The UTTAR PRADESH RURAL HOUSING BOARD ACT, 1982

307 THE UTTAR PRADESH RURAL HOUSING BOARD ACT, 1982 [U.P. ACT NO. 27 OF 1983] [As passed by the Uttar Pradesh Legislature Assembly] AN ACT to provide for the establishment, incorporation and functioning of a Housing and Development Board primarily for the rural areas in Uttar Pradesh. IT IS HEREBY enacted in the Thirty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-- CHAPTER I Preliminary Short title, 1- (1) This Act may be called the Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983. extend and (2) It extends to the whole of Uttar Pradesh, excluding areas and lands owned, commencement requisitioned or taken on lease by the Central Government for the purpose of defence. (3) It shall come into force on such date as the State Government may, by notification, appoint in this behalf. Definitions 2- In this Act- (a) “Board” means the Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board established under section 3; (b) “Chairman” means the Chairman of the Board; (c) “Housing Scheme” means a housing scheme prepared in accordance with the provisions of this Act; (d) “land” includes benefits arising out of land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth; (e) “member” means a member of the Board and includes a Chairman; (f) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules; (g) “programme” means the annual housing programme prepared by the Board under section 25; (h) “rural area” means the area of a district excluding – (i) every city as defined in the Uttar Pradesh Nagar Mahapalika Adhiniyam, 1959, (ii) every municipality as defined in the United Provinces Municipalities Act, 1916, (iii) every notified area as defined in the United Provinces Municipalities Act, 1916, (iv) every town area declared and defined under the United Provinces Town Areas Act, 1914, 308 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 3-4] (v) area declared as “development area” under section 3 of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973, (vi) area covered by any housing or improvement scheme under the Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Adhiniyam, 1965. (vii) area covered by any housing or improvement scheme under any other enactment; unless the State Government, after consultation with the competent authority under the aforesaid relevant enactment, declares any such area or part of the area for the purposes of this Act; (i) “Tribunal” means a tribunal constituted under section 40. CHAPTER II Establishment of the Board Power to 3- (1) With effect from such date as the State Government may, by notification, establish Rural appoint in this behalf, there shall be established for the rural areas of the State, a Housing Board Board by the name of the Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board. (2) The Board shall be a body corporate and for the purposes of this Act, and any other law for the time being in force including the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, it shall be deemed to be a local authority. Composition 4- (1) The Board shall consist of the following members, namely :- of the Board {(a) one person to be nominated as Chairman by the State - Chairman Government;}1 (b) Three non-official persons to be nominated as members - Member by the State Government; (c) Adyaksh, Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad, ex- - Member officio; (d) Director, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee - Member (Saharanpur), ex-officio; (e) Secretary, Finance Department, Government of Uttar - Member Pradesh, ex-officio; (f) Secretary, Planning Department, Government of Uttar - Member Pradesh, ex-officio; (g) Secretary, Institutional Finance Department, Government - Member of Uttar Pradesh, ex-officio; (h) Secretary, Harijan Sahayak and Social Welfare - Member Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, ex-officio; (i) Principal, Government Arts College, Lucknow, ex-officio; - Member 1- Substituted by section 2 of U.P. Act no. 17 of 1997. 309 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 5-7] (j) Director, Building Organization, Ministry of Works and - Member Housing, Government of India, ex-officio; (k) Chief Engineer, Rural Engineering Service, ex-officio; - Member (l) Senior Architect, Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas - Member Parishad, ex-officio; (m) Advisor, Project Planning, Uttar Pradesh Development - Member Systems Corporation Ltd., ex-officio; (n) Rural Housing Commissioner, Uttar Pradesh Housing - Member Board, ex-officio; (2) An officer referred to in clauses (e), (f), (g) and (h) of sub-section (1) may, instead of attending a meeting of the Board himself, depute an officer next junior to him available in his department to attend the meeting. The officer so deputed shall have the right to take part in the proceedings of the meeting and shall also have the right to vote. (3) The nomination of the members other than ex-officio members shall be notified in the Gazette. (4) A member of the Board, other than ex-officio, member, may at any time, resign his office by writing under his signature to the State Government, but the resignation shall not take effect until it is accepted. Terms and 5- (1) The term of every member, other than ex-officio member, shall be three conditions of years unless it is determined earlier by the State Government by a notified order. membership (2) The members of the Board may be paid such allowances as may be prescribed. (3) The allowances payable under this section shall be paid from the fund of the Board. Power to fill 6- (1) When there is a temporary vacancy in the office of the Chairman, the State temporary Government may appoint another person to act as Chairman during the period of vacancy in such vacancy, and the person so appointed shall, for the purposes of this Act, be the office of deemed to be the Chairman. Chairman (2) If any member of the Board other than the Chairman is by infirmity or otherwise rendered temporarily incapable of carrying out his duties or is absent on leave or on any other ground not resulting in the cessation of his membership, the State Government may appoint another person to officiate for him and carry out his function under this Act, or any rule or regulation made thereunder. Disqualification 7- (1) A person shall be disqualified for being appointed or continuing as a for member of the Board if he; membership (a) holds, except as provided in sections 5 and 6, any office of profit under the Board; (b) is of unsound mind; (c) is an undercharged insolvent; (d) has been convicted for an offence involving moral turpitude; 310 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 8-10] (e) has directly or indirectly by himself or be any partner, employer or employee, any share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature in any contract or employment with, by or on behalf of the Board; (f) is a director, secretary, manager or other salaried officer of any incorporated company which has any share or interest in any contract or employment with, by or on behalf of the Board. (2) A person shall not be disqualified under clause (e) or clause (f) of sub-section (1) or be deemed to have any share or interest in any contract or employment within the meaning of the said clauses, by reason only of his or the incorporated company of which he is a director, secretary, manager or other salaried officer, having a share or interest in – (a) any sale purchase, lease or exchange of immovable property or any agreement for the same: (b) any agreement for loan of money or any security for payment of money only; (c) any newspaper in which any advertisement relating to the affairs of the Board is published; (d) the occasional sale to the Board, up to a value not exceeding ten thousand rupees in any one year, of any article in which he or the company regularly trades. Explanation— A person shall not deemed to have any share or interest in any contract or employment with, by or on behalf of, the Board by reason only of his being a shareholder of a company which has such share or interest. Disqualific 8- (1) A member of the Board or of a committee appointed by the Board who – ation from (a) has any share or interest of the nature described in clause (e) or clause (f) participati of sub-section (1) of section 7 in respect of any matter, or ng in Board’s (b) has acted professionally in relation to any matter on behalf of any person proceeding having therein any such share or interest as aforesaid, s. shall not, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2) of section 7, vote or take part in any proceeding of the Board or of its committee relating to such matter. (2) If any member of the Board or of its committee has directly or indirectly any interest in any land situated in any area comprised in any of the schemes framed under this Act, or in any area in which it is proposed to acquire land for any of the purposes of this Act, he shall not take part in any meeting of the Board or its committee in which any matter relating to such land is considered. Certain 9- Any disqualification of or defect in the appointment of any person as a member of acts the Board or any vacancy or defect in the constitution of the Board, shall not vitiate or not to be invalidate any act or proceeding of the Board if such act or proceeding is otherwise in invalid accordance with the provisions of this Act. Rural 10 (1) There shall be a Rural Housing Commissioner appointed by the State Housing - Government for the purposes of this Act. Commissi oner (2) The conditions of service of the Rural Housing Commissioner shall be such as may be prescribed. He shall be remunerated from the fund of the Board. 311 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 11-15] Officers and 11- (1) Subject to such control and restriction as may from time to time be servants of imposed by the State Government, by special or general orders, the Board may Board appoint such officers and servants as it considers necessary for the efficient performance of its functions. (2) The terms and conditions of service of the officers and servants appointed under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed. (3) The Board may, with the previous approval of the State Government, appoint a servant of the Central or State Government or of a local authority on any of the posts under it on such term and conditions as may be agreed upon. Control over 12- Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder, the Rural Board’s Housing Commissioner shall exercise supervision and control over all the officers employees and servants of the Board. Delegation of 13- (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules, the Board may by powers general or special order delegate, either unconditionally or subject to such conditions, including the conditions of review by itself, as may be specified in the order to any committee appointed by it or to the Rural Housing Commissioner or to any other officer of the Board such of its powers and duties under this Act, as it may deem necessary. (2) Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules, the Rural Housing Commissioner may by general or special order delegate, either unconditionally or subject to such conditions, including the condition of review by himself, as may be specified in the order, to any officer of the Board such of his powers and duties under this Act, not being powers and duties delegated to him under sub-section (1), as he may deem necessary. CHAPTER III Housing Scheme Framing of 14- (1) Whenever the Board is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient to meet Housing the need for housing accommodation in any area, the Board may frame a housing Scheme scheme. (2) Such scheme shall specify the lay-out of the area where the houses are to be constructed and may provide for the building of houses by the Board and by others. (3) The Board may lease out or sell, including sale on hire-purchase basis, any house so built by the Board. (4) The Board may provide in the area roads, streets, drainage, water-supply, street lighting, community buildings and other amenities. Inclusion of 15- If the Board, while framing a housing scheme in respect of a rural area, areas other considers it necessary for the purpose of construction of houses under the scheme than rural to include, in the scheme, an area which is contiguous to such rural area but which areas in the is not a rural area, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any other law scheme for the time being in force, the State Government may, after consultation with the competent authority within whose jurisdiction such land lies, declare such land to be rural area for the purposes of this Act and, and such declaration, it shall be lawful for the Board to include such area in the scheme. 312 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 16-17] Matters to be 16- Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in provided in force, a housing scheme may provide for all or any of the following matters, the Housing namely – scheme (a) acquisition by purchase, exchange or otherwise of any property necessary for or affected by the execution of the scheme; (b) laying out or relaying out of any land comprised in the schemes; (c) distribution or redistribution of sites belonging to owners of property comprised in the scheme; (d) clearance or demolition of dwellings or portions of dwellings unfit for human habitation; (e) demolition of buildings or portions of buildings causing obstruction in the proposed layout; (f) construction and re-construction of buildings; (g) sale (including sale on hire purchase basis), letting or exchange of any property comprised in the scheme; (h) construction or alteration of roads, streets, lanes, bridges, culverts and cause-ways; (i) drainage, water supply or lighting of the area included in the scheme; (j) shops, schools, parks, playing grounds and open spaces for the benefit of any area comprised in the scheme or any adjoining area, and the enlargement of existing parks, playing grounds, open spaces and approaches; (k) sanitary arrangements required for the area comprised in the scheme, including the conservation and prevention of any injury or contamination of rivers or other sources and means of water supply; (l) accommodation for members of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, socially and educationally backward classes of people , agricultural labourers, economically weaker sections of the people and any other class of inhabitants; (m) advance of loans for the purposes of the scheme; (n) facilities for communication and transport; (o) collection of such information and statistics as may be necessary for the purposes of this Act; (p) any other matter which may be prescribed. Restrictions 17- (1) Subject to the provisions of section 15 no housing scheme shall be made on the under this Act for any area for which a housing or an improvement scheme has Housing been sanctioned by the State Government under any enactment for the time being Schemes in force nor shall any such housing scheme contain anything which is inconsistent with any of the matters included in a town planning scheme sanctioned by the State Government. (2) If any dispute arises whether a housing scheme made under this Act includes any area included in housing or an improvement scheme or contains anything inconsistent with any matter included in a town planning scheme referred to in sub-section (1), the decision of State Government shall be final. 313 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 18-21] Notice of 18- (1) When any housing scheme has been framed, the Board shall prepare a notice Housing to that effect specifying- schemes (a) the boundaries of the area comprised in the scheme; (b) the dates, hours and place or places at which a map of the area particulars of the scheme, and details of the land proposed to be acquired may be seen; and (c) the date by which objections to the scheme may be made. (2) The Board shall- (a) cause the said notice to be published weekly for three consecutive weeks in (i) the Gazette and (ii) two daily newspapers, having circulation in the area comprised in the scheme at least one of which shall be a Hindi newspaper; and (b) send a copy of the notice to the local authority or authorities within whose jurisdiction the area comprised in the scheme lies. (3) The Rural Housing Commissioner shall cause copy of any document referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) to be delivered to any applicant on payment of such fee as may be provided by regulations Notice of 19- Within six weeks from the date on which any notice is first published under proposed section 18 in respect of any housing scheme, the Board shall serve a notice in such acquisition form, on such persons or classes of persons and in such manner as may be prescribed, stating that the Board proposes to acquire any specified land or building for the execution of the scheme. Objections 20- (1) Any local authority to whom a copy of the notice has been sent under clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 18 may, within sixty days from the receipt of the copy of the notice, file any objection against the scheme. (2) Any person on whom a notice under section 19 has been served may, within thirty days from the service of the notice, or within such further time as the Board may, for sufficient cause, allow, make an objection in writing to the Board against the scheme or the proposed acquisition. (3) Any other person may file an objection against the scheme within the time specified in the notice under section 18. Abandonment, 21- (1) After considering the objections, if any, received in pursuance of the modification foregoing provisions and after giving an opportunity of being heard to the or sanction of objectors, the Board may, so far as may be, within six months from the date of scheme receipt of the last such objection, either abandon the scheme, or submit it to the State Government for sanction with such modifications, if any, as the Board may suggest. (2) The State Government may sanction with or without modifications, or refuse to sanction, or return for re-consideration, any scheme submitted to it under sub-section (1). (3) If a scheme, returned for reconsideration under sub-section (2), is modified by the Board it shall be republished in accordance with section 18— 314 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 22-24] (a) if the modification affects the boundaries of the area comprised in the scheme or involves acquisition of any land or building not previously proposed to be acquired; or (b) if the modification is, in the opinion of the Board, of sufficient importance to require republication; and, on such republication, the procedure prescribed in section 19 and section 20 shall, so far as may be applicable, be followed as if the republication were an original publication under section 18. Commencement 22- (1) Whenever the State Government sanctions a housing scheme, it shall be of scheme notified in Gazette. (2) The notification, under sub-section (1), in respect of any scheme shall be conclusive evidence that the scheme has been duly framed and sanctioned. (3) The scheme shall come into force on the date of the notification under sub- section (1). Alteration 23- (1) At any time after a housing scheme has come into force and before it is fully of scheme executed, the Board may for reasons to be recorded alter or cancel it: Provided that- (a) before making any alteration in a housing scheme which involves acquisition, otherwise than by agreement, of any land or building not proposed to be acquired in the original scheme, the Board shall serve a notice, in such form, on such persons or classes of persons and in such manner, as may prescribed, of the proposed alteration, and consider the objection, if any, received in pursuance of the notice within thirty days from the service of the notice or within such further time as the Board may, for sufficient cause, allow, and give an opportunity of being heard to the objectors; (b) no scheme shall be altered or cancelled without the previous sanction of the State Government. (2) Any alteration or cancellation of a scheme under sub-section (1) shall be notified in the Gazette and have effect from the date of such notification, so, however, that any such modification shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under the original scheme. Restriction on 24- (1) Where a notice has been published under section 18 in respect of a housing building in scheme, no person shall, until the scheme is abandoned, or sanctioned, and if the area proposed scheme has come into force, during a period of two years from the date of its for or commencement, erect, re-erect, add to, or alter any building or otherwise develop comprised in a any land in the area comprised in the scheme except in accordance with the scheme scheme and subject to such restrictions and conditions as the Rural Housing Commissioner may, upon an application for permission in this behalf, by order impose. (2) A person aggrieved by an order of the Rural Housing Commissioner, refusing permission or imposing restrictions or conditions under sub-section (1), may, within such time as may be prescribed, appeal to the Board whose decision thereon shall be final. 315 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 25-30] Annual 25- (1) Before the first day of December in each year, the Board shall prepare and budget and forward to the State Government in such form as may be prescribed- housing (i) a programme; programme (ii) a budget for the next year. (2) The programme shall contain- (a) such particulars of housing scheme which the Board proposes to execute whether in part or whole during the next year as may be prescribed; (b) the particulars of any undertaking which the Board proposes to organize or execute during the next year for the purpose of the production of building materials; and (c) such other particulars as may be prescribed. (3) The budget shall contain a statement showing the estimated receipts and expenditure on capital and revenue accounts for the next year. Sanctioning of 26- The State Government may sanction the programme and the budget forwards to the programme it with such modifications as it deems fit. The programme and the budget so and budget. sanctioned shall be laid before both the Houses of the State Legislature as soon as may be after they are sanctioned. Supplementary 27- The Board may, at any time, during the year, in respect of which a programme programme has been sanctioned under section 26, submit a supplementary programme and and budget budget to the State Government and the provisions of section 25 shall apply to such supplementary programme and budget. Variation of 28- The Board may at any time vary any programme or any part thereof sanctioned programme by the State Government: Provided that no such variation as affects the scope or purpose of any housing scheme included in such programme shall be made without the previous sanction of the State Government and the provisions of section 26 shall mutatis mutandis apply to such variation. Execution of 29- (1) After the programme has been sanctioned by the State Government under the Housing section 26, the Board shall, subject to the provisions of section 28, proceed to Scheme execute the housing scheme included in the programme. (2) The Board may execute any of the matters provided in a housing scheme through any independent agency. (3) Nothing in sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) shall be construed to prohibit the Board from employing any agency of the State Government or of a local authority with the consent of that Government or authority, as the case may be, in the erecution of any, housing scheme. Vesting of 30- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Gaon Sabha Land Reforms Act, 1950 or in any other law for the time being in force, where any land in the street, square or other land or part thereof belonging to or vested in a Gaon Sabha Board or other local authority is situated within the area included in any housing scheme sanctioned by the State Government and is required for the purposes of such scheme, the Board shall give notice to such Gaon Sabha or local authority, as the case may be, that the same is required for the purpose of the scheme. 316 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 31-34] (2) If the Gaon Sabha or the local authority concurs, such street, square or other land or part thereof shall vest in the Board with effect from the date of such concurrence. (3) If the Gaon Sabha or the local authority does not concur, the dispute shall be referred to the State Government and the decision of the State Government shall be final. (4) Nothing in this Section shall affect the rights or powers of the Gaon Sabha or other local authority over any drain or water-works in such street square or land. Compensation 31- (1) Where any land vests in the Board under section 30 and the Board makes a when payable declaration that such land shall be retained by the Board until it re-vests in the Gaon Sabha or the local authority concerned as part of a street or an open space under section 34, no compensation shall be payble by the Board in respect of such land. (2) Where any land vests in the Board under section 30 and no declaration is made under sub-section (1) in respect of the land, the Board shall pay to the Gaon Sabha or the local authority concerned a sum equal to the market value of the land as compensation. (3) Where the Board has made a declaration in respect of any land under sub- section (1) and the Board detains or disposes of the land contrary to the terms of the declaration so that the land does not re-vest in the Gaon Sabha or other local authority, the Board shall pay compensation in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (2). Power of 32- (1) The Board may turn, divert, discontinue the public use of, or permanently Board to turn close, any public street vested in it or any part thereof. or close public street (2) Whenever the Board discontinues the public use of, or permanently closes, any vested in it public street vested in it or any part thereof, it shall, as far as practicable, provide some other reasonable means of access in lieu thereof and pay reasonable compensation to every person who is entitled, otherwise than as a mere member of the public, to use such street or part as a means of access and has suffered damage from such discontinuance or closure. (3) When any public street or any part thereof, vested in the Board, is permanently closed under sub-section (1), the Board may sell or lease so much of the same as is no longer required by it. Reference of 33- If there is any dispute as to whether any compensation is payable under section certain 31 or section 32 or as to the amount of compensation payable under the said sections, disputes to the the matter shall be referred to the Tribunal and its decision shall be final. tribunal Vesting of 34- (1) Whenever the State Government is satisfied- certain streets (a) that any street laid out or altered by the Board has been duly leveled, and open space paved, metal led, flagged, channeled, severed and drained in the manner in Gaon Sabha provided in the scheme sanctioned by the State Government under section 21; and (b) that such lamps, lamp-posts and other apparatus as the Gaon Sabha considers necessary for the lighting of such street and as ought to be provided by the Board have been so provided; and 317 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 35-37] (c) that water and other sanitary conveniences have been duly provided in such street; the State Government may declare the street to be a public street, and the street shall there upon vest in the Goan Sabha and shall thereupon be maintained, kept in repair, lighted and cleaned by such Gaon Sabha. (2) When any open space for purposes of ventilation or recreation has been provided by the Board in executing any housing scheme, it shall, on completion, be transferred to the Gaon Sabha concerned by resolution of the Board, and shall thereupon vest in and be maintained at the expense of such Gaon Sabha. (3) If any dispute arises between the Board and the Gaon Sabha in respect of any matter referred to in this section, the matter shall be referred to the State Government whose decision shall be final. Other duties 35- It shall be the duty of the Board to take measures with a view to expediting of the Board and cheapening construction of buildings, and the Board may for that purpose do all things for- (a) unification, simplification and standardization of building materials; (b) encouraging pre-fabrication and mass production of house components; (c) organizing or undertaking the production of building materials required for the housing schemes; (d) encouraging research for discovering cheap building materials and evolving new methods of economic construction; (e) securing a steady and sufficient supply of workmen trained in the work of construction of buildings; (f) doing all such other acts and things as may be necessary for the discharge of the duties before mentioned. Reconstitution 36- The Board shall have the power to provide- of plots (a) for the formulation of reconstituted plot by the alterations of the boundaries of an original plot; (b) with the consent of the owners that two or more original plots each of which is held in ownership severally or jointly shall, with or without alteration of boundaries be held in ownership in common as a reconstituted plot; (c) for the allotment of a plot to any owner dispossessed of land in furtherance of the housing scheme; and (d) for the transfer of ownership of a plot from one person to another. CHAPTER IV Acquisition and Disposal of Land Powers to 37- (1) The Board may enter into an agreement with any person for the acquisition purchase or from him by purchase, lease or exchange of any land which is needed for the lease by purposes of a housing scheme or any interest in such land or for compensating the agreement owner of any such right in respect of any deprivation thereof or interference therewith. 318 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 38-42] (2) Any land or any interest therein required by the Board for any of the purposes of this Act may also be acquired under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 as amended in its application to Uttar Pradesh. Power to 38- Subject to any rules made by the State Government under this Act, the Board dispose of may retain lease, sell exchange or otherwise dispose of, any land, building or other land etc. property vesting in it and situate in the area comprised in any housing scheme sanctioned under this Act. Dispute 39- (1) Where as a result of the execution of any housing scheme, any plot is re- regarding constituted or any person is dispossessed from any land, any person affected by reconstitution such re-constitution or dispossessed may apply to the Board, in the manner of plots. prescribed, for compensation. (2) The Board may after making such inquiry as it thinks fit, determine the amount of compensation, if any, payable to the applicant. (3) If the applicant is dissatisfied with the decision of the Board under sub- section (2), he may prefer an appeal to the Tribunal in such manner as may be prescribed. (4) The Board shall pay the amount of compensation determined under sub- section (2) or sub-section (3), as the case may be, to the person found entitled thereto. CHAPTER V Tribunal Constitution 40- (1) The District Judge of each district shall constitute the Tribunal for the of the purpose of this Act. Tribunal (2) The Tribunal shall follow such procedure as may be prescribed. (3) Every order of the Tribunal for payment of any amount or for the delivery of possession over any immovable property or for the removal of any structure from such property shall be deemed to be a decree of the civil court and shall be executable as such. (4) The proceedings before the Tribunal shall be deemed to be judicial proceedings within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code. (5) The member of the Tribunal shall be entitled to such remuneration as may be prescribed. Duties of the 41- The Tribunal shall decide all questions relating to the compensation payable Tribunal under sections 31 and 32 and all appeals preferred under section 39 and the decision of the Tribunal shall be final. Powers of the 42- The Tribunal shall for the purposes of holding any inquiry or hearing any Tribunal appeal under this Ordinance, have the same powers as are vested in the Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit in respect of the following matters namely – 319 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 43-44] (a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath; (b) receiving evidence on affidavits; (c) inspecting a building or its locality, or issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents or local investigation; (d) requiring the discovery and production of documents; (e) recoding a lawful agreement, compromise or satisfaction and making an order in accordance therewith; (f) any other matter which may be prescribed. CHAPTER VI Finance, Accounts and Audit Financial 43- (1) The Board shall have its own fund which shall be deemed to be a local fund Provisions and to which shall be credited all moneys received by or on behalf of the Board. (2) The Board’s fund shall be kept in the State Bank of India or, with the previous sanction of the State Government, in the Uttar Pradesh Co-operative Bank or in a scheduled bank : Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be deemed to preclude the Board from retaining such balance in cash as may be necessary for current payments or from investing any portion of the fund not required for immediate expenditure in any of the securities described in section 20 of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882. (3) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed the Board may from time to time raise loans or enter into financial arrangements for the purposes of this Act. (4) Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, the Board may grant loans and advances, on such terms and conditions as it may determine, to any other local authority, any co-operative society, or to any other person for the construction of houses. Debentures 44- (1) The Board may, from time to time, with the previous sanction of the State Government, issue debentures for such amounts and on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. (2) The State Government may guarantee, in such manner as it thinks fit, the payment of the principal and interest, or of either the principal or the interest, of any debentures issued under sub-section (1): Provided that the State Government shall, so long as any such guarantees are in force, lay before both Houses of the State Legislature in every year during the budget session, a statement of the guarantees, if any, given during the current financial year, and an up-to-date account of the total sums, if any, which have been paid out of State revenues by reason of any such guarantees or paid into State revenues towards repayment of any money so paid out. (3) Debentures issued by the Board under this section shall be issued transferred, dealt with and redeemed in such manner as may be prescribed. 320 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 45-48] Repayment of 45- (1) The Board shall, for the purpose of repayment of any loan raised by it, loans establish a sinking fund in such manner as may be prescribed. (2) Every such sinking fund shall be maintained, invested and applied in such manner as may be prescribed. (3) The Board may, and if so directed by the State Government shall, create a trust in the prescribed manner for investment of a sinking fund and for repayment of the loans for which such fund was established. Grants and loans 46- The State Government may, from time to time, make grants or advance loans to by Government the Board for the purpose of this Act on such terms and conditions as the State Government may determine. Revolving 47- (1) It shall be lawful for the Board to create a Revolving Fund into which shall Fund be credited all proceeds which may be received by or on behalf of the Board in respect of sales on installment basis of any building or any unit therein constructed or reconstructed by the Board under a housing scheme. (2) The Revolving Fund shall be held and applied solely for the purposes of construction or reconstruction of buildings under a housing scheme. Accounts 48- (1) The Rural Housing Commissioner shall lay before the Board, at a special and Audit meeting to be held before the commencement of a financial year, a budget of the Board for that year. (2) Every such budget shall be prepared in such form as may be prescribed and shall make provision for – (i) the housing and improvement schemes which the Board proposes to execute whether in part or whole during that year; (ii) the due fulfillment of all the liabilities of the Board; and (iii) the efficient administration of this Act; and shall contain a statement showing the estimated receipts and expenditures on capital and revenue accounts for that year, and such other particulars as may be prescribed. (3) The Board shall after considering the budget sanction it with or without modifications and submit the same to the State Government for approval. (4) The State Government may either approve the budget as sanctioned by the Board, or return it to the Board for such modifications as the State Government may direct. (5) Where a budget is so returned, the Board shall forthwith make such modifications and submit the budget as so modified to the State Government, which may then approve it. (6) The Rural Housing Commissioner may, at any time during the financial year for which a budget has been approved by the State Government, lay before the Board a supplementary budget and the foregoing provisions of this section shall mutatis mutandis apply to such supplementary budget. (7) The Board shall maintain the accounts and prepare the balance sheet in such form and manner as may be prescribed. 321 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 49-50] (8) The accounts of the Board shall be audited by such auditor in such manner and such times as may be prescribed, and the auditor so appointed shall have such powers of requiring the production of documents and the furnishing of information respecting such matters, and such powers in respect of disallowance and surcharge against the Chairman, the Rural Housing Commissioner and members, officers and servants of the Board for any loss, waste or misappropriation of the fund or property of the Board through neglect or misconduct on their part, and shall follow such procedure in respect of surcharge and recovery of the amount surcharged, and in respect of disallowance and surcharge be subject to such appeal and in such manner, as may be prescribed. (9) The accounts of the Board, as certified by the auditor, together with the audit report thereon, shall be forwarded annually to the State Government who may issue such instructions to the Board in respect thereof as it may deem fit, and the Board shall comply with such instructions. (10) The State Government shall – (a) cause the accounts of the Board, together with the audit report thereon, receive by it under sub-section (9) to be laid annually before each House of the State Legislature ; and (b) cause the accounts of the Board to be published in the prescribed manner and make available copies thereof for sale at a reasonable price. CHAPTER VII Contracts Power to make 49- The Board may enter into and perform all such contracts as it may consider contracts necessary or expedient for carrying out any of the purposes of this Act. Execution of 50- (1) Every contract or assurance of property on behalf of the Board shall be in contracts writing and be executed by such authority and in such manner and form as may be prescribed: Provided that no contract involving an expenditure of rupees twenty-five thousand or more shall be made without the previous sanction of the Board. (2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall apply to every variation or abandonment of a contract or estimate as well as to an original contract or estimate. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Registration Act, 1908, it shall not be necessary for the Rural Housing Commissioner or any officer of the Board, authorized to execute on behalf of the Board any agreement or other instrument, to appear in person or by agent at any registration office in any proceedings connected with the registration of any such agreement or instrument or to sign as provided in section 58 of that Act: Provided that the registering officer to whom such instrument is presented may, if he thinks fit, refer to the Rural Housing Commissioner or such officer for information respecting the same and shall, on being satisfied of the execution thereof, register the instrument. 322 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 51-56] Delegation of 51- Subject to any rules which the State Government may make in this behalf, the power in Board may by order direct that the power conferred under section 50 shall be regard to exercised by the Rural Housing Commissioner or any other officer specified by the contracts Board. Further 52- A contract or assurance of property not executed as provided in this chapter provisions as and the rules made there under shall not be binding on the Board. to execution of contracts CHAPTER VIII Offences and Penalties Penalty for 53- If any person – obstructing (a) obstruct or molests any person with whom the Board has entered contractor or into a contract, in the performance by such person of his duty or of anything removing which he is empowered or required to do by virtue or in consequence of this marks ordinance or any rule or regulation ; or (b) removes any mark set up for the purpose of indicating any level or direction necessary to the execution of works authorized by this Act or any rule or regulation, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both. Penalty for 54- If the Chairman or any member of the Board acquires, directly or indirectly, acquiring by himself or by any partner, employer or employee, any share or interest whether share or pecuniary or of any other nature, in any contract or employment with, by or on interest in behalf of the Board, not being a share or interest which does not disqualify for contract, etc. being chosen or continuing as Chairman or member; or with the Board If any officer or servant of the board acquires, directly or indirectly, by himself or by any partner, employer or employee, any share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature, other than a share or interest mentioned in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 7, in any contract, or, except in so far as concerns his employment as such officer or servant, in any employment with, by or on behalf of the Board. Penalty in 55- If any person contravenes any provision of this Act or of any rule or other cases regulation made there under, he shall, if no other penalty is provided for such contravention, be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees and in case of continuing breach, with further fine which may extend to twenty- five rupees for each day during which the breach continues after the first convictions. Offender’s 56- (1) When any person is convicted of any offence under this Act, the Court liability to pay convicting such person may, on application made in this behalf by the Board, call compensation upon such person forthwith to show cause as to why he should not pay compensation to the Board for the damage caused by his act in respect of which he is convicted. (2) The court shall consider any cause shown by such person and, after making such inquiry as it may deem fit, may direct that such compensation, not exceeding one thousand rupees as it may determine, be paid to the Board. 323 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 57-60] (3) The amount of compensation directed to be paid under sub-section (2) shall be recoverable as fine. Offences by 57- (1) If the person committing an offence punishable under the Act is a companies company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly; Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to punishment if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) where any such offence has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of any managing agent, secretary and treasurer, director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such managing agent, secretary and treasurer, director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation- For the purposes of this section- (a) ‘Company’ means a body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals, and (b) ‘Director’ in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm. Procedure 58- (1) No court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act except on the complaint of or upon information received from, the Board or an officer of the Board duly authorized in this behalf, within six months next after the commission of the offence. (2) No court inferior to that of a magistrate of the First Class shall try any offence punishable under this Act. Duty of police 59- It shall be the duty of every police officer- officers (a) to co-operate with the Rural Housing Commissioner for carrying into effect and enforcing the provisions of this Act and the rule; (b) to communicate without delay to the proper officer or servant of the Board any information which he receives of a design to commit or of the commission of any offence against the provisions of this Act or any rule; and (c) to assist the Rural Housing Commissioner or any officer or servant of the Board requiring his aid for the lawful exercise of any power vesting in the Rural Housing Commissioner or any such officer or servant under this Act or any rule. Compounding 60- (1) Any offence punishable under this Act may either before or after the of offences institution of the prosecution be compounded by the Rural Housing Commissioner or by any officer authorized in this behalf by the Rural Housing Commissioner by a general or special order, on such terms as the Rural Housing Commissioner or other officer, as the case may be, thinks fit. 324 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 61-63] (2) Where an offence has been compounded, the offender, if in custody, shall be discharged or acquitted, as the case may be, and no further proceedings shall be taken against him in respect of the offence compounded.

CHAPTER IX Miscellaneous Applicability 61- The provisions of sections 83 to 93 of the Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas of certain Parishad Adhiniyam, 1965 shall mutatis mutandis apply to the Board constituted provision of under this Act and to its members, officers and servants as they apply to the Avas Uttar Pradesh Evam Vikas Parishad constituted under the first mentioned acts and to its Act 1 of 1966 members, officers and servants. Power to make 62- (1) The State Government may, by notification, make rules for carrying out the rules purpose if this Act. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for- (a) the allowances, if any payable to the members of the Board: (b) the conditions of service or the Rural Housing Commissioner; (c) the manner of maintenance of accounts of income and expenditure of the Board; (d) the exercise of supervision and control by the Rural Housing Commissioner over officers and servants of the Board; (e) the delegation of powers by the Board under sub-section (1) or by the Rural Housing Commissioner under sub-section (2) of section 13; (f) the matters to be provided for in a housing scheme; (g) the procedure to be followed by the Tribunal in proceedings before them; (h) the conditions and limitations subject to which the Board may acquire and dispose of land by agreement; (i) any matter for which regulation may be made by the Board under section 63. Power to 63- (1) The Board may, by notification in the Gazette, make regulations providing make for- regulations. (a) the appointment, constitution and procedure of committees; (b) the time and place of, and the manner of convening the meetings of the Board and its committees; (c) the duties of officers and servants of the Board; (d) the conditions of service of officers and servants of the Board; (e) the preparation of plans and estimates for work; (f) the preparation of budgets and estimates; (g) the authority on which moneys may be paid from the Board’s fund; (h) the manner of publication of public notices; 325 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 64-65] (i) the stamping of facsimile of signatures of the Rural Housing Commissioner and officers of the Board on notices, bills and other documents; (j) the fees payable for copies of documents, estimates and plans issued by the Board; (k) the management, used and allotment of buildings constructed under any housing or improvement scheme; (l) any other matter which is to be or may be provided for by regulation under this Act or the rules. (2) If any regulations is repugnant to any rule made under the Act then the rule whether made before or after the regulation shall prevail and the regulation shall to the extent of the repugnancy be void. Power to 64- (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, by remove reason of anything contained in this Act, or any other enactment for the time being difficulties in force, the State Government may, as occasion requires, by order direct that this Act shall during such period as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as it may deem to be necessary or expedient. (2) Any order made under sub-section (1) may be made so as to be retrospective to any date not earlier than the date of commencement of this Act. (3) No order shall be made under sub-section (1) in relation to any area after the expiry of three years from the date of commencement of this Act. (4) An order made under sub-section (1) shall be laid, as soon as may be, before both the House of State Legislature. (5) No order under sub-section (1) shall be called in question in any court on the ground that no difficulty as is referred to in sub-section (1) existed or required to be removed. Repeal and 65- The operation of section 162 to 171 of the Uttar Pradesh Kshettra Samitis and savings Zila Parishads Adhiniyam, 1961, and of the Uttar Pradesh Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1962, the Uttar Pradesh (Regulation of Building Operation) Act, 1958, Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Adhiniyam, 1965 (except in relation to those housing or Improvement schemes) which have either been notified under section 32 of Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Adhiniyam, 1965 before the declaration of any scheme under this Act or which having been notified under section 28 of this said Adhiniyam before the said declaration are thereafter approved by the State Government for continuance under the said Adhiniyam or which are initiated after such declaration with the approval of the State Government and Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973 shall remain suspended in respect of any area in which any scheme under this Act in force and the provisions of section 6 of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act, 1904 shall apply in relation to such suspension as if the suspension amounted to repeal of the said enactment by this Act. 326 [The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983] [Section 66-67] Amendment 66- In the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Housing Act, 1955, in section 3- of section 3 (a) in sub-section (1) after the words “Uttar Pradesh Avas and Vikas of U.P. Act no. 23 of Parishad” the words “established under the Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas 1955 Parishad Adhiniyam, 1965 or Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board established under the Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983” shall be inserted; (b) in sub-section (3), after the words “Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Adhiniyam 1965”, the words “or the Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Act, 1983” shall be inserted. Repeal and 67- (1) The Uttar Pradesh Rural Housing Board Ordinance, 1983, is hereby Savings repealed. (2) Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under the ordinance, referred to in sub-section (1), shall be deemed to have been done or taken under this Act, as if this Act were in force at all material times. 327 mÙkj inz s”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1982 ¿mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 lu~ 1983À THE UTTAR PRADESH RURAL HOUSING BOARD ACT, 1982 [U.P. ACT NO. 27 OF 1983] 328 mÙkj izns”k xkz eh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1982 ¿mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 lu~ 1983À ¿tSlk mÙkj izns”k fo/kku e.My }kjk ikfjr gqvkÀ mÙkj izns”k es a eq[;r;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy;s vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ dh LFkkiuk] fuxeu vkSj dk; Z djus dh O;oLFkk djus d s fy, vf/kfu;e Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds pkSarhlosa o’kZ es a fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %& v/;k; &,d izkjfEHkd 1&& ¼1½ ;g vf/kfu;e mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983 dgk laf{kIr uke vkSj izkjEHk tk;xkA ¼2½ bldk foLrkj j{kk ds iz;kstukFkZ dsUnzh; ljdkj ds LokfeRo es]a mlds }kjk vf/kxzghr ;k iVV~s ij yh x;h Hkwfe vkSj Nkouh {ks= ds vUrxZr vkus okys {ks= dks NksM+dj lEiw.kZ mÙkj izns”k es a gksxkA ¼3½ ;g ,sls fnukad ls izo`Ùk gksxk] ftls jkT; ljdkj] vf/klpw uk }kjk] bl fufeÙk fu;r djsA 2&& bl vf/kfu;e es]a & ifjHkk’kk,a ¼d½ ^^ifj’kn~** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 3 ds v/khu LFkkfir mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ ls gS( ¼[k½ ^^v/;{k** dk rkRi;Z ifj’kn~ ds v/;{k ls gS( ¼x½ ^^vkokl ;kstuk** dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj rS;kj dh x;h vkokl ;kts uk ls gS( ¼?k½ ^^Hkwfe** ds vUrxZr Hkwfe ls mRiUu gksus okys ykHk vkSj Hkwfe ls lEc) ;k Hkwfe ls lEc) fdlh oLrq ls LFkk;h :i ls tMq +h+ gqbZ oLrq Hkh gS( ¼³½ ^^lnL;** dk rkRi;Z ifj’kn~ ds lnL; ls gS vkSj blds vUrxZr v/;{k Hkh gS( ¼p½ ^^fofgr** dk rkRi;Z fu;eks a }kjk fofgr ls gS( ¼N½ ^^dk;ØZ e** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 25 ds v/khu ifj’kn~ }kjk rS;kj fd, x, okf’kZd vkokl dk;ZØe ls gS( ¼t½ ^^xzkeh.k {ks=** dk rkRi;Z fuEufyf[kr dks NksM+dj] fdlh fty s ds {ks= ls gS]& ¼,d½ mÙkj izns”k uxj egkikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1959 es a ;Fkk ifjHkkf’kr izR;sd uxj] ¼nks½ la;qDr izkUr uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916 es a ;Fkk ifjHkkf’kr izR;sd uxjikfydk ¼E;qfufliSfyVh½] ¼rhu½ la;qDr izkUr uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916 esa ;Fkk ifjHkkf’kr izR;sd uksVhQkbM ,fj;k] ¼pkj½ la;qDr izkUr Vkmu ,fj;k vf/kfu;e] 1914 ds v/khu ?kksf’kr vkSj ifjHkkf’kr izR;sd Vkmu ,fj;k 329 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 3&4À ¼ikap½ mÙkj izns”k uxj&;kstuk vkSj fodkl vf/kfu;e] 1973 dh /kkjk 3 ds v/khu ^^fodkl {ks=** ds :i es a ?kksf’kr {ks=] ¼N%½ mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1965 ds v/khu fdlh vkokl ;k lq/kkj ;kstuk ds vUrxZr vkus okyk {ks=] ¼lkr½ fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu fdlh vkokl ;k lq/kkj ;kstuk ds vUrxZr vkus okyk {ks=] Tkc rc fd jkT; ljdkj mi;qZDr lqlaxr vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu l{ke izkf/kdkjh ls ijke”kZ djus ds i”pkr~ ,sls {ks= ;k {ks= ds Hkkx dks bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks= u ?kksf’kr djs(a ¼>½ ^^vf/kdj.k** dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 40 ds v/khu xfBr vf/kdj.k ls gSA v/;k; &nks ifj’kn~ dh LFkkiuk 3&& ¼1½ ,sls fnukad ls ftls jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] bl fufeRr fu;r djs] xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ jkT; ds xzkeh.k {ks=ks a ds fy, mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ ds uke ls ,d ifj’kn~ dh LFkkfir djus dh “kfDr LFkkiuk dh tk;xhA ¼2½ ifj’kn~ ,d fuxfer fudk; gksxh vkSj bl vf/kfu;e vkSj rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vU; fof/k ds] ftlds vUrxZr Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 Hkh gS] iz;kstuks a ds fy, LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh le>k tk,xkA 4&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ es a fuEufyf[kr lnL; gksxa s] vFkkZr~& Ikfj’kn~ dh lajpuk ¿¼d½ ,d O;fDr ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk v/;{k uke& v/;{k fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xk]À1 ¼[k½ rhu xSj&ljdkjh lnL; ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj }kjk lnL; lnL; uke&fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xk( ¼x½ v/;{k] mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~] insu( lnL; ¼?k½ funs”kd] dsUnzh; Hkou vuqla/kku laLFkku :M+dh] lnL; ¼lgkjuiqj½] insu( ¼³½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] foÙk foHkkx] insu( lnL; ¼p½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] fu;kstu foHkkx] insu( lnL; ¼N½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] laLFkkxr foÙk foHkkx] insu( lnL; ¼t½ lfpo] mÙkj izns”k ljdkj] gfjtu lgk;d rFkk lekt lnL; dY;k.k foHkkx] insu( ¼>½ izkpk;]Z jktdh; dyk egkfo|ky;] y[kuÅ] insu( lnL; 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 17 o’kZ 1997 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 330 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 5&7À ¼´½ funs”kd] Hkou laxBu] fuekZ.k&dk; Z ,oa vkokl ea=ky;] lnL; Hkkjr ljdkj] insu( ¼V½ eq[; vfHk;Urk] xzkeh.k vfHk;kaf=d lsok] insu( lnL; ¼B½ T;s’B okLrqfon] mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~] lnL; insu( ¼M½ lykgdkj] izkstsDV Iykfuax] mÙkj izns”k MsoyiesVa flLVe lnL; dkjiksjs”ku fyfeVsM] insu] ¼<½ xzzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r] mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ lnL; insu( ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼³½] ¼p½] ¼N½ vkSj ¼t½ es a fufnZ’V vf/kdkjh ifj’kn~ dh fdlh cSBd es a Lo;a mifLFkr gksus d s ctk;] vius foHkkx es a vius ls Bhd ckn okys miyC/k dfu’B vf/kdkjh dks cSBd es a mifLFkr gksus ds fy, izfrfu;qDr dj ldrk gSA bl izdkj izfrfu;qDr vf/kdkjh dks cSBd dh dk;oZ kfg;ks a es a Hkkx yus s dk vkSj er nsus dk Hkh vf/kdkj gksxkA ¼3½ insu lnL;ks a ls fHkUu lnL;ks a dk uke&funZs”ku xtV es a vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;xkA ¼4½ insu lnL; ls fHkUu ifj’kn~ dk dksbZ lnL;] fdlh Hkh le; jkT; ljdkj dks LogLrk{kfjr y[s k }kjk viuk in&R;kx dj ldrk gS] fdUrq R;kx&i= rc rd izHkkoh ugha gksxk tc rd fd mls Lohdkj u dj fy;k tk;A 5&& ¼1½ insu lnL; ls fHkUu izR;sd lnL; dk dk;dZ ky rhu o’kZ gksxk] tc rd lnL;rk ds fucZU/ku vkSj fd mls jkT; ljdkj }kjk fdlh vf/klwfpr vkns”k ls] igy s gh lekIr u dj fn;k tk;A “krsa Z ¼2½ ifj’kn~ ds lnL;ks a dks ,slk HkÙkk fn;k tk;xk] tSlk fofgr fd;k tk;A ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu ns; HkÙkks a dk Hkqxrku ifj’kn~ dh fuf/k ls fd;k tk;xkA 6&& ¼1½ tc v/;{k ds in esa vLFkk;h fjfDr gks] rc jkT; ljdkj ,slh fjfDr dh v/;{k ds in es a vLFkk;h vof/k es a fdlh vU; O;fDRk dks v/;{k ds :i es a dk; Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr dj ldrh gS] fjfDr dks Hkjus dh “kfDr vkSj bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr dks bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, v/;{k le>k tk;xkA ¼2½ ;fn v/;{k ls fHkUu ifj’kn~ dk dksbZ lnL; v”kDrrk ds dkj.k ;k vU; izdkj ls vius drZO;ks a dk ikyu djus es a vLFkk;h :i ls vleFk Z gks tk; ;k NqV~Vh ij gksus ;k ,sls fdlh vU; dkj.k ls] ftlls mldh lnL;rk lekIr u gks] vuqifLFkr gks rks jkT; ljdkj fdlh vU; O;fDr dks mlds LFkku ij dk; Z djus vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ;k blds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e ;k fofu;e ds v/khu mlds d`R;ksaa dk lEiknu djus ds fy, fu;qDr dj ldrh gSA 7&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr ifj’kn~ ds lnL; ds :i es a fu;qDr fd, tkus ;k cus jgus ds lnL;k ds fy, vugZrk fy, vugZ gksxk] ;fn og]& ¼d½ /kkjk 5 vkSj 6 esa dh xbZ O;oLFkk dks NksM+dj] ifj’kn~ ds v/khu fdlh ykHkizn in ij gks( ¼[k½ fod`r fpÙk dk gks( ¼x½ vuqUeDq r fnokfy;k gks( ¼?k½ uSfrd v/kerk ds fdlh vijk/k ds fy, fl)nks’k gqvk gks( 331 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 8&10À ¼³½ Lo;a ;k fdlh Hkkxhnkj] lsok;kstd ;k deZpkjh }kjk ifj’kn~ ds lkFk] mlds }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls dh x;h fdlh lafonk ;k lsok;kstu es]a izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls] vkfFkZd ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk dksbZ va”k ;k fgr j[krk gks( ¼p½ fdlh ,slh fuxfer dEiuh dk] ftldk ifj’kn~ ds lkFk] mlds }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls dh xbZ fdlh lafonk ;k lsok;kstu es a dksbZ va”k ;k fgr gks] funs”kd] lfpo] izcU/kd ;k vU; oSrfud vf/kdkjh gksA ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr dsoy bl dkj.k ls fd mldk ;k ml fuxfer dEiuh dk] ftldk og funs”kd] lfpo] izcU/kd ;k vU; oSrfud vf/kdkjh gS( ¼d½ fdlh LFkkoj lEifRr dh fcØh] Ø;] mls iV~Vs ij nsus ;k mlds fofue; ;k mlds fy;s fd, x, fdlh djkj es(a ¼[k½ /ku ds _.k ds fy, fdlh djkj es a ;k dsoy /ku ds Hkqxrku ds fy, fdlh izfrHkwfr es(a ¼x½ fdlh ,sls lekpkj&i= es]a ftlesa ifj’kn~ ds dk;Z&dyki ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ foKkiu izdkf”kr fd;k tkrk gS( ¼?k½ ifj’kn~ dks fdlh ,d o’kZ esa nl gtkj :i;s ls vuf/kd ewY; rd dh fdlh ,slh oLrq dh] ftles a og ;k dEiuh fu;fer O;kikj djrh gS] ;nk&dnk fcØh es(a dksbZ va”k ;k fgr gS] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼³½ ;k [k.M ¼p½ ds v/khu vufgZr ugha gksxk ;k ;g ugha le>k tk;xk fd mDr [k.Mks a ds vFkkZUrxZr fdlh lafonk ;k lsok;kstu es a mldk dksbZ va”k ;k fgr gSA Li’Vhdj.k %& fdlh O;fDRk ds ckjs es a dsoy bl dkj.k ls fd og fdlh ,slh dEiuh dk va”k/kkjh gS] ftldk fd ,slk va”k ;k fgr gS] ;g ugha le>k tk;xk fd mldk ifj’kn~ ds lkFk] ;k mlds }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls dh xbZ fdlh lafonk ;k lsok;kstu es a dksbZ va”k ;k fgr gSA 8&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ dk ;k ifj’kn~ }kjk fu;qDr fdlh lfefr dk dksbZ lnL; & ifj’kn~ dh dk;Zokfg;ks a es a Hkkx yus s ls vugZrk ¼d½ ftldk fdlh ekey s ds lEcU/k es a /kkjk 7 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼³½ ;k [k.M ¼p½ es a of.kZr izdkj dk dksbZ va”k ;k fgr gS] ;k ¼[k½ ftlus fdlh ekey s ds lEcU/k es a ,sls fdlh O;fDr dh vksj ls] ftldk mles a mi;qZDr izdkj dk dksbZ va”k ;k fgr gS] O;kolkf;d :i ls dk;Z fd;k gS] /kkjk 7 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ifj’kn~ dh ;k mldks lfefr dh ,sls ekey s ls lEcfU/kr fdlh dk;oZ kgh esa u rks er nsxk vkSj u Hkkx yxs kA ¼2½ ;fn ifj’kn~ ;k mldh lfefr ds fdlh lnL; dk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;h xbZ fdlh Hkh ;kstuk es a lekfo’V fdlh {ks= es a fLFkr fdlh Hkwfe es a ;k ,sls fdlh {ks= e]sa ftles a bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh iz;kstu ds fy, Hkwfe vftZr djus dk izLrko gks] izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls] dksbZ fgr gS rks og ifj’kn~ ;k mldh lfefr dh fdlh ,slh cSBd es a ftles a ,slh Hkwfe ls lEcfU/kr fdlh ekey s ij fopkj fd;k tk;] Hkkx ugha yxs kA 9&& ifj’kn~ ds lnL; ds :i es a fdlh O;fDr dh fu;qfDr dh fdlh vugZrk ;k nks’k dfri; dk;Z vfof/kekU; ls ;k ifj’kn~ esas dksbZ fjfDr ;k mlds xBu esa dksbZ nks’k gksus ls ifj’kn~ dk dksbZ dk;Z ;k ugha gksxa s dk;oZ kgh nwf’kr ;k vfof/kekU; ugha gksxh ;fn ,slk dk; Z ;k dk;oZ kgh vU; izdkj ls bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj gksA 10&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr ,d xzkeh.k xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr vkokl vk;qDr gksxkA ¼2½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r dh lsok&”krsa Z ,slh gksaaxh tSlh fofgr dh tk;asA mls ifj’kn~ dh fuf/k ls ikfjJfed fn;k tk;xkA 332 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 11&15À 11&& ¼1½ ,sls fu;a=.k vkSj fucZU/ku ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk ifj’kn~ ds vf/kdkjh vkSj fo”ks’k ;k lkekU; vkns”k ls le;&le; ij vkjksfir fd;k tk;] ifj’kn~ vius d`R;ks a ds n{k lsod lEiknu ds fy, ,sls vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa dks fu;qDr dj ldrh gS] ftUgas og vko”;d le>sA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fu;qDr vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa dh lsok ds fucU/ku vkSj “krsa Z ,slh gksxa h] tSlh fofgr dh tk;asA ¼3½ ifj’kn~] jkT; ljdkj ds iwokZuqeksnu ls] vius v/khu fdlh in ij dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds fdlh lsod dks ,sls fucU/kuks a vkSj “krksaZ ij tSlh lEer gks] fu;qDr dj ldrh gSA 12&& bl vf/kfu;e vkSj blds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eks a ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs ifj’kn~ ds deZpkfj;ks a ij gq, xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr ifj’kn~ ds lHkh vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa dk i;Zos{k.k djsxk vkSj fu;a=.k mu ij fu;a=.k j[kxs kA 13&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eks a ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ifj’kn~] lkekU; “kfDr;ks a dk izR;k;kstu ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] ;k rks fcuk “krZ ds ;k ,slh “krksaZ ij ftlds vUrxZr vius }kjk iqufoZyksdu djus dh “krZ Hkh gS] tSlh vkns”k es a fofufnZ’V dh tk;] vius }kjk fu;qDr fdlh lfefr ;k xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ;k ifj’kn~ ds fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu viuh ,slh “kfDr;ksa vkSj drZO;ks a dks izR;k;kfstr dj ldrh gS] ftUgas og vko”;d le>sA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eksa ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r] lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] ;k rks fcuk “krZ ds ;k ,slh “krksaZ ij ftlds vUrxZr vius }kjk iqufoZyksdu djus dh “krZ Hkh gS] tSlh vkns”k es a fofufnZ’V dh tk;] ifj’kn~ ds fdlh vf/kdkjh dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu viuh ,slh “kfDr;ks a vkSj drZO;ks a dks] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mls izR;k;kfstr “kfDr;ka vkSj drZO; u gks] izR;k;ksftr dj ldrk gS] ftUgs a og vko”;d le>sA v/;k; & rhu vkokl ;kts uk 14&& ¼1½ tc dHkh ifj’kn~ dh ;g jk; gks fd fdlh {ks= es a x`g&LFkku dh deh dks vkokl ;kstuk cukuk iwjk djus ds fy;s ,slk djuk vko”;d ;k lehphu gS] rks ifj’kn~ vkokl ;kstuk cuk ldrh gSA ¼2½ ,slh ;kstuk es a bldk foU;kl fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xk] tgka ij x`g&fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk gks vkSj mles a ifj’kn~ vkSj vU; O;fDr;ksa }kjk x`g&fuekZ.k djus dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gSA ¼3½ ifj’kn~ vius }kjk bl izdkj fufeZr fdlh x`g dks iV~Vs ij ns ldrh gS ;k mldk foØ; dj ldrh gS] ftlds vUrxZr voØ; ¼gk;j ijpst½ Hkh gSA ¼4½ ifj’kn~ ml {ks= es a ekxksZa] lM+dks]a tyksRlkj.k] ty&lEHkj.k] lM+dksa ij jks”kuh] lkeqnkf;d Hkouks a vkSj vU; lfqo/kkvks a dh O;oLFkk dj ldrh gSA 15&& ;fn ifj’kn~ fdlh xzkeh.k {ks= ds lEcU/k es a vkokl ;kstuk cukrs le;] ;kstuk ;kstuk es a xzkeh.k {ks=ks a ls ds v/khu x`g&fuekZ.k djus ds iz;kstukFkZ ,sls fdlh {ks= dks] tks ,sls xzkeh.k {ks= ls vklkUu fHkUu {ks=ks a dk lfEefyr fd;k tkuk gS fdUrq tks xzkeh.k {ks= ugha gS] ;kstuk es a lfEefyr djuk vko”;d le>rh gS rks] bl vf/kfu;e es a ;k rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vU; fof/k es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jkT; ljdkj ,sls l{ke izkf/kdkjh ls] ftldh vf/kdkfjrk esa ,slh Hkwfe iM+rh gS] ijke”kZ djus ds i”pkr~ ,slh Hkwfe dks bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks= ?kksf’kr dj ldrh gS vkSj ,slh ?kks’k.kk ds i”pkr~ ,sls {ks= dks ;kstuk es a lfEefyr djuk ifj’kn~ ds fy, fof/kiw.kZ gksxkA 333 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 16&17À 16&& rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vU; fof/k es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fdlh vkokl fo’k;] ftudh O;oLFkk ;kstuk es a fuEufyf[kr lHkh ;k fdlh fo’k; dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS( vFkkZr~& vkokl ;kstuk es adh tk;xh ¼d½ ;kstuk ds fy, vko”;d ;k mlds fu’iknu ls izHkkfor gksus okyh fdlh lEifÙk dk Ø;] fofue; ;k vU; izdkj ls vtZu( ¼[k½ ;kts uk es a lekfo’V fdlh Hkwfe dk foU;kl ;k iqufoZU;kl( ¼x½ ;kstuk es a lekfo’V lEifÙk ds Lokfe;ksaa d s LFkyksa dk forj.k ;k iqufoZrj.k( ¼?k½ ekuo fuokl ds fy, vuqi;qDr fuokl LFkkuks a ;k fuokl LFkkuks a ds Hkkxks a dks fxjkuk ;k gVkuk( ¼³½ izLrkfor foU;kl es a ck/kk Mkyus okys Hkouks a ;k Hkouks a ds Hkkxks a dks fxjkuk( ¼p½ Hkouks a dk fuekZ.k ;k iqufuZekZ.k( ¼N½ ;kstuk es a lekfo’V fdlh lEifÙk dk foØ; ¼ftlds vUrxZr voØ; Hkh gS½ iV~Vs ij nsuk ;k fofue;( ¼t½ ekxkZsa] lM+dks]a xfy;ks]a iqyksa] iqfy;ks a vkSj milsrqvks a dk fuekZ.k ;k mues a ifjorZu( ¼>½ ;kstuk es a lfEefyr {ks= esa tyksRlkj.k] ty lEHkj.k ;k jks”kuh dh O;oLFkk( ¼´½ ;kstuk es a lekfo’V fdlh {ks= ds ;k fdlh fey s gq, {ks= ds ykHkkFkZ nqdkuks]a fo|ky;ks]a ikdksZa] [kys ds eSnkuks a vkSj [kyq s LFkkuks a dh O;oLFkk vkSj orZeku ikdksZa] [kys ds eSnkuks]a [kyq s LFkkuks a vkSj miekxksZa dks foLr`r djuk( ¼V½ ;kstuk es a lekfo’V {ks= ds fy, visf{kr lQkbZ dk izcU/k djuk] ftlds vUrxZr ufn;ks a ;k ty lEHkj.k ds vU; Lkzksrks a vkSj lk/kuks a dk laj{k.k vkSj mUgas {kfr igqapus ;k nwf’kr gksus ls cpkuk Hkh gS( ¼B½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tu&tkfr;ks a ds lnL;ks]a lkekftd vkSj “kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+ s oxksaZ ds O;fDr;ks]a d`f’k Jfedks]a vkfFkZd :i ls fucZy oxZ ds O;fDr;ks a vkSj fdlh vU; oxZ ds fuokfl;ks a ds fy;s vkokl LFkku( ¼M½ ;kstuk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, _.k nsuk( ¼<½ lpa kj vkSj ifjogu laca/kh lqfo/kk,a( ¼.k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, vko”;d lwpuk vkSj vkadM+ s ,d= djuk( ¼r½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks fofgr fd;k tk,A 17&& ¼1½ /kkjk 15 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ,sls fdlh vkokl ;kstukvks a ij {ks= ds fy;s] ftlds fy, jkT; ljdkj }kjk rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu fucZU/ku dksbZ vkokl ;k lq/kkj ;kstuk Lohdr` dh xbZ gS] u rks dksbZ vkokl ;kstuk cuk;h tk;xh vkSj u ,slh vkokl ;kstuk es a dksbZ ,slh ckr gksxh] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk Lohdr` fdlh uxj fu;kstu ;kstuk es a lfEefyr fdUgha fo’k;kas l s vlaxr gksA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ ,slk fookn mRiUu gks fd bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;h x;h fdlh vkokl ;kts uk esa ,slk dksbZ {ks= lfEefyr gS] tks fdlh vkokl ;k lq/kkj ;kstuk esa lfEefyr gS ;k mlesa mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh uxj fu;kstu ;kstuk es a lfEefyr fdlh fo’k; ls vlaxr dksbZ ckr gS] rks jkT; ljdkj dk fofuf”p; vfUre gksxkA 334 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 18&21À 18&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ vkokl ;kstuk cuk yh tk;] rc ifj’kn~ bl vk”k; dh ,d vkokl ;kstukvks a ds fy, uksfVl rS;kj djsxh] ftles a fuEufyf[kr ckrs a fofufnZ’V dh tk;asxh %& uksfVl ¼d½ ;kstuk es a lefo’V {ks= dh lhek( ¼[k½ fnukad] le; vkSj LFkku] tc vkSj tgka ij {ks= dk uD”kk] ;kstuk dh fof”kf’V;ka vkSj vftZr dh tkus okyh izLrkfor Hkwfe dk C;kSjk ns[kk tk ldrk gS( vkSj ¼x½ fnukad tc rd ;kstuk ds laca/k es a vkifÙk;ka dh tk ldrh gSA ¼2½ ifj’kn~ & ¼d½ mDr uksfVl dks yxkrkj rhu lIrkg rd] izR;sd lIrkg& ¼,d½ xtV es a vkSj ¼nks½ ,sls nks nSfud lekpkj&i=ks a es]a ftuesa ls de ls de ,d fgUnh dk lekpkj&i= gksxk] izdkf”kr djk;xs h] ftudk ;kstuk es a lekfo’V {ks= es a ifjpkyu gks( vkSj ¼[k½ mDr uksfVl dh ,d izfrfyfi ,sls LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkfj;ks a dks Hkstsxh] ftudh vf/kdkfjrk ds Hkhrj ;kstuk es a lekfo’V {ks= iM+rk gksA ¼3½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh nLrkost dh izfrfyfi fdlh Hkh vkosnd dks ,slh Qhl dk] ftldh O;oLFkk fofu;eks a }kjk dh tk;] Hkqxrku djus ij fnyk;sxkA 19&& fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds laca/k es a /kkjk 18 ds v/khu fdlh uksfVl ds igyh izLrkfor vtZu dk uksfVl ckj izdkf”kr fd;s tkus ds fnukada ls N% lIrkg ds Hkhrj ifj’kn~ ,sls izi= es]a mu O;fDr;ks a ;k O;fDr;ks a ds oxksaZ ij vkSj ,slh jhfr ls tlS h fofgr dh tk;] uksfVl rkehy djsxh] ftles a bl ckr dk mYys[k gksxk fd ifj’kn~ ;kstuk ds fu’iknu ds fy;s fdlh fofufnZ’V Hkwfe ;k Hkou dk vtZu djus dk izLrko djrh gSA 20&& ¼1½ dksbZ LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh] ftls /kkjk 18 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds vkifÙk;ka v/khu uksfVl dh ,d izfrfyfi Hksth x;h gks] uksfVl dh izfrfyfi izkIr gksus ds fnukad ls lkB fnu ds Hkhrj ;kstuk ds fo:) vkifÙk izLrqr dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDRk] ftl ij /kkjk 19 ds v/khu uksfVl rkehy dh x;h gks] uksfVl dh rkehy ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj ;k ,sls vfrfjDr le; ds Hkhrj] ftlds fy, ifj’kn~ i;kZIr dkj.k ls vuqefr ns] ;kstuk ;k izLrkfor vtZu ds fo:) ifj’kn~ dks fyf[kr vkifÙk dj ldrk gSA ¼3½ dksbZ vU; O;fDr] /kkjk 18 ds v/khu uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj ;kstuk ds fo:) vkifÙk izLrqr dj ldrk gSA 21&& ¼1½ iwoZorhZ micU/kks a ds vuqlj.k es aizkIr vkifÙk;ks a ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] fopkj ;kstuk dk ifjR;kx] djus ds i”pkr~ vkSj vkifÙkdÙkkZvks a dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds i”pkr~ ifj’kn~] ;Fkk mikUrj ;k Lohd`fr lEHko] ,slh vfUre vkifÙk dh izkfIr ds fnukad ls N% ekl ds Hkhrj ;k rks ;kstuk dk ifjR;kx dj ldrh gS ;k mls ,sls mikUrj lfgr] ;fn dksbZ gks] tSlk ifj’kn~ lq>ko ns] Lohdr` ds fy, jkT; ljdkj dks izLrqr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mls izLrqr dh x;h fdlh ;kstuk dks mikUrj lfgr ;k mikUrj jfgr] Lohdr` dj ldrh gS] ;k Lohdr` djus ls bUdkj dj ldrh gS ;k mls iqufoZpkj ds fy, okil dj ldrh gSA ¼3½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu iqufoZpkj ds fy;s okil dh x;h ;kstuk esa ifj’kn~ }kjk mikUrj dj fn;k tk; rks mls /kkjk 18 ds vuqlkj iqu% izdkf”kr fd;k tk;xk & 335 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 22&24À ¼d½ ;fn mikUrj ds dkj.k ;kstuk es a lekfo’V {ks= dh lhekvks a ij izHkko iM+rk gS ;k mles a iwoZ izLrkfor vtZu ls fHkUu fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkou dks vftZr djuk vUrxzZLr gS( ;k ¼[k½ ;fn ifj’kn~ dh jk; es a mikUrj bruk egRoiw.kZ gS fd mldk iqu% izdk”ku visf{kr gS] Rkks bl izdkj iqu% izdkf”kr fd, tkus ij] /kkjk 19 vkSj /kkjk 20 es a fofgr izfØ;k dk] tgka rd iz;ksT; gks] vuqlj.k fd;k tk;xk ekuks a iqu% izdk”ku /kkjk 18 ds v/khu fd;k x;k ewy izdk”ku gSA 22&& ¼1½ tc dHkh jkT; ljdkj fdlh vkokl ;kstuk dks Lohdr` djs] rc mls ;kstuk dk izkjaHk xtV es a vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;xkA ¼2½ fdlh ;kstuk ds laca/k es a mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s v/khu vf/klpw uk bl ckr dh fu”pk;d lk{; gksxh fd ;kstuk lE;d~ :i ls cuk;h vkSj Lohdr` dh x;h gSA ¼3½ ;kstuk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/klpw uk ds fnukad ls izo`Ùk gksxhA 23&& ¼1½ fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds izo`Ùk gksus ds i”pkr~ vkSj mlds iw.kZ:i ls ;kstuk es a ifjorZu fu’ikfnr fd;s tkus ds iwoZ] fdlh Hkh le; ifj’kn~ mu dkj.kks a ls tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;asxs] mles a ifjorZu dj ldrh gS ;k mls fujLr dj ldrh gS % ijUrq & ¼d½ fdlh vkokl ;kstuk es a dksbZ ,slk ifjorZu djus ds iwoZ ftles a fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkou dk ftls ewy ;kstuk ds vUrxZr vtZu djus dk izLrko u gks] djkj ls fHkUu vtZu vUrxzZLr gks] rks ifj’kn izLrkfor ifjorZu dh ,d uksfVl ,sls izi= es]a ,sls O;fDr;ks a ;k O;fDr;ks a ds oxksaZ ij vkSj ,slh jhfr ls ftls fofgr fd;k tk;] rkehy djsxh vkSj uksfVl rkehy fd, tkus ds fnukad ls rhl fnu ;k ,slh c<+k;h x;h vof/k ds ftlds fy;s ifj’kn~ i;kZIr dkj.k ls vuqKk ns] Hkhrj uksfVl ds vuqlj.k es a izkIr vkifÙk;ks a ij] ;fn dksbZ gks] fopkj djsxh vkSj vkifÙkdÙkkZvks a dks lquokbZ dk volj nsxh( ¼[k½ jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk fdlh ;kstuk esa s ifjorZu ;k mls fujLr ugha fd;k tk;xkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh ;kstuk esa dksbZ ifjorZu ;k fujLrhdj.k xtV es a vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;xk vkSj og ,slh vf/klwpuk ds fnukad ls bl izdkj izHkkoh gksxk fd fdlh ,sls mikUrj dk ewy ;kstuk ds v/khu igy s ls dh x;h fdlh dk;oZ kgh dh fof/kekU;rk ij izfrdwy izHkko u iM+As 24&& ¼1½ tgka fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds laca/k esa /kkjk 18 ds v/khu dksbZ uksfVl ;kstuk ds fy, izLrkfor izdkf”kr dh xbZ gks] ogka dksbZ O;fDr] tc rd fd ;kstuk ifjR;Dr ;k Lohdr` u dj nh ;k mles a lekfo’V {ks= es a Hkou fuekZ.k ij fucZU/ku tk; vkSj ;fn ;kstuk izo`Ùk gks x;h gks rks mlds izkjEHk ds fnukad ls nks o’kZ dh vof/k ds nkSjku ;kstuk es a lekfo’V {ks= es a fdlh Hkou dk fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k] ifjo)Zu ;k ifjorZu ;k vU; izdkj ls Hkwfe dk fodkl ;kstuk ds fo:) vkSj ,sls fucZU/kuks a vkSj “krksaZ ds izfrdwy] ftUgas xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r bl fufeRr vuqKk ds fy;s vkosnu&i= fn, tkus ij vkns”k }kjk vkjksfir djs] ugha djsxkA ¼2½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ds mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vuqKk u nsus ;k fucZU/ku ;k “krsa Z vkjksfir djus ds vkns”k ls O;fFkr dksbZ O;fDr ,sls le; ds Hkhrj tSlk fofgr fd;k tk,] ifj’kn~ dks vihy dj ldrk gS] ftldk ml ij fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA 336 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 25&30À 25&& ¼1½ izR;sd o’kZ igyh fnlEcj ls iwoZ ifj’kn~&& okf’kZd ctV vkSj vkokl dk;ZØe ¼,d½ ,d dk;ØZ e] ¼nks½ vxy s o’kZ dk ctV] ,sls izi= es a tSlk fofgr fd;k tk;] rS;kj djsxh vkSj mls jkT; ljdkj dks vxzlkfjr djsxhA ¼2½ dk;ZØe es a fuEufyf[kr ckrs a gksxa h %& ¼d½ ,slh vkokl ;kstuk dh] ftls ifj’kn~ vxy s o’kZ vkaf”kd ;k iw.kZ :i ls fu’ikfnr djus dk izLrko djs] ,slh fof”kf’V;ka tlS h fofgr dh tk;( ¼[k½ ,sls fdlh miØe dh fof”kf’V;ka] ftUgs a ifj’kn~ Hkou fuekZ.k lkexzh ds mRiknu ds iz;kstukFkZ vxy s o’kZ ds nkSjku laxfBr ;k fu’ikfnr djus dk izLrko djs( vkSj ¼x½ ,slh vU; fof”kf’V;ka tlS h fofgr dh tk;Aa ¼3½ ctV es a ,slk fooj.k gksxk] ftles a vxy s o’kZ ds fy, iwta hxr vkSj jktLo y[s k s ij vuqekfur izkfIr;ka vkSj O;; fn[kk;k tk;xkA 26&& jkT; ljdkj Hksts x, dk;ZØe vkSj ctV dks ,sls mikUrj ds lkFk tSlk og dk;ZØe vkSj ctV dk mfpr le>s] Lohdr` dj ldrh gSA bl izdkj Lohd`r dk;ØZ e vkSj ctV dks muds Lohdr` Lohd`r fd;k tkuk fd, tkus d s i”pkr~ ;Fkk”kh?kz] jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuks a lnuks a ds le{k j[kk tk;xkA 27&& ifj’kn~ ml o’kZ ds nkSjku ftlds laca/k esa /kkjk 26 ds v/khu dksbZ dk;ZØe vuqiwjd dk;ZØe vkSj Lohdr` fd;k x;k gks] fdlh Hkh le;] jkT; ljdkj dks vuqiwjd dk;ZØe vkSj ctV izLrqr ctV dj ldrh gS vkSj /kkjk 25 ds micU/k ,sls vuqiwjd dk;ØZ e vkSj ctV ij ykxw gkasxsA 28&& ifj’kn~ fdlh Hkh le; jkT; ljdkj }kjk Lohdr` fdlh dk;ZØe ;k mlds dk;ZØe es a ifjorZu fdlh Hkkx es a ifjorZu dj ldrh gS % ijUrq ,slk ifjorZu] ftlls ,sls dk;ZØe es a lfEefyr fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds dk;{Z ks= ;k iz;kstu ij izHkko iM+]s jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk ugha fd;k tk;xk vkSj /kkjk 26 ds micU/k ,sls ifjorZu ij ;Fkko”;d ifjorZuks a lfgr ykxw gkasxsA 29&& ¼1½ /kkjk 26 ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk dk;ØZ e Lohdr` fd, tkus ds vkokl ;kstuk dk i”pkr~] ifj’kn~ /kkjk 28 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] dk;ZØe esa lfEefyr vkokl ;kstuk fu’iknu dks fu’ikfnr djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxhA ¼2½ ifj’kn~ fdlh vkokl ;kstuk es a fn, x, fdlh dk; Z dk fu’iknu fdlh Lora= vfHkdj.k ds ek/;e ls dj ldrh gSA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj mi/kkjk ¼2½ dh fdlh ckr dk ;g vFk Z ugha yxk;k tk;xk fd og ifj’kn~ dks fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds fu’iknu es]a ;FkkfLFkfr] jkT; ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dh lgefr ls mDr ljdkj ;k izkf/kdkjh ds fdlh vfHkdj.k dks fu;ksftr djus ls fuf’k) djrh gSA 30&& ¼1½ mÙkj izns”k tehankjh fouk”k rFkk Hkwfe&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1950 ;k rRle; ifj’kn~ es a xkao lHkk dh izo`Ùk fdlh vU; fof/k es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka fdlh xkao lHkk ;k vU; LFkkuh; Hkwfe dk fufgr gksuk izkf/kdkjh dh ;k mles a fufgr dksbZ lM+d] LDok;j ;k vU; Hkwfe ;k mldk Hkkx jkT; ljdkj }kjk Lohdr` fdlh vkokl ;kstuk es a lfEefyr {ks= es a fLFkr gks] vkSj ,slh ;kstuk ds iz;kstukFkZ visf{kr gks] ogka ifj’kn~] ;FkkfLFkfr] ,slh xkao lHkk ;k LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks ;g uksfVl nsxh fd mldh ;kstuk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, vko”;drk gSA 337 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 31&34À ¼2½ ;fn xkao lHkk ;k LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh lgefr ns rks ,slh lM+d] LDok;j ;k vU; Hkwfe ;k mldk Hkkx ,slh lgefr ds fnukad ls ifj’kn~ es a fufgr gks tk;xkA ¼3½ ;fn xkao lHkk ;k LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh lgefr u ns rks ;g fookn jkT; ljdkj dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xk vkSj jkT; ljdkj dk fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA ¼4½ bl /kkjk dh fdlh ckr dk izHkko ,slh lM+d] LDok;j ;k Hkwfe es a fdlh ukyh ;k ty&dy ij xkao lHkk ;k vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds vf/kdkj ;k “kfDr ij ugha iM+xs kA 31&& ¼1½ tgka dksbZ Hkwfe /kkjk 30 ds v/khu ifj’kn~ es a fufgr gS vkSj ifj’kn~ ;g izfrdj dc ns; gksxk ?kks’k.kk djs fd og ,slh Hkwfe dks rc rd izfr/k`r djsxh tc rd og /kkjk 34 ds v/khu fdlh lM+d ;k [kyq h txg ds Hkkx ds :i es a lEc) xkao lHkk ;k LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh es a iqu% fufgr ugha gk s tkrh] ogka ,slh Hkwfe ds lEcU/k es a ifj’kn~ }kjk dksbZ izfrdj ns; ugha gksxhA ¼2½ tgka dksbZ Hkwfe /kkjk 30 ds v/khu ifj’kn~ es a fufgr gS vkSj Hkwfe ds laca/k es a mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ ?kks’k.kk u dh tk;] ogka ifj’kn~ lEc) xkao lHkk ;k LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks Hkwfe ds cktkj ewY; ds cjkcj /kujkf”k izfrdj ds :i es a nsxhA ¼3½ tgka ifj’kn~ us mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh Hkwfe ds laca/k es a ?kks’k.kk dh gS vkSj ifj’kn~ ?kks’k.kk ds fucU/kuks a ds izfrdwy Hkwfe dks bl izdkj izfr/kkfjr djrh gS ;k mldk fuLrkj.k djrh gS fd Hkwfe xkao lHkk ;k vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh esa iqu% fufgr u gks] ogka ifj’kn~ mi/kkjk ¼2½ d s micU/kks a ds vuqlkj izfrdj nsxhA 32&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ fdlh lkoZtfud lM+d] tks mles a fufgr gks mldks ;k mlds ifj’kn~ es a fufgr fdlh Hkkx dks eksM+ ldrh gS] iFkkUrj dj ldrh gS] lkoZtfud mi;ksx jksd ldrh gS ;k lkoZtfud lM+d dks eksM+us ;k cUn djus LFkk;h :i ls can dj ldrh gSA dh ifj’kn~ dh “kfDr ¼2½ tc dHkh ifj’kn~ vius es a fufgr fdlh lkoZtfud lM+d ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks lkoZtfud mi;ksx ds fy;s jksd ns ;k LFkk;h :i ls cUn dj ns] rks og] ;Fkk lk/;] mlds cny s esa igqapus ds fdlh vU; ;qfDr;qDr lk/ku dh O;oLFkk djsxh vkSj ,sls izR;sd O;fDr dks] tks tu&leqnk; ds ,d lnL; ek= ls fHkUu :i es a igqapus ds lk/ku ds :i es a ,slh lM+d ;k Hkkx dk mi;ksx djus ds fy;s gdnkj gS vkSj ftls bl izdkj jksdus ;k can djus ds dkj.k {kfr gqbZ gS] ;qfDr;qDr izfrdj dk Hkqxrku djsxhA ¼3½ tc ifj’kn~ es a fufgr dksbZ lkoZtfud lM+d ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu LFkk;h :i ls cUn dj fn;k tk;] rc ifj’kn~ mldk mruk Hkkx] ftldh mls dksbZ vko”;drk u gks] csp ldrh gS ;k iV~Vs ij ns ldrh gSA 33&& ;fn /kkjk 31 ;k /kkjk 32 ds v/khu fdlh izfrdj dh ns;rk ;k mDr /kkjkvks a dfri; fookn vf/kdj.k ds v/khu ns; izfrdj dh /kujkf”k ds laca/k es a dksbZ fookn gks rks bl ekey s dks vf/kdj.k dks funs”Z k djuk dh fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mldk fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA 34&& ¼1½ tc dHkh jkT; ljdkj dk lek/kku gks tk; fd]& Xkako lHkk es a dfri; lM+dks vkSj [kqys LFkkuks a ¼d½ /kkjk 21 ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk Lohdr` ;kstuk es a ;Fkk O;ofLFkr dk fufgr gksuk jhfr ls ifj’kn~ }kjk foU;kflr ;k ifjofrZr fdlh lM+d dks lE;d~ :i ls lery dj fn;k gS] [kMa+tk fcNk fn;k x;k gS] iDdk cuk fn;k x;k gS] lhekc) dj fn;k x;k gS] ukyh] ey&ogu vkSj ty fudklh dh O;oLFkk dj nh xbZ gS( vkSj ¼[k½ ,sls ySEi] jks”kuh ds [kEHkks a vkSj vU; midj.kksa dh ftUgas xkao lHkk ,slh lM+dks a ij jks”kuh ds fy, vko”;d le>s vkSj ftudh ifj’kn~ }kjk O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,] O;oLFkk dj nh xbZ gS( vkSj 338 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 35&37À ¼x½ ,slh lM+d ij ty vkSj vU; LoPNrk lqfo/kkvksa dh lE;d :i ls O;oLFkk dj nh xbZ gSA rc jkT; ljdkj ,slh lM+d dks lkoZtfud lM+d ?kksf’kr dj ldrh gS vkSj rnqijkar lM+d xkao lHkk es a fufgr gks tk;xh vkSj mlds i”pkr~ ,slh xkao lHkk }kjk mldk vuqj{k.k] ejEer] izdk”k vkSj lQkbZ dh tk;xhA ¼2½ tc fdlh vkokl ;kstuk dk fu’iknu djrs le; ifj’kn~ }kjk laokru ;k euksjatu ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s fdlh [kqy s LFkku dh O;oLFkk dh x;h gks] rc ;kstuk iwjh gksus ij] mls ifj’kn~ ds ladYi }kjk lEc) xkao lHkk dks vUrfjr dj fn;k tk;xk vkSj rnqijkar ;g ,slh xkao lHkk es a fufgr gks tk;xk vkSj mlds O;; ij mldk vuqj{k.k fd;k tk;xkA ¼3½ ;fn bl /kkjk es a fufnZ’V fdlh ekey s ds lEcU/k es a ifj’kn~ vkSj xkao lHkk ds chp dksbZ fookn mRiUu gks rks ekeyk jkT; ljdkj dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xk] ftldk fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA 35&& ifj’kn~ dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og Hkouks a dk “kh?kz vkSj lLrk fuekZ.k djus ifj’kn~ ds vU; drZO; dh n`f’V ls dk;oZ kgh djs] vkSj ifj’kn~ bl iz;kstu gsrq fuEufyf[kr ds fy;s lHkh dqN dj ldrh gS %& ¼d½ Hkou fuekZ.k lkefxz;ks a dk ,dhdj.k] ljyhdj.k vkSj ekudhdj.k djuk( ¼[k½ x`g la?kVd oLrqvks a dh iwoZ x<+kbZ ¼izh&QSczhds”ku½ vkSj cM+ s iSekus ij mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr djuk( ¼x½ vkokl ;kstukvks a ds fy, visf{kr Hkou fuekZ.k lkefxz;ks a ds mRiknu dh lqO;oLFkk djuk ;k mRrjnkf;Ro yus k( ¼?k½ lLrh Hkou fuekZ.k lkefxz;ks a dh [kkst djus ds fy;s vuqla/kku&dk; Z dks izksRlkfgr djuk vkSj lLrs fuekZ.k dh ubZ fof/k;kas dk fodkl djuk( ¼³½ Hkouks a ds fuekZ.k&dk; Z es a izf”kf{kr Jfedksa dh yxkrkj vkSj i;kZIr miyC/krk lqfuf”pr djuk( ¼p½ iwoZ mfYyf[kr drZO;ks a dk ikyu djus ds fy, ;Fkk&vko”;d leLr vU; dk; Z djukA 36&& ifj’kn~ dks fuEufyf[kr dh O;oLFkk djus dh “kfDr gksxh& Hkw&[k.M dk iquxZBu ¼d½ fdlh ewy Hkw&[k.M dh lhek es a ifjorZu djds iquxZfBr Hkw&[k.M cukuk( ¼[k½ Lokfe;ks a dh lgefr ls] nks ;k vf/kd ewy Hkw&[k.M] ftues a ls izR;sd ij vyx&vyx ;k la;qDr :i ls LokfeRo gks] mudh lhek es a ifjorZu djds ;k ifjorZu fd, fcuk iquxZfBr Hkw&[k.M ds :i es a lkekU; LokfeRo es a j[k s tk;saxs( ¼x½ fdlh ,sls Lokeh dks] tks vkokl ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u es a Hkwfe ls oafpr gks x;k gks Hkw&[k.M dk vkoaVu djuk( vkSj ¼?k½ ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr dks fdlh Hkw&[k.M ds LokfeRo dk vUrj.k djukA v/;k;&pkj Hkwfe dk vtZu vkSj fuLrkj.k 37&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ fdlh O;fDr ls ,slh fdlh Hkwfe dk] ftldh fdlh vkokl ;kts uk ds djkj }kjk Ø; djus ;k iz;kstuks a ds fy;s vko”;drk gks ;k ,slh Hkwfe es a fdlh fgr dk Ø; djds] iV~Vs ij ysdj iV~Vs ij nsus dh “kfDr ;k fofue; }kjk vtZu djus ds fy;s ;k mlds fdlh Lokeh dks mlls oafpr j[kus ;k mles a fdlh izdkj ds gLr{ksi ds lEcU/k es a fdlh ,sls vf/kdkj dh {kfriwfrZ ds fy;s mlls djkj dj ldrh gSA 339 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 38&42À ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh iz;kstu ds fy;s ifj’kn~ }kjk visf{kr fdlh Hkwfe ;k mlesa fdlh fgr dks Hkh mÙkj izns”k esa viuh izo`fÙk ds laca/k esa ;Fkkla”kksf/kr Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu vftZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 38&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk, x, fdUgha fu;eks a ds v/khu Hkwfe vkfn dk fuLrkj.k jgrs gq,] ifj’kn~ vius es fufgr vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu Lohdr` fdlh vkokl ;kstuk djus dh “kfDr es a lekfo’V {ks= es a fLFkr fdlh Hkwfe] Hkou ;k vU; lEifÙk dks izfr/kkfjr dj ldrh gS] iV~Vs ij ns ldrh gS] csp ldrh gS] fofue; dj ldrh gS ;k mldk vU; izdkj ls fuLrkj.k dj ldrh gSA 39&& ¼1½ tgka fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds fu’iknu ds QyLo:i fdlh Hkw&[k.M dk Hkw&[k.Mks a ds iquxZBu ds iquxZBu fd;k tk; ;k fdlh O;fDr dks fdlh Hkwfe ls csny[ky fd;k tk;] ogka ,sls laca/k es a fookn iquxZBu ;k csn[kyh ls izHkkfor dksbZ O;fDr izfrdj ds fy;s fofgr jhfr ls ifj’kn~ dks vkosnu dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ ifj’kn~ ,slh tkap djus ds i”pkr~] tSlh og mfpr le>s] vkosnd dks ns; izfrdj dh /kujkf”k] ;fn dksbZ gks] vo/kkfjr dj ldrh gSA ¼3½ ;fn vkosnd] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu ifj’kn~ ds fofu”p; ls vlarq’V gks rks og vf/kdj.k dks ,slh jhfr ls] tSlh fofgr dh tk;] vihy dj ldrk gSA ¼4½ ifj’kn~] ;FkkfLFkfr] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu vo/kkfjr izfrdj dh /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku ml O;fDr dks djsxk] ftls mldk gdnkj ik;k tk;A v/;k; &ikap vf/kdj.k 40&& ¼1½ izR;sd fty s dk ftyk U;k;k/kh”k bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s vf/kdj.k ds xBu vf/kdj.k dk xBu djsxkA ¼2½ vf/kdj.k ,slh izfØ;k dk vuqlj.k djsxk] tSlh fofgr dh tk,A ¼3½ fdlh /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku djus ;k fdlh LFkkoj lEifÙk ij dCtk fnykus ;k ,slh lEifÙk ls fdlh lajpuk dks gVkus dk vf/kdj.k dk izR;sd vkns”k flfoy U;k;ky; dh fMØh le>k tk;xk vkSj bl :i es a mldk fu’iknu fd;k tk;xkA ¼4½ vf/kdj.k ds le{k dk;oZ kfg;ks a dks Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 193 vkSj 228 ds vFkkZUrxZr U;kf;d dk;oZ kgh le>k tk;xkA ¼5½ vf/kdj.k dk lnL; ,sls ikfjJfed dk gdnkj gksxk] tSlk fofgr fd;k tk;A 41&& vf/kdj.k /kkjk 31 vkSj 32 ds v/khu ns; izfrdj ls lacaf/kr leLr iz”uks a vkSj vf/kdj.k ds drZO; /kkjk 39 ds v/khu izLrqr leLr vihyks a dk fofu”p; djsxk vkSj vf/kdj.k dk fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA 42&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ tkap djus ;k fdlh vihy dh lquokbZ djus vf/kdj.k dh “kfDr ds iz;kstu ds fy;s vf/kdj.k dks ogh “kfDr;ka gksxh] tks fuEufyf[kr fo’k;kas ds laca/k esa fdlh okn dk fopkj.k djrs le; flfoy izfØ;k] 1908 ds v/khu flfoy U;k;ky; es a fufgr gS %& 340 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 43&44À ¼d½ fdlh O;fDr dks leu djuk vkSj mls mifLFkr gksus ds fy;s ck/; djuk vkSj “kiFk ij mldh ijh{kk djuk( ¼[k½ “kiFk&i=ks a ij lk{; izkIr djuk( ¼x½ fdlh Hkou ;k mlds ifj{ks= dk fujh{k.k djuk ;k lkf{k;kas ;k nLrkostks a dh ijh{kk ;k LFkkuh; vUos’k.k ds fy, deh”ku tkjh djuk( ¼?k½ nLrkostks a dks izdV vkSj izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djuk( ¼³½ fof/kiw.kZ djkj] le>kSrk ;k rqf’V dks vfHkfyf[kr djuk vkSj rn~uqlkj vkns”k nsuk( ¼p½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks fofgr fd;k tk;A v/;k; &N% foÙk] y[s kk vkSj y[s kk ijh{kk 43&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ dh viuh fuf/k gksxh] ftls LFkkuh; fuf/k le>k tk;xk vkSj foÙkh; micU/k ftles a ifj’kn~ }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls izkIr leLr /kujkf”k tek dh tk;xhA ¼2½ ifj’kn~ dh fuf/k Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad esa ;k jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls] mÙkj izns”k dks&vkijsfVo cSad ;k fdlh vuqlwfpr cSad es a j[kh tk;xh % ijUrq bl mi/kkjk dh fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;xk fd og ifj’kn~ dks ,slh udn /kujkf”k j[kus ls tks pkyw Hkqxrku ds fy;s vko”;d gks] ;k fuf/k ds fdlh ,sls Hkkx dks tks rqjUr O;; djus ds fy;s visf{kr u gks] Hkkjrh; U;kl vf/kfu;e] 1882 dh /kkjk 20 es a of.kZr fdUgha izfrHkwfr;ks a es a fofu;ksftr djus ls izokfjr djrh gSA ¼3½ ,slh “krksaZ vkSj ifjlhekvks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tSlh fofgr dh tk;]s ifj’kn le;&le; ij bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s _.k y s ldrh gS ;k foÙkh; izcU/k dj ldrh gSA ¼4½ ,slh “krksaZ vkSj ifjlhekvks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tSlh fofgr dh tk;]s ifj’kn~ fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh] fdlh lgdkjh lfefr ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dks x`g&fuekZ.k ds fy;s ,sls fucU/kuks a vkSj “krksa Z ij ftUgas og vo/kkfjr djs] _.k vkSj vfxze ns ldrh gSA 44&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ le;&le; ij] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls] ,slh /kujkf”k ds _.k&i= fy;s vkSj ,sls fucU/kuks a vkSj “krksZ a ij] tSlh fofgr dh tk;] _.k&i= tkjh dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh fd, x, fdUgha Hkh _.k&i=ks a ds ewy/ku vkSj C;kt ;k ewy/ku ;k C;kt ds Hkqxrku dh ,slh jhfr ls tSlh og mfpr le>s] izR;kHkwfr ns ldrh gS % ijUrq jkT; ljdkj tc rd dksbZ ,slh izR;kHkwfr izo`Ùk gks] izfro’kZ ctV l= ds nkSjku jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuks a lnuks a ds le{k pkyw foÙkh; o’kZ es a nh x;h izR;kHkwfr;ks a dk] ;fn dksbZ gks] ,d fooj.k&i= vkSj mu dqy /kujkf”k;ksa dk] ;fn dksbZ gks] ,d v|kof/kd y[s kk j[kxs h] ftudk Hkqxrku fdUgha ,slh izR;kHkwfr;ks a ds dkj.k jkT; ds jktLo ls fd;k x;k gks ;k ftudk Hkqxrku bl izdkj nh x;h fdlh /kujkf”k dk izfrnku djus ds fy;s jkT; ds jktLo esa fd;k x;k gksA ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu ifj’kn~ }kjk tkjh fd, x, _.k&i= ,slh jhfr ls tkjh fd, tk;asxs] vUrfjr fd, tk;asxs] muds laca/k es a dk;Zokgh dh tk;xh vkSj mudk ekspu fd;k tk;xk] tSlh fofgr dh tk;A 341 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 45&48À 45&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ vius }kjk fy, x, fdlh _.k&i= ,slh jhfr ls] tSlh fofgr dh _.k dk izfrnku tk;] ,d fu{ksi fuf/k LFkkfir djsxhA ¼2½ izR;sd ,slh fu{ksi fuf/k dk vuqj{k.k] fofu;kstu vkSj iz;ksx ,slh jhfr ls fd;k tk;xk tSlh fofgr dh tk;A ¼3½ ifj’kn~ fu{ksi fuf/k ds fofu;kstu ds fy;s vkSj ml _.k ds izfrnku ds fy, ftlds fy;s fuf/k dh LFkkiuk dh x;h Fkh] fofgr jhfr ls U;kl dk l`tu dj ldrh gS vkSj ;fn jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl izdkj funs”k fn;k tk; rks og l`tu djsxhA 46&& jkT; ljdkj] le;&le; ij] ,sls fucU/kuks a vkSj “krksaZ ij] ftUgas og vo/kkfjr ljdkj }kjk vuqnku vkSj djs] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s ifj’kn~ dks vuqnku ;k _.k ns ldrh gSA _.k 47&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ ds fy;s ,d ,slh ifjØkeh fuf/k dk l`tu djuk fof/kiw.kZ gksxk vkorZd fuf/k ftles a ,sls leLr vkxe tek fd, tk;asxs] tks fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds v/khu ifj’kn~ }kjk fufeZr ;k iqufufeZr fdlh Hkou ;k mlesa fdlh bdkbZ ds fdLr ds vk/kkj ij fcØh ds laca/k es a ifj’kn~ }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls izkIr gksA ¼2½ vkorZd fuf/k fdlh vkokl ;kstuk ds v/khu Hkouks a ds fuekZ.k ;k iqufuZekZ.k ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s gh j[kh tk;xs h vkSj mldk iz;ksx fd;k tk;xkA 48&& ¼1½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ifj’kn~ ds le{k fdlh foÙkh; o’kZ ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ y[s kk vkSj y[s kk&ijh{kk gksus okyh fo”ks’k cSBd es a ml o’kZ ds fy;s ifj’kn~ dk ctV j[ksxkA ¼2½ izR;sd ,slk ctV ,sls izi= esa rS;kj fd;k tk;xk] tSlk fofgr fd;k tk; vkSj mles]a& ¼,d½ ,slh vkokl vkSj lq/kkj ;kstuk] ftUgas ifj’kn~ ml o’kZ esa vkaf”kd ;k iw.kZ:i es a fu’ikfnr djus dk izLrko djrh gS] ¼nks½ ifj’kn~ ds leLr nkf;Roks a dks lE;d~ :i ls iwjk djus] vkSj ¼rhu½ bl vf/kfu;e ds n{k iz”kklu] ds fy;s O;oLFkk dh tk;xh vkSj mles a ,d ,slk fooj.k&i= gksxk] ftlesa ml o’kZ ds fy;s iwta hxr vkSj jktLo y[s k s ij vuqekfur izkfIr;k¡ vkSj O;;] vkSj ,slh vU; fof”kf’V;ka nh tk;asxh tSlh fofgr dh tk;asA ¼3½ ifj’kn~ ctV ij fopkj djus ds i”pkr~ mls mikUrj lfgr ;k mlds fcuk Lohdr` djsxh] vkSj mls jkT; ljdkj dks vuqeksnu ds fy, izLrqr djsxhA ¼4½ jkT; ljdkj ifj’kn~ }kjk ;Fkk Lohdr` ctV dk ;k rks vuqeksnu dj ldrh gS] ;k mls ifj’kn~ dks ,sls mikUrjks a ds fy;s tlS k jkT; ljdkj funs”k ns] okil dj ldrh gSA ¼5½ tgka ctV bl izdkj okil dj fn;k tk;] ogka ifj’kn~ rqjUr ,sls mikUrj djsxh vkSj bl izdkj ;Fkk mikUrfjr ctV jkT; ljdkj dks izLrqr djsxh] tks rRi”pkr mldk vuqeksnu dj ldrh gSA ¼6½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ml foÙkh; o’kZ ds nkSjku] ftlds fy, jkT; ljdkj }kjk ctV dk vuqeksnu dj fn;k x;k gS] fdlh Hkh le; ifj’kn ds le{k vuqiwjd ctV j[k ldrk gS vkSj ,sls vuqiwjd ctV ds laca/k es a bl mi/kkjk ds iwoZorhZ micU/k ;Fkko”;d ifjorZu lfgr ykxw gkasxsA ¼7½ ifj’kn~ ,sls izi= es a vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] tSlh fofgr dh tk;] y[s kk j[ksxh vkSj rqyu&i= rS;kj djsxhA 342 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 49&50À ¼8½ ifj’kn~ ds ys[k s dh ys[kk&ijh{kk ,sls y[s kk ijh{kd }kjk ,slh jhfr ls vkSj ,sls le; ij dh tk;xh tSlh fofgr dh tk;] vkSj bl izdkj fu;qDr y[s kk ijh{kd dks ,sls fo’k;kas ds laca a/k es a nLrkostks a ds izLrqr fd, tkus vkSj lwpuk fn, tkus dh vis{kk djus dh ,slh “kfDr vkSj ifj’kn~ dh fuf/k ;k lEifÙk dks v/;{k] xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r vkSj ifj’kn~ ds lnL;ks]a vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj lsodksa dh mis{kk ;k muds nqjkpj.k ds dkj.k gqbZ fdlh gkfu] viO;; ;k nqfoZfu;ksx ds fy;s muds fo:) vLohdf`r vkSj vf/kHkkj ds laca/k es a ,slh “kfDr;ka gksxh] vkSj vf/kHkkj vkSj vf/kHkkfjr /kujkf”k dh olwyh ds laca/k es a ,slh izfØ;k dk vuqlj.k djsxa s] tSlh fofgr dh tk; vkSj muds vLohdf`r vkSj vf/kHkkj ds laca/k es a ,slh vihy ,slh jhfr ls dh tk ldsxh tSlh fofgr dh tk;A ¼9½ y[s kk ijh{kd }kjk ;Fkk izekf.kr ifj’kn~ dk y[s kk vkSj mlds laca/k es a y[s kk ijh{kk izfrosnu izfro’kZ jkT; ljdkj dks Hksts tk;sxa s] tks muds laca/k es a ifj’kn~ dks ,sls vuqns”k ns ldrh gS] ftls og mfpr le>s vkSj ifj’kn ,sls vuqns”kks a dk ikyu djsxhA ¼10½ jkT; ljdkj& ¼d½ mi/kkjk ¼9½ ds v/khu izkIr ifj’kn~ dk y[s kk vkSj muds laca/k es a y[s kk&ijh{kk izfrosnu izfro’kZ jkT; fo/kku e.My ds izR;sd lnu ds le{k j[kok;sxh( vkSj ¼[k½ ifj’kn~ ds y[s ks dks fofgr jhfr ls izdkf”kr djk;xs h vkSj ;qfDr;qDr ewY; ij fcØh ds fy;s mldh izfrfyfi;ka miyC/k djk;xs hA v/;k; & lkr lafonk 49&& ifj’kn~ ,slh leLr lafonk,a dj ldrh gS vkSj mudk fu’iknu dj ldrh gS] Lkafonk djus dh “kfDr ftUgas og bl vf/kfu;e ds fdUgha iz;kstuks a dks dk;kfZUor djus ds fy;s vko”;d ;k lehphu le>sA 50&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~ dh vksj ls izR;sd lafonk ;k lEifÙk laca/kh gLrkUrj.k&i= fyf[kr lafonkvks dk fu’iknu :i esa gksxk vkSj mldk fu’iknu ,sls izkf/kdkjh }kjk vkSj ,slh jhfr ls vkSj ,sls izi= es a fd;k tk;xk] tSlk fofgr fd;k tk; % ijUrq iPphl gtkj :i;s ;k blls vf/kd O;; okyh dksbZ lafonk ifj’kn~ dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk ugha dh tk;xs hA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/k fdlh lafonk ;k izkDdyu es a fd, x, izR;sd ifjorZu ;k mldk ifjR;kx djus ij vkSj fdlh ewy lafonk ;k izkDdyu ij Hkh ykxw gkasxsA ¼3½ jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1908 es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ;k ifj’kn~ dh vksj ls fdlh djkj ;k vU; fy[kr dk fu’iknu djus ds fy;s izkf/kdr` ifj’kn~ ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ds fy;s ;g vko”;d u gksxk fd og fdlh ,sls djkj ;k fy[kr dh jftLVªh ls lEc) fdlh dk;oZ kgh es a fdlh jftLVªhdj.k dk;kyZ ; es a Lo;a ;k fdlh vfHkdrkZ }kjk mifLFkr gks ;k gLrk{kj djs a tSlk fd mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 58 es a micfU/kr gS % ijUrq jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh] ftls ,slk fy[kr izLrqr fd;k tk;] ;fn og mfpr le>s rks fy[kr ds laca/k esa lwpuk izkIr djus ds fy;s mls xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ;k ,sls vf/kdkjh dks fufnZ’V dj ldrk gS vkSj mlds fu’iknu ds laca/k esa lek/kku gks tkus ij] ml fy[kr dk jftLVªhdj.k djsxkA 343 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 51&56À 51&& ,sls fu;eks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ftUgas jkT; ljdkj bl fufeÙk cuk,] ifj’kn~ Lkafonk ds laca/k es a “kfDr vkns”k }kjk funs”k ns ldrh gS fd /kkjk 50 ds v/khu iznÙk “kfDr dk iz;ksx xzkeh.k vkokl dk izR;k;kstu vk;Dq r ;k ifj’kn~ }kjk fofufnZ’V fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tk;xkA 52&& dksbZ lafonk ;k lEifÙk dk gLrkarj.k&i= tks fd bl v/;k; vkSj blds v/khu Lakfonk ds fu’iknu ds cuk; s x;s fu;eks a es a ;Fkk micfU/kr ds vuqlkj fu’ikfnr u gks] ifj’kn~ ij ck/;dkjh u laca/k es a vxzrj micU?k gksxkA v/;k; & vkB vijk/k vkSj “kkfLr;ka 53&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr& Lkafonkdkj ds dk;Z es a :dkoV Mkyus ;k fpUg ¼d½ fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] ftlds lkFk ifj’kn~ us lafonk fd;k gS] vius gVkus ds fy, “kkfLr drZO; ;k fdlh ,sls dke dk ikyu ;k fu’iknu djus es a :dkoV Mkys ;k mRihfM+r djs a ftls bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ;k fofu;e ds vk/kkj ij ;k ifj.kkeLo:i djus d s fy;s og vf/kdr` gS ;k djus dh mlls vis{kk dh x;h gS] ;k ¼[k½ fdlh lrg ;k fn”kk dks bafxr djus ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s yxk, x, fdlh ,sls fpUg dks gVk, tks bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ;k fofu;e }kjk izkf/kdr` fuekZ.k&dk; Z ds fu’iknu ds fy, vko”;d gS] Rkks og dkjkokl ls] ftldh vof/k N% ekl rd gks ldrh gS] ;k tqekZuk ls tks ,d gtkj :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] ;k nksuks a ls] n.Muh; gksxkA 54&& ;fn v/;{k ;k ifj’kn~ dk dksbZ lnL;] izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls] Lo;a ;k ifj’kn~ ds lkFk lafonk fdlh Hkkxhnkj] lsok;kstd ;k deZpkjh }kjk ifj’kn~ ds lkFk] mlds }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls vkfn es a va”k ;k fgr vftZr djus ds fy, fdlh lafonk ;k lsok;kstu es a vFkZ laca/kh ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk dksbZ va”k ;k fgr vftZr “kkfLr djs] tks ,slk va”k ;k fgr gks tks v/;{k ;k lnL;

pqus tkus ;k cus jgus ds fy;s vufgZr djrk gks( ;k ;fn ifj’kn~ dk dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k lsod] izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls] Lo;a ;k fdlh Hkkxhnkj] lsok;kstd ;k deZpkjh }kjk ifj’kn~ ds lkFk] mlds }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls fdlh lafonk es]a ;k tgka rd mldk laca/k ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ds :i es a mlds lsok;kstu ls gS mls NksM+dj fdlh lsok;kstu es a /kkjk 7 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ;k [k.M ¼[k½ esa mfYyf[kr va”k ;k fgr ls fHkUu vFkZ laca/kh ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk dksbZ va”k ;k fgr vftZr djs]a rks og lk/kkj.k dkjkokl ls ftldh vof/k ,d o’kZ rd gks ldrh gS ;k tqekZuk ls tk s ,d gtkj :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkA 55&& ;fn dksbZ O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ;k blds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ;k vU; ekeyks a es a “kkfLr fofu;e ds fdlh micU/k dk mYya?ku djs rks og] ;fn ,sls mYya?ku ds fy, dksbZ vU; “kkfLr dh O;oLFkk u gks] tqekZuk ls tks ikap lkS :i;s rd gks ldrk gS] n.Muh; gksxk] vkSj ;fn mYya?ku tkjh jgs rks vfrfjDr tqekZuk ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izR;sd ,sls fnu ds fy;s] ftles a izFke ckj fl)&nks’k Bgjk, tkus ds i”pkr mYya?ku tkjh jgs] iPphl :i;s rd gks ldrk gSA 56&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s fl)nks’k vijk/kh dk izfrdj Bgjk;k tk;] rc ,sls O;fDr dks fl)nks’k Bgjkus okyk U;k;ky; ifj’kn~ }kjk bl fufeÙk Hkqxrku djus dk nkf;Ro vkosnu&i= fn;s tkus ij] ,sls O;fDr ls rqjUr ;g dkj.k crkus dks dgsxk fd D;ks a u og vius }kjk fd;s x;s dk;Z ls gqbZ {kfr ds fy;s ftlds laca/k es a og fl)nks’k Bgjk;k x;k gS] ifj’kn~ dks izfrdj dk Hkqxrku djsA ¼2½ U;k;ky; ,sls O;fDr }kjk crk;s x;s fdlh dkj.k ij fopkj djsxk vkSj ,slh tk¡p djus ds i”pkr~ ftls ;g mfpr le>s] ;g funs”k ns ldrk gS fd ,d gtkj :i;s ls vuf/kd ,sls izfrdj dk] tSlk og vo/kkfjr djs] Hkqxrku ifj’kn~ dks fd;k tk;A 344 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 57&60À ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu Hkqxrku fd, tkus ds fy, funsfZ”kr izfrdj dh /kujkf”k tqekZuk ds :i es a olwy dh tk ldsxhA 57&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh n.Muh; vijk/k dks djus okyk dksbZ dEifu;ks a }kjk vijk/k O;fDr dEiuh gS rks ,sls izR;sd O;fDr dks] tks vijk/k fd;s tkus ds le; dEiuh dk izHkkjh jgk gS vkSj mlds dk; Z lapkyu ds fy, mlds izfr mÙkjnk;h jgk gS] vkSj dEiuh dks Hkh vijk/k dk nks’kh le>k tk;xk] vkSj rn~uqlkj muds fo:) dk;oZ kgh dh tk ldsxh vkSj n.M fn;k tk ldsxk % ijUrq bl mi/kkjk dh fdlh ckr ls ,slk dksbZ O;fDr n.Muh; ugha gksxk] ;fn og ;g lkfcr dj ns fd vijk/k mldh tkudkjh ds fcuk fd;k x;k Fkk ;k mlus ml vijk/k ds fuokj.k ds fy;s iw.kZ:is.k lE;d~ rRijrk cjrh FkhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka dksbZ ,slk vijk/k fdlh dEiuh }kjk fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g lkfcr gks tk; fd vijk/k dEiuh ds fdlh izcU/k vfHkdrkZ] lfpo ,oa dks’kk/;{k] funs”kd] izcU/kd] lfpo ;k vU; vf/kdkjh dh lgefr ;k ekSukuqdwyrk ls fd;k x;k gS] ogka ,sls izcU/k vfHkdrkZ] lfpo ,oa dks’kk/;{k] funs”kd] izcU/kd] lfpo ;k vU; vf/kdkjh dks Hkh ml vijk/k dk nks’kh le>k tk;xk vkSj rnuqlkj muds fo:) dk;oZ kgh dh tk ldsxh vkSj n.M fn;k tk ldsxkA Li’Vhdj.k %& bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy;s & ¼d½ ^^dEiuh** dk rkRi;Z fdlh fuxfer fudk; l s gS vkSj blds vUrxZr dksbZ QeZ ;k O;fDr;ks a dk vU; leqnk; Hkh gS( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh QeZ ds laca/k es]a ^^funs”kd** dk rkRi;Z ml QeZ ds Hkkxhnkj ls gSA 58&& ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh U;k;ky; bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k dk izfØ;k laKku vijk/k fd;s tkus ls N% ekl ds Hkhrj ifj’kn~ ;k bl fufeÙk lE;d~ :i ls izkf/kd`r ifj’kn~ ds fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk ifjokn fd;s tkus ds ;k mlls lwpuk izkIr gq, fcuk ugha djsxkA ¼2½ izFke oxZ ds eftLVªsV ls voj dksbZ U;k;ky;] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k dk fopkj.k ugha djsxkA 59&& izR;sd iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og& iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ks a ds drZO; ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eks a ds micU/kks a dks dk;kZfUor vkSj izofrZr djus ds fy, xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r dks lg;ksx ns( ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ds micU/kks a ds fo:) fd;s tkus okys ;k fd;s x;s fdlh vijk/k dh dksbZ lwpuk tks mls izkIr gks] ifj’kn~ ds leqfpr vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks vfoyEc ns(a vkSj ¼x½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr ;k ifj’kn~ ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks ,slh lgk;rk nsa] ftldh og bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ds v/khu xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r ;k fdlh ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k lsod es a fufgr fdlh “kfDr dk fof/klaxr iz;ksx djus d s fy;s mlls vis{kk djsA 60&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k dk “keu] vfHk;kts u vijk/kks a dk “keu lafLFkr fd;s tkus ds iwoZ ;k i”pkr~ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r }kjk ;k xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr }kjk bl fufeÙk lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk izkf/kdr` fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk ,sls fucU/kuks a ij ftUgas] ;FkkfLFkfr] xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr ;k vU; vf/kdkjh mfpr le>s] fd;k tk ldrk gSA 345 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 61&63À ¼2½ tgka fdlh vijk/k dk “keu fd;k x;k gks] ogka vijk/kh dks] ;fn vfHkj{kk es a gks] ;FkkfLFkfr] mUekfspr ;k nks’k eqDr dj fn;k tk;xk vkSj “kefur vijk/k ds laca/k es a mlds fo:) dksbZ vxzrj dk;oZ kgh ugha dh tk;xhA v/;k;&ukS izdh.kZ 61&& mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~] vf/kfu;e] 1965 dh /kkjk 83 ls 93 ds mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la micU/k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu xfBr ifj’kn~ vkSj mlds lnL;ks]a vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa ij 01] o’kZ 1966 ds dfri; micU/kks a dh iz;ksT;rk ;Fkko”;d ifjorZu lfgr mlh izdkj ykxw gksxa s] ftl izdkj os izFke mfYyf[kr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu xfBr vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vkSj mlds lnL;ks]a vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa ij ykxw gkrs s gSaA 62&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a dks dk;kZfUor fu;e cukus dh “kfDr djus d s fy;s fu;e cuk ldrh gSA ¼2½ fo”ks’kr% vkSj iwoksDZ r “kfDr dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] ,sls fu;eks a es a fuEufyf[kr dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gS & ¼d½ ifj’kn~ ds lnL;ks a dks ns; HkÙkk] ;fn dksbZ gks( ¼[k½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr dh lsok dh “krsa(Z ¼x½ ifj’kn~ ds vk;&O;;d dk y[s kk j[kus dh jhfr( ¼?k½ xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq Rk }kjk ifj’kn~ ds vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa ij i;Zos{k.k vkSj fu;a=.k j[kuk( ¼³½ /kkjk 13 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ifj’kn~ }kjk ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu xzkeh.k vkokl vk;qDr }kjk “kfDr;ks a dk izR;k;kts u( ¼p½ fdlh vkokl ;kts uk es a O;ofLFkr fd;s tkus okys fo’k;( ¼N½ vf/kdj.k }kjk vius le{k dk;oZ kfg;ks a es a vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfØ;k( ¼t½ “krsa Z vkSj ifjlhek,a] ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, ifj’kn~ djkj }kjk Hkwfe dk vtZu vkSj fuLrkj.k dj ldrh gS( ¼>½ dksbZ fo’k;] ftlds fy;s /kkjk 63 ds v/khu ifj’kn~ }kjk fofu;e cuk;k tk ldsA 63&& ¼1½ ifj’kn~] xtV es]a vf/klwpuk }kjk] fuEufyf[kr dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, fofu;e cukus dh “kfDr fofu;e cuk ldrh gS %& ¼d½ lfefr;ksaa dh fu;qfDr] mudk xBu vkSj izfØ;k( ¼[k½ ifj’kn~ vkSj mldh lfefr;ks a dh cSBd dk le; vkSj LFkku vkSj mudks cqykus dh jhfr( ¼x½ ifj’kn~ ds vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa s dk drZO;( ¼?k½ ifj’kn~ ds vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa dh lsok dh “krsa(Z ¼³½ fuekZ.k dk;kZas d s fy;s ;kts uk,a vkSj vuqeku rS;kj djuk( ¼p½ ctV vkSj vuqeku rS;kj djuk( ¼N½ og izkf/kdkj] ftlds vk/kkj ij ifj’kn~ dh fuf/k ls /ku fn;k tk ldrk gS( ¼t½ lkoZtfud uksfVl ds izdk”ku dh jhfr( 346 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 64&65À ¼>½ uksfVlks]a fcyksa vkSj vU; nLrkostks]a ij xzkeh.k vkokl vk;Dq r vkSj ifj’kn~ ds vf/kdkfj;ks a ds gLrk{kjks a ds izfr:i dh eqgj yxkuk( ¼´½ ifj’kn~ }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s nLrkostks]a vuqekuks a vkSj ;kstukvks a dh izfrfyfi;ks a ds fy;s ns; Qhl( ¼V½ fdlh vkokl ;k lq/kkj ;kstuk ds v/khu fufeZr Hkouks a dk izcU/k] mi;ksx vkSj vkoaVu( ¼B½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] ftldh O;oLFkk bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eks a ds v/khu fofu;eks a }kjk dh tkus okyh gks ;k dh tk;As ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ fofu;e bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fdlh fu;e ds izfrdwy gks rks og fu;e] pkgs og fofu;e ds iwoZ cuk;k x;k gks ;k mlds i”pkr~ vfHkHkkoh gksxk vkSj fofu;e izfrdwy gksus dh lhek rd “kwU; gkxs kA 64&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a dks] bl vf/kfu;e es a fdlh ckr ds gksus dfBukb;ks a dks nwj djus ds ;k rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds dkj.k izHkkoh cukus es a dksbZ dfBukbZ mRiUu dh “kfDr gks rks jkT; ljdkj] volj dh vis{kkuqlkj vkns”k }kjk] funs”k ns ldrh gS fd ;g vf/kfu;e vkns”k es a fofufnZ’V vof/k ds nkSjku ,sls vuqdwyuks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] pkgs os mikUrj] ifjo)Zu ;k yksi ds :i es gks] ftUgas og vko”;d ;k lehphu le>s] izHkkoh gksxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k dksbZ vkns”k bl izdkj fn;k tk ldrk gS fd og fdlh ,sls fnukad ls] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds fnukad ls igys dk u gks] Hkwry{kh gksA ¼3½ fdlh {ks= ds laca/k esa mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus d s fnukad ls rhu o’kZ dh lekfIr ij ugha fn;k tk;xkA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k dksbZ vkns”k] ;Fkk”kh?kz] jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuks a lnuks a ds le{k j[kk tk;xs kA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vkns”k ij fdlh U;k;ky; es a bl vk/kkj ij vkifÙk ugha dh tk;xh fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa ;FkkfufnZ’V ,slh dksbZ dfBukbZ fo|eku ugha Fkh ;k mls nwj djuk visf{kr ugha FkkA 65&& fdlh ,sls {ks= ds laca/k esa] ftles a bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ ;kstuk izo`Ùk fujlu vkSj viokn gks] mÙkj izns”k {ks= lfefr rFkk ftyk ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1961 dh /kkjk 162 ls 171 dk] vkSj mÙkj izns”k efyu cLr {ks= ¼lq/kkj vkSj fuikru½ vf/kfu;e] 1962] mÙkj izns”k ¼fuekZ.k&dk;Z fofu;eu½ vf/kfu;e] 1958] mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1965 mu vkokl ;k lq/kkj ;kstukvks a dks NksM+dj ftUgas ;k rks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu dksbZ ;kstuk ?kksf’kr djus ds iwoZ mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1965 dh /kkjk 32 ds v/khu vf/klfwpr fd;k x;k gks ;k ftUgas mDr ?kks’k.kk ds iwoZ mDr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 28 ds v/khu vf/klwfpr fd;s tkus ds i”pkr~ mDr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu tkjh j[kus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k tk; ;k ftUgas ,slh ?kks’k.kk ds i”pkr~ jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ls izkjEHk fd;k tk; vkSj mÙkj izns”k uxj&;kstuk vkSj fodkl vf/kfu;e] 1973 dk izorZu fuyfEcr jgsxk vkSj mÙkj izns”k lk/kkj.k [k.M vf/kfu;e] 1904 dh /kkjk 6 ds micU/k ,sls fuyEcu ds laca/k es a bl izdkj ykxw gksxa s s ekuks a fuyEcu bl vf/kfu;e }kjk mDr vf/kfu;fefr;ks a dk fujlu gksA 347 ¿mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983À ¿/kkjk 66&67À 66&& mÙkj izns”k vkS|ksfxd x`g&O;oLFkk vf/kfu;e] 1955 es]a /kkjk 3 es&a mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e l[;k 23 lu~ 1955 ¼d½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es]a “kCn ^^mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~** ds LFkku dh /kkj 3 dk la”kks/ku ij “kCn ^^mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1965 ds v/khu LFkkfir mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ ;k mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983 ds v/khu LFkkfir mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~** j[k fn, tk;asxsA ¼[k½ mi/kkjk ¼3½ es]a “kCn ^^mÙkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1965** ds i”pkr~ “kCn ^^;k mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1983** c<+k fn, tk;sxa sA 67&& ¼1½ mÙkj izns”k xzkeh.k vkokl ifj’kn~ v/;kns”k] 1983 ,rn~}kjk fujflr fd;k fujlu vkjS viokn tkrk gSA ¼2½ ,sls fujlu ds gksrs gq, Hkh] mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fufnZ’V v/;kns”k ds v/khu d`r dksbZ dk; Z ;k dk;oZ kgh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu d`r dk; Z ;k dk;Zokgh le>h tk;xh ekuks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k lHkh lkjHkwr le; ij izo`Ùk FkAs