Strafflag

When sentencing imprisonment, the sentence is measured in years, months, and days; sentences shorter than three months are imposed in days.

Vankeutta voidaan tuomita määräajaksi tai elinkaudeksi; määräaikainen vankeus on vähintään 14 päivää ja enintään 12 vuotta, tai 15 vuotta yhteistä rangaistusta määrättäessä 7 luvun mukaan.

A prisoner may be placed in supervised probation outside prison for up to six months before release.

A prisoner may be placed in supervised release outside the prison, but only at least six months before conditional release.

A person serving a combined prison sentence is released on conditional release according to the larger applicable share if the offences would otherwise trigger different shares under section 5(2).

An inmate may be placed in monitored probation outside the prison no earlier than six months before conditional release.

Vanki voidaan sijoittaa valvottuun koevapauteen vankilan ulkopuolelle aikaisintaan kuusi kuukautta ennen ehdonalaista vapauttamista.

A prisoner may be placed in monitored probation outside the prison only at earliest six months before conditional release.

Vanki voidaan sijoittaa valvottuun koevapauteen aikaisintaan kuusi kuukautta ennen ehdonalaista vapauttamista.

A prisoner may be placed in supervised probation outside prison no earlier than six months before conditional release.

Vankeusrangaistusta määrättäessä käytetään ajan yksikköinä vuosia, kuukausia ja päiviä; alle kolmen kuukauden rangaistus tuomitaan päivinä.

When sentencing imprisonment, the term is counted in years, months, and days; sentences shorter than three months are counted in days.

Conditional release may be postponed, with the prisoner’s consent in some cases, and without consent if there is an obvious risk of a serious offence after release.

A prisoner’s conditional release may be postponed with the prisoner’s consent, and in some cases without consent. The postponement decision must be reconsidered at intervals of no more than six months.

A prisoner serving several fixed-term prison sentences at the same time is released on parole after serving the calculated time, and in any case no later than 15 years in total, or 20 years if combined-sentence imprisonment is also included.

Parole can be postponed with the prisoner’s consent in some cases, and without consent only if release would create an apparent danger of a serious offence and postponement is needed to prevent it.

Conditional release of a prisoner may be postponed, with the prisoner’s consent in some cases and without consent in another case; a postponement decision must be reconsidered at least every six months.

Vangin ehdonalaista vapauttamista voidaan lykätä tietyissä tilanteissa, joko vangin suostumuksella tai ilman sitä.

Ehdonalaista vapauttamista voidaan tietyissä tilanteissa lykätä, joko vangin suostumuksella tai ilman sitä.

Conditional release for a prisoner may be postponed with the prisoner’s consent in some cases, or without consent if release would create an apparent risk of a serious offence against life, health, or liberty.

Jos tuomitulla on samalla kertaa useita määräaikaisia vankeusrangaistuksia ilman yhteistä vankeusrangaistusta, ne on laskettava yhteen vankilassa.

If multiple fixed-term prison sentences are to be served at the same time and no common sentence is formed, they are to be counted together in prison.

Life-sentenced prisoners may be conditionally released after 12 years in custody, or after 10 years if the offense was committed before age 21.

Elinkautisvanki voidaan päästää ehdonalaiseen vapauteen vasta määräajan jälkeen, ja vapauttamisharkinnassa on otettava huomioon useita rikokseen, rangaistukseen ja vankila-aikaan liittyviä seikkoja.

A prisoner may be placed in supervised probation outside prison, but only at the earliest six months before conditional release.

Elinkautista vankeutta suorittava voi päästä ehdonalaiseen vapauteen aikaisintaan 12 vuoden jälkeen; alle 21-vuotiaana tehdystä rikoksesta tuomitulla aikaisintaan 10 vuoden jälkeen.

Life-sentenced prisoners may be considered for conditional release after 12 years served, or after 10 years if the offence was committed under age 21.

Elinkautista vankeutta suorittava voidaan päästää ehdonalaiseen vapauteen aikaisintaan 12 vuoden vankilassaolon jälkeen; alle 21-vuotiaana tehdystä rikoksesta tuomitulle raja on 10 vuotta.

Elinkautisvanki voidaan päästää ehdonalaiseen vapauteen aikaisintaan 12 vuoden vankilassaolon jälkeen, tai 10 vuoden jälkeen jos rikos tehtiin alle 21-vuotiaana.

Elinkautista vankeutta suorittava voidaan päästää ehdonalaiseen vapauteen aikaisintaan 12 vuoden jälkeen, tai 10 vuoden jälkeen jos rikos tehtiin alle 21-vuotiaana.

The section defines conditional release and sets when a prisoner may be released after serving part of a sentence.

Section 5 defines conditional release and sets the sentence fractions that make a fixed-term prisoner eligible for it, including a 14-day minimum service rule.

Tuomioistuin voi tietyissä vakavissa rikostapauksissa määrätä, että tuomittu vapautuu vankilasta vasta suoritettuaan koko rangaistusajan.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä yhdistelmärangaistuksen, ja tietyissä vakavissa uusimis- ja vaaratilanteissa sen on määrättävä se. Rangaistukseen kuuluu enintään rikoksen enimmäisrangaistuksen pituinen ehdoton vankeus ja yksi vuosi valvonta-aikaa.

Conditional release may be postponed if the prisoner consents, and it may also be postponed without consent in certain danger cases.

The court may, on the prosecutor’s request, impose a combined sentence made up of unconditional imprisonment and a one-year supervision period if the statutory conditions are met.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä syytetyn yhdistelmärangaistukseen, jos laissa säädetyt vakavat edellytykset täyttyvät.

The court may, on the prosecutor’s request, sentence an accused to a combined sentence if the listed conditions are met.

Courts may impose a combined sentence on request by the prosecutor, and must do so when the stated conditions for multiple crimes are met.

Court may impose a combined sentence on the prosecutor’s request if the offender meets the listed conditions.

Jos henkilö suorittaa yhteistä vankeusrangaistusta ja eri rikokset johtaisivat eri määräosien soveltamiseen, hänet päästetään ehdonalaiseen vapauteen sen suuremman määräosan mukaan.

A person serving a combined prison sentence is released on parole according to the larger applicable share if different offences would otherwise use different shares under section 5(2).

A prisoner serving a full sentence may be released on parole after serving five-sixths of the sentence if they are no longer considered highly dangerous, and release cannot happen before three years of prison time have been served.

If a person who has served the prison term in a combined sentence commits a crime within three years after that prison term ends, it is an aggravating factor in sentencing.

Life-sentenced prisoners may be conditionally released after 12 years in custody, or after 10 years if the offence was committed before age 21.

If a person who has served the prison term in a composite sentence commits a new offense within three years after that term ends, the provision treats it as an aggravating circumstance.

If a person who has served the imprisonment part of a combined sentence commits certain offences within 3 years after release, that is an aggravating factor.

If a person who has served the imprisonment part of a combined sentence commits another offence within 3 years, it can count as an aggravating factor.

If a person who has served the prison term in a combined sentence commits an offence within three years after that term ends, the circumstance counts as an aggravating factor.

If a person who has completed the prison term in a combined sentence commits an offence within 3 years after that term ends, it is an aggravating factor for sentencing.

A prisoner serving multiple fixed-term prison sentences at the same time must be conditionally released after the calculated time served, and in any event by 15 years, or by 20 years if one sentence must be served in full under 11 §.

A prisoner serving several fixed-term sentences at the same time must be released on parole once the calculated time served reaches the stated fraction; in any case, release must occur by 15 years, or 20 years if one sentence was ordered to be served in full. A court may, on the prosecutor’s request, order that these maximum-time rules do not apply after a specified offence.

Ehdonalaisen vapauden koeajan pituus määräytyy jäljellä olevan jäännösrangaistuksen mukaan, mutta on enintään kolme vuotta; elinkautisessa vankeudessa koeajan ja jäännösrangaistuksen pituus on kolme vuotta.

Ehdonalaisen vapauden koeaika alkaa, kun tuomittu vapautetaan ehdonalaiseen vapauteen, ja se kestää vapautushetkellä jäljellä olevan jäännösrangaistuksen ajan, kuitenkin enintään kolme vuotta.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä syytetylle yhdistelmärangaistuksen, jos lain mukaiset edellytykset täyttyvät.

Conditional release probation lasts for the remaining sentence at release, but never more than three years; for a life sentence, it is three years.

Ehdonalaisen vapauden koeajan pituus määräytyy jäljellä olevan jäännösrangaistuksen mukaan, mutta se voi olla enintään kolme vuotta; elinkautisessa vankeudessa koeajan ja jäännösrangaistuksen pituus on kolme vuotta.

Parole probation starts at release and lasts for the remaining sentence time, but no more than three years; for a life sentence, both the probation period and remaining sentence are three years.

Parole probation lasts for the remaining sentence at release, but never more than three years; for life sentences, both the probation period and remaining sentence are three years.

Ehdonalaisen vapauden koeajan pituus määräytyy vapautumishetkellä jäljellä olevan jäännösrangaistuksen mukaan, mutta se voi olla enintään kolme vuotta; elinkautisessa vankeudessa koeaika ja jäännösrangaistus ovat kolme vuotta.

A prisoner may be placed in supervised trial release outside prison, using technical means and other supervision, for up to six months before release.

Vanki voidaan sijoittaa vankilan ulkopuolelle valvottuun koevapauteen enintään kuusi kuukautta ennen vapauttamista.

A court may, at the prosecutor’s request, order a residual sentence to be enforced if the convicted person commits an offence during probation and the charge is brought within one year after probation ends.

A court may, on the prosecutor’s request, order a residual sentence to be executed if the convicted person commits an offence during probation and the charge is brought within one year after probation ends.

If a person who has served the prison term in a combined sentence commits a crime within three years after the term ends, this can be an aggravating factor for sentencing.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä jäännösrangaistuksen täytäntöön, jos tuomittu tekee koeaikana uuden rikoksen ja tietyt aikarajat ja rangaistusedellytykset täyttyvät.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä jäännösrangaistuksen täytäntöön, jos tuomittu tekee koeaikana uuden rikoksen ja syyte nostetaan vuoden kuluessa koeajan päättymisestä.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä jäännösrangaistuksen täytäntöön, jos ehdonalaisessa koeajassa tehdään uusi rikos ja syyte nostetaan vuoden kuluessa koeajan päättymisestä.

Court may order a residual sentence to be enforced if the person on probation commits another offence during the probation period and the prosecutor requests enforcement.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta panna jäännösrangaistuksen täytäntöön, jos koeajalla tehty rikos täyttää tietyt ehdot.

This section allows postponing a prisoner’s conditional release in specified situations and requires the postponement decision to be reconsidered at least every six months.

A prisoner’s conditional release may be postponed with the prisoner’s consent, or without consent in certain dangerous situations.

Criminal liability and punishment must be based on law, and an act can be treated as punishable only if it was expressly punishable at the time it was committed.

Punishment and other criminal sanctions must be based on law, and a person may be found guilty of a crime only for an act that was specifically punishable by law at the time it was done.

On conditional release, the probation period starts and lasts as long as the remaining sentence at release, but no more than three years; for life sentences, it is three years.

A person may be found guilty of a crime only if the act was expressly punishable by law at the time it was done.

Criminal liability and punishment must be based on law, and only acts expressly punishable by law at the time of the act may be treated as crimes.

Punishment and other criminal sanctions must be based on law; a person may be found guilty only for an act that was expressly punishable by law at the time it was committed.

Punishment and other criminal sanctions must be based on law, and a person may be treated as guilty of a crime only for an act that was expressly punishable by law at the time it was done.

Criminal liability and criminal sanctions must have a basis in law, and only acts expressly punishable at the time may be treated as crimes.

Life-sentence prisoners may be released on parole only after they have served at least 12 years in prison, or 10 years if the offence was committed before age 21.

Life-sentence prisoners may be considered for conditional release after 12 years in prison, or after 10 years if the offence was committed before age 21.

A crime is generally assessed under the law in force when it was committed, with later law used if it leads to a lighter result.

This section says criminal conduct is normally judged under the law in force when the offence was committed, but a later law applies if it leads to a milder result.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä jäännösrangaistuksen pantavaksi täytäntöön, jos tuomittu tekee koeaikana uuden rikoksen ja syyte nostetaan vuoden kuluessa koeajan päättymisestä.

Criminal liability is generally assessed under the law in force when the act was committed, with some exceptions for later law and temporary laws.

The law to be applied is generally the law in force when the offence was committed, with exceptions for milder later law and certain temporary or cross-referenced criminal provisions.

The law to apply to a crime is generally the law in force when the crime was committed, with exceptions for milder later law and certain temporary or linked criminal provisions.

This section says which law applies to an offence: normally the law in force when the offence was committed, but a later law applies if it leads to a lighter result.

This section sets which law applies to a crime based on when the offence was committed, with a later law applied if it leads to a more lenient result.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä, että tuomittu vapautuu vankilasta vasta suoritettuaan rangaistuksensa kokonaan, jos laissa säädetyt edellytykset täyttyvät.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä, että tuomittu vapautuu vankilasta vasta suoritettuaan rangaistuksen kokonaan, jos laissa säädetyt rikostausta- ja vaarallisuusedellytykset täyttyvät.

An omission is punishable if the offence definition expressly says so, or if someone fails to prevent the result despite a special legal duty to do so.

An omission can be punishable when a person had a special legal duty to prevent the result and failed to do so.

A person can be treated as guilty of an offence only for an act that was expressly punishable by law at the time it was done.

Omission can be punishable if the offence definition says so, or if a person with a special legal duty fails to prevent the required consequence.

Omission can be punishable if the offence definition says so, or if a person had a special legal duty to prevent the result and failed to do so.

Laiminlyönti can be punishable if the offence definition expressly says so, or if a person with a special legal duty fails to prevent a result covered by the offence elements.

Omission can be punishable if the offence definition expressly says so, or if a person with a special legal duty to prevent a consequence fails to do so.

Omission can be punishable if the offence definition says so, or if a person with a special legal duty to prevent a result fails to do so.

A prisoner serving the whole sentence may be released on parole after serving five-sixths, if they are no longer considered extremely dangerous, and not before three years in prison have been served.

A person serving a full sentence may be released on parole after serving five-sixths of the sentence, if they are no longer considered very dangerous. The prisoner may also be placed in supervised probation before parole.

Criminal liability requires that the actor was at least 15 years old and sane at the time of the act.

Criminal liability requires the offender to be at least 15 years old and mentally responsible at the time of the act.

This section sets which law applies to a crime: normally the law in force when the offense was committed, but a later law applies if it leads to a more lenient result.

Criminal responsibility requires the actor to be at least 15 years old and responsible at the time of the act. If the person is not punishable because of mental state, the court must usually investigate the need for treatment unless that is manifestly unnecessary.

Rangaistusvastuu edellyttää, että tekijä on teon hetkellä vähintään 15-vuotias ja syyntakeinen. Jos tuomioistuin jättää syytetyn rankaisematta mielentilan vuoksi, sen on yleensä selvitettävä myös hoidon tarve. Päihtymystä tai muuta itse aiheutettua tilapäistä tajunnan häiriötä ei yleensä huomioida syyntakeisuusarvioinnissa.

Rangaistusvastuu edellyttää, että tekijä on teon hetkellä vähintään 15-vuotias ja syyntakeinen. Tuomioistuimen on yleensä selvitettävä syytetyn hoidon tarve, jos hänet jätetään mielentilan vuoksi tuomitsematta.

A person is criminally liable only if they were at least 15 years old and sane at the time of the act.

A person can be criminally responsible only if they were at least 15 years old and mentally capable at the time of the act.

Parole probation starts at release and lasts the remaining sentence time, but no longer than three years; for life imprisonment, both the probation period and remaining sentence are three years.

Conditional release probation starts when the prisoner is released, lasts for the remaining sentence at release, but no more than three years; for life imprisonment it is three years.

Rangaistusvastuu edellyttää tahallisuutta tai tuottamusta; muuten tässä laissa tarkoitettu teko on yleensä rangaistava vain tahallisena.

Criminal liability requires intent or negligence; unless otherwise provided, acts under this law are punishable only if intentional.

An omission can be punishable when the criminal definition expressly says so, or when a person fails to prevent a prohibited result despite a special legal duty to do so.

Criminal liability requires intent or negligence; unless otherwise provided, an act covered by this law is punishable only if intentional.

The provision says criminal liability requires intent or negligence, and default punishability is only intentional unless otherwise provided.

Criminal liability requires intent or negligence, and acts covered by this Act are punishable only intentionally unless the law says otherwise.

A criminal act is punishable only if it was intentional or negligent; otherwise, it is punishable only when expressly provided otherwise.

Rangaistusvastuu edellyttää tahallisuutta tai tuottamusta; ellei toisin säädetä, tässä laissa tarkoitettu teko on rangaistava vain tahallisena.

The court may order a residual sentence to be enforced if the convicted person commits a qualifying offence during probation and the prosecutor requests it.

Tuomioistuin voi syyttäjän vaatimuksesta määrätä jäännösrangaistuksen pantavaksi täytäntöön, jos koeaikana tehdään uusi rikos ja syyte nostetaan vuoden kuluessa koeajan päättymisestä.

This section defines when an act is done intentionally.

This section defines when an act is intentional: the actor intended the result, or regarded it as certain or very likely, or saw it as necessarily linked to the intended result.

A person can be punished only if they were at least 15 and criminally responsible at the time of the act; the court must also handle treatment-need review when a defendant is not sentenced because of mental state.

A result is intentional if the actor meant to cause it, or knew it was certain or very likely, including when the result was clearly linked to what the actor intended.

This provision explains when a result is treated as intentional.

A result is intentional if the actor intended it or regarded it as certain or highly probable; it is also intentional if the actor saw it as certainly connected to the intended result.

This section says an act is intentional if the actor meant the result to happen, or considered it certain or very likely.

This section defines when an act is intentional: when the actor meant the consequence to happen, considered it certain or very likely, or viewed it as certainly connected to what they intended.

Rikokseen syylliseksi ja rikosoikeudellinen seuraamus voidaan perustaa vain lakiin nimenomaan säädettyyn tekoon.

Only acts expressly made punishable by law at the time of the act may be treated as crimes, and punishment or other criminal sanctions must have a legal basis.

The section defines negligence and gross negligence, and says an act based more on accident than negligence is not punishable.

A person is negligent if they breach the duty of care required by the circumstances even though they could have complied. Gross negligence is assessed case by case. Acts based more on accident than negligence are not punished.

Criminal liability requires intent or negligence; otherwise, acts covered by this law are punishable only if intentional.

Negligence exists when a person breaches the duty of care required by the circumstances, even if they could have complied; gross negligence is judged case by case, and acts based more on accident than negligence are not punished.

Negligence exists when a person fails to follow the care required by the circumstances even though they could have done so; gross negligence is judged by an overall assessment.

The section defines negligence as failing to follow the duty of care required by the circumstances, even though the actor could have complied, and says gross negligence is judged by an overall assessment.

The provision defines negligence and gross negligence, and says an act based more on accident than negligence is not punishable.

An act is negligent if the actor breaches the required duty of care despite being able to comply; gross negligence is assessed case by case, and acts based more on accident than negligence are not punished.

This section says criminal cases are generally decided under the law that was in force when the offence was committed, with a possible exception for a later law that produces a more lenient result.

This section sets which law applies over time to a criminal act, including when a later law is milder.

If a person is unaware of a fact needed for an offence or is mistaken about it, the act is not intentional.

If the actor is mistaken about an element required for the offense, the act is not intentional.

A consequence is treated as intentional if the actor meant to cause it, or regarded it as certain or highly likely.

If the actor is unaware of, or mistaken about, a fact needed for the offence, the act is not intentional.

If the actor is unaware of, or mistaken about, facts required for the offence’s elements, the act is not intentional.

If the actor is mistaken about an element required for the offence, the act is not intentional.

If the actor is unaware of a fact required for the offence, or is mistaken about it, the act is not intentional.

Jos tekijä ei tiedä kaikkia rikoksen tunnusmerkistön edellyttämiä seikkoja tai erehtyy niistä, teko ei ole tahallinen.

An omission can be punishable if the offence definition expressly says so, or if a person with a special legal duty to prevent the consequence fails to do so.

An omission can be punishable if the offense definition says so, or if the actor failed to prevent the required consequence despite a special legal duty to do so.

A person who mistakenly thinks an act is allowed is free from criminal liability if the mistake is clearly excusable.

A person who wrongly thinks their act is permitted is free from criminal liability if the mistake is clearly excusable.

Huolimattomuus syntyy, jos tekijä rikkoo häneltä vaadittavaa huolellisuusvelvollisuutta. Törkeän huolimattomuuden arviointi tehdään kokonaisarvostelulla, ja tapaturmaan perustuvasta teosta ei rangaista.

If a person mistakenly thinks an act is permitted, they are free from criminal liability when the mistake is manifestly excusable.

If a person mistakenly thinks an act is allowed, they are exempt from criminal responsibility if the mistake is manifestly excusable.

If the actor mistakenly thinks the act is allowed, they are exempt from liability when the mistake is clearly excusable.

Jos tekijä erehtyy pitämään tekonsa sallituksi ja erehdys on ilmeisen anteeksiannettava, hän on vapaa rangaistusvastuusta.

Jos tekijä erehtyy luulemaan tekonsa sallituksi, hän voi olla vapaa rangaistusvastuusta, jos erehdys on selvästi anteeksiannettava.

Rangaistusvastuu edellyttää, että tekijä on vähintään 15-vuotias ja syyntakeinen. Jos tekijä on syyntakeeton tai alentuneesti syyntakeinen, tämä vaikuttaa vastuuseen ja rangaistuksen määräämiseen. Tuomioistuimen on tietyissä tapauksissa selvitettävä myös hoidon tarve.

A person is criminally responsible only if they were at least 15 years old at the time of the act and are legally sane.

Jos tekijä on perustellusti erehtynyt vastuuvapausperusteesta, häntä ei rangaista tahallisesta rikoksesta.

If the actor reasonably believed an exonerating ground applied, they are not punished for an intentional offence.

If the offender is unaware of, or mistakes, a required fact at the time of the act, the act is not intentional.

If the actor reasonably thought an excuse ground applied, they are not punished for an intentional offence.

A person is not punished for an intentional offence if, based on a reasonable understanding of the situation, an exculpatory ground would have applied.

If the actor reasonably believed an excuse ground applied, they are not punished for an intentional offence.

If the actor reasonably thought an exculpation ground in sections 4–6 applied, they are not punished for an intentional offence.

If the actor reasonably thought an exemption ground applied, they are not punished for an intentional offence; liability for a negligent offence may still be possible.

This section says criminal responsibility requires intent or negligence, and that an act under this law is punishable only intentionally unless another rule says otherwise.

Criminal liability requires intent or negligence, unless another rule provides otherwise; otherwise, acts under this law are punishable only when intentional.

Tarpeellinen puolustusteko on sallittu, kun torjutaan alkanut tai välittömästi uhkaava oikeudeton hyökkäys, ellei teko mene selvästi yli puolustettavan rajan.

Tarpeellinen puolustusteko on sallittu oikeudettoman hyökkäyksen torjumiseksi, jos se ei selvästi ylitä puolustettavaa tasoa. Jos raja ylittyy, tekijä voi silti olla vapaa rangaistusvastuusta tietyissä olosuhteissa.

A person is free from criminal responsibility if they mistakenly believe their act is permitted and the mistake is clearly excusable.

Necesary self-defensive acts against an ongoing or imminent unlawful attack are allowed, unless they clearly go beyond what is defensible overall.

A person is free from criminal liability if self-defense exceeded its limits and the circumstances were such that a different response could not reasonably have been expected.

Tarpeellinen puolustusteko on sallittu, kun torjutaan alkanutta tai välittömästi uhkaavaa oikeudetonta hyökkäystä, ellei teko selvästi ylitä puolustettavaa tasoa. Hätävarjelun rajojen ylitys voi silti vapauttaa tekijän rangaistusvastuusta, jos olosuhteet olivat sellaiset, ettei muuta suhtautumista voitu kohtuudella vaatia.

A necessary defensive act against an initiated or immediately threatened unlawful attack is allowed, unless it clearly goes beyond what is defensible overall.

Tarpeellinen puolustusteko on sallittu torjumaan aloitettua tai välittömästi uhkaavaa oikeudetonta hyökkäystä, mutta teko ei saa selvästi ylittää sitä, mitä voidaan kokonaisuutena pitää puolustettavana. Jos hätävarjelun rajat ylitetään, tekijä voi silti olla vapaa rangaistusvastuusta tietyissä olosuhteissa.

A result is treated as intentional if the actor meant to cause it, considered it certain or very likely, or saw it as necessarily linked to the intended result.

The provision defines when a consequence is considered intentional.

A necessary act to avert an immediate and compelling danger to a legally protected interest is allowed if it is defensible overall; if the act is not allowed under paragraph 1, the actor may still be free from criminal liability in some cases.

A person may avoid criminal liability if the act was necessary to protect a legally protected interest and the situation made a different response unreasonable.

If the actor reasonably believed an exculpatory ground existed in the situation, they are not punished for an intentional offence, but negligent-offence liability may still apply.

A necessary act to avert an immediate, compelling danger to a legally protected interest is permitted if it is overall defensible; otherwise, the actor may be free from criminal liability if a different response could not reasonably have been expected.

Tehty teko voi olla sallittu pakkotilassa, jos se on tarpeellinen ja kokonaisuutena puolustettava; muuten tekijä voi silti olla vapaa rangaistusvastuusta tietyissä olosuhteissa.

A necessary act to avert an immediate and compelling danger to a legally protected interest is allowed if it is overall defensible. If the act is not allowed, the actor may still be exempt from criminal liability when no other response could reasonably have been expected.

A necessary act to avert an immediate and compelling danger to a legally protected interest is allowed if it is, on balance, defensible.

An act needed to avert an immediate and compelling danger to a legally protected interest may be allowed if it is overall defensible. If the act is not allowed under that rule, the actor is free from criminal liability when a different response could not reasonably have been expected.

Huolimattomuus syntyy, kun tekijä rikkoo häneltä vaadittavaa huolellisuusvelvollisuutta; törkeyttä arvioidaan kokonaisuutena, ja tapaturmaan perustuvasta teosta ei rangaista.

This section defines negligence, explains how gross negligence is assessed, and says acts based more on accident than negligence are not punished.

When force is used, only necessary and overall defensible measures may be used. In exceptional cases, a person may be free from criminal liability if the force limits were exceeded but there were very weighty reasons and the person’s position, training, the task’s importance, and the surprise of the situation are taken into account.

Force may be used only with measures that are necessary for the task and defensible overall in light of the task’s importance, urgency, the danger of resistance, and the situation.

Necessary self-defense against an initiated or imminent unlawful attack is allowed, unless it clearly goes beyond what is defensible overall.

Using force is limited to necessary and overall defensible measures; a person who exceeds the stated limits is exempt from criminal liability if very weighty reasons show that a different response could not reasonably have been required.

Force may be used only with measures that are necessary for the task and defensible overall, considering urgency, danger, and the situation. If the limits are exceeded, the actor can be exempt from criminal liability in the stated exceptional case.

Voimakeinoja saa käyttää vain tehtävän kannalta tarpeellisesti ja kokonaisuutena puolustettavasti arvioitavilla tavoilla, ja joissakin ylitystilanteissa tekijä voi olla vapaa rangaistusvastuusta.

Voimakeinoja saa käyttää vain tehtävän kannalta tarpeellisiin ja kokonaisuutena puolustettaviin toimiin, kun huomioidaan tehtävän tärkeys, kiireellisyys, vastarinnan vaarallisuus ja tilanne muutenkin.

The section says rules on use of force in official duties or comparable reasons are set separately by law, and force may be used only with measures necessary for the task and overall defensible in light of the task’s importance, urgency, the danger of resistance, and the situation.