Domstolslag

This heading identifies Part I, Chapter 1, “General provisions.”

This section is the general provisions chapter on courts and judges.

This section says the Act applies to courts, judges, other court members, court staff, and certain judicial bodies, with special rules for the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court.

This section says the law applies to courts, judges, other court members, court staff, and certain judicial boards, with stated exceptions for the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court statutes.

This section lists the courts that belong to Finland’s general courts, administrative courts, and special courts.

This section lists Finland’s general courts, general administrative courts, and special courts.

Tuomioistuimet käyttävät perustuslain niille antamaa tuomiovaltaa ja ovat sitä käyttäessään riippumattomia.

Courts exercise the judicial power belonging to them under the Constitution and are independent when exercising that power.

Courts must organize their own operations in accordance with this and other laws, and the court approves the rules of procedure for more detailed working arrangements.

Courts must organize their own operations in accordance with the law, and the court approves its rules of procedure.

This provision lists who counts as judges in different Finnish courts and allows courts to have other members if another law says so.

Tässä pykälässä luetellaan, ketkä kuuluvat eri tuomioistuimissa tuomareihin, ja todetaan, että tuomioistuimessa voi lisäksi olla muita jäseniä lain mukaan.

A judge must be independent when exercising judicial power.

A judge must be independent when exercising judicial power.

A judge and other court members must give the prescribed oath before starting the job.

Judges and other court members must give a judicial oath before starting their duties.

Käräjäoikeus käsittelee riita-, rikos- ja hakemusasiat yleensä ensimmäisenä oikeusasteena sekä muut sille lailla säädetyt asiat.

Käräjäoikeus käsittelee riita-, rikos- ja hakemusasiat ensimmäisenä oikeusasteena, jollei toisin säädetä, ja myös muut sille lailla säädetyt asiat.

The district court handles and decides cases in hearings and in chambers.

Käräjäoikeus käsittelee ja ratkaisee asiat istunnossa ja kansliassa.

This section says which district courts exist and states that land courts, maritime courts, and military courts are regulated separately.

This section lists the district courts and says that land, maritime, and military courts are regulated separately.

Käräjäoikeudella on oltava kanslia, ja sillä voi tarvittaessa olla useampi kanslia ja istuntopaikka.

District courts must have a registry office, may have more than one registry office and hearing location if needed, and the Ministry of Justice regulates where those offices and hearing places are located.

Käräjäoikeuden tuomiopiiri voi muodostua yhdestä tai useammasta maakunnasta tai niiden kunnista, ellei laissa toisin säädetä.

District court judicial districts consist of one or more municipalities, unless otherwise provided by law, and they are regulated by government decree.

The district court’s members are the laamanni and district judges, and it may also include lay members and military members.

This section lists the members of a district court and says when lay judges or military judges may also participate.

A district court acting as a land court must have a responsible land court judge and a land court engineer, and the chief judge may appoint at least one district court judge to handle land court matters for up to five years at a time.

A land court panel includes a judge handling land court matters and a land survey engineer; the chief judge may appoint at least one district court judge to handle land court matters for up to five years at a time.

The Court of Appeal handles appeals, complaints, extraordinary appeals, and other matters assigned to it by law; it also hears certain official misconduct cases as a first-instance court.

Hovioikeus must handle certain appeals, complaints, other extraordinary appeals, and other matters assigned to it by law. It also must act as the first-instance court for certain official misconduct cases involving judges, other court officials, and prosecutors.

Hovioikeuden on valvottava käräjäoikeuksiaan, korjattava havaitut epäkohdat tarvittaessa ja raportoitava havainnoistaan sekä ilmoitettava tietyistä seikoista oikeuskanslerille.

The court of appeal supervises district courts in its district, may obtain needed information from relevant authorities, and must report certain findings to oversight officials.

Hovioikeus must handle administrative judicial matters and other matters assigned to it by law.

Hovioikeus käsittelee oikeushallintoasiat ja muut lailla sille ratkaistaviksi säädetyt asiat.

The court of appeal must handle and decide cases in a session, either on presentation or in a main hearing. The chair is the president or a court councillor.

The Court of Appeal handles and decides legal matters in session, either on presentation or in oral hearing.

This provision says which courts of appeal exist.

The provision states that the appellate courts are the Helsinki, Itä-Suomi, Rovaniemi, Turku, and Vaasa courts.

The appeal court’s session must be held in its location municipality, but main hearings may be held elsewhere in its district for need, or outside the district for special reasons.

Hovioikeuden istunto pidetään sen sijaintipaikkakunnalla, mutta pääkäsittely voidaan tietyissä tilanteissa pitää muualla.

A court of appeal district is one or more district court districts, unless law provides otherwise, and the districts are set by government decree.

The appellate court districts are the districts of one or more district courts, unless otherwise separately provided by law.

The section states who the members of the Court of Appeal are, allows additional assessors, and says the Helsinki Court of Appeal also has military members for military cases.

This provision says who the members of the Court of Appeal are, allows it to have assessors, and adds military members in the Helsinki Court of Appeal for military justice cases.

Hallinto-oikeus must käsitellä and resolve the administrative appeals, administrative disputes, and other matters assigned to its jurisdiction by law.

Hallinto-oikeus käsittelee ja ratkaisee sille laissa kuuluvat hallinto-oikeudelliset valitukset, hallintoriita-asiat ja muut asiat.

Hallinto-oikeus käsittelee ja ratkaisee asiat istunnossa esittelystä.

The administrative court must handle and decide matters in a session on presentation. The chairperson is the chief judge or a legally trained administrative court judge.

This section says which administrative courts exist: Helsinki, Hämeenlinna, Eastern Finland, Northern Finland, Turku, and Vaasa.

The administrative courts are Helsinki, Hämeenlinna, Eastern Finland, Northern Finland, Turku, and Vaasa.

An administrative court district consists of one or more provinces, unless another law provides otherwise. The districts and their locations are set by government decree.

Hallinto-oikeuden tuomiopiiri on yksi tai useampi maakunta, ellei lailla toisin säädetä. Tuomiopiireistä ja niiden sijaintipaikoista säädetään valtioneuvoston asetuksella.

Administrative courts have a president and administrative court judges; they may also have assessors and expert members.

Hallinto-oikeuden jäsenet ovat ylituomari ja hallinto-oikeustuomarit; hallinto-oikeudessa voi lisäksi olla asessoreja ja asiantuntijajäseniä.

Markkinaoikeus toimii erityistuomioistuimena tietyissä kilpailu-, valvonta-, hankinta-, teollis- ja tekijänoikeus- sekä markkinaoikeudellisissa asioissa.

The Market Court serves as a special court for competition, supervision, procurement, intellectual property, and market-law matters.

The section lists the members of the Market Court and says it may also have assessors and expert members.

The Market Court’s members are the Chief Judge, Market Court judges, and Market Court engineers. The court may also have assessors, and it has expert members with subject-matter expertise in competition/supervision, procurement, industrial and copyright matters, and market court matters.

Työtuomioistuin toimii erityistuomioistuimena työ- ja virkaehtosopimusriidoissa ja käsittelee lain sille määräämät valitusasiat.

The Labour Court acts as a special court for disputes about collective agreements and employment-service agreements, and it handles appeals assigned to it by law.

The labour court is composed of a president and a labour court counsellor, may also have an assessor, and has fourteen expert members.

This provision states who the Labour Court’s members are and that it may also have an assessor and 14 expert members.

Vakuutusoikeus toimii toimeentuloturva-asioiden erityistuomioistuimena lain nojalla kuuluvissa asioissa.

Vakuutusoikeus toimii toimeentuloturva-asioiden erityistuomioistuimena sille lain nojalla kuuluvissa asioissa.

The provision lists who makes up the insurance court and sets duties for the chief physician member.

The insurance court includes the chief judge and insurance court judges, may also have assessors, and has a chief medical officer who must supervise consistency in medical members’ legal principles and interpretation.

The chief judge leads the court and is responsible for its performance. The court may have a steering group to support the chief judge, and that group must handle key management, administration, finance, operations, and staffing matters.

The chief judge leads the court and is responsible for its performance. A court may have a leadership group, which must consider key administrative and operational matters.

Päällikkötuomarin on huolehdittava tuomioistuimen toimintakyvystä, asetettava ja seurattava tulostavoitteita, valvottava ratkaisujen oikeusperiaatteiden ja laintulkinnan yhdenmukaisuutta sekä osallistuttava lainkäyttöön muiden tehtävien sallimissa rajoissa.

Päällikkötuomarin on huolehdittava tuomioistuimen toimintakyvystä, kehitettävä sitä, asetettava tulostavoitteet, valvottava ratkaisujen yhdenmukaisuutta ja osallistuttava lainkäyttöön muiden tehtävien sallimissa rajoissa.

The chief judge decides the court’s administrative and financial matters unless another official has been assigned to decide them.

The chief judge decides the court’s administrative and financial matters unless another official has been assigned to decide them.

The court may be divided into divisions, and the division arrangement is set in the working order. A legally trained judge appointed by the chief judge leads a division unless the chief judge leads it personally.

Tuomioistuin voi toimia jaettuna osastoihin. Yksi määrätty lainoppinut tuomari johtaa osastoa, ellei päällikkötuomari itse johda sitä.

Päällikkötuomari voi määrätä tuomioistuimen lainoppineen tuomarin osaston johtajaksi enintään kolmeksi vuodeksi kerrallaan. Määräys voidaan myös peruuttaa painavasta syystä.

The chief judge appoints a division head from among the court’s legally trained judges for up to three years at a time, the post must be publicly announced for application, the appointee must have the required personal qualities and leadership skills, and the appointment may be revoked for a weighty reason.

The department head must lead the department’s work and oversee planning, organization, results, and consistent legal interpretation in decisions.

The department head must lead the department’s work and oversee consistent application of legal principles and legal interpretation in departmental decisions.

Asiat on jaettava valmisteltaviksi ja ratkaistaviksi työjärjestyksen perusteiden mukaan, jotka ovat selkeät ja turvaavat asianosaisille riippumattoman, puolueettoman ja joutuisan käsittelyn.

Matters must be allocated and decided under clear procedural grounds, and parties have a right to have their case resolved independently, impartially, and promptly.

A case assigned to a judge may be reassigned against that judge’s will only for a weighty reason, and the reassignment decision must be justified.

A case already assigned to a judge may be reassigned against that judge’s wishes only for a weighty reason, and the reassignment decision must be reasoned.

Päällikkötuomari vahvistaa tuomioistuimen työjärjestyksen kuultuaan ensin johtoryhmää tai, jos johtoryhmää ei ole, vakinaisia tuomareita.

The chief judge confirms the court’s working order after hearing the management group, or the permanent judges if there is no management group. The working order is public and must be available to everyone.

Courts must give an annual report on their activities, and they may also prepare a joint report.

Courts must give an annual report on their activities. They may also prepare a joint report.

A judge must exercise judicial power independently and handle assigned cases diligently and without delay.

A judge must decide assigned cases, act carefully and conscientiously, and handle matters promptly; the judge exercises judicial power independently and is bound only by law.

The section says a judge’s responsibility for official acts is regulated in the Constitution and elsewhere in law.

The provision says a judge’s responsibility for official acts is governed by Constitution Section 118 and other laws.

If a case is decided in court by law through presentation, a judge may act as rapporteur.

A judge may act as a rapporteur when a case is decided by the court by law on presentation.

Tuomarin on pidettävä ja kehitettävä laintuntemustaan, oikeudellista osaamistaan ja ammattitaitoaan. Tuomareille on myös oltava tarjolla riittävästi koulutusta, ja heidän on voitava osallistua siihen.

Judge(s) must maintain and develop their legal knowledge, legal expertise, and professional skills. Sufficient training must be available for judges, and they must be able to participate in it.

A judge may not take or keep certain secondary employment unless a court grants a permit, and a permit may not be granted for acting as an arbitrator named by one party in a dispute.

A judge may not take or keep a secondary job unless the court grants a permit on application; the court may not grant that permit for acting as an arbitrator appointed by one party in a dispute.

A court grants a secondary employment permit on application, and the applicant must disclose information about the parties to any arbitration dispute in the application.

Judges apply for a side-employment permit from the court that employs them, with special assignations for certain court presidents and chief judges.

A judge must report annual side-job income to the court if the total exceeds 10,000 euros, name the side jobs, name the payer for non-arbitration side jobs, and report the end of a side job promptly.

Tuomarin on ilmoitettava tuomioistuimelle sivutoimista saamansa tulot vuosittain, jos ne ylittävät 10 000 euroa, sekä ilmoitettava sivutoimien päättymisestä viipymättä.

This provision sets the general eligibility requirements for appointment as a judge.

A judge may be appointed only if the person meets the stated qualification requirements.

People may be appointed as President or member of the Supreme Court or Supreme Administrative Court only if they are a distinguished legal expert who meets section 1 requirements well; presidents must also have leadership skills.

Korkeimman oikeuden ja korkeimman hallinto-oikeuden presidentiksi tai jäseneksi voidaan nimittää vain etevä laintuntija, joka täyttää 1 §:n vaatimukset hyvin. Presidentiltä vaaditaan lisäksi johtamistaitoa.

A person may be appointed chief judge if they also have leadership skills and meet the conditions in section 1.

A person may be appointed as a chief judge only if they meet the requirements in section 1 and have leadership skills.

The responsible land court judge must be familiar with real estate legislation and the handling of real estate matters.

Maaoikeutena toimivan käräjäoikeuden maaoikeusasioiden vastuutuomarin on oltava perehtynyt kiinteistölainsäädäntöön ja kiinteistöasioiden käsittelyyn.

The office requires a suitable engineering degree in surveying, plus good experience in property delivery work and good familiarity with property valuation.

The land court engineer post in a district court acting as a land court requires a suitable engineering degree in surveying, good experience in carrying out real property deliveries, and good familiarity with property valuation.

A non-law-trained administrative court member participating in certain water and environmental protection cases must have an appropriate higher university degree in engineering or natural sciences and be familiar with the relevant tasks under the applicable legislation.

A non-legal member of an administrative court who handles Water Act or Environmental Protection Act cases must have a suitable higher university degree in engineering or natural sciences, and must be familiar with duties in the area of the applicable legislation.

The chief judge and judges of the Market Court must also be familiar with certain competition, supervision, procurement, intellectual property, or market court matters.

Markkinaoikeuden ylituomarilta ja tuomarilta edellytetään, että he tuntevat kilpailu-, valvonta-, hankinta-, teollis- tai tekijänoikeus- tai markkinaoikeusasioita.

A person may be appointed as a market court engineer only if they meet the listed qualification requirements.

A person may be appointed as a market court engineer only if they meet the stated qualification and character requirements.

A person being appointed as a judge must have excellent oral and written command of the majority language in the court district, plus the required skill in the other language depending on whether the court is unilingual or bilingual.

A judge appointee must have excellent spoken and written skills in the majority language of the court district, plus the required second-language skills depending on whether the court is monolingual or bilingual.

Bilingual district courts must have enough district judge posts, and at least one such post must always exist; appointees must have strong minority-language and satisfactory majority-language skills.

Bilingual district courts must have enough district judge offices to protect language rights, with at least one such office, and appointees must meet the stated minority- and majority-language proficiency requirements.

In bilingual appellate, administrative, market, and insurance courts, there may be enough legally trained judge posts, and appointees must have the required language skills.

Bilingual appeal, administrative, market, and insurance courts may have enough legally trained judge posts, and appointees must have the language skills required by section 10(1).

Erivapautta ei voida myöntää tuomarin viran kelpoisuusvaatimuksista.

A special exemption cannot be granted from the qualification requirements for a judge’s office.

The provision states how certain judicial offices are filled: judges are generally appointed permanently unless appointed to a fixed-term post under Chapter 12 section 1, assistant judges are appointed for a fixed term under Chapter 18 section 1, chief judges are appointed for a fixed term under section 2, and the presidents of the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court are appointed permanently.

Judges are generally appointed permanently, but some roles are appointed for a fixed term under the listed rules.

A chief judge post is filled for a fixed term of seven years, unless a shorter term is allowed in specified cases.

A chief judge post is a fixed-term judicial office, normally filled for seven years at a time, with the appointment lasting at most until the judge reaches the retirement age set for judges.

Presidentti nimittää vakinaisen tuomarin ja päällikkötuomarin tässä 2 §:n 1 momentissa tarkoitetussa tapauksessa valtioneuvoston ratkaisuehdotuksesta.

In the cases covered by section 2(1), the President of the Republic appoints the permanent judge and chief judge on the Government’s proposal.

Certain judicial offices must be advertised for application before they are filled, and the deciding authority depends on the office type.

A permanent judge office and a chief judge office filled for a fixed term must be advertised for application before they are filled.

Tuomioistuinvirasto hoitaa tuomarin viran hakumenettelyyn liittyvät käytännön tehtävät ja laatii hakijoiden ansioista yhteenvedon, mutta tietyissä korkeimman oikeuden ja korkeimman hallinto-oikeuden viroissa nämä tehtävät kuuluvat kyseisille tuomioistuimille.

Certain courts must announce open applications for specific judicial offices.

A court may, for good cause, reopen a judicial office application, extend the application period, or withdraw the recruitment notice. Previous applicants are considered without needing a new application.

A court may, for a valid reason, re-open a judge vacancy, extend the application period, or cancel the vacancy notice.

The President appoints the Presidents of the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court without the proposal mentioned in paragraph 3. For other judges, the Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court, or Judicial Appointments Board makes a reasoned proposal depending on the post.

The President appoints the presidents of the Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court without the proposal mentioned in paragraph 3.

Tuomarinvalintalautakunta voi antaa lausunnon korkeimman oikeuden tai korkeimman hallinto-oikeuden jäsenen nimittämisasiassa, jos asianomainen tuomioistuin pyytää sitä.

Tuomarinvalintalautakunta voi antaa lausunnon korkeimman oikeuden tai korkeimman hallinto-oikeuden jäsenen nimittämisasiassa, jos asianomainen tuomioistuin pyytää sitä.

Tuomarinvalintalautakunta must request specified opinions before making a nomination proposal, and the applicant must be given a chance to comment on the materials collected during preparation.

Tuomarinvalintalautakunnan on ennen nimitysesitystä pyydettävä lausuntoja hakijoista tietyiltä tuomioistuimilta ja muilta viranomaisilta; joissakin nimityksissä lausuntoja voidaan myös pyytää muilta tahoilta, ja hakijalle on annettava tilaisuus kommentoida valmistelussa hankittuja lausuntoja ja selvityksiä.

Tietyt tuomioistuimet antavat lausunnon tuomarin viran täyttämistä koskevassa asiassa; lisäksi yhden kokoonpanon on oltava päätösvaltainen määrätyllä kokoonpanolla.

Certain courts must give an opinion in matters concerning filling a judgeship, with specified decision-making compositions.

Tuomioistuimen lausunnon on sisällettävä perusteltu näkemys siitä, kuka hakijoista tulisi nimittää virkaan.

A court’s opinion on judicial appointment applications must include a reasoned view on who should be appointed, the applicants’ merits and qualifications, and their relative ranking.

Judge nominees and judges must disclose conflicts of interest and update those disclosures when they change.

People proposed for a permanent judge appointment must disclose their interests before appointment, judges must report interest changes promptly during service, and judges must also provide the disclosure to the relevant court or, on request, to the court or Ministry of Justice.

A chief judge who has not been permanently appointed to another judicial office has a right, when the fixed term ends, to be appointed to a permanent judicial office in the same court, or if needed another suitable court office; the office is not advertised.

A chief judge who has not been permanently appointed to another judicial office has the right, when the fixed term ends, to be appointed as a permanent judge in the same court; if needed, they may also be appointed to another court’s judicial office if they meet the qualification requirements and the post is suitable.

A judge may be appointed to a fixed-term judicial post in certain situations, but not for a single case unless there is a compelling need to safeguard proceedings.

A court may appoint a judge to a fixed-term position in certain situations, but not for a single case unless there is a compelling need to protect proceedings.

A fixed-term judicial appointment must be announced for applications if it lasts at least six months; Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court members must be announced regardless of duration.

A fixed-term judicial office must be announced open if the appointment is for at least six months; for a member of the Supreme Court or Supreme Administrative Court, it must be announced open regardless of term length.

This section says which authorities appoint certain top judges to temporary posts, and when those appointments are made.

This section sets who may appoint certain senior judges to fixed-term posts, and in some cases requires a proposal from the relevant court.

The Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the chief judge each have appointment powers for temporary judicial posts, and the chief judge must consult the management group or permanent judges before certain appointments.

The Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the chief judge of the relevant court appoint judges to fixed-term posts under the stated time limits; in some cases the chief judge must first hear the leadership group or permanent judges.

Certain fixed-term judges must disclose their affiliations before appointment and during service.

Certain fixed-term judges must file interest-related declarations before appointment and during service.

Asianomainen tuomioistuin päättää tuomarille myönnettävästä virkavapaudesta, ellei luvun 2 §:ssä toisin säädetä.

Asianomainen tuomioistuin päättää tuomarille myönnettävästä virkavapaudesta, ellei luvun 2 §:ssä säädetä toisin.

Tuomioistuimen päällikkötuomari voi ottaa virkavapaata enintään yhden kuukauden vuodessa; pidemmistä virkavapaista päättävät määritellyt ylimmät tuomioistuimet.

Court chief judges may take up to one month of leave per year; longer leave for certain court presidents and chief judges is decided by higher courts.

Kun päällikkötuomari on estynyt, sijaisena toimii määrätty osaston johtaja tai muu lainoppinut tuomari; ellei tällaista määräystä ole, sijaisuus määräytyy virka- ja tehtäväjärjestyksen mukaan.

Kun päällikkötuomari on estynyt, sijaisena toimii työjärjestyksessä määrätty osaston johtaja tai muu lainoppinut tuomari; jos tällaista määräystä ei ole, sijaisena toimii vanhin virantoimituksessa oleva osaston johtaja tai tietyissä tapauksissa vanhin virassa oleva lainoppinut tuomari.

If the department head is unavailable, the judge designated as deputy in the working order acts as deputy; if no such designation exists, the oldest serving learned judge in the department acts as deputy.

When the department head is unavailable, a judge designated as substitute in the work rules acts as deputy; if no such designation exists, the oldest serving legally trained judge in the department acts as deputy.

Korkein oikeus, korkein hallinto-oikeus ja hovioikeus voivat tarvittaessa määrätä toisen tuomarin esteellisen tuomarin tilalle tietyissä tuomioistuimissa.

Certain courts may appoint a qualified substitute judge when a judge is disqualified.

A judge may be assigned, with consent, to work in another court for up to one year at a time.

A judge may be ordered to work in another court, but only with the judge’s consent and for no more than one year at a time.

A district court may assign a land court engineer to handle land court matters and certain private road cases in another district court within the same cooperation area.

A land court engineer may be assigned to handle land court matters in another district court within the same cooperation area, and the appointing district court gives that order.

A judge may be moved in a court reorganisation, but only to a suitable post the judge qualifies for, and special rules apply if the post is outside the judge’s commuting area or the judge refuses the transfer.

Judge transfers during court reorganization follow specific rules, including priority reassignment within the judge’s commuting area, a right to appointment to a judge post in some cases, and possible resignation if a judge refuses the offered post without valid reason.

This provision says which court president or chief judge may give a written warning to certain judges.

This section assigns who may issue a written warning to a judge.

A judge’s suspension from duty is decided by the court where the judge serves, with special decision-makers for certain chief judges.

This section says which court decides on suspending a judge from duty, and gives special courts the power to decide for certain chief judges.

A court grants a judge’s resignation on application, and the general resignation age and termination of service are regulated in Civil Servants Act section 35.

A judge’s resignation is granted by the court in whose service the judge works, on application.

A judge must resign from office if they have lost working capacity due to illness, defect, or injury.

A judge must resign if illness, defect, or injury has caused loss of working capacity.

Tuomari voi edelleen olla toimivaltainen lainkäyttöasiassa sen jälkeen, kun virkasuhde on päättynyt, jos asia on ratkaistu tai ratkaisuun on osallistuttu tai jos asiassa on tehty ratkaisuehdotus virkasuhteen aikana.

A judge may continue to hear a case after leaving judicial office if they decided or helped decide it, or if a draft decision was made while they were still in office.

An expert member must be independent when exercising judicial power, like a judge.

An expert member must be independent when exercising judicial power, and the judge-duty, responsibility, and post-term competence rules cited in the text also apply to the expert member.

Asiantuntijajäsenellä on oikeus pysyä tehtävässään määräaikansa, 18–21 §:n poikkeuksin.

Asiantuntijajäsenellä on oikeus pysyä tehtävässään sille määrätyn ajan, mutta siihen sovelletaan 18–21 §:n mukaisia poikkeuksia.

Valtioneuvosto and the President appoint expert members to specified administrative courts and labour court.

Valtioneuvosto appoints expert members to certain administrative and insurance courts, and the President of the Republic appoints expert members to the Supreme Administrative Court and the Labour Court.

Expert members must be appointed in a sufficient number, deputy members may also be appointed in a sufficient number, and the rules for an expert member also apply to a deputy member.

Asiantuntijajäseniä on määrättävä riittävä määrä, ja asiantuntijajäsenille voidaan määrätä riittävä määrä varajäseniä.

Expert members are appointed for five years at a time.

Expert members are appointed for five years at a time, and no appointment may last beyond the judges’ retirement age.

Asianomainen tuomioistuin must declare expert member posts open for applications, with an exception for certain labor court and insurance court expert members; the court may also seek statements or other information about applicants.

The court must declare expert-member posts open for applications, but this does not apply to certain expert members of the Labour Court and Insurance Court appointed on proposals under sections 13 and 15. The court may also obtain opinions or other information about applicants.