The BIHAR REGIONAL AREA DEVLOPMENT AUTHORITY ACT 1974

!P~P61f O ~ uhce !Bu[iatr L9J®gJU©)h1~~ lO.>®~J®~[»Lc»mrut~u r~ ~~ ~!lu@rrnillJ !0\~)19 ti 9)14), or [BIHAR ACT 40 "1982]1 An Act to provide for the Dovelopmeni of various teqions of tne Stm'o of Bihar according to plan end for matters ancillary thereto. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Bihar in- the twenty-eighth year of the Republic of India as follows: CHAPTER i PRELIMINARY 1. Short tit;e and commcncement.-(1) This Act may be called the Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 19111. (2) It shall come into force on such dale and in such areas as the State Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint. Comments and case-law [Comments.-The Bihar Regional Development Authority Ordinance, 1974 (no.175 of 1974) was prornulqated on 19-9-1974. By successive ordinances ii was kept alive and finall; converted into ihe present Ac1 of 1982. The list of Or dinances after 175 of 1974 is as follows: 33 of 1975; 92 of 1975; 126 of 1975; 128 or 1975; 59 of 1976; ·129 of 1976: 187 of 1976; 40 of 1977· 98 of 1977; 162 ot 1977: 207 of 1877; 255 of HJ77: 3.3 of 1978, 98 of 1978; 38 of 1979; 86 of 1979: 113 of 1979; 2 of ·1980; 95 of "1980: 116 of 1980; 10 of 1981; 120 of i981; 191 of 193-1 and Act 40 oi 1982. The Act is not the replica of its predecessor ordinances, rather soma changes in some sections were introduced while converting it into an Act. A significant controversy seems to be there in the assignment of 'year' to this Act. While the heading carries the year '1974: in section 1 (1) year '1981' has been assigned. The text ot this P.c1 (40 of ·1982) was published in the Bihar Gazette .only in HindL However, tho 1 ,ublishing of substantial portion of the Act in English in this Book could be ·ren0~red possible by comparing the text of the Act in Hindi with the text .m Hindi of earlier Ordinances and taking the English text of the Ordinances (the Ordina ces appeared in both English and Hindi) where the two Hindi texts taliied exactly 01 where very minor translation was involved. Tho purpose of ih" Ac! is. to plan the town anti thus to keep industrial ar eas away from the residential or commercial areas. Swastik Rubber Products l.td. 11.. Municipst Corp, stion, AIR 1981 SC 2022. A statute providing remedy of appeal only against some decisions of the Town Planning Officer, cannot be held to be discriminative for that reason 1. Assented to by tt,e !;'resident or. 23-0"1-1982 and published rn Brha; Gazette (ext- 4 ord.) dated 25-1-1982. ,., l Bihar Regional Development Auihority Act, 1974 ~ J Pralmsh Amichend Shah vs. State of Gujrat, AIR 1986 SC 468: ("1986) sec 581. The scope and authority or a precedent should never be expanded unnec essarily beyo ,d the needs of a given situation. ibid. The eitc;ct ot non-performance of G dutv imposed by a statute in the man ner prescrioed by the statute is not discovered by a simple answer to the ques tion wheiher he provision is mandatory or directory. BX. Srinivasan vs. State ot :;arnataka, (HJ87} I sec 658. Where two or more laws operate in the same field each containing a non oostente clause stating that its provisions will override those of any o her law, the conuict has to be decided with reference to tt,e object and purpose or the :aw.cs. Where the newly enacted Act, is made nugatory on account ot the orovi sons of the earlier Act, the newly introduced Act will provaii. Md. Yunus vs. Bibi Phenlcani, 1987 PLJR 65:1986 BBCJ 736. Iho restrictions contained in this Act with rsqard to erection of buildings are mandatory in character. A complete embargo is 'put on the authorities to grant sanction except in accordance with the "Master Plan". Doman Paswan vs. State of 9ihar, 1983 PUR 968. . . . Laws imposing taxes can amount lo restrictions on trade, commerce and hi o: tar-State ;ntercqurse, if their imposition hampers the free flow trade and these are not what cart be termed lo be compensatory taxes or regulatory measure. West BP.ngal Hosiery Association vs. State of Bihar, 1988 PLJR (SC) 96. A proviso should not provide beyond the field covered by the substantive provision. t, the proviso does so, if must be read down. State of Punjab vs. r-<ailash Nmh, {1989) i sec .321. Provisions of Bihar Land Ceiling Ad are also applicable lo agricuaural land, situate within limits of a Municipality or a Notified Are2. CommiHee. Ram Chandra Singh vs. Sub-Divisionn! -Otticer, ·1989 PLJR. ·i 03. Blacltlisting .any person 'ln respect of business ventures has civil conse quence for the future business ot 1he person concerned in any event. Even if the rules do not express. so, it is an elementary principle. o~ natural justice that µ:~rties adversely affected by any order should have the right of being heard and making representation against the order relating to blacklisting, Raghunath Thakw v. .srate of Blher, {1989) 1 sec 229. also see Erusian Equipment end Chemicals Ltd. vs. State of WB., (1975) I 'sec 70. · ?avemen'1 stalls creating conqestion and inconvenience can be removed fol ;owing procedure prescribed by law. Municipal authorities have no !egal obliga tion to pro~ide the pavement squatters alternative shops for their rehabilitation. sec Munic1;oal Corporation of Delhi vs. Gumam Kaur (1989) I ·101. The issuance ot the draft notification proposing to P.;cch2de certain areas from the territorial limits of the Municipal Corporation or Authority cannot eifeci the exclusion of those areas.' The issue. oi final notification to that effect is nec essary te bring abou; their exclusion. Services Housing co-operative Society Ltd. VR. State of Bihar, i99'j ('i) PUR 2i. . If the procedure laid down in the Ad, laying down the mode of giving no tice to the owner or occupier of the building· to [umish certain particulars of the building are not followed by the concerned Au1ho,iiy, ths .suosequent proceedinqs may be held to have become vitiated . Services Housing Co-operative Society • Ltd. vs. Stale of Blhsr, '1990 (2) PLJR 832 (FB) . Sec: 1 ] · · Bir1ar Regional Developrnent Authority Act. 1974 If ·thP.re is a bonafide dispute 'regnrdirig the. tills of tno State Govcmmen, ·any property, the State Government ~not tako an unilateral decision in its o r .. favour that the disputed ,;xoper!y belongs to it. Suah a dispute must be w::fj~1 cated upon by the ordinary course of law. Sm!' Hekhe Singh vs. State of eih . ·1992 (2) PLJR 854. law A _doclar i:on o1 ,is binding on all concerned whether a person ts pa or to that proceec ing or not. Bihar Chamber Testing Stations vs. Steto of Biil 1993 {1) PLJ 164. A legislative Act will not be held to be uli,a vires for want ol' valid expm guidance given in that regard, if there are any inbuilt safeguards therelor in i Act itself. Builders Association ot India vs. State of Bihar, 1992 ("I) PLJR I {~ Practice adopted ;n the past cannot override Zhe statute and staiutory re<.: tations. B.RS.T.E.vs. State of Biner, 1993 (1) PLJR 352. Courts must endeavour to harmonise different provisions of Hie same ,c and where two interpretations arc equally possible, prefer an intcrpretaiion whi 1:~ will leaO: to i1mmonious construction rather than one that will result incense ency o- make , provision. redundant. Mosst. Pomlo vs. Hirata/ IV/ahto, · 982 : PLJP 858. There is urgent need for taking effective steps tor ensuring prevention descretion or damage to monuments of historical and archaeoloqlca' importarc Courts are competent to give directions for shiting industrial units for effeciuati1 this purpose. Surondra Kumar Singh vs. State of Bihar, i 99·1 {2) PLJR ""i·1 iS( Authorities are bound by the procedures laid down by them. Unless !"le pr cedure laid cown is, complied· with the order passed :n violation thoreo: would I subject to judicial review. Rajdeo Pissed vs. State of Bihar, 1990 (2) PLJR 20 A Corporation may be "State" within the meaning of Article 12 of ,he Co stitution being an instrumentality of State, but an agreement entered into I such Corporation cannot be termed as an aqreoment ·by .the State so as to < tract Article 29!) ot the Constitution. Usha Breece Ltd. vs. State or Bihw; 191 (1) PLJ1 183 Auction Purchaser of land or building through open auction bid -csnnot : equated with allortes under Hire Purchase Scheme of the State GovemMer( any Housing Authority. Rajendra Prssed. Singh vs. State, "i 993 (t J PLJR 36i The Act 'las been enacted to provide for the development of various r gions of the State of Bihar. By reason .of the regulatory measures provided the Act and iis Bye-Laws, .the right of an individual to ul~ise his privaiely owrn land in 'any manner he may choose has been ·sornewt~t rsstricted, Uma Sh.va Parivar Trust v:: State of 81har. 1990 (t) PLJR 503. Development Authority may adopt the mode oS draw of lots jor makinq , lotme·1t of plots of land to applicants, where number of applicants is much mo than the available number of plots of land or housing units. Whern such allc ments are mac" from time to time continuously, there is nothinq unfair in 11· Authority asking to· payment at the rate prevailing at the lime or altotrnent, wi option to the .., llottee to accept or decline the offer. ODA vs. PK. Jeir; 19f Supp. (3). sec 494. . A Statutorv Authority has no power to review an order, unless the ;:iower review has been conferred upon i1 expressly or by necessary implicalion. HO\ ever all Statu1o. '·' .,..ribunalsh ave. power or procedural review. Bigna Ram vs. Sta • nf Rih~r "'~% l1' PLJR 502. ,~ ] Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1911 [ Sec. ? Tha Principle of natural justice as a part of procedural law has ocen c1p piied and extended to quasi-judicial proceedings and administrative matters to is ensure that no one adversely affected without reasonable opportunity and fair :,eating. No order can be passed without hearing a person lf it entails civil con sequences, UP. Aw.;,s Eva.m Vikash 03rishad v!:. Gyan Devi, (1995) 2 sec 326. fliialafide.-A plea of malatide must be clearly alleged· and stnctly proved. A- finding of rnalatido cannot be. recorded on vague allegations unsupported by cogent materials. R. B.A.G G.f I.C.S. ltd vs Steto of Biher, 1995 (1) PLJR 164. Legitimate Expcctation.c,-..Fair procedure and just treatment ir, the core. of !r.dian Jurisprudence. The principle ot 'legitimate expectations' applies where a person having no enforceable rights is ynt affected or is likely to be afrncted by order passed by Public Authority, U.P. Awas Evam vikest: Perisned vs. Gyen D,9vt; ("1995) 2 sec 326. Taxing Statutes.-Ta)(ing Statutes are lo be strictly construed. If the subject rnal' er of tax does not fall within the plain language of the taxinq provision, no ax an be imposed. Puri Munfcipa( Council vs. Indian Tobacco Co. l.td., (i996) sec 1 293.J 2. Ud'ini~ions.-ln this Act unless the context otherwise requircs:- (a) 'amenity' includes road, water-supply, street lighting, drainage, sew erage, public works, housing, play-fields, parke, educational; com munity rind recreational facilities and such other convenience as the s;nte Government may, by notification in the official Gazette. sp0cifv 10 be an amenity for the purposes of !his Act; (b) 'Authority' means the Flegionnl Development Authoritv constituted under section 3 of the Act; (c) 'buildinr!' includes any structure or part of a structure which rs in tended to be used for residential. industrial, commercial or other purposes whether in actual use or not, and compound wall or fenc ing thereof; (d) 'bi, lding operation includes erection or re-erection or a building, or anv part thereof, roofing or re-roofing of any part of a· building, or or any open space, any material <literation or enlarqernent of a buudinq, any such alteration 01 a building as rs likely to affect an alteration of its drainages or sanitary arrangements or materially af feet its security, or the construction of a door openinq on any street or lr:nd not belonging to the owner. . r (e) ,, .,.,.· · '·.;\IC"I•• -;.C ~ f1-;011u1 ··, ~ " ~ '1 ~ 1~1 ~ 4'! 4t i <.l~-1..~...1..<..-.:.1;i , <TI' -'-< "'1!<•;1 \-,. f'ffl'~ < .'>I~ fl f' - ICt 01 .ii '1i->1f\"if.tirn ~~·an~ ~w-, 31~~. ~ ~ ·~ ~~ ~~:.;sit- { j ) {('lq, (ii) ~~-q-~ (ii,) <t~l<.I~, (iv) D.6tGct·l (~ ..:~PIT~). ( V) tcc•IS .il1l 3l("{' (?ell$ ~, (VI) fq'l\tf ~ -~ ~:l~ ·fus, .. Sec. 2 ] Bihar Reqional Development Authority Act. 1974 (vii)~ ~~I ~ mrr f:rfl ~ ~ ~ w:r -q' it~ ~ ~Ii ~. ~;u~, f~ -.;ir ~ ~~<h" "1 m r< f . < 1'1 m ~ m ~ 1 ~:rii' · a:i-mli-6f'1f <fi" ajt~ '3«n ~ q;- ~rJ t.clr ~<l:11.st.d<~(U! ~ "<t f.ma;{Uf ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ ~ YiI<'if i° fu ~ ~ .:w.f ·J; -~i'f ·f.f::;r~ c8" l[f,.;p::rriJf aj ~ ~;- ( i) ~ cfil G~ff ii, Tic., t"ll,r1, ~, ~ 1 ~. fc;i_\'11 T~~- cJ>l~/t; H!?.~, ~f ~~~ii-~ V,Fli1Jur <fil ~14~{ ~ ~1;;:rraj •. ,i:l.;i ~~,. :-1-1rr c ii) ~ ~ Tim c;;'l· r..'Vff ii ~1 ~-. -r:? ~ <IT ~- :;-iH~ .( ~J~1A¥i-1) ~ <m~ fm:tITT' r (f) 'Chairman' means the Chairman of the Authority; (g) 'development' with its qramrnaticat variations means the carrying rn or building, engineering, mining or other operations in or over or 11r der land or the mal<ing of any material change in any building c land anr' includes re-dovelopment and layout and subdivision c any land and 'to develop' shall be construed accordingly; · (11) 'Development Area' moans any area declared to be developrnon area undor sub-section('1) of section 8; (i) 'engineering .operations' include the formation or layin!=! out of streo or road or means of access to a road or the laying out of 'T'eam of water-supply, drainage, electricity, gas, transportation and othet public L'lility services; · (j) 'Master Plan' means the plan prepared by the Authority under sec tions 17 and -1 a; (!<) 'Khas Mahal land*' · means land vested in 1he State of B1har; ( 1) ''I.~' w: ·?i ~ ;,m- ~m ~ u m~ ~ ·« m ~ ,_r- ;:1 ~ ~ m er ~ '1~,::\1 ~-!f!. <i, -::mil' 11llTllf w:1· -?i- ~ cffi'.l<l-'lf. ~fi:l("'[ ih (m} 'Local Authority' means any IVlunicipal Corporation, 'i local body constituted under Bihar and Orissa Municipal /,\ct, 1992 (B. g O.Act VII of -1922) or Panchayat established under the "[Blhar Panchavrti Raj Act (Bihar Act \/II of 194-8} or any such local body constituted in any region to which this .Act applies; or (n) 'means of access' includes· any road means. of access. whether private or publice, for vehicles or pedestrians.: (o) 'Regulation' means a regulation made under this Act by the Re gional Development Authority constituted under section 3; (p) 'Rule' means a rule made under this· Act bv Stc1te Government: (q) 'Region' means any area declared as such under sub-sect'on (2) o/· section 1 or suo-eectiorut) of section 8; · (I) Regional Plan' means the plans prepared by the Authorily under section 16, ts) ~ ce-Chamnan' means the Vice-Chairman of the Authority; ZDna' rocans arrt cne -Of the dw.ions in which the Development Area ma, t..:::. .:dad for the purpose of development under this Act: G Bihar Regional Dovelopmont Au!hority Act, 197'1 [ Sec. 3 (u) 'Zonal Development Plan' means the plans prepared t.y the Author ity under section 19; M 'Urban Area' means the standard urban area as defined in the Cen sus Act, 1948 (Act 37 of 1948) Comments ll.: ~c-law [Bui!din9 means a rootsd structure. Mere construcuon of walls docs not consrn:.rte a building. Sewai tat l(ha.nfla v. State. 1930 BLJR 489. T!1G expression "lo erect or re-erect" m relation to any building includes ·a-:e reconstrucuon of lhe whole or any part of the external wails of the b~1ilding. Akin Nandi vs. State, 1964 BLJR 520. Areas included in the "Green Belt" according to Master Plan prepared for the· region ha v go'! to be kept as such ':le treated as vacant lard within the r• • ~aning of. the provisions or section :2(0) (i) Doman Paswan 11. State o: Binsr, ~ £~::! P1-JR 963.] C~iA?T~f3 ~J THE REGIONAL Dt:\/ELOPMENT AUTHORITY ll.NO ITS OBJECT :_:,;, \~t::fJO~ila, O:av;;i!o;p1111tenft foiwRhor1H!JJ.-(1) The SI.ate Govemmer' shall, at' any time attsr U ,. commencement of ihis Act, oy notitication in ihe o1ficia, Ga zotte, constitute ror the purposes of this Ad, an Authority to be cal.ed us :=le· g'or.al Dcvelopm ·1t Aulhority bearing the name o, that Regim~. {2) The Autharily shall be a body corporate by the '1foresz.id nano, shat nave pe1peil.18l succession anti a common sen! with power lo enter inio contract and to accuire, hdd and dispose of propen:y both movable and immovable- and shail by the s.c,id name sue ar.d _be sued. (31 The A.uiho,·ity shall consist of the following members, namely;-- ~ne (a) a Chairman, who shall be the rVJinister of Urban Development Department of ths Staie of Bihar or any person nominated by the Slate Government and his ·:enure shall b~ generally of ~hrea years: (b; \/ir,0 ~hairrnan, ·10 be appointee by the State Government; (c) a planning Member wilO shaH be U1e Chief Town Planner, Bihc.r, or his nominee not below the rank or Assistant ·rcwn Planner (Ex oiticio}: · ( d ) ~Tii~ ·wfu\~l(f i1' ~~~ o!l'R ~if'<X ~4¥ ~ ·x-4~~~ o1i ~r,;r ~ '?~I ! ~ l!fu f.rfu * i ( m ~ ?i ~ 3l1JZ!ey; i:;:--<1, ~ ~- m 3':f~T'«<f "1'1-;-;,rftr ~ 1 ~,:;yr "lf.Tff, "-iT{ ~ ~ GfU ~ ·f.f'~ f'~ ~; (G) two other persons to be nominated by the State Government of whom one shall be a person of administrative or technical experi ence and the other shall be a social scientist: (f) Adrni11istraior/Chiei i=J(ElCutive Officer of fhe rJlunicipal Corporation or Enecuiive Officer/Spoclal Officer ol the fVlunicipality scuated at the Headquarters of tho Reagional Development Authority; (g) Chairman, Bihar State Housing. Board or his nominee who shot.Id not b-1 below the rank of 'Elcecutive Engineer (Ex-officio); r~o· (h) more than three members of the Bihar Leglslature of tho Re gior:ai DevelopmentArea nominated by the State Govemment; • Sec. 3 ] Bilcar Regional Development Authority ~.ct, 1974 (i) Collector or Deputy Development Commissionsr-curn-Chiet E:.1cec• tivs Officer of the district, to be nominated by the State Goiter meat (Ex-officio); 0) Chief Er.gineer, Public Health Engineering Department or his nom nee noi below tho rank of Executive Engineer (Ex-otiicio}; (k) Chief EngineE!r, Public Works Department or his rommee not beloi the rank ot Executive Engineer (Ex-officio); , (I). Secretary, Urban Development Department or his nominee net be 1ow !he ran« of Deputy Secretary (Ex-officio). (4) The Vice Chairman shall be a whole-time Government servant (5) The Vice-Chairman shall be entitled lo receive from the funds of the t'.\L thori1y such salaries and such allowances, if any and governed by such c.,-;ndi tions of service ~s may be determined -by rules made in this 0ehall. (6) Other members specitied in clauses (d}, (e) and (h) of sub-section (3 may be paid from the l'unds of the Authoriiy such allowances, if any; as may b1 fixed by the State Government in this behalf. (7) The Chairman, if he is a person nominated by the Stats Governrnen under clause (a) or sub-section (3) of section 3: and the Vice-Chairman shal hold office during ''h:a pleasure or the Slate Government. (8) Members reterred to under clauses (d), (e) and (f) shall hold office for c term of three years from the date of their nomination to the Auihority:- Provided that such term shall come to an end as soon as the rnernbei ceases to be a member of th::; body from which he was nominated. (9) A member other than an Ex-officio Member may resign f1is officG b~ writing. under his hand addressed to the State Government but shall continue ir o'fice until his resignation is accepted by that Government. (10)_.No act or proceedings of the Authority shall be invalid by reason of 1h<: existence of any vacancy in defect in or the constitution of the l-\uthori1y. Comrnenlls sinci caise-Jaw [The State Government has the choice in the matter of nomination oi Chair man, either to noromata the Minister-in-charge himself or any olher person, orcli harily tor a term of three years, at the time or constituting a Regional Develop . men! .Authority. Once this choice or option has bean exercised, the power under .o: • sub-section {2) (a) section 3 is exhausted and cannot be re-sxerciseo. The Chairman's appointment cannot ·be cancelled by e}cercising the power conferred by section 3 (7). The Chairman cannot be removed from office before the expiry of the term except Linder the provisions of section 5. R.P Raja vs. Si"ai·e of Bihar, 1987 PLJR 275. The doctrine of "pleasure" is merely an empowering one. The exorcise or "ptaasure" under Article 310 of the Constitution can only be made. in the manner indicated in Article 3i 1 ofr<neConstitution and not otherwise. The doctrine of "pleasure" being .a serv.ce concept, the "pleasure" theory cannot apply to a Chairman o1 a rlegional D~lopment Authority. ibid. :-he Chairman of~- egional Development Authority is not an employee . working for. salary. The C airman is a statutory authority created by ihe statute and can in no manner b described as a Government servant or an emp!oyee of • ~n\/&;ill"nn-'lc.:Jn~ Tho rfnrtri .o nf 11nl.o?ic., n-c," ,omhn.rfiorl ;n 1\,-\l'i...-.lc t:,·~ n ,-...f ·~h'"" r> r-v. ...,r-~;:.,. 8 j Bih"'r Re11ional Development Authority Act 1974 f Secs 4-S tion is a serv1 . .__ concept. There is 111Jth1ng rn tne Constitulion provioinq for the extension of t lor.trine of "pleasure•· to non sorvice person ibid. · The Stai ... Legislature has no authority to leg1slaie en the "nleasuro" oi thr-> '3ovemor al a State. Sub-section Cl) of section 3. in so tar as :1 is made appli cable , the case of a Chairman of a Fleg1onal lJevelopmenl Authority ,s ultra vtres. 1: ihe }Owers conferred 'by provisions of section 3 (7) are not controlled by secnon 'i, .hoy will be hif by Article 1L! of the Constitution of India, as confer ring arbitrcry, unguided, uncanalised and unbridled newer on the Slc1te Govern r,;:.,.,nt. 1i1id. · J r. 1Ji;;,cj••.iU.icaa:on for a:opointlr,enl of a member ci lhe Authority. (1) A person shall be disqualified tor boing appointed as and for being 2, member oi •he Authority if hG- {a) has been convicted by a Criminal Court foi offence involving moral turpitude, unless such conviction has been set aside: {b) is en applicant io be·adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or is an unceriificated bankrupt or undischarged insolvent; . (c) has. dlrecttv or indirectly. by himself or by any partner employer or employee any share or interest, any contract or employment with, by Of on beha!f of the Auihority ; (d) iG a directer, or a secretary, or a manager or other salaried officer of a;,y incorporated company which has any share or interest in any contract or employment wltn, oy, or on behalf of. the .A.ui 11oritJ1 : or (e) it, of unsound mind. (2) P. person shall nor be disqualified under clause (c) of sub-section (1) or t:3 deemed to h. •ve any share or interest in any incorporated company which hc:s any snare or interest in any contract or employment wilh by or on behalf of ihe Authority by r•~ason only of his being a shareholder ot such company : Provided· ~h, .. : such person discloses to the Govarnmeni thH nature and e::-::mt or the share hold by him, . ;~. . f-:eJTi0~1.ml of the member.-(1) The Government may. b-.; notihcation, re move any member from office- i, (a) he has. withoui the permission of tne /\ui hority . boon absent fio, n more 'han three consecutive meetings of the Authority, or (bl if he. being a legal practitioner. acts or appears on behalr o; any p,:..-son other than the Authority in any Civil, Criminal or other legal procc~eding in wllich the Authority is interosted, either as ~ 'party or otherwise. or ir ,,., (c) has, in t:,e opinion of Hie Government, contravened the provi siorr of section JO. or (d) if he in Hie opinion of ihe Government. had become physically or memally unable to act as a member : Provided thai when the Government proposes to take action under sub-soc tier: {1) an opportunity of explanation shall be given to the member concerned, and no such action shall be taken exc.. ept after· taking into consideration his ex- • .tl~u·,~tir,n ir .-. ..... , ........ ...J .... r-4 - •• · ,. -Sec. 6 ] 3ihai- Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 (2) 1-, member removed under the foregoing provision sh:.ill not he eligihk.i fc re-election or re-: nomination Comments 8: case-law [The State C:: vemrnent has \he choice in the matter of nominaticn of Chair man. either to nominate the Minister-in-charge himself or any other: person, ordi narily for a term of three years, at the time of constituting a Regional Develop ment Authority. Onr.e thls choice or option has-been exercised, the power unoo sub-section (2) {a) of section 3 is exhausted and cannot be re-exercised. Thi Chairman's appoin rnent cannot be cancelled by exercising the power ccnrerrer by section 3(7). The Chairman cannot be removed from office before the eJ(i)i'"'. of ihe 1crm except under the provisions of section 5. R. P Raja vs. Staie o Biher, 1987 PL.JR. 275. The doctrine )f · pleasure" 1s merely an empowering one. The exercise of "Pleasure" under Article 310 of the Constitution can only be made- in the mannei indicated 1n Article 311 of the Constitution and not otherwise. The doctrine ol "Pleasure" being a service concept, the "pleasure'. theory cannot apply to a Chairman of a Regional Development Authority. ibid.] ., ....!.-- G. Staff of the Authority.-(1) The Authority shal! have a Secretary, 10 bP appointed by the State Government; who shall exercise such powers and per form such duties as may be prescribed by regulcJtions or delegated· to them by the Authority, or the Chairman. (2) The Authority may, subject to such control and restriction as may be prescribed by rules approved by Government appoint such number of other ofi'ic ers and employees {including experts for technical work such as Economic Plan ner. Transportation Planner, Health and Education Planner, Data Information Sys tem Planner) as may. be necessary for the efficient performance ot its functions and may determine their designation and grades., (3) The Secretary, and other officers and employees of the Authority si1all be entitled to receive from the runds of the Authority such salaries and such al lowances if any, and shall be go'lerned by such conditions of service as m~ be determined by regulations : · Prov1ded that appointments to posts with minimum salary of HS. 500 shall be made on the advice of the Bihar Public Service Commission. The Authoritv may appoint a person on any post carrying salary above Rs. 500 after approval of tho State Government and the total period of such appointment shall in :10 case exceed six months. (4) The Authonty may appoint a consultant on hire to assist in pli,nning and other tasks, provided that in case a consultation fee exceeds rupees five thou sand tor a consultant prior approval of State Government shall be necessary. Comments ll-t case-law · [Where the statutory rules lay -down the requirement of approval of Public Service Commission, it is necessary to follow it. The State Government can cli rect to terminate (u/s 65) the contract of service where the appointment was made in violation of the above requirement, The High Court will not interfere in such a case. Parbhat Kumar Mukherjee v State of Bihar, 1969 PLJR 56 (SC). Section 6 (3) of the Act only empowers tho Authority to .appoint the Sacre- '1 0 J Bih; t Regional Development Authority Act, 1974. ( Secs. 7-10 "SO is onli a breathi!lg elbow power given to the Authority to make temporary r.1,::r90:nlment so that the work of the Development Authority qoes on pending re cruiitnent Santosh Kumsr Verma vs. Slate of 81har, 1997 (2) PLJR, 9,(SC) 7. :.1.~(~.:.,iii,gs of il11;1 &uthoi-i1y.-(1) The Authority shall meet 3! least she tin~ :n each calender year and there shc.11 not be a gap of more than sildy c!av~, IJ:·:•:.,r,30n two consecutive meennqs. ,2,. Tha conduct oi' the meetings, quorum, service or notices, aqenoa. atc., ::-,;,-,j1 b-::i as prescrosd by regulations . . S::·.i.::,Mfa~·m·(enico f Regional and De:v~lopment area and ~a:er.!.tion of '.}u:.a~· Ri,,.-irk;.--(1} The State Government may, by notitication in tho officid G.,. Z.Si'.•a, r.?.s!2.b:is:1 areas tor the purposes ol this Act by defining their li'""1its. to be tr;·;,-.r;n as ~i) Region and (ii) Development Arna, tor which the Authority :,,hall r,rGf\';!1-.z a Master plan and carry out development works therein : ProvicfrxJ that no Military Cantonment or any pan o; its area required for mi!r~ry or defence purposes sh::ill be included in such areas without 1he sanction d ii 1G Cent.al Government. (2} The State Government may, by notification in· the official Gazette, altei: •i)e !:r.;Hs o1 the Region and the Development Area. so as to include therein or io o~c:(,i::b therefrom such area as may be specified in the notification {3} .~. 131,.-::, showing the boundary of the Region and the Development Area .;:.,; <f!SWblished under thls section shal' be available for inspection in office of ihc !~ti/hority, oi'Hce of the Collector and Local Authorities concerned. (•'>) I; for purpose o~ decentralisation and fac:lity ot work the Siate Govem (jl(:,;·.: sets Ly a new !=legional Development Authority, whose notitied area, whol'.y c. ::-sir:ry, overla::is that of an eidsting Regional Development Authority, the 1awly sC:i-l up t-.•.1tho,ily may function, with the dictates, referred for approval or the c,~stng P.1.1thority, so far as it concerns the arsa overlapping. ·~. U::::·&l:::ili~tri.cm-1 of Counmii~eas.-(1) Ihe Authority may constitute Com n,;riG·'=' consisting wholly of members or wholly ot other persor.s or pan!y of ff,.:,mrJ:icrs and pmily of other persons ior such purpose o~ purposes as it ,-.-iav rn. thinl: (2) .~. Commiiiee constituted under this section shall meet ,i~ such time and ri2ic:; <:1ncl .c;i12r; observe sucn rules or procedure in regard to the transaction of til.!::.i;-,e;>:'.'::; :)l rs meetings es may bo determined by regulations made in 'his betiaif. P) .'", Commitiee constituted under this section, shall have such duties, re- • spon:.,iiJilities and· powers as way be prescribed by the Authority and c:11 lls rec .::wmne11~;c1~ions and acts shall be subject to final confirmation by the /\uthority. (4) The members of a Committee shall be naid such fees and allowances "or 3rioncling its meetings and for atlenciing to any other work oi' the Aethority, :::s. r,~c:iy bo detorrnincd by regulations made in this behalf. ·Jf1, ~tfir,,Mf:•~l'S i,ll .ihe Aufthority not to iakf} par? in prroceed:ings in. which :11,.;:r "'L·. [•or:::-G111@111i niav-~:.:.,etl.-(1) A member or person associated with tho ''.'JibJri:~, er a member of any Committee who- (a) has direc11y or indirectly, by himself or any -partner, employer or employee. any such share or in\erest in respect of any matter; or (b} has, 2cied professionally, in relation to z.ny matter, on behalt of .per- · son havina U1P.rnin ::m11 c:11rh ch,,·~ ~- :-•-··--· - , · · Secs. 11-12 J Bihar Regional ~evolopment Authority Acl 4 Q f "J1 shall not vote or taks part in any proceeding of tho Authority or any commstec relating to such matter. (2) If any member or any person associated with the Authority or any mem ber of a Committee appointed under section 9 has, directly or ir~directly. any benoiicial interest in any land situated in an area comprised in any ho•Jsing or development scheme framed under this Act or in an area in which it is pronosed to acquire land fo, any of the purposes of this Act- {i) he shall at a meeting relating to such area of the Authority or ariir Committee inform the person presiding, of the nature of such i'lter est whicr. shall be. recorded in the minutes of the mee"linfJ, (ii) he shall not take part in any proceeding relatinf; lo such area at a meeting of :he Authority or any Committee. (3) Nothing 'r sub-section (2) shall prevent any member or any person assc ciatcd with the AU:hority or any member of a Committee appointed. under section 9 ·:rom voting on, or taking part in the discussion of. any resolution or ouestion relating to any subject other than a subject referred to in that sub-section. 11l. Objects o1 ihe Authmilrlf.-The objects of the Authority shall be to pro mote and secure planned 'development of Region in general and Developrrent Area in particular and for that purpose the Authority shall have. lhe power ~P acquire, hoid, manage and dispose of land and other property, to ram; cct build ing, engineering, industrlal, agricultural and other operations, "o execute worlts fn connection with transportation, supply of water and eieciricity, disposal oj sew age, drainage, and other services and amenities and generally to do 3illfih:ng necessary or expedient for purposes of such development and for purposes in cidental thereto and the Authority shall be the principal agency to provide ;,.II infrastructure for t11c development of the aforesaid areas : Provided that save as specifically provided in this Ac1 nothing contained or therein shall be construed as authorising the disregard by the Au!horily any law ·for the time being in force. m CHAIPTIER RESPONSIBILITIES, POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AUTHORITY 12. Rsspo01slbili"ly o~ ihe ::t,.uthoviiy forr plarrmfrllg ~ll1ld emacn..l~Oolio ii.vii' schemes reiaftirog to ihe IOevellipmeill1t airnas.-(1) Subject to the provisions o~ . this. Act, the Authority shall be responsible for formulation, co-ordination and supervision of the execution of" au· planning .and works relating lo the develop ment of area or part thereof and more specifically for- (a) land acquisition and development of land; (b) general improvement .works including laying and relaying or· modliy- ing the streets. roads and drainage, disposal of -sewage; (c) plot reconstitution schemes: (d) Housing Schemes including sub-urban and rural housing; (e) Slum Clearance and S!urn lmprovemenl Schemes: (f) Transportation schemes including riverine transport; (g) schemes for supplying essential services lilte water, cooking gas, electncity, etc; (h) schemes for provision of community facilities like retail anal whole sale trade, hospitals educational and cultural institutions, recrea- -·-··---··-....!- ~~·~'~- -·-· .·.:- ~-- • 1: __ :1:1.: __ i 2] Bihm Rogionai Doveloprncnt Authority Act, 197a "1 (i) anti polfution schemes: (i) afforestation. gardening or any other schemes for improvement of the environmental conditions; ,;,1 scheme, for industrial business and ot'ier commercial de, 1\/ILlf-is (2 Sul . ect to the provisions oi this Acl the Authority mc;_y fror t'rrn; lo time incur expenditure and undertake development works mentioned in sub-sec tiun (1) in the development area. (3) SubjGct to H1e provisions of this Act, ihe .'\uihnrity ~hall b,3 respcnsible for the preparation of a phased programme of developrnent of agriculture, infra structurcsano other works essential for lhe gent1ral socio-economic nnd physical jevelopmen! of rura] and urban 'areas. {L:) In particular and without prejudice lo the grn,:,;-aiity of the loregoi11g iunctions, the Authority shall also dlscharqe the iollowing functions, namely ·- (a)~ ;;.':fup;qiy ~ ~ ~ 3lftl~ ~ ~ ~ 3mA m ·~ f.l'fu ~ -~w.ic nm·«~~ ~ ;:i.jh_- 'fclosf{.f.;;, ~I\Jl•·acl ,:;{-io,>,I ~ mttf ~ .a.a"h ·~f-1~<::;- ·;tj-\'"~ % ~ ~ f.i;,i\cf #,, ~cl 6~ ~ c:.~ ~,,; (b) to sper;!fy the development projects for the implementation of which any 1und i"eferred to in clause (a) of this sub-section shnll, subject to such conditions and rostrlctions as the Authority may rrnposo, · be applied by any Municipal or other autnoritv or body corporate : (o) to provide for the seiting up of planning information and storaqe retrieval ,:-.ystemsw hich May be upto-dated frequently (d) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the State Government. (5) The Au..iority muy, Qi'; such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon, take over, the execution of any of the aforesaid schemes on behalf ot a !ocal Authority, body corporate, co-operative society, an employer or a IJepart er ment the Gov rnrnont. Comments & case-law [Section 12 r/w Articles 243W, 24~ZD and 243ZE and Twelfth Schedule of Constitution o, India-collapse of habjtat planning-urban planning with people's p3.rlicipation is oart or Hie democracy envisioned in the Constitution -oevelop mont authorities in Bihar have cleverly kopt the mandate of the Constitution awav 'from therr- -slected representatives have been kept at bay from develop meni auihorities- this is bad legal architecture to retain power which rs man dGie{) lo self govArning institutions- Constitution speaks of spatial planning, not construction=-spaust planning refers to space allocation .tho planriing of ii and resorving these ;:.J2.ces for conforming use of land- violation of these spaces is an illogality which is incurable-phenomenon of compounding' has been com of pleicly misunderstood-> Court proposing the setting up a committee, corn plefe!y independent and composed of. protossionals whose job will be to plan habitat. R. Usha vs. State of Bitter, 2002(2) PLJR, 301J . ,:-::. f'.'!'.t".J,:-,c;,y may give dii'ection to the oca' Awfr1oi'ilies.-(I) Notwith ;;ti.li1Cl:nr aoy frw,g contained in any other law for ths time being in force, the Au ihoti1V •nay give such directions with regard to the impiementation ot any devel- c.nme:,,.-,, hl"ni,""rl-t "",'... ,,, ~---· .. .,,1. .. : ..... 1. r:L • .. · Secs. 14-15 ] Bihm Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 (2) The Au1honly shall so exercise tho powers of supervision referred 10 sub-section (1) of section 12 as may be necessary to ensure that sucn dev1 opment project is executed in-the interest of the overall devolopmen' of rl area and in accordance wilh "!he approved plan. 14. ?ower of the Authority to implement schemes of other ai1f'f.10r;:lee body corporate and a Department oi Government in case of their fnih.1,::; I implement s.::nem"J.-(1) 'where the Authority is satisfied that any directk given by it under sub-section (1) of section 13 with rogard to any dsvelopme project has no1 bee·i carried out by tho local nuthority, body corporate and olhi agencies referred lo therein or that an}' such loc. authority, body corporate < departmeni of Government is unable to fully implornc~1l any scheme undertake by it for the development of anv part 01 ihe area, lhe Authority may itsell ur:de take any works and incur any expenditure for 1ile execution ol such developrner project or implementation of such scheme, as the case may be, anc recover th cost thereof from the local authority, body corporate or any other agencies. (2) The Authority may also undertake 2.ny works as may be directed by ih State Government and may incur such expenditure as may be necessary tc the execution of such work. (3) Where anv work is undertaken by the Authoritv under sub-section (,), shall be deemed to have, for the purposes of the execution of such work. all th1 powers which may be exercised under any law for the. time being in :ort;e b: the Authority referred to m sub-section ('1) of section 13. (4) The Authonty may, for the purposes of performing tile functions men tioned in section 12 and for carrying out the rnsponsihilities conferred by sub sections (1) ano (2). undertake survey of any area within the development arec or tho Region and for that purpose it shali bo lawful for any officer of ·i:.o Au· thority (a) to enter in or upon any land to make survey and to take leV9i of such land; (b) to dig or bore into the sub-soil; (c) to murk levels and boundares by placing marks and cutting trenc. hes; (d) where the survey cannot be completed, levels cannot be taken and boundaries cannot be marked otherwise. to cut down and clear away any part of any standing crop, fence or jungle : (e) to oxarmne works under construction and to ascertain ihe course Of severs. drains or other Utilities : Provided that before entering-upon any land the Authority shall give notice ot its intention to io so in such manner as may he specified in the regu!alions made under· this Act. -1s. Matters .o be. prov.c'ed in the Scherr'.e.-Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force .. the schemes mentioned in sub-section (1) of section ·12 may provide ior all or any of the following mat ters, namely: (a) the acquisition by purchase. exchange. lease or otherwise o1 any property necessary for or affected by the execution 01 the scheme ; (b) the laying or relaying of any streets or roads cornprised in the Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 [ Sec 16 (c; tlie distrioudon or redistribution of sites belorigrng to owners of the "iroperty comprised in the scheme .• (d) 1 ~1e closure or demolition of dwellings or portions ot dwelling 01 any •pe Q'; construction including drains, supply mains. Arc l,Tlfit or angerous for human habitation , and (e) tho demolition of obstructive buildings or for portions of buildings or streets or any iype of construction. CM.O.PTIER 1V NEGION.L~L PLAN. MASTER PU-\N ANO ZOI\JAL DEVELOPMEN-:- Pl Ai\. i!f;. [>)lr<=l})ara~ioril oV if11® J=legional Plcnn.- The Authority shall as soon as ue.y be, carry out Regional Socio-Economic and Geographical Surveys anc pre p2r0 a Regional Plan which shall indicate ·:he manner in which tno land of the reg:on sii::11! be used in broad categories, whether by carrying 'out thereon devel opmeni or otherwise, the staqes by which any such development is .o be car- 1·b:! ou1, the natwqrk of communications and transport, the proposals for censer v21ii:m znD: development of natural resources, development of intrastructure for the hoalil,, sducatlcn, TU.-al housing, etc and such other matters as are likely to havo irr,partant influence on ,he development at the region, and any such plan '1n p31r,icular, tTl6\Y provide ror all or any of the following matters, or for such of the fol!owing matters as the State Government may direct, that is to say :- (a) allocation of land for different uses, general dislribution and general locations of land, and the extent to which the land may be used tor residential, industrial, commercial or agricultural purposes O" for, Governmen1 and other offices or as forest or for mineral exptoita tion; {b) reservation of areas for open spaces, gardens. recreation grounds, zoological gardens, nature reserves, animal sanctuaries, dairies, compost pits and health resorts ; (c) transport and communications, such as roads, highways, railways, waterways, canals and airports including their developrnont and ex tension ; (a') water supply, drainage, sewerage, sewage disposal and. other public utilities, amenities, and services including electricity and gas ;. (e) intrastructure for health, education, rural housing, ale; (f) reservation of site, for nGW towns, industrial estates/areas and any other large-scale development or project which is required to be undertaken for 1he proper development of the region or new town; (g) preservation, conservation and development of areas ct natural· scenery, forest wild life, natural resources and landscaping; (h) preservation of objects, features, structure or places. of historical, natural, architectural or scientific interest and educational value; {i) areas required for 'military and de'fence purposes ; (j) oressrvation of erosion, provision of-afforestation or detorestation, im provemer11 and re-development for water front areas, rivers and lakes: (1,) proposals for irrigation, water-supply and hydro-electric works, f!opd control and prevention of pollution of river and other sources ot 1nr::ill'>r ;::11nnh1· Secs. 17-18 J Bihar Regional Development Authority Aci,·1974 (I) shilling of population, or industry tram over populated anci indt congested areas, and indicating the density of population or co icentration of industry and other economic ac1ivily 'lo be alto in 2 riy area; (m) recommendations to the State Government regarding the direci1 to be issued to the local authorities in the rngion and differeni par ments or the State and Central Government in respect oi "iorcement and implementation of U1e proposals contained in 1he .gional Plan. H. Civil SUi'\lelJ ~ncJ ii\flasier Plan.-(1) Simultaneously with ihe prep< lion or the Regio'lal plan or as soon as may be thereafter ihe Auttioriiy st carry out, socio-economic and physical survey of· and prepare a draft maste~t-: for the developmcnl area within the basic framework of the Regional Plan. (2) Master Plan· for the entire areas or part thereof already approved ii notified by .the State Government under lhe provisions of the Bihar Town Pl1 ning and Improvement Trust Act,"195"1 (Bihar Act V of 195i) before '!he co mencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been prepared by lhe Aui:ho and sanctioned rJ\f the State Government under the relevant provisions oi' t Act, till such time as the Authority modifies the Master Plan or prepares a frio Master Plan. (3) The draft master plan shall - (a) define the various zones into which the development area is ·10 1 divided for the purposes of development and indicate lhe manna, which the land in each zone is proposed to be· used (wheqher I the carrying out thereon of development or otherwise) ·and ii stages by which any such development shall be carried out, an (b) serve as a basic pattern of framework within which·ihe zonal d 'veloprnent plans Qf the various zones are to be prepared. CommeilliS & case-i.llW [Vice -Chairrnan of PROA directing petitioners to remove ·installed f2,c101 building etc. from the site located in Panta City area as ii had been constructs in contravention of provisions of sections 23 and 36. As per section 17 (2), m 'Masfor Plan' of the entire area or part thereof already approved and norifievl ~ the State Government under the Public Improvement Trust Act prior to th9 enac ment of the BRDA Act, is to be deemed lo have been prepared uncer th BRDA Act. Although as per the provisions of· section 24, the Authorities ar required to revise or alter the Master plan on e:<piry of every iive years, mere! because there 1-ias been no alteration or revision of the Master plan, it cannot b held that the provisions of the BRDA Act have been rendered redurda.nt Rar Krishna Goenka vs. PR.D.A. i996 (1) PL.JR, 445.] 18. Confte111!:s o(" Masiorr IPHan.-The draft master plan shall generally i1 dicale the manner in which the. use of land in the development areas shall be regulated, and also indicate the manner in which the development of lane therein shall' be carried out In particular, it shall provide so far as may be nece ssary for all or any of the following matters, that-is to say __: (a) proposals for fixing the use of land ·tor purposes such as rnsialen, tial, industrial, commercial, agricultural, recreational and other uses Bihar Ragional Development Authority Aci, 1974 f Soc ·i g (b) proposal for the fixation ot land for pubhc purposeu, sue» <1s schools, collages, and other educational institutions, markets. so cial, welf::\re and cultural institutions, theatres and places or puhlic enteriainr ,,eni 01 public assembly, museums. art galleries, religious buildings anc other amenities, (c) proposals /o; desiqnatlon of areas for open spaces, play ground1.,, stadium, Zoological qardcna, green belts, nature reserves. sancu. .arit1s and dairies; (ci) transport and communications such as roads, highways. p,:rl< ways, railway, waterways, canals and airport including their extension and development; (9) water-supply, drainage, sweraqe, sewage disposal. other public l!l!li· tics, amenities and services including electricity and gas; (fJ preservation. conservation and deve!opmeni of areas oi natural, scenery and landscape· (g) preservation of features. structures or places of nisrorical, natural, architectural and scientific interest and educational value; {h) proposals for flood control and prevention of river pollution; (i) the filling up or reclamation of low lying, swampy or unheallhy areas or levelling up ol' lands; (j) proposals lor re. . development and improvement of existing built up areas;

(le) proposals for planning standards and zoning regulations ior different ZOilP.S. 19. t·"l'C!f1,:i·11. :ion of Zone.I Develo,ome:n'' Plan.-{1) Simultaneously with tile ;XGparai ion of the Master plan or as soon thereafter .as may be, the Authority sha!! proceed wi'.h the preparation of Zonal Development Plan for each of thA zones mto which the development meas may be divided, (2) A Zonal Development Plan may - (a) contain a site plan and land use plan for !he development ot ihe zone and show the approximate locations and extents of land uses proposed in the zones for such 1 hings a public building and other public works and utilities. roads, housina, recreation, industry, business, markets, schools, hospitals pub lic and private open space and other categories of publir.: and private uses: (b) specify the standards of population. density and building density and other norms if required; (c) show every area in the zone which may, in the opinion of !he Authority, co required for development or re-development ; arid (di in particular, contain provisions regarding a!I or any of the following matters, namely : - (i) t:1e division of any sits into plots for the erection of buildinqs: (ii) tho allotment or reservation of lands or roads, open spaces. gar dens, recreation grounds. schools. markets and other public pur poses; (iii) the development of any area into a township or colony and the re strictions and conditions subject to which such development may r · Secs. 20-22 ] Bihar Regional Development Anthority Act, 197" 1; (iv) the erection of bdldings on any site and '!he restrictions ,nd wnd1 tions in ··ega~d to the open spaces to be rn, 1in1ained in or c. our« buildings and height and character of buildinqs, (v) the alignmant 91 buildings on any site , (vO the architectural teaturss of the elevation or frontago of 21nv bui.d Ing to be srocted on any site ; (vii) the number of residential buildings which may be erected on cii1) piot or slts: (viii) 'lhe amenities to be provided in relation to any site or buiidings c-, such site whether before or after the creation of building and 'ih, person or ir.stitutio:i by whom or at whose expenco such ameni!ie: are to be provided ; (ix) the prohibitions or restrictions regarding erection of shops work shops, warehouses or factories or buildings designed for particula purposes in the locality ; (le) the maintenance of walls, fences, hedges or an}' other structura constructions and .the height at w:1ich they shall be maintained · {}d) the resjrictions regarding the use of any site for purposes othe thar- erection of building ; and ()cii) any other matter which is necessary for the proper development a the zone or any area thereof according to plan and for preventinc buildings being erected hap~azardly in such zone or area . . 20. Su[cimtssior, ot' plan to the S~ate Govemme111i for apprrovr.:il.-(i) Ir this. Chapter tho word "Plan", includes the Regional Plan, the Master P:ao1 anc the Zonal Development Plan. (2) Ever)' plan shall, as soon as may be after its preparation be submiUt:e by the Authority to ~he State Government for approval arid tho Stale Govem ment may ei~:,e, approve the plari without modifications or with such modi ica, tions as ii may consider necessary, · or· reject the plan, with directions to lhE be Authority to prepare a fr~sh plan on lines wbich may indicated . . ?1. Prrocsd!i.U".: to be followed in pre1Paring and :iippro,,ing the') [.Ol.?J11.-(·1; Before preparing any 'pian finally and· submitting ii to the .State Government fo: approval the Authority shall prepare a draft Plan and publish ii by making a copy thP.reof available for inspection, and publishing a notice in such form and man ner as may be prescribed by rules made in this behal' inviting objections anc suggqstions from any person with respect to the draft plan before such date a~ may be specified in the notice, not. being earlier than tour months fro1, fie pub lication of the notice. (2) The author'ty shall after giv.ing adequate opportunity to the concernsc persons of being • ieard and after considering the suggestions, objections and representations, ii any, modify tho draft plan. if necessary, and submit it to Jn" · State Government for approval. · 22. Puhlicaiion oU Pf.~n :iind date o1 its operntion.-lmmediately ofter ihf? Regional Plan is approved b)! the State Government, the Slate Government sha] publish in such manner as may be prescribed by rules, a notice stating that the Regional Plan has been approved, and naming a· place where a copy ot the n,."'' ,.......," h.P 'f'\!".OP.cted at al! reasonable hours, and shail specify hereir a date Rillar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 [ Sec ?3 {not being ocrlier than 3bcty days from the date of the publicallon of such notice) on which the Regional Plan shell come into operation. ::_:::". f-':r-,,sMci:io11 on cl":,afga of' use of- l~nd or clevi::lopm0ni thereof. -(1) No person shall on or after the publicaiion of a draft Plan instituie, ·or charge the US'."! of any land covered b;1 the Plan io · qny purpose other than agriculture, or carry out any development in respect of any such land wi:hou! the previous per. mission in writing of the authority. (2) Notwithslanding anything contained in any law for the tim~ bP.ing 111 force, the permission referred lo in suo-sectlon (t) shall !'10! be granted 0111ervv1sE: !hz.n in conformity with the provisions of the Plan. Commen'm & cas..:-1.mw [Reservation for persons whose land was acquired by, the authorities ror constructions of !he houses, being allotted 10· applicants by the Authority, ap pears to 'be. based on sound principles. I L. Dhingra vs. State of U. P., (1987) 2 sec 533. Sub-sectiofl (2) or section 23 provides for non-obstente ck-:-.use, as a result whereor notwithstanding anything contained in any law for ~he time being in force, any permission tor use ot any land in terms of sub-section (1) thereof .cannot be granted otherwise than in conlirmity with the provisions. o;' tho Master Pian. Doman Paswan vs. §tate of Bihar, ·; 988 PLJR 968. The Draft Nlaster Piao in respect of Patna which siill survives can only be alierec' or amended in accordance with ih0. orovisions of section 2·4 of the Bihar Regional Development Authority Act. The- schemes framed under the .Bihar Town Pl;.:;nning and Improvement Trust Act should be deemed to have been framed under :he tl. R: D. Act 1974. The areas. shown in the Master Plan as "Green Beii" area cannot bo utilizeo for other purposes. ibid. P1 person going to be affected by order of removal· of encroachr-ient must be asked to oroouco his .;ight, title and interest over trie area, which should be measured by the Governmeni "Amin" and areas not covered by the documents produced by the alleged encroacher alone should be cleared of thfl encroach ment A'ifec(bd party may also have his own "Amin". This procedure-is applica ;:>le in cases ot roadside encroacnrnents and not for deciding inter-se disputes . bern1eon ·:wo private claimants. Kelem vs. State of Biha,~ 1989 PLJ8 264. 1a'lsmtr,,r Pl.!!n.-Development Authority sliould not seek to charge user of land. from "C~y forest" or "Green area" in the Master Plan· and tum it into resi dential" or commercial area. Supreme Court directing Development Authority in 1he interest oi environment control to maintain the area in -quostion as Chy for est area as shown in Master Plan. M. L Sud vs. Union of India, 1992 Supp (2) sec 123. , Once the Draft Master Plan has been published, the provisions of section 23· r:ct onlv provide restrictions oh the right of concerned land-holders about user ::il' land but also puts restrictions on the power of the Development Authority it seh to sanction a building plan which is not in conformity with the Draft Master Plan. No land can be permitted to. be used for purpose other than that shown in the Master Plan. Srikrishnapuri Boring Road Vy.apari Sangh vs. State of Bihar, "1995 fl~ P .J:=l 413. na..,. ..... ,,:.in~ ----i\loticc to tenants. in possession not given.-\vhere the ~- .... u, · ' • i: - -•:fl,....,tinn nf ih~ Sec. 24 ] Bihar Regional Development Autho;ity Act, 1974 Town Planning Scheme in the official Ga«:ette. 'such persons wiil be enti fed re being provided with Suitable accommodation on rent i, suitable locality consid ering the nature their requirement both residential ·an-.. fo, , usiness purposes Mansukh/a! Jac/avji vs. Ahm_edabacl Municipal Cotporatkn, A1R. 1982 SC 152. De\leloroment Au~horHv.-Arbitrary enhancement of costs of housing al time of delivery of housing unit to the Allqttee by the Development .Autho,ity is open to inlcrference by Courts.-. The Development Authority is obliged to e;cplain the reasons !or'disproportionatc enhancement of cost at the limo of deiivc,)l tc the court. However, where the explanation by the Authorily for tho enhancement of cost is tounc to be reasonable, the Supreme Gour -may refuse to interfere, Indore Dove/opment Authority vs. Smt. Sadhna Agrawal, ·1995 (1) All PU·I. (SCj sec iOS . (-1995) 3 1. P21auing !PIOCG fo, vehic!es.--A Mwnicipal Authority is under· no obiiga,ion to provide :and for being useodr as parv..ing place. Courts car ai the most direct Authority to consider need persons seeking a parking place in a part.cutar a. area. Corporation of the City of Bang/ore vs. Fuel Lorry Owner /Vierch,:mts As- sociation, AIR 1994 SC 487. · I-lousing .an~ .tmprovement Scher.1es.-"Approval" and "Permission". Ordi nariiy the difference between the expressions "approval and "permission" is U,a1 in the former case the action taken in anticipation of "approval" holds good until it is "disapproved". wh:fe in ihe latter case it does not become effective unH: ih'.3 "permlsslon is obtained' from the concerned Government. However, perrrussion subsequently granted may vahdate the previous action. U. P Avas am i/ik,w sec Parisad vs. Friends Co-oporatlve Housing Society Ltd. (1995) Suppi.. (3) 456.] .. 24. '<'l)"'~"'I~- m "3'fR;wif•riilf ~ ~~-( 1 ) ~R: ~1· ~ 'lF<ifii~; i f 3-TR' o m ~ · ~ 'fl1c; ~ ~ ~ "f~ <ff ·grf:;.rc:m- ~ ~ ~· ~ m ~-~ffiJf 3ticq>~ .ill. Tit;;q-~""R m~cm- ~ ·n.:i- ~ <ll·wll <iSI' a.q~-il~o, ~ ~, ~f~ (.rm~ ·q ~-H ~ ~ ~7floir ~!, aj ~ ~ Mf1l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~"1"ff ~; ~'U;;-R'<li tr(~~ ~;Tli ~ f-im' ~ ~- oliT ~;,;rm,~ afR" ~ffl ~ ~f:!W ~ "'II·~ ~t· -wr~; ( 2 ) 3~~ ~ ~- "Ql~[ ~ ~ ~~ iR' "Zfk--ff m ~~ji?;.;J ~t.1" %1~ ';fr~~ 'ffl' onl <:1tf.i"il Tlfct~)e,;=i ~ ~, Comrnsnts llt case-law o, [In view of section 30 of the Bihar Housing Board. Act. 1982 lhe decision the State Government is to be regarded as final in regard to any dispute relating to the Master Plan of , 952. Section 24 gives the authority under the Act ,h~ right to alter the plan ror any area. Srnt. Krishna S.ingh vs. State of Biha1; 1985 PLJR (NOC) 37. · · A total stranger cannot be pormitted to challenge the layout of 2 Co-cpo.a tive Housing Society, ibid. Validity of allotment of land to 'Co-operative Housing Society canno, be assailed again bcrore the High· Court when the High Courl has already L!ph,3lcl . the allotment of that land to the Society in an earlier judgment. ibtd. In view of the provisions in section .17. the Master Plan tor Patna is still operational. The Supreme Court, therefore, set aside the order o1 the Pa!na High 2 01 Bihar !=iogionnl Development Authoriiy Act, 1974L Secs 25-2u · · Court .3flCl remanded back the matter wtlh certain directions, Smt Krishna. Singh LJR vs. Sfaio of B1ha1; 98b 0 (SC) 8 S•ip,·,;,u;:.i Gi:.ui'i's direction siftiar r·~m.and.---disput€d question of fact-in or der io gei the physical situation clarified, the High Court gave di:·ections fo; con stitwing a committee of technical experts as per iis directions, ind for tho im plemoatatlon or the recommendations of this committee hy the P. R D A Smt. :Cd;;f;na 8ingh vs. Stale of Bihar, 1986 PLJR i 063. M2st'er Plan for Patna is operational and has noi lost its force after the ei'.piry of tho period filwd by the Government. Section 17 provides that the Master Plan would be deemed to bo in :-,>:istence till another Mnster Plan fs pre pared or the present one is altered or modified. ibid. Procedures for the formulation of a Mastm Pla11 ar.d its subsequent attera t'on and amendments have been laid down in sections 17 to ?4. Any maps not a:::,pearin9 to be! prepared in accordance wilf1 law cannot be described as amen ded form of Mnster Plan or an arnondrnont to the Master Ptan. ibio'.] ~& Da:t·~ or cporatlon o·? MastGr and Zonal Da'l:lelol')m-antl ?lan.-Jrn;nooi atoly nfier "l Master/Zona, Development Plan has been finalised, the Authority sha!I puolis, rt in such manner as may be prescribed by regulations slating therein the date of ns coming into operation. CHAPlrEH "'JI ACQUISITION Al'.JD DISPOSAL OF LAND. 2C. Gomp,,i!so,11 acquisition ot lano1.-(1) It in the opinioon, of \he State Government any land .is required tor carrying out ,ar.ir function the Authority under this Act it shall be deemed to be required for a "public purpose" and the State Govern-ncnt may acquire such land for ihe authority in accordance with any iaw for tho time being in force. . · (2) Any land either bqlonging to the State Government or which has been acquired by the State Government for the Authority may be handed over to the atr/hority by he State Government by notitication in the official Gazette. Comments Bi case-law [Acquisition of land for Trust-for the purposes oi acqu:ring land for the Trust, the machinery of the· Land Acquisition Act, 1894, as modified is contern plated, The Town P!annmg and Improvement Trust Act, does not exclude the Land Acquisinon ·Act on the contrary it makes t- applicable, but subject to modi tications ,.md exceptions. The Master Plan has to desig'1ate the 'and which will be subject to compulsory acquisition by the various authorities therein mentioned inciud:ng ths State Government: Patna Improvement Trust vs. Smt. Lakshmi De11i, "1963 BL.JR 790 (SC). _ Persons whoso land or house has been acquired by the Trust Authority are displaced persons'. Such persons are entitled to get 2 piece of land 2.f'd claim priority in ailotment ot a plot at the appropriate time. This being a legat right for seHlc:nen! or a plot, it follows that a statutory du1v has been- cast on the Au \1- -.riiV and the same can be enforced by a writ of mandamus. Prem. Shankar .Sahay 11s. Chairman, 1982 BBCJ 185. PrincipJ,~ or determination of compensation payable to owners for the portion o! H1eir buildings or lands acquired eithe: under Section 298 or Section ?.99 of Sec. 27 J Bihar Flegional Development Authority Act, 1974 • "> I compensation shall be confined only .to the loss sustamed or tho expenses m curred. by the owner, as a consequence of acquisition of his building or v m lying withir the regul"' Ii , of tho public street. Sub-section (I) of Sectior 30 I as it stands amends- i even !hough specifies the principle of compensation 1Jay able for land acquire · under either of the Sections 298 or 'J99 does not rnqu.re the payment of compensaiion to bo paid thereunder, to include the value of k:nct. The amended sub-section, therefore, makes it clear that the payment of value. that is. market value, as compensation for the acquired land is excluded 111"rn under. Therefore, _principle 'spocified in sub-soction (t) of Section 30 i for detP; mina!ion of compensation payable io the owners for thei i nds or bui!din~ ac- . qulred under either of the Section 298 or Section 299 theroot, does not wa rant determination of compensation according to market valu« 01 such bui!ding or land. Municipal Corporution of Greater Bombay vs Centre! Bente of India, ("1994) 4 sec 590 (Under Bombay Act}. For fixing the annual value ot the promises, it is the market value of the site and land attached to the house or buildinn, which has to be taken note of. Even land taken on lease can have market value. As to what would be ihe market value. rs however, a matter which has to be worl<ed out by thA authori1}1 concerned keeping In view the restrictive clauses of each of the lease aeeds, Tr bearing in mind what has been stated in this regard in Balbir Singh case. e national market value shail have to be discounted appropriately as lhe rcsutctlor subject lo which leases were granted, would undoubtedly depress the same. New Delhi Municipal Committee vs. Gymkhana Club Ltd. (1994} 3 sec 498. Since the compensation payable under sub-section {i) of Section 30i of the 81\/iC Act to the owner of" the acquired land or building can only be 'he loss sustained and the expense incurred by the owrer because of such acouismon, the compensation should be the amount which is required to be made good to the owner towards reimbursement of his loss sustained, if any, on account of acquisition and his expense incurred, it any, on account of acquisftion, Soms times lhere may not be any loss sustained and sometimes there may not bo any expense incurred. At other times, there may be botn loss sustained and · expense incurred by the 'owner. Therefore, depending upon a given situation. what should be th& compensation payable under that sub-section, has 'o 'be determined. Moreover the requirement of 1he proviso to the said sub-seciion has also. to be 1aken into consideration in determining the amount of such cornpen sation. Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay vs. Contra/ Bent: of indle, (1994) 4 sec 690.J · 27 .. Disposal of !and by the Authoritv.-The disposal of land belonging to the Authority or without carrying out development thereon shall be done by the Authority in accordance with the regulations made for the purpose. Comments & case-taw [Grant of leases of open space inside a public park 10 various orqarusations by the Stale Government violates every concept of urban planning and ciisr.ir.;line of law which requires parks to be preserved as parks. Court :nay order buiiciing constructed inside park to be dismantled. Arun Kumar vs. Nagar fVJahapalika, 1987 All.LT. 1038. '5-, Government agency put in possession of certain lands by the State Government for the .purpose of developing the land and parcelling lhe sites and --.J.C..- U,-m .,.f =ri;\I r;itp_c; should Observe the equalitv clause and be Jclif 2 2] Bihar Regional Dev_e~opmr--nt ulhority Act. 1974 L Secs. 28-29 · to the purchasers. Where the Development Aulhorii\f for unavoidable reasons is no: able to deliver possession. to the purchasers o allottees of some of the pio:s of land, ii should offq· them alternative plots without asking for an exorbi ·:ant price. However, d1e Development Authority canr-ot .be compelled to offer plots at the old price. Haryana Urban Development Authority vs Sunit« Rekhi. AIR ,989 SC 1637. Allotmr,;nt a; residential plots.~Where the.State Government had issued ad vertisement fo~ sale of. plots of land, stating that .lillv enveloped plots will ba provided, thP. Supremo Court deprecated the fc::ilu~0 to provide fully developed p:o,s ever. af!er e)cpiry of many years and directec hat possession of fully de veloped plots be given within six months. · Sector 6, Bahadurgarh Plot Holders Associafion vs. State·of Haryana, (1996) 1 sec 48b. The Developme,~t Authority and State Electricity Board must dischar- ,e their statutory liabi1iiy to provide water and electricity connections to prospective con sumers within the area. The High Court may give directions to concerned Au ·,hority ·:6 provide the water and/or electric connecUoris in terms O! proviso 10 section 52. Ranchi Regional Development Authority vs. Ranchi Municiioal Cotpo retion, 1!J95 ("I) BUR 572. : tsss (2) PLJR 340.) ,r·. . !'>..cq11idiion oi pro_periies blf AuUcoritv.- The Authority mall acquire movable OF ;mmovable properties by purchase, exchange, gift, lease, !'i10,1gage or by any other method permissole unde; law. CommeRts fu case ·la:,, [Nqtice is r:ol required to be served on an occupier of !he premises whose name is not entered in Municipal assessment list. It is tnreasonaole to assume tha: a duW has been cast upon the Improvement Trust to serve not.ce on the occupier of the premises even though his name is 1ot entered iP the municipal asscssmerr iist. /l. general notice. whic!i would be :i 1oticc to all the owners and occcpiors of the premises sought to be acquired for the imorovement scheme has been provided for in Section 46 (of 1951 Act). therefore, does no! impose sucn unreasonable restrictions as to attract the provisions o~ Ar:icle 19 (1) (f) o1 the Constitution of lndia. ShivJe11 Singh vs. Ststo, i963 8LJR 254 ] 22 ••- '-\~':f.>jUisltion of land fo'l purposes of i:t-iis Aci.-(·i) T11a State Govern rnsnt may acquire land for purposes of this Act by computsory acquisition under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (Act 1 of 1894) : w~ ~~: ~~ ~ -~, ~ fc;ror,m .nf~c.i/tl( ;.,~ -a: ;:!-,o, ~m mr --~f'q- on'1 .:;:ii'hs:?,-;;;i•·;r cll' -~ai"'~~ i~.._.,,,i:, ~ ~. ~ ~ ~rn1i'I'.' ~ ~ ~ i)· M cl:i ~ c;~: •f~ ~) <.:~ ~1 ~~~ "l!l_,.;..,, °i{ ~r.{!-4 ~- o7i ~~T-1' ~f.i~ fsi...;rr .,...;1·: 1;,· cJm', <:IR; t¥•d-.s;; ~~ ~ cf. i:m~ ~ mt;€f ~ zy cJif (;;'j~ "IT"~ ~ ~ ~-e,·t' -~l"'II ,fo:i ~ 3'~41"h' .:m~ ~1!,m<1 -m..,.,-1, ~i f,:h'fir ~~l~ ~ ~a_ra ~T ~:i~it~• ~- emf ~ ~FT ~ 1",c!:J"" ~'t m1~ ~. ~ \\.~ ~f.rclr4 ~ ~ a:i-R>ra ..- ~ .::i.m ~ ..,.~a ,. . , .., (~· \l.Tj=.1 ~ ~ '$xl 11~ 3wfii; ~.- ~ ~ -~ ·if ~"r ~r i;;,°". ·t1 ..-. .!11 ~-i~ehH -ff~~~ ~~-~I (2) If the State Government failed to. acquire the land wifli'1 a oeriod of six months from tile· date of receipt of the notice, the Master plan or, as the case may be, the Zonal Development plan or the Regional plan shall have effect, af •~r •h"' ,,,,,..,, •. l'liion of the said six months as if the land wera not required to be -· -'~~;~..-..-,fnrl ~c:: c::1,hiecl to Sec. 30 J Bihai Regional Development Authority Act, i 974 CMAPTIER Vf DEVELOPMENT OF LANO Al\lD BUILDING ,JONTROL 30. l\lo deye!oprrianft o1 lainol i9!fter commencement of this Act widt':mt pevmission.-Thc; provisions of this Chapter· shall apply 10 such areas o; rl'oior as .nay be 'lol!fier by the Authority from time-to lime, i\!o person or Jody (excluding a department of Central or State Govemmsm or local authority) shall instituie or change the use of anv land or carry o ..r t de velopment on any !and without obtaining permission in wniing from ihe Aut;1miiy· Provided that in !he case of a department of Centre.I or State Government or· local authority intending to carry out on any land "'lny development other man those covered by the operational constructions as defined· in section 2 (e), tna concerned department or local authority, as "he case may be, shall noiifl' in writing to the Authority o" ils intenton to do so giving t, ,11 particulars there of and accompanied by such documents and plans as may be prescribed by the State Government from time to time, at least, one month orior 10 the undertaking of such development; and where Authority has raised any objection in respec. ol the conformity of the proposed .development. either lo any development p!ar under preparation, o. to any of the building bye-laws intorce at the time. or due: to, any other material consideralion, the department or.the local authority as ih.:: ·case may be sh.""11- (i) either •nake necessary modification ·in the proposals fo_r develop ment to meet the objections. raised by ihe Authority, or (ii) submit the proposals for development toqether with the objections ov raised the. Author~y to the State Government Ior decision. 11\/her proposals and objections have been submitted, no developmen shat be undertaken until the State Government has ·finally decider on the matter. · The State Government on- receipt of the proposals ior development 1oge!i1e with the objections ot the Authority shall in .consultation with tile Dsvelopmen Commissioner ei'he. approve the proposals with or without modifications or ma: direct the concerned department or local authority as ~he case may be tc mak: such moditication h the proposals as they consider necessary in \h_e circurn stances- : f. ... - " - ~ <41"C;" "~' • <:R'i ~31~1 .'ffTl<-:t 4e 11 · oJ't>llCQ,(1"\'f ~ Molllx e;lT "Rt)fl.;. TiilG ·7,hy ~l(l"'°?il ~ ~ 6 i:illr<fi ~ ~-;; ~ ~ n1 ~- -r~ iY ~ ~~( ~~ cil' <.i: ~ WTT fu -~ ~~ $1' fufura- ~ ~ ~'.rr, ~~ -;:u-~- ;;;°'; G ·,ff: m .~· m ~ ~"G"il ~ ~ -.;'fi'°';W TTf{ ~ ·;{ lr' fu~-..T· ~ ;mv.:,~ ~)·u ft ' t.l~ifcld f;mfur ~ ~ zj'1 Comments and case-law [Chapter VI of t:1e BRDA Act provides for 'Development of land and bui!C:in control". In terms or the provisions of section 30, an emharqo has been pUL wit regard to the development of land by the owner thereof except with 11,e oennis · sion of the concerned Authority under the Act. Uma. Shyam Periver Trust •.t: State of Bihar, 19fl0 (1} PLJR 603. Enquiry envisaged before amending or revoking tho development schem ' .,. ·• - ·· - ..J- -- ~"~ ""'"'"""rih1 m~~n :::i n11hlir. enouirv With oooortunn 2 ,~!] Bihar Regional Development Authority Act. 1974 [ Secs. ~1-32 oI l1earing elctendsd to citizens. }( Remdes Shenoy i's. State of Kameteks, 199~. supp. (2) sec 516 J :Jri. O,..nm..:,'s , .,Jligation when d~s?ling_ wif.h J..ind ~ b1.11if-.::ing sltas, -(f the owner oi' any lane including a local authority, a body corporate constituted un dor cny law and --lep2rtment of lhe Government utilii12s. sells, !eases out or otherw:se disposes of such land, Im shall lay down and rnako a street or streets giv;n~ access-and right of way to the owners of the plots 'into which the fare mai~ De divided so as to connect them with an ·exLsting public or private street, c:WG also provide other amenities. Comments @ild CiiJse-la,11! [Section 3i provides for the land owner's oblig:1iion l•trhcn dealhg wiih land as !.o!..'iidir:g sites Uma Shyam Parivar Trust vs. State of Binsr, 1990 (i-) PLJ 503.] :~2. !.@l,'-i:or,1t Plan.-{1) Before utilising, selling or otherwise dec.:ing with any 1i:::1d under Section 31 , the owner thereof shall a?ply to the Aufaority ir. writing 1 rt1iih a lay-out plan of the land showing followhg particulars, namely :- (a) chs piots into wnich the land is proposed to be divided for the · erection cf bulidings thereon and ihe purpose or purposes for which · sud buildings are to be used; (b) the reservation or allotment of any site •o~ any street, open space, parl· recreation ground, schools, markets or any other puolic pur poses; (c) the intended level. direction ancl width oi street or streets; (d) -the rogubr line of street or streets; (e) Hv:i arrangements with specification 10 be ,~,acie for levelling, pavin!'.;. metalling, nagging, channell:ng, sewering, drain;ng, conserving scrap ing anc lighting street or streets Every appdcauon under sub-section {1) shall be accompanied by such fee <1s may be prescribed by regulations: Provided that no such fee shall be necessary in the case of an application made by a department of the Government. a local au1ho,·i,y or bociy corporate. (2) The provisions of this Act and '{he regulations made thereunder as to th3 planning standards shall apply- in the case of L?t}1-out plan reterred to in sub . section (1) and al! the particulars refetied to in that s..ib-section shall be subject to U1e sanction 0f the Authority. · {3) Wiih;n ~ixty days after the receipt o.- any applicatio;1 under sub-section (1) . i110 /l,i.uhori1y after making such enquiry as it may consider necessary iP relation to any matter specified in sub-section (2) of Section 1 D or in relation to any other mav m1: 1er, sh--::.11 either accord sancuon to the lay-out plan on such condi!ion3 as ii ihiil!{ fit or disallow it or ssk for further information wi!h respect to it · (i!) Suell sanction shall be refused if the application does not conform lo tne provisions o~ this Act, regulation, rules or c1ny plan under this Act. (5) The lay-out plan referred lo earlier in t'iis connection, sr.al;, J so required 'i:Jy ihe Author~" bo prepared by a Town Planner licensed by the Authorities. Comnwn~s and C<'.lse-1:riw [VI/her: any site is reserved tor public purpose by the private coloniser, the • ·'·'~--a,• ,..,mnnt imnose a condition ior sanctiornnq the plan that ' -- --~ A11thnrit\/ Secs. 33-34 1 Bihar Region:31 Dev~lopment Authorit'r Act. 1974 free of cost, it would not be proper to sir, itch pub Ii<: interest to create rigln and title over the property. Transfer of ownership to the Development Authority free r;;f. cost is not permissible !.inder law. Pl. Chet Ram \l.1shist l c. Munici,oal corpors :F:- tion of Delhi (1995) · SGG Building Plans ; m.only.besanctioned according to the building regulations prevailing at the ti e ot sanctjoninq of such building plans In case of any change in building· regulations, the new regulations in torce on date of actual sanctioning of building plan ·wm be. applicable. Usman Gani J Khatri 1m. Ceman ment. Board. (1992) ~3 sec 455. Town Planning.-ln drawing up plan for development of an area, the S!ale Government has complete discretion to draw of development plan wiihout hold ing public enquiry and providing opportunity or hearing to all persons lil<elv to be affected. K. Ramdas Shenoy vs. State of l<arnataka. 199 Supp. (2) sec 5i7. 1 VI/here Munidpal land had been earmarked for "open space" for public use, that is to maintain ecology and hygenic environment, the Siate Governmer.l has . no power to sanction lease for house construction over: U1e land. Virendr;J Gaw vs. State of Haryana, (1995) 3. sec 1: 19~5 .(:t).°'AH 'PLR (SC) ms. 33. Alteration or clemclition oi' sfif(eef·iria~e,:'in br;eactu of Sscliorii 22'. (1) If any person lays out or makes any.;stree"t·. r.efer(~<(to ·in Section 32. with· out or otherwise than in conformity with- ~tie orders: c;,i the Authoriiy, 'he Vice Chairman may whether or not tho offender be prosecuted under this Act. b~ noiice- (a) require U:e offender to show cause in writing and send to th~ Vice; Chairman on or before such date as may be specified in the nonce why such 'street should not' be altered to ihe satisfaction of !ilE wh:: Vies-Chairman or, if such alteration be impracticable, sue+ street should not he demolished; or (b) require the offender 10 appear before the Vice-Chairmen either per· sonall / or by a d!JIY authorised ageni on sucn day and at suer time and place as may be speclfied in the notice and show Cell.IS€ aforesaid. (2) If any person on whom such notice is served iails to show cause re the satisfaction of the Vice-Chairman why such street should not be so alterer or demolished, ihe Vice-Chairman may pass an order directing the alteration 01 demolition of sue! street as he may think fit. (3) The coot incurred in this connection shall be recovered from ihe parlie~ concerned as arrears of land revenue. 21,. Power of Vic;e-Chaiuman to order wor!f fro roe carrioo out 1.1r to IC"'il'li"l out himseli 1n rfofeiu3t-lf any private street or part thereoi is no: levelleci paved, metalled. ilagged, channelled .. sewered, drained, conserved or ;ighiened tc the satisfaction of the Vice-Chairman he may by notice require the owners o such street or part thereof and ihe owners of the lands and buildings in froni o or abutting on such street or part thereof to carry out any work whic.1 in hii opinion may by necessary, and wilhin such time as may be specified in suet notice. (2) lf such work is not carried out within the time specified in t:is i1o1ice the Vice-Chairman may, if he thinks fit, execute it and recover the expenses ;r, curred thereon from the owners referred to in sub-section (1) in such proportior as may be determined by the Vice-Chairman as arrears of tax under this Acl. 2 3] Bihm Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 [ Sec 35 Comments l1 case-law [The authonty must ensure that there is sufficier.l tiroe between the date of ;ldveriisement and lile date on which auction is to be relci. Merely ensurlnq a ili~he;- pries than that of ihe previous auction is not enough Mere compliance of requirement of issuing advertisement is. not enough. The action of Government msturnentahty must not only be lair but it also must appear to bo fair Ganesh Bf;andar vs. The Stsi», 1989 PLJR 299. · Section 34 empowers the Vice-Chairman to order warlc to be carried ou: or to carry out such work himself m detault of the land owrer. Uma Shyam Parivar Trusi vs. State of Bilwr. 1990 (1) PLJR 503.] 8G. ;::·.-ohiibi~ion to buikling wi'l.nout s~mclio11.-l\lo- person shalt erect or commence to erect any building, or make any addition o~ aneration to any build ing except wiih the previous sanction or the Vice-Chairman, and in accordance wiiil the provision of this Chapter and the regulations made under this Act. Provided that the Authority ma/make separate set of nequ:ations for d!ffcr -a:-ii areas or difie~cnt l{ir.ds of areas. Comments & case-law [In case -::>i Cl 1stn.1eiion made without obtainin·!1 pnor-sanction of tho control .linr.,. authority ft is '10t a requiromeni of law that the complaint be filed by the commi!ing authoritv State vs. Rajendra Presed, 1965 ell.JR 520, Res·1ricticm, imposed upon a person from making 2ny construction Without obtaining prior sanction of' the Controlling Authority by the provisions of the Act. '::'.c, not in any way restrict tho power of the controlling authority itself to grant sanction to a plar even after the construction is made. Tho exercise o" sud power 01 post facto sanction of a plan is not, ln any .w2Jy, inconsistent with the purpose and object of the statute. Mosst. Lexm! Jain vs. R. S. Sobin), ·i 965 3L;JR 963. Socilon 35 provides for restrictions upon ·all persons to erect or. commence tc erect ;..ry buitding or make any addition or alteration to' any building except with the previous sanction or the Vice-Chairman, and :n accorcanco with 01iaptor o: VI t:1is Ac"! and the regulations made thereunder. Doman .Paswan vs. State of 3il:12r, 1938 PUP. 968. The authorities directed not to demolish such buildings, which have bean. constructed strictll1 in· accordance wiih the sanctioned plan. in cases 1111hero !here ls a deviation hof"' the _sarictioned plan, the builders to file a detailed represen tation before the Vice Chairman. The Vice· Chairman to hear and pass appropri ::it:=: orders with reference to the materials on record and also consider regarding U,e ~imnt of post .acto sanction, with the building byelaws. where deviation has been done from the sanctioned plan. Ravindra Kumar vs. State of Bihar, 1998 ('l) PLJR 927. A plan for senction of construction of 3 ooilciing cannot be rotused 011 the grounrl. or non-submission of documents .showinq mutation or the land owner. /i.j,:.1y r-:umar Jha vs. Stete or Bihat; 2000 (i) PLJR 226. Approval giv0n oy the authorities to a plan i'or- construction o1 a house ex :::a::ii on an aree falling in common between the member .of the same ·family: If _,.: .... -•: ........ ,,..... ;h" r-nn- Sec. 36] Bihar Re~ional Development Authority Act, 19/4 struction in the common arcs demolition car. not be ordered by the c.utho~iti£ The owner of the house directed to file fresh representation before ths Vi< Chairman, PROA for according sanction for the disputed structure alongwi,~ t'· compromise petition. Uma Jeyesws! vs. Chairman Pl-?DA, 2000 (i) PLJR '2!:: - approval 91ven ,o pelilioner except on the area falling commor bctwe( members of the same family and it was observed that approval for cans ructrc on the common area woulcf be given afier petitioner has fited a comprome agreement for the common area- order for demolition of such area passed n, thereafter a compromise petition filed-in view of the compromise petition, dem lition is not required end V.C. directed to accord his approval after the ;:K!ition filed his application tor the same. Uma .Iayaswalv s. Chairman, PROA, 2GDO ( PLJR,125. Seciion 35 read with Sye Law 5.3 (v) --a plan for sanction of constructk cannot be refused on the ground of non-submission of document showing m,11 tion of the name of the land owner. Krishna Kumar Giri vs. Vice Chairman, 20l (1) PLJR 226. - sanction of pl:1r;.i for erection, addition or aheranon -there is no ,sqllir ment l!/s 36 that the landlord should disclose, while applyinq for scncton, H occupancy by tenants of the portion ~"hich is for sanction of plan-word • vr.d any law" u/s 37 has to be read ejusdem qeneris - non- disclosure of occ pancy by tenants in the plan for sanction does not amount 10 mlsrep~essnlarv. of fraud or evictlon of tenant bypassing lhe 8.8.C. Act, i 982 vivek Aror,? :, Patna Regio,1a/ Development Autnority; 200i (2) PLJA 798.] . 36. Erec~!on of buildings, ei:c.-(J) Every person, inc!uding local aL•ihortl body corporate constituted under any law and a department of Central or 3ta Government who intcnds-> (a) to carry out a development plan or any other development wor'< (b) to make any addition or alteration thereto, shall apply for sanctk by giving notice in writing of his intention to the Vice-Chairman such torm and containing such information as may be prescrior by regulations made in this behalf. Provided that ·no such sanction need be sough1 if the alteration is to ~ done internally in a buikiing withoul affecting the position of oath-room, _;(itchE and drainage arranqements and further that the proposed internal aiieratio;-s doi "not violate the provisions of the building regulations or planning standards ti,i ~n iorce. (2) Every such notice shall be accompanied by such documents anu p!a1 as may be prescribed. (3) Every applicatton under sub-section ('i) shat be accompanied by sw fee as may be proscribed by regulation made in this behalf: · Provided 'urthsr that the operational constructions of the Railways, 0111 Central Government Departments, and Departments of Staie Government m, be exempted i,orn the provisions as aforesaid. In resped of other works ot Railways, Central Government Department and departments of the State Government such as construction of new !ir.e new build:ngs, new structures and new inslaliations and reconstruction of existi: lines, buildings, structures and installations for both operational purposes and 1 extension of services permission of the Authority may be gmnteci or rejcc~! 2 8J Bihnr Regional Development ,l 1fhority /-'CL 1974 ~ Sec 36 iaiesi by three weeks from the date of r:.cuip, ..:,f notice or proper applicatic ci· iha A1..!iih0rl,y for tha purpose. In case no orders of the Authority are passer' , riu .;cm;-11uiiica'.0d to within ihe aforesaid time-limit of three' weeks at the lates · "' R;;ii'.1::ays. Cantral Government Departments and State Government Departrr-ervs will be t;-0e to go ahead with the constructions. In caso .he Authoritv has rR jzcicd E:.ny proposal rn respect of Railways, Central Government or any Stato Gov3mment Departmeni· contained in the notice or apphc ition as aforesaid an apr,0c:1I si-i.:111 lie to the State Government if preferred withm a period of thirty nays. Whil& disposing of such appeal the State Govern'ment shall consult the Cenlral Government or the Department, of the State Government as the 'case nv:1y bs. (•1) Where permission is refused under sub-section (2) of Section 37 the app!ic8r.i or any person claiming through him shall not be ,c:.n@eC: to get refund, o, ·1:10 fps paid on the application for permission bu! the Authorityrnay on an :::'.'Jp[~iion ior refund being made within three months of communications of the . groi.mcls d the refusal, direct refund of such portion of the :eP. as ii may de:qm i:1roper ir: tho circumstances of the .case. (51 ·nJe P.uihority shalt l<eep in such form as may be prescribed by regu!a ,'ons, ~ roqistar of aopncations for permission under ihis section. {5) Ti19 said register shall contain such particulars mc?uding information as £0 lh3 manner ·n which applications for permission have been cieall w:th as r.iav i::0 p,e:::::;ribed by ·regli'atiQns and shall be avaiiable for inspection to the public at ail reaeonaole hours on· payment of such fee, not exceedinq rupees five es may be pr.~~cribed by re_g· •!ations. Comamnts. l!, case l.:iw [Sec.Ion 36 provides-that every person including local authority or body corporate constitu-ed under any law for the tirno being in force is required to .vpp!y to: sanction 'or erection of any building, the restrictions. imposed are man c''21ory in characte- DomanPaswan vs. State of Bihar, 1988 PLJR 968. ~.~~"R""u' Pl@n.-The requirements of public. interest can outweigh the "IAgiti rrate enpectatlon" O'. orivate persons and the decision of a public body (such as a- Development Authority) on that basis in exercise of statutory powers is not assaila:J!e. Where Development At.1hority had changed land. use of an area in ;he Wi.zisier Plan from 'recreationat" to "residential" and again trorn "residential" to "l"a:reat:o,al", ihe first change by the Development Authority docs not" giva rise. to 3 i.Z'l)ilimate expectation in a private coloniser owning land Jn the area that r.e coukl develop a housing colony therein merely because the coloniser had sub mt1o1 a plan '"or -approval to the Development Authority in cases whern grant o; approvc:I o, such plan is not automatic and the statute permits amendment o~ U10 I\Jiaster 01afl by change ot land use. Ghaziabad Development Authorily vs. De/I-·! 4uio and General Finance (P) Ltd., (1994) 4 sec 42 . .3ei'o~e a space can be held to be a "street" under lhe Act, there must be :1 dedication by the owner to t!le public. in the present. case the appellant has ded'cated fne verandah in dispute tothe public use. It is being used tor pass ing and reoassinq by the public at large and as such is a "street" in terms of Section 3 (i 3) (a) of the Act. The appellant has, thus, surrendered his rights in · • · ·• • .,c, , ..,.L·- -· .i-1;_ TL~ , .,... ..... ,, ....~ th ......... ~.,..,,n ...... 1·h, tc .-..nrl ~hM:;&\1-C Sec. 37 ] Bihar Regional Development ~t!t'1orily Act, 1974 dedicated to public by the owner for passing and repassmg, partakes it character of a 'street" and no longer remains under the control o! ths m•.rr.E The owner has no righi at all times to prevent the public from using tt same. When the owner of the property has, by his own volition permitted h property to be converted into c: "street", then he has no right to clarm ~• compensation when tho saf"1e property is made a "public street" under Se tior 171 (4) of the Act. Th!=! "Streets" are meant for public use It rs nece sary that the "streets" whicn arc being used by the public are rrequently r paired and are also saved from public abuse. in the absence of any regui tory control. the hawkers and squatters are likely to occupy the "street thereby creating nuisance for the public. In a situation like this i'I i::; nece sary for the Committee lo step in and exercise its powers under Ssciion 1" (4) of the Act. The Committee exercises rngulatory control and is resporu ble for the repair and upkeep of the "public streets". The verandah in d1 pute is a "stres . It has .':)eon declareci as a "public street" for tne bett snjovrncnt of the public-right in the said street, When a "street" is dacta« as "public street" the owner of the property· comprising the said "street" hi no right to claim compensation. Gobind Prasad Jagdish Persed vs. NDJ1Jl1 (1993) 4 sec '38. Seclions..,36 and 37 r/w section 38 -presumption of sanetior =-sancton f . a development plan may or may not be accorded but in either case an infc,;-:1 in tion is to be given to the applicant and case no o-uors are passed within period of four months, then sanction can be presumed after the lapse of. : days of a reninder which goes unheeded -sections 36 ai1d 37 am comprens sive in nature and are a complete Code- section 38 is a coroliary rather a pr viso to section 37. Rajesh Singh Buddhpriya vs. Pante Reg. Dev. Author! 2002 (2) PLJR, 263.J 37 Sairnction or refusal of application for er~ciion ()U ai flJ)Mcl{]io-i(:j , m!lcliiion or alteration thereio.-(1) The Vice Chairman shall sanction the ere tion of a b.uilding or addition or alteration thereto if such erection of lhe buildi1 or addition or alteration thereto would not contravene any provision of ihis ,!:..ct any regulation made thereunder. (2) If the proposed erection 'or alteration would ·:io in contravention' ot a, provision of this Act, or any regulation made in this behalf or under any 0U1 law, sanction of Iha plan shall be refused. (3) The Vice-Chairman shall communicate the sanction to ii1e person wl has giver. the notice, and where he refuses the sanction he shall. record a nr statement of his reasons for such refusal and communicate the refUS31 alo: with the reasons thereof to the person who has qiven the. notice. (4) -:-he sanction or refusal· 'as aforesaid shall be communicated .n su, manner .as may be specified in the regulation made in this behalf. (5) I"! at the expiration of a period of 3 months attsr application under S€ tion 36 has been made to the Vice-Chairman, no order in writhg has ,Jo, passed by the Vice-Chairman and no notice of the order passed by the Vic Chairman, in this connection has been sent to the applicant, the applicani sh .give a notice under registered post intimating that sanction shall be presumed nothing to the contrary is received or notified in respect .of his application will' 30 days troro the date of receipt of the notice. 3ihar Heqional Development Authority Act, 197~1 comments lli case-law [Provisions of sub-section (5) oi section 31 are mancatory in nature. , he · f.acl of participation by a land owner in any enquiry conductec by an Authurit)' tPc.ler th~ Act cannot bu termed as waiving of the righi ol the land owner to pro ceed w[!h the construction after expiry of perioo of one month's nonce giv.en to ihc ?,~igic,mil Development P.uthority after ii hao not disposed of fae land owner's app!ic.:i.tion for s~nctioning cannot suffer for the delay or laches ot authorities cnc.lc·.- 'ihe Act. Uma Shysm Psrivnr Trust vs. State of Bifiar -, 990 (1) PL.JR 503. Seciion 37, (5) does not create any rioht whicil is. capable of being waived . •~ person hos a right lo erect a building on his own land subject, of course, to the compliance of existing. Building Regulations. Th8 State merely" provides io, certain consequences once tho Authority fails to perform his statutory duty wi1l1in the time limi~ fiKcci by the LegislatL:e. ibid. Section ;;7 (b) mises a legcil fiction as a result whereof ihe building plan, suba1Hted by the land owner after the expiry of ,he period ::,rescribed by the l_er:isla"iu:·e, allhougt, not expressly sanctioned, would be deemed to navs been canctionod, ibid. t'1:?-01,,~_-; S2frCiio1,1.-Vl/hero the concerned authority had asked for certain ctariricat.on and udditional iniorrnation from the person who had submitted a "buikiing plan" for sanction, and instead of furnishing the additional information, ih(=: ~:,nC.: oo,w ner had claimed deemed sanction on e)(piry of statutory period for sanction ,Juiluing plan, the benefit of provision of demned sanction will no! be avai:able to 1he iand owner. Anset Properties and Industries (P) Ltd. vs. DOA, rcss supp (t) sec 61. Sections 37 and 54 -afte, a plan is sanctioned by PROA, it is incumbent on them lo have w: .. tch on the construction so as to frustrate ihe design of de or 'Jiations ihe aevelopers. Mis Saket Housing Ltd. vs. Patna Regional Dev. A'Jihoriiy, 2003 (·1) PLJR,832.J . :J'.~. Sanc~ior:·• @ccordoo uncile1· misrepres1;ntation.- If at any time after the sanction to erection of any building or addition or alteration thereto has been accorded, tho Vice-Chairman is satisfied that such sanction was accorded in consequence of anv material misrepresentation or fraudulent statement contained ln i:1e notice given or informa.don furnished under Section 37 he. may by order in writing and tor reasons to be recorded cancel such sanction rind erection of any building or addition or alteration thereto shall be deemed to have been dorm wiihou! such sanction:

p,-,JV;ded "ll1at before makinq any such order the Vice-Chair-nan shall give reasonable opportunity to the person affected to explain as to why sucl 1 order i:: ;10..il::l not bo r:1m.iP Co1',tments iJ: c.,m::i-16:W' [The authority has ilO power under this provlsion to cancel ;:irs-or.dinance 1Juilclina permit, sanctioned by the controlling authority under the earner Bihar Town Planning and Imoroverncnt Trust Act, 195·,, Hanr:hi Club vs. State, ·1973 38CJ 51:. Power under Section 38 can only be exercised if application had contained ·-·--- ~~~.,,.""n r,r frri11r!ulent statement, later discovered by authority. Sec. 39 ] Bihm Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 Section sa -withdrawal of sanction-section 38 c otnes the Vicf'· Chairmru with the jurisdictlcn to recall, revoke or cancel the sanction, if the sarno is LI out come uf misrepresentation or fraudulent statement or suppression of mate rials facts =-sectlon 38 does not say that the question beyond what are pr-::vide< in section 38 can also be considered by the Vice-Chairman-however, in .=:. Gels, of fraud there is no scope for presumption unless the law permits it - tlw '-).Jli! which complained to the Vice-Chairman. PROA about psndoncy oi a tills su:t am stay order passed therein was obligr"d to prove posltlvety that puiitionf!rs ha< positive knowledge of the p sndency or ~he title suit and the orders passer therein =-Vioe-Chairman presurrunq that tho petitioners had tho lmowlodge o pendency of suit and stay order v,~thout any positive evidence and witildrawin! tho sanction acted contrary to law-impugned order set aside. F;lajesh Sing: Buddhpriya VS. Patna Reg. Dev. Authority, 2002 (2) PLJA. 263.] 30. Orrolec' of stoppaqe of building; in certain t~nse.-(1) Where the erec tion of any building or addition or alteration tl-ierelo has been commenced or i. heing carried on (but has not been completed) without or contrary to ths sane tion referred to in Section 37 or in contravention of any condition subject t< which such sanction has been accorded· or in contravention of any provisions o this Act. or rei;iulations made thereunder the Vice-Chairman rr.ay, in addition t< any other. action that may be taken under this Acl, by order, require the psrsot at whose instance the building or the work has been commenced or is bein, carried on, !o stop the same forthwith. (2) It such order is not complied for!hwith, the Vice-Chairman may requr. any police officer to remove such person and all his assistants and workmoi from the premises within such time as· may be specified in the requisit'on an such police officer shall comply with the requisition nccordingly. (3) After the requisition under Sub-section (2) has been complied wi!h, 'lhr Vice-Ohairrnan may, if he thinks fit, depute by a written order, a police officer :.:: any officer or ot'rer employees of the Authority to watc» the premises in order i1 ensure that the erection of the building or the execution of the work is not ccr tinued. (4) Where a police officer or an officer or other employee of the Authorit has been depute,..:: under sub-section (3) to watch the premises. the cost of sue! deputation shall be paid by the person at whose instance such erection or e;; ecution is being continued or to whom notice under sub-section (1) · was give, and 'shall bo recoverable from such person as an arrear of tax under this Aci Comments llt case-law [Where permission to construct Cinema hall was given by appropriate au lhorities and no serious objection was raised during tho construction of '·he builc ing, it will be against justice to refuse permission to run the Cinema hall whe, · the building is complete or nearly complete. The doctrine of equitable estoppr will apply against the authorities. Ram Chandra Jha vs. State, 1977 B:..JR 4ffi After approval of proposed plan of building b~1 appropriate authority an ores of cancellation of permission of construction made without affording an opporu nity of hearing t< the pariy concerned is illegal. ibid. The principal that if the encroachment is less than 5 links, if' cannot be hol with certainty that there is indeed an encroachment cannot be sale to be a infle)(ible rule of universal application. Haribansh Singh vs. Basist Kumer, ·198 PLJR 370 (FB). 3 2] ~ihar ~egiona! Development Authorltv Act, 1974 [ Sr"s 40-41 · ?rovisions o~ sections 3!1 and 54 read v..rith Rule 9 of Appendix-, ,, Bye-laws (as amended by Order No. 75 of 1987 dated 28.2.1987) are attrac to all constructions wi!hm the territorial jurisdiction of the A!Jtl,ority under Parcl1-,Nor!{, repair or c 'tf', ltio'l do-io in old existing bui!ciing cannot be said to me.teria!ly effect the external appearance of such a building. The requirement ot "sot-back" is not applicable in case of houses built pr or to enactment of laws pr~.c,ibins such requirement. 11 is proper that post tac '1 sanction of the Builri ing Plan be considered by the concerned Authority, S·Jdhisr Kumar Purf)8JI vs. Pc.lnn Rogionaf Development Authoriry, 1991 (2) PLJR 19P,. A procccdinq under section 39 is maintainable only where the construction rs being carried out in contravention of. the sanctioned (or rleemed sanctioned) pl21n, Utna Shyam Parivar Trust vs. State otBinsr, 19S'O (1} PLJR 503]. · ~i·:t. f.!.;::si:.;er o ,;l1::t>-Chairman fto reouire alleraiior of wo:-!t.-{1) The Vice Ct·ai,r.iE.n rr.ay at :;ny time during the erection of or addition or alteration to any oliilding or at any lime within six months after the submission of tho completion · ceriiiicatD as required ,mcier regulation framed for the p.u,pose oy a written notice specify any matter in respect of whicl1 such erection er execution is without ·or contrary to the sanction referred to in Section 37 or is ;'1 contravention of any of the provisions of H1is Act or any regulation made thereunder and require the porson who gave 'he notice. under Section 36 or the owner of such building or wo:-!.o: either- (a) to make such alierations .as may be specified in ~he said notice with the object of bringing the building o: work in conformity with the said sanction, condition or provisions or {b) to show cause why such alterations should no: be made, within a period stated in the notice. {2) If the oerson or the owner does not show cause as aforesaid he ,shall co bound to make the alterations specified in the notice. · ~3) " the person or tho owner shows cause as aforesaid the Vice-Chairrnan shall by an order either cancel the notice issued under sub-section ("i) or con firm •tie same subject to such modifications as he thinl<s M. Comments A Case-!aw [Section 40 _:_building in question alleged to have not made as per the sanctioned plan- -direction issued to .make certain modification in the building- . w1ii filed against such direction-writ disposed of by permitting· ih.c petitioner to Me representation which will be disposed of by the authority in accordance wi!h ie.w-no representation filed by the petitioner- authority revived the earlier _order w:1en no representation filed by tho petitioner-c-alteqation that VC did not con side;· tho representation which was filed (filed after the order of revival on the same day) no ,liegality held to have been committed by the authority .. indrameni Davi vs. State of Binet, 2004 (2) PLJR 4G7.] t1"L Ll$O o:i l@nd ic>md building in contresentier- 01 pl..1.Jls.-Arter the com ing into operation of any of the development plans in a zone no person s:1all L'.Se or permit to be used any land or building in that zone otherwise than in con i'ormity with sud plan: Provided that it shall be lawful to continue to use upon such ·terms and condsions as may be prescribed by regulations made in this behall any land or • • • " - - - • - .. ,hi~I,,, ;-;. .,... hoinn .. ~~r1 i 1non Secs. 42-44 ] Binar Regional Development Authority Ac 1974 it2. Pr:..-Aci building permiis.-h anv JUiiding permit Wh!Ch h ~j o J• .::; sued before the commencement of this Act is not whollv completed wrrl"tin .:: :-,r. riod of three years from Ihe dale of such permit, the s 1id perrrustron hafi ·b( deemed to have lapsed and trash permit shall be necessary; ~- Diur.:aiion of sanctlcn=-Tho sanction once accorded shal! remain va!;, up io three years during which period completion certificate from the ·egisK;21 arch!tecflengi11eer or a person approved by Vice- Chairman, in !he form preqcribei in the Building ·Regulations shall be submitted !lnd rt this 1s nol done the porrn shall have to be revatidated before tho expiration of ihis penc- or: pavmer , c such foes as may be prescribed. Hevalidatton shall be subject 10 !he rnlsc .:1n regulations then in torce. Comments & Cas-.law [The requirement of" section 43 is that Comptetion Certificate should b presented withir. three years of the work comoleted before the expiration of th period of three years. the la:1d owner should apply for ; evalidation of the eanr tion. The expression "then in force" as used in section 43 should be construe to mean the R•Jks and Reguiation in force when the origin,:I sancttor, wa granted and not those Rules and Regulations which aro in force at tho time , making revalidation application. Ram Narain Jhunjhunweio vs. Staie of Bihs 1990(1) PLJR 66Li The provisions of section 43 cannot be construed to mean ih'=lt eJ(csp[ ii one revalidation of sanction, no further order for revalidation of sanction nr buii• ing plan is permissible. Revalidation may continue even afier expiry or period three years provided- no C:eviation from the sanctioned plan takes place. T' order passed by t'1e Vice-Chairman forbidding further construction on the g;ou. that revafidatior of building plan cannot continue to be operative beyar:ci Ii of period three years is wilhout jurisdiction and erroneous. ibid. The provisions of this section are regulatory in nature, the object being ensure thai the construction is tarried on and completed in accordance wi,n ti sanctioned plar. and within the stipulated period or the period of revalidation. E if the constructior , alteration or addition has been done in accordance to ii sanctioned plan, suet- construction, alteration or addition will no. bs ille~ notwith- standing he en~iry of the slipulated period. vico Chairman PRDA · Sta,e of Bihar, 19!:!8 (1) PLJR 714.] C}-J~IPT'ER V!i ,, !j FINANCE, ACCOUNTS .Ll.ND AUOIT. ti4. [Fu1ull ot tm~ J.l..oc.iihorriiy-.-(1) The authority shall have and rnoin18ir. own fund to which shall be credited- (c:c} ·a'.1 moneys received by tho authority from. the S!aie Go 11ernsnen/ from the Contra! Government ·by way of grants, toa.ts, 3r;v.:nr.!')r-; olilerwise ; (b) all moneys borrowed by tho Authority trom sources other (;18n Sta•e Government er the Central Government by way en 10.::rn, debentures; (c) al! fees including betterment fees and charges- received by ~he Bihar Regionai Development Authority Act, 1~7Lt [ Sac 44 (c) ::111 moneys received by Hie Authority trom iho disposal of lands buildin anc' other properties movable and unmovable: and (e) all 11101 Ays rcceiv.ed by ihe Authority by way of rents and profit.:; or in any oil-it,;· .nannor or from anv other source · Provided that the setting up of the Authority would not involve any adrJi •ior,a; commitment from the Central Government by wav of granis, loans, ad vances or otherwise. (2) The Authority shall receive dut.y on certain transters of immovable pr o ert~, in accordance with the provisions herninafter in this section contained (i} The duty imposed by the Indian Stamp Act, i 899 (II of 1899) a:: moditied from time to time in its applicaiior to the Stale ot IJihar, on Instruments of sale, gift and usutrucru HY mortqaqe of -rn movable property shall in ihe case of instruments affecting im movable property situated in lhe area nonnod under Sub-section (2) of Section 1 of the Act and executed on or after the date on which the provisions of this /\ci came into force in such area be increased by five percen1Um on the value of lhe property trans :errcd hy the instrument or (in the case ot an usufructuary mort gage} on the amount secured by the instrument, as set forth in the instrument: ((i) For lhe purposes of this section- i (2) Section 27.of the IndianStamp Act, 1899 (II of ·j 899) as modified trom time to time shall be read as if it specifically required the oarticulars referred to therein to bo set forth separat ely in respect .J or property situated in the area notified under sub-ser.tion (2) ot Section ·1 of the Act. (b) Section 64 of the Indian Stamp Act, i 899 (II of 1899) as modified f;-om time to lime shall be road as ii it referred to the Authority as well as the State Government; (iii} Al! collections resulting from the said increase in stamp duty shall. alter deducting incidsntal expenses (if any}, be paid to tho Authority by such time as may be prescribed by rules made by the State Government. (3) Contributions shall be made from Municipal Funds to the Authority in the manner hereinafter contained - (l) All the local bodies of the area notified under sub-section (2) of section 1 of the Act shal! pay from t:1ei' Municipal funds to the Authorlty on the fist day of each quarter. so long as the Author ily continues 10 exist, a sum equivalent to one and a half per contum per quarter on the actual quarterly collection made on the basis of annual ratable valuation determined under the Blhar and Orlssa Municipal Act, 1922 (B. 8: 0. Act VII of 1922) and the Pat:i.'.":' Municipal Corporation Act, 1951 (8ihar Act XIII of 1952) as the said actual quantity collection stood on tho tirst day of the last prnceding quarter: provided that it this Act comes into tores dur ina a quarter, the amount of 11,e 'first of such payment shall bear -- .. ~1-.1~, h.c,r,:,11nrlP.r as the unexpired Secs. 45-47 ] Bihar Regional Developrneni AlilhQrity Act 197 3[ (ii) The payments prescribed by clause (1) of sub-secuor- (3) "''1al. ,-,3 made in priorlty to a!I other payments dt e from °lh<' munic11'.,..ll1,v except those referred to in section 67 of the Bihar and Or•"' n 1Viuni01pal Act 1 922 (B: g 0. Act VI I of 19?2) and the local ovdb tv shall submit quarterly returns in prescribed form lo the AlJlt,r,r 1 wilhm 30 _pay::; Irom the close of the quarter, (iii)· It any payment prescribed by clause (i) of sub-section (3) cannot ir the opinion of H,e Stale Government, l.Je made 'wahout incre::~.S!irf maximum amount authorised by sections 84, 85, 86 or SCA. ,)· tn~ Bif1a rid Orissa Municipal Act, -1922 (B & 0. Act \l:i 01 Hi22, "19,,·,, and cction 89 of tho Patna Municipal Corporation Act t;-,.er th:)t maximum amount may be increased lo such c)cten! as may ir the opinion of the State Government. be necessary lo secure th, duo making of such payment. (4) Contributions may be made from he Panchayat funds, agriculture mar ket yards and other sources such as irrigation and water tax. etc. as "'pprc11e( by tho State Government from time to time. (5 ) The tunes so received by the Authority shall be applied towards meet ing the expenses incurred by the Authority in the administration of this Act am for no other purposes: Provided that the liabilities due to the Centre and State Governments an other bodies incorporate shall be the first charge upon ihe funds of 11,8 Region: Development Authority, (6) The Authority may keep in current account with the State Bad<: ot lndi or any other Bank approved by the State Government in !his beha!~ such su1 oi money out of its fund as may be prescribed by rules and any money in ei coss of the said sum shall be invested in such manner as may be approved l: the State Govemrnem. (7) The Stat Government may, after dun appropriation made by tho Sta1 Legislature by law in this behalf, make such grants, advances and loans to fr Authorty as the Government may deem necessary for the performance cf ·:-r functions of tho Authority under this Act; and all grants, loans and advance made sl 1all be on such terms and conditions as !he State Government me determine. 45. Pow:;!r to borrow money.- The Authority may also borrow rno:,ey l way of loans or debentures from such sources. (other than the Stai.e and 11 Central Government) and on such. terms and conditions as may be approved I the State Oovemment. 4!6. Sin!ii11g fllnci.-(1} The Authority sl 1all maintain a sinfong tunrl for ti re-payment of moneys borrowed under section 44 and shall pay ev.ery ymi Jr the sinking funds such sum as may be sufficient for ,e-payment withrn the p riod fixed of all moneys so borrowed. (2) The sJnking fund or par! thereof shall be appned: in ex towards the rj charge of lhe loan .or which such fund was created, and unlil such loan wholly discharged i1 shail not be applied for any other purpose. /47. Sualgei oi the ;1,uir;o,ily.--The Authority shall prepare every year. such fonn and al such time, as may be prescribed by rules. a budget ir- resp, of the financial year next ensuing showing the estimated receipts a s e 1 Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 [ Secs 48-&2 CJ J e::penci1Wre of the Authority and shall forward to the Stale Government s.rch number or copies thereof as may be prescribed by rules. · ,~o . .f...1Jdi~.-{1) The audit of t;,e Accounts of the Authority shall be made by such person as may be appointed by the State Government. (2) Tho av.di! r,hdl be made in such manner as may be prescribed by rules (3) The auditor shall suomlt his audit report to the Authority and shall iorward a copy thereof lo the State Government ?:·. Anm,al Repori.-The Authority shall prepare for every year a ,~part .of i,~ activities during that year and· submit the report to tho State Gov(p, nment in such form and on or before such date as ma~, be prescribed by rules. rn ~~ ~o. "ft~;-:,~d.'J ~~:!,&?~· ~. <imr ~ift ~~~ i!r.11 ~:J"R9 ~\~ '": ~ f ·~u.f.c.:.w 1•i..i0 -!lf&~ <-~ ~ " ~ 1 ~ ' :),'ill~fi -"i,' l"l"'r ~<>~m- .~. G . S .. \. . ~I~~ -~ ' '?ilffl" ~ ' ~ j 'i:f'- ,. t ; l , , ~i'b.. . -~~, ~:ih- ~c!il ~ ~ -~ ~ ~ 31~ c.r, 'fu."lll· ~ atk ~~ ·::-:-..:i~q::;ir::'· ' iii"ifll' ~- f.r-wr "i;S ~~ m· 3~ Glff'.f ~ f~ra:.r ·m--.,;;- -~ 3~ ~n ~-~tr~-~~.-. -~t-1~i I Commer.is and case-Iaw [illegal construction.-Tho proviso -to section 54 envisages notice of pro posed demo:ilion only to owners and not to individual occupiers or tenants ot the ' illegaliy constructed orerniscs proposed to be demolished. Srikrishnapuri Boring Road Vyapari Sangi1 vs. State of Biha1; 19S5 ('I) BL.JR 259 : ·1994 (2) PLJ8 418. ii iE well sottlqd that the High Court in exercise of its writ jurisdiction may ,1oi grani relief if that amounts to perpetuating an illega!ity. Occupiers of unauthorisedly constructed buildings have no locus standi to challegc action of demolition or illegallv constructed building. il:Jid.J vrn CHAPTIER SUPPLEMENTARY AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ;5't. ;::,,(.;fusion oi claim foll' fosing com1)ermaied ·)ot· iu1jwry.-No comoen saiion shall be awarded if and in so far as an11 property or any right or interest rr :rcln is alleged lo 00 injuriously al'fected by reason of the provisions o" this ,~c, or in consequence of the removal of any development war:. . urder Section . :3!" or Sectior 53. !.::=:. t~C:'!n@l1ies. -(1) Any person who whether at his owr. instance or at the instance oi any other person or any body (i:lcluding a local body. body corporate or a Department oi Government) undertakes or carries out any devclooment work i:1 contravention of the Regional Development Plan, the Ma.star Plan or the Zonal Development Plan. or without the permission, approval or sanction referreC: to in Sections 35 and 36 or in contravention of any condilior:s subject to which such perrrussion, approval or sanction· has been granted, shai! be punishable with. fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees and simple imprisonment for a term of one year and in the case of a continuing _o;1ence, with a turtner fine which may amend to five hundred rupees for every day during whic·1 such ortenr.e continues .::.i'ter conviction to ihe firs\ commission of tho offence. (2) A1y person who uses any land or building in contravention of the provi sions of Section t!--: or in contravention of any terms or conditions prescribed by regulations under the proviso·to that section shall be punishable with 'line which -·-' ---• '·- r-:.,~ .-.1,,~,.,..-cmrl r11noo,o ~nrl in thA C:PS8 of 2. continuinq offence, Secs. 53-54 J Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 I ~ with a futher tine rhich may sxtend to two hundred and fifty rupees to ver I day during which uUch offence continues after conviction for the first comm:s sion of the offence · (3) Any persot who obstructs U1e entry of a person authorisec undei ihe Ac to enter into or up0q any land or building or molests such psrson aftei surn ent11 shall be punishable with imprisonment tor a term which may extend to Sil months, or with 'ini:: which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both (4) Where such deve!opment is not discontinued in pursuance or trre oroe under sub-section 1) the Authority or a duly authorised officer of the Aulhorri) may require any police officer to remove the person by whom the developrnen has been commenced and all his assistants and workmen from ihe place o development within such time as may be ·specified in ;he requisition arid suer police officer shall comply with the requisition accordingly. 53. Prnhibotion oi' waiiev- suppllf ~mci mulliliclp.=.il ~utho1rliiias ~o g1v<a w..r~ e , ecnnection to r,iewiy constructed builclnngs.-Any aqsncy charged wiih 1t1E duty of supplying water and rendering such other services to buildings, or mstat rations in the development area or the·region, shall not give water conoectlor 01 such other services to any newly constructed building in the Development arsa or region or convert lo permanent domestic use any connection alroadv taker unless the application for such connection is accompanied by a certficate frorr the Authority or lhe local authority empowered to sanction building plans undei this Act; · Provided that temporary waler connection for non-domestic use may be · given if the application is accompanied by a plan.sanctioned by the Authority. Comma01is ancl case-1.:iw n [In terms or section 53 of the Act, is incumbent upon Muni«;:ipal Authorfty and other statutory agencies, which also includes the Bihar $tale Elflc'lricit~, E;loard, to act in conformity with the provisions of section 53 in respect ol water supply and or supply of. electrical power to newly constructed buildings in Munici· pal areas. The BSEB although governed by the Electricity (Supply) Act. is also bound to obey the command of other local laws such as ElRDA Act. High Courl may give .dlrections to Municipality as well as BSEB to act strictly ii) accord ance w:th provisions of section 53 in respect of granting now water supply and electric supply connections. Ranchi Regional Deve/opmont Authority vs. aanch, Municipal Corporation, 1995 (2) PLJR 340 : 1995 (i) BL.JR 572. Although the BSEB. while considering application for new electrical connec tion is governed by Central Acts, it .is also incumbent upon the,BSEB as well as the concerned Municipal Corporation to act in accordance wiili the mandatory provisions of section 53 of BRDA Act in matters relating to giving electrical a.nd water connections to newly constructed buiidings. F1anchi Regional Devotopmom Authority vs. Rarichi iV/unicipal Corporation, 1995 (2) PLJR 340.J 54. Oi"Dlerr o'i cleiY!o!i~ion oi loui!ding.-(1) Where any development or erec tion of a building has been commenced or is being carried on or has been com pleted in contravention ot ·:he Regional Plan, Masler Plan or Zonal Developmeni Plan or without the permission, approval or sanction referred to in sections 35,35, 37 or in contravention of any conditions subject to which such permis sion, approval or sanction has been granted, any" officer of the Authority empow <=>rArl h11 i~ in i·hi.~ hPh;:ilt m::111 in ;:irlrlitirm 'lo nm~Ar.1ition fh;:it mav hP in.c::iii'll'i'Arl ::JJ Bihar RC'gJonal Development Aulhoritv Ac~ 1 ~ 74 [ Sec t4 ur.dct thi~ Act. make an order briefly f.ic1tiny the reasons !1 ,erefor directing that c;t:ch erection or deveioprnent work shall be removed by demolition, filling or oth erwis<-> ov the -owner ii rereof or by the person at whose i,·,stance tho ercc.t,ori or ,1evG!onment work nae been commenced or is heing carried out or has been ,:;,::i,,,p!cied within a oeriod of thirty days from the date o t which a copy of tile order of removal has been delivered to lhe owner or that .psrson as may be specified in !he.order, and on his failure io comply wtth the order, ;my officer of 1he ,1\utho1ity may remove or cause to be removed the €rection or development work ar.d lhe expenses of such removal sha]] be recovered from the owner or ,,! !he person whoso instance the erection or dovelopme-u was r.omrnenced or wc1s being carried Qui or was completed, as arrears of land revenue : Provided that no such order shall be made unless t!,P owner or the person concerned has been given a reasonable opportunity to show cause why the or- der should not be made. · (2) /.,.ny person aggrieved by an order under sue-section (1) may appeal lo 2. Tribu!,81 constnuted under this Act against that order within thirty- days from the Gale thersot: und the Tribunal may after hearinq the parties to the appeal either :if!ow or c'rsrruss the appeal or reverse or vary the order or any par' thereof. (3; The decision ·of the Tribunal on the appeal and subject only to such ,:leGision U1e order under sub-section (i) shaf be final and conclusive. {4) The provisions of ihis section s~all be in -'lc'.dition to and not in deroqa f;on of 2n:i.' other provisions rel2ting to demolition ot ~uildings contained in any ,:':'.1,;;~ :2'.N for ths imr,i being in force. Comments 2 cas~·l2w l{Votice-P. ien;:n, of the building does not come within lhe purvlsw of the e,n::>ressior. "ownei or person concerned" to whom notice under section 54 is re quired to be given before an order under section 54 is passed. Moreover, where !~ie teicvunt statutory provisions warrant the exclusion of requirement of orio; no "ice and/or opporturuty of hearing the Legislature can provide for their exclusion. ~inly the owner a1 ·,d Builder of an illegal structure which is sought lo be demol :shed may raise objection and put forward such pleas as may be available in law. i~ privats contract between the tenant and the landlord cannot override the s!awlory provisions which justify order of demolition in the k::rgc; public interest in certain cases. Sri!rrishnapuri Boring Hoed Vyapari San9h vs. State of Bihsr, ·i995 (1) P!....JR 418 ,)::imoJi~ion.-An order of dernotition of cxistinq structure cannot be said to bs sostalnable where the impugned order had been passed on the ground that t!ic structure was unauthorised but the notice in terms of sub-section (i) of sec o4 tion had bse: , served on a person who was neither the owner nor the person recorded as the !ax payer of the holding on which the altege!y unauthorised si.ucturo had been constructed, in the records of the Municipal Corporation. Order being, ill&gal is liqble to be quashed: However, High Court gave liberty to PROA :0 i·11iiate a fresh proceeding and proceed in the matter a;ter proper service of vs. notice in ierms of proviso to section 54 (1). Shyamrist1i Singh State ot Biner, :095 (2) PLJR 39. . ·• .. ~~•;.-.n., ~Q .::inrJ 54 read witi, Rule 9 of Appendix-I, of the .. _ ...... u...---.rtcu"i Sec. 54] · Bihar Regional Development Authority Act • 971' r 39 Patch-work. repair or alteration done in 01c rxlstinq bu,lding cannot be saic' lo materially affect the external appearar-: 01 -uch a builrling. The requiromsr-' of "set-back" is not applicable 1'1 case of houses built prior lo enactment of la,-•2 prescribing such reouiremsnt r; ts »roper that post facto sanction of th~ Juild ing plan be considered by ths concerned Authority. 8udhist Kumar Pumev vs, Patna Regional Development 1'11thori:y, 1991 (2) Pl.JR 398. Action under section 54 for demolition can tie iaken even if a building )Ian had received sanction or deemed sanction if the buiklinq plan is no! in contorm ity with the Draft Master Plan or the Master Pinn. Srikrishnapuri Baring Hoea Vyapari Sangh vs. State of Bihar, 1995 (i) PUR 418. The prlnciple or waiver connotes issuance ot notice :.:nci non-response there to. A person who does not make any representation inii1ally on issuance of no tice cannot be permitted to turn around, after a Development Scheme reaches finality, as it would amount to putting premium on dilatory and dishonest conduct. Jsswent Singh Mathura Singh vs. Ahmedabad Municipal Cotponuion, 1992 Supp (1) sec s. The notice contemplated in section 54 is required to be issued only 10 ·ihc owner and not to the tenants occupying tho building, as they bad no role to play in the erection of the offending structures. Only the owner is liable to be pros ecuted for the illeg?! structure. The term owner also includes "the person con cerned for purposes of issue of notice under section 54-. The doctrine oJ reason· able expectation has no application as a private contract between landlord and tenant cannot override the statutory provisions providing for demolition oi mega! structures. Sri Krisbnsptui, Boring Road ,Vyapari Sangh vs. 8tate of 3ihar, ·1995 ('1) PLJR 418. Under sub-section (2) ot Section 54, any person aggrieved by an order under sub-section 1) of section 54, may prefer an appeal to the Tribunal const ituted under the Act within thirty days from the date o'. the order. The :ribur.a may after hearing the parties either allow or dismiss ihe appeal or reverse 01 vary the order or any part thereof. However. once the order of tho PROA ha;, attained finality, the PROA must give effect to its own earlier order for rer"tova of encroachment from public land. Suroma Pal vs. Patna Regional Deveiopmen Authority. "994 (2) PLJR 672. The High Court deprecated the failure of PROA authorities to give efft::ici i, its earlier order for demolition of unauthorised construction over public l"'.,c~. Th< High Court also i:c sued a writ of mandamus commanding PROA to give eftec to its own earlier order. ibid. Demolilior . ·Whore unauthorised constructions are demolished on ,he fore, of the order of Courts, the illegality is not taken care ot fully inasmuch as !h, officers of the statutory body who bad allowed the unauthorised construclio be made or mal<e illegal allotments should not be allowed to go scot-free. Officers must be punished in accordance with law. Or. G. N. Khajuria vs . .'Je/J sec Development Auth, vity; {1995) 5 762 !:1wiromne1r1t. -Where a large hotel had beon constructed without props approval of "buildin(• plan" being obtained, and later application of hole: owcor fc exemption from operation of statutory restrictions allowed at the Chief Minister' level after overruling the recommendations of the statutory authorities, the 1-!ig Court may strike down lhe grant of exemption as being arbitrary and ciroct dernc litinn nf unauthorised construction. Supreme Court declined to. interfere with Hir 4 (I j 8i:1ar Regior.al Development Authority Act, if /'l. ( Sec. 54 ms Gour:·s order in e..x ercise of power under Arucls of the Constilution. Pleasant Stc1\f Hotel vs. Palani f-Jif/s Conservation Council, 1996. (1) PLJR 24' (SC). Before demofition PRO/\ is to issue general notice to the house owners o• 1112 area where ii proposes. to Increase the width of the road .. After notice a fi"l0i,surement has to be dcne and title deeds, maps etc. s tc be verifiev,(the presence of the party concerned. Pral<ash Kumar Singh v:,. State of Bif)c,r, 1997 (1j ?L.JR 21 0: 1 t,"' orcer demolition given after firinl verification of sanctioned pian and cie-11.::-;fon founc' in the actual construction work done. Builders arc not to obioct !O ihe de'Tlolition of such structure on the mere ground that the b1Jilding was 2llo1Ned to be constructed provisionally. Arun Kumar Mukiwrjee vs. Stale ot EJi/721: 199: (1) PLJR 369. 1 In cases ot cu npouncanle deviation in const uclior from the sanctioned ,na!:i tno PROA rnav exercise its discretion but in cases where the deviation is not compoundable .·,e PROA will not direct t~e builder rot •o construct. Awn Kumer ll!wki'wrjce vs. State of Bihar, 1997 (1) PLJR 359 ,\ tenant has no locus stendi to raise an objeciior. of a demoliticn 0'1 a :x1ilciirig b'Jii1 or- a non sanctioned plan. Only those tenant can raise objection •,'l,gains'c demolition wherein the construction has been done urtder the sanctioned :>fan or v,,;1ore th,:; c v,strution has been made by due permission .. Sisir Kumar .J2in· vs. P.C{OA, 'l 99L {3) PLJR 676. . Dernoiition of boundary wall has been done without qiv'ns proper arc prior :-,ot:-:;.s- :.if hearinJ. Sqch action of the authority is against ttJe ,aw. Appropriate writ i.t:sued dirocti11g the auihorities to construct and repair the ::>illc._75 and tho bound ;:i,,:' ary walls or co,s. of construction along witl, compensation for the mental pain and agony suncred by the petitioner .. Permottem Pd. Singh vs. State of , Bi!1a1; '1999 ( ! ) PUP 708 .. T!10 authorities are to remove t11e illegal construction where ,:,e cwna does .;,o2 remove the same .. The owners are not liable for any compensation fo~ such dernoiiiion. Patna Bnsoct) AG Oiiice Housing Co-Opt. Society vs. State of Bihar, ·1999 (1) PLJr-l 71 ·1. There is 2 dirt.ronce between a house constructed without a sanctioned plan and one constructed after obtaining sanction. This section empowers for or · demolition 2. building built without permission. approval or sanction of '.he au thorities. The provision do not empowers the authori.y lo divest the owners ot his ·m:e to the land. fhe order of the authorities to the owners to surrender strips· 'of !ancl is without jurisdiction. Gauri Shankar Verma vs. State of Bihar, 1999 (3) PLJR 8i9. . The direction o; the authorities to the tenants/shopkeepers lo remove their b8iongings within 72 hours in· a case of demolition can no: be applied with ln case of owners. Monen Kumer Singh vs. State of Bihar, 2000 (3) ?LIR 243. i.!\iilern the authorities or any other statutory bodies wish to wide1 •1a lane '.hi:: m1ly course open are either to persuade the owner to voluntary surrender or .:;cq'..li:·e ,he necessary strips of land or on payment of compensation in accord snce w;lh law. . Manorama Devi vs. State of Bihar, 2000 (i) PLJR 170. iVi<=>mh1 rnil1ino red mark on H1e buildinq bv the authorities can not be said r 41 Sec. 54] 3ihar Regional Development Authority Act 1974 not mere a formality its object is to rnake the person aware about action to be taken. IV/ohan Kumar Singh vs. State of Biner; 2000(3) PLJR 243 Putiing of the red mark on the buildin~ about three years ago and g;v;ng no opportunity to oxpla '1, action taken holds no rneaninq in :he eyes of !avv. Mohall Kumar Singh vs. Srate of Bihar; 2000 (3) PLJR 24.3. - where the 'louse has been constructed on the basis of a duly sa,:c tioned plan, it cannot be demolished even if it is situate on a road or lane of . width less than 2011.- -Authority if they wish to widen such lane have ei\11er to get land from the owner by his volunteer surrender or resort to acquisition oy paying compensation- no forcible demolition permissible. Smt. Manorama Devi vs. State of Bihar, 2000 ("I) PLJR, HO. - a tenant cannot claim hoarinq by the authority before passing order of demolition 1J/s 54. vivek Arora vs. Patna Regional Development Authority, 200·, (2) PLJR 798 - building pla,1 sanctioned in which existing structure shown in set back -eJdstin!J structure in the occupancy of tenant who were knowing about the plan -demolition order of such portion is valid and. cannot betermed as a pica to evict the tenant bypassing the B.B.C. Act. Vivek /vora trs. Patna Regional De velopment Authority, 200i (2) PLJR 798. - Authority is a creature of the statute -ii has a legal obligation 10 per form certain functions specified i.n the Act, but those functions must be per formed in the manner laid down in the ~.ct and al! its action must, theratore, conform to the provisions of the Act and it is not free to act beyond the param eters of the statute and in a manner not sanctioned by the statute. Smt. Sudha Devi vs. State of Bihar, 2002 ( 4) PLJR 278 - a person who is strictly aggrieved· within. the moaning of this section, can only seek remedy-petitioner's house not adjacent but separated by 4-5 houses held not aggrieved. Ramesh Chandra Agrawal vs. Patna Regional Oev.Aufhority,2002 (3) PLJR, 80i - claim that demolition taken up on Fraser Road on the .basis of court's order dt. "17.7.2002 in Arun Kumar Mulcherjee's case -directions in the Court's order 'nowhere gave .sanction to the Authority to act in a completely lawless manner for the removal of unautliorised constructions - Authority lhemselves gave assurance to the court in that case that they will start removal of unau thorised constructions itself and they will proceed with the matter within tour days- their assurance and court's direction do not even hint that the Authority was free not to follow the .procedure prescribed by the law and to act in a man ner as it pleases. smr. Sudha Devi vs. State of Bibet, 2002 (4) PLJR 273 - notice published in the newspaper fo<ing the very next day and time for the .owners of the buildings on Fraser Road to keep ready tne maps sanctioned for inspection and those not complying or not having sanctioned plans it would be presumed that their structures arc unauthorised and action · would be taken to remove them -such an action of the Authority does not conform to the provi sions of Section 54 - no reasonable opportunity to show cause is given--no order in writing under sub- section (i) of. section 54 passed nor period of thirty days lo take, the order in appeal given --"7""a reasonable opportunity to show --··---11 : ....... _;_ ..... ....,..,,.... ..... ,....,,... ,......~ ""'~ ,.,'"'r!Av ~f r11n'V"\tJ•:..t I rl.arnnli1i~n 11/c: ~A /il \nrhi'rh ,J.2]. Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 , Se-::. 55 naturally Include a proper notice to the concerned person uh, 67 a general notice does not ineei the requirement u/s 54 as per which a proceeding r,an be initiated on tho basis ot ;i notice addressed to ihe conc-r-ied individual owner ' occupiec- ll 1erefo;e, a public notice cannot be said to be an effective substitute for an individual notice=- however, instantly even the statutory provision «, I suance of a public notice (u/s 68) (for other matters mid not for a procr ,~ditt , vle 54) wz.s not properly complied with. Smt. Sudha 00111 vs. State of 1har. 2002 (4) PLlR.218 Section 54 r/w oroviso 2i .2 of Modified Building 8y8 taws- multi-storeyed apartment constructed after rnal<ing major deviation from the sanction. plan- ag2ii1ist sanction to build upto the height of 6 floors. construction were made upto the height of nine floors- the provisions made in the bye laws either about. !'luor area ratio or thA area and height limitations are not without significance - 11'",ar;c provisions have been made after taking into consideration various factors rn~e density of population. state of availability of inlrastn .cture and also potential for development- !he front set back available instantb is sufficient only for a ou!idin!J of heighl of 21.0 mt. while the construction 01 ihe building had been made more than 31 mt. tor which front set back wc:..s inadequate -the devia '.ion2/ shortfalls cannot be met oy acquiring adjacent land since the front and set -backs, of lhe building would not change oven on obtaininq land to rear of the buildin9 in question -impugned order for depositing condonation/ compounding iee and also to remove deviations I meet shortfalls upheld Mis Seket I-lousing Uc'. vs. Patna ,qogional Dev Authonty, ~003(L!) PLJH, 832 Section 54 r/w proviso 10.2 of Modified Building Bye Laws- construction oi' muliistoreycci buildina made after making major deviation from the sanction plan - proviso i 0.2 of the bye laws would not give protection from demolition of ihe portion of the building beyond sanction plan since the provision is appli cable only in case where them has been minor deviations. Mis Seke; Housing Uc}, vs. Patna Regional Dev. Authority, 2003 (4) PLJR, 832 - demolition of portion beyond sanction plan of a multi -storeyed apart ment constructed dter making major deviation from the sanction plan -allottee~ oi the apartmea: have no vested righ, in the matter and their interest am· iargGdy linked with the builder - even considered othorwiso, if ihe structures have been illegallv constructed and order u/s 54 of the Aci is justified, it makes no dif:'erence whether the premises are self occupied or am tenanted premises. Mis 8aket Housing Ltd. vs. Patna Regional Dev. Autho~ity, 2003 (4) PLJR, 832.] 5'.). 1:mencr~:,, bv cornpanies.e--It) If the person committing an offence un der this Act is a .ompany. eve1y person, who at the time the offence vvas com miitcd, was in charge of, and was responsible. to the company for ihe conduct of the business o, the company, as well as the-company shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordinqly . Provided that nothing contained in ihis sub-section shall ;ender any such · person liable 1.0 any punishment provided in this Act if he proves that the ot fence was committee without his knowledge or that he excrclsec 211 due dili gence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section Cl) v11here an offence , ,nr1.,,· thi<>- Ar.t has been committed by a company and it is proved that the - -c -·· ;,..., ""-~l"ih1 ,t~hlo Secs. 56-58 ~ [lihar Regional Development Authority Act. i97L [ 4~ to any negiecl on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officflr of ttie company, such director, manager, secretary or othr r officer shall ilso ue deemed to be g11i!ty of that offence and shall bo liable It be proceeded. aqa.nst and punished accordingly. _ En:planaU011.- For the purposes of this section (a, Company's mean., a body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals and (b) 'director' in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm. Comments /Jt case-law [Director Chairman or General Manager of a Company or Partner of a !· rrm are vicariously liable for the offence committed by the Company or Firm unless he or they establish their innocence. Mahmud Ali w,. Ste!e of Biher; 1986 Pl JR 123 (FB). Burden of proof is on the Director, Chairman or General Manager o~ the prosecuted Company or Partner of prosecuted Firm to establish their personal innocence. Sadri Prasad Gupta vs. State of Bitisr, 198n PLJR 246 (FB).] 56. Hries when rrt'l~lisec1 to be p;,iiri to Authoil'ity.-AII fines realised in connection with prosecution under this Act shall be paid into the funds oi the Authority, 57. Composltion oi olifences.-{1) Any offence made punishable by or u;, der this Act may, either betors or after the institution oi proceedings. bo com pounded by tt,e authority or any person authorisoc by tho authority by genera! or special order in his behalf. (2) Where an offence has been compounded, ihe offender ii in custody, shall bo discharged and no further proceedings shall be taken agai'ls1 him ir, respect of the offence compounded. 58. rnrec1rior. to the owner or other persons to provide amenities foil ing which ar.af!hoa-iilf to proviOjiF.l amenities ftself a nd recover cost-(·!) 1·: lhe authority after hoiding a local enquiry or upon report from any of its officers or other information in its possession, is satisfied that any amenity which. in the opinion-of tho Authority, is -to. be provided for any land in a development 2ore;;: or any area other than a development area, has not been provided for such land or that any development of the land for which permission, approval or sanction has been obtained under this Act has not been carried 01 !l, it may, after ;}tiording a reasonable opportunity to show cause, serve upon the owner of tue land or upon the person responsible for providing tho amenity or cam;ing out the devei opment, as the ~ase may be, a notice requiring him to provide tho amenity or carry out the development within such time as may be specified in the notice. (2) ff any such amenity is not provided or any such development is not carried out within t~ie time specified in the notice, then the authority may iiseli provide the amenity or cany out the development or 'rave it provided or carried out through such dgency as it may deem fii : · Provided that before taking ~ny action under this sub-section -the aulhori1)1 shall afford reasonable opportunity to the owner of the land or to the person responsible for providinq the amenity or carry out the devoloprnent to show cause as to whv such action should not be taken. (3} All expenses incurred by the authority N the agency·employed by ii ir providing the amenity or carrying out the dovelopment, together with interest ·i.-orr ,,_ -'-• - ....... ~- n rlnmnnrl fnr th,:, 01rn,:,n_c;ps is marle until oavment al such rats .f!. L~] Bihar Regional Development Aut iority Act, '1974 [ Secs 59-60 as the Stale Government may by, oroor we, ~imll be recovered by the a1,thon!y Irorn ihe owner or the person responsible for providing th ' amenity as arrears or !::1nd revenue. '.i.'3. f-,:::,,Noi· ir;if fur..i authoritV to re~uirra local aui:hovi~y to assume respen c,, oi!iiHt/ ·:.<.;w~:;:iin CE:1(;;'3s.-("1) When ·the execution ot scheme within the frame v.rorl, of ~he Master Plan or th::o Zo.121 Development Plan or Regional Develop rnent Plan has been completed by the authority, the authority may, by a written notice, ask the local authority to take over the maintenance o1 roads. parks, amentH~s and of the sewerage, drainage. water-supply, lighting and conservancy sys1ems of any other urban or agricultural infrastructure comprised within the schemes and, if the •ocal authority fails, to cornplv with the notice within one year of the date of the service of such notice, such roads, otc. and system :shall ba deemed to have vested in the local authority who shall thereupon be responslole tor the maintenance of such roads, etc. and systems. (2) If any difference of opinion ansss between. tile authority and the local ali'1ho1ify in respect of any matter referred to in sub-section (t) the matter shall 0~ i-e?eacd 10 1he State Government whose decision thereon shall be c;na'. GIJ. t·'•.J!l'.'GG' oi t:11,,i m.iithonty to levy )lefrtermeni ch~r1.1.:,:.s.-(~) Whe•e, in H~(:J opinion ot the '-ll llhorily, as a consequence of any development having been executed by the authonty, in any development area, the value of any property in ·1.h-s:1 area or in any area other than the developmeni area which has been ben &fiteri b11 il1e development has increased. er will increase, the 'authority shall with (10 consent of Slate Government, be entitled to levy upon the owner of the pro;::eriy ot any ::i~rson having an interest therein a betterment charge in respect - ot the increased vnluo of the property resulting :rem the execution of the devel vp:'1em: Proviccd tnat no betterment charge shall be 'ovied in respect of lands owned by the Government, a local body or body corporate within the develop mem area of the authority; Provided further that where any land belonging to the Government. a local authority or a oody corporate has been let out by tho Government, the local any authonty or the body corporate to person, then that land and any building situate thereon c:h;;:11 be subject to a betterment charge under this section. {2) Such betterment charge shall be an amount in respect of any property situate in a development area, equal to one third;

and ;n respect of the property situate in any other area not oxceedinq one-third of 1110 amount by which the value rn the property on the completion ot the execution oI the development scheme estimated as if the property where cost oi building exceeds the value of ti1e property prior lo such execution flStimaied in. like nanner Provided iha: in levying betterment charge on any property under clause (2), tho authority shall have regard to the extent and nature of benefit ar.cruing to ~he property from the development and such other factors as may be prescri . oed by rules made in this behalf. Comments cass-law ~1 [Developrnc nt Authority may charge allottee of land or housing unit the price prevailing on the date of communication of the letter of allotment. It is al- .. •. • ., --"-- +n .-.nr-nnt fhP nffp, jf the price does not suit , Secs. 61-62· J Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 I -15 Though tho regulations and bye-laws in respect of buildings, are meant to serve the public interest. but ai the same time ii cannot be held that m all cir cumstances the authorities entrusted with the demolition of unauthorised con structions have exclusive power to .he absolute exclusion of the powor of !he court. in some special cases· where 'jurisdictional error" on th& pari of the G3r poration ls established, a suit shall bP maintainable. Accordingly : (1) The court should not ordinarily entertain a ~wt in connection with the proceedings initiated for rJcmolition. by the Commissioner in or terms of Section 343 (1) the Corporation Aci, The court should direct the -persons aggrieved to pursue the remedy before lhe appel late ·tribunal =nd tnen before the administrator in accordance with the provisions of the said Act. . (2) The court should entertain n suit quostioning the v<llidity of an order passed under Section 3"13 of the Act, only ;f the court is of prims facie opinion that the order is nullity In the eyes of law because of any jurisdictional error" in exercise of the power by the Commis sioner or that the order is outside the Act. Shiv Kumer Chadha vs. Municips! Corporation of Deihl, (1993) 3 sec 161.] . Si. Assessment of betterment eharqe by authorit)t.-(1) When it appears to tho authoriiy that any particular development scheme ts sufiiciently advanced to enable the amount of the betterment charge to be determined, the authority may by an order made in ,his behalf, declare that for the purpose of delcrmining the bettennent charge the execution of the .scheme shall be deemed to have been completed and shall thereupon give notice in writing to the owner of the property or any person having an interest therein that the authority proposes to assess the amount of the betterment charge in respect of the property unosr Section bt,. (2) The authority shall then assess the amount of betterment charge pav able by the person concerned after giving such person an opportunity to be heard and such person shall, within three months from the date ot tho receipt of 'the notice in writing of such assessment from the authority, inform ihe aufhorriy by a declaration in writing that he accepts the assessment or dissents from it (3) When the assessment proposed by the authority is accepted by the ·person concerned within ihe period specified in sub-section (2) such assessment shall be final. (4) If the person concamed, docs not agree with the assessment or does not furnish the required information within the specified period under sub-section (2), the cost shail be determined by the Tribunal in the manner provided in Section 61. Comments £ case-law [The expression "shnll be heard" means granting an opportunity or personal hearing to an assessee and not merely allowing the presenting of a review ap plication to be considered by the members of the Review committee in assossse's absence. Jaynarayan Prasad Jalsw.al vs. Commissioner of Ranch! Municipality, ·1986 PLJR 943.] 62. SeWeme:,nt oV betterment charges .oy ths Tribr.Jnail.-(1) For the deter rnmauon of the matter, .reterred to in sub-section (4) of Section 60 tho Authority shall refer the malter to the Tribunal or Appeal as specified in Section 89. 4 6] Bihar Rcgiona1 Development Authority Act, 1974 [ Secs. 63-67 (2) The Tribun2.I s;,ell follow such procedure as rr~y be prescribed tiy rules made m this bohalt. \2-3. Pa:y;,".ent oU rosuem1er.i i;harges.- (1) The bf'tte1 ment charge leviBd un der this Act shall be payable in such number of instalments and such instal ments shall be payable at such time and in such manner as may be Irxed by regulations made in this behalf. (2) Any crrear of betterment charge shall be recoverable as ar- arrear o, lc.1ncl revenue. ~- r,'lcd0 o1 recovery ot money dr..1e ~" l\uth-or;i~ by !occ:.l authority k;r s;:•G..::i.:il fl!,(:)O_sos.-(1) Any money due .o the Autho;ity on account of fees or charges or proceeds of disposal of lands, buildings ·or of ier properties moveable or immovable or by way of rents and profits may, if lhe mode or recovery there of is no, expressly provided for in any other provisior oi this /kt be recovered by ths Authortty as charqo oi".land revenue. (2} The Authority shall be deemed to be a local authority within the maanirg of rne Bihar and Orissa General Clauses Act. ·1917 {8 & 0. Act I of !91. ') for ti'le purposes of the Bihar Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, i94-7 (Bihar Act !II of ·,947))1. the Bihar Money-Lenders Ad,i938 (Bihar Act T of ·rn38,)F the Bihar and Orissa Local Fund Audit Act, 1925 (8ihar and Orissa Act 11 of 1925) and the Local Authorities Loans Act, 1914. (Csntrai Ac~ IX of 1914). Gti. C.,;,ntrol toy Staia Gio11e1..-,ment.-('i) rho State Govem.nent may set aside any resolution of the Authority qr ,'ny order of tho Authority, the Chair man, the Vice Chairman or any officer of tho Authority, if in the opinion of the Stare Govern, ,e: it the resolution or order is in excess or the power conferred b!f law. (2) The State Government may issue direction to the Author'ty o i matters or g:=mcral policy. comments 8. case-law [Government is bound to act in accordance with principles o; natural justice before exercising its statutory power to set asks any resolut.on of the Trust or an order ol tho Chairman of 'tile trust. A notice has to be given b}, the Autnority to a person who is ;Jrejudicially affected by the order whk:h is ultimately made. sury« Vijay Sino11 vs. State of Bihar, 1960 BLJR 1065: AIR 1970 Pat. 2i3.) i~e. \:Ji;,~1.wns.-The Authority shall furnish to ihe state Government such re perts, returns and other informations as that Government may. from time to time. require G7. '.:,Gi'lJice Oi notice, etc.s-Every. notice, order 'er other document required by this Act or .any rule or regulation made thereunder shall be signed by tho Secreiary of the Authority with its common seal and shall be deemed to have been duh, served upon the party or parties concerned if the service hcl,; been in eH€cied any one of the following manners · (i) f3y personal service : (ii) By registered post : (iii) 8y affbong it at the house or the principal place or business of the pariy concerned as the case may be : l , Now se o Act 4 of 1983. Secs. 68- 73 ] Bihar Regional Development Author-v /\ct, 1974 47 I (iv) By publication m one prornment Hindi and one Er,gi1sh daily newspa par published. wlthm the area of !he Auihority in their two consecutive issuer Provided that- (a) lr1 case the party to be served is a registc red company, a firr of partnership. a body corporate, a local autho;ity, a society or other body it shall be served upon the principal cificer of the said fi~ . or organisation as determined by the Secretarr· of the Authority in his. discretion and il shall then be deemed to hc'VfJ been duly served on each director, partner or member of tne said firm or orqamsanon: (b) in case the party to be served is a minor or a lunatic ii shall .:oe served upon his guardian as detonnined t,y the Secretary, or lhe ALrthority in his discretion (c) the manner of service mentioned eithor in sub-clause {iii) or sub clause (iv) above shall be resorted to only utter attempt at service either under sub-clause (i)or sub-clause (ii) has (ailed. GS. Puofic nctlce to be ·I" writing signed by the Se=:reia!'y and se.;:]$!l ancl widely published! in the locality l:iy arn1,ing copies and by !::e:ai :,1 drum, bV publ s,ing .n local E~t;lish arid Hindi dai ~' newspapers.-Every public notice given undo, this Act shall be in writing under the signature of the Secretary of thr ,~uthority with its common seal and shall bo caused lo be widely known in the locality affected thereby affiJCing copies theroot at conspicu ous public places within the said locality and by publishing the same by b,}ai oi drum and also in one prominent local Enqlish and one Hindi daily newspaper in their three consecutive issues. · comments & case-law [Mere absence ot advertisement without any -deniat of the contrac. by the. authority would not make the suit defective al the lnslance of an outsider 011 tile plea of absence Oi advertisement. Absence of aoveruserrent is only 2. procedural omission which would not make the contract defective as it will be presumed that official act h,,_, been properly done. Bishwanath Prasad Verma vs. Bhagwa!' Pandey 1982 PLJl-i 424: 1982 .BUR 403.] 63. !\ioiices, ate. to 1ilr. reasonable time.-Where ar,y notice. order or other document issuerl or made under this Act or any rule or regulation made thereunder require anything to be done for the doing of which no time hes been fixed in this Act or the rule or regulation, the notice. order or other document shall specify a tims not" less than one week for doing the same. 70. Authen!·ication of orders end documents of 'i:he Authoorfit)!.-A!i permissions, orce, s, decisions, notices and other documents of the authority shall be authenticated by the signature of the Secretary to the Authority or any other officer auihorised by the Authority in ihis behalf. 71. l'Vlembe, and offlcers to Mi public ser11;'.;Jni:s.-Every member and every officer and olner employee of the ~uthority shall be deemed to be a p: blic servant within the meaning or Section 2·1 of the Indian Penal Code (45 ol i 860.) 72. jurisdiction of courts to try oHences.-No court inferior to Iha of a Magistrate or the First Class shall try any offence punishable under this Act 73 SancUcr. ::rt prosecutlori=-No prosecution for any offence punishable under this Act, shall be instituted except with the-previous sanction of the Au thority or the Chairman or any officer authorised by the Authority or the Chair- 4 S 1 8itnr Regional Development. Authority Ac., 1974 ; Seen 7 4- Ii [No prosecution for any offence punishable under this Act shall '1e inst: tuted except Wl"1 ihe previous sanction ot th8 authority or the Chairman or any otner omcer at !-oriLe• ' by !lie autt xity or the Chairman on its behalf Any pros ecuiion launchc wrthout sanction is noi maintainable dnd the judgment and the sanction ii pas eo is ii lo. I )e s qs1de Mohan Thekur vs. The Stetc of Bihm 1999 (3) PLJn 388 . .Sections 80 and 81 -fb:ing of pay scales of the employees of the Author ity =-contro! of State Government over the Authoriiy-wide and pervasive and ·t wiH be difficult for Authority to take independent decision contrary to the dcci slon and directions of the Government -however, in 'lhe matter of 11J(mg the pay scale. the Acl vest power in the Authority to make requlation-> there is no re striction or. t.10 oxercise of this reou!aiion making power oxcopt that the rer.Jula· tions must bo consistent with tho Act and the rules 'made thereunder-if the statute vests power in the Authority lo frame sucn regulations then merely because par; o its fund comprise of grdnts etc. from !he Governmen:, would not make it dependent on Government so as ·10 bouno by its directive regarding pay scale. Prnmod Kumar Singh vs. PR.DA., 2002 (4} :->LJR, 616.] 7!.I:.. Prol,~ci:ion 01 action taken in gooC!l 1aith.-No suit, prosecution, or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person to anything which is in good f,:.!1h done or intended 10 be done under this Ac1 or any rule or regulation made thereunder, Comm:ent~ & C:<JSe-law [This provision does not protect a person who knowingly contravenes provi sions or he /\cf. A person who presisrs in erecting a wall inspite o: protests 'iron, Trust employees cannot be said to be acting in good faith. Af<in Nandi vs. State, 1964 BLJR 1,20.J 7::.. ;:·r:.W·"'.!t to cielegat~.- 'The authority may, by notification in the official Gc:.ze1ie. declare that any power exercisable by it or any of :ts officers under ~his Act, except the power Io make regulations. may also bo exercised by such officer or local authortty (or Committee constituted under section 9) as -may be mentioned therein in such cases and subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified therein, 7G. ~iiect oi other laws.-(1) The provisions of this Act. and the rules and regulations made thereunder shall have effect notwitristandinq anylhing inconsist-· ent therewith contained in any other law. (2) r\lotwithstanding anything contained in any such other ,aw develop -nent in any ;,rea in accordance with the provisions of this Ac'. or rules a'rc regulations made thereunder shall not be deemed to be unlawfully under taker or carried out by reason only of the fact that permission, approval or sanction required under such other 12.w for such development :1aB not been obtained. 77. Rostrricviori ov rower of a local auihority to ma~ic: rules, regulations or kllf«-1:=iws h, respect of certain matteil's.- Notwithstanding· anything con tamed in any law for the time being in force, no rule, regulation or bye-law which :s inconsistent with any provision of tho Act or any ·uie or regulation made un- • • :. -•--11 '--~ -·~·~1;~ .. htc ,.,;+hin vhr., ::m,;:i nolifind under sub-section (2) of Section Secs. 78-79 : Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 78. Notice to be given io suits •.. '.-fi). No suit shall be instituted again~1 ·1ri0 Autho~i1y or any member thereof or any of its officers or other employees or Pny person acting under the directions of tho Auihority or any member or any ofiicer or otho, employee of the Authority in respect of any action purporting to "lavo been done in pursuance. o. this Act or any rule or regulation made thereunder 1ill the expiration of two months from the date on whic.:h notice in wri1ing has r-:ieen · in tho case of the Authonty, 1e1t at the office .or place of abode, m the p"rsrm to be and unless such notice slate elcplicitly the cause o~ action, the, nature o. relief souqht, the amount of compensation claimed and the name and place of residence of the ir 'lding plaintiff and unless the p!aint contains a statement that such notice h, been so lofl or delivered. (2) No suil su r cs is described in sub-section {'1) shall unless i. I:,. a suit for recovery of unmovable property or 1or a declaration of tillR thereto, be instituted after the .expiry o' six months from the date on wi1ich th,i cause of action arises (3) Nothing contained in sub-section (1} shall be deemed lo apply to a suit in which the only relief claimed is an injunction of which the object would be defeated hy giving of the notice or the postponement of the insutu- tion of the suit. · Comments 8. case-laer . [Dispute over title and possession of land-a bonafide buyer of propsrty from an lmprover.er., Trust is not required lo prove ihat t'1e property offered Ior sale by the Authority belonged to the authority concerned. The onus, lies or. tho party who claims , itle and/or possession over the property and that burden has to be discharged by tha: party. Bishwanath Prasad Verma vs. Bhagwai' Pandey 1982 PLJR 424 · ·198.2 BLJR 403. Righi to notice s mandatory in nature, but it is always open to ,hn 3LJtl101ity concerned to waive its right to such notice. However. d1iB provision does 1101 afford any protection 10 any body else except the authority concerned and this plea cannot be raised by any other party on behalf of the concerned autnority, if it chooses not to offer any challenge, in this regard ibid.] 79. Ac1! not to apply to works which arfeci only the interio,· oi !ihe ltu.iilning .aindl d..:1 not fl1l11ateri.;illi, afi'eci lis int.em.nl appearances and to wor[.: carried out by local au;thority or corporation of th:.>' Govemm,mt ralating to raµairing or ,-enewing-c lrains, sewers, mains, pipes, cables, e'cc.-Nothinf; in this Act shall apply to- · (a} the carrying out of work to the maintenance, improvement or otner alteration of any building being works which affect only "(he interior of the ':Juilding or which do not materinlly affect thA external ap- pearance of the building: · (b) the car ying out by any local authority or body corporate or by 'lny department of Government of any work for the purpose ol 'nspsct ing, repairing or renewing any drains, sewers main pipes, cables or other eoparatus including the breaking open ot any street or other land for that purposes; • (c) the erection of 2. place of worship or a tomb or cenotaph or o; 2, walj enclosing a graveyard, place of worship, cenotaph ot ssmsor» on land which at commencement of this Ac.t is· lawfully occupied 5 O] 8:'.1m Region;:ii Deve 1 opmenl Authornv Act, 197.:. ' ~ ec 80 on{y :'or tho purpose oi such worship, tomb, cenotaph, graveyarJ or samaclhi: ProviJeJ that ·,he proposed erection and worl<s conform o ti '2.nd proposals contained in the Mc:1ster/Zonaf and Regional pl,:in:o and standard tor set back, height of the structures and percentage of buiit up area prescribed in the b:.iildi;ig requlations: (d) the excavations made in lhe ordinary course of agricultural opera tions; (e) the construction of unmetalfed road i11tended to give access to land solely for agricultural purpose. ~O. S;J&1fo~ Go11sruHru11en'i to ma!,s. rnlss.-{1l: The State Governrnent may, 1 bV noiification ·in the official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes of n-i;s Act. (2} Without prejudice to the genera.lily oi' tho foregoing power. such rules mn~r provide tor all or any-of the ~ollowlng matters, narnely- {a) the mariner of reconstitution and allotment of land plots, (b) t;1e salaries, ailowa.nces and conditions of service of the wholetims paid members of the Authority; (c) ihe stage by whichthe development of any particular features of a zone may be carried out: (d) tho form and conteni of ti1e Regional Plan, Master Plan and Zonal Development Plan and the procedure lo be followed in connection witil the preparation, submission and approvaf of such plans and the rorrn, and the manner of publication cf the· notice relating to any such plan in draH ; (e) the form and manner in which notice under Sections 21, 22 and 24 shall be published; . (i) the tee to be paid on an application for permission under sub-sec tion (3} of Section .36 and the fact and circumstances to be taken into consideration in determining. such foe; wrt:, (g) the manner in which Khasmahal lands shall be decdt after de velopment; (h} ,he procedure to be observed by the Tripunal under Section 61; (i) ·he tactors to be taken in to consideration in determining the rates of betterment charges in respect of property situate in any area: {i) he procedure to be followed by the Tribunal in the determination of 1ti0 betterment charges; (k) !i"te sum of money that may be kept in current account;. (l} !he procedure to be followed for bormvving moneys by way of loans or debenture and their repayment ; (m) ha form of tne budget of the Authority mid tho manner of prepar 'ng the ·same; or (n} !he rorm o, !he balance-sheet and statement accounts; (o} the form of the annual report and the date on or before which it Soc. 81 J Bihar Regional Development Authority Act, 1974 [ r.., (p) the manner of constitution ci the pension funds ;;11,d provident iu~cL for wholetime paid members and officers and other employees of the Au:t,orily and the conditions subject to which such funds rnav be constituted-, (q) any other matter which is required to be or may be prescnbed •:11, rules. (3) Every rule made under this section sha]! bo laid as soon as m;,.y be after it is made, before each Houso of the State Legislature whi!e i1 is in scs sion for a total period or fourteen days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions and if, before expiry otthe session in which li is so laid or the session immediately following, both the I-louses agree in rnat,bg any modification in the rule or both the Houses agree that the rule snouto not iJe made, the rule shail thereafter have effect -only in such moc'ified form or be of no effect, as the case may be, so however that any such 'rnodficatton orannul ment shall be without prejudice to the val.idity of anything previously done under the rule, · 8'1l. Power to make regulR~ions.-The Authorily may make regulatiom, cor: sistent with this Act and the rules made thereunder, to carry out ihe purpose of . this Act and without prejudice to the generality o' the tone-going power, such regulations may provido for- (a) the summoning and holding of meetings of the, Authority, ihe ,:me and place where such meetings are to be held, ~he conduct of business ar such meetings and number of members necessary 10 form a quorum thereat ; (b) the summoning and holding of meetings of a committee consti tuted und, Section 9, the time and place where such meetings are to i)e held, the number of members necessary to torro a quorum thereat and the fees and allowances payable to the members tor attendinq the meetings or any other work or ,h.e Authority; (c) the powers and duties of officers of the Authority-, (d) the salaries, allowances, gratuities and conditions ~t service of 1he officers and employees of the Authority· and disciplinary matters re- lating to them ; · (e) the procedure for carrying out of the functions of tho ,\uthoriiy un- der Chapters Ill, IV and V ; · (f) the manner of communicating the grounds or refusal oi permission for development ; · (g) the form of the register of appiicalion for permission and the par- ticulars to be contained In such register : (h) tile mancqemcnt of the properties of ths Authorii~, (i) the time .1nd manner of payment of bette'·menf charges, O) planninq standards, prescribing the building regu!ation, set backs, specifica 'ions. coverage. height restrictions, etc.: and _or (k) any. other matter which is required to be, be prescribed by regu- Bihm Flegionnl Development Authority Act, 1974 ( Secs 82 B!:> Cl-le,,PTEA m JAMAGE.S, LEGAL PROCEEDINGS' AND TRIBUNAL ::,2. Da ,_ '$C payable aner termlnatien of tenancy.--(1) Any person who, wi:hout any righi or written permission of the Authority, continues in possession or a buifdina or any part thereof belonging to the At..lhorrty after ierm1nat10n of tus tc11a11c1, in aspect to it shall bo liable lo pay darnaqe at a rate 'Gqua:I to three ~i:nes ';he r- e of rent payable immediately before tho termination o~ the tenancy until cielivo _ ot possession of the building to iho· Authority. (2) A_ny person who, without an)' right or written permission of the Au thoritv, continues in possession of vacant land of 1hP. Authority atter terminz at tion of his tenancy in respect of it shall be liable to pay damage the rate of :=ls 10 per one nundred square meter, per day until delivery of possession or 1he vacant land to the Authority. ~3. IJamagG f?cillf2ible by 21 tres,~ss~1.-Any person who takas posses sion of any land or building of the Authority without any right or written per mission of the Authority shall be liable to pay darnaqe at the rate of Rs. 20 per one hundred square meter per day in the case of land and Rs. 30 per one hundred square, meter per floor per day in the case of c: building. !'.:~. !Sffoci oi sul.olel:tirtg again£l i['T!s terms o" ten:ancv.-VVhere the ten ant sublets the building or any part or it in contravention of the ter ns of the tenancy, his tenancy shalt stand terminated with effect from the date of sub lol!ing ancl both the tenant and the sub-tenant shall be liable to pay dam &ges joiritlv and separately to the Authority at .: rate equal to three times the rate of rent payable for the building immediately before the termination until delivery of possession of the building or rhe part thereof to the Authority. ov Zfj, rru sults for recovery ·land or butlrlinrn and ter dom~3es court sf,o[I .::c:1rc~1lsi.:G damages u~ to the cmia o1 deliY~11f cf possesaion to the ~Gl.t!'1&-m,i11l;' in 1ll':ie mainuw:i" Jaivl do111m irn Orrdor 20, illuue 12 of Civil Proue •:.J•YG- (';oJcr,, H~0~.-(1} Whenever any suit is instituted for recovery of land or building in possession of any person without right. authority or written permission of the Authority and for damages the court shall pass a decree for dc:mages up to the date of recovery of possession of ihe land or the building, as the case may be, and the damages shall bo calculated in the manner laid down in Order 20, Rule 12 of tho Civil Procedure Code, ·; 908. ( 2) <X-1c\~1, \111,;,ru <rr~ ii' 11f?.a1,_<:"I ~in~~,- ,-fr W~fl'C{ "<t ~~a.z WW 3ftl'.i<71·x s .: mf'~ Cl'lH ~ <:zj'~ ~ 82. ·.83 ~ 84 ~ 3A'Tl'o m· mit, :i,c,,(-;ir:'; ("$;-ij-;;1} 'WJI~ ~ m;rq ?.-:i!'«-l/;7-~ '!JIV~ stffi mfr~ 3~ -qa:rf~Rl ~ ~- ci~ ~~ffi ~4 tiicc\'1,:.;·7 ~'~~~~~I ( s ) ··T~ <"'\\; WI ~ &$ ti~ i'R.li ~' ~,ITT' ~.· ~~ ~f.ii.ra' ~ -i,y ~ " .?=f1 ' c;~t '1ij .. j . . ~ G -1 r..e... s ~ 11 :°t"<. ~l ~l ~ ,;,m -- < - > . 1 . 1 : " . " , 1 o;;;f ~I~ - 3--:crffi" . " . 1 ... { . : , \ ,; I i ,.. < :,, ; .~ ~ ~I ( .,~ ) ( ~) ~ ~~ <Itrr:,mi_:r ~ WN~1,n 1r.u ~ o!l~ ~ ~o.~t·fl' ~.cdt;,; ..,.;'( ~Tf'~ ~ ~';f 7;J ~: ~·-~ffi-i' ~· 3'~ ~ ~ f, ~ -a;f<,m :YR\<:;11~ ..,~· ~11'1,-r m 9.:r,;J<'j' ii *'.ff~ w. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1' ~ ~ ~ o!ir4 JJI·, --- i.J( ~ Soc. 85 ~] Bihar Regional Development Authority Act 1974 r 53 {~) ~"f if ~'I" <.tt <SR~; i¥ ~ qR,iJ., ~ '1Q5H ~ v~.:rr lfmrr rc"{rm ~ ~ :arn~. ~.:rr ·f.:t~ 1956 ~ 7iire, <11> m~ cm vl1it-i "« ~ -l1f'11s@IUT q;)- ~ m r.&i14<iu_;1 ii~~ i1'!-P' ~ r;.RT mf~ ~ ~ll<,f;f'U -~i m~ vJi·l 3ffirn>•i'1f 3iF~ r.r ~ f.n.Tfm ~ <fil ~JT ~~I Wf~ ~ ~ ~{-~ffi c'i1q; 'X!.ftr "ff4$·11· ~ 3-,,"{ 3-lfcls>hiM ~ ~ -:m -~IT 'i;t 'funm° ~ "10 ~·>llU"f a.Tfm-f~-lf'l ·t q' -qft~~ I ~m ~ urr ~ ( <:!) mi'F~ ~ il1I" ~ WU ·A"f.:ra -~ 1im- "ITT <JI' ['i. ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ rcim ~.""(, ~ ~ ~ ~ ,~~ alilrf.r,.v-f, 19::6 ~ ~ ~ l:fftm .:tR "11ll•II ~crrn ( ~-) frj6• •l >j«-'{ ol?J"iT ~~li:};401 ~ c;;,9· ii' e;flf ·~ ~~ ~~ fui:-tfo&l; if ~&!BJ nl!tT ;rrf~rr ~ "Y-1f~ 3R ~fl1e11i.ff ~( .:~::.i1<:.iic--r•1 ~~~), Cornml'.mts and case-law [Ls2 o'i lanci-Wt'ere the land in question has been xept resorvsd loi· "Public or semi-public· purpose" under a comprehensive Development Plan by the Municipal Corporation the proposal to lease it for commercial purposes and benefit of a Registered Society cannot be said to be proper. The grnrr; of lease to a private organisation wilt be bad in law. II. Kashinath vs. State of Kemeteke. ·199,i:; (2) All PLR (SC) 332 .. Whore the Development Authority had neither refused to grant permis sion for sale to the Atlottoe nor taken any stops for exercisinq its option to resume the housing unit in terms of Rule 20 of PROA (Disposal of land) Rules, ·1978 tot over three years after filing of application for sale and issu ing a "No dues certificate" to the owner, it will amount to an implied waiver of the right for the exercise of option to resume the property. The sale of t11e housing· unit cannot be said to be in breach of lease o; any statutory provision. The buyer from the lessee cannot be said to be a trespasser or liable to be evicted. However, the transferee is not entitled to make an11 un authorised construction. Sanjay Kumar Singh vs. PROI,, ·1995 (1) A.!I PLR 338 : 1995 (2) PLJR 1.J ss-as, ~~v", ~J°\Qft"wrr· ~i~ WR~ ~itm· ~ ~~ ~- ~ ~ 3,frir ~~r ~ -m:.'i "@im ~ ~ <lS1T ~,.,_ o;;;r-~ '!:fr ~fuF? ftr::rr P,i~!J.l -qr mf~ ryft ~ -fu;;m ~Q~Hl <>fil ~·· ~.:t'IR-1 '?f clfura ~Thi ~ ~ -mf~cnh ~-;f -q· ~ "'{4~0:l, ~·Jffl'..f,.;m;fq~ ~ ar...u, ~, e:ku Vi w-~ ~. ~-~;_-7T'li ~, m-ilF-i~ ~. ~ -~ ~ Wi'i. ·vi"{ w~~1, ~. cfi"ffi, ~, -..rc;~, ~, <-~, ~, K~, ~ mt w 3,..,, .~ ~~ ~ T~ afh ~liZl"&f ~ fuim ~R ~~ ?,ii' ""~<>m -;;rt ~ a-;f~~ ~ ,3:r.::cj ·~i"f'.-1 i:fil~.,:·, ~ ~ <fi ~r-r es.- ~ ~ '%', f*u~ ~ ~-rr -~ feh.fll ~ ~ foJ~i_"f•>i· m ~r{"',~ 3-llz mm3ir ~! ciiT ~ ~ ~ fcnm q~ ftreiif~'; ii -3fll"a_:rr m ~ f.m o."[ "3lf ~w ir ~ 1"Erf.r~ a..~ cYi ~"ITTR" ~- ~ 1;!l -~r -..ir ~ ~ ~ ~ 1!fi.rn a{fu~ -~ "3« ~~ 7ilil' a:.':,,..,.,{"'"'"l ~' r E4J 8ih2r Regional Development Au~r.or:t}' Act, 19/4 Secs 86-88 Comments ~tll1- case-law [Vice-Chelrman of Development Autt_io,itv has power to get the encroach mont removed even withou! any prior notice and perrnit the taking of help of pohco for tne. purpose. Whore eviction notice was issued following passing of 01dsr of svlcnon, 11 cannot be contended ihat the notice must also furnish all G01c1it, of encroachment and defaults made by the .:.llegcd Encroacher The High Court also rejected the contention that · the act.on or Development Au ,nority in itaving ihe writ petitioners forcibly evicted amounted to an infrac tion, of their right to livelihood quarantced under Article 21 of the Constitu '.ion. :.-ri.shna :-;umar Sinha 11s. State of Biber, i998{;~)P LJR 481 1 ::::c. ,·;o:.ut-lioo f'.laim[,!e over certain sults.s--Nolwithstandinq anything to tile contrary contained in the Court-Fees Act, 1870 (VII of '1870), in its appli cation to the State of Bihar tho fee payable by ihe Authority in respect to the following suits and appeals arislng therefrom shell! b= :ittP.cn rupees irre spective of 1he value o'' the suit and ihe claim- (a) for declaration of title; (b) ior ceclaration ni title and recovery of possession o1 movable or immovable property: (c) for mcovory of rents, protits, damages, compensation charges and otner sums; (d} for sviction and recovery o1 immovable prope-ty and damages, compensation ano mesne orofits or rents, past and Iuturo: (o} · for injunction Comments 2:. case-law [0uly irnpo:-iod by the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (as rnodif:ed "rorn ·nmo to v- 1 lim0 in Its appuceuon to the State of 9ihar} not being payable in case of I l~oc·.1ments executed by registered co-operative societies, .the question ot ., . increase in stamp duty in accordance with Section 3S on value; of property i does not arise. Pettiputra Co-operetive House Construction Society Ltd vs. l 8;';;:,~s. 1977 3GCJ 75.J ~"i. fit, sMifcs for inj1..m,ction b~1 ll!lnAftho,iil,' comi: eiu,11, pasi. i&11erim· or .,r r!lc.:r k1jr.111,c·U :i,'l and issue ·show caius~.-- Wl~enevei" any suit tor, injunc tion to restrain any person from doing an act on lt.nd or building oi the Au ~horHy ~'Jhich h::> is not entitled or permitted to do is instituted, the Court shell on application by the Authority, pass ad interim orcer of injunction rastraininq the person 1rom doin~ that act and sh::il! issue a notice calling upon him to or show cause why it shall not be made absolute till the disposer the suit an::; a·;ier heari:1g the parties pass such order as i1 thinks ti.. and all provi ~}ons ot Order 39 of the 'Civil Procedure Code, 1908 shat' apply ~o the order. ~iJ,. P..iwc, ov Vficia-Ctmii'main tro 'i:he institution, ccrnpcslticn e11;. o( rs ::.:~.:ii 1.·,r,uc:..,,~r.Hn~Js ar11c1 orotaining leg~! adh,ice.-Tho Vice-Chairman may, on b€h:llf of :he At!!!'iority anc subject to control by L- (e) insiitute, derend or withcraw from leQal procaedinqs undo, this Act or any rule or regulatior made thernunder; (b) compound any offence under this Ac! 01· under, any other law for the '.ime being in force which may '.:>r: lawfully compounded by the Authority: (c) acrnit. compromise or withdraw any .:..leim rr-ade by or against /'I •. .1,:_,.. •••• , •• ..,t'\,..: Secs. 89-90 J Bihar Regional Doveroprnan, ,,u,11v,i-i· , ·~·, {d) obtain such legal advice and assistance as he ma~ 01 nno ,,:. time thin!< necessary or expedlent to obtain or as h bP o ..! sired by the Autrority to obtain for any of tne . purposes retBrrcd to in !he foregoing clauses of ihis section or for securing 'Ii lawful exercise or. discharge of any power cluiy vested in or nn posed upon the Authority or any officer or employee .Jf ~h· • a thority. . as. Cornstitution at Tribunal oi P,pp:e;al.-{:i) The lribunal of Appea, .:'i-::f consist ct President and lwo members. (2) The P.resident shall bs appointed b~, tho State GovernmEmi fro,,) ,'1~: cadre of District Judges of the Staie Superior Judicial Servica. (3) The State Government shall appoint two more persons as ra;em::i(,::. of the Tribunal one of whom may be a Civil Engineer :101 be!ow the rank of Suoerintending Enginee:· and the other may bo a ·c11an0red ·-1aluer or 2. C:,1H Engineer w'tn knowledqe and experience of-town planning and valuanor or properties. (4) ~he President and the members or the Trib:.;r:<11 shall 11old offic.;) C.:u· ing the oleasurs or the State Government. _ (5) All decisions oI the Tribunal in exorcise 61 i ::; appellate 2 rihoritv shall be final and shall not be liable to be questioned in any cour. or tS;i,1.r whether in a suit or other proceeding by way of appeal or revision. CommeJ'li:s & case-law [Apt:,ellaite Tribuinail.-The 'provisions of section 89 make ii clear iiFi. i--:0 Appellate Trtbuna! constituted under thi.s Act has to mandatorlly consisr of three persons, Ai1y decision by an Appellaie Tribunal nu'. constituted in 1mms of section 89 is liable to be set aside by the High Court and mmiited bac:, tor re-dlsnosal by the Appeilate Tribunal in accordance with iaw. Beieshv-e: Paswan vs. State or Bihar. i 994 (2) PLJR 353.J 00. Tho Tri!:.?Ur..;'JI to navs powers o1 2 Civil Com"L.-Tlle Tribunal ~ha:I for. the purpose of determining any matter referred to thom, have the same powers es are vested in a civil court under tho G-Ocle o, Civil Procedure, 1908 when tryi_ng "' suit, in respect of the "following matters, narn0iy--- {a) summoning and enforcing the attendance ~ii any person and' C'{ amir,ing him on .oath: Co) requi;ing the discovery and production of documents ; (c} administennq to any party to a proceeding before the Tribu;,ai such mterroqatcnes as .may, in· the opinion of tile Tribunai, be necessary. Comments & case- law . [Even administrative actions are_ not out of the scope of prlnciples of natural [ustica- x' '. Sephard vs. Union of India, 1988 (i) SU ·105. Admission made in pleading cannot be dissected. Unlike the ioslirr?ony of a witness, it may be accepted as a whole or not at all. Govemini; Oody vs. Padmanabha fJadhy, 1988 (2) SLJ ·j 80. The strict standards applied io authorities exercisinq judicial power ::110 being increasingly applied to administrative bodice for it i:c; vital to i\-a mair-tenance or 'ho rule of law in a welfare State. The jurisdlctton 01 !. - :, - r - .: ~ , , J Bihar !=legional Development Authority Act, 1974 [ S"C 91 acmintstratlve bodies is increasing at a rapid nace. Therefor€. thr ms1rumenialilies of lhe State should discharge their function ill a talr and j•)st manner. Justice must not onl3, bo done but must appear to bo Jone. i\/kire likoli:1ood of bias alfecting the Hecisions of Authority or Court is objectionebte. Manmoftan Lal Bhagat vs. State of Bihar. 1988 PL JR 12 11' there is a violation of the principles of natural justice, any order tl'::isseci thereafter becomes a nullity. No appeal or revision lies trorn an order w:1~~1: is a nunity. The detect 'caused by denial of opportunity of hearing can not, therefore be cured by the appellate or revisiona, authonty providing the opporiunity of hearing denied earlier. Gaenstiyem Pandit vs. Commissioner, 'lSB3 PLJR ·140. ' Statutory tunctionanes under Municipal Acts must confine their jurisdic tion within the four corners of the statute. Dumraon Properties and Enter prises (P) Ltd vs. State of Bihar, 1989 PLJR 32. In an application for conoonation of delay, them roust be some atternot to explain the cause for such delay. Union of India vs. Tete vodoqswc Ud. 1989 PL.JR (SC) 5.J CH. t:;ai, i ... jti,is1iction oif Civil Com1s.-Save a~ otherwise provided in i this Act no suit shall '.:>e brought in any Civil Co11i{ to set aside or modify any order made L!nde·· this Act and no injunction shall 'be qrarxed by any Civil Court restraining the Au,hority or its officers or servants rrom C:oing any ect or exercising any power or perfOrf!li:,g any dutv purported to be done under this Ac~ 01 rules or regulations rram2d thereunder, Comments .n111«iJ ·case-lenrti' [Decision of the Towr Planning Officer determining the amount of com osnsation in a case where the owner of the original plot is not provided with 61 plot in the Iinal scheme, is not appealable . ..,.i,e princip'e tor determining the compensatic-i is the same whether the displaced owner of and is given a ,econstiiu'ied plot .or not. Compensation is payable on the basis of market v2lLe of the plot on the date of declaration of tl-Je intention to make a 1 scheme. Perkesn Ami Chand Shah vs. Stace of Gujret, AIR ~ 981 SC 1597 There is no rule that even decision of every ortlcar undor a statute should be made appealable and if ii is not so made appealab'e. tho statuie sncutd be struck down. Unless the court finds that ;;i the absence of' provi sion an appeal '"' likely to make the whole procedure oppressive and arbi- 1ra,·y, the court does not condemn it as unconstitutlonal. Such a provision cannot be helc to confer uncanalised and arbitrary power on ·:he officer con cerned and is· therefore not violative of Artlc.es ·j 4, ·i 9 (1) (f) and 3·1 o. the Conetitution. Perkestt Amicnend.Snen vs. Staie of Guiret, (1985) 1 SCJ 106 ; /:\IR i986 SC 168. {From Bombay Town Planning Act, 195~- section 32). No writ ot mandamus can be issued orderinq reinstatement o. an em ployee to the pos: whore the appointment is a matter of contract and whera tile period for w'lich Hie appointment was made has alreac'.y expired. HowevAr the employee may be entitled to a declaration that the order of '!errnir.ation was illega:. F'. ,,. t'Vlukherfee vs. State of Biher, 'l 969 ~LJR 56A (SC) I\Jlaii'er remanded to High Court by. the Supreme Court with direction to . ' •L-- -~~~~ nf th" nnc,c'lo7 Pl;::,n ;:ire affected Sec. 92 ] Bihar Regional Developrnem Authoritv Act. 1974 r 5? by any or all f1G ;lois allotted to any of ihe responr en, s in the wnt petition disputed questior- of lacl ancl axerciss of writ jurisdiction where Act oars JU risdiction of civil .ourts-in order to gel location of dispute« road ascertained afrosh by getting the physical situation clarified, HH High Court may give direction for cons' ituUng a committee ot Iechnical Experts and for thA Imple mentation of th= recommendations of tho cornmiilee by the P. R. D A. forthwith. Smt. Krishne Singh vs. State of Bihar, '1886 PUR 1063. The Civil Court's Jurlsdiction to entertain a Civil suit is not ousted rn re spect o: a dispute regarding the right and title or possession ot a parson on any piece of land with the Regional Development Authority for ihe ·ec1son 'that the BRDA docs nm provide any remedy for adjudicating the right or title or possession of "' citizen over a disputed piece of land under Section 9·1 of the Act. Smt. Shsnd Devi vs. Ramchandra Ram, '1995 (1) All PLR 336.1995 (2) PL.JR 4. In tho event of denial of Civil amenities or non-observance of statnorv duties resulting in denial or deprivation of the civic amenities and/a~ oasic necessities of the, citizens, it will he open for the pub!ic spirited person or body of persons lo approach the High Court· for issuing necessary directior to the appropriate authority. and the Court may pass such. orders as !he situation may warrant Ram Kisnoro Prasad vs. Stsie of Biber. ·, ggs (1 j PLJR 654. Even whore the Act provides an appellate forum against order of demo- lition or stoppage of unauthorised construction and bars remedy before CiVil . Court, a suit questioning ~he appellate order will be maintainable 011 ·ground o'i' jurisdictional error. D. R. Chawla vs. Municipal Corporation of Defhi, (, 993) 3 sec 1s2. · Right of appeal .is always statutory. The right to notice in pro"ceedings in court of law or quasi-judicial proceedings are different· than tho righl of ap sec peal. U. P Awas Fvem Vikash Parished vs. Gyan Devi, ('1995) 2 326 . .I CHAPTIER }{ REPEALS. SAVINGS P,ND DISSOLUTIOl\l 92. Dissolution of Uie Autht:iritv.-("i) Where the State Government is satisfied that the purposes for which the Authority was established under this Act· have been substantially achieved so as to render the continued axlstence of the Authority in the opinion of the State Government urmecessary iho State Government may by notification in the official 'Gazette declare that H1e Authority shall be dissolved with effect from such daie as may be specified · in the notification and the Authority shall be deemed to be dissolved accord- ingly. " · · (2) From the said date- (a) all properties, funds and dues which are vested in or realisable by the Authority shall vest in, or be realisable by the State Government; (b) all khasmahai lands placed at the disposal of the /.\ui!1ority shall revert to the State Government; (c) all liabilities which are· enforceable against the Authority shall be antorcoablo against the State Government: and t _ : ) -. ' Bil-:ar ?.egior.r:I Development Au1hority Ac! 19i& L Sec 'l3 (d) for ihc purposes of carrying out .:my development which has no: bsen fully carried out by the Authority and ,or the purpose o~ •o alising properties, funds and duas referred to in clause (a), lhe functions of the Authority shall be d1::r.ha•g -d by the Sl8te Gov ernment. -:-·:.1. ;;~t:·e;.;[ ,,_nd savings.--(1) As from the date of •he constitution of the :l\uihority-- {a) tile Bihar Town Planning and Irnprovemen Trust Act, 1951, tne Bihar Restriction of Uses of Lar!ri Act, -: 948 (Blhar Ac: 23 of "!943) shall cease ·10 ·have effect within the .area r.otified under sub-section (2) of Section 1, sev« as r1rov1det.i under Section 30; (b} the Improvement Trust as constituted under the Bihar Town Plan ning and Improvement Trust Act, 195·1 shall cease to exist with 3ffec1 from the dale this Act comes into force ; (c) the Bihar Regional Development Authonty Second Ordinance, 1981 (Bihar Ordinance no, -: 91 of ·1981) 1s hereby repealed. {d) notwlthstanding such repeal, any ,hing done or any action taken in tho exercise of any powers conferrec by oz under the said Ordinance shall ba deemed to have been done or taken i;1 the oxorclse of powers conferred '0y or under this Act, as if this Ac! was i:. force on the day on which such tnin9 or action was cone or taken. · (2} l\!otwithsianding tile p.ovisions ot sub-section (i )- (2) every officer or other employee serving :,.nde, the Improvement Trust or Town Planning Authority and lhe Controllinq Authority under the Bihar Restriction of Uses of l.ano Act, 1948 (Bihar .A.cl or 23 1948) immediately before the dai::;, of lhe constitution of ~he Autnority shau, on and from such date, be deemed to have beer. transferred lo and become ar officer or other employee of tho Autrori1y with such ceslqnatlon as the Authority may doter mi;w and may hold office by the same tenure, at ths same re- . numeration and on the same terms and conditions of so.vice as ne :,e!c rl would have tile Authority had ;101 been constituted, and shall continue to do so unless and until such tenure. rsmunera lion and terms and conditions arc C:uly altered by the Auiho"ri\y ': Provided that any service rendered by any such o:ficer or o!he· employee before the constitution of tile Authority shall be deemed to be service rendered under i!; (b} anyihing cone or any action taken {including 2.r.y appointment. delegation, notification. order. scheme, permission. rule, b\1e iaws, regula\ion or form made, gra:1tec. or issued) under the Bihar Town.Planninq and Improvement Trust Act, 1951 a:10 the Bihar Restriction of Uses of Lard Act, 1.9':-5 (Bi'1ar Act 23 of -: 948) sh,'11 so far as ii is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Ordinance, continue in force and be dcsmeo to have been done or taken under the provisions of this Ordinance unless and until • AO.:.!~- '4r,no ')f ;,nv action taken under the ·sec. 93 ] Bihar Regional D !0nment Au1h0riiy Act, 1974 0"0 (c) all debts, obligations and i1abi'ities mcurred, all contracts :?ntered into and all matters anc thing~ engaged to be done by with ,r for the lrnorovcrnent Trust or Town Planning Authorfty and ·he Controlling Aut: iority shall be deemed to have been incurred entered into 01 engagP.d to be done by, VJilh or for the AuH·ority; (d) all properties movable and immovable and all rights, title ano in terest in any property vested in the Imp ovement frust or ~ov,,n Planning Authority shall vest in the Authority, and all properties in possession of the Improvement Trust or Town Planning Au!ho1· ify shall be deemed to be in possessior of ihe Authortv . (e) ail rents. fees and other sums of money due to the Improvement Trust .or Town Planning Authority shall tic deemed to be due. to ihe Authority ; (f) all suits, prosecutions, and other legal proceedings ins!iiu1ed or which might have been instituted by, Ior or against lhe Improve mont Trust or Town Planning Authority or the Controlling 1-\u°l'ioritv may be continued or inst.tuted by, for or agains1 the /\u1ho,i:y- . (g) all sums charged on any property under, the Bihar. Town Plannin1:, ar.c; .rnprovernent Trust Acl. 195·,, or the rules framed thsroundc shal continue to be charged on that property anc .. the :.;harge shat' be entorceable by the Authority ; (h) from the date the Authority comes into existence it will have tno same rig:1t as the Improvement Trust or Town Plannin~ /,uthority had in all lands within tl1e area notified under Section whi.:11 wero previously held by the Improvement Trust or Town Planning Authority on lease from tho State Govemment ,or t: certain pe· riod or ~he possession of which had been delivered to Trust 01 Tow1~ Planning Authority ; (i) . all lands within the area notified under Section I he!C: by sir.y :Jer· son as iessee from the Improvement .Trust or Town P!anni,1~ Authority under a registered deed or lease tor rcsidenti2l purpose (and not for commercial purpose or commercial - curn-rostdentia purpose) shall be deemed to be vested in him as ;-1el'ostua leases .rorn generation to gene;ation on payment ot foe to lll1 Authority at the rate of 011<1 rupee per square meter. Comments l1 case-law [The repeal of an Act may not amount to repeal of tho Hules frame, thereunder, if the Rutes are not inconsistent with the provisions of the ne\ Act, until new Rules are framed under the new J!,cL Raj Kesbwer Presa Singh vs. State of Bihsr, ·1937 PLJR 842. The Draft fvlaster Plan in respect of Patna which s1ill survives can. on! be altered o. amended in accordance with the provisions of Section 2,1 ot th Bihar Regiona, Jevolopment Authority Act. The schemes framed under tf1 Bihar Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act should be deemed to i1a11, beer: ~ramed · under the B. R D. A. Act. i 974. Tho areas shown in the Ma: ter Plan as 'Green Belt" area cannot be utilized for other purposes. Doms Peswsn vs. State Of Bihar, 1988 PLJR 968.] 0 '.')).. \,\ ~, 220] Modified Building Hye-laws 25 Metres (82.0 ft.) 20 metres 2!J metres in built up area Width of plot 30 metres (94.4 ft.) 30 metres 30 metres New Area 13 metres (42.64 ft.) 13 metres 13 metres Width •I front built t, area Road 20 metres (56.6 ft.) 20 metres 20 metres in New area Set backs front. · 9 metres (29.52 ft) 9 metres (29.52 ft.) 9 metres Rear 4 metres (13.12 ft.) 4 metres 4 metres Sides 4 metres (13.12 ft.) 4 metres 4 metres !. cars 2% of seats 3% of .seats 3.5% seats I Scooters 8% of seats 1 0% of seats 8% of seats Cycles 20% of seats 20% of seats 15% of seats flliiscel!aneous : (a) Fach 0.9 sq.

metre (or 10 sq.ft.) of floor space of- cinema hall in clt!ding Balcony shall be deemed to bo occupied by one person. . (b) . The parking space provided for a car shall not be less than 20 ,I l sq.metres area; and for a Scooter and Bicyles the parking spaces : ,. provided shall not be less than 3 sq.metres, and ~ .4 sq. metres I respectively. ~~ote Where the fVlaster Plan/Zonal Development Plan -provided the mini mum proposed right of way wher c a construction of Cinema is per missible but the existinq right of way-is narrower than the above .. I: standard, a cinema hall may be permitted only if the existing right of way is not less than 10 metres in case of towns with 50,000 jl population and less and 13 metres in cases o·r towns with popula tion more. than 50,000. I' ! mu 2 ·1. I 2?1 PP.RT - IV fGY~H· ~c]J fqjcfif{.JJ ~ ~r 1l961 ( 'Rm 3-lf~ 40, 1982 )' f"®t ~ cfi f~ ~~?:I~ rc{qiT"fl" 3ITT° ~ 6l1'1fif.il<fi ~ ~ ~<.l'·q;r=t c(; ~ amf'1qq I ~ ~ Tr~ ~ ~- qf ir f.irnl" ~-tmR i.RT f.n-,f~tfoia ~ if ~ 3lf~f"'l4fl'.ld ~ :- ,.mthlclii c ~m 1. ~.:q ';{T-q' 3ITT ~ :- 1 ) ·.:w 3~ ~ fu.:m:r mf~ 3~, i981 <ti\',I ,if ~ I am- ( 2 ) ~-~ 'o111~ ~ i!j. $r -ii- 'WfTI in1lT, f;;m ~ ~. ~c:fil4" ~ -q' 3liml~~ 1;m ITT=:r ~ 1 2. q(bu•mt :- ~ ~'l:f ~ ~ 3ltlfa.ra-;, it,~ ~ °G'- am-~,~...:~. (°<i) "W9-~m <i;- ~ ~. -itctiqf.J, m~. · "twr-~. ~-f.lttfur, ma,rr, ~. 3llcmR, ~ff. ~. ~<R'i am- 3tmG 9.41<!.li<l<ti ~ ~ ~ api 'l3;Fcitll'lt mt, .. ~~-~.~lf~-q'm~wu~~-i;; Q4lul'1il!i ~-~cf,'~ it~ cllt; (ls:) "mf~ · ~ m~ t ~ ~ srrtr-a ~ 3l$r ~ ~ fcrci;rn mfu'i:firr i . 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( uf ) ~ mcfiR &fCT ""!n:r f-r~Ri '31.=l ~ fu<ffil €r-J cfi 3iftlcfi it 3~ 'fil'i fer~!{f uUR-~ ~ : c-~) ~ <nT ~ qi" -zq.fcrcr,m ~-W-:f&1' cfi'flfq~ 1:f2:TT~ -;;:rr' ~ "s-TI:ch'R &TU -;,m 'f~ ~ ~ -4~.·{ ( :,r) 1:fl.~ ~~. ~-~ -~if~ fuwT '<TI cf>r<:f~ :,;tf'~T<inr "ff 224] ~ l$;{t/.l t~c, I ;m ~ ~. 1981 [ m-rra' 4-: er.~~ ( z ) ~, ~ "f~cnrn fu'lWT m -;,;q-,.il~ chT "31<•,, "H4f-1<!f~l11I-~ I I 4) "341~8;1 q~fcfil fMcli m<nTfr 4i;lfilcfii(I ~ I ( s ) ~ mfefc"m <fil f.nmif "CT ~ itBr itct<f 3TI"< ·~ 4R r.fi ~ ~ ~ ~t fun-~ i, mfmr "ITTTT :;;rr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3~ cbt unv: I m ( 6) "3""C{AITTT (-3) cF, ('if), ( ~-) 3{1': (sit) if fc.1f,r~~ ~ ~- ci:; ~ <fil f.nmn' ~ ~ ~ '>N ~ -;;i-r U<m, :urr 5tl f.lfi:IB u-;;q m<nR T,fll?," .ii: ~.~~mu (7) 3 ~'3"Cf-emt (3) <:f.m(c1,) ~ ~~~ ID°U '114f-t~H•li1 ~ t ~ ~llf ~ '{ITT.fiR' cF, ~-~ ~ URUT ~ I ( s) <is (rr ). 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': f m cl'i - ~ 4 , ~ 31:;~!.,, ~. 3-lfuv.<lr 3Pi~Tf ~Tcl?. ' j I ( 2) wr~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- 4t ~ qm if 3,'!Tf ~"£' il4"'1E.1', i l cf; <f.ZTlT :- ·1 3~ ~~~, ~ I ( j) f~t;lr {1-"<l if~~ cfi fu-Q:,~-~ .:ff '<,~ll;'J4i-rlfh1 ~ i ~·'Q.<fc, 1899 (tt&:rr 2, 1899) W-CT~~qij-fuffil, r:;A wd.1, fufl.-anr ~ 2m ~rr•T<P--lch.~ fc'if~r 1'.K ~ ~1=11 -r.ni:rer 1~i-;m_ fui-~ 0TIEi11i..l4 <tt mu 1 cfil ~--mu ( 2) ~ ~ 31~ ...~. .;:::;._] "'>:_~ ;)·~~.. - ~-,.,..::;.~~ :'~ ... *-,,-~~ 240] [ f..mT 44 ( ~ <lit -eyrr it) ft.mra IDTI 9.lct •to ~ q)f ~ 1c;~ '<:iT,~ ll ~ m.- 1 ~ ~ ,it W: ,;· Wlf ~"WTT I ( ii_) ~ qffi cfi -w.:I~ - ( cfi) °ifs'<R"~~. 1899 (~ 2, 1S99) G:i1 Wfq"-"Wm1.lt Ql'.lll4h,fIB mu 21 ~ wm- <tfcra 61"f1T, T.!Rf -zwi f.mf1z f<l ~1«.*.<i 1~ <ii ~ ~ ~ mn 1 cr,t ~-mu< 2) ci'i 3-l'eft-;i- ~fu<!f-..'.{a ~ ""Rqfu ~ q(t it ~ ~ ~ q;r-,f~ t; (~) ~-~1:R~1aq1"'1-1flrt~~~. 1899 (~ 2, 1899)<fil mu 64 ~ ~ "Q"fcra M, ?TAT~~~ cnr ~ wtr mcm f.le;~, ~ t cm" I . (iii) ~~if~ ~.f<fi. i ;'~ri~·afil·rv.rnf~~~. ~ 3fc!fu" c; ~ -;;n' ~ mcr.R WU~~ mm <ti ~ fctf~ cr,t ~. ~ qjT ~ .{i ~ I (.:,) ~-f.tfu ~ ~ -<fil ~ 3wt ~ -frfni i-~.,;~ ~IT :- ( i) ~G:il" mu 1 ~'3"Q"-mu ( 2) er. 3r,:r,;; 3-lf~ ~-....~~r~ ~r ~;'i:if«~ <16 ~ aRT "t%", oci ,rq:; ~ q,l" ~ oR'ffi" cit ~-:FK-f.lfu·~ mft..'<fiR itm ~·~ ~, ~ f~ ~ -a-.ifmr 9f.,f-RQM ~, 1922 (~o ~,mo~~ 7 ~ 1922) ~ ~ ";Jf'if-RQH cfi'htjfuiR~, 1951 ( fo;i'm 3~rfum 13, 1952) cfi atEfl.f ~mftl" 'qITTcfi 3iljQI fa<fi ~ ~ 3m:ITT 'Qt cl1fuf<·.\i:f> ~ ~~ -~, ~~1 fu;- ~ q1fufqc1, fui:utt ~ of<f,"~ f~ ~ ~ mfi1:z m "i:f,T -tr cfi ~ "Wif; I ~- ~ m ~ ~ <lfu. <l6 3WJ.f,mt ~ fui:ITfr <fi ~ # ~ w.m ~ cfil ~ q;r ~ ~ 3l<ITT" ~ Tc6t:f <S ~ ~ fjtlIT-;;:iJ- ~ "R,11161 ~ a~ ffl1T q,f 1{n" ~ cfi ~ 6TI{T .l?1. I m ( (ii) "31l-tlm ( 3) "#; i) WU M~ "fl?.R, ~ ~~ 9f-..f~Nc1 ~, 1922 (~o ~ ~o·~~ 7, 1922) ctif E.ffi1" 67tf~ ~J•lol,i'( ~~~.ft~-«~ cir~ "l•RQtf~c1,1 IDU f~~ 3-lff ~ ~ fcflmft Gi't"wrrfu cfi ~-?i- 30 ~ </-i ~ ~ f<:if~ ~ii~ ~~mf~l (iii) ~ ~mcfil~~ ~~~--rm ( :>) ~ ~ ( i) 'WU~ emf~ ~~~mr9r.1r~Qc1~, 1922 c"fa'o~60 3lf~~7, 1922) .ti" mu 84, 85, 86 -rn- 86-V: ~~ ~f.:n~cmi:~~. 195 o 1 r <ii\" ~TU 89 ~FCT ~ 3tft.t~ ~it~~ "fa.IT W'Qq ~ (?TI m ~ ~ "cfil ~ ~ (1oh ~ sil'f ~ t, "'1- \1-iU mc.fiTI" ~ W-l" ~ ~ ~ (j.f"lllt'<'<i'l cfrt=t cfi fu'it ~ if 1 ( 4) ~f.m~', W ~ a)m' ~ 3~ "rom' ii,~~ a~ · -q_ m c( ~ . ~ - 3 {{1<{ ";i\"mf~~<fi ~~ir-;;n-~-~m- <1"'-: ~&:IU ~-iiT~ I ~- 4s-s1; f-~ ~ f;..q·,m Vif*ITT ~rn~, 19s1 r 241 ~rr~~ 'Q~ ~ ~ 1.r~a ~{cfil{ o"'41" ~-P-J. f.rc5"rm ~ ~1,fn:i f~ mi~ c.f.l f.rlmrr -qr~~~ I ( 6 ) ~ ~ t¥.t-r iii'." ~ fFrnfu urr f.:r<f'i1' ~ ful~ <tt ~ ~z ~ 3ITCI, ~~'<:IT~ f.ml~ 1:R-T ~ r,:ffi ~c{o r<nm 3r.z. ~ ci; ~ ~ -q° ~ ~ tlm "3"o2 mm~~ ia::m ~ <fir mr ufu ,t M~ cnt m-•TI "cit-~~ ~~I c 1) ~~~ f.:rmtl"f<:m:fcf,"~~-.:tsRwu~ fqf;q1•1 r~::i ~ <:ri ~ ~l~q,I{ cfiT "Q::t ~~ ~ 3rr{ :=:ioJ ~ ~ ~ ~ "3t:i" ~ ~ mft·'i ~ ~ ~, <fi "Qim- ~ fuit ~~nm ~ ~ ll'1-i-"r ~' ~ 3\l{ ~ ~ Riii~-vlT ~ mif cfi ~ ~, tjr ~ m<liR ~mfuf ~ i 45. -a~~ <h't ~ :- ~ < ~ a-nr ~ "R{cl;H" ~ N;;r) "t« ~ om~~ 3-iT"{ m-T m- -;m- ~· ~ ~~ cf.t ~ ~ ~-:?t -m· n,~~< ~ ~ 'm tr. ~ ~ TicfilTT I mu ~ ~ fc;t 4 i m l" 6 ~ . ~ , r ~ o: ~1 ~ - f.r ~ fu - : - ~ , t ( r 1) f . a W ~ m tf " 3 ~ "ll" m c f, - " : ?t ~ 6 ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ u ~ r f m r ' ~ "3" c m f, " t~ n ~ :ri :i: ~ ~ ((ll 1 f :R m ~ -~ , w 3 . ~ V cl-,T{ (2)~-Rfu~~~~~~cf.l-~:m-31~:~i'i~ w ~' ~ 'W'-l~ ~ f.mi W°'*lq,T,W 3,~ ";;fc1' ~ ~'3v!T ch't ~: ·~ ~m~.~~~~fuim~~-q~fcf;m~, 47. m rbJ<tiH <5r ci'i'ic:- ~ lJ.fucN f.rwn ID"U "fcrfuo m it afrr ~ '«, ~ 3tfll'TlTI" °fcrTI-cf!f ct~-~~~ ~<m- ~ ~ V.lft.~I{ ~ ~~ 3lR amclflf~~~·~-~cfil"~~~ 3mmftn~,urr~ WU fuitif <bl" uff"C1; l . ~au 48. aToi~ :- ( 1) .er;· cl'iT 3f<fi&1'W ~ ~ U" ~~ ~~, 0 ~ f-iro- ~ ~ ~ ~fi I ( 2 ) 3f<fia;roT ~ 'nfn u- ~ ~, -i\l' ~ &:m fufun ir I ( 3 ) ~8,,c!, 3ltRt ~~8;[UT wrri mfcF:fi1(~ -qrn· ~ ~<IT 3ffi ~ ~ '.ilfu ~ ~ clil' w.mrfu:r cfit ~ I . 49'. ~ <>ii ftiiri :- m'fui:fiR ~ 7rn cfl1. cf," ~"ttR atG~ ~-~ cfi1" n:crri am~- ~ ~ ~' frnrr cl,{lTf itf ir~ qiT m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1ffil" ~ cfi't.rr -ii- f.:r<m1" 1:.RT !c:f<!n "ITT" 1 · so. Ytc.-cfa,t,\ ?~J~~ ~. rn ~ ~ 3TI"'i ~~aff '<;,')f ~d\'1'1. ~~ c:tt- ~ :-~ !.lt~oM-1 ~ ~ 3-lR ~ 3TI1=lf;:;ra ~elm~ ~~l ., ~ <.fihTT 3-ii"t "3""'1Cfil -~ cntrrr. ~- ~ ~ 3-ITT-l"f.f<m <ti" f<tifll ~ ~ "$"W:fi m I ~~ l!Q;f.rl:m<f; ~if ~<-nT f.l~clirtq"; W-;~<lcn~i ~!R~I I I ~8 ~~ aft-{ v.t.tui' ~"" ~fu °<i f~ "Sffi~ <6 ~ ~ a..~ :- ~ ~ 51. 3Tf'"ef1<fl1 ~ ~ "~ -.-mr= ,m,--r ~a 711" flTIT.S3 ~ 3Tefl,fcom ~~~ ~-v:mRUT<ri ~C'lf::1(<';4 ~ ---"- 242 J ~ ~ Rf'=fim ~ 3Tfuf'l«"?,, 198"i [ m-~ 52-54 c , ) s>. v~ :- «fu: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f <h-m-~ d.rl"q{j lll fcfim ~ ~ ( ~ ~ ~~. i~-u.fi:r;; ~ <IT cf,! { "ffir-1":Ht fu.:rrrT -..-;- "t- ) 'U"fOlT ~ ~ fcrc..r:;n:r ~, :,niil<TI~T -qr ~&l,f1<i fcv.hrB l.lt-iRT ,i; ?:\~ ii 3-l'lfqT mu s ... aih :-6 if~-~. 3~ "Q1 ..{;;,i,.£1 <fi R'lf, ~<IT f,Mf! ~ "9TIIT <ii° ~'<R ~ ;-"1'1'*: ~~a-lW, ~,rr 4").{I <ft<Jt"if, ~~:n:nr-a 31'1:l~W,-l-q°&n:rr~ cF.t n'I- cf[~~~ "tfi:f: ~ ~-~ ~·"q\f ·cht ·Bi,:m-u-r ~ tfi ~wi"li ti'r ~'tt ~ -q,Q ";ifffi~cf.l ~!?IT Ti, "\12fl'.l" ~ima-cfilli't c.~-f~ ~.._, c.Tc! 3-lUU<Fcf.lhmt ITT_;,~-...; ~ ~ <i; fut:!:~ .:i1 ~!!" ('{cfi 31Fc1~cl-il ~rrf-;;?. c:J-i;n irrn-1 ( 2 ) <l"fu" <n11 ~ eITU 41 ci; ~-TI· cfi ~<R ii iJ.i "3ct'i'l. cITTT ,:fi "qG'fq, ~ .3-fcft7i fcffi.qq'( !mT ~~~ foi-if wn'f m ~ cf." ~r r; f~t ~ zrr ~ efiT ~Tl m u -~ ;,m,- ~-:; ~ q -~ ;t it ' ' c c f6 :r " i I , T I f "' u if f µ ~ r{" ~ ~ ~ 3 (' 1 { 1 cf - i T U ~ U-cf -; i" r q ~m m ~ <f." - ~ <t ici.· fr!_?; q~ ~ -a < - t m i m it~ ~ ~-- ~ -cnr -..t 3-ffaf t~ ~~ ~ c:J.sc1 iPTI. i'{q, 1 ( 3 ) ~ ~ ~ ~ 3~ ~ .m:fR" fqi'\-'~I ~ "q{ tlT ~l<;pf if ~ cFi fui!" mfu\:\',!n ;--..,;I ~ ~ -:ffi ~r;' 'Cf\ cif ~tcf'f ii\!.;~( r.;-,,,; it~~\~ <J.T ~cf;~ w~ ~ ~ -?r ~-~ q-,-t, nT % ~= nc:f. q,fffqrn m 1~ 1R"ff ~ ~ ~ 61"4cll' c{l ·1f Ti ~n "S1Tlf I c c t«r ~ ,rcfii 4) vfITT -a-q-1'-<w 1 ) ;m.fi, a~ ci;- ~ff r.f.f<t -.:im -;;-rrtz, ~ t'\tru ~ ~ mf~ m~<nl'~ ~r ~ ~t -?r 3-N<trr q:;r ~lf W. ~m:i ~ ~ ~ 1.ffi fcl<rnr ~ fuim· ~ "[, 3fiT 3H4, ~i:if ~.qq;r tim ~ <nl" ~ ~ll;tT ~ ~ "ftq<{ cfi ~ ~-~ ~ ~ -a: 3tt"t ~ ~ ~ ~ 3'{1:7.il"!!~T criT ~ ~"t<rr I 53. ~~ ~ ~ ~ c!i~~i'C"I ~ ~ ~ ;itd1qf-J ~ 1•HtHf{'-t<1'il I:: ~ ~-..,.-'l.~ -.1-,-fl,~~ ~.,,, ' ' ,. ~-"' ~ ,. 5Uf&Sc:,!R'4i <Ill YIO'"-<~ ;- ""' "11'(> "~''"''' ,--,~ nI~ !;:r:f <:(·; ~ ~ ¢1~~1 "tl '-',di qf'if .1:!1 3,~ "Bclr3TI q:,'t ~- cf/{";\ q:;r ~ -n.m it' "{f5; (lcfl ";,cff'Wh, T-f<nRT ~cm-~ <f.T ~ ~ -;;ffe~ m ""lif ~~~err~ "fl~ fq;m cF,Z""e;f(R ~ '~ ....-~ ,~, ' l!{c1, ~ q ' i f': 11 - . r '1 n " - qf ~ {q Rf ~ ";fIT - T - ~ q" I\ '11, ~O\ . ocF.1 ' ( + '... , ~ . ~ ~ q, .( 1f ' i . < .f r - ' 1 " ,, " - ,- TR; *~,cf;~~~ 3-i~ ~ ¢1~~ ;mtt"' ~~<fit~ m cS" -ri· ~ ~ fci;m ~ ~ ~ ~- -w:fTUT 1U' ·31::!,~···"t "Cf I ~ <ITc: ~ <-fi lllti ~.f<ffi" U{f i:i"i."{ ~ ~, m -m fR ~, ~ ~:mm #. ~ -it"R ~~"'IT 1.~ I 54. ~r ~~ q;r 3:rrzyr :- ( 1 ) ~ ~ ~ ·~r '!.:<8 i:rftf.rqf-ur ~:ftq ~, ~ 1:11· T:i~ ~ ~ ~ -1mEH -q ~~r mu 35, 36 ;mt 37 it~ ~, ~ <if tj-,![1 ct ftf"rr 3:im.IT fu.,m ~~ wa #. ~::r'{ if f..-t8<i, ~ -\tm ~, a~ ,rr ~ ?,\" mfr 1?r, 3-ITTP"i:r fuim "1f<IT ·.,, .:rr f.Mn~· fa;;m ~T w ir. m -q:n 7:irt fM<IT 11m ir, -ai· ~~ f-fftra mft."'cf>T"{ 1':Rl mr,,~ ~- e..',ff Qctfr~<h1;1 ~ ~~ ,;. <»'<-ITT"~~ lcl-iti1 awl<-iRf;:i- <:t, 3ffi1ftcM, ~~ i; cii"WJT otd,d ~ ~ an-~-~ -e: ~ "Ri ~ "{qfm m %- ~. ·f:-fm ~ "~ ~ trftf.,rj-ur m ~ <£r4 ~r ~ 1"T"QT ir m fcfim ~ m 1n ~ lF,. ~ ~~r~ ir_~ "G"h~i [ :'43 ,1; 1.~,-1.[(1-ci~ cf.t ~ <.f,,:- «c.~ m <mT ·~ 3TR -al=f ~ 3;crnrfur ~<fir~~ '. :J 1,1: 1~-lfl-0 m ·.su ~fi ~ 11-rorr i:r f~,r m fcr.:fim~ ;;TW'.r mi ~r "it, fu,qr , ;i '{;rf ·rr <TI' -q~l cn1. ~fell' "lr:if '61 'l{;'D~ ~ qcfifli cf.~ if cR-Rffi lft'lll; '\ff=u ~I cHtt ~ t: ~ n ~ GI' cfqi' -:-rm' 'fu:m "-n~ ~~ t-qrzft <IT~~ zj 'itm -~u~:;ri -;; ~ ct fuir. ~.r~ ~ ~<E arcrw. 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G .:, , .. ~('O ~ ~- tll~l < 1 ) <to mir.; "R.m 3tfa.~ ~ 3fu fu~:; &1'lTT I • · ( 4) ~ mu cf.~~ occ,'i!(•t i;r,Ft fcom ~~ 'fctftr -q' ~c;·~1· c;, cm,·~ il -w<m~ j,.,h~\ ~ ~ ~ 3ifu~w. ir<rr, ';, fui ~ 3{c-tllccl-,~01 l{ ! 55, .:t..I.Qf'1«1° TIU 3-.'"lffil,C <6 m if , : ( 1 ) -v.fi; "$'TI' ~,?11' cf 3-f'JR ~ 3'~1'4 -:r;,:I 'c:fi'R ~Tffl ~ ~ ~,1 'ill~~~'*', -;;n- amT2,T-~ RM~~ ...;, ~ ~ ~ i:f,ITcITT' ~., #. ~ q;tI:Rj' w. >1'mtt a,17 a-~ m1: ~ 61' :. rf'3'fl' ~,1 ~ '!fr 'ZB' 3{Cffitl'-~ q;f <frtft m ~ 3t1< ~ ~ nc:;1@, t.:141.:f'b't ~ ';:ft ~- -~ ~ ~ ~ "-nl 'f\cl;iJT I .._ -c 'I r ' ._: ~ ~ n T -.w ~ [t-; " , 3'q m '-Q[U , ~ i: c i f 3 t ~ r % l f ~ .; c :r l , ' m i'{ ~ " t "H fc , ~ ;- ~ <mi ' c & f f j r q c! i f 'f < ; 3 :, . r ; f ~ u f,l{l{ ~ ~ f ~~ ~ ' f R u i m m ~1.:rT 'Ql cwt ~ ~ <Z'iT 3-lQm:r-cf;"iT ~ cii 1~ mi~T ~ ~ ~· I < 2 ) "31:f· mu 1. 1 ) -?i ~ ~m ~ cF. w. ~ m, ~ (lcf, ~ 3lfm>1.:iv. ,:r, ~~ a.;W 3M1t:I' q'i"".f c;~· ~ fuim '1'fc:tT "ITT 311"{ ~ ft!?. ~i ~ fc;;; 3l'.:rmr-"&"A ~ f.l~, ~. ~ -o.r«i,:i::r,it ~ ~13-P-T~-.,11'.l ~ ~om ~'1:1~·lctt n ~ 'tlT aB 'tl < T fi ~ l ~IT 1 ' r H ,n c f ; i , .~ . 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f> ~ l4~ 1e,l ~08 -~ ~ m aR ~ mfuq,,< m- mr ~ tm.~ mf'~Tt ~ <ll WT~ f,fim ~~,~cf,,:- ~·1 ( 2 ) ~ <!iW 3,·1:;"{r,~-cf,lt ~ ~ ~ Wt ~~ "<nl', ajt ~ aw.n-ffiT ~ m, ~<:ti{~~· 3.\R~ 3Nm,-q;.{~ ~ ~ ~,1' wr ~ <Z~ir:l "'lt,T ~ "1llVII I . 244] ~ ~~ fcRim ~ 3~, 1981 [ ~ 59 6 ~ fu:rrt it m.(c{f 3ttRf f<ilim ~ cfi 3TI"mr w ~ ~ -qrn ~"ITT, cK ~ ~~ii ~fcn~ ah-ir~ ~~- ~ir. ~fuimws ~ ~·~ ~ i:i ~T ~·W %, ~~~ u,:i if~~~.~ ~<F. v:m fucf;m w ~ ~ t, ~ ~ ~ 3lf"~ ~ 3ffl 3':f<IT, ~mlf;;r W 7f? ~1, (IT~~~~~ <Jlaili<§@ ~ ~- cM~ ~ ~ ~-~·?:. ~~-~rr~~mW9-~i-~fflcf>~~~w~ ~ortfrR~~~li~~~~moT~-~~"llff<:%11 cnT ~ ~ "&i1. 3ltra,lT ~ I -me::~ w.-~-~ ~ ( 2) -?f fu~~ ~ "1Tcrr ~ ~ <fil ~ v.r~mm~~~~~,.w.~1<-flf~mef>'T~-qr~ ~~c.F.r~~~-~ ii·~~' f.r1« ~~~: ~ ~ -a-q--l!ffiT cfi ~ ~ ~ ~ ii~ mf~ ~-~ 3mc; ~-~-~<IT~'.i:fil"~~ct"~~~cfil~~GWf. ~ ~ ':ffe.~?{cRi 3~ ~ ~ f.:l:i ~ ~ ~ ..,. cf>'t ~ I .. ( 3) mftR;rr <IT~ W{I' ~- ~ zj WS"-~c...'T ~ ~<IT f<:R;rn q' · ~ * C:-,{~ it~~~ I~~ 1IT1T <ti- nrit@ ~ ~<fil oRm ~ dt{ ~ ""11"1 ~~. -;irrfcf;~~ 3$~f.:rBzj-~, ~m~.:.~(c.(iur~ ~ "CS fc<h."!; ~ ~ ~- mfi:~ '>l-{1"1-lr..l -CS ~ ~ ~ lt c;Wf ~' 59, ~ ~ if ~ -mr~ ~ f-il'4<!.l·l1 ~~ cfil ~&lf ~ ~ mf~lfZ ~ ~~ :- c 1) ~ 3~'-'Af 3{2fc{f u~ m PJ~ ~ ~-.:: . .. ~ ~ "-TIITT fcfim ~-~ f.,a:n~ ~ WU '1{T f1T ~. ~ ~ fufura -1tfu~ ~·~mftR;IT"it tc.1lc1 ~ ~~~. ~. ~:~cnT~ twr, ~. ~~~. ~' ~-~~~- 3f<:f-;pf{m'3m-~~ ~9r3-t1' ~ '>{R" ~- ~ <fi ~$"( 3ffi-aj'~~ ~ ~ ~ o!lfu ~~<%~~ 'liTmWB' .,,rz« ~ ~-:or@~, m~~ 3~~~ -q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-~ ~ ~ 3tR WilTfu7i ~ ~(~cl,({ 1ft.IT ~ ~c 8,n)T ~ ~ ~ c, I m ~ ~ 2) ~6'!"-smr )-?r ~fciom ~ cr;~~if-mr~ -~~~~~n-~~~~-~~~~~·3-1"\r~w~ fc-1 F,,_,,,p:.i ~ "ITTl1T I · 60. ~ ~- ~:thl!kii -~-rf ~ ~-'t ~tfo.~ :- C 1 ) <:rl'~ ~<f>R cnT U' i'i ~' fcR;m a):f iz -~rrtb.~m WU f.:iu:ufc::n f.,,.,~.n f<:I~,«-~ .J.i q;('1fcl~q, -;:m· ~ ~' ~ ~ ¢r. if~~~~ itr i{, .;rr ~ ~ wu· ~ l\;mt; ~ ~ ~ ~ -?r <!~ ~ m ~ <ITTi\· ~ m, m wr.QcfiR ~w.ra e?i ~.: 3"'im~~~~'l.ff, ~~* ~cf, •{'id{-cl{<\4 ~oYi~lt~ m qf<&\ ~~if ~ 'fl"~ c;- ~ tg,~l('il~! ~ ~ cfiT cycl.,~I{ I ~~~1ITTT~~<fim"mtt{q,l(,~~~~~f.1q-,1· IDU ~~ ~::rft! -q{ ~ 'li,Jt@ ..f t ~ ~1 ?.TrTm ~ : r~1B" ~ ~ ~ l.ff~ "<[ "IT fc.<i ~' ~, ~ wf~ ~ 1rm· 'fu:iT- -~- ~ --- ~___o. __ ..c::,...__,,c_.c::..,..___.. _ _....~ ... .....,..~~~- ~,:,...,....., ·'IJ t1·"'<'lj f<TiiR ~ ~ ~ ~, 1981 [ 245 • .-(1) ·;-. ..~ ~~li~~~"'n"~~'G',l%-~~~ ~it ~ ~ ~ Tf ~ ~- ~ ~ T{ m (<f,l{ c::t w v.fu¥ro ~ 3{:ifilcoiJllf-;;n-f crcml ~ q,f ~~ i.t "";?,A'~~~~ mo lit~~ ~ff~ wlc:,c5l('iri ~ ~ ~ <ri ~ "3m ,<\Ct it m~tT~~~*~61of'ITT · ~ m <ii) <fi amA'f.:l.im ~ ~ W®ffi ~ ~. .n ~ ~, ~ ~,fo..-,1t!~~~~<:fi~3ITT'~~~'r~ .mTI' cii'r ~ if mm, urr ~ f.m:ra mm wu fcrltrn cfil ~ 1 ~1. mflla.~H ~ ~l~li-11 ~ ~ ~ :- ~ ~ cil" -.;nr ~W "Ri 11'.J(lmf m ~ ~ ~ {c:,4 ~ ~ q,'j' ~ ~ ~ ~ fc'R:irn-mTf ~ 3-Wt l!';ii, -.(·.f.t -~ ~·f.rti:rn ~ w-r t:rW«r ~ ~ fcl;" ~li1tm.ft ~ 3,"q"c.,'lTI"fi ,1if.r c$ ~l!f ~GIT~~ "ff~~ 3lrr ~ ~ ~ c?." ~1l\T 1'.lf~~~~~~~~fq,~ W\r 59 ~3ft.lT-1~~1 -$~if ~161C"i1 ~ ~ ~ GlT f.le:lhuT ~ ~ t; I . (2)~~~~~cnt~cfif3f<:mt~«t~~~IDU ~~- ~li;l('i( ~"&,'I-~ q;r f.f1U"hur ~ ~ ~ ~. m-~ "ff~ 'Rl11ITOT ,f.t ffffura ';flih{ w. <hT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~,~~WU m!%:c'iih <fil ~ <ml fu; % f.:rnfniT cliT ~ ~ t m ~ ~ -fITT % I ( 3) ~ ~ ~ ~ f.mhur '31l-!'.'!RT ( 2) cfi ~T-'f fc{f.,f~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~Bm,~f.tm{ur~zyrr I ( 4) ~ ~~ f.rmtoT "il· ~ ~ ~ m -aq-mu ( 2) it 3,"Gfa;ra ~ m ~ ~ fi:4f.1f<t1e 31-v.f....r o r; ~ "iITT ~, ~-.mu 61 it ~fun &a~ a,~ i.ffi~~~~I . 62. aiiR<""<"c mu w1w·tr~ ·<l.'il qfd'-c&af<uc :- < 1 ) ~ 60 ~ ~-mu ( 4) Tl fc:if.:if~&! ~ ~ ~~ ~~~ rcmT 8') if~~~ 3~ ~ .::;rn- ~ <{iTlTf I (2)~vm~.mq;r~<Wrr,m~~~~~mwn m~m-1 ,. 63.~-,;;Nifw.~:-(1)W3TI~ll"~~~~1 -m;;f ~ ~ -?i ~ ffei ~ ~ !ch@~ w:rq ~~mo~ ~m.ft 'iIT ~ f.tfi:«:f al~ 111:t f~' mu R<m cfil ~ i ( 2) ~~!fit<;""fi 'm;;f ~ ~ ~ "l-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o.,!{t"l.ftl.l'WTT I 64. ~ ~ ~ ~ !,{l~~>l\ ID'«-~>ff W ~ ~ ~ <:J<,;-J_('~· ~ ~ :- ( 1 )~<Zr~~~. ~m 3:p:f~fq{(:IT~ fll-Qf-n~'f ej;~c:; <fi 3TIT[l{ 31~ ~ ~ 3ITT" ~ <$' ~ ll ~ mf~ cfiT ~ ~ !\lT Q-;; z1fc; ~~.t't~ ~<fi'fcnm ~~Tf ~'.fcfil~'tT, ~· 3~; ~ "l-~~~ijcf@~ I ( 2 )<flr~°f.im~(~, t:e" 1!_04 l(~)~'Wl"~, 1974 (f<lm ~ t=fo 3, 1974) f..m't qqlff;gff ~ 1938 ( f.mT "ITTJ?- 'Un ~ 10-:io) ~ ~ 2t;6] ~ ~ ~H efi~ ;;ffV.f-fQ~, 198i [ ~::ir(Tii 65 70 65. u=.-m<5R !Zm ~- :- ( 1 } r;-:c;q W:c\-,(T mfc--l'<lm -;:i, ~-;fl- ..icr.~-t <if <IT ~ qi° ~ I ~ <lf ~ ~ l~:ilt R'TftlQ",Kl. <?-, f.m:n· ,3.iR'l1f <hi &,~ crj{ ~-fr, <lf~ ~-"ffiqjf{ cnl" UU. it~~ <lT :2'.-if~:?T ·[~~ tW -~ ~ c;-,:ft- "ITT l ( 8) ~':mcim mf~ 'q--,'1" ~ -;frfu cF. ~~ iz ~~ t ~i('I; t° I 66. fcrcRlllt :- ~ ~mcflf-~ ~ti!f b:iil, foc;,R;,<-1; .::StK 3P-r-;s\~ >1~ <ii'l.Tir ·:it Uv<i-m<fiK ~--Wl« -qr 31"Cfaff ~,-;__1-;1 t -rm 67. ~ ~- ~ "illmR :- -~ 3\'0.ff~~TW ll ut 3~q~ 3,-..:fr,,· c,,tll fu1m f.rmr <IT~ 1,.m 3{qT~ it<n ~, ~ "elf <i'iri 3-P-l. ~«ni.r:sr WTl'-lq-,I{ ~ ~~ m ~~ I. "[ITT mi:n-4 ~ cfi urn ~&rfur 1:,1<11 ?:lT -cr~n:r tff "HQfcfi ~ it ~ U l'.{ffl ~ ~ Wl ~ f-<:11mf 1LrtfMf@ct Tifu ft cfil qm :- wn; ( i ) .:hifcfilq, ~ c ii) {f,;it{iclict sTcff "w"U; (iii)~~~~~ <l"1 Wl'@" ~-~-qr~~; (iv) "QITT,~ cl-i' ~ "ofi ~ ~ ~ Y.;a ~ #.--{ ~ ~ ~ ~---er,; <.fi en- "RITRfff 3tci, -q' ~T!'i ~ : ·trq- ~~m~ ~~~~' ( <ti) ~DlRPJ-q,-q-, ~i~~, ~~.tr!~ u.r 3Fl" RchH 1,T, ~ % ~ ~ <F. «m ~~:o.»f ~:rrcn<t fqq<f,tjtll{ <lT 1-\j{~ Wt~T1 «"~ fti;m ~ ~K "3:cm ~ 1:!r ""ff,fo'i '-"\ i ~ cfi ~~ "'CT11RR <lT ~ en,· I mt:nc"!' l:fRf ~ t (W) ~ ctl4tc-t;:;J'-l tffi;,~ 3-i~ Z!l" fc';fs;fl:ir it, ·irr ~ ~-"Bfuq ct ~~ ~ 3;q".::rrftct- ~~ .a,im11 i.e..~ -cv. n1~ ~ .... r ~ t C Ti) ~c:fi'~f -~ ( iii) ~ <N-~ ( tv) "G° ~"\"\'fls.n nt·~b ~ frfu ~ -mm ~iT f~ ~f<11Tr -:-r-"'" "3q-,,i~ Ci) -.:rr -z.-q--wu-s C ii)~ am't-iB rCT iJ" ~ -w:lffi ~ I Gf!. -~ncl\,1f.1q; ~ f'Rfqtj..,-;. ifl.'fl', ~ "Qt 0 .?."R°,:o. <:f;t ~"R ~ 11~ mt;. ~?<1~ ~ ~ ~11N, ~- -.rrfct< ceil· ~t fi=rq~ir <Pc ~ ~~rr fl.,~r qi{ ~ ~:1-:,'1.q <-*lt 3f,{ ~Ir~ ~~ ~' "lt. -~""-rn r:H i~r ~n· :- ~ cr. ~< 3@.rf;t.:m ~2.rrr -ey Ti<fr ":! Bl 4"' f:iq:; 7~ ~·i 1{r-it; ~ "ti"{ mfuem ct. llT-cfc{ <Sr "frl"::('11~ ~a-th~-~~ wlt ~- ~ ocl?." ~~r,q"; '{", ~ ~ ~~tcf-r1f.-1c;-, ~~:cir~~-~ qi"{ 3ftT w.fr fttccii<h\ 0~1 ?~ ~- ~u ... fr afR fRJ ~~ <t- wrraff (lB 3-i~ it' ~ <!iUcfir ~~ ~~ -.:?-; ~if -it ~-qt,-~ 3-i<Prn cfm. ~ S:ifl!TIT I 6'i. ~ ~~<I~~~ f~ s.'tirr :- ~ ~ -:{f~ m ~ .m:fi-;, ~ "l11t %m -~ m fu ~ <fl. '*-JR f.iTra -.:,1 ~ 1 -rt i~t -;:frflu, an-zyr ~ <·8'.l" ~if~~ 3{t{f~ it. f.i~ foQ; F ~<-1F.,a.4 w.- wm «r fuf.m::r i¥ cli1~ "f!~f.mn ~6T °tri, %T ~' ~ Z1f ~ lTTcf-;'f cf,;\:l" c:,,.'l ell ft.m ~~-~ ·,/.lTf'Ci 71-78] 1~ ~W ~ ~ ~~, 1981 I 241 m :- 11. ~ 3ITT 'Q~ft.~ ~·ilcti~~<t~ ~;rr ~ ~oS ~ 3fr"{ ;rtcz, mm '1iU~ n?.CT ~ o:,tl~ 1860 ("ff. 45, 1860) c::fl· tlffi 21 -;;; ~~I iw:ri~ ~lch ~ ~ ~r I · 72. ~- ~ ~ ~RUT ~ ~- '41l!IM4l <51 ~ftar : m i)tTft m ,Xtr.-:-1~1 i'{ ~W. ~ '>ft~~ ~-a-q ~ 3-f'JR~ ~'1' ~rm~ ~'q,l~~~I m~.-rr~ ~ 73. =- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~<!" fcnm a-ttro1'..r v,q ~; m~ ~ ·ft1R: ~ <J:11 m ~ ~ ~ f.m:rn Wi'~ <IT ~ey i..RT mf~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ i:i'aj1' <f." fqerr ~~~I 74. ~J.-~ <I.ft~ <h"Ti~ <f.' ~ ~TUT;- fcr,m ~ ~ ~: fq,~fr m~ w ~ "l@' <f, fu"l; ~ ~. u.r ;:,p;i· fafu:q-j <ht4c1161 ~t ~. ~ ~ ~ m ~ w.tR ~ l'fQ' fcrim f;izm m ~ ~ 3f"aR ~"llcl'ld;<fi q:;j-Tf<:11 61' '<1T<fil ~ cfi ~ ~~,nra 'ITT I 75. !<<'Ul<l.1"1'! <St ~I'm :- ~. ~IH.\c!,'hi m it ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-urr ~ ~ ~ fc'rf.lml ~ ~ ~ cit- m~, ~ 3,'itf.mt. <fi amR ~ m ~ f<r.m ~ ~ 1<lllc!<lcll ~,Bl ~q;f miM, ~ if dl("';.-1fu!i1~ ~ ·qr\~ ~ ( <IT ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ tWl'fu) "ITTtr 'lTI' ~ ~: ii' ffi it~1 ffilT cT.1· ~ f<rnr ';;ff.~' -;;rr ~ f~ itt 76. ~ r-~ <lilf 11,v.,~ =- c 1 > ~ 31f~~ .mr oHJi a-,m ~ Tiit f.-r<mr 3iR ~T cFi ~, fc6m 3-1~ f<ffu Tl' ~ ·d 1c!&:. ~ 3,'W'Rf f<m:11 q(\'\' -J; 11171 ~ .,:ft r w.wft irit l 1w. ( 2 ) fuim ~ -3PJ. ~ if <!\~ fu:im ~~~<IT ~ft~ 3TI1-.~ <IT I ·1. ~3-¢ R ~ w ( ~ 11!Z( ~ ~ <firD n ?T m f< ~ fi # ~ q;-.~ < r f i ~ ~ -Q m ~ ~ f f c cf r > f f u f .· c ~ l; - 3 f - -? f :l i ' i ~ R 3-p ~ :m;.:ra 31 - :: c 1 .n ,7 P ,r . , t .rI •<f!'m ~~7<ITT c:-it<Wt; Mu~~· if IBm'll<{T m f,ai,fuct ~11«1' ~~~I . 11. ~ ~- ,s ~- -q' f.r>?m, ~ «r '3;-q-fo:f"l':f- ,,:r~R ~'it f~,m ~T-frq- ~tN,hl< ~1 ~--1r,f f.r~ =- ~ ~ w~r fufu if 3-{~r4~ fuir.ft GIIB. ~ ~ 'tR' ~'t, ~ 3"~ m ~HJ; ~ "iiATh ~ ~ m ~ er, :~o.c:~r -q 3'1WRff-~·, ~m'3"C1"-fufu, ~ ~cm· mn, ~'3cf-'i:!m ( 2) ~ ~ ~ ~ # ~~ ~· Z'r.11 "ITTTff l 7&. ~<ft~~ "TI~~ "WIT ;- ( 1) mft.:r.111< <IT dfld.i ~ ~. m fq;m ~ m 3-,~ q-~ ~ 3.~ miw.ITT m ~ ~ ~ 1.~:>:r, ~(tl~n1 m 3-f.<{~ftcfl·~ti'r.r<fiT<t~c!B' IC!'1ft1~~~~~ ~ w: ~ m % ~ fuiBl· ~ m ~~~if fcfia 1'Til' m ~ ~ c?i cm mr fc;m ~ ~~~it lfcf (l'q) w,; ~ "c!Mn:-rra ~r,f ~ ~ocfi fu. mfl'.lr.r.t< cit' ~ -q "3~ ~- it 3lT{ fc ti{1f ~ '?.:m it ~ cf, f.rcm:l'-'fl!l1'11R ~ ' ----~ __________!:l,._ _ J.. _i ~ ~ - ~ ... ~ ~ ~ .p........ ,"+,.-~ -:-rt-Fm .:;:.;. 248] ~ ~ Tcfclif{! ~ ~TJ~,· 1981 [~"'lTTil' 79-80 ~ ( 2) ~-trn ( 1) if Q'41afofa ~ -.fr cl'l"i;, _,,~ % ~ ~ ~ ~ <fi v.~ cS ~<if~ "ttt ~-.:@" ~..; f'"ci"•;"' it, me:~ '3'1'Ff iR ,f,\- ~ ~u,:~<{if~~GlR-;;ITT~~ I . ( :· ) -;,sq-.;:m ( 1 ) if ~~17-" ~ qfo ~ ~it ~-qr Mill~ WI~~ ,R=m ~~~~~~rw~~~~~~ra.1~~~ m~~~m~m-1 1 ;, . "%" ~~ ~ f.mfurr -qr, -;;rr o:rcR'-<fiT ~ mm\- ~ ~ v..irfcra ~ in' 3th-w-~ ~~cfil~~-«~~~m'~~, 'tfR-~, ~ (ffl)., $<;~· ~<tl'~<.TT 'i&icfi{Oj \l~~"Rllfurr1R, -;;:n m~~ ~ ~ m f~ m ~ 1ITTT ~ fc:,4 ~, ~ .,ifr 1,lT!Tl ~ ~ cfifs' clB f-,P'lf<:"lf{llo ~ ~ -q ~ "Rl1 l irfr :- (~) f.,f;m 'lr<:F{~~~ ~<IT~~~ 'l'.l~~ ~ ~ f.{$r cl1f ~, ~ 'l"fcR q;r ~q("'I ~ '"1PT °eft ~ Wi'!T "ITT, ~ ~ 'l-lcR r.fi ~ ~ '1J.T ~ i111~tq, m ~~"ITT; ~r. ( ~) fcf.m ~~<.lT f.irrq~m~~ fcl'lWT, ID'U rrc-r-v.orrffi, ~. ~m 3Rmf~<tf.m$UT, ~m "lcile:,<01 ~ 1,14\-.i'il>i %m ~ cfiT ~,~~~~<ti~ Nim~-~ <-1T ~ qi1'-~ ~ tj\- 'ITT ; (Tf) ~i!,~1 ~i« fcflm~-~m~m~~ ~r f. f ~ ~ ,... ., m• .:rr ..........c:,. __::,. ~ . ~ i;,1c;.l@l·i, ~-~, ~+;11"-T <(ii i<t!Hlc..cm1 ~ 41'( -11-i 01, ""' ~ 3ffiqr{ cfi "ITTPIT <fj'~ 'Q_'BI' 1fitl', 14~c:.,,, ~T~, .,., f'l1@'1 <TI' wnfu' cfi M<-:1'-'t·Hef f,,.Wfh'l "f.\tf \l ~ m' : am -q~ mrf'qn qf{f.14[01 3th: f.mfur ~T-~ ~dfl .. ii ~~ ~-~Tf, ~ c.ti nil.IT~. ~afi 'i1· ~ ~m f.n'tfu ~ cf;r ~ ~-~- if ~ ~ ~ ~ 1,Ttrr; C<r) ~ m~ cf;~ ~-it~-~- a(0-,,'{; ~"h c 5°. )' ~ ~ wz~ #i ~ fcv.m ~ii~~~-~~ -f<:feITT it ·q,=i'l '{~.::.;<..-,,, cfiT -Hl.-'14fO( I ~~Fl~~ ~"Ml· ;- ( V. 8Ct. 1 ) ~ mcf.1'{ ~- ~ 'B~-e1-,1 cfi -,;f~ ~ ~ ,i; ~ .;, ~~ ~ ff;n:i: ~ ~ wrr I < 2) ~ m~~ w.1%111 ~ \Affiq?< wi-Tlcf ~ r"I.,, ~ p,.mr ii f.,-q-~ f<i;m m ~1- ~ *i: fir~ -~ fu:im· "11' ~IT :- ( q;) ~ 9.1f.1f4rl 3{\\ 3TTcm:<T ~ <St -;_'tfu ; (ls) \;!lfl{cf,{{ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' ~,t 3Tr{ 'ltc:T ~; (l'T) ~ m, f;:Aif fcfifir ~$r <ti f<ii·6'f "&m 'l-!'llTI' <fil fci:cfirn ~ ~. ~m -~, ~m: ~ ,n mra < ~ ) 3-lfulil "i 11 "I m;:;Rf cfiT m 3Tr{ fc;~ 'cl~omv_m ~c~1~, aq{.JZtt4"1 3tR" ~<i;~,il ~~ W~ 3ffi f~-W ~~cf;~~ ~ct ~cfil-~ 3TIT <>"B ~mq;rura; mu s1 J [ ?49 (sr.) ~ ci;- ~ <illttl-l(i!H ~#~~it~~ "<t~ trfu; (fi·} QRT 61 ~ 3'~ ~~ IDU 'll.fH'lfQ ~; (~) fct;w ~~~~ci;-~it ~~h5tM1 ;;rif.~~3~'Tffif~ 'of, ~ fq,,mun,Q ~i (c) ~'fft~_<S ~Ti ~1ITTT~~~; w ('o) ~ ~ if u11.\cit.:·fr ~; (s) ~ m ~ r.fi ~ ~ ~ -aEm ITT 3ffi ~ 3-t~ ~~ ~ IBt'( 3i::ifl{Of\l( ~; (~) ~ cS ~ qj'j" ~ ~ ~- ~ 'q;T-f cfil ~fu; c am ~ ~ i:rr) "WR-"Q:.f cfiT 'Q>-wl; (tf) ~wit-t~m~:3ilr~~.~-~~~~~~ ~ 'tl'm ~ml"~; <~) ~.j;~~~:am~O"lT:ar~~r. ci, IBq; ~ f.mtj\' 3ITT ~ ~ ~ "iJO"f q,l" ufu ~ ~ ~ -~ ~sfr;r-q_m Rf~ l1fuo ~ ~; (c{) er.ti a,~.~,~~~ ~o ~ -v.r fuim sifi ~ 1 (3 )~ qru,t ~~Tftrr~q,~, <>R~~#.~q~irn, ~ m-, ft{~-~ c.?; ~~ct~~ cf[ m- it 9:!.<;'1 ~ f~·it' ~ ~ c6 ~ ~~I~~ "ffi" if<{]' "<1J. ~ "fl'it' it~~~~~~ 3llx ~ \. -mm~,~w~nsrTimbl·<rr.~.~<5"m~~~~·~~ m ~ a« ~it a41~<or <fiB cfi ~~it~ <l'f ~I'~,;~ fc:n cITi ~ ~ ~-~'ill" a<G~··,mt, <.i\4tft-2lfu, ~ f.i-m:r ~ aq1~R:a ~ii tr~ ~"l<Trm · 1 I I ~~~ ~ ~'! ..,Tf-w~iTic f'1~WT- I-',w ~~mfcn~~ d4h'H0( ~ o:l1?.r;-f1,:h{OI '3"",::;; ~I* fu.m ..nn ~ ~ :tR ~ "H"l.i"'Tc1 ~--·~rr ~' ·e;;t· ~ :- ~ i'Ri! - lH. ~ 3-t~ ~ ~ ~ cif,IQff.qct ~~ ~ ~ w a:ff.'.r l-;;r.n:r 3i~ff ~ ~ ¢f,'!lif ~ ~ <S wra ~ GRT ~ nw.r ~- ~ cr,f o!llQd.~111 4{ ~· ~Tcl' 6l"R T<iAT ~ fuf.mm 'if f-1t;:;l\.;if{gjcl ct fr;-1'-', ~fu;r.rr~~ ;- :am~.~ (<i;) ~ cfil ~a#:~ :a:ftt ~.~~qi'[~ ~o<it ii~~~ 3ITT' .ihi.l ~V'~ ~--?:{ mim; c ~ > mu- 9 ~ :amR ·m ~ wrra ~0 ~ ~~~ ~ :aw~,~ *10.,..,'i GiT ~~~~~~~~-3,,~~~~~~ m ~; ofil ~o~i 1},T ~-3Rl"~it <iWi#l"'t~ ~~qi\" ~it,m (Tf) mf~,?; ~ cEt ~ 3ITT" ~; ( tl') ~ cfi ~ ~ q;i:f;;i1R:;q'( cS ~""£, 'l:ffi, ~ ni?IT ~F ~ oITT' mffl~ 3i:j,~!lttf.Fti ~i ( s.) 3,~ 3, 4 3TI't 5 cii ~ mfi:m c;, ~ cllr '4Tm ~ oli't 1-1f..1>€IT; (~) ~ cS fuit ~ ~ "OflTiaj'Tc fi .~ ~f-.,;~-~-~·u:'; 250] Nm ~ ~ ~ ~"f. 1981 ! tITTW 62-65 (s=r) ~ ~ ~ ~ cfiT ~ aftz "{ifu; (~) ~1'.Tf'{qj, ~ 'l'.fcR, ~. ~(~~). f4~~~i,v .i~. ~~r{ Wn~, ~~~~; :.,ih ( c ) cnW' 3B:f fcrnr, ~r fuf~ WIT fcrfi'.n "q-;T'n ~ ~ R--:U.T ~ · ~?:f 9 :t~f, ~ '*-l<f<Hi'\t. 3'l°h ~f~, 82. ~ <5l· ~1<1 <ti ~ ~~ ~ :- ( l ) c:rR: ~ ci::ITTm fcn<~~ 3TI~ W'il' <IT~ cfi1' -~ ~ f.Rr ~ <fi 'fui"m ~YT~~ <J.TilT 'Cf{~~ w:Rt wlef11 ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ m.TI ~, ~ % ~ zj- ~ 'l'.lcR" "fif ~ ~ w.fi 3-lf~ cfiT ~- cf; o~l <fi ~ ~ ™ cfi't c;{ i':{~-~~Tcnr~nrrr I ( 2) ~ ~ ~ ~ 3~ fi;f,r m ~T{ "$[ f0fuRi ~· fuAr mfu ~ ci.t ~ ~'CR,~~ :mRJ· 3Tf~·cf.1· ~ <fi enc;: -.,'1· ~ ~ :a.-, nr <:1~ ~ q:;t ~- ~ "fif ~n- <f<fi ~fu 1% "BT -a.,rr.rITT 'qji:f ~ i~ ~ ~ ·1o~ocfilc;t~~~~~T I 83. 3i~ raRf ~ ~ :- ~ ~ ~ :ml~ w-TI m 'lJ.ITT<ci'iT{ q;l· -~ ~ m mfucnl< ~ ~ ~ m ~ -qz- <.b<=,r cf,T-#[, 'ii- mr ~- c;'t· ~ -ri° 1ffil' ~'flt~~~~ 20 ~o <ii1' ~ -~ 3'1, ~ .tt ~ i\' ~ ~'tjf;;m~>Tfu~~ <ti~~ 30~o ~0j;·~-«iT~nrITI 84i. "~'' .... '1"' ...;, < . > ~ ., ,. 1' . 1 . " . ,C ;. ,. : "1 ~ 1 c;, T ~ o :«'isi,;'"otr-1~ ~ \ ~ l' (<;,'Z' tIT <~'t 't 'qi!~~:- 7-f:?'T- cfi 'I ;: - ;, £ 3={N~m1-~ <fi ~ ~ ~ ~ 'l«r"f <IT '°''"',;., ~ -..,ttt <it '3'Q'-~ 1« ~, m ~ ~~~-furnir cfiT '<ITTl1s *~·if~~- 3frnm~1 ~' · 'Cf{~ O'f-3:if~cnfr~ 'in°~~ Tf ~ ~1-3wfll' ~ «"it 'l'f<R <B ~ ~Pffict ~ ~ ctcn 3~ ~ m c f;~ ~'!RT~~ i,i'ir m ~~-ru. qft ~ -?r fu:rm· ~ir~<nT~<.f.~~ I SS. ( 1 ) q,_ftr ~ ~ <fi T~~~ 3{T"{ i:'*'m.ft ~ q1<J.'f if .:qMl~>..!i, ~(ITT-'~<IT ~, 1908 .?i 31.R;Jr 20, R<fP.' 12 if~ Tifu "{{ ml~ cm-~mt:Ac;',l'~n<S~~~ :- ~~4·mr~mw~ cfiT fu~ 3-Ty.T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~T <F.\· 'lJ;F{ YT 'l'.[q"'\" cfi -~· <t, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ citt ~ ~ "'il"Q;, ii]'~.~~. ~-.:ruT 'ls"cR ~ ~ ~'T cf.1 ~ nq, ~ ~ f("ft!, wit 4Tffil' cf.tl11' 3-ITT" ~,TI' ~ -V.'£<:rr-m~ I 1908 ~ ~ 20 I mt1' 12 ~ fcn",f~ itfu ~ 'BTfMCT m cfi1' " ~ ii, !; [l j ( 2) ~ 1rfsf;m ~ if ~ ~ 'l-TI mf~ ~ ~ (!"~T ~c:rcfiTt 1<ffi ~ <f.l~ 3-f.<l' \la.I fucfill.i ~ 82, 83 ~ 84 #. 3-~1?.' ~ ( 1;--q;;:f) I ~ <fi ~· m;n:r ffe. I I ~ ~' ~ IDU ~ 3p:f-qzj°~ ~1-qusr ~~ct~~ il' ~ ';:;'.:(T'Qffi<l ~ ~11i'F1 I I \ • i;mTQ 85A-87] ~ ~ ~ ~T ~. 1981 [ 251 %', ~ vef-<R."m fir<h"TI o.fit ~ m ~ if ~.f.?.id ~ff~ ~ -~ "tl° m <lfr<fi~ cfiT<t ~ 1t 61 I C~) -.r-<Ar ~ ~m- cn1· <f:T.f<Ut it~~ 'flfan ~ ~ lWw. fclirm <f{'*-f0' \• ~ ~ ~f.;qq, 1955 ,.f,j· ~ ~1 ~l ( Tf ) ~ -.1t.f1' 1 1R it 3111w,i:rur r.n't ~~ cn't ~1 if otv.FZl-a:T ~rr mfucfiH ~ ~ 3F-f ,r;rfucfiRf ~ ~-~ch ~-fiT ~ 31fm::ru.q -q·f.mffuTm~<fil 31:J:WIT ..t it~ ,~<tt ~1-~ <'IIC?>-~t1~1 ~ ~ ~{~ c.\1T cfifl' 3r-d. ~TIT ?.f Rm 10f~-'aj'4 31fcts:f>'101 t 31fslt .,.;rq if 1:ffi'lm<fif I ( .=r) mfcm:TI r.fi 1r'4T 'P.cR ~ ~ ~mf .rntr fcf,-q- 61 <fl. ?i1' ~ ~ fi Tf1J:: ~ ~ -w.:ft ~ Z:Rc!,HT tITTW mT<IT qfl~«« ~ f1G:filfM 3.ffuf~. 1955 ,f; ~ mcr,ro· l{fnrr 1:!R ~ I ( ~) ~ 'nm ~nUT 6Ci'.'f cr.;t cfi!lld.H\1 if~~ cS<~ ~ ~ i'f ~~rm~~~3:r,:q-~,m't~~'Bn'f;) ~I SSA. ,t{~"";y, t7:.,:-.Q1.:;rr 3'.iR ~fif-iif"l~ ~ <fi ~ ~' ~:r ~~ 3f("( ~f'a.T x1~. ~~~~ ~~T 1-(1)~ tjt~fu.rr~m mf~ &ITT~~- ~m.Tcnm qi"l- ~ ~- cfi, m 3.\:l'4R1 if~~ <i, fcfrrno ~ ~tr ii' fum ~. ~"Cffl!f, ~ cr. <>R llPT, ~ m ']:1it, ~t-m:ff"ffi'IT, ~~~ • .;, ~- ~'f!Z{R<K~~. ~~' i:!Jfl1;~, <>cc..c;,rr, ~. ~. m-~~, t11€.:io.1i m 3i~~~1"1~~ 3-~~"Q."*~ ~ ~ <fi ~"ft~~ 7.ff 3-1-;:q ~ q1113 m f.,t;rq <fi ~ c:1i't -;,;r «c;-i(ll t, faf:rr 1f!i ~ M fcl;m ~ ir ~ ~"rr ~;m <h1" &ZR qjf ~ t ·ITT:;,n 3~- fcr.m -g;fffi:r~%rfti. ~ cfrt ~ fu'i' % ~ .~·-?f ~ fuf~~ 3r"cITT1' ~ 'lftW- ~ ~ m ~~ cf,1" trcr t 3-l'tt '%"~ ~ ~ ~ 3-t~&rr cfil ~ <R1'r 1 ' m 86.~~11« ~ ,. . .-.1c: -~l ;- ~~'Cf{~,~~ ctiTi ~. 1870(T:io 7, ·1s7o)ir~fc'fi1..fP~Rrr.t~·~t!r'itl f-11-18-tfoia. m-i:if ;a..~~~, :;rqnif <r; ~l';:'1~ ·?f wfW-lm l::ffi 1rR'u.1:f.rn, ~ cm:: al\-,~ cl,f ·~ -;;ff 'L,'1' i:?l. <R]' ~ 'ITT'lT :- ( 'cfi') ~ ~ 'i:lT&UIT ~ ~; ~m ~ ;, ( <?.°) ~ ?TI' -irri:r ~'qt~~ "f.lT\;UT,. lfr:l,©-0( cf,j ·fRQ:; (<r) '>112.~i, ~~,tQ,T, jchfllf~', ~' ~ :ai'tt ~zrfumq;r~ c?i~; (lf) m ,.,.qfu~~ ~l"r !.kl~-i,;{Uf ~ \l!&dt 3ffi ~fl· jc.Fi+\(1.-\lif m,c;,,1f1 3frz 3'Rl:~ T{'lTQ>l' m ~Ticcfil <Fi fu'Q:; 3ft{ Cs.) ~smn ~ ~ 1 - ' 87. f.r~~ cfi ~ ~ 1;.m ~ Tfit ~(it~~ (interim) ·' f.ll)~T~T -qifur ~ 3ITT ~~WI qiT efiw ·f.:frra ~TI I~~ fu,m= -~ -...:+ ......Q.~ -="I- o-rfrr.,.,.... o~ -n,- T\-rrr ~ =m f"::n,-',- ~ ~ r.,m- ,;,., -e=rr 7JT 25? 1 ,ti" ~ ~ fu:qr ~ ~ ~r cf.t ~ -~ «rra: ~r 3,1{~1 qrfur ~ ~r of-mt~ nm~~ -rr~-1:1f~-T:ffi:or. 1908 <ii 6{1~ 39 -;J; ~fl ¢Qc.,.,._ ~ifrj l 88. ~ ~,4,ura<.ff ~ ~. m1i'lr"\ a.'!lfu: <i; em- i\' ~ ~ ~ m-·~·pa,;~ qit°~ 8-i ~ :f!ld"1 :· ~, ~ ~ <ITTrit afrr ~ wu Rd~ <fi ~~- ( ~) ~ ~ ur ~ 3lUl-i" ~ Tfct t-~ mtr«r ~ ~ a{1:Wf Mu o,; <fil4ctl~lli~~. ~~~~rcm~qftffi"R~; am ( <!!") ~ ~ ~ 3-T<.11-l m ~~ ~ fu:im" 3'R{ fufu' ~ fa:;m ~- 3~ <5i:t' qjf ~ q;"{ ~ ";;:iT ~ 1rffi fuf~ ~ %m -;;rr~m; < 11) ~'cfilt ~ m ~ fu-~ ~ ~ fq;m zy} <if ~ cfi\ ~. M' "FT~; arrr ~~~<tr~ mi.m· (ll') ~~~am~-~qi"{~~~-~~m'<f ct,{'"\( ~ m~~ m~r ~- "&Uif if~ fcnm i:.;m ~~ ~cfiIB{(~~m~cfifuim~m~ 1l f.lf~ m ~-qr~ Rim~ qi)"~ m ~ q:;r ~ ~~,~1 ~ ! «f-tt!!i<ct ~- ~ IBlf m'<'i ~r ~ ~ <ftfuo -01 8'1. a.a~~~ ;- ( 1 ) 3''QTR 3~ lllJ.:qj ~ 3ffi" ~ ~ °iittl ~( ~1) 3'~, 1 w.q ~WU~ cITT<o ~ l=lm <ii fiR;n ~cim mllf it~ c 3) ~ ~ a~~ ~f ~ ~ i:i 3lh -a~ en f.fqf<ttl' ~rr f· f;ii,m ~ 1% ~-it-cl'ilf wfteyur ~ m ~ ct t tn<a C hf fufc«;, ~T-i<R ~ ~ ~ ..., I ~ tlt"'Qio:,<*i m ~ ~«< =rr ~ ~ tiU!f"ttci( ~ it("4iq-,'i <fil '- ! ~ 3=.t{ 3-r-f"--:O:- ~ 6T I •· ( 4 ) ~ cfi ~ ~h- ~ ~ ~ ~ 9.{41" "C[iRf ~ l!:ff{lJT cfi{Ti ! ( s) 3-;.-.f.i ~ ~ <fi "9.<ITlT ir fc:fie!; ,·ro; ~ ~ ~r ful";,-~~ ~ffim ~ .aft{ <R" <R ~r fufu :.i:i1<n('14 it~~,· o3lm ""11 ~ ~ ~ cffG: <E ~ "rl ii· m 1fm-~ cfi ~ fu;m 3r:<:i ""''4cH{i ci; ~ it I 90. ~~ ~~!{"",<l!<Q°~{;l't\t: 6i~ zj- ~ ~fyra :~,{fl ~ cnT 3fcf"c.lRUTW . cfi ~2f, ~~ ft.~ ft~~ f-~ ciTG; mm,~ r~ G1T ~ ~ 0 rt,(«1< ~. 19os cfi ~ Z:fQ<l', ~ ~ ~- fu"fcttf ,4(4(c1ll -q' ~ -~ :- am~~~n?.IT~,. (~) mt~<f>l·WIR~ ~:4>!.!qaG, ~ ~ l ( "{g) ~~ G'iT ~ arr< ~ ~- ~ <ti'r ~~ ~ I ( <s) < , > ., 1 + 1 ; ~~T~ ' ~ + 1< > ; . > - < .- . , ; " 1 + co(<M• lt;~ \:' L~ U.~R-~' .; I ; i . , . " ;: :. ~ '" ''~"',., ~, ~,m~~~Tt~1;1 I ~-mJ 9), ~ <l>,l' 3i-fv.<6!koi< hl' °Q.ut"l ;- ~· *-'~ it" 3R.1"1!.TI "3"Qc!"fU<i r , l umif 92 93 1 ~ ~ fc:lq:;m mftrer.R :m'~, 1981 [ 253 ~ ~ Tfil ~ m fqf.,1;!tjcf fi ~ ~ ~ cfil<f, ~ eficrn < ET mifTI «T ftr.m ~ <SI Yl'.Wf "cnr~ ~ ~ <5" "fm: ctiW f.lu.·tmrr ".fG,' 1:1°~ ml ~10 ~.~am~-i '. ~"'~fu~· :- ( ,, f . 92. 1 )~~m-<:nR~~'"[i"~"(<:l-f.,;;f-;R~ ~ fi::{q; ¥B" ~ ";i; ~ ~ ~ mT Tim WT~~;~~°¥ °t 3TI, s:,T-fm ~~ q',l. mi- it ~cf.r ~ ~~ ~ 3llct¥<.ten t, "ill~ . ~ mw~'m~ if an~ cf;~ vir mii:ro ~ ~;.ft- -fci, m:~ ~ an"cJi wrrr l ~~mfr@· -?i- mR.o ~ ~ ;;mwrr 3ih" ~~ ~ ~ "P,>"T TI'fr.,U ~ I ( 2)~~i:i·- c~) ~- w:rr ~~. 3-.n f.tfucl WR, -mm~~--~ m ~ wn ~~ m', ~ mG>IT ~ f.ift=r m ~ WU cRi~ ifi\"; ( ~) ~ .J; f;,iir nit Tim ~.:ft- "l<!l~ ~ ~ mc\'iIT -.ii- ~~ '[i"~l ("l"f) ~ v~ ~e m fi~ .~ . \I{f~ofi~>lq*~i'. ~~<S~ ('i'.i') ~·fcntfrmrn~. \I{f~-1,JU~:~"Of"ITT~~m. am ~ clil~ of>f.r~ Jf~~ os (Gi) if ~iz ~~. Mi"v.T ~R ~~.<S~~.;,~cfiT~~~~ ~<P"lTI '.Jr"', h~ ath-~ :- (1) ~ ~11o,~~-?1-- ('i:",:) ~rm 30~~~-zj-~, ~ 1-m~-v.ru( 2)<S ~ 1 ·wm- ~ ~ ( ~ ~ )'.1f1~ ~Ti~ ""fl"K~~: I , ( ·, ,1, , = m ~r, ~~~~). 19s1 :9,T{ w.m ~~ffi"..r-T ~ ~M('{~h-~lT4'i' l.~ 3!t°Qi" "R6~ ), °fi"&.IT 1948 ( ~ 23, 1948 ) '',•H•l'l'i~~t '·i·1Cr-fc1~~~.v,m~Cf~~cra~~~~~-it"c: ( ·,); ( 1~ ; . .. ) • 19s1 ~ :am ~ it 'ilfcra ~ ~ ~ am c.~ "'{<R" ~ ·, ..... i, ·,,.,:;r 3~- <fi V<fn ~ <5\' (ITTT6 'fl' 3'1R-ci~fcltfi-t it -.i110)1 I Pd,·• : ,;gl(j'f~~31v.:irw, 1981 (~3'{&iT~~ ·:91, , ~J ,. ,:,; "t~ f.rct'ira %v.T ~ fr 1_ ( u ) .1, ·, .:. ·.,;-(1 ~ 'l-,-f\' ~ ~ <$" 1,11.T <1.i' a:f'..W. ~ jd,,.Jt Vlfua .···\.~ •. 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(I) In the cesc of Arun Kumar Mukherjee vs. State of Bihar (CWJC No. ;-·;-,rio1990) decided on 29 11. 1996 (Reported in 1997 (1) PLJR 369) 1 Blh[ir Regional Development Authority Act, 1en1 Section 54-P.R.D.A. while examining each case by ser.cJing its team to y.,r\ty !acts on the site of construction, must permit the builder to carry on the oonslructlon, if it is found that building plan has been duly sanctioned in accord nnce with the bye laws and the rules and construction is also being carried out In accordance with the sanctioned plan. but in those cases where construction I!, not In accordance with sanctioned plan or where sanctioned plan has been obtained contrary to the relevant bye laws, rules etc. the authorities must stop ti\e builder from constructing any turther till he removes the offending part of the construction or modifies or corrects the sanctioned plan, so that they may be brought in accordance with the building bye laws. Bihar Regior:al Development Authority Act, 1981-Section 5~-ln cases where a builder seeks permission to resume construction and produces before the Vice-Chairman, PROA, the sanctioned plan, on ptim« tacie satisfaction the PROA may permit him to continue with the construction subject to the ultimate result after verfication of lhe building plan and actual construction work-if on final verification of the sanctioned plan 'and the actual construction work done, deviation is found the builder shall not object to the demolition of such structure on the mere ground that he was allowed to raise the construction provisionally In cases of compoundable deviation the PADA may exercise its discretion but in cases where the deviation is not compoundable, the PROA will direct the builder ~~w~~- . (ii) kam Natt, Arore vs. State of Bihar (CWJC No. 7204/97) decided on 3.10.1997 (Reported in 1997 (2) PLJR 847 Civic Amernties-Widening of roads and lanes-Building constructed against validly sanctioned plan need not be disturbed. In such a case. tile au thorities may initiate :c1.nd acquisition proceeding or with consent of the owner of the property get the required land for widening the road/lane. There is a clear dis a: tinction between tho buildings constructed in accordance with sanctioned plan and those constructed without it. The only thing the authority can do in a case I j where a building was constructed on the basis of a sanctioned plan is to verify whether or not in actuality the construction conformed with the sanctioned plan. A building claimed to have been constructed in accordance with the sanctioned plan cannot be subjected to the rough and ready device 01 putting a mark on it and compelling tile demolition of the marked portion. In case rt is found. that the building is in accordance with tile sanctioned plan, the Authority must leave its l owner in peace. !· (vi) building and 1he land appertatnlnq thereto- Petit'or- allowec.i--Orders passed ac corclingly. [Constitution of India, Article 226. Mis. Dornco (Pvt.) Ltd. vi, Ronci» ReaionstD evelopment Aut/Jority, Ranchi, 2005(2} JCR 3 (Jhr). -Sec·m:m$ 35 and 37-Unauthorised construction-Demolitlon oI.-1\p plication Ior sanction for construction of building filed-No document to show that t;·,e notice was actually sent and served on the applicant to rectify defects-No reasons recorded for rejecting the applicaiior and such refusal together wit It ri?n· sonsnot communicated to the petitioner-General notice puolished in newspaper rcga;ding demolition of buildings constructed without sanction-Vice-Ct·airman failed to exercise his statutory duty while rejecting the application-There is total non application of mind by the Vice-Chairman. Heid : The Vice-Chairman is required to act strictly in accordance with the provisions of Section 37 oi the said Act, reputa tions and bye-laws for the time being in force in the matter of disposal of app1ica tions for grant of sanction. The Vlco-Ohairrnan is not supposed to exercise his dis cretion on the basis of executive instructions unless the provisions, regulations and bye-laws aro amended or modified. The Vieu-chairman must boar m n ,ind that ho is exercising statutory duty conferred upon him while dealing with the appiication for grant of sanction of plan for construction of builjing. 1/yas MuniBupta vs. Ranchi Rogior:al Devoiopment Auttiorlty; 2002 (1) JCFl 270 (Jhr). se~~ti<.ms 35 and 37-Sar.ction of constructlon oi .ouHding--Vice Chair ma:;;',; ref1.1sal lo sar.clion-Brief statement staling reasons forr such refusal c.:1-.c corr-munlcatlon of H1e refusal to person concerned necessary.-lf no order passed within 4 months from the date of application and no refusal is corrmunicated to person concerned givo notice regarding presumed sanction if contrary i:; not received or notified within 30 days from the date or receipt of notice. If the Vice Chalrman refuses to accord sanction, t-ie shall record a brief statement of his rea sons for such refusal and communicate the refusal ;:.dong witn the reasons thereof to n,e person concerned. Sub-section (5) of Section ::!7 further provides ~hat if no order in vvl'iting is passed by the Vice-Chairman within a period of 4 months from the date of the application and no refusal is communicated to the person concerned then the person concerned or applicant shall give a notice under registered post intimating tnat sanction shall be presumed if nothing, to the contrary, is received or notified • within 30 days from the date of receipt. Vyas Muni Gupta vs. Ranchi Roqioru: Dove/opment Authority, 2002('1) JCR 270 (Jhr). --£ecilorn 38-Agreement to selt=-Does not create any interest in the prop· erty-··-Such right can be enforced only by filing a regular suit for specific perform· ance of contract. Harjindor Singh Choudhary vs. Rencni Regional Development 2005 (2) JCR 200 (~lhr). -Zecv.lon 38-Buiiding Plan-:cancslllng the sanction ot-Substantialit~ of-No notice to show cause or opportunity of hearing given before passing thE order-violation of mandatory requiroment=-Ordor of cancellation of sanction can not be sustained in law. Harijinder Singh Choudhary vs. Ra"nchi Regional Develop ment Authority, 2004, 2004(1) JCR 58 (Jll:-). -Sseiior. 3l-S~nctionedp !an-Gancellation or.-Wilhout giving notice Ir show cause OJ opportuni!y of hearing to the person in whoso favour plan was sane cioned-f\lot proper-Order of cancellation quashed. ,.._. ./ arjinderS ingh Choudhary vi Bench Regional Dovelopment, 2005 (2) JCR 200 (Jhr). 11