Maanvuokralaki

Chapter 1: General provisions.

This section says that a lease of a property or area, whether for a fixed term or indefinitely and for a set rent, is governed by this law.

This section says the term for landlord also includes a person who lawfully acquired the landlord’s right to the leased area after the lease agreement was made, unless otherwise provided by law.

Vuokrasopimus on yleensä tehtävä kirjallisesti ja allekirjoitettava; tietyissä lyhyissä tai toistaiseksi voimassa olevissa vuokrauksissa suullinen sopimus on sallittu.

Certain lease terms are void or can be reduced if they are contrary to good practice or unreasonable; consumer-business lease disputes follow consumer protection rules for adjustment.

The tenant may use the leased area as allowed by the lease, but may not hand over or remove items from it, or cut or damage trees and shrubs, without the landlord’s consent unless the lease or law says otherwise.

Vuokra-alueen tai sen osan luovuttaminen toisen hallintaan on kielletty, ellei toisin ole sovittu.

Rent must be set in money; if it was agreed in natural products or work, it must be converted into money on demand or when collected, using the value at the rental area’s location at that time.

If rent payment time has not been agreed, rent must be paid annually by the stated deadline; money rent may be paid through a bank or payment service provider, and contrary contract terms are void.

If the lease term is agreed to be longer than allowed by law, the lease ends when the maximum permitted lease term expires. A shorter permitted lease term may be extended, as long as the total term does not exceed the statutory maximum, except for ground leases.

The tenant must keep the leased area, crops, and the landlord’s buildings and other property in good condition during the lease unless the parties agree otherwise.

If a tenant uses leased property for a purpose other than the lease allows, the tenant must compensate the damage.

Vuokraoikeus voi sitoa myöhempää omistajaa tai muuta oikeudenhaltijaa, ja se pysyy voimassa, ellei omistaja ilmoita sen lakkaamisesta määräajassa.

The tenant may claim compensation and related relief when the lease ends early or part of the leased area is lost, and later landlords may be jointly liable in one situation.

If the lease area’s usable capacity substantially decreases or increases for reasons outside the area and the parties, rent adjustment and termination rights follow the rules in section 15; in a substantial increase, the landlord has a corresponding right to seek rent adjustment or, except for a land lease agreement, terminate the lease.

The tenant may request a rent review and end the lease, and may also receive redemption/compensation if the lease right ends because of land survey or expropriation.

The landlord must pay certain drainage, road-making, and similar work costs that the leased area is required by law to share, unless the parties agreed otherwise.

A landlord may terminate a lease if the tenant’s property enters bankruptcy and the bankruptcy estate does not take over the lease obligations within at least one month; the landlord cannot terminate just because pre-bankruptcy rent is unpaid.

Vuokralainen voi tietyissä tilanteissa purkaa vuokrasopimuksen, vaatia vuokran alennusta tai vapautusta vuokrasta, ja joissain tapauksissa korjata puutteet vuokranantajan kustannuksella.

The landlord may terminate the lease, except a land lease contract, if the tenant transfers the lease right unlawfully, fails to pay rent after notice, or seriously breaches maintenance or use rules. The right to terminate can lapse if the tenant cures the breach first or if the landlord waits too long. If terminated on these grounds, the lease ends immediately and the landlord may claim damages.

A fixed-term lease ends when the lease period ends without notice. An open-ended lease may be terminated at any time.

Landlords and tenants must give written notice when terminating or rescinding a lease, and the notice must include required grounds or end dates in certain cases.

When a lease is terminated, the lease relationship ends unless otherwise agreed.

Certain plots and building sites may be leased for housing by land-lease right, and the lease contract must state that the lease is made by land-lease right.

Ground lease contracts must be registered on application, and amendments are ineffective until registered.

A plot lease must be for a fixed term of at least 30 and at most 100 years.

When rent-payment terms are adjusted, the decision must consider fair rent level, the plot’s use, and local land value; if rent is reduced, the landlord can be ordered to refund overpaid rent for up to the last two years.

The tenant may transfer the land lease right to someone else without the landlord’s consent, and the right can be inherited and left by will.

The leasehold right includes buildings, permanent equipment and installations, and trees and shrubs on the plot, but not certain wires and equipment. If included property was not already the tenant’s, ownership passes to the tenant and the landlord may claim compensation unless the lease deed says otherwise.

A mortgage may be confirmed over a plot leasehold right, including what is covered by section 31, as security for a claim or other right.

When a leasehold right is in force, property covered by it may not be distrained or seized except by targeting the leasehold right as a whole.

When a lease ends, the landlord must redeem certain buildings, trees, shrubs, and fixed equipment/installations that pass into the landlord’s ownership, unless this Act provides otherwise.

If the lease term is extended or the plot is immediately re-let to the former tenant when the lease ends, the landlord’s obligation to pay the redemption under section 34 shifts to the end of the new lease term or until the agreement otherwise ends.

If the landlord notifies the tenant at least six months before the lease ends that they are willing to make a new land lease on the same terms, and the tenant does not accept, the landlord’s redemption obligation under section 34 lapses.

The tenant keeps control of the land and related property until the landlord has paid the redemption amount under section 34 or given acceptable security, must care for the property while in possession, and does not have to insure the property.

When the tenant is not entitled to redemption, the tenant must remove its buildings, equipment, installations, trees, and shrubs when the lease ends and restore the site, unless otherwise agreed.

If the lease term is extended, or the plot is immediately leased again to the former tenant when the lease ends, a mortgage over the leasehold right keeps its previous priority.

If the same person becomes both the owner of the plot and the leasehold holder, the leasehold does not end until the lease registration is removed. A mortgage holder on the leasehold may claim payment from the leasehold if the secured value has materially fallen because the property was neglected or otherwise damaged.

If a leasehold right is pledged as security, the mortgage holder has the same right to redemption or compensation. Payment to the lessee is allowed only if the lessee gives security accepted by the mortgage holder or the mortgage holder consents; otherwise the amount must be deposited with the provincial authority.

Vuokra-aikana sovittu muutos tai lisäys tontinvuokrasopimukseen ei sido kiinnityksen haltijaa, ellei sitä ollut rekisteröity haettaessa kiinnitystä tai ellei haltija hyväksynyt sitä kirjallisesti; vuokra-ajan pidentäminen on poikkeus.

A land lease agreement is registered by entering the land lease right it creates.

Registration is allowed only if the lease agreement is in the required legal form and meets the law, and if the land is free of listed encumbrances and disputes.

Changes or additions to a land lease agreement must be registered in the same way as previously provided; sections 46–48 are repealed.

The owner may apply to remove the land registration in certain lease-termination situations.

If land or other real estate is leased for housing use in certain housing arrangements, the lease is subject to this provision and Chapters 1, 6, and 7.

Residential area lease agreements must be for a fixed term, up to 100 years, and in some cases at least 30 years.

The tenant may transfer the lease right to someone else without the landlord’s consent unless the lease deed forbids it.

The landlord may terminate the lease if the tenant has not completed the agreed building obligation on time, unless the tenant’s delay is minor.

Kun tietty vuokrasopimus päättyy, vuokranantajan on yleensä lunastettava vuokramiehen rakennukset, pysyvät laitteet ja laitokset sekä istutetut puut ja pensaat, ellei toisin ole sovittu.

If a residential area rent payment is unreasonable, the rent term must be adjusted in line with section 29; sections 35–38 also apply as applicable.

A built farm may be leased for up to 25 years for mainly agricultural use; if no lease term is written, the lease is treated as two years.

Vuokramies ei saa siirtää vuokraoikeutta ilman vuokranantajan lupaa, ellei suostumus ole annettu vuokrakirjassa.

Half of the farm buildings must be made available to the landlord or the landlord’s designee 14 days before the lease term ends.

If an essential landlord-owned building on the leased area is destroyed or badly damaged without the tenant’s fault, and the landlord does not rebuild or repair it within a reasonable time, the tenant may rely on the rent-adjustment and termination rules in section 15. If the damage is less serious, the tenant still has a right to rent adjustment.

If a tenant builds on leased land, ownership and redemption rights depend on whether the landlord gave written permission, and the tenant may have to remove the building and restore the site if the landlord does not redeem it.

A tenant may claim compensation at the end of the lease for certain improvements made to the leased area, if the landlord gave written permission.

A tenant may be entitled to reasonable compensation from the landlord for certain improvements when the lease ends, unless the parties agreed otherwise or the tenant has already been compensated under another provision.

If the tenant has sown the leased area but cannot harvest before the lease ends, the crop goes to the landlord, and the landlord must reimburse the tenant’s sowing costs.

Vuokramiehellä on oikeus ottaa puuta vuokra-alueen metsästä, jos vuokrasopimuksessa niin määrätään.

Ellei vuokrakirjassa toisin sovita, vuokra-alueen kalastusoikeus kuuluu vuokranantajalle.

A tenant’s hunting rights are governed by separate provisions.

After the lease ends, the tenant does not have to give up the farm until the landlord has paid the required compensation/redemption or given acceptable security. While in possession, the tenant must care for the farm and its property and pay a consideration matching the rent due at lease end.

Agricultural land without the needed residential and farm buildings, or with insufficient buildings, may be leased for up to 20 years mainly for farming.

If a property or area is leased for a purpose other than that covered in Chapters 2–4, the lease is subject to the provisions of this Act and Chapters 1, 6, and 7.

A lease contract must be for a fixed term of up to 100 years, or be indefinite; if no lease term is stated, it is treated as indefinite.

Vuokramies may transfer the leasehold to another person without the landlord’s consent if the lease is written and the transfer is not prohibited in the lease record.

The tenant may get compensation for improvements only if agreed. If the tenant built a building or facility on the lease area, the landlord may redeem it after written notice before the lease ends, and if not redeemed the tenant must remove it and restore the site within three months unless otherwise agreed.

Rental-contract disputes may be taken to court for conciliation, and consumer–business contract disputes may be brought before the Consumer Disputes Board, as provided in separate laws.

Lease disputes may be referred to arbitration under the Arbitration Act; a consumer-business arbitration clause’s binding effect is governed by the Consumer Protection Act.

The municipal building authority must, on request by an interested party, give a written certificate and a statement about specified lease-related planning and building rules and about the suitability of the property or area for its intended use.

This Act applies to leases of state-owned land unless a separate rule says otherwise.

This section says the law applies to rent for certain church office buildings and parts of them, unless another law says otherwise. It does not apply to church land referred to in section 356 of the Church Law.

This section says the law does not apply to a contract that leases a building or part of a building and also transfers the land area for use with the apartment.

The law says that more detailed rules for implementing and applying this Act may be issued by regulation when needed.

The law starts on 1 September 1966, repeals several earlier lease-related rules, and generally does not apply to leases made before it entered into force except for section 91.

This section extends existing rent-reduction and overpayment-refund rules to certain older land lease agreements and lists several later commencement/transition rules.