Ghana Act or statute

Parliament of Ghana

Minerals and Mining Act, 2006 (Act 703)

All minerals in their natural state in specified areas of Ghana belong to the Republic and are vested in the President in trust for the people of Ghana. The President may acquire land, or authoris…

application feesapplication processapplication processingapplication rejectionarbitrationasset removalcadastral mappingcancellationcapital expenditurecapital transferchange of controlcommittee governancecommodity shipmentscompany compliancecompany incorporationcompensationcompensation claimscompensation principlescompliancecompliance notificationcontract dispute clausescontrol of mining companycontroller approvalcontroller changescontroller obligationscorporate compliancecourt orderscrop surveycustomsdesignated areasdevelopment agreementsdispute resolutiondispute settlementdistrict office administrationdocument productiondocument retentionenforcementenlargement of lease areaentry to premisesenvironmental complianceenvironmental obligationsequipment seizureexchange controlexport controlsfeesforeign exchange retentionforeign participationforfeituregovernment participationgovernment shareholdingground rentillegal miningimmigrationindustrial mineralsinformation disclosureinformation requestinspectioninspectorate functionsintellectual propertyinvestigationsinvestment thresholdjudicial reviewland acquisitionland availabilityland compensationland rehabilitationland reservationland useland valuationlease extensionleaseslicence compliancelicence conditionslicence durationlicence renewallicence revocationlicences and leasesBusiness registrationlocal workforce trainingmanager appointmentmercury purchasemerger of rightsmine support servicesmineral extractionmineral license amendmentmineral licensingmineral operationsmineral refiningmineral regulationmineral rightsmineral rights operationsmineral salesmineral tradingminingmining governancemining leasemining lease administrationmining lease applicationmining lease renewalmining lease rightsmining lease termsmining leasesmining operationsmining permitsmining support servicesministerial approval for mineral-right dealingsministerial consultationministerial decision-makingministerial exemptionnotificationnotification of discoveriesnotifications to ministernotifying ministerobjection noticeoffencesoffences and penaltiesoperational complianceparliamentary ratificationpaymentspenaltiespermit applicationpermit extensionpermit processingpermits and approvalspermits and feesproduction suspensionprospectingprospecting licence area reductionprospecting licence extensionsprospecting operationsradio-active mineralsreconnaissance licensingrecord-keepingrecordkeepingrecords accessregistrationregulatory approvalregulatory complianceregulatory enforcementregulatory noticesregulatory notificationregulatory oversightregulatory paymentregulatory recommendationregulatory structureregulatory supervisionremittancesreportingreporting obligationsresettlement costsresource developmentresource explorationresource ownershipresource userestricted licencesrestricted mining leasesrough diamond shipmentroyalty paymentssale of jewelleryseizureshare restrictionsshare saleshareholder rightssite entrysmall scale miningsmall-scale miningsmall-scale mining oversightspecial sharestability agreementstate pre-emptionsurface rightssurrender processsuspensionTax lawtax and duty protectiontransfer of licencevoting rightswater access

Jurisdiction: Ghana
Structure: 103 provisions
Citation: Act 703
Dates: Undated source snapshot

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Purpose and legislative effect

“All minerals in their natural state in specified areas of Ghana belong to the Republic and are vested in the President in trust for the people of Ghana.”

All minerals in their natural state in specified areas of Ghana belong to the Republic and are vested in the President in trust for the people of Ghana. The President may acquire land, or authorise its occupation and use, when the land is needed for developing or using a mineral resource. Land in the country may be included in an application for a mineral right, except land already subject to an existing mineral right for that mineral or land reserved from mineral rights. The Minister may use an Executive Instrument to reserve land from becoming subject to applications for mineral rights, if the land is not already subject to a mineral right. The Minister may handle mineral rights, but must determine the land covered and give written reasons if an application is refused or only partly granted. Some mineral-right transactions also need Parliament’s ratification, unless Parliament exempts a class of transactions by a two-thirds resolution.

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Minerals property of Republic

All minerals in their natural state in specified areas of Ghana belong to the Republic and are vested in the President in trust for the people of Ghana.

Section 1

Dispute resolution

Disputes about mineral rights should first be handled through mutual discussion, and some disputes may go to arbitration if they are not settled within 30 days or a longer agreed period.

Section 27

Change of control of company holding mining lease

A person cannot become controller of a mining company unless they first give written notice to the Minister and the Minister does not object within two months.

Section 52

Qualification for application for restricted licence or restricted mining lease

A restricted licence or restricted mining lease cannot be granted to a non-citizen. The Minister may also cancel a mineral right, on the Commission’s recommendation, if the holder has made an arrangement that transfers the benefit of the right to a…

Section 78

Functions of Inspectorate of Mines

The head of the Inspectorate Division, or an authorized officer, may enter certain reconnaissance, prospecting, or mining areas and premises at reasonable times, but not dwelling houses.

Section 102

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Showing 103 of 103 provisions

Provision 84Offence 8Amendment 7Substitution 2

§ 1Minerals property of RepublicProvision

All minerals in their natural state in specified areas of Ghana belong to the Republic and are vested in the President in trust for the people of Ghana.

Section 1—Minerals property of Republic Every mineral in its natural state in, under or upon land in Ghana, rivers, streams, water-courses throughout the country, the exclusive economic zone and an area covered by the territorial sea or continental shelf is the property of the Republic and is vested in the President in trust for the people of Ghana.

Section 1Verify source

§ 2Compulsory acquisition of landProvision

The President may acquire land, or authorise its occupation and use, when the land is needed for developing or using a mineral resource.

Section 2—Compulsory acquisition of land Where land is required to secure the development or utilization of a mineral resource, the President may acquire the land or authorise its occupation and use under an applicable enactment for the time being in force.

Section 2Verify source

§ 3Land available for application for mineral rightProvision

Land in the country may be included in an application for a mineral right, except land already subject to an existing mineral right for that mineral or land reserved from mineral rights.

Section 3—Land available for application for mineral right Land in the country may be made the subject of an application for a mineral right in respect of a mineral specified in the application, other than land which is (a) the subject of an existing mineral right in respect of the specified mineral, or (b) expressly reserved, by or under this Act or any other enactment from becoming the subject of a mineral right. 7

Section 3Verify source

§ 4Minister may reserve land from miningProvision

The Minister may use an Executive Instrument to reserve land from becoming subject to applications for mineral rights, if the land is not already subject to a mineral right.

Section 4—Minister may reserve land from mining (1) The Minister may, by Executive Instrument declare land, not being the subject of a mineral right, to be reserved from, (a) becoming the subject of an application for a mineral right for a mineral, or (b) becoming the subject of an application for a mineral right in respect of specified minerals or of all minerals except specified minerals. (2) An Executive Instrument issued shall be by the authority of the President.

Section 4Verify source

§ 5Power of Minister to grant mineral rightsProvision

The Minister may handle mineral rights, but must determine the land covered and give written reasons if an application is refused or only partly granted. Some mineral-right transactions also need Parliament’s ratification, unless Parliament exempts a class of transactions by a two-thirds resolution.

Section 5—Power of Minister to grant mineral rights (1) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), the Minister on behalf of the President and on the recommendation of the Commission may negotiate, grant, revoke, suspend or renew mineral rights in accordance with this Act. (2) Where the Minister grants a mineral right, the Minister shall determine the land subject to the grant. (3) Where the Minister determines not to grant an application or determines to grant an application over a part of the land applied for, the Minister shall give the applicant written reasons. (4) A transaction contract or undertaking involving the grant of a right or concession by or on behalf of a person or body of persons, for the exploitation of a mineral in Ghana shall be subject to ratification by Parliament. (5) Parliament may, by resolution supported by the votes of not less than two-thirds of all the members of Parliament, exempt from the provisions of subsection (4) of this section a particular class of transactions, contract or undertakings.

Section 5Verify source

§ 6Exportation and disposal of mineralsProvision

Minerals generally cannot be exported, sold, or otherwise disposed of without a Minister-granted licence.

Section 6—Exportation and disposal of minerals (1) Except otherwise provided in this Act, a person shall not export, sell or otherwise dispose of a mineral, unless the person holds a licence granted by the Minister for that purpose. (2) An application for a licence shall be made in writing to the Minister in the prescribed manner. (3) The Minister, on the recommendation of the Commission may issue the licence in the form and on conditions determined by the Minister. (4) A licence issued is not transferable. (5) Shipment of rough diamonds to and from Ghana shall be subject to rules and Regulations as prescribed and shall be in accordance with the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Section 6Verify source

§ 7Government's right of pre-emptionProvision

The Minister has the right to take pre-emption over specified minerals and their refined or treated products, and the Government may appoint a statutory body to act as its agent by Executive Instrument.

Section 7—Government's right of pre-emption (1) The Minister has the right of pre-emption of all minerals raised, won or obtained in Ghana and from any area covered by territorial waters, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf and products derived from the refining or treatment of these minerals. 8 (2) The Government may, by an Executive Instrument, appoint a statutory body to act as its agent for the exercise of the right of pre-emption.

Section 7Verify source

§ 8Cadastral system Mineral rightsProvision

The section defines how land is divided into geometric sections and blocks, and how blocks are identified on Commission-held plans.

Section 8—Cadastral system (1) For purposes of this Act, the surface of the Earth shall be deemed to be divided in accordance with the co-ordinates represented in the official maps of Ghana held at the Commission at a scale of 1:50,000, (a) by the meridian of Greenwich and by meridians that are at a distance from that meridian of 15 or a multiple of 15 seconds of longitude, (b) by the equator and by parallels of latitude that are at a distance from the equator of 15 or a multiple of 15 seconds of latitude, into sections ("geometric sections") each of which is bounded, (c) by portions of those 2 meridians that are at a distance from each other of 15 seconds of longitude, and (d) by portions of 2 of those parallels of latitude that are at a distance from each other of 15 seconds of latitude. (2) For purposes of this Act, (a) a geometric section that is wholly within Ghana constitute s a block and (b) where only part of a geometric section is within Ghana, that part constitutes a block. (3) Despite the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (2), fractions of blocks as may be prescribed shall be acceptable in the case of a licence granted for small scale mining. (4) Each block shall be identified by reference to the code of the block on a plan held at the Commission. Mineral rights

Section 8Verify source

§ 9Mining activities require mineral rightProvision

Mining-related activities on land in Ghana generally require a mineral right.

Section 9—Mining activities require mineral right (1) Despite a right or title which a person may have to land in, upon or under which minerals are situated, a person shall not conduct a activities on or over land in Ghana for the search, reconnaissance, prospecting, exploration or mining for a mineral unless the person has been granted a mineral right in accordance with this Act. (2) Activities conducted under a mineral right shall be limited to the activities permitted by the mineral right. (3) Subsection (1) does not prevent a government institution or agency from conducting geological activities in accordance with its powers under an enactment.

Section 9Verify source

§ 10Qualification for grant of mineral rightProvision

A mineral right cannot be granted to a person unless the person is a body incorporated under specified laws, subject to any contrary provision in the Act.

Section 10—Qualification for grant of mineral right Unless otherwise provided in this Act, a mineral right shall not be granted to a person unless the person is a body incorporated under the Companies Code 1963 (Act 179), under the Incorporated Private Partnerships Act 1962 (Act 152) or under an enactment in force. 9

Section 10Verify source

§ 11Application for mineral rightsProvision

An applicant for a mineral right must file the application with the Minerals Commission in the prescribed form and include a statement with specified business and workforce details.

Section 11—Application for mineral rights An application for a mineral right shall be submitted to the Minerals Commission in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied with a statement providing, (a) particulars of the financial and technical resources available to the applicant for the proposed mineral operations, (b) an estimate of the amount of money proposed to be spent on the operations, (c) particulars of the programme of proposed mineral operations, and (d) particulars of the applicant's proposals with respect to the employment and training in the mining industry of Ghanaians.

Section 11Verify source

§ 12Recommendation to the MinisterProvision

The Commission must send its recommendation on a mineral right application to the Minister within 90 days of receiving the application, unless delay is caused by the applicant or by a request for further information from the applicant.

Section 12—Recommendation to the Minister The Commission shall, unless delay occurs because of a request for further information from an applicant or a delay is caused by the applicant, submit its recommendation on an application for a mineral right to the Minister within ninety days of receipt of the application.

Section 12Verify source

§ 13Grant of mineral rightsProvision

The Minister must decide on a mineral-right application within 60 days after the Commission’s recommendation and notify the applicant in writing; the applicant must accept approval in writing within 60 days, or the approval lapses.

Section 13—Grant of mineral rights (1) The Minister shall within sixty days on receipt of recommendation from the Commission make a decision and notify the applicant in writing of the decision on the application and where the application is approved, the notice shall include details of the area, the period and the mineral subject to the mineral right. (2) The Minister shall, not less than forty-five days prior to making a decision under subsection (1), give a notice in writing of a pending application for the grant of a mineral right in respect of the land to a chief or allodial owner and the relevant District Assembly (3) A notice given under subsection (2) shall (a) state the proposed boundaries of the land in relation to which the mineral right is applied for, and (b) be published in (i) a manner customarily acceptable to the areas concerned, and (ii) the Gazette and exhibited at the offices of the District Assembly within whose district, a part of the area is situated. (4) The applicant shall within sixty days of receipt of notification of approval, notify the Minister in writing of acceptance of the offer of the grant. (5) The Minister shall upon receipt of the notification of acceptance of the offer, grant the mineral right to the applicant. (6) An approved application shall lapse if the applicant fails to notify the Minister of an acceptance in accordance with subsection (4). (7) Subject to the provision of this Act, a mineral right shall be subject to the terms and conditions that are prescribed from time to time. 10 (8) The rights and obligations of a holder of mineral right shall apply to the agents and employees of the holder. (9) Subject to sections 73 and 74, a mineral right granted by the Minister under this section is sufficient authority for the holder over the land and entitles the holder to enter the land in respect of which the right is granted. (10) The holder of a mineral right shall not remove or destroy a mineral obtained by the holder in the course of a mineral operations without the permission in writing of (sic) the head of the Inspectorate Division of the Commission. (11) Despite subsection (10), cores and samples may be retained by a holder for the purpose of assay, identification or analysis of the mineral. (12) Where a core is retained under subsection (11), the holder shall maintain in respect of the core or sample, particulars sufficient for the identification of (a) the core or sample, and (b) the location and geological horizon of its origin as the head of the Inspectorate Division of the Commission may in consultation with the Director of Geological Survey Department determine. (13) Geological core samples may after assaying, identification or analysis of a mineral be disposed of only with the express consent of the Commission given in consultation with the Geological Survey Department.

Section 13Verify source

§ 14Assignment of mineral rightsProvision

The Minister must approve mineral-right transfers in writing, may not unreasonably withhold approval, and must give reasons if no written decision is made within 30 days and the applicant asks for them.

Section 14—Assignment of mineral rights (1) A mineral right shall not in whole or in part be transferred, assigned, mortgaged or otherwise encumbered or dealt in, in a manner without the prior approval in writing of the Minister, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or given subject to unreasonable conditions. (2) Where the Minister has not given a decision in writing to the applicant, within thirty days of receipt of an application for approval, the Minister shall upon a request from the applicant give written reasons to the applicant for the failure to communicate a decision on the application. (3) The reasons required under subsection (2) shall be sent to the applicant within fourteen days of receipt of the request. (4) A dispute between the Minister and an applicant or holder in respect of a decision of the Minister under subsection (1), shall be referred for resolution under section 27. (5) Subject to the other provisions of this section, an undivided proportionate part of a mineral right or application for a mineral right may be transferred, assigned, mortgaged or otherwise encumbered or dealt with.

Section 14Verify source

§ 15Amendment of mineral right to add other mineralsAmendment

A mineral-right holder who discovers an unlisted mineral must notify the Commission and Geological Survey Department in writing within 30 days, and may apply to amend the right to add or remove minerals.

Section 15—Amendment of mineral right to add other minerals (1) Where in the course of exercising a mineral right under this Act, the holder discovers an indication of a mineral not included in the mineral right, the holder shall within thirty days of 11 the discovery, notify the Commission and Geological Survey Department in writing of the discovery. (2) The notification given under subsection (1) shall (a) contain particulars of the discovery, and (b) the site and circumstances of the discovery. (3) The holder of the mineral right may in the prescribed form, apply for the mineral right to be amended to (a) include an additional mineral, or (b) exclude a mineral. (4) Subject to thisAct and unless the land which is the subject of the mineral right, is subject to another mineral right in respect of the mineral applied for under subsection (3), the Minister shall amend the mineral right on the terms and conditions that may be prescribed. (5) A mineral right shall not be granted for another mineral over the same area of land subject to an existing mineral right unless the holder of the existing right is notified amd given the first option of applying for the right. (6) A notification given under subsection (5) shall contain (a) particulars of the mineral applied for, and (b) the area applied for.

Section 15Verify source

§ 16Obligations of holders of mineral rightsProvision

A holder of a mineral right must appoint a qualified and experienced manager at all times and must notify the Inspectorate Division in writing when a manager is appointed or changed.

Section 16—Obligations of holders of mineral rights (1) The holder of a mineral right shall at all times appoint a manager with the requisite qualification and experience to be in charge of that holder's mineral operations. (2) The holder of a mineral right shall notify the Head of the Inspectorate Division of the Commission in writing of the appointment of a manager and on each change of the manager.

Section 16Verify source

§ 17Water rightProvision

A mineral-right holder may use water on the land for mining operations, but only if the needed approvals or licences are obtained.

Section 17—Water right Subject to obtaining the requisite approvals or licences under the Water Resources Commission Act 1996 (Act 522), a holder of a mineral right may, for purposes of or ancillary to the mineral operations, obtain, divert, impound, convey and use water from a river, stream, underground reservoir or watercourse within the land the subject of the mineral right.

Section 17Verify source

§ 18Forestry and Environmental protectionProvision

A holder of a mineral right must get the required approvals and permits from the Forestry Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency before starting activities or operations, and must follow applicable environmental regulations and other laws related to mineral exploitation.

Section 18—Forestry and environmental protection (1) Before undentaking an activity or operation under a mineral right, the holder of the mineral right shall obtain the necessary approvals and permits required from the Forestry Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency for the protection of natural resources, public health and the enviromnent. (2) Without limiting subsection (1), a holder of a mineral right shall comply with the applicable Regulations made under this Act and any other enactment for the protection of the environment in so far as relates to exploitation of minerals. 12

Section 18Verify source

§ 19Records of and reports by mineral right holdersProvision

A mineral right holder must keep prescribed records in Ghana, allow Commission inspection at a reasonable time, and provide reports and geological information to the Commission, the Geological Survey Department, and other prescribed persons.

Section 19—Records of and reports by mineral right holders (1) A holder of a mineral right shall maintain, at an address in Ghana notified to the Commission for the purposes of this section, the documents and records that may be prescribed and shall permit an authorised officer of the Commission at a reasonable time to inspect the documents and records and take copies of them. (2) A holder of a mineral right shall furnish the Commission, Geological Survey Department and other persons prescribed, with such reports on the mineral operations of and geological information attained by or on behalf of the holder.

Section 19Verify source

§ 20Public access to informationSubstitution

Information obtained under the listed sections is confidential, but the public may inspect and copy the records on payment of the prescribed fee, and disclosures are allowed in specific cases.

Section 20—Public access to information (1) Records, documents and information furnished or attained under sections l9 and 63 shall, as long as the holder or the holder's successor-in-title retains the mineral right, or any mineral right granted in substitution over the area to which the records, documents and information relate, be treated as confidential and shall not be divulged without the prior written consent of the holder. (2) Subject to subsection (1), the records, documents and reports furnished or attained under sections 19 and 63 shall be made available for inspection and copy by the public, on payment of the prescribed fee. (3) Nothing in this section prohibits the disclosure of confidential information, (a) where the disclosure is necessary for the purposes of this Act or an enactment, (b) for the purposes of aprosecution under this Act or any other enactment, or (c) to a person being a consultant to the Commission or an officer who is authorised by the Minister to receive the confidential information. (4) A person to whom disclosure is made under this section is under an obligation to treat the information as confidential.

Section 20Verify source

§ 21Copyright in information Royalties, rentals and feesProvision

Copyright in certain documents, records, and information passes to and resides with the Republic once they become available for public inspection.

Section 21—Copyright in information Despite a law to the contrary, the copyright in respect of the documents, records and information furnished or attained under sections 19 and 63 shall pass to and reside with the Republic on and from the time that the records, documents and information become available, under section 20(2) for inspection by the public. Royalties, rentals and fees

Section 21Verify source

§ 22Application fee 2Provision

An applicant for a mineral right must pay a prescribed fee.

Section 22—Application fee An applicant for a mineral right shall pay a fee as may be prescribed.

Section 22Verify source

§ 23Annual ground rentProvision

A holder of a mineral right must pay annual ground rent as prescribed.

Section 23—Annual ground rent (1) A holder of a mineral right, shall pay an annual ground rent as may be prescribed. (2) Payments of annual ground rent shall be made to the owner of the land or successors and assigns of the owner except in the case of annual ground rent in respect of mineral rights over stool lands, which shall be paid to the Office of the Administrator of Stool Lands, for 13 application in accordance with the Office of the Administrator of Stool Lands Act 1994 (Act 481).

Section 23Verify source

§ 24Annual mineral right feesProvision

A holder of a mineral right must pay an annual mineral right fee to the Commission.

Section 24—Annual mineral right fees A holder of a mineral right shall pay an annual mineral right fee that may be prescribed and payment of the fee shall be made to the Commission.

Section 24Verify source

§ 25RoyaltiesProvision

Mining lease, restricted mining lease, and small scale mining licence holders must pay royalties on minerals obtained from mining operations, with the royalty rate limited to between 3% and 6% of total revenue.

Section 25—Royalties A holder of a mining lease, restricted mining lease or small scale mining licence shall pay royalty that may be prescribed in respect of minerals obtained from its mining operations to the Republic, except that the rate of royalty shall not be more than 6% or less than 3% of the total revenue of minerals obtained by the holder.

Section 25Verify source

§ 26Recovery of debts Dispute resolutionProvision

A fee, royalty, or other payment due for a mineral right or under this Act is treated as a debt owed to the Republic and can be recovered in Court.

Section 26—Recovery of debts A fee, royalty or other payment which falls due in respect of a mineral right or otherwise under this Act is a debt owed to the Republic and recoverable in the Court. Dispute resolution

Section 26Verify source

§ 27Dispute resolutionProvision

Disputes about mineral rights should first be handled through mutual discussion, and some disputes may go to arbitration if they are not settled within 30 days or a longer agreed period.

Section 27—Dispute resolution (1) Where a dispute arises between a holder of a mineral right and the Republic in respect of a matter expressly stated under this Act as a matter which shall be referred for resolution, all efforts shall be made through mutual discussion and if agreed between the parties, by reference to alternative dispute resolution procedures to reach an amicable settlement. (2) Where a dispute arises between a holder who is a citizen and the Republic in respect of a matter expressly stated under this Act as a matter which shall be referred for resolution, which is not amicably resolved as provided in subsection (1) within thirty days of the dispute arising or a longer period agreed between the parties to the dispute, the dispute may be submitted by a party to the dispute, to arbitration for settlement in accordance with theArbitration Act, 1961 (Act 38) or any other enactment in force for resolution of disputes. (3) Where a dispute arises between a holder who is not a citizen and the Republic in respect of a matter expressly stated under this Act as a matter which shall be referred for resolution under this section, which is not amicably resolved as provided under subsection (1) within thirty days of the dispute arising or a longer period agreed between the parties to the dispute, the dispute may, by a party to the dispute giving notice to all other parties, be submitted to arbitration, (a) in accordance with an international machinery for the resolution of investment disputes, as agreed to by the parties, or (b) if the parties do not reach an agreement under paragraph (a) within thirty days, or a longer period agreed between the parties, of the matter being submitted to arbitration, in accordance with (i) firstly, the framework of a bilateral or multilateral agreement on investment protection to which the Republic and the country of which the holder is a national, are parties, or 14 (ii) secondly, if no agreement contemplated by subparagraph (i) exists, the rules of procedure for arbitration of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, UNCITRAL Rules. (4) Each agreement granting a mineral right shall contain provisions on the method of resolution of disputes that may arise under the agreement. (5) Where a holder has notified the Minister in writing that the holder wishes to refer a dispute for resolution and, but for this subsection, (a) the term of the mineral right would expire, (b) the area the subject of the mineral right, would be reduced, or (c) the rights under the mineral right held at that time would be diminished, the term, the area, the right held, as the case may be, shall continue without diminution for the period ending thirty days after the determination of the dispute.

Section 27Verify source

§ 28Capitalisation of expenditureProvision

A mining lease holder is entitled to capitalize certain reconnaissance and prospecting expenditure if the Minister approves it on the Commission’s advice and the holder starts developing a commercial find.

Section 28—Capitalisation of expenditure The holder of a mining lease is entitled to the capitalization of expenditure on reconnaissance and prospecting approved by the Minister on the advice of the Commission where the holder starts development of a commercial find.

Section 28Verify source

§ 29Additional benefitsProvision

A holder of a mineral right may be granted customs, tax, and quota benefits for mineral operations and expatriate personnel.

Section 29—Additional benefits The holder of a mineral right may be granted the following: (a) exemption from payment of customs import duty in respect of plant, machinery, equipment and accessories imported specifically and exclusively for the mineral operations; (b) exemption of staff from the payment of income tax on furnished accommodation at the mine site; (c) immigration quota in respect of the approved number of expatriate personnel; and (d) personal remittance quota for expatriate personnel free from tax imposed by an enactment regulating the transfer of money out of the country.

Section 29Verify source

§ 30Transferability of capital Reconnaissance licenceProvision

A mining lease holder may be allowed to keep some foreign exchange earnings in an account for mining inputs, and may also be allowed to keep at least 25% for listed uses; the holder is also guaranteed free transferability of convertible currency, subject to the Act.

Section 30—Transferability of capital (1) A holder of a mining lease who earns foreign exchange from mining operations may be permitted by the Bank of Ghana to retain in an account, a portion of the foreign exchange earned, for use in acquiring spare parts and other inputs required for the mining operations, which would otherwise not be readily available without the use of the earnings. (2) The Minister for Finance, in consultation with the Minister acting on the advice of the Commission may, where the net earnings of a holder of a mining lease from the holder's mining operations are in foreign exchange, permit the holder of the lease to open and retain in an account, an amount not less than twenty five percent of the foreign exchange for (a) the acquisition of spareparts, raw materials, and machinery and equipment, (b) debt servicing and dividend payment, 15 (c) remittance in respect of quotas for expatriate personnel, and (d) the transfer of capital in the event of a sale or liquidation of the mining operations. (3) An account opened and operated under subsection (2) shall, with the consent of the Bank of Ghana, be held in trust by a trustee appointed by the holder of the lease. (4) Subject to this Act, a holder of a mining lease shall be guaranteed free transferability of convertible currency (a) through the Bank of Ghana, or (b) in the case of a net foreign exchange holder, through the account opened under subsection (2). Reconnaissance licence

Section 30Verify source

§ 31Application for reconnaissance licenceProvision

The Minister may grant a reconnaissance licence if a qualified person applies and the Commission recommends it.

Section 31—Application for reconnaissance licence (1) Subject to this Act, the Minister may, on an application made by a qualified person and on the recommendation of the Commission, grant a reconnaissance licence in respect of all or a part of the area applied for and in respect of all or any of the minerals specified in the application. (2) A reconnaissance licence may be granted for an initial period not more than twelve months. (3) The area of land in respect of which a reconnaissance licence may be granted shall be a block or any number not more than five thousand contiguous blocks each having a side in common with at least one other block the subject of the application.

Section 31Verify source

§ 32Rights of holder of reconnaissance licenceProvision

A reconnaissance licence gives the holder exclusive rights to carry out reconnaissance and related incidental activities in the reconnaissance area, but the holder must not drill or excavate.

Section 32—Rights of holder of reconnaissance licence (1) Subject to this Act and the Regulations made under this Act, a reconnaissance licence confers on the holder and a person authorised, in accordance with this Act by the holder of the reconnaissance licence, the exclusive right to carry on reconnaissance in the reconnaissance area for the minerals to which the reconnaissance licence relates and to conduct other ancillary or incidental activity. (2) For the purposes of exercising the right conferred under subsection (1), a holder of a reconnaissance licence and a person authorised in accordance with this Act by the holder of the reconnaissance licence, may enter the reconnaissance area and erect camps or temporary buildings. (3) A holder of a reconnaissance licence shall not engage in a drilling or excavation.

Section 32Verify source

§ 33Application for extension of term of reconnaissance licence Prospecting licenceProvision

A holder of a reconnaissance licence may apply to the Minister for an extension before the licence expires, and the Minister must extend it if the applicant has materially complied with the Act.

Section 33—Application for extension of term of reconnaissance licence (1) A holder of a reconnaissance licence may, not later than three months before the expiration of the initial term of the licence, apply to the Minister for an extension of the term of the reconnaissance licence in respect of all or part of the reconnaissance area. (2) The form of the application shall be as may be prescribed. 16 (3) Where an application for extension of the term of a reconnaissance licence is made under this section and the applicant has materially complied with the obligations imposed by this Act with respect to, (a) the holding of the licence, and (b) the activities to be conducted under the licence, the Minister shall extend the term of the licence. (4) Subject to subsection (5), a reconnaissance licence may be extended once only and for a period not exceeding twelve months. (5) Where, at least one month before the end of the extended period, or within the shorter period that the Minister may allow, the holder of a reconnaissance licence satisfies the Minister that delay by a government institution in the issuance of a permit or in carrying out a lawful activity has resulted in delay by the holder in the discharge of an obligation under the reconnaissance licence, the holder may apply in writing to the Minister for extension and the Minister may extend the term of the reconnaissance licence for a period not more than twelve months. (6) Where a holder of a reconnaissance licence has made an application for an extension of (a) the term of the licence, or (b) the land and for some or all of the minerals the subject of the reconnaissance licence, and the term of the reconnaissance licence would but for this subsection, expire, the reconnaissance licence shall continue in force with respect to the land or minerals the subject of the application until the application is determined. (7) If the holder of a reconnaissance licence transfers the reconnaissance licence in accordance with this Act after making an application for (a) an extension of the term of the licence, or (b) a prospecting licence or mining lease in respect of all or part of the land and for some or all of the minerals the subject of the reconnaissance licence, the application shall continue in the name of the transferee, as if the transferee had made it. Prospecting licence

Section 33Verify source

§ 34Application for prospecting licenceProvision

The Minister may grant a prospecting licence to a qualified applicant, and must grant it within 60 days if the subsection (4) conditions are met.

Section 34—Application for prospecting licence (1) The Minister may, on an application duly made by a qualified person and on the recommendation of the Comnussion, grant a prospecting licence in respect of all or any of the minerals specified in the application. (2) A prospecting licence shall be granted for an initial period not exceeding three years. (3) The area of land in respect of which a prospecting licence may be granted shall be a block or a number not exceeding 750 contiguous blocks each having aside in common with at least one other block the subject of the application. 17 (4) If a holder of a reconnaissance licence applies for a prospecting licence overall or part of the land and for a mineral the subject of the reconnaissance licence and the holder has materially complied with the obligations imposed by this Act with respect to (a) the holding of the licence, and (b) the activities to be conducted under the licence, the Minister shall within sixty days of the application, subject to the permits and other obligations required by law having been complied with, grant the applicant the prospecting licence on the conditions that shall be specified in the licence. (5) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of any matter that arises under subsection (4), shall be referred for resolution under section 27.

Section 34Verify source

§ 35Extensions of the term of a prospecting licenceProvision

A prospecting-licence holder may apply to the Minister for an extension, and the Minister must grant it if the stated conditions are met.

Section 35—Extensions of the term of a prospecting licence (1) The holder of a prospecting licence may, at any time but not later than three months before the expiration of the initial term of the licence, apply in the form that may be prescribed to the Minister for an extension of the term of the prospecting licence subject to section 38(3), for a further period not more than three years in respect of all or any number of blocks the subject of the prospecting licence. (2) On an application duly made under subsection (1), and upon being satisfied that the holder has complied with the obligations imposed by this Act with respect to (a) the holding of the licence, and (b) the activities to be conducted under the prospecting licence, the Minister shall on the recommendations of the Commission grant an extension of the term of the prospecting licence. (3) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under subsection (2) shall be resolved under section 27. (4) Where a holder of a prospecting licence has made an application for an extension of the term of the licence and the term of the prospecting licence would, but for this subsection expire, the prospecting licence shall continue in force in respect of the land the subject of the application until the application is determined. (5) Where a holder of a prospecting licence has made an application for a mining lease and the term of the prospecting licence would, but for this subsection expire, the licence shall continue in force with respect to the land and minerals the subject of the application until the application is determined. (6) If the holder of a prospecting licence transfers the prospecting licence in accordance with this Act after making an application for (a) the extension of the term of the prospecting licence, or (b) a mining lease in respect of all or part of the land and for some or all of the minerals the subject of the prospecting licence, the application shall continue in the name of the transferee as if the transferee had made the application. 18

Section 35Verify source

§ 36Programme of prospecting operationsAmendment

A prospecting licence cannot be granted unless the proposed mineral operations programme is suitable in the Minister’s reasonable opinion. The licence holder must notify the Minister of proposed amendments, and the Minister may limit or suspend the holder’s obligation to carry on prospecting operations on application.

Section 36—Programme of prospecting operations (1) A prospecting licence may not be granted unless the proposed programme of mineral operations submitted with the application is, in the Minister's reasonable opinion, suitable in the circumstances. (2) The holder of a prospecting licence shall notify the Minister of an amendment the holder wishes to make to the programme of prospecting operations and the amendment shall, unless rejected by the Minister on reasonable grounds, within two months after receipt of the notice, have effect after that period. (3) The Minister may, upon an application made by the holder of a prospecting licence, limit or suspend the obligation of the holder to carry on prospecting operations, under terms and conditions that the Minister may reasonably determine. (4) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under subsections (1) or (2), shall be resolved under section 27.

Section 36Verify source

§ 37Rights of holder of prospecting licenceCommencement

The holder of a prospecting licence may enter the licensed land and must follow several operating, reporting, record-keeping, and cleanup requirements.

Section 37—Rights and obligations of holder of a prospecting licence (1) The holder off a prospecting licence may in the exercise of the rights under the licence, enter upon land to which the licence relates to (a) prospect for the mineral in respect of which the licence is granted, (b) make boreholes and excavations that may be necessary for the prospecting purposes, (c) erect camps and put up temporary buildings necessary for the prospecting operations, and (d) conduct other activity ancillary or incidental to the prospecting. (2) The holder of a prospecting licence shall (a) commence prospecting operation within three months after the date of the issue of the licence, or at a time specified by the Minister, (b) demarcate and keep demarcated the prospecting area in the prescribed manner, (c) carry on prospecting operation in accordance with the programme of prospecting operations, (d) notify the Minister through the Commission, of any discovery of minerals to which the prospecting licence relates within a period of thirty days from the date of the discovery, (e) notify the Minister through the Commission of the discovery of a mineral deposit which is of possible economic value within a period of thirty days from the date of the discovery, (f) fill back or otherwise make safe to the satisfaction of the Commission a borehole or excavation made during the course of prospecting operations, (g) unless the Commission otherwise stipulates, remove within sixty days from the date of the expiration of the prospecting licence a camp, temporary building or machinery erected or installed and make good to the satisfaction of the Commission damage to the surface of the ground occasioned by the removal, 19 (h) subject to the condition of the prospecting licence, expend on prospecting not less than the amount specified in the prospecting licence, and (i) submit reports of other documents to persons at prescribed intervals and supporting documents containing required information. (3) Moneys required to be spent under subsection (2) (h) and which are not yet spent shall be a debt to the Republic and recoverable from the holder in the Court. (4) The holder of a prospecting licence shall to the satisfaction of the Minister, keep full and accurate records of the prospecting operations showing particulars that the Minister may prescribe.

Section 37Verify source

§ 38Compulsory reduction of area of prospecting licence Mining leaseProvision

A prospecting licence holder must surrender at least half of the licence blocks by the end of the initial term, subject to minimum-area and layout limits; the holder may seek ministerial relief, and the Minister may exempt the holder for up to 12 months.

Section 38—Compulsory reduction of area of prospecting licence (1) Subject to this section, the holder of a prospecting licence shall, prior to or at the expiration of the initial term, surrender not less than half the number of blocks of the prospecting area so long as a minimum of one hundred and twenty-five blocks remain subject to the licence and the blocks form not more than three discrete areas each consisting of (a) a single block, or (b) a number of blocks each having a side in common with at least one other block in that area. (2) Where, at least one month before the end of the term or within a shorter period that the Minister may allow, the holder of a prospecting licence satisfies the Minister that delay by a government institution or agency in the issuance of permits or in carrying out a lawful activity have resulted in delay by the holder in the discharge of an obligation under the prospecting licence, the holder may apply in writing to the Minister for relief from the obligation to surrender land and the Minister may exempt that holder from the requirements of this section, either wholly or in part, for a period, not more than twelve months and on other conditions that the Minister thinks fit. (3) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under subsection (2), shall be resolved under section 27. Mining lease

Section 38Verify source

§ 39Application for mining lease by holder of reconnaissance licence or prospecting licenceProvision

A holder of a reconnaissance or prospecting licence may apply for one or more mining leases before the licence expires, and the Minister must grant the lease within 60 days if the Act’s conditions are met and the Commission recommends it.

Section 39—Application for mining lease by holder of reconnaissance licence or prospecting licence (1) A holder of a reconnaissance licence or a prospecting licence may, prior to the expiration of the licence, apply in the prescribed form for one or more mining leases in respect of all or any of the minerals the subject of the licence and in respect of all or any one or more of the blocks which constitutes the reconnaissance or prospecting area except that the blocks shall form not more than three discrete areas, with each consisting of (a) a single block, or (b) a number of blocks each having aside in common with at least one other block in that area, and each of which could be the subject of a separate mining lease application. 20 (2) Subject to this Act and upon an application duly made under subsection (1), if the applicant has materially complied with the obligations imposed by this Act with respect to, (a) the holding of the lease, [sic] and (b) the activities to be conducted under the licence, the Minister on the recommendation of the Commission shall, within sixty days of receipt of the application and subject to all obligations having been satisfied, grant the applicant a mining lease on conditions specified in the lease. (3) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under subsection (2), shall be resolved under section 27.

Section 39Verify source

§ 40Application for a mining lease by any other personProvision

A person may apply for a mining lease in the prescribed form, and the Minister may grant it if the application is duly made and the Commission recommends it.

Section 40—Application for a mining lease by any other person (1) A person may apply in the prescribed form for a mining lease in respect of a mineral specified in the application over land that is not the subject of a mineral right for the mineral applied for. (2) On an application duly made, the Minister on the recommendation of the Commission, may grant the applicant a mining lease in respect of all or any of the land applied for and in respect of a mineral specified in the application on conditions prescribed.

Section 40Verify source

§ 41Terms for the grant of a mining leaseProvision

A mining lease must start with a 30-year term unless a shorter period is agreed with the applicant, and the lease area must be at least one block and no more than 300 contiguous blocks.

Section 41—Terms for the grant of a mining lease (1) A mining lease shall be for an initial term of thirty years or for a lesser period that may be agreed with the applicant. (2) The area in respect of which a mining lease may be granted shall not be less than one block or more than three hundred contiguous blocks each having a side in common with at least one other block the subject of the grant.

Section 41Verify source

§ 42Rejection of an application for a mining leaseAmendment

The Minister cannot reject a mining lease application unless the applicant was told the concerns in writing and given a chance to amend, or, for default, given notice and time to fix it.

Section 42—Rejection of an application for a mining lease (1) The Minister shall not reject an application for a mining lease made under this Act, (a) unless the concerns of the Minister have been conveyed in writing to the applicant and the applicant has been given an opportunity to make appropriate amendments to the application or to the proposed programme of mineral operations and has within a reasonable time that the Minister may permit, failed to do so, or (b) on the grounds that the applicant is in default, unless the Minister has given the applicant notice of the default and the applicant has failed within a reasonable time that may be specified in the notice to remedy the default. (2) A dispute between the Minister and an applicant in respect of a matter that arises under subsection (1) shall be referred for resolution under section 27.

Section 42Verify source

§ 43Government participation in mining leaseProvision

If a mineral right is for mining or exploitation, the Government must take a 10% free carried interest in the mineral operations. The Government may also agree with the holder on additional participation.

Section 43—Government participation in mining lease (1) Where a mineral right is for mining or exploitation, the Government shall acquire a ten percent free carried interest in the rights and obligations of the mineral operations in respect of which financial contribution shall not be paid by Government. 21 (2) Subsection (1) does not preclude the Government from any other or further participation in mineral operations that may be agreed with the holder.

Section 43Verify source

§ 44Renewal of mining leaseProvision

A mining lease holder may apply to the Minister to extend the lease, but the application must be timely and include a proposed mineral operations programme.

Section 44—Renewal of mining lease (1) A holder of a mining lease may, at any time but not later than three months before the expiration of the initial term of the mining lease or a shorter period that the Minister allows, apply in a prescribed form to the Minister for an extension of the term of the lease for a further period of up to thirty years in respect of all or any number of contiguous blocks the subject of the lease and in respect of all or any of the minerals the subject of the lease. (2) An application made under subsection (1) shall be accompanied with a proposed programme of mineral operations. (3) On an application duly made under subsection (1) and if the holder has materially complied with the obligations imposed by this Act with respect to the holding of and activities pursuant to the mining lease, the Minister shall grant the extension of the term of the lease on conditions specified in writing. (4) Where the holder has made an application for an extension of the term of the lease, and the term of the lease would but for this subsection, expire, the lease shall continue in force in respect to the land the subject of the application until the application is determined. (5) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under this section, shall be resolved under section 27.

Section 44Verify source

§ 45Amendment of programme of mining operationsAmendment

A mining lease holder must tell the Minister about intended amendments to the mining operations programme.

Section 45—Amendment of programme of mining operations (1) A holder of a mining lease shall notify the Minister of amendments the holder intends to make to the programme of mining operations and the amendments shall, unless the Minister on reasonable grounds rejects them within two months after being so notified, have effect after that period. (2) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under this section, shall be resolved under section 27.

Section 45Verify source

§ 46Rights conferred by mining leaseProvision

A mining lease authorises the holder, and authorised agents or employees, to enter the lease land and carry out specified mining-related activities, subject to the Act and regulations.

Section 46—Rights conferred by mining lease Subject to this Act and Regulations made under this Act, a mining lease authorises the holder, the holder's agents and employees and a person authorised by the holder, in accordance with this Act, to enter upon the land the subject of the miming lease, to (a) conduct mineral operations including, without limitation, to mine for the specified minerals of the mining lease, (b) erect equipment, plant and buildings for the purposes of mining, transporting, dressing, treating, smelting or refining the specified minerals recovered by the holder during the mining operations, (c) take and remove from the land the specified minerals and dispose of them in accordance with the holder's approved marketing plan, 22 (d) stack or dump a mineral or waste product as approved in the holder's Environmental Impact Statement, and (e) conduct other incidental or ancillary activity

Section 46Verify source

§ 47Merger and enlargement of mineral rightsProvision

A mineral-right holder may apply to merge or enlarge contiguous mineral rights, and the Minister may approve enlargement if satisfied the extra area is needed for the holder’s operations.

Section 47—Merger and enlargement of mineral rights (1) Subject to this Act, if a holder of a mineral right covering contiguous blocks considers that the efficient and economic management of its operations require the merger of all or part of its mineral rights, the holder may apply to the Minister for the merger to be effected on the terms that may be agreed between the holder and the Minister. (2) A holder of a mineral right may apply to the Minister for the enlargement of the area to which the lease relates by the inclusion of additional contiguous blocks and the Minister may, subject to this Act; approve the application if the Minister is satisfied on reasonable grounds that the additional area is required for the holder's operations. (3) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under this section, shall be resolved under section 27.

Section 47Verify source

§ 48Stability agreement 3Provision

The Minister may enter a stability agreement with a mining lease holder, but it must be ratified by Parliament.

Section 48—Stability agreement (1) The Minister may as apart of a mining lease enter into a stability agreement with the holder of the mining lease, to ensure that the holder of the mining lease will not, for a period not exceeding fifteen years from the date of the agreement, (a) be adversely affected by a new enactment, order, instrument or other action made under a new enactment or changes to an enactment, order, instrument that existed at the time of the stability agreement, or other action taken under these that have the effect or purport to have the effect of imposing obligations upon the holder or applicant of the mining lease, and (b) be adversely affected by subsequent changes to (i) the level of and payment of customs or other duties relating to the entry of materials, goods, equipment and any other inputs necessary to the mining operations or project, (ii) the level of and payment of royalties, taxes, fees and other fiscal imports, and (iii) laws relating to exchange control, transfer of capital and dividend remittance. (2) A stability agreement entered into under subsection (1) shall be subject to ratification by Parliament.

Section 48Verify source

§ 49Development agreementProvision

The Minister may enter into a development agreement under a mining lease, on the Commission’s advice, if the person’s proposed investment exceeds US$500 million.

Section 49—Development agreement (1) The Minister on the advice of the Commission may enter into a development agreement under a mining lease with a person where the proposed investment by the person will exceed US$ five hundred million. (2) A development agreement may contain provisions, (a) relating to the mineral right or operations to be conducted under the mining lease, (b) relating to the circumstance or mariner in which the Minister will exercise a discretion conferred by or under this Act, 23 (c) on stability terms as provided under section 48, (d) relating to environmental issues and obligations of the holder to safe-guard the environment in accordance with this Act or another enactment, and (e) dealing with the settlement of disputes. (3) A development agreement is subject to ratification by Parliament.

Section 49Verify source

§ 50Recruitment and training of GhanaiansProvision

A mining lease holder must submit to the Commission a detailed programme for recruiting and training Ghanaian personnel, and this programme is a condition for the grant of the mining lease.

Section 50—Recruitment and training of Ghanaians (1) In pursuance of a localisation policy each holder of a mining lease shall submit to the Commission a detailed programme for the recruitment and training of Ghanaian personnel as prescribed. (2) The programme to be submitted under subsection (1) shall be a condition for the grant of a mining lease. (3) For the purposes of subsection (1) "localisation" means a training programme designed towards the eventual replacement of expatriate personnel by Ghanaian personnel.

Section 50Verify source

§ 51Suspension of productionProvision

A mining lease holder must give the Minister advance notice before suspending production, explain why, and may need to notify within 14 days if advance notice was impossible for reasons beyond control.

Section 51—Suspension of production (1) The holder of a mining lease shall notify the Minister three months in advance where the holder proposes to suspend production from the mine and shall in each case, give reasons for the suspension. (2) Where the holder is unable to give the required notice as provided under subsection (1) for reasons beyond the holder's control including, without limitation, market conditions and the holder suspends production from a mine, the holder shall, within fourteen days of the suspension notify the Minister. (3) The suspension of production shall not exceed twelve months and the holder may apply in writing to the Minister for extension for a period not exceeding twelve months. (4) On receiving the notification under subsection (1) or on the Minister becoming aware of a suspension of production, the Minister shall cause the matter to be investigated and shall subject to any relevant requirement contained in the mining lease (a) give approval for the suspension, or (b) direct the holder of the mining lease to resume full production at the mine by a specified date. (5) Approval of suspension may be given subject to conditions that the Minister may on the advice of the Commission determine.

Section 51Verify source

§ 52Change of control of company holding mining leaseProvision

A person cannot become controller of a mining company unless they first give written notice to the Minister and the Minister does not object within two months.

Section 52—Change of control of company holding mining lease (1) A person may not become a controller of a mining company unless (a) the person has served on the Minister notice in writing stating that the person intends to become a controller of the mining company, and 24 (b) the Minister has, before the end of a period of two months beginning with the date of service of that notice, notified the person in writing that there is no objection to the person becoming a controller of the mining company or that period has elapsed without the Minister having served on the person a written notice of objection to the person becoming a controller of the mining company. (2) A notice under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) shall contain information that the Minister may reasonably direct and the Minister may, after receiving a notice from a person, by notice in writing, require the person to provide additional information or documents the Minister may reasonably require to decide whether to serve a notice of objection or not. (3) Where additional information or documents are required from a person under subsection (2), the time between the giving of the notice and the receipt of the information or documents shall be added to the period specified in paragraph (b) of subsection (1). (4) A notice served by a person under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) shall not have effect if the person fails to acquire the controlling interest within a period of one year from the date of service of the notice.

Section 52Verify source

§ 53Objection to new or increased controlProvision

The Minister must issue a written objection notice in specified controller situations and may ask for information or documents before deciding.

Section 53—Objection to new or increased control (1) The Minister shall serve a written notice of objection under this section on a person who has given a notice under section 52 if the Minister considers on reasonable grounds that the public interest would be prejudiced by the person concerned becoming a controller of the mining company. (2) Where a person required to give a notice under section 52(1)(a) in relation to the person becoming a controller, becomes a controller of that description without having given the notice, the Minister shall serve the person with a written notice of objection under this section within a period of six months after becoming aware of that fact and may, for the purpose of deciding whether to serve the notice, require the person by notice in writing to provide information or documents that the Minister may reasonably require. (3) A dispute between the Minister and a person upon whom a notice of objection is served under subsection (1) shall be referred for resolution under section 27.

Section 53Verify source

§ 54Contraventions by controllerOffence

A person commits an offence if they fail to give the required notice or become a controller too late under section 52, or if they become or remain a controller after a notice of objection under section 53.

Section 54—Contraventions by controller (1) A person who contravenes section 52 by (a) failing to give the notice required under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of that section, or (b) becoming a controller of a description to which that section applies, before the end of the period specified in paragraph (b) of that sub-section, unless the Minister has previously notified the person writing that there is no objection to that person becoming such a controller, commits an offence (2) A person who, (a) contravenes section 53 by becoming a controller of any description after being served with a notice of objection to that person becoming a controller of that description, or 25 (b) having become a controller of any description, in contravention of that section, whether before or after being served with a notice of objection, continues to be the controller after the notice has been served on the person, commits an offence. (3) A person convicted of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to a fine not more than the cedi equivalent of US$ twenty thousand or imprisonment for a term not more than three years or to both.

Section 54Verify source

§ 55Restriction and sale of sharesProvision

The Minister and the Court can restrict, sell, and transfer certain shares in specified cases, and share transfers and voting rights may be blocked while restrictions apply.

Section 55—Restriction and sale of shares (1) The powers conferred by this section shall be exercised where a person, (a) has contravened section 53 by becoming a controller after being served with a notice of objection to the person becoming a controller, or (b) having become a controller in contravention of section 53 continues to be one after the notice has been served on the person. (2) The Minister acting on the recommendation of the Commission may, by Executive Instrument, order that specified shares to which this section applies shall, until further order is made, be subject to one or more of the following restrictions: (a) a transfer of, or agreement to transfer those shares or, in the case of unissued shares, a transfer of or agreement to transfer the right to be issued with them shall be void; (b) no voting rights shall be exercisable in respect of the shares; (c) no further shares shall be issued in right of them or in pursuance of an offer made to their holder; (d) except in a liquidation, no payment shall be made for sums due from the mining company on the shares, whether in respect of capital or otherwise. (3) The Minister may make an application to the High Court for the sale of specified shares to which this section applies. (4) On an application to the Court under subsection (3), the Court may order the sale of specified shares and where the shares are for the time being subject to restrictions under subsection (2), order that they shall cease to be subject to those restrictions. (5) For the purpose of effecting a sale under subsection (4), the Court may order the holder or another person to execute a necessary transfer on behalf of a holder and may order the directors of the relevant mining company to enter the name of the transfers in the appropriate register, despite the absence of a share or other relevant certificate being lodged in respect of the shares and to issue a new certificate to the transferee, and an instrument of transfer executed by the person pursuant to the order shall be as effective as if it had been executed by the registered holder of the specified shares. (6) Neither the Minister nor any other person is liable to a holder or a person who has an interest in the specified share or other person for an act done pursuant to an order of the Court or for the consequences of the act. 26 (7) Where shares are sold in pursuance of an order under this section, the proceeds of sale, less the costs of the sale, shall be paid into Court for the benefit of the persons beneficially interested in them and the person may apply to the Court for the whole or part of the proceeds to be paid to that person. (8) This section applies (a) to the shares or rights to be issued with shares in the mining company of which the person in question is a controller which are held by the person or an associate of the person and which were not held immediately before the person became a controller, and (b) where the person in question became a controller of a mining company as a result of the acquisition by the person or an associate of the person of shares in another company, to all the shares or rights to be issued with shares in that company which are held by the person or an associate of the person which were not held before the person became the controller. (9) A copy of the instrument referred to in subsection (2) shall be served on the person and on the mining company to whose shares it relates and, if it relates to shares held by an associate of that person, on the associate, except that there is no obligation to serve a copy of the order if the Minister does not know both the identity and the address of the person to be served.

Section 55Verify source

§ 56Notification of ceasing to be a controllerProvision

A person must notify the Minister in writing before, or within 14 days after, ceasing to be a controller of the mining company.

Section 56—Notification of ceasing to be a controller A person shall notify the Minister in writing prior to or within fourteen days of ceasing to be a controller of the mining company.

Section 56Verify source

§ 57Notification by mining companyOffence

A mining company must give the Minister written notice when a person becomes or stops being a controller of the company.

Section 57—Notification by mining company (1) A mining company shall give written notice to the Minister of the fact that a person has become or ceased to be a controller of the company. (2) A notice required to be given under subsection (1) shall be given within fourteen days of the mining company becoming aware of the relevant facts. (3) A mining company which fails to give the notice required under subsection (1) is liable to an administrative penalty of the cedi equivalent of US$ one thousand payable to the Commission.

Section 57Verify source

§ 58Investigation on behalf of the MinisterOffence

The Minister may appoint investigators into a mining company’s ownership or control, and certain company insiders must provide documents, attend, and assist when required.

Section 58—Investigation on behalf of the Minister (1) Where the Minister considers it desirable to do so in the public interest, the Minister may appoint one or more competent persons to investigate and report to the Minister on the ownership or control of a mining company. (2) The Minister shall promptly give to the mining company, written notice of the appointment. (3) A person who is or was a director, controller, employee, agent, banker, auditor or solicitor of a company which is under investigation must (a) produce to the person appointed under subsection (1), within the time and at the place in the country that the Minister may require, the documents which are in that person's custody or power, relevant to the shareholding and board of directors to the company, 27 (b) attend before the person appointed at the time and place in the country try that the investigator may require, and (c) give the investigator the assistance in connection with the investigation which the person is reasonably able to give, and the investigator may take copies of or extracts from documents produced under paragraph (a) of this subsection. (4) For the purpose of exercising the powers under this section, a person appointed under subsection (1) accompanied by a police officer, may enter the premises occupied by a company which is being investigated by the person under this section; but the investigator shall not do so without prior notice in writing unless the investigator has reasonable cause to believe that if notice were given, documents whose production could be required under this section, would be removed, tampered with or destroyed. (5) A person exercising power by virtue of an appointment under this section shall, if so required, produce evidence of authority. (6) A person who, (a) without reasonable excuse fails to produce documents which it is that person's duty to produce under subsection (2), (b) without reasonable excuse fails to attend before the investigator appointed under subsection (1) when required to do so, (c) without reasonable excuse fails to answer a question which is put to the person by the investigator with respect to the company which is being investigated, or (d) intentionally obstructs a person in the exercise of the rights conferred by subsection (4), commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not more than the cedi equivalent of US$ ten thousand or a term of imprisonment not exceeding three years or to both. (7) A statement made by a person in compliance with a requirement under this section may be used in evidence against the person. (8) Nothing in this section requires disclosure of an information or document by a person which the person is entitled to refuse to disclose or provide under the Evidence Decree, 1975 (N.R.C.D. 323) or under some other enactment.

Section 58Verify source

§ 59Mine support servicesProvision

Persons or companies that provide prescribed services to a mineral-right holder and are registered with the Commission may be granted a concession.

Section 59—Mine support services Persons or companies providing prescribed services to a holder of a mineral right and registered with the Commission may be granted concession as prescribed.

Section 59Verify source

§ 60Special share to RepublicRepeal

The Minister may require a mining company to issue a special share to the Republic. The share has specific default rights and limits, and a company can be fined if it does not comply with a notice for two months.

Section 60—Special share to Republic (1) The Minister may by notice in writing to a mining company require the mining company to issue to the Republic a special share, by whatever name called in the company for no consideration. 28 (2) A special share shall constitute a separate class of shares and shall have the rights that shall be agreed between the Minister and the company, but in the absence of the agreement shall have the following rights: (a) a special share is a preference share and shall carry no right to vote but the holder is entitled to receive notice of and to attend and speak at a general meeting of the members of the company or a separate meeting of the holders of a class of shares in the company; (b) the special share may only be issued to, held by or transferred to the President, the Minister or another person acting on behalf of the Republic and authorised in writing by the President or the Minister; (c) the special share shall not confer a right to participate in the dividends, profits or assets of the company or a return of assets in a winding up or liquidation of the company; (d) the holder of the special share may require the company to redeem the special share at any time for no consideration or for a consideration determined by the company and payable to the holder on behalf of the Republic; (e) each of the following matters shall be taken to be a variation of the rights that attach to the special share, and shall accordingly be effective only with the prior written consent of the holder of the special share, which consent may not be unreasonably delayed or withheld or made subject to unreasonable conditions, (i) an amendment to or removal of a provision in the constitution, regulations, bye-laws, articles of association, or other equivalent document regulating the company which reflect or further the intention of all or any of the provisions of this section or of sections 51 to 60; (ii) the voluntary winding-up or voluntary liquidation of the company; (iii) the disposal of a mining lease granted under this Act or a repealed law upon which mining operations are conducted or of the whole or a material part of the assets of the company which are attributable to the company's operations in Ghana but are not held in the country. (3) A mining company which fails to comply for a period of two months with a notice served under subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not more than the cedi equivalent of US$ ten thousand. (4) A dispute between the Minister and a holder in respect of a matter that arises under this section shall be referred for resolution under section 27.

Section 60Verify source

§ 61Modification of application of Companies Code (Act 179) Radio-active mineralsProvision

Sections 51 to 60 still apply and must be carried out even if other company-law documents or agreements say otherwise, except for a company–Republic agreement about applying those sections.

Section 61—Modification of application of Companies Code (Act 179) The provisions of sections 51 to 60 shall apply and be implemented despite (a) provisions of the Companies Code, 1963 (Act 179), (b) provisions in the constitution, regulations, bye-laws or articles of association of any company, or (c) an agreement to which a company is a party, other than an agreement between a company and the Republic that relates to the application of the sections. Radio-active minerals 29

Section 61Verify source

§ 62Radio-active mineralsProvision

Radio-active minerals are subject to the Act’s mineral rules, and anyone who discovers one must notify the Commission and the Geological Survey Department immediately.

Section 62—Radio-active minerals (1) The provisions of this Act which relate to reconnaissance, prospecting and mining of minerals shall, subject to the provisions contained in sections 62 to 66, apply to radio-active minerals with the modifications that may be necessary. (2) Where a radioactive mineral is discovered in the course of exercising a right under this Actor under another enactment, the holder of the mineral right or another person shall immediately notify the Commission and the Geological Survey Department of the discovery. (3) Where a radio-active mineral is discovered on land other than land subject to a mineral right, the owner of the land shall immediately notify the Commission and the Geological Survey Department of the discovery.

Section 62Verify source

§ 63Holder of radio-active mineral right to report operationsProvision

A licence or lease holder under section 62 must give the Commission and the Geological Survey Department a written true report each month, within the first week, about the previous month’s prospecting and mining operations for radioactive minerals.

Section 63—Holder of radio-active mineral right to report operations A holder of a licence or lease under section 62 shall within the first week of each month furnish the Commission and the Geological Survey Department with a true report in writing of the prospecting and mining operations conducted by the holder in the immediately preceding month with respect to radioactive minerals.

Section 63Verify source

§ 64Export of radio-active mineralProvision

A person must not export a radio-active mineral unless it is done under a permit from the Minister.

Section 64—Export of radio-active mineral (1) A person shall not export a radio-active mineral except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permit granted by the Minister for that purpose. (2) A permit issued under subsection (1) shall be in the form and shall be subject to the payment of the fee that the Minister may on the advice of the Commission determine.

Section 64Verify source

§ 65Offence and penalties under sections 62 to 64Offence

Breaking sections 62 to 64 or getting a permit by false statement is an offence, punishable on summary conviction by a fine, imprisonment up to two years, or both; the court must also order forfeiture of any radioactive mineral obtained.

Section 65—Offence and penalties under sections 62 to 64 (1) A person who contravenes section 62 to 64 or obtains a permit by means of a false statement or representation commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not more than the cedi equivalent of US$ fifty thousand or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both. (2) The court before which a person is convicted of an offence under subsection (1) shall order the forfeiture to the State of any radio-active mineral obtained by the person convicted.

Section 65Verify source

§ 66Powers of search and arrest Surrender, suspension and cancellation of mineral rightsOffence

Certain authorized officers may enter, search, arrest, and seize items without a warrant for mineral-law enforcement purposes.

Section 66—Powers of search and arrest A police officer not below the rank of an Inspector, a senior official of the Inspectorate Division of the Commission, and an officer authorised by the Minister may, for the purpose of enforcing section 62 to 66 without warrant, (a) enter and search a place where the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that an offence under section 65 has been or is about to be committed, (b) search and arrest a person who the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect to have committed or is about to commit an offence under section 65, (c) seize radio-active mineral which the officer suspects to have been obtained contrary to sections 62 and 63, 30 (d) seize prospecting or mining apparatus, which is used or about to be used in the commission of an offence under section 64. Surrender, suspension and cancellation of a mineral right

Section 66Verify source

§ 67Surrender of mineral rightsAmendment

A mineral-right holder who wants to surrender land must apply to the Minister for a certificate of surrender at least two months before the intended surrender date.

Section 67—Surrender of a mineral right (1) A holder of a mineral right who wishes to surrender all or apart of the land subject to the mineral right shall apply to the Minister for a certificate of surrender not later than two months before the date on which the holder wishes the surrender to take effect. (2) An application under subsection (1) shall be in accordance with prescribed Regulations. (3) Subject to subsection (4), upon an application duly made under subsection (1), the Minister shall issue a certificate of surrender in respect of the land to which the application relates. (4) The Minister shall not issue a certificate of surrender (a) to an applicant who is in default, (b) to an applicant who fails to give records and reports in relation to the applicant's mineral operations, (c) where the Minister is not satisfied that the applicant will surrender the land in a condition which is safe and accords with good mining practice, or (d) in respect of land, if the remaining area of the land after the surrender would not be less than one block. (5) Where a certificate of surrender is issued under this section, the Minister shall, where only part of the land subject to the mineral right is surrendered, amend the relevant licence accordingly or cancel the mineral right where the surrender is in respect of the whole area covered by the mineral right. (6) Land in respect of which a certificate of surrender is issued, shall be treated as having been surrendered with effect from the date on which the certificate of surrender is issued under subsection (3). (7) The surrender of land under this section shall not affect a liability incurred by a person in respect of that land before the date on which the surrender took effect.

Section 67Verify source

§ 68Suspension and cancellation of mineral rightProvision

The Minister may suspend or cancel a mineral right for specified holder defaults or misconduct, but must first give notice and allow time to remedy the breach or show cause.

Section 68—Suspension and cancellation a mineral right (1) The Minister on the recommendation of the Commission may suspend or cancel a mineral right if the holder, (a) fails to make payment on the due date, whether due to the Republic or another person, required by or under this Act, (b) becomes insolvent or bankrupt, enters into an agreement or scheme of composition with the holder's creditors, or takes advantage of an enactment for the benefit of its debtors or goes into liquidation, except as part of a scheme for an arrangement or amalgamation, (c) makes a statement to the Minister in connection with its mineral right which the holder knows or ought to have known to be materially false, or 31 (d) for a reason, becomes ineligible to apply for a mineral right under this Act. (2) The Minister shall, before suspending or cancelling a mineral right under subsection (1), give notice to the holder and shall in the notice, require the holder to remedy a breach of the condition of the mineral right within a reasonable period, being not less than one hundred and twenty days in the case of a mining lease or restricted mining lease or sixty days in the case of another mineral right and where the breach cannot be remedied, to show cause to the reasonable satisfaction of the Minister why the mineral right should not be suspended or cancelled. (3) On cancellation of a mineral right under this section, the right of the holder shall cease but without prejudice to the liabilities or obligations incurred by another person in relation to the mineral right prior to the date of the cancellation.

Section 68Verify source

§ 69Suspension or cancellation of mining lease or restricted mining leaseProvision

The Minister may suspend or cancel a mining lease or restricted mining lease if the holder has failed, without good cause, for two years or more to carry out the holder’s programme or mineral operations.

Section 69—Suspension or cancellation of mining lease or restricted mining lease (1) Without limiting the scope of section 68, the Minister may on the recommendation of the Commission suspend or cancel a mining lease or a restricted mining lease if the holder has failed other than for good cause, for a period of two years or more, to carry out any or a material part of the holder's programme or mineral operations. (2) The Minister shall before suspending or cancelling a mining lease give notice to the holder and shall in the notice, require the holder to remedy the breach within a reasonable period, being not less than one hundred and twenty days, and where the breach cannot be remedied, to show cause to the reasonable satisfaction of the Minister why the mining lease or restricted mining lease should not be suspended or cancelled. (3) A dispute between the Minister and a holder of mining lease in respect of a matter arising under subsection (2) shall be referred for resolution under section 27.

Section 69Verify source

§ 70Vesting of property on termination of mineral rightProvision

After a mineral right ends, the former holder (or certain entitled persons) may remove the mining plant within the stated time, but if it is not removed after ministerial notice it can vest in the Republic.

Section 70—Vesting of property on termination of mineral right (1) When for a reason a mineral right terminates, (a) the person who was the holder of the mineral right immediately prior to the termination, or (b) another person, who is entitled to a mining plant lawfully erected or brought onto the land to which the mineral right relates by the former holder, or a predecessor in title, may, within six months of the termination of the mineral right or a further period allowed by the Minister, remove the mining plant if the mining plant is removed solely for the purpose of use by the former holder or a person deriving title through the former holder, in another relevant mining activity in the country. (2) A mining plant not removed by the former holder within two months after notice is given by the Minister to the former holder at any time after expiration of the period referred to in subsection (1), shall vest in the Republic on the expiration of the two month notice period, but the Minister may not give a notice under this subsection if the land upon which the mining plant is located is the subject of a new mineral right held by the former holder of the terminated mineral right. 32 (3) Nothing in this section removes or diminishes an obligation that the former holder may have under this Act, another enactment or a condition of a mineral right, to remove a mining plant and rehabilitate the land.

Section 70Verify source

§ 71Delivery of documents to Minister on termination of a mineral right Surface rights and compensationOffence

When a mineral right ends, the former holder must give specified records, plans, maps, and related documents to the Minister or as directed. A person who does not deliver required documents within 30 days after being called on by the Minister commits an offence.

Section 71—Delivery of documents to Minister on termination of a mineral right (1) On the termination of a mineral right, the former holder shall deliver to the Minister or as the Minister directs, (a) the records which the holder is obliged under this Act or Regulations made under this Act to maintain, (b) the plans and maps of the area covered by the mineral right prepared by the holder or at the holder's instructions, and (c) other documents, including in electronic format, if available that relate to the mineral right. (2) A person who fails to deliver, within thirty days from the date of being called upon to do so by the Minister, a document which is required to be delivered under subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not more than the cedi equivalent of US$ ten thousand or imprisonment for a term not more than three years or to both. Surface rights and compensation

Section 71Verify source

§ 72Surface rightsProvision

Surface rights are limited by the Act, an enactment, and ministerial limits; certain land users keep grazing/cultivation rights if they do not interfere with mining.

Section 72—Surface rights (1) The holder of a mineral right shall exercise the rights under this Act subject to limitations that relate to surface rights that apply under an enactment and further limitations reasonably determined by the Minister. (2) In the case of a dispute between a holder of a mining lease and the Minister concerning the limitations determined by the Minister under this subsection, the dispute shall be referred for resolution under section 27. (3) The lawful occupier of land within an area subject to a mineral right shall retain the right to graze livestock upon or to cultivate the surface of the land if the grazing or cultivation does not interfere with the mineral operations in the area. (4) In the case of a mining area, the owner or lawful occupier of the land within the mining area shall not erect a building or a structure without the consent of the holder of the mining lease, or if the consent is unreasonably withheld, without the consent of the Minister. (5) The owner of a mining lease shall, in the presence of the owner or lawful occupier or accredited representative of the owner or lawful occupier of land, the subject of a mining lease and in the presence of an officer of the Government agency responsible for land valuation carry out a survey of the crops and produce a crop identification map for the compensation in the event that mining activities are extended to the areas. (6) An owner or lawful occupier of land shall not upgrade to a higher value crop without the written consent of the holder of the mining lease, or if the consent is unreasonably withheld, without the consent of the Minister.

Section 72Verify source

§ 73Compensation for disturbance of owner's surface rightsProvision

Landowners or lawful occupiers may claim compensation for disturbance caused by a mineral right, and the Minister can determine the amount if the parties do not agree.

Section 73—Compensation for disturbance of owner's surface rights 33 (1) The owner or lawful occupier of any land subject to a mineral right is entitled to and may claim from the holder of the mineral right compensation for the disturbance of the rights of the owner or occupier, in accordance with section 74. (2) A claim for compensation under subsection (1) shall be copied to the Minister and the Government agency responsible for land valuation. (3) The amount of compensation payable under subsection (1) shall be determined by agreement between the parties but if the parties are unable to reach an agreement as to the amount of compensation, the matter shall be referred by either party to the Minister who shall, in consultation with the Government agency responsible for land valuation and subject to this Act, determine the compensation payable by the holder of the mineral right. (4) The Minister shall ensure that inhabitants who prefer to be compensated by way of resettlement as a result of being displaced by a proposed mineral operation are settled on suitable alternate land, with due regard to their economic well-being and social and cultural value, and the resettlement is carried out in accordance with the relevant town planning laws. (5) The cost of resettlement under subsection (4) shall be borne by the holder of the mineral right, (a) as agreed by the holder and the owner or occupier as provided under subsection (3) or by separate agreement with the Minister, or (b) in accordance with a determination by the Minister, except that where the holder elects to delay or abandon the proposed mineral operation which will necessitate resettlement, the obligation to bear the cost of resettlement shall only arise upon the holder actually proceeding with the mineral operation. (6) Subject to this section, the Minister and a person authorised by the Minister may take the necessary action to give effect to a resettlement agreement or determination.

Section 73Verify source

§ 74Compensation principlesProvision

This section says an owner or lawful occupier may receive compensation for specified land-related losses, but not for mineral value or claims that cannot be assessed in money.

Section 74—Compensation principles (1) The compensation to which an owner or lawful occupier maybe entitled, may include compensation for, (a) deprivation of the use or a particular use of the natural surface of the land or part of the land, (b) loss of or damage to immovable properties, (c) in the case of land under cultivation, loss of earnings or sustenance suffered by the owner or lawful occupier, having due regard to the nature of their interest in the land, (d) loss of expected income, depending on the nature of crops on the land and their life expectancy, but no claim for compensation lies, whether under this Act or otherwise (e) in consideration for permitting entry to the land for mineral operations, (f) in respect of the value of a mineral in, on or under the surface of the land, or 34 (g) for loss or damage for which compensation cannot be assessed according to legal principles in monetary terms. (2) In making a determination under section 73(3), the Minister shall observe the provisions of article 20(2)(a) of the Constitution which states that, in the case of compulsory acquisition of property, prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation shall be made. (3) An agreement or determination in respect of a compensation to which an owner or lawful occupier is entitled, shall take account of payments and the value of benefits made or given to the owner or occupier in the past or undertaken to be made or given in the future by or on behalf of the holder and which are in the nature of compensation, including without limitation, (a) the cost of resettlement, (b) the annual ground rent, and (c) work that the holder has carried out or undertakes to carry out to make good damage to the land and improvements.

Section 74Verify source

§ 75Access to the Court in respect of compensation 4 Industrial mineralsProvision

Some landowners or lawful occupiers affected by a mineral right cannot go to the High Court for a compensation determination unless they are dissatisfied with the compensation offered or set by the Minister. The person entitled to compensation, or the mineral right holder, may seek High Court review of the Minister’s determination, and the High Court acts with supervisory jurisdiction in those proceedings.

Section 75—Access to the Court in respect of compensation (1) The owner or lawful occupier of land affected by a mineral right shall not apply to the High Court for determination of compensation to which the person is entitled unless the person is dissatisfied with the terms of compensation offered by the holder of the mineral right or as determined by the Minister under section 73(3) or 73(5)(b). (2) The person entitled to be compensated or the holder of the mineral right may apply to the High Court for a review of a determination by the Minister made under section 73(3) or 73(5)(b). (3) In proceedings brought before the High Court under subsection (2), the High Court shall be exercising its supervisory jurisdiction. Industrial minerals

Section 75Verify source

§ 76Licences and leases for industrial mineralsProvision

A person may search, prospect for, or mine industrial minerals only under the stated licence or lease conditions and subject to section 78.

Section 76—Licences and leases for industrial minerals (1) Subject to section 78 a person may, (a) search for industrial mineral by reconnaissance, (b) prospect for industrial mineral, or (c) mine for industrial mineral by holding a restricted reconnaissance licence, restricted prospecting licence or restricted mining lease respectively granted by the Minister or a person authorised by the Minister. (2) Except as provided and subject to specific provision made in this Act in respect of industrial minerals, the provisions of this Act relating to mineral rights apply to industrial minerals subject to the exemptions and modifications that the Minister may prescribe.

Section 76Verify source

§ 77Limits on restricted licences and leasesAmendment

The Minister may grant or amend certain restricted mining licences and leases, and may renew a restricted mining lease, subject to a maximum term of 15 years at a time.

Section 77—Limits on restricted licences and leases 35 (1) A restricted reconnaissance licence, a restricted prospecting licence and a restricted mining lease may be granted by the Minister in respect of an industrial mineral specified in the grant and may be amended to include other industrial minerals. (2) A restricted mining lease shall be valid for the period that is specified in the lease but shall not be more than a period of fifteen years and may on an application made to the Minister be renewed by the Minister for further periods not more than fifteen years at any one time.

Section 77Verify source

§ 78Qualification for application for restricted licence or restricted mining leaseProvision

Section 78—Qualification for application for restricted licence or restricted mining lease (1) A restricted reconnaissance licence, restricted prospecting licence or restricted mining lease shall not be granted to a person who is not a citizen. (2) The Minister may on the recommendation of the Commission cancel a mineral right granted under section 76-80, where the Minister is satisfied that the holder has entered into an arrangement with a person who is not a citizen which arrangement has the effect of transferring to that person the benefit of the mineral right.

Section 78Verify source

§ 79Non-citizen's right to apply for industrial mineral rightProvision

A non-citizen may apply for an industrial mineral right if the proposed investment is at least US$10 million.

Section 79—Non-citizen's right to apply for industrial mineral right (1) A person who is not a citizen may apply for a mineral right in respect of industrial mineral provided the proposed investment in the mineral operations is US$ ten million or above. (2) If the holder of the mineral right fails, within the period of time specified in the holder's programme of mineral operations given with the application, or further time permitted by the Minister, to expend an amount equal to or greater than US$ ten thousand, the Minister may suspend or cancel the mineral right in accordance with section 68.

Section 79Verify source

§ 80Special right of owner or occupier with regard to industrial minerals Small scale mining 81 Application of this PartProvision

Certain landowners, lawful occupiers, local authorities, and mineral-right holders may prospect for and mine industrial minerals for specified on-site uses, if they do not harm another person’s mineral right.

Section 80—Special right of owner or occupier with regard to industrial minerals Nothing in this Act prevents (a) a local authority on land owned by it, (b) the owner or lawful occupier of land owned or occupied by the person, or (c) the holder of a mineral right on land to which the right relates, from prospecting for and mining an industrial mineral to be used by the owner, occupier or holder solely for building, road construction or agricultural purposes on the land, so long as the exercise of the right is not inconsistent with or detrimental to the right of another person holding a mineral right in respect of the land. Small scale mining

Section 80Verify source

§ 81Section 81Substitution

This section says that Sections 82 to 98 apply only to small scale mining, while Section 99 applies to illegal small scale mining and other illegal mining.

Section 81—Application (1) Sections 82 to 98 apply to small scale mining only. (2) Section 99 applies to illegal small scale mining and other forms of illegal mining. [ As substituted by the Minerals and Mining (Amendment) Act, 2019 (ACT 995), s. 1]

Section 81Verify source

§ 82Licence for small scale miningProvision

Small scale mining for a mineral is not allowed unless there is a licence for that mining operation granted by the Minister for Mines or an officer the Minister authorises.

Section 82—Licence for small scale mining 36 (1) Despite a law to the contrary, a person shall not engage in or undertake a small scale mining operation for a mineral unless there is in existence in respect of the mining operation a licence granted by the Minister for Mines or by an officer authorised by the Minister. (2) An application for a licence shall be made in a form the Minister may direct to the office of the Commission in the designated area and shall be submitted with a fee the Minister may determine. (3) Where a mineral licence has been granted over a parcel of land, another mineral licence of the same kind shall not be granted in respect of the same land.

Section 82Verify source

§ 83Qualification of applicant for small scale mining licenceProvision

A small-scale mining licence cannot be granted unless the person is a Ghanaian citizen, at least 18 years old, and registered by the Commission’s office in a designated area.

Section 83—Qualification of applicant for small scale mining licence A licence for small-scale mining operation shall not be granted to a person unless that person (a) is a citizen of Ghana, (b) has attained the age of eighteen years, and (c) is registered by the office of the Commission in an area designated under section 90 (1).

Section 83Verify source

§ 84Conditions for the grant of a licenceProvision

A licence granted by the Minister must relate to the mineral named in the licence and follow the licence’s stated conditions, unless sections 82 to 99 provide otherwise.

Section 84—Conditions for the grant of a licence Except otherwise provided in section 82 to 99, a licence granted by the Minister shall be in respect of the mineral specified in the licence and shall be subject to conditions specified in the licence.

Section 84Verify source

§ 85Duration of a licenceProvision

A licence under section 82(1) lasts no more than five years at first issue and may be renewed when it expires; the Minister may set the renewal period and prescribe fees for small-scale mining licences.

Section 85—Duration of a licence (1) A licence granted under section 82 (1) to a person, a group of persons, a co-operative society or a company shall be for a period not more than five years from the date of issue in the first instance and may be renewed on expiry for a further period that the Minister may determine. (2) The Minister may by legislative instrument and on the advice of the Commission, prescribe the fees payable for the grant and renewal of licences for small-scale mining.

Section 85Verify source

§ 86Areas covered by licenceProvision

A licence for small scale mining may cover only an area sized according to the number of blocks prescribed.

Section 86—Areas covered by licence The size of the area in respect of which a licence may be granted for small scale mining shall be in accordance with the number of blocks prescribed.

Section 86Verify source

§ 87Revocation of licenceOffence

The Minister may revoke a licence if the licensee breaks licence terms or requirements, is convicted of certain minerals-related offences, or if revocation is in the public interest.

Section 87—Revocation of licence The Minister may revoke a licence granted under section 82 (1) where, (a) the Minister is satisfied that the licensee has contravened or failed to comply with a term or condition of the licence or a requirement applicable to the licensee, (b) the licensee is convicted of any offence relating to the smuggling or illegal sale or dealing in minerals, or (c) the Minister is satisfied that it is in the public interest to do so.

Section 87Verify source

§ 88Transfer of licenceProvision

A licence under section 82(1) may be transferred only to a citizen and only with the Minister’s consent.

Section 88—Transfer of licence 37 A licence granted under section 82 (1) may be transferred only to a citizen and with the consent of the Minister.

Section 88Verify source

§ 89Designated areasProvision

The Minister may, after consulting the Commission and if it is in the public interest, designate an area for small-scale mining and specify the mineral to be mined.

Section 89—Designated areas Where the Minister, after consultation with the Commission considers that it is in the public interest to encourage small scale mining in an area, the Minister may by notice in the Gazette, designate that area for small scale mining operations and specify the mineral to be mined.

Section 89Verify source

§ 90Establishment of District Small Scale Mining Centres and functions of CentresProvision

The Commission may set up a District Office in a mining area, and must appoint a District Officer to head it.

Section 90—Establishment of District offices of the Commission (1) The Commission may establish in an area designated for mining operations, an Office to be known as the District Office of the Commission referred to in this Act as the "District Office". (2) There shall be appointed by the Commission a District Officer who shall be the head of the District Office of the Commission. (3) A District Office shall among other functions (a) compile a register of the small scale miners and prospective small scale miners specifying particulars that may be determined by the Minister; (b) supervise and monitor the operation and activities of the small scale miners and prospective small scale miners; (c) advise and provide training facilities and assistance necessary for effective and efficient small scale mining operations, (d) submit to the Commission in a form and at intervals directed by the Commission, reports or other documents and information on small scale mining activities within the District; and (e) facilitate the formation of Small Scale Miners Associations.

Section 90Verify source

§ 91Registration of prospective licenseesProvision

People who are engaged in, or want to do, small scale mining must register with the District Office in the area where they operate or plan to operate.

Section 91—Registration of prospective licensees (1) A person engaged in or wishing to undertake a type of small scale mining operation shall register with the District Office of the designated area where the person operates or intends to operate. (2) A person shall not be granted a licence under section 82 (1) unless the person is registered under this section.

Section 91Verify source

§ 92Small Scale Mining CommitteesProvision

A Small Scale Mining Committee must be established in every designated area.

Section 92—Small Scale Mining Committees (1) There is established in every designated area a Small Scale Mining Committee. (2) The Committee consists of the following members: (a) the District Chief Executive or the representative of the District Chief Executive who shall be the chairperson of the Committee; (b) the District Officer appointed under section 90(2); (c) one person nominated by the relevant District Assembly; 38 (d)one person nominated by the relevant Traditional Council; (e)an officer from the Inspectorate Division of the Commission; and (f) an officer from the Environmental Protection Agency. (3) The Committee shall assist the District Office to effectively monitor, promote and develop mining operations in the designated area. (4) The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Minister and shall hold office for a period and on terms and conditions determined by the Minister.

Section 92Verify source

§ 93Operations of small scale minersProvision

A person licensed under section 82 may win, mine, and produce minerals, and must do so using good mining practices, health and safety rules, and due regard for environmental protection.

Section 93—Operations of small scale miners A person licensed under section 82 may win, mine and produce minerals by an effective and efficient method and shall observe good mining practices, health and safety rules and pay due regard to the protection of the environment during mining operations.

Section 93Verify source

§ 94Compensation for use of landProvision

If a licence is granted in a designated area to someone other than the landowner, the licensee must pay compensation to the owner for use of the land and any crop destruction.

Section 94—Compensation for use of land Where a licence is granted in a designated area to a person other than the owner of the land, the licensee shall pay compensation for the use of the land and destruction of crops to the owner of the land that the Minister in consultation with the Commission and the Government agency with responsibility for valuation of public lands may prescribe.

Section 94Verify source

§ 95Use of explosivesProvision

A small-scale miner must not use explosives in the area of operation unless the Minister gives written permission based on the Commission’s recommendation.

Section 95—Use of explosives A small-scale miner shall not without the written permission of the Minister on the recommendation of the Commission use explosives in the area of operation.

Section 95Verify source

§ 96Purchase of mercuryProvision

A small-scale miner may buy mercury from an authorised mercury dealer, but only in quantities reasonably needed for the miner’s operations.

Section 96—Purchase of mercury A small-scale miner may purchase from an authorised mercury dealer the quantities of mercury that may be reasonably necessary for the mining operations of the small scale miner.

Section 96Verify source

§ 96AProvision of mining support servicesAmendment

Non-Ghanaians and foreign companies must not provide mining support services for small-scale mining operations.

Section 96A—Provision of mining support services A non-Ghanaian or a foreign company shall not provide mining support services for a small- scale mining operation. [As inserted by the Minerals and Mining (Amendment) Act, 2019 (Act 995), s. 2]

Section 96AVerify source

§ 97Sale of mineralsProvision

Sales of minerals by licensed small-scale miners, and shipments of rough diamonds to and from the country, are subject to rules made by the Minister.

Section 97—Sale of minerals (1) The sale of a mineral won by a licensed small-scale miner shall be subject to Rules and Regulations prescribed by the Minister. (2) A person is presumed to be lawfully in possession of minerals until the contrary is proved. (3) Shipment of rough diamonds to and from the country shall be subject to rules and regulations as prescribed by the Minister and shall be in accordance with the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

Section 97Verify source

§ 98Sale of jewelleryProvision

A person may sell personal jewellery to an authorised dealer or another person, but gold artifacts and gold coins may be disposed of only to an authorised dealer.

Section 98—Sale of jewellery (1) Nothing precludes a person from disposing of personal jewellery to an authorised dealer or another person. 39 (2) A person shall dispose of a gold artifact or gold coin only to an authorized dealer.

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§ 99Offences and penalties Administration and miscellaneous provisionsOffence

This section makes several mining-related acts offences and sets fines, prison terms, seizure, forfeiture, and a ministerial allocation duty.

Section 99—Offences and penalties (1) A person who buys or sells minerals without— (a) a licence in accordance with section 6, 82, 97 or 104; or (b) a valid authority granted under this Act or any other enactment, commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than ten thousand penalty units and not more than fifteen thousand penalty units, and to a term of imprisonment of not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty-five years. (2) A person who— (a) without a licence granted by the Minister, undertakes a mining operation contrary to a provision of this Act, (b) acts or instigates, commands, counsels, procures, solicits, or in any manner purposely aids, facilitates, encourages, or promotes any acts in contravention of a provision of this Act in respect of which a penalty has not been specified, or (c) contracts a non-Ghanaian to provide mining support services commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than ten thousand penalty units and not more than fifteen thousand penalty units and to a term of imprisonment of not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty-five years. (3) A non-Ghanaian who undertakes a mining operation or facilitates the participation of any person in mining contrary to a provision of this Act commits an offence and is liable on a conviction to— (a) a fine of not less than one hundred thousand penalty units and not more than three hundred and fifty thousand penalty units; and (b) a term of imprisonment of not less than twenty years and not more than twenty-five years; or (c) both the fine and the imprisonment. (4) Where a non-Ghanaian who is liable on summary conviction under subsection (3) is a person liable to deportation under section 35 of the Immigration Act, 2000 (Act 573), that non- Ghanaian shall, where sentenced to a term of imprisonment, serve the full sentence before deportation in accordance with subsection (3) of section 37 of Act 573. (5) A Ghanaian who— (a) permits a non-Ghanaian to undertake or to participate, or (b) facilitates the participation of a non-Ghanaian, in mining contrary to this Act commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than thirty thousand penalty units and not more than one hundred thousand penalty units and to a term of imprisonment of not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty-five years. 40 (6) A person who fabricates, manufactures or uses a floating platform or any other equipment for mining, dredging or any other mode of mining for the purpose of obtaining minerals in or along the banks of a natural water body including a river, a stream, a water course, the exclusive economic zone and any area covered by the territorial sea or continental shelf of the Republic of Ghana commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than fifty thousand penalty units and not more than one hundred thousand penalty units or to a term of imprisonment of not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty-five years or to both the fine and the term of imprisonment. (7) A person who provides or is involved in the provision of an excavator or any other equipment for mining operations contrary to a provision of this Act commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine of not less than fifty thousand penalty units and not more than one hundred thousand penalty units or to a term of imprisonment of not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty-five years or to both the fine and the imprisonment. (8) Where a person is arrested for an offence under subsection (3), (5), (6) or (7), any equipment used in or associated with the commission of the offence and any product derived from the commission of the offence shall, without regard to the ownership of the equipment or product, be seized and kept in the custody of the police. (9) A court that convicts a person for any offence under subsection (2), (3), (5), (6) or (7) shall, in addition to the penalty that the court may impose, order the forfeiture of any equipment or product seized under subsection (8) to the State. (10) The Minister shall, within sixty days after the confiscation of the equipment or product, allocate the equipment or product to the appropriate State institution and publish in the Gazette the name of the State institution to which the equipment or product is allocated. (11) In this section, "court" includes the Circuit Court. Administration and Miscellaneous Provisions

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§ 100Power of Minerals CommissionProvision

The Minerals Commission must exercise its statutory powers and supervise implementation of the Act and regulations under the Minister’s direction, and the Minister must get the Commission’s advice and recommendation before acting under the Act or regulations.

Section 100—Power of Minerals Commission (1) The Commission shall exercise the powers and perform the functions specified under this Act in relation to the Commission and shall under the direction of the Minister generally supervise the proper and effective implementation of the provisions of this Act and Regulations made under this Act. (2) The Minister shall obtain the advice and recommendation of the Commission before exercising a power, discretion or making a determination or agreement pursuant to this Act and Regulations made under this Act. (3) Except as provided under section 82 to 99 in respect of small scale mining, an application for a mineral right and mineral licence shall be submitted to the Commission for processing.

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§ 101Inspectorate of Mines 5Provision

A division called the Inspectorate Division of the Commission is established in the Minerals Commission.

Section 101—Inspectorate Division of the Commission There is established in the Minerals Commission, a division of the Commission to be known as the Inspectorate Division of the Commission.

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§ 102Functions of Inspectorate of MinesProvision

The head of the Inspectorate Division, or an authorized officer, may enter certain reconnaissance, prospecting, or mining areas and premises at reasonable times, but not dwelling houses.

Section 102—Functions of the Inspectorate Division 41 (1) The head of the Inspectorate Division or an officer authorized by the head may at reasonable times enter a reconnaissance, prospecting, or mining area or premises in the area other than a dwelling house

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Legislative relationships

5 referenced instruments

Names are derived from the stored provision headings and citation-enrichment layer. Treat this as a research index and verify each relationship against the source text.

A–F

3 instruments

Administrator of Stool Lands Act
Section 23
Commission referred to in this Act
Section 90
Companies Code
Section 61

G–M

2 instruments

Immigration Act, 2000
Section 99
Minister generally supervise the proper and effective implementation of the provisions of this Act
Section 100

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