constructed/collected from several component variables where there is a missing value before imputation for at least one component at household/personal level shall be treated as variables with missing values before imputation for that household/person. ---|--- Processing error — | Information to be provided about any errors in processing and their impact on the final data collection results arising from faulty implementation of correctly planned implementation methods. An account shall be given of the main errors detected in the post-data-collection process. ---|--- — | Description of the quality checks (e.g. data entry controls, coding controls, etc.) and the data editing process (e.g. description of the main data editing rules regarding consumption expenditure and income variables). ---|--- — | Imputation procedures shall be described. Information to be provided on the imputation rate calculated as the share of observations imputed (for each variable) out of the total number of observations. ---|--- Data revision – policy Information shall be provided about any policy designed to ensure the transparency of disseminated data, whereby the preliminary data compiled are subsequently revised. If data are revised, this shall be reported. Data revision -practice — | Schedule for revisions ---|--- — | Main reasons for revisions and their nature (new source data available, new methods, etc.) ---|--- — | Impact of revisions on indicators ---|--- COHERENCE AND COMPARABILITY Coherence – cross domain Coherence – EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) A comparison of the following income variables with EU-SILC shall either be implemented at national level or be validated by the countries on the basis of calculations made by Eurostat: At-risk-of-poverty threshold (EUR), At-risk-of- poverty rate (%), Relative at-risk-of-poverty gap, Income quintile share ratio S80/S20, Gini coefficient. Coherence – Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP) A comparison of the structure of consumption expenditure at 2-digit COICOP level shall either be implemented at national level or be validated by the countries on the basis of calculations made by Eurostat with the corresponding variables from HICP. Coherence – National accounts A comparison of the structure of Consumption Expenditure at 2-digit COICOP level shall either be implemented at national level or be validated by the countries on the basis of calculations made by Eurostat with the corresponding variables from national accounts. Coherence – internal Any lack of coherence in the HBS data set shall be reported, together with explanations for such inconsistencies. * * * (1) OJ L 330, 20.12.2019, p. 8. (2) PAPI – traditional pen-and-paper personal interview; CATI – computer- assisted telephone interview; CAPI – computer-assisted personal interview; CASI – self-completed computer-based interview; CAWI – computer assisted web interview. * * *