The UTTAR PRADESH MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1916

mŸkj inz s”k uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916 ¿mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 2] o’kZ 1916À THE UTTAR PRADESH MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1916 [Uttar Pradesh Act No. II of 1916] 1 ¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 19161 ¿ ¿mÙkj inz s”kÀ5 vf/kfu;e l[a ;k 2] o’kZ 1916À la;qDr izkUr ea s uxjikfydkvks a ls lEc) fof/k dks lesfdr djus d s fy, vf/kfu;e ;g b’Vdj gS fd la;qDr izkUr ea s uxjikfydkvks a ls lEc) fof/k dks lesfdr vkSj la”kksf/kr fd;k tk;]s vr,o ,rn~}kjk fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e cuk;k tkrk gS %&& v/;k; 1 izkjfEHkd 1&& ¼1½ ;g vf/kfu;e ¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916 dgk tk;sxkA Lkaf{kIr “kh’kZ] izlkj vkSj izkjEHk ¼2½ bldk izlkj lEiw.kZ mŸkj izns”k ea s gksxkA ¼3½ ;g igyh tqykbZ] 1916 ls izo`Ÿk gksxkA 2&& tc rd fd fo’k; ;k lUnHkZ ea s dksbZ ckr izfrdwy u gks] bl vf/kfu;e ea s & ifjHkk’kk,a ¿¼1½ ^fiNM+ s oxksaZ* dk rkRi;Z mŸkj izns”k yksd lsok vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks a vkSj vU; fiNM+ s oxksaZ ds fy, vkj{k.k vf/kfu;e] 1994 dh vuqlwph&,d eas fofufnZ’V ukxfjdks a ds fiNM+ s oxksaZ ls gS(À3 ¼2½ ^Hkou* dk rkRi;Z fdlh edku mix`g] vLrcy] Nknd ¼”ksM+½ >ksiM+h ;k vU; ckM+k ;k <kaps ls gS pkgs og iDdh bZV] ydM+h] feV~Vh] /kkrq ;k pkgs fdlh Hkh vU; inkFkZ ls cuk gks] pkgs mudk mi;ksx euq’;ks a ds jgus ds fy, ;k vU;Fkk fd;k tkrk gks vkSj blds vUrxZr dksbZ cjkenk] pcwrjk edku dh dqlhZ] thuk] nsgyh] nhoky] ftlea s fdlh m|ku ;k d`f’k Hkwfe] tks fdlh Hkou ls vuqyXu u gks] dh pgkjnhokjh ls fHkUu fdlh vgkrs dh nhoky lfEefyr gS] fdUrq blds vUrxZr dksbZ rEcw ;k dksbZ vU; ,slk ifjoguh; vLFkk;h vkJ; LFky ugha gS( ¼3½ ^mifof/k* dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds cuk;h x;h mifof/k ls gS( ¼4½ ø***À4 ¼5½ ^vgkrk* dk rkRi;Z ,slh Hkwfe ls gS] pkgs og f?kjh gqbZ gks ;k ugha] tks fdlh Hkou ls vuqyXu gks ;k vusd Hkouks a dk lkekU; vuqyXud gks( ¿¼5&d½ ^funs”kd* dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 31&[k ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr LFkkuh; fudk; funs”kd] mŸkj izns”k ls gS(À2 1- mn~ns”;ks a vkSj dkj.kks a ds fooj.k gsrq xtV 1975] Hkkx fo/kku ifj’kn~ dh dk;Zokgh rnSo xtV 1915] Hkkx 70 i`’B 503 nsf[k,A 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 19 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 73¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 73¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 2À ¿¼5&dd½ ^ftyk ;kstuk lfefr* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&; ?k ds v/khu xfBr ftyk ;kstuk lfefr ls gS(À1 ¼6½ ^ukyh* ds vUrxZr lhoj] ikbi] [kkbZ] dqY;k ¼pSuy½ ;k dksbZ vU; ;qfDRk gS] tks dwM+k&djdV] lhost vkSj nwf’kr ty ;k o’kkZ&ty ;k voHkwfe ty dks cgk y s tkus ds fy, gks vkSj mlds vUrxZr eSyk ?kj] nqxZxfU/kr ok; q fujks/kd ;a=] gkSnh] gkSt] Qyl Vafd;k rFkk muls vuqyXu vU; fQfVax Hkh gS( ¿¼6&d½ ^foŸk vk;kxs * dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&> øds v/khu xfBrÀ5 foŸk vk;kxs ls gS(À2 ¼7½ fdlh LFkkuh; {ks= ds funs”Z k ea s iz;qDr ^fuoklh* dk rkRi;Z ,sls O;fDr ls gS tks ml {ks= ea s lkekU;r;k fuokl vFkok dkjckj djrk gks ;k ogka ij LFkkoj lEifŸk dk Lokeh ;k v/;klh gks( ¼8½ ^fuokl x`g* ls vUrxZr Hkouks a dk ,slk lewg ;k Hkou ;k fdlh Hkou dk Hkkx gS] ftldk mi;ksx rhFkZ&;kf=;ksa vkSj ;kf=;ks a ds vkokl ds fy, gksrk gS] lfEefyr gS( ¿¼8&d½ ^ekLVj Iyku* dk rkRi;Z ,slh O;kid ;kstuk ls gS] ftlea s fuEufyf[kr dk orZeku rFkk izLrkfor LFky vkSj lkekU; foU;kl fn[kk;k x;k gks& ¼d½ eq[; lM+ds a vkSj ifjogu( ¼[k½ vkoklh; vuqHkkx( ¼x½ O;kikj {ks=( ¼?k½ vkS|ksfxd {ks=( ¼³½ “kSf{kd lLa Fkk,a( ¼p½ lkoZtfud ikdZ] [kys d s eSnku vkSj euksjatu ds vU; LFkku( ¼N½ lkoZtfud rFkk v)Z&lkoZtfud Hkou( rFkk ¼t½ dksbZ vU; LFkku] tks fdlh fofufnZ’V mi;ksx ds fy, gksAÀ9 ¿¼9½ ^uxjikfydk* dk rkRi;Z /kkjk ølafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&r ds [k.M ¼³½ ea s fufnZ’VÀ6 fdlh Lok;Ÿk”kklh laLFkk ls gS( ¼9&d½ ^uxjikfydk {ks=* dk rkRi;Z fdlh uxjikfydk ds izknsf”kd {ks= ls gS ¿***À7 ( 8¿¼9&[k½ ^uxjikfydk ifj’kn~* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&Fk ds [k.M ¼1½ d s mi[k.M ¼[k½ d s v/khu xfBr uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ls gS( ¼9&x½ ^uxj iapk;r* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&; ds [k.M ¼1½ ds mi[k.M ¼d½ d s v/khu xfBr uxj iapk;r ls gS(ÀÀ3 1- m0iz0 vf/kf u;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 73 ¼x½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 73 ¼?k½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 73¼³½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼x½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼?k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 3 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼10½ ^vf/klwpuk* dk rkRi;Z ljdkjh xtV eaas izdkf”kr vf/klwpuk ls gS( ¼11½ ^v/;klh* ds vUrxZr ,slk Lokeh gS] ftldk viuh futh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ij okLrfod v/;klu gks( ¼12½ ^¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dk vf/kdkjh* dk rkRi;Z ,sls O;fDr ls gS] tks rRle; bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu l`ftr ;k pkyw j[kk x;k dksbZ in /kkj.k djrk gks] fdUrq blds vUrxZr bl izdkj øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk ;k mldh lfefr dk dksbZ lnL; u gksxk( ¼13½ ^Lokeh* ds vUrxZr ,slk O;fDr gS] tks rRle; fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkou dk fdjk;k ;k ,sls fdjk; s dk dksbZ Hkkx] pkgs Lo;a vius y[s k s ea s ;k U;klh ds :Ik ea]s ;k fdlh O;fDr ds fy, ;k fdlh /kkfeZd ;k iwrZ iz;kstu ds fy, vfHkdrkZ ds :Ik es a ;k fdlh U;k;ky; ds vkns”k }kjk ;k mlds v/khu fu;qDr izkid ds :Ik ea s izkIr dj jgk gks ;k izkIr djus dk gdnkj gks ;k ;fn mDr Hkwfe ;k Hkou fdlh fdjk;ns kj dks mBk;k x;k gksrk rks mls bl izdkj izkIr djrk gS( ¿¼13&d½ ^iapk;r* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&r ds [k.M ¼p½ ea s fufnZ’V iapk;r ls gS(À2 ¼14½ ^Hkou dk Hkkx* ds vUrxZr dksbZ nhoky] Hkwfexr dejk ;k jkLrk] cjkenk] fLFkj pcwrjk] dqlhZ] thuk ;k nsgyh gS] tks fdlh orZeku Hkou ls layXu gks ;k mlds vgkrs ds Hkhrj gks ;k tks ,slh Hkwfe ij fufeZr gks ;k tks ,slh Hkwfe ij fufeZr gks] tks fdlh izf{kIr Hkou dk LFky ;k vgkrk gksus okyh gks( ¼15½ ^iSVªksfy;e* dk rkRi;Z bf.M;u isVªksfy;e ,sDV] 1899 ess a ;FkkifjHkkf’kr isVksfy;e ls gS( ¿¼16½ ^tula[;k* dk rkRi;Z ,slh vfUre iwoZorhZ tux.kuk ij ;Fkk vfHkfuf”pr~ tula[;k ls gS] ftlds lqlaxr vkadM+ s izdkf”kr gks pqds gks(aÀ3 ¼17½ ¼,d½ ^fofgr* dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e ;k rn~/khu cuh fu;ekoyh }kjk ;k ds v/khu fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer }kjk ;k ds v/khu fofgr ls gS( ¼nks½ ^fofgr vf/kdkjh* dk rkRi;Z ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k fu;fer fudk; ls gS] ftls jkT; ljdkj us bl fufeŸk ljdkjh xtV ea s vf/klpw uk }kjk fu;qDr fd;k gks vkSj ;fn ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k fuxfer fudk; dh fu;qDr u dh tk;] rks vk;Dq r ls gS( ¼18½ ^lkoZtfud LFkku* dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls LFkku ls gS] tks futh lEifŸk u gks vkSj tks turk ds mi;ksx ;k miHkksx ds fy, [kyq k gks pkgs ,slk LFkku ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 e as fufgr gks ;k ugha( ¼19½ ^lkoZtfud lM+d* dk rkRi;Z ,slh lM+d ls gS && ¼d½ tks /kkjk 221 ds mica/k ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk lkoZtfud lM+d ?kksf’kr dh tk;( ;k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 73 ¼p½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 73 ¼N½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 2À ¼[k½ ftls ml Hkwfe ds ftleas lM+d lekfo’V gks] Lokeh dh Li’V ;k foof{kr lEefr ls uxjikfydk ;k vU; yksd fuf/k ls lery fd;k x;k gks] mlea s [kMat fcNk;k x;k gks mls iDdk fd;k x;k gks] mlea s ukfy;ka cuk;h x;h gks( lhoj yxk;k x;k gks ;k mldh ejEer dh x;h gks( ¼20½ ^fofu;e* dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds cuk; s x;s fdlh fofu;e ls gS( ¼21½ ^fu;e* dk rkRi;Z bl vf/kfu;e }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds cuk; s x;s fdlh fu;e ls gS( ¿¼21&d½ in ^vuqlwfpr cSad* dk ogh vFkZ gksxk] tks fjtoZ cSad vkQ bf.M;k ,sDV] 1934 es a ^”ksM~;wYM cSad* d s fy, leuqnsf”kr gS(À8 ¼22½ ^*¿uxjikfydkÀ9 dk lsod** dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls gS] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ9 ls osru izkIr djrk gks vkSj mldh lsok ea s gks( ¿¼22&d½ ^y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&; ds [k.M ¼2½ d s v/khu bl :Ik ea s vf/klfwpr {ks= ls gS(À4 ¿¼22&[k½ ^jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&V øds v/khu xfBrÀ5 jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs ls gS(À1 ¼23½ ^lM+d* dk rkRi;Z fdlh ekxZ] iqy] ixMaMh] xyh] pkSd vkaxu] ladjh xyh ;k jkLrk ls gS] ftlea s turk dks turk ds fdlh Hkkx dks vkus tkus dk vf/kdkj gks vkSj blds vUrxZr mlds nksuks a ik”oZ] ukfy;ka ;k ukcnku vkSj l”kDr lEifŸk dh ifjHkkf’kr lhek rd dh Hkwfe Hkh gS] Hkys gh ,slh Hkwfe ds mij dksbZ cjkenk ;k vU; Åijh <akps dk iz{ksi.k gks( ¿¼23&d½ ^ladze.k”khy {ks=* dk rkRi;Z lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&Fk ds [k.M ¼2½ ds v/khu bl :Ik ea s vf/klfwpr fdlh xzkeh.k {ks= ls uxjh; {ks= ea s ladze.kxr {ks= ls gS(À6 ¼24½ 1935 dk la;qDr izkUr vf/kfu;e la[;k 5&^xkM+h* dk rkRi;Z fdlh ifg;snkj okgu ls gS] ftls lM+d ij iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blds vUrxZr ckbZlkbfdy Vªkbflfdy ;k la;qDr izkUr eksVj xkM+h djk/kku vf/kfu;e] 1935 ea s ;Fkk ifjHkkf’kr eksVj xkM+h gS( ¿¼24&d½ ^d{k lfefr* dk rkRi;Z ølafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&?k ea s fufnZ’VÀ7 d{k lfefr ls gS(À2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 73 ¼t½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 73 ¼¥½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼³½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼p½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼N½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 ¼t½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 9- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 3&3dÀ ¼25½ ^?kjsyw iz;kstuks a ds fy, ty* ds vUrxZr ,slk ty ugha gksxk] tks Ik”kq ;k ?kksM+k ds fy,] vFkok xkfM+;ks a dh /kqykbZ ds fy, gks] tgka mDr Ik”kq] ?kksM+ s ;k xkfM;ka fcdzh ;k fdjk; s ds fy, ;k fdlh Uk;s okf.kfT;d iz;kstu ds fy, ;k yksd okgd }kjk j[k s x;s gks ;k ,slk ty ugha gksxk] tks fdlh O;kikj] fuekZ.k ;k dkjckj ds fy, vFkok Hkou fuekZ.k ds iz;kstu ds fy, vFkok m|ku] tks fdlh vkoklh; edku ls vuqyXu u gks] dh flapkbZ ds fy, ;k QkSCckjks a ds fy, ;k fdlh vyda kfjd iz;kstu ds fy, gks( ¼26½ ^tydy* ds vUrxZr ,slh lHkh >hysa] Vafd;ka] lfjrk] gkSt] lksrs] iEi dq,a] tyk”k;] tylsrq] ugj] tydikV] eq[; uy] ikbi] iqfy;ks]a batu] cEck] [kM+k uy] tyokgd uy vkSj lHkh] e”khujh] Hkwfe] Hkou] iqy vkSj oLrq, gS] tks ty&lEHkj.k ds fy, gks vFkok ty lEHkj.k ds fy, iz;qDr gksrh gks( ¼27½ tgka fdlh O;fDr ls dksbZ dk; Z djus ;k dksbZ vU; dk; Z djus dh vis{kk djus ds fy, afdlh izkf/kdkjh dks dksbZ “kfDr iznŸk fd;k tkuk vfHkO;fDr gks] ogka mDr izkf/kdkjh] Lofoosdkuqlkj] ml O;fDr ls nksuka s ea s ls dksbZ ,d dk; Z djus dh ;k ;fn ,sls s dk; Z dh izd`fr vuqKk ns rks nksuks a gh dk; Z djus dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS ;k ml O;fDr dks] ,sls fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks ftls og ilUn djs] djus dk fodYi ns ldrk gSA v/;k; 2 uxjikfydk dk xBu vkSj “kklu ø3&& ¿¼1½ lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&Fk ds [k.M ¼2½ ds v/khu jkT;iky }kjk ladze.k”khy {ks= vkSj vf/klpw uk ea s fofufnZ’V dksbZ {ks=] ftldh lhek;as mlea s fofufnZ’V gks] ;FkkfLFkfr] ladze.k”khy y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= dh ?kks’k.kk bR;kfn {ks= ;k y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= gksxkA ¼2½ jkT;iky] lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&Fk ds [k.M ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh Ik”Pkkr~orhZ vf/klpw uk }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ eas] ;FkkfLFkfr fufnZ’V fdlh ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= ea s ls fdlh {ks= dks lfEefyr dj ldrs gSa ;k mlea s ls fdlh {ks= dks fudky ldrs gSaAÀ3 ø¼3½ ømi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ea s fufnZ’V vf/klpw uk,aÀ4 bl “krZ ds v/khu gksxh fd ,slh vf/klpw uk /kkjk 9 }kjk visf{kr iwoZ izdk”ku ds Ik”pkr~ tkjh dh tk, vkSj bl /kkjk ea s fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ,sls fdlh {ks= dks] tks dksbZ Nkouh gks vFkok fdlh Nkouh dk Hkkx gks] bl /kkjk ds v/khu ladze.k”khy {ks=s vFkok y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= ?kksf’kr ugha fd;k tk;xs k vkSj u mles lfEefyr fd;k tk;sxkAÀ1 ¿3&d&& ¼1½ lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&Fk ds [k.M ¼1½ ds v/khu vkSj mlds Hkkx izR;sd ladze.k”khy {ks= 9&d ds vuqlkj && vkSj y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= ds fy, uxjikfydk ¼d½ izR;sd ladze.k”khy {ks= ds fy, xfBr uxjikfydk dks uxj iapk;r ds :Ik ea s tkuk tk;xs k( ¼[k½ izR;sd y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= ds fy, xfBr uxjikfydk ds uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ds :Ik ea s tkuk tk;xs kAÀ5 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 74 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 34 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 35 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 3d&3 [kÀ ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu xfBr izR;sd uxj iapk;r vFkok uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ,d fuxfer fudk; gksxhA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh && ¼d½ izR;sd uxjikfydk] tks mŸkj izns”k uxj Lok;Ÿk ”kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds Bhd iwoZ fo|eku Fkh] ¿,sls izkjEHk ls vkSj mDr vf/kfu;e }kjk ;Fkkla”kksf/kr bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu Ukxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ds igyh ckj xfBr gksus rdÀ3 bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ le>k tk;xs k( ¼[k½ /kkjk 338 ds v/khu xfBr izR;sd uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVh vFkok la;qDr izkUr Vkmu ,fj;k ,sDV] 1914 ds v/khu xfBr izR;sd Vkmu ,fj;k desVh] tks fd [k.M ¼d½ es a fufnZ’V vf/kfu;e ds Bhd iwoZ FkhA ¿,sls izkjEHk ls vkSj [k.M ¼d½ es a fufnZ’V vf/kfu;e }kjk ;Fkkla”kksf/kr bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu uxj iapk;r ds igyh ckj xfBr gksus rdÀ4 bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu uxj iapk;r le>h tk;xs hAÀ1 1¿3&[k&& ¼1½ rhu yk[k ;k mlls vf/kd tula[;k okyh uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ds d{k lfefr;ks a dk xBu izknsf”kd {ks= ds Hkhrj lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 243&c ds [k.M ¼1½ ds v/khu xfBr izR;sd d{k vkSj lajpuk lfefr ea s ikap d{k gksxa sA ¼2½ fdlh d{k lfefr dk izknsf”kd {ks=] ml lfefr ea s lekfo’V d{kks a ds izknsf”kd {ks= ls feydj cusxkA ¼3½ izR;sd d{k lfefr ea s fuEufyf[kr gksxa s && ¼d½ d{k lfefr ds izknsf”kd {ks= ds Hkhrj d{kks a dk izfrfuf/kRo djus okys uxjikfydk ifj’kn ds lHkh lnL;( ¼[k½ rhu ea s vuf/kd ,sls vU; lnL;] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk lEc) d{k lfefr ds izknsf”kd {ks= ds Hkhrj fuokZpdks a ds :Ik es a jftLVhdr` O;fDr;ks a ea s ls ftUgas uxjikfydk iz”kklu dk fo”ks’k Kku vkSj vuqHko gks] uke&fufnZ’V fd, tk;asxsA ¼4½ d{k lfefr vius xBu ds Ik”pkr~ viuh izFke cSBd ea s vkSj izR;sd mŸkjorhZ o’kZ ea s mlh ekl ea s viuh izFke cSBd ea s mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ea s mfYyf[kr lnL;ks a ea s ls ,d ds ml lfefr ds v/;{k ds :Ik es a fuokZfpr djsxhA ¼5½ v/;{k ds in dk dk;dZ ky ,d o’kZ gksxk] fdUrq og viuk mŸkjkf/kdkjh pqus tkus rd in /kkj.k djsxk vkSj iqufuZokpu ds fy, ik= gksxkA ¼6½ uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dk lnL; jg tkus ij v/;{k rqjUr viuk in fjDr dj nsxkA ¼7½ v/;{k ds in dh mldh inkof/k ds lekIr gkus s ds iwoZ R;kx&i= ;k vU;Fkk fdlh dkj.k ls fjDr gks tkus dh n”kk ea s d{k lfefr] fjDr gksus ds Ik”pkr~ ;Fkk”kD;“kh?kz] mi/kkjk ¼4½ d s vuqlkj u;s v/;{k dk fuokZpu djsxh % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 74 }kjk c<k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 35 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 35 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 4&7À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl izdkj fuokZfpr v/;{k dsoy ml vo”ks’k vof/k ds fy, in /kkj.k djsxk ftlds fy, og O;fDr] ftlds LFkku ij mls fuokZfpr fd;k x;k gS] ;g /kkj.k djsxk] ftlds fy, og O;fDr] ftlds LFkku ij mls fuokZfpr fd;k x;k gS] in /kkj.k djrk ;fn ,slh fjfDr u gqbZ gksrhA ¼8½ d{k lfefr dk dk;dZ ky uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dh vof/k ds lkFk lekIr gksxkA ¼9½ bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, d{k lfefr ,slh “kfDr;ks a dk iz;ksx vkSj ,sls dR` ;ks a dk fuoZgu djsxh] tks fu;eks a }kjk fofgr fd, tk,aAÀ5 4&& ¼1½ ø/kkjk 3 ea s fufnZ’VÀ+6 vf/klpw uk tkjh gksus ds iwoZ] øjkT;ikyÀ1 ljdkjh vf/klwpuk tkjh djus dh xtV ea s vkSj lkoZtfud uksfVl ds izdk”ku ds iz;kstukFkZ mlds }kjk vuqeksfnr ,sls izkjfEHkd izfdz;k lekpkj&i= ea s tks ml fty s ea s izdkf”kr gksrk gks vFkok fty s eas ;fn ,slk lekpkj&i= u gks rks ml fMohtu ea s ftles a vf/klpw uk ds vUrxZr vkus okyk LFkkuh; {ks= fLFkr gks] izdkf”kr gksus okys lekpkj&i= ea]s izLrkfor vf/klwpuk dh fgUnh izk:Ik ,sls uksfVl ds lkFk izdkf”kr djsxh] ftles a ;g of.kZr gksxk fd mDr izk:Ik ij ml vof/k dh lekfIr ij tSlk mDr uksfVl es a mfYyf[kr gks] fopkj fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mls ftyk eftLVªsV ds dk;kyZ ; ea s rFkk lEcfU/kr LFkkuh; {ks= ds Hkhrj ;k mlls vklUu ,d ;k vf/kd izeq[k LFkkuks a ea]s fpidok nsxh( vkSj ¼2½ øjkT;ikyÀ1 vf/klpw uk tkjh djus ds iwoZ fdlh ,slh fyf[kr vkifŸk ;k lq>ko ij fopkj djsxk] tks mls fdlh O;fDr ls mDr izk:Ik ds lEcU/k ea]s foof.kZr vof/k ds Hkhrj izkIr gksA 5&& øtc /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ea s fufnZ’V vf/klwpuk }kjk jkT;iky fdlh {ks= ¿ladze.k”khy {ks= vFkok dks fdlh ¿ladze.k”khy {ks= vFkok y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks=À2 ea s lfEefyr djsÀ7 rks og {ks= y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks=À2 ea s fdlh {ks= dks lfEefyr ,rn~}kjk mu lHkh vf/klwpukvks]a fu;eks]a fofu;eks]a mifof/k;kas] vkns”kks a vkSj funs”kks a ds v/khu djus dk izHkko tk fd, x, ;k cuk, x, gks a vkSj tks mDr {ks= dks lfEefyr djus ds rqjUr iwoZ lEiw.kZ øladze.k”khy {ks= vFkok y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks=À2 ea s izo`Ÿk jgs gksAa 6&& ø***À3 7&& ¼1½ izR;sd uxjikfydk dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og ¿uxjikfydk {ks= ds uxjikfydk cksMZ ds HkhrjÀ8 fuEufyf[kr O;oLFkk djs && drZO; ¼d½ lkoZtfud lM+dks a vkSj LFkkuks a ij jks”kuh( ¼[k½ lkoZtfud lM+dkas vkSj LFkkuks a ij ikuh( ø¼[k[k½ uxjikfydk dh lhek dk los{Z k.k djuk vkSj lhek fpUg yxkuk(À9 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 75 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;DqZ r dh /kkjk 76 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 77 }kjk feVk;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 36 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 37 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 38 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 39 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 7À ¼x½ lkoZtfud lM+dks]a LFkkuks a vkSj ukfy;ks a dh lQkbZ djuk] gkfudj ouLifr dks gVkuk vkSj leLr yksd U;lw asl dk mi”keu djuk( ¼?k½ larkidkjh] [krjukd ;k vkifŸktud O;kikj] vkthfodk ;k izFkk dk fofu;eu djuk( ø¼?k?k½ vkokjks a dqŸkks a rFkk [krjukd Ik”kqvks a dks ifj:) djuk] gVkuk ;k u’V djuk(À1 ¼³½ yksd lqj{kk] LokLF; lqfo/kk ds vk/kkj ij lM+dksa ;k lkoZtfud LFkkuks a ea s vokaNuh; vojks/k vkSj iz{ksi gVkuk( ¼p½ [krjukd Hkouks a ;k LFkkuks a dks ljq f{kr cukuk ;k gVkuk( ¼N½ e`rdks a ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, LFkku vftZr] vujqf{kr] ifjofrZr vkSj fofu;fer vnkokdr` “koks a ds iqfyl ls fyf[kr :Ik ea s ;g vfHkfuf”pr djus ds Ik”pkr~ fd ,slk djus ea s dksbZ vkifŸk ugha gS] fuLrkj.k dk izcU/k djuk( ¼t½ lkoZtfud lM+dks]a iqfy;ks]a cktkjksa] o/k”kkykvks]a “kkSpky;ksa] laMklkas] ew=ky;ks]a ukfy;ks]a tyksRlkj.k fuekZ.kdk;ksZ a rFkk lhoj O;oLFkk lEcU/kh fuekZ.k dk;kZas dk fuekZ.k] ifjorZu vkSj vuqj{k.k djuk( ø¼tt½ ?kjsyw] vkS|ksfxd vkSj okf.kfT;d iz;kstuks a ds fy, tyiwfrZ miyC/k djkuk(À2 ¼>½ lM+d ds fdukjs rFkk vU; lkoZtfud LFkkuks a ea s o`{k yxkuk vkSj mudk vuqj{k.k djuk( ¼¥½ ,sls LFkkukas eas] tgka orZeku ty laHkj.k ds vi;kZIr ;k vLokLF;izn gksus ls ogka ds fuokfl;ks a ds LokLF; dks ladV gks] “kq) vkSj LokLF;izn ty ds Ik;kZIr laHkj.k dh O;oLFkk djuk] euq’;ks a ds miHkksx ds fy, iz;qDr gksus okys ty dks iznwf’kr gksus ls cpkuk vkSj iznwf’kr ty d s ,sls mi;ksx dks jkds uk( ¿¼¥¥½ ty lHkj.k ds fdlh vU; lzksr ds vfrfjDr] lkoZtfud dqvks a dks ;fn dksbZ gks] Bhd gkyr es a j[kuk] muds ty dks iznwf’kr gksus ls cpkjk vkSj mls euq’;ks a ds mi;ksx ds ;kXs ; cuk; s j[kuk(À1 ¼V½ tUe vkSj ej.k dk jftLVªhdj.k( ¼B½ lkoZtfud Vhdk yxkus dh iz.kkyh dh LFkkiuk vkSj mldk vuqj{k.k ;k mUgas lgk;rk iznku djuk( ¼M½ lkoZtfud fpfdRlky;ks a vkSj vkS’k/kky;ks a dh LFkkiuk] mudk vuqj{k.k ;k mudh lgk;rk djuk vkSj lkoZtfud fpfdRlk lEcU/kh lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¿¼MM½ izlwfr dsUnzks]a f”k”kq dY;k.k vkSj tUe fu;a=.k Dyhfudks a dh LFkkiuk] vuqj{k.k vkSj lgk;rk djuk vkSj tula[;k fu;a=.k] ifjokj dY;k.k vkSj NksVs ifjokj ds eku dk lao)Zu djuk(À3 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 78 ¼d½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 78 ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 8À ¼<½ Ik”kq fpfdRlky;ks a dk vuqj{k.k djuk ;k vuqj{k.k gsrq mUgas lgk;rk iznku djuk( ¿¼<<½ “kkjhfjd lao/kZu dh laLFkkvks a dh LFkkiuk vkSj mldk vuqj{k.k ;k mUgas lgk;rk iznku djuk(À1 ¼.k½ izkFkfed Ldwykas dh LFkkiuk vkSj mudk vuqj{k.k djuk( ¼r½ vkx cq>kus ea s lgk;rk nsuk vkSj vkx yxus ij thou rFkk lEifŸk dh j{kk djuk( ¼Fk½ cksMZ ea s fufgr ;k mlds izcU/k ea s lkSaih xbZ lEifŸk dh lqj{kk djuk] mldk vuqj{k.k vkSj fodkl djuk( ø¼FkFk½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dh foŸk dks larks’kizn fLFkfr ea s cuk, j[kuk vkSj mlds nkf;Roks a dks iwjk djuk(À1 ¼n½ “kkldh; i=ks a ij rRdky /;ku nsuk vkSj foojf.k;ka] fooj.k vkSj fjiksVZ rS;kj djuk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ls izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djs( vkSj ¼/k½ fof/k }kjk ml ij vf/kjksfir fdlh ck/;rk dh iwfrZ djuk( ¿¼u½ peZ”kks/ku “kkykvks a dks fofu;fer djuk( ¼i½ ikfdaZx LFky] cl LVki vkSj tu lqfo/kkvks a dk fuekZ.k vkSj vuqj{k.k djuk( ¼Q½ uxjh; okfudh vkSj ikfjLFkfrdh igqyvks a dh vfHko`f) vkSj Ik;kZoj.k dk laj{k.k djuk( ¼c½ lekt ds nqcZy oxksaZ ds ftuds vUrxZRk fodykax vkSj ekufld :Ik ls eUn O;fDRk gSa] fgrks a dk laj{k.k djuk( ¼Hk½ lkaLd`frd] “kS{kf.kd vkSj lkSan;Zijd igyqvks a dh vfHko`f) djuk( ¼e½ dkath gkÅl] dk fuekZ.k vkSj vuqj{k.k djuk vkSj Ik”kqvks a ds izfr dzwjrk dk fuokj.k djuk( ¼;½ xUnh&cLrh lq/kkj vkSj mUu;u( ¼;&d½ uxjh; fu/kZurk de djuk( ¼;&[k½ uxjh; lq[k&lqfo/kkvks a vkSj lqfo/kkvks]a tSls fd ikd]Z m|ku vkSj [kys d s eSnkuks a dh O;oLFkk djukAÀ3 ¿***À 8&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lhekvks a ds Hkhrj vkSj fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh Lohdf`r ls øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds oSosfdd ,slh lhekvks a ds ckgj] fuEufyf[kr ds fy, O;oLFkk dj ldrk gS %& d`R; 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 78 ¼x½ }kjk c<k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 8À ¼d½ mu {ks=ks a e]as ftuea s pkgs igy s ds fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gks ;k ugha uohu lkoZtfud lM+dks a dk foU;kl vkSj bl iz;kstu ds fy, rFkk Hkouks a vkSj muds vgkrks a ds fuekZrkvks a ds fy, tks ,slh lMdks a ls lalDr gks] Hkwfe vftZr djuk( ø¼dd½ ekLVj Iyku rS;kj djuk vkSj mls fu’ikfnr djuk(À1 ¼[k½ ø***À3 iqLrdky;] laxzgky;] okpuky;] jsfM;ks laxzkgksa dsUnz dq’BkJe] vukFkky;] f”k”kq lnu vkSj efgyk m}kj&x`g] ikxy[kkuk gky] dk;kZy; /keZ”kkyk] foJke&x`g] nqX/k”kkyk] Lukukxkj] Luku&?kkV] /kksfc;ks a ds /kqykbZ&LFky] ihus ds ikuh dk lzksr ¼fMfdax QkmaVsu½ rkykc] dqvka] cka/k rFkk vU; yksdksi;ksx fuekZ.k dk;kZas dk fuekZ.k] mudh LFkkiuk rFkk mudk vuqj{k.k ea s va”knku nsuk( ¼x½ ø***À1 ¼?k½ izkFkfed Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj muds vuqj{k.k ls fHkUu mik;kas }kjk “kSf{kd mn~ns”;ks a dk izlkj djuk( ¼³½ tux.kuk djuk vkSj ,slh lwpuk ds fy, buke nsuk] ftlls tUe&ej.k ds vkadMks a dk lgh jftLVªhdj.k lqfuf”pr gks lds( ø¼³³½ ,slh lwpuk ds fy, buke nsuk] ftlls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kjksfir dj ds viopZu dk ;k uxjikfydk eas fufgr ;k mlds izcU/k ;k fu;a=.k ea s lkSaih xbZ lEifŸk dks gkfu igqapkus ;k ml ij vf/kdez .k djus dk irk yxs(À2 ¼p½ ø***À1 ¼N½ LFkkuh; foifŸk iM+us ij lgk;rk dk;kZas dh LFkkiuk vkSj mudk vuqj{k.k djds ;k vU; izdkj ls lgk;rk djuk( ¼t½ ø***À1 ¼>½ /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ^N* ds mi”kh’kZd ¼d½ ds v/khu mfYyf[kr fdlh O;kikj ;k fuekZ.k ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, mi;qDRk LFkku izkIr djuk ;k izkIr djus ea s lgk;rk nsuk( ¼¥½ lhost ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, QkeZ ;k dkj[kkuk LFkkfir djuk vkSj mldk vuqj{k.k djuk( ¿¼¥¥½ fo’Bk vkSj dwM+k&djdV ls dEiksLV [kkn rS;kj djus ds fy, izcU/k djuk(À2 ¼V½ Vªke ekxZ] jsy iFk ;k lapkyu ds vU; lk/kuks a vkSj fctyh ;k xSl dh jks”kuh ;k fo|qr ;k xSl ds “kfDr ladze dk fuekZ.k djuk] mUgas lgk;rk nsuk ;k mUkdks izR;kHkwfr nsuk( ø¼VV½ Ik;VZ d ;krk;kr dh vfHko`f) djuk( ¼B½ esys vkSj izn”kZfu;ka yxkuk( ¼BB½ x`g vkSj uxj fu;kstu ;kstuk,a rS;kj djuk vkSj mudk fu’iknu( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfir rFkk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 79¼d½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 11 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ7 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 8d&9À ¼BBB½ O;kikj vkSj m|ksx dh vfHko`f) ds fy, mik; djuk( ¼BBBB½ nqX/k laHkj.k( ¼BBBBB½ vius deZpkfj;ks a ds fy, Je dY;k.k dsUnz LFkkfir djuk vkSj ,sls deZpkfj;ks a ds fdlh ,lksfl;s”ku la?k ;k Dyc dh lkekU; mUufr ds fy, vuqnku vFkok _.k nsdj mlds dk;Zdykiks a ea s lgk;rk nsuk( ¼BBBBBB½ uxjikfydk la?kksa dks lxa fBr djuk vkSj mUgsa va”knku nsuk(À1 ¼M½ /kkjk 7 ea s ;k bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/kks a ea s fofufnZ’V mik;ks a ls fHkUu ,sls mik; djuk] ftuls yksd lqj{kk] LokLF; ;k lqfo/kk ea s vfHko`f) gksus dh laHkkouk gks( vkSj ø¼MM½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks a rFkk fiNM+ s oxksaZ dh lkekftd fu;ksXZ ;rkvks a dh ,slh jhfr ls nwj djkuk] tks fofgr dh tk,À3 ¿¼MMM½ fHk{kk&o`fŸk ij fu;a=.k ds fy, mik; djuk(À1 ¼<½ dksbZ ,slk dk; Z djuk] ftlds lEcU/k ea s O;; jkT; ljdkj }kjk ;k øuxjikfydk }kjkÀ4 fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh Lohdf`r ls] uxjikfydk fuf/k ij leqfpr izHkkj ?kksf’kr fd;k tk; % ijUrq ;g fd jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV ea s vf/klpw uk }kjk fdlh uxjikfydk ;k leLr uxjikfydkvks a ds lEcU/k eas ;g ?kks’k.kk dj ldrh gS fd bl /kkjk ea s mfYyf[kr dksbZ Hkh d`R; lEc) uxjikfydk ;k uxjikfydk dk drZO; gksxk vkSj rnqijkUr bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k ml ij ykxw gksxa s ekuks a og /kkjk 7 }kjk vf/kjksfir dksbZ drZO; gksA ¼2½ uxjikfydk] uxjikfydk dh lhekvks a ls ijs fdlh uxjikfydk midze dh izlqfo/kkvks a ds foLrkj ds fy, O;oLFkk dj ldrk gS % ijUrq ;g fd fdlh ,sls LFkkuh; {ks= ea]s ftlesa fdlh Nkouh dk lEiw.kZ ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx lekfo’V rFkk vUrfoZ’V gks] ty lEHkj.k ds fy, fdlh uxjikfydk midze dh izlqfo/kkvks a ds foLrkj ds fy, dsUnzh; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk] dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha dh tk;xs hA ¼3½ ø***À2 8&d&& ø***À5 6¿9&& fdlh uxjikfydk ea s ,d v/;{k vkSj && uxjikfydk dh lajpuk ¿¼d½ fuokZfpr lnL;] ftudh la[;k 4 ls de vkSj 45 ls vf/kd ugha gksxh] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj ljdkjh xtV ea s vf/klwpuk }kjk fofufnZ’V djs(À8 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 07 o’kZ 1949 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk fudkyk rFkk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 79¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 80 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 81 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 12 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 9&dÀ ¼[k½ insu lnL;] ftlea s yksdlHkk vkSj jkT; fo/kku lHkk ds ,sls leLr lnL; lfEefyr gS] tks mu fuopZu {ks=ks a dk izfuf/kRo djrs gSa] ftlea s iw.kZr% ;k Hkkxr% uxjikfydk {ks= lekfo’V gS( ¼x½ insu lnL;] ftlea s jkT; lHkk vkSj jkT; fo/kku ifj’kn~ ds ,sls leLr lnL; lfEefyr gS] tks uxjikfydk {ks= ds Hkhrj fuokZpdks a ds :Ik ea s jftLVhdr` gS( ¿¼?k½ uke&fufnZ’V lnL;] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk] ljdkjh xtV ea s foKfIr }kjk] uxjikfydk iz”kklu ea s fo”ks’k Kku ;k vuqHko j[kus okys O;fDRk;kas es a ls ukfer fd;s tk;sxa s vkSj ftudh la[;k && ¼,d½ uxj iapk;r dh n”kk ea]s nks l s de vkSj lkr ls vf/kd ugha gksxh( ¼nks½ uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dh n”kk ea s rhu ls de vkSj ukS ls vf/kd ugha gkxs h( ijUrq ;g fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk uke fufnZ’V fd;s tkus okys lnL;ks a es a fuEu oxZ dks vfuok;Z :i ls izfrfuf/kRo iznku fd;k tk;sxk& ¼1½ vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr] ¼2½ efgyk] ¼3½ vU; fiNMk+ oxZ] ¼4½ vYila[;d leqnk;AÀ8 ¼³½ /kkjk 104 ds v/khu LFkkfir lfefr;ks a ds v/;{k] ;fn LFkkbZ gks]a ;fn os fdUgha iwoZxkeh [k.Mks a ds v/khu lnL; u gks a % izfrca/k ;g gS fd [k.M ¼?k½ ea s fufnZ’V O;fDr;ks a dks uxjikfydk dh cSBdks a ea s er nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxk % fdUrq vxzsŸkj izfrca/k ;g gS fd [k.M ¼d½ ls ¼³½ eas fufnZ’V Js.kh ds lnL;ks a ea s fdlh fjDr ls fdlh uxjikfydk ds xBu ;k iquxZBu ea s dksbZ ck/kk ugha iM+xs hAÀ1 ¿9&d&& ¼1½ izR;sd uxjikfydk ea s LFkku øvuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks a vkSj LFkkuks a dk vkj{k.k fiNM+ s oxksaZÀ3 ds fy, vkj{k.k fd, tk;sxa s vkSj bl izdkj vkjf{kr LFkkuks a ds la[;k ml uxjikfydk ea s lh/ks fuokZpu }kjk Hkjs tkus okys LFkkuks a dh dqy la[;k ds mlh vuqikr ea s gksxh] tSlh fd uxjikfydk {ks= eas vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks a dh ¿;k uxjikfydk {ks= es a fiNM+ s oxksZa dhÀ4 tula[;k dk vuqikr ml {ks= dh dqy tula[;k ea s gks vkSj ,sls LFkku fdlh uxjikfydk ea s fofHkUu d{kks a dks pdzkuqdze }kjk ,sls dze ea]s tSlk fu;eks a }kjk fofgr fd;k tk,] vkoafVr fd;s tk ldsxa s % øizfrcU/k ;g gS fd uxjikfydk ea s fiNM+ s oxksaZ ds fy, vkj{k.k dqy LFkkuks a dh la[;k ds ¿pkSngÀ7 izfr”kr ls vf/kd ugha gksxk % vxzsŸkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn fiNM+ s oxksaZ dh tula[;k ds vkadMs miyC/k u gks rks fu;eks a }kjk fofgr jhfr ls los{Z k.k djds mudh tula[;k vo/kkfjr dh tk ldrh gSAÀ5 ¼2½ ø *** À6 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 81 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40 ¼d½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40 ¼d½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40 ¼d½ ¼rhu½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 7- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 09 o’kZ 2014 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 13 ¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 10&10dÀ ¼3½ ømi/kkjk 1À5 ds v/khu vkjf{kr LFkkuks a ds dqy la[;k ds ,d frgkbZ ls vU;uw LFkku ;FkkfLFkfr] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks a vkSj fiNM+ s oxkZa s dh fL=;ks a ds fy, vkjf{kr fd;s tk;sxa sA ¼4½ fdlh uxjikfydk eas LFkkuks a dh dqy la[;k mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu vkjf{kr LFkkuks a dks lfEefyr djrs gq,] ds ,d frgkbZ ls vU;uw LFkku fL=;ks a ds fy, vkjf{kr fd, tk;asxs vkSj ,sls LFkku fdlh uxjikfydk eas fofHkUu d{kks a dks pdzkuqdze }kjk] ,sls dze ea]s tSlk fu;eks a }kjk fofgr fd;k tk;]s vkoafVr fd, tk ldsxa sA ¼5½ jkT; es a uxjikfydkvks a ds v/;{k ¿,oa mik/;{kÀ6 ds in vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa] fiNM+ s oxkZa s vkSj fL=;ks a ds fy, ,slh jhfr eas vkjf{kr fd, tk;asxs] tks fu;eks a }kjk fofgr dh tk; % ¿ijUrq ;g fd ;fn fdlh uxj fuxe ds uxj izeq[k dk in vkjf{kr gks rks ml uxj fuxe ds mi uxj izeq[k dk in vkjf{kr ugha gksxkAÀ7 ¼6½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu LFkkuks a vkSj v/;{kks a ds inks a dk vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks a vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks a ds fy, vkj{k.k lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 334 ea s fofufnZ’V vof/k dh lekfIr ij izHkko ea s ugha jg tk;xs kA Li’Vhdj.k&& ;g Li’V fd;k tkrk gS fd bl /kkjk dh dksbZ Hkh ckr vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks]a fiNMs oxksa Z ds O;fDr;ks a vkSj fL=;ksa dks vukjf{kr LFkkuks a ;k inks a ds fy, pquko yM+us ls fuokfjr ugha djsxhAÀ1 10&& ø***À2 ¿10&d&& ¼1½ izR;sd uxjikfydk] tc rd fd /kkjk 30 ds v/khu igys gh Ukxjikfydk dk dk;Zdky fo?kfVr u dj nh tk;]s mldh igyh cSBd ds fy, fu;r fnukad ls iakp o’kZ rd] u fd mlls vf/kd cuh jgsxhA ¼2½ fdlh uxjikfydk dks xfBr djus d s fy, fuokZpu&& ¼d½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s fofufnZ’V dk;dZ ky dh lekfIr ds iwoZ( ;k ¼[k½ mlds fo?kfVr gksus ds fnukad ls N% ekg dh vof/k ds lekfIr ds iwoZ iwjk fd;k tk;xs k % fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka “ks’k vof/k ftlds fy, fo?kfVr uxjikfydk cuh jgrh gS] N% ekl ls de gS] ogka ,slh vof/k ds fy, uxjikfydk xfBr djus d s fy, bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ fuokZpu djuk vko”;d ugha gksxkA ¼3½ fdlh uxjikfydk ds volku ds iwoZ mlds fo?kVu ij xfBr uxjikfydk dsoy ml “ks’k vof/k ds fy, cuh jgsxh] ftlds fy, bl izdkj fo?kfVr uxjikfydk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ml n”kk ea s cuh jgsxh] ;fn mls fo?kfVr ugha fd;k x;k gksrkAÀ3 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 81 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 82 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 83 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 40¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3 o’kZ 1996 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 3¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 ¼[k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 14 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 11[k&12[kÀ ¿¼4½ bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k es a vUrfoZ’V fdlh ckr ds izfrdwy gksrs gq, Hkh] tgka vifjgk;Z ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds dkj.k vFkok tufgr es a fdlh uxjikfydk dk] mlds dk;dZ ky dh lekfIr ls iwoZ] xBu gsrq fuokZpu djk;k tkuk O;ogkfjd u gks] ogka ,slh uxjikfydk ifj’kn~@uxj iapk;r ds fof/kor~ xfBr gksus rd] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ @uxj iapk;r dh leLr “kfDr;ks]a d`R;ks a ,oa drZO;ks a dk iz;ksx ,oa dk;kUZ o;u] ftyk eftLVªsV ;k ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk bl fufeÙk fu;qDr ,sls jktif=r vf/kdkjh] tks mi ftykf/kdkjh ds Lrj ls uhps dk u gks] }kjk fd;k tk;sxk rFk ,slk ftyk eftLVªsV vFkok vf/kdkjh] ^iz”kkld* dgyk;sxk vkSj ,sls iz”kkld dks fof/kd :Ik es a uxjikfydk ifj’kn~@uxj iapk;r] v/;{k ;k lfefr] tSlk Hkh volj ds vuqlkj visf{kr gks] le>k tk;xs k % fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu fu;qDr iz”kkld ds dk;dZ ky dh vof/k N% ekl ;k u;s cksMZ ds xBu rd] tks Hkh igy s gks] ls vf/kd ugha gksxhAÀ8 10&dd&& ¿***À9 11&& ø***À1 ¿11&d&& ¼1½ fdlh uxjikfydk ds lnL;ks a ds fuokZpu ds iz;kstukFkZ izR;sd d{kks a dk ifjlheu uxjikfydk {ks= dks izknsf”kd fuokZpu {ks=ks a ea]s ftUgas d{k dgk tk;xs k] ,slh jhfr ea s foHkkftr fd;k tk;xs k fd tgka rd lEHko gks lds] izR;sd d{k dh tula[;k lEiw.kZ uxjikfydk {ks= ea s ,d leku gksA ¼2½ uxjikfydk ea s izR;sd d{k dk izfrfuf/kRo ,d lnL; }kjk fd;k tk;xs k %À2 11&[k&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] vkns”k }kjk fuEufyf[kr dk vo/kkj.k djsxh && Ikfjlheu vkns”k ¿¼d½ d{kks a dh la[;k] ftuea s izR;sd uxjikfydk cksMZ ds fuokZpu ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, foHkkftr fd;k tk;xs k(À3 ¼[k½ izR;sd d{k dk foLrkj( ¼x½ ø***À4 ¿¼?k½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks]a fiNM+ s oxksaZ vkSj fL=;ksa ds fy, vkjf{kr fd;s tkus okys LFkkuks a dh la[;k(À5 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds vkns”k dk izk:Ik ¿de ls de lkr fnu dh vof/k ds fy, izdkf”kr fd;k tk;xs k AÀ7 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 84 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 85 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 86 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 86 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 86 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 41 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 03 o’kZ 2008 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 3 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 15 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 11[k&12[kÀ ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu izLrqr dh xbZ vkifŸk;ks a ¿***aÀ5 ij fopkj djsxh vkSj vkns”k dk izk:Ik ;fn vko”;d gks] rn~uqlkj la”kksf/kr] ifjofrZr ;k mikUrfjr fd;k tk;xs k vkSj rnqijkUr og vfUre gks tk;sxkA 11&x&& ø¼1½À6 jkT; ljdkj lEcfU/kr øuxjikfydkÀ3 ls ijke”kZ djus ds Ik”pkr~ Ikfjlheu vkns”k dk ,d Ik”pkr~orhZ vkns”k }kjk 11&[k dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k dks ifjofrZr la”kks/ku ;k la”kksf/kr dj ldsxhA ¿¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s v/khu fdlh vkns”k ds ifjorZu ;k la”kks/ku ds fy, /kkjk 11&[k dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ ds micU/k vko”;d ifjorZuks a lfgr ykxw gkasxsAÀ6 12&& ø***À1 fuokZpd ukekoyh ø12&d && fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds lnL; bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj lnL;ks a dk fuokZpu o;Ld erkf/kdkj ds vk/kkj ij fuokZfpr fd;s tk;sxa sA 12&[k&& ¼1½ izR;sd d{k ds fy, ,d fuokZpd ukekoyh gksxh] tks jkT; fuokZpu izR;sd d{k ds fy, vk;kxs ds v/kh{k.k] funs”ku vkSj fu;a=.k ds v/khu bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj dh tk;xs hA ø¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu jgrs gq, izR;sd d{k ds fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkkuh; fudk;½ ds Ik;Zos{k.k ds v/khu fuokZpd jftLVªhdj.k ds fu;eks a }kjk fofgr jhfr ls rS;kj vkSj izdkf”kr dh tk;xs hA ¼2&d½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds fufnZ’V eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkkuh; fudk;½ vkSj fuokZpd jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh jkT; ljdkj ds ,sls vf/kdkjh gksxa s] tSlk jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs ] jkT; ljdkj ds ijke”kZ ls] bl fufeŸk uke&fufnZ’V ;k inkfHkfgr djsA ¼2&[k½ fuokZpd ukekoyh ds izdk”ku ij ;g] bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu fd, x, fdlh ifjorZu] ifjo/kZu ;k mikUrj ds v/khu jgrs gq,] bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj d{k ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ fuokZpd ukekoyh gksxhAÀ7 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk fujflrA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 25 o’kZ 1983 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 41 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 42 }kjk iqulZa[;kafdr rFkk c<+k;k x;kA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 43 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 16 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 12xÀ ¼3½ bl vf/kfu;e ea s nh xbZ fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh øfuokZpd jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjhÀ4 fdlh d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, rRle; izo`Ÿk yksd izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e] 1950 ds v/khu fo/kku lHkk fuokZpu {ks= ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ fuokZpd ukekoyh dks øjkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx ds funs”Z kkuqlkjÀ5 viuk ldrk gS] tgka rd mldk lEcU/k bl d{k ds {ks= ls gks % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls d{k ds fy, fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s ,sls d{k ds fuokZpu ds fy, uke&funs”Z ku ds vfUre fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ vkSj ml fuokZpu ds iw.kZ gksus ds iwoZ fdlh la”kks/ku] ifjorZu ;k “kqf) dks lfEefyr ugha fd;k tk;xs kAÀ2 1ø12&x&& /kkjk 12&?k vkSj 12 ³ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] izR;sd O;fDr fuokZpdks a ds fy, vgZrk ftlus ml o’kZ dh] ftlea s fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj ;k iqujhf{kr dh tk;] igyh tuojh dks 18 o’kZ dh vk;q iwjh dj yh gks vkSj tks d{k ds {ks= ea s ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh gks] d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s jftLVªhdj.k dk gdnkj gksxk && Li’Vhdj.k&& ¼,d½ fdlh O;fDr ds laca/k ea s dsoy blh dkj.k fd d{k ds {ks= eas mldk fdlh fuokl x`g ij LokfeRo ;k dCtk gS] ;g u le>k tk;xk fd og ogk¡ ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh g(S ¼nks½ vius ekewyh fuokl&LFkku ls vius vkidks vLFkk;h :Ik ls vuqifLFkr j[kus okys O;fDr ds lEcU/k ea s dsoy blh dkj.k ;g u le>k tk;sxk fd og ogka ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh ugha jgk( ¼rhu½ laln ;k jkT; fo/kku e.My dk lnL; ,sls lnL; ds :Ik ea s vius drZO;ks a ds lEcU/k ea s d{k ds {ks= ls vuqifLFkr jgus ek= ds dkj.k] viuh inkof/k ds nkSjku ml {ks= dk ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh gksus ls ifjfojr ugha le>k tk;xs k( ¼pkj½ ;g fofu”p; djus ds fy, fd fdu O;fDr;ks a dks fdlh lqlaxr le; ij fdlh fof”k’V {ks= dk ekewyh rkSj ls fuoklh le>k tk; ;k u le>k tk;] fdUgha vU; rF;ks a ij] ftUgas fofgr fd;k tk;] fopkj fd;k tk;xs k( ¼ikap½ ;fn fdlh ekey s es a ;g iz”u mBs fd fdlh lqlaxr le; ij dksbZ O;fDr ekewyh rkSj ls ogka dk fuoklh gS rks ml iz”u dk vo/kkj.k ekey s ds lHkh rF;ks a ds funs”Z k ea s fd;k tk;sxkA 12&?k&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fuokZpu ukekoyh ea s jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vugZ fuokZpu ukekoyh ea s gksxk] ;fn og && jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vugZrk,a ¼,d½ Hkkjr dk ukxfjd u gks( ;k ¼nks½ fod`r fpŸk gks vkSj mlds ,slk gksus dh fdlh l{ke U;k;ky; dh ?kks’k.kk fo|eku gks( ;k ¼rhu½ fuokZpu lEcU/kh Hkz’V vkpkj.k vkSj vU; vijk/kks a ls lEcfU/kr fdlh fof/k ds micU/kks a ds v/khu er nsus d s fy, rRle; vugZ gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 15 }kjk /kkjk x ls t rd c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 87 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 43 ¼[k½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 43 ¼[k½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 17 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 12?k&12N À ¼2½ tks O;fDr jftLVªhdj.k ds Ik”pkr~ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vugZ gks tk;] mldk uke ml fuokZpd ukekoyh ls rRdky dkV fn;k tk;sxk] ftlea s og ntZ gS % fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh O;fDr ds uke dks] tks ,slh fdlh vugZrk ds dkj.k fuokZpd ukekoyh ls dkV fn;k x;k gks] ml ukekoyh ea s rRdky fQj ls j[k fn;k tk;sxk] ;fn ,slh vugZrk ml vof/k ds nkSjku] ftlea s ,slh ukekoyh izo`fŸk jgrh gS] fdlh ,slh fof/k ds v/khu gVk nh tkrh gS] tks ,slk gVkuk izkf/kdr` djrh gSA 12&³&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr ,d ls vf/kd d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh es a ;k ,d gh jftLVªhdj.k dsoy ,d d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ls ,d ls vf/kd ckj jftLVªhdj.k dk gdnkj u gksxkA d{k ea s gksxk ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s jftLVªhdj.k dk gdnkj ugha gksxk] ;fn mldk uke fdlh uxj] vU; øuxjikfydk {ks= Nkouh ;k xzke iapk;r dk {ks=À1 ls lEcfU/kr fdlh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s ntZ gks] tc rd fd og ;g nf”kZr u djs fd mldk uke ,slh fuokZpd ukekoyh ls dkV fn;k x;k gSA ø12&p&& ¼1½ tgka fuokZpd] jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh dk pkgs mldks fn, x, fdlh fuokZpd ukekofy;ks a ea s vkns”k i= ij ;k Loizsj.kk ls ,slh tkap djus ds Ik”pkr~ ftls og mfpr le>s] ;g lq/kkj le>k;k gks vkns”k fuokZpd ukekoyh dh dksbZ izfof’V lq/kkjh ;k fu’dkflr dh tkuh pkfg, ;k jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, gdnkj fdlh O;fDr dk uke fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s ifjo/kZu fd;k tkuk pkfg, ogka og bl vf/kfu;e vkSj mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eks a vkSj fn, x, vkns”kks a ds v/khu jgs gq,] fdlh izfof’V dk] ;FkkfLFkfr fu’dklu] lq/kkj ;k ifjo/kZu djsxk % ijUrq ,slk dksbZ lq/kkj] fu’dklu ;k ifjo/kZu] d{k ds fdlh fuokZpu ds fy, ukekadu nsus ds vfUre fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ vkSj bl fuokZpu ds iwjk gksus ds iwoZ ugha fd;k tk;xs k% ijUrq ;g Hkh fd dksbZ lq/kkj ;k fu’dklu] tks fdlh O;fDr ds fgr ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkyus okyk gks mlds fo:) izLrkfor dk;oZ kgh ds laca/k ea s lquokbZ dk leqfpr volj fn, fcuk] ugha fd;k tk;sxkA ¼2½ fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s fdlh uke dks lfEefyr djus] fu’dkflr djus ;k lq/kkj djus ds laca/k ea s fuokZpd jftLVªhdj.k vf/kdkjh ds fdlh vkns”k ds fo:) vihy ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls vkSj ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k izkf/kdkjh dks] ftls fu;eks a }kjk fofgr fd;k tk;] izLrqr dh tk;sxhAÀ5 12&N&& øjkT; fuokZpu vk;ksxÀ2 ;fn og lkekU; ;k mi&fuokZpu ds iz;kstu ds fuokZpd ukekoyh dk fy, ,slk djuk vko”;d le>s] fdlh d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh dk ,slh jhfr ls] ftls iqujh{k.k og mfpr le>s] ø***À3 iqujh{k.k djus dk funs”Z k ns ldrk gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl vf/kfu;e ds vU; micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] d{k dks fuokZpd ukekoyh] tSlh fd og dksbZ ,slk funs”k fn, tkus ds le; izo`Ÿk cuh jgsxh] tc rd fd bl izdkj funsf”kr ø***À3 iqujh{k.k iwjk u gks tk;A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 88 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 90 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 90 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 44 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 18 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 12 t &13[kÀ 12&t&& øtgka rd fuEufyf[kr ea s ls fdlh ds lEcU/k ea s bl fu;e ;k rn~/khu fuokZpd ukekoyh lEcU/kh cuk, x, fu;eks a }kjk micU/k fd;k tk;]s jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs À6 fuokZpd ukekofy;ks a ls vkns”k lEc) fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ks a ds ckjs ea]s vkns”k }kjk micU/k cuk ldrh gS] vFkkZr~ %&& ¼d½ fnukad] ftl ij bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu izFker% rS;kj dh xbZ vkSj rRi”pkr~ rS;kj dh xbZ fuokZpd ukekofy;ka izo`Ÿk gksxa h vkSj muds izorZu dh vof/k( ¼[k½ lEcfU/kr fuokZpd ds vkosnu&i= ij fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s fdlh orZeku izfof’V dks Bhd djuk( ¼x½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ks a ea s fyfidh; ;k eqnz.k lEcU/kh =qfV;ks a dks Bhd djuk( ¼?k½ fuokZpd ukekofy;kas ea s fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk uke lfEEkfyr djuk && ¼,d½ ftldk uke d{k ls lEc) {ks= dh fo/kku lHkk fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s lfEefyr gks fdUrq ml d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s lfEefyr u gks ;k ftldk uke xyrh ls fdlh vU; d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s lfEefyr dj fy;k x;k gks( ;k ¼nks½ ftldk uke bl izdkj dh fo/kku lHkk fuokZpd ukekoyh eas lfEEkfyr ugha gks fdUrq tks d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, vU;Fkk vgZ gks( ¼³½ ø***À3 ¼³³½ uke lfEefyr djus ;k fudkyus ds fy, vkosnu&i=ks a ij ns; Qhl( ¼p½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ks a dh vfHkj{kk vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k( vkSj ¼N½ lkekU;r;k ,sls lHkh fo’k;] tks fuokZpd ukekoyh rS;kj djus vkSj izdkf”kr djus ls lEc) gksAÀ2 13&& ø***À1 fuokZpu dk lapkyu ø13&d&& /kkjk 31&d es a ;FkkmicfU/kr ds flok; jkT; ljdkj] jkT; fuokZpu lkekU; fuokZpu vk;kxs ds ijke”kZ ls] ljdkjh xtV eas foKfIr }kjk] fdlh uxjikfydk ds lkekU; fuokZpu gsrq ,d ;k mlls vf/kd fnukad fu;r dj ldrh gSAÀ4 ø13&[k&& ø¼1½À7 uxjikfydkvks a ds lHkh fuokZpuks a dk v/kh{k.k funs”Z ku vkSj fuokZpuks a ds lapkyu dk fu;a=.k jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx djsxkA v/kh{k.k bR;kfn 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk fujflrA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 15 }kjk /kkjk x ls t rd c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 91¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 92 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 45 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 46 }kjk iqulZa[;kafdrA 19 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 13d&13?kÀ ø¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu jgrs gq, mi/kkjk 12&[k½ dh mi/kkjk ¼2&d½ ea s fufnZ’V eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkuh; fudk;½ uxjikfydkvks a ds lkekU; fuokZpuks a ds lapkyu dk Ik;Zos{k.k djsxkAÀ4 ¿¿¼3½ jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs lHkh fuokZpuks a es a izR;sd izR;k”kh ls ukekadu i= ds lkFk mldh i`’BHkwfe ds lEcU/k es a fuEufyf[kr lwpukvks a ds lkFk vU; lwpuk,a] tSlk vko”;d le>s] dk “kiFk i= ds lkFk ?kks’k.kk i= izkIr djsxk vkSj ernkrkvks a dks mldh tkudkjh djkus d s fy, [k.M ¼x½ rFkk ¼³½ dh lwpukvks a dks NksM+dj lkoZtfud djk;xs k %&À6 ¼d½ D;k ;g vrhr es a fdlh vijkf/kd ekey s es a nks’kh ik;k x;k gS\ nks’k eqDr gqvk gS\ vkjksi ls mUekfspr gqvk gS\ ;k nks’kh ik; s tkus dh fLFkfr es a mls n.M ;k vFkZn.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k gS\ ¼[k½ ukekadu Hkjus ls N% ekg iwoZ D;k vH;FkhZ fdlh ,sls yfEcr ekey s es a vfHk;Dq r jgk gS] ftles a nks o’kZ ;k vf/kd dh ltk gks ldrh gS ,oa ekey s es a vkjksi fu/kkZfjr gks pqds gks a ;k U;k;ky; us laKku es a fy;k gks] dk fooj.k( ¼x½ og vkSj mlds ifr ;k iRuh rFkk vkfJrks a dh py] vpy lEifÙk;ks]a cSad cSyasl vkfn ls lEcfU/kr iw.kZ lwpuk( ¼?k½ bl ij nsunkfj;ks a fo”ks’kdj mlds }kjk fdlh lkoZtfud foÙkh; laLFkku ;k ljdkj dh vo”ks’k jkf”k dk le; ls Hkqxrku u djus dh n”kk es a mldk iw.kZ fooj.k( ¼³½ mldh vk; d s lk/ku rFkk orZeku ekfld@okf’kZd vk; dk iw.kZ fooj.k( ¼p½ og fookfgr vFkok vfookfgr( ¼N½ mlds dqy cPpks a dh la[;k vkSj mudh vk;q o f”k{kk ij O;; dk fooj.k( ¼t½ mldh vk;dj rFkk Hkwfe&Hkoudj] iz{ksidj@”kqYd ds :Ik es a Hkqxrku dh tkus okyh okf’kZd /kujkf”k dk iw.kZ fooj.k( vkSj ¼>½ mldh “kSf{kd ;ksX;rk dk fooj.kAÀ5 ¿13&x&& dksbZ O;fDr lnL; ds :Ik es a pqus tkus vkSj cus jgus ds fy, vgZ ugha lnL;rk ds fy, vgZrk,a gksxk tc rd fd && ¼d½ og ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ea s fdlh d{k ds fy, fuokZpd u gks( ¼[k½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks]a fiNM+ s oxksaZ vkSj fL=;ks a ds fy, vkjf{kr fdlh LFkku dh n”kk ea]s og ;FkkfLFkfr] mDr Js.kh dk O;fDr u gks( ¼x½ mlus ,Ddhl o’kZ dh vk; q izkIr dj yh gks(À2 ¼?k½ ¿***À7 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 93 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 46 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 11 o’kZ 2003 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 7- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 03 o’kZ 2008 dh /kkjk 4 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 20 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 13 ?kÀ 13&?k&& dksbZ Hkh O;fDr bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh fd og vU;Fkk vgZ gS fdlh lnL;rk ds fy, vugZrk,a øuxjikfydkÀ3 dk lnL; fuokZfpr pqus tkus ;k lnL; cus jgus d s fy, vugZ gksxk] ;fn& 1ø ¿¼d½ og fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dk dksbZ inP;qr lsod gks vkSj mlds v/khu iqu% lsok;kstu ds fy, fooftZr fd;k x;k gks( ;k ¼dd½ og Hkkjr ljdkj ;k fdlh jkT; ljdkj ds v/khu dksbZ in /kkj.k fd;k gks vkSj Hkz’Vkpkj ;k jkT; ds izfr vHkfDr ds dkj.k inP;qr dj fn;k x;k gks] Tkc rd fd mldh inP;qr ls N% o’kZ dh vof/k lekIr u gks xbZ gks( ;kÀ2 ¼[k½ og fdlh izkf/kdkjh ds vkns”k }kjk fof/k&O;olk;h ds :Ik ea s dk;Z djus ls fooftZr fd;k x;k gks( ;k ¼x½ og øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds nku Lo:Ik ;k mlds fu;a=.k ea s dksbZ ykHk dk in /kkj.k djrk gks( ;k ¼?k½ og /kkjk 27 ;k 41 ds v/khu vugZ gks( ;k ø ¿¼³½ mldh nks ls vf/kd thfor larku gS] ftuea s ls ,d dk tUe bl /kkjk ds izo`Ÿk gksus dh frfFk ds 300 fnol ds Ik”pkr~ gqvk gS( ;kÀ5 ¼p½ og jkT; ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dh lsok ea s gks] ;k ftyk ljdkjh dkmUlys ;k vij lgk;d ftyk ljdkjh dkmUlys ;k voS/kkfud eftLVªsV ;k voSrfud eqfUlQ ;k dksbZ voSrfud lgk;d dyDs Vj gks( ;k ¼N½ ml ij ,d o’kZ ls vf/kd dh ekax ds uxjikfydk dj ;k vU; ns;ks a dk] ftu ij /kkjk 166 ykxw gkrs h gS] Hkqxrku cdk;k gks( ;k ¿¼t½ efgyk ds fo:) fdlh vijk/k dk nks’k fl) Bgjk;k x;k gS( ;kÀ5 ¼>½ ¼1½ og vuqeksfpr fnokfy;k gks( ;k ¼2½ og Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk] 1860 dh /kkjk 171&³ ds v/khu dkjkokl ls n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k vFkok /kkjk 171&p ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k ds fy, fl)&nks’k Bgjk;k x;k gks( ;k ¼¥½ mls vko”;d oLrq vf/kfu;e] 1955 ;k mŸkj izns”k vkiwfrZ fu;a=.k ¼vLFkkbZ “kfDr½ vf/kfu;e] 1947 ¼vf/kfu;e la0 2] 1947½ tSlk fd mŸkj izns”k vkiwfrZ fu;a=.k ¼vLFkkbZ “kfDr½ vf/kfu;e] 1953 ¼vf/kfu;e la0 22] 1953½ }kjk iqu% vf/kfu;fer fd;k x;k ;k [kk| vifeJ.k ¼fuokj.k½ vf/kfu;e] 1954 ¼vf/kfu;e la0 37] 1955½ ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh vkns”k dk mYYka?ku djus ds fy, ;k fdlh ,sls vijk/k ds fy,] ftls jkT;

ljdkj us ;g ?kksf’kr fd;k gks fd mlea s ,slh uSfrd v/keŸk vUroZfyr gS] ftlls og lnL; gksus ds fy, v;ksX; dj fn;k x;k gks] dkjkokl dk n.Mkns”k fn;k x;k gks ;k mls n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1973 dh /kkjk 109 ;k 110 ds v/khu dh xbZ dk;Zokfg;ks a ds QyLOk:Ik lnkpkj ds fy, cU/ku&i= fu’ikfnr djus dk vkns”k fn;k x;k gks vkSj ,slk n.Mkns”k ;k vkns”k ckn es a ifjofrZr u dj fn;k x;k gks s % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 15 o’kZ 1983 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 21 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 13?kÀ ijUrq ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ dh n”kk ea s mDr vugZrk jkT; ljdkj ds bl fufeŸk fn, x, vkns”k }kjk nwj dh tk ldrh gS% ijUrq ;g vkSj fd ¼N½ dh n”kk ea s cdk;k Hkqxrku djus ij ;Fkk”kh?kz vugZrk lekIr gks tk;sxh % ijUrq ;g vkSj Hkh fd ¼¥½ dh n”kk ea s %& ¼1½ ;FkkfLFkfr mlds dkjkokl ls fueqZDr gksus ds fnukad ls iakp o’kZ dh lekfIr ij ;k ml vof/k] ftlds fy, mlls lnkpkj cuk, j[kus d s fy, cU/k&i= fu”ikfnr djus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gks] lekfIr ds fnukad ls vugZrk ugha jgs tk;xs h( vkSj ¼2½ ,sls O;fDr dh n”kk e]as tks vugZrk ds fnukad dks uxjikfydk dk lnL; gks] vugZrk rc rd izHkkoh ugha gksxh tc rd fd ,slh vugZrk ds fnukad ls rhu ekl rd chr x;s gks a ;k ;fn mDr rhu ekl ds Hkhrj fl)&nks’k Bgjkus ;k vkns”k ds lEcU/k ea s iqujh{k.k ds fy, dksbZ vihy ;k ;kfpdk izLrqr dh xbZ gks rks tc ,slh vihy ;k foLrkj.k u dj fn;k x;k gksAÀ2 øLi’Vhdj.k&& [k.M ¼p½ ds vFkZ ea]s dksbZ ljdkjh dks‘kk/;{k jkT; ;k dsUnzh; ljdkj dh lsok eas ugha le>k tk;sxkAÀ1 ø¼V½ og jkT; ds fo/kku e.My ds fuokZpuks a ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, rRle; izo`Ÿk fdlh fof/k }kjk ;k mlds v/khu bl izdkj vugZ dj fn;k tkrk gS% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ O;fDr] ;fn mlus bDdhl o’kZ dh vk; q izkIr dj yh gS] bl vk/kkj ij vugZ ugha fd;k tk;xs k fd og iPPkhl o’kZ ls de vk; q dk gS(À3 ¿¼B½ fdlh ,sls lekpkj&i= es]a ftles a uxjikfyk ds dk;dZ ykiks a ls lEcfU/kr dksbZ foKku fn;k tk ldrk gS] va”k ;k fgr j[kr gS( ;k ¼M½ fdlh ,slh laLFkk] tks uxjikfydk ls fdlh Hkh izdkj dh foÙkh; lgk;rk izkIr dj jgh gS] dk oSrfud deZpkjh gS( ;k ¼<½ ;fn og ;k lds ifjokj dk lnL; ;k mldk dkuwuh uxjikfydk ds LokfeRo ;k izcU/ku dh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ;k lkoZtfud lM+d ;k iVjh] ukyh] ukyk ij vukf/kdr` dCtk djrk gS vFkok fdlh ,sls vukf/kdr` dCts ls fdlh izdkj dk ykHk izkIr djrk gS( ;k ¼.k½ uxjikfydk ds fdlh Hkh deZpkjh laoxZ ;k oxZ ds la?k ;k ;wfu;u dk izfrfuf/k ;k inkf/kdkjh gS( ;k ¼r½ uxjikfydk ds vf/kfu;e] fu;e] mifof/k;ka] fofu;e] “kklukns”k dk mYya?ku djus] uxjikfydk ds fgrks a dh mis{kk djus dk fl) nks’kh Bgjk;k x;k gks(À5 ¿¼Fk½ og ,d ls vf/kd okMZ ds fy, vH;FkhZ gksAÀ6 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk tksM+k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 94 ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 03 o’kZ 2008 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 22 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 13³&13NÀ ¿13&³&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr] ftldk uke rR;e fdlh d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh Ekr nsus dk vf/kdkj ea s ifzo’V u gks ml d{k ea s er nsus dk gdnkj u gksxk] tSlk fd bl vf/kfu;e ea s Li’Vr% micfU/kr gS mlds flok; izR;sd O;fDr] ftldk uke rRle; fdlh d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s izfo’V gks] ml d{k ea s er nsus dk gdnkj gksxkA ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh d{k ea s fuokZpu ea s en ugha nsxk] ;fn og /kkjk 12?k ea s fufnZ”V fdlh vugZrk ds v/khu gSA ¼3½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh lk/kk3j.k fuokZpu ea s ,d ls vf/kd d{kks a ea s er ugha nsxk vkSj ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,sls ,d ls vf/kd d{kks a ea s er nsrk gS rks ,sls lHkh d{kka s ea s mlds fn, gq, er “kwU; gks tk;sxa sA ¼4½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fuokZpu ea s ,d gh d{k ea s ,d ls vf/kd ckj er ugha nsxk Hkys gh ml d{k dh fuokZpu ukekoyh ea s mldk uke ,d ls vf/kd ckj jftLVhdr` fd;k x;k gks vkSj ;fn og bl izdkj er nsrk gS rks ml d{k ea s mlds fn, x, lHkh er “kwU; gks tk;sxa sA ¼5½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fuokZpu ea s er ugha nsxk] ;fn og dkjkxkj ea]s pkgs dkjkokl ds ;k fuokZlu n.Mkns”k ds v/khu ;k vU; izdkj ls ifj:) gks ;k iqfyl dh fof/kiw.kZ vfHkj{kk ea s gks % ijUrq bl mi/kkjk dh dksbZ ckr ,sls O;fDr ij ykxw u gksxh] ftldks rRle; izo`Ÿk fdlh fof/k ds v/khu fuokjd fujks/k fd;k x;k gksAÀ1 ¿13&p&& fdlh okMZ ds izR;sd fuokZpu es]a tgka ernku fy;k tk;]s er xw<+ ernku dh jhfr “kykdk ;k oksfVax e”khu }kjk fn, tk;asxs rFkk dksbZ er izfrfuf/kd ernku }kjk ugha fy;k tk;xs kAÀ4 13& N&& ¿tgka rd bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk fdlh fo’k; ds lEcU/k ea s micU/k u fuokZpuks a ds lapkyu ds fd;k x;k gks rks ^jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx*À2 vkns”k }kjk] fuokZpuks a ds lapkyu ls lEcfU/kr lEcU/k ea s vkns”k fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ks a ds lEcU/k ea s micU/k dj ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ && ¼d½ lkekU; fuokZpu ds fy, vf/klpw uk tkjh djuk( ¼[k½ fjVfuZax vkfQlj] lgk;d fjVfuZax vkfQlj] ihBklhu vf/kdkjh rFkk ernku vf/kdkjh rFkk fyfidks a dh fu;qfDr] mudh “kfDr vkSj drZO;( ¼x½ uke funs”Z ku] laoh{kk uke okil ysus rFkk ernku ds fy, fnukad fu;r djuk( ¼?k½ uke funsZ”Z ku i= izLrqr djus dh jhfr vkSj mldk izi=] fof/k ekU; uke funs”Z k ds fy, vis{kk,a] uke funs”Z kuks a dh laoh{kk vkSj mEehnokjh ls uke okil yus k( ¼³½ fuokZpu vfHkdrkZvks a rFkk ernku vfHkdrkZvks a rFkk er x.kuk vfHkdrkZvks a dh fu;qfDr vkSj muds drZO;( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk tksM+k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 96 ¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 23 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 13&tÀ ¼p½ lkekU; fuokZpuks a ea s izfdz;k] ftlds vUrxZr ernku ds iwoZ fdlh mEehnokjh dh e`R;q Hkh gS] lfojks/k vkSj fufoZjks/k fuokZpuks a ea s izfdz;k( ø***À1 ¼N½ ernkrkvks a dh igpku( ¼t½ ernku dk le;( ¼>½ ernku LFkfxr fd;k tkuk rFkk fQj ls ernku djkuk( ¼¥½ fuokZpuks a ea s ernku dh jhfr( ¼V½ erks a dh laoh{kk rFkk x.kuk] ftlds vUrxZr erks a dh iquZx.kuk Hkh gS vkSj er cjkcj gksus dh n”kk ea s vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfdz;k vkSj ifj.kke dh ?kks’k.kk( ¼B½ Ukxjikfydk ds fofHkUu d{kks a ds fy, fuokZfpr lnL;ks a ds uke foKkfir djuk vkSj uxjikfydk dk lE;d~ xBu( ¼M½ fuf{kIr /ku okil djuk ;k mldk leigj.k( ¼<½ ,sls ihBklhu vf/kdkjh] ernku vfHkdrkZ ;k fdlh ,sls ernku dsUnz ij tgka og er nsus d s fy, gdnkj u gks] drZO;:<+ izkf/kdr` ;k fu;qDr gks( ¼.k½ fdlh ,sls O;fDr }kjk] tks LOk;a dks fdlh nwljs O;fDr ds ,sls fuokZpd ds :Ik ea s er nsus ds Ik”pkr~ ,slk fuokZpd crykrk gks] er nsus ds lEcU/k ea s vuqdj.k dh tkus okyh izfdz;k( ¼r½ erisfV;ks]a er&i=ks a rFkk fuokZpd lEcU/kh vU; i=kfn dh lqjf{kr vfHkj{kk( ,slh vof/k] tc rd ds fy, ,sls i=kfn lqjf{kr j[k s tk;asxs vkSj ,sls i=kfn dk fujh{k.k djuk rFkk mUgs a izLrqr djuk( vkSj ¼Fk½ lkekU;r;k fuokZpuks a ds lapkyu ls lEcfU/kr lHkh fo’k;A 13&t&& ¼1½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ vkSj /kkjk 13&> ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, tc mifuokZpu Ukxjikfydk ds fdlh fuokZpu lnL; dk LFkku fjDr gks tk; ;k fjDr ?kksf’kr fd;k tk; ;k mldk fuokZpu “kwU; ?kksf’kr dj fn;k tk; rks ¿jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs ] jkT; ljdkj ds ijke”kZ ls]À2 ljdkjh xtV ea s foKfIr }kjk lEcfU/kr d{k ls bl izdkj dh gqbZ fjfDr dks ,sls fnukad ds iwoZ tks mDr foKfIr ea s fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;] Hkjus ds iz;ktukFkZ fdlh O;fDr dk fuokZpu djus ds fy, dgsxk vkSj bl vf/kfu;r rFkk blds v/khu cuk, x, fu;e vkSj fn, x, vkns”kks a ds micU/k] ;FkklEHko] ,slh fjDr ds Hkjus ds fy, fdlh lnL; ds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k es a ykxw gkasxsA ¼2½ ;fn bl izdkj gqbZ fjfDr fdlh ,sls d{k ea s vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks a øvuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks]a fiNMs oxksaZ ;k fL=;ksÀa 3 ds fy, vkjf{kr LFkku dh fjfDr gks rks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkjh dh x;h foKfIr ea s ;g fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k fd mDr LFkku dks LFkku dks Hkjus okyk O;fDr vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks]a ;k øvuqlwfpr tutkfr;ks a ;k fiNMs oxksaZ dk gksxk ;k L=hÀ3 gksxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 96 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 97 ¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 97 ¼[k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 24 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 13>&13VÀ 13&>&& tgka øuxjikfydkÀ2 ea s fdlh fuokZfpr lnL; dh e`R;q mlds in R;kx dfri; vkdfLed djus] gVk; s tkus ;k mlds fuokZpu ds ifjotZu ds dkj.k dksbZ fjfDr gks tk; s vkSj ml fjfDr;ka ftudh iwfrZ ugha dh tk;sxh lnL; dk inkof/k lk/kkj.k :Ik ea s ,slh fjfDr gksus ds ,d o’kZ ds Hkhrj lekIr gksrh rks ¿,slh fjfDr Hkjh u tk;xs hÀ3 A ¿13& ¥&& ¼1½ yksd izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e] 1951 ds Hkkx lkr ds v/;k; rhu dh fuokZpu lEcU/kh vijk/k /kkjk 125] 126] 127] 127&d] 128] 129] 130] 131] 132] 134] 134&d] ø135&dÀ7 vkSj 136 ds micU/k bl izdkj izHkkoh gksxa s] ekuks && ¼d½ fdlh fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ea s vk;k gqvk funs”Z k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fd, x, fuokZpu dk funs”Z k gks( ¼[k½ “kCn ^fuokZpu&{ks=* d s LFkku ij “kCn ^d{k* j[k fn;k x;k gks( ¼[k[k½ /kkjk 127&d dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds mi[k.M ¼1½ ea]s “kCn ^eq[; fuokZpu inkf/kdkjh* ds LFkku ij “kCn ø*eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkkuh; fudk;½*À6 j[k fn, x, gks(a ¼x½ ø***À8 ¼?k½ /kkjk 134 vkSj 136 ea]s “kCn ^bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k ds v/khu* ds LFkku ij “kCn ^m0iz0 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916 ds }kjk ;k ds v/khu* j[k fn, x;s gksA ¼2½ ;fn øeq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkkuh; fudk;½À6 dks ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds fdlh fuokZpu ds funs”Z k ea s mDr v/;k; dh /kkjk 129 ;k /kkjk 134 ;k /kkjk 134&d ds v/khu ;k /kkjk 136 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu n.Muh; dksbZ vijk/k fd;k x;k gS rks øeq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkkuh; fudk;½ dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og ,slh tkap djk; s vkSj ,slk vfHk;ksx lafLFkr djk, tks ekey s dh ifjfLFkfr;ks a ea s mls mfpr izrhr gksA ¼3½ dksbZ U;k;ky; /kkjk 129 ;k /kkjk 134 ;k /kkjk 134&d ;k /kkjk 136 dks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh vijk/k dk laKku ugha djsxk tc rd fd ;fn øeq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh ¼uxj LFkkuh; fudk;½À6 ds vkns”k ;k izkf/kdkj ls ifjokn u fd;k x;k gksAÀ1 13&V&& ¼1½ fdlh Hkh flfoy U;k;ky; dks fuEufyf[kr ds lEcU/k ea s vf/kdkfjrk flfoy U;k;ky; dh u gksxh & vf/kdkfjrk ¼d½ fdlh ,sls iz”u dks xzg.k djuk ;k ml ij U;k; fu.kZ; nsuk fd dksbZ O;fDr fdlh d{k dh fuokZpd ukekoyh ea s viuk uke jftLVhd`r djkus dk gdnkj gS ;k ugha( ;k ¿¼[k½ fuokZpd ukekofy;ks a ds izdk”ku ;k rS;kjh ds lEcU/k ea s jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs }kjk ;k mlds izkf/kdkj ds v/khu dh xbZ fdlh dk;oZ kgh dh oS/krk ij vkifŸk djuk( ;kÀ4 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 16 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 98 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 100 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 47¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 47¼[k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 8- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3 o’kZ 1996 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 4 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 25 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 14&19À ¼x½ fjVZfuax vkfQlj }kjk ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fuokZpu ds lEcU//k ea s fu;qDr fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh }kjk dh xbZ dkk;Zokgh ;k fd, x, fdlh fofu”p; dh oS/krk ij vkifŸk djukA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj izLrqr dh xbZ fuokZpu ;kfpdk }kjk dh xbZ vkifŸk ds flok; fdlh fuokZpu ij vU; izdkj ls vkifŸk u dh tk ldsxhAÀ1 14&& ø***À2 15&& ø***À2 16&& ø***À2 17&& ø***À2 18&& ø***À2 fuokZpu ;kfpdk,a 19&& ¼1½ fdlh O;fDr ds øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds lnL; ds :Ik ea s fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ;kfpdk }kjk uxjikfydk ea s fuoZpu ;kfpdk }kjk bl vk/kkj ij vkifŸk dh tk ldrh gS fd && fuokZpu ij vkifŸk djus dh “kfDr ¼d½ ,sls O;fDr us fuokZpu dk;oZ kfg;ks a ds nkSjku ;k mlds lEcU/k ea s /kkjk 28 ea s ;FkkifjHkkf’kr dksbZ Hkz’V vkpj.k fd;k gS( ¼[k½ ,slk O;fDr ,d ls vf/kd erks a ds vuqfpr :Ik ls vLohdkj ;k Lohdkj fd;s tkus ds dkj.k fuokZfpr ?kksf’kr fd;k x;k gS ;k fdlh vU; dkj.k ls oS/k erks a ds cgqer ls lE;d~ :Ik ls fuokZfpr ugha gqvk gS( ¼x½ ,slk O;fDr fuokZpu ds fy, mEehnokj ds :Ik ea s uke&funsfZ”kr fd, tkus d s fy, vgZ ugha Fkk ;k ;g fd ;kfpdk nus okys dk uke funs”Z ku i= vuqfpr :Ik ls vLohd`r fd;k x;k FkkA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds lnL; ds :Ik eas] fdlh O;fDr ds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k eas bl vk/kkj ij vkifŸk ugha dh tk;xs h fd && ¼d½ fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk uke] tks er nsus ds fy, vgZ Fkk] fuokZpd ukekoyh ;k ukekofy;ks a ea s ls NksM+ fn;k x;k gS] ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk uke] tks er nsus d s fy, vgZ ugha Fkk] mlea s ;k muea s j[k fn;k x;k gS( ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e dk vuqikyu fd;k x;k gS ;k ,rn~}kjk visf{kr izi=ks a ea s dksbZ Hkwy gS] ;k fdlh ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k vf/kdkfj;ks a us] ftl ij ;k ftu ij bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdUgha fu;eks a dks dk;kfZUor djus dk Hkkj lkSaik x;k gks] dksbZ =qfV vfu;ferrk ;k vukSipkfjdrk dh gS] tc rd fd ,slk vuqikyu Hkwy&=qfV] ;k vukSipkfjdrk dk fuokZpu ds ifj.kke ij dksbZ lkjoku izHkko u iM+k gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk tksM+k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 26 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 20&21À ¿20&& ¼1½ ftl fnu fjVfuZax vkfQlj }kjk ,sls fuokZpu dk ifj.kke ?kksf’kr fd;k ;kfpdk dk izk:Ik vkSj tk;] ftlds lEcU/k ea s vkifŸk bZfIlr gks] mlds Ik”pkr~ 30 fnu ds Hkhrj fuokZpu ;kfpdk mldk izLrqr fd;k tkuk izLrqr dh tk;xs h vkSj mlea s ,slk vk/kkj ;k ,sls vk/kkj fofufnZ’V fd;s tk;asxs ftu ij izR;FkhZ ds fuokZpu ij vkifŸk dh xbZ gks vkSj mlea s ,sls lkjoku rF;ks a dk laf{kIr fooj.k gksxk] ftu ij ;kfpdk nsus okyk fuHkZj djrk gks vkSj ,sls Hkz’V vkpj.k ds] tks vthZnkj us vkjksfir fd, gks]a iwjs C;kSjs gksxa s] ftlea s ,sls s i{kks a ds ukeks a dk ftu ij ,sls Hkz’V vkpkj.k djus dk vkjksi yxk;k gks vkSj ,slk izR;sd vkpkj.k djus dk fnukad rFkk LFkku dk ;FkklEHko iwjk C;kSjk gksxkA ¼2½ ;kfpdk ij ;kph }kjk gLrk{kj fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mls flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 ea s vfHkopu ds lR;kiu ds fy, vf/kdfFkr jhfr ls lR;kfir fd;k tk;xs kA ¼3½ ;kfpdk fdlh ,sls mEehnokj }kjk] ftlds i{k ea s er vfHkfyf[kr fd;s x;s gks a vkSj ftldks ;kfpdk eas ,sls O;fDr ds LFkku ij] ftlds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k eas vkifŸk dh xbZ gks] fuokZfpr ?kksf’kr fd;s tkus dk nkok fd;k gks ;k uxjikfydk ds nl ;k mlls vf/kd fuokZpdks a }kjk ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr }kjk tks ;g nkok djs fd mldk uke&funs”Z ku i= vuqfpr :Ik ls vLohdr` fd;k x;k Fkk] izLrqr dh tk ldrh gSA ¼4½ og O;fDr] ftlds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ea s vkifŸk dh xbZ gks vkSj tgka ;kph ;g nkok djs fd ,sls O;fDr ds LFkku ij dksbZ vU; O;fDr fuokZfpr ?kksf’kr fd;k tk; s rks izR;sd vlQy mEehnokj] tks ;kfpdk ea s ;kph u gks] ;kfpdk ea s izR;FkhZ cuk;k tk;xs kAÀ1 ø¼5½ ;kfpdk ml {ks= ea s vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djus okys ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks izLrqr dh tk;sxh] ftlea s og uxjikfydk fLFkj gS] ftlls fuokZZpu ;kfpdk lEcfU/kr gS % ijUrq ;kfpdk ftyk U;k;k/kh”k }kjk xzg.k ugha dh tk;xs h tc rd fd mlds lkFk dks’kkxkj pkyku u gks] ftlea s ;g nf”kZr gks fd fofgr izfrHkwfr tek dj nh xbZ gSAÀ2 21&& tgka fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk ea s ;g ?kks’k.kk dh tk; fd fuokZfpr mEehnokj izR;kjksid dk;Zokfg;ka ls fHkUu fdlh vU; mEehnokj us lE;d :Ik ls fuokZfpr gksus dk nkok fd;k gS rks fuokZfpr mEehnokj ;k dksbZ vU; i{kdkj ;g lkfcr djus ds fy, ,slk lk{; izLrqr dj ldrk gS fd ,sls mEehnokj dk fuokZpu “kwU; gks x;k gksrk ;fn og fuokZfpr mEehnokj gksrk vkSj ,slh ;kfpdk izLrqr dh x;h gksrh] ftuea s mlds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ea s vkifŸk dh x;h gks % fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fuokZfpr mEehnokj ;k ,slk vU; i{kdkj ,slk lk{; izLrqr djus dk rc rd gdnkj u gksxk tc rd fd ml ij fuokZpu ;kfpdk dh uksfVl ds rkehy gksus ds fnukad ls bDdhl fnu ds Hkhrj mlea s fuokZpu U;k;kf/kdj.k dks vius ,slk djus s ds vk”k; dh uksfVl u ns nh gks vkSj ,slh izfrHkwfr Hkh tek u dj nh gks tks fdlh lnL; ds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ea s vkifŸk djus dh fuokZpu ;kfpdk ds ekeys ea s fofgr dh xbZ gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa fufnZ’V izR;sd uksfVl ds lkFk fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk ds ekeys es a /kkjk 20 }kjk visf{kr vk/kkj ;k vk/kkjks a vkSj lkjoku rF;ks a dk fooj.k vkSj iwjk C;kSjk fn;k tk;xs k vkSj mlh jhfr ls ml ij gLrk{kj vkSj mldk lR;kiu fd;k tk;xs kA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 17 o’kZ 1982 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 27 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 22&23À 22&& ¼1½ dksbZ fuokZpu ;kfpdk] tks /kkjk 20 ds micU/kks a ds vuq:Ik u gks ;k ¿fuokZpu ;kfpdk dh ftl ij izLrqr fd;s tkus ds le; ij ;k pkSng fnu ls vuf/kd ds ,sls vxzsŸkj le; ds lquokbZÀ2 Hkhrj] tSlk fd øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ3 us Lohdr` fd;k gks] visf{kr U;k;ky; Qhl lanŸk u dh xbZ gks] ,sls U;k;k/kh”k }kjk vLohdr` dj nh tk;xs hA ¿¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ftl fuokZpu ;kfpdk dks vLohdkj u fd;k x;k gks] mldh lquokbZ ftyk U;k;k/kh”k }kjk dh tk;xs hAÀ4 23&& tgka rd bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k fu;e }kjk vU;Fkk micfU/kr fd;k tk;s] Ikzfdz;k mlds flok; flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk ds oknks a ds lEcU/k ea s micfU/kd izfdz;k dk tgka rd og bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ls vlaxr u gks vkSj tgka rd og ykxw gks] fuokZpu ;kfpdkvks a dh lquokbZ ea s vuqlj.k fd;k tk;xs k% ijUrq ;g fd && ¼d½ nks ;k mlls vf/kd ,sls O;fDr;ks a dks] ftuds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k eas vkifŸk dh x;h gks ,d gh ;kfpdk ea s izR;FkhZ cuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj muds ekyks a ij ,d lkFk fopkj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fdUgha nks ;k mlls vf/kd fuokZpu ;kfpdkvks a dh lquokbZ ,d lkFk dh tk ldrh gS] fdUrq ,slh ;kfpdk tgka rd fd og la;qDr fopkj.k ;k lquokbZ ls laxr gks] izR;sd izR;FkhZ ds lEcU/k ea s i`Fkd&i`Fkd ;kfpdk le>h tk;xs h( ¼[k½ øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 ls iw.kZ :Ik ls lk{; vfHkfyf[kr djus ;k djkus dh vis{kk u dh tk;xs h fdUrq og lk{; dk ,slk Kkiu rS;kj djsxk] tks mldh jk; ea s ekey s ea s fofu”p; djus d s iz;kstu ds fy, Ik;kZIr gks( ¼x½ øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 dk;oZ kgh ds fdlh Hkh izdze ij ;kph ls ,sls leLr O;; dk] tks izR;FkhZ }kjk mixr fd;k x;k gks ;k mixr fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gks] Hkqxrku djus d s fy, vxzsŸkj izfrHkwfr nsus dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS( ¼?k½ øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 fdlh okn fo’k; dk fofu”p; djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, dsoy mruk gh] ekSfyd ;k nLrkosth lk{; ftruk og vko”;d le>s] izLrqr djus ;k izkIr djus dh vis{kk djus d s fy, vkc) gksxk( ¼³½ fdlh ekeys dh lquokbZ ds nkSjku øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 dksbZ fof/k dk iz”u flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 dh izFke vuqlwph ds vkns”k 46 ds v/khu mPp U;k;ky; dks fufnZ’V dj ldrk gS fdUrq u rks fdlh fof/k ds iz”u ;k rF; ds lEcU/k eas dksbZ vihy gksxh vkSj u øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 ds fofu”p; ds fo:) ;k lEcU/k ea s dksbZ iqujh{k.k ds fy, vkosnu fd;k tk;xs k( ¼p½ dksbZ O;fDr] tks LOk; a dks fofu”p; ls {kqC/k le>rk gks] fofuf”p; ds fnukad ls 30 fnu ds Hkhrj øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 dks iqufoZyksdu ds fy, vkosnu dj ldrk gS vkSj rnqifj øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 fdlh Hkh iz”u ds lEcU/k ea s fofu”p; dj ldrk gS% ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ifjlhek dh lax.kuk djus ea s ifjlhek vf/kfu;e] 1963 dh /kkjk 12 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ dk micU/k ykxw gkus kAÀ1 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 17 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 17 o’kZ 1982 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 11 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 11 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 11 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 12 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 28 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ7 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 23d&26À 23&d&& ø***À3 ¿24&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk eas ftyk U;k;k/kh”k }kjk Okkn O;; ds fy, micU/k okn O;; ds fy, ;k okn O;; ds izfrHkwfr i= dh olwyh ds fy, fn;k x;k dksbZ vkns”k mlds }kjk ml fty s ds dyDS Vj dks fu’iknu ds fy, Hkstk tk ldrk gS] ftlea s lEc) uxjikfydk fLFkr gS vkSj bl izdkj Hkstk x;k vkns”k dyDs Vj }kjk ml jhfr ls fu’ikfnr fd;k tk;xs k ekuks og Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k ds lEcU/k ea s gksAÀ4 25&& ¿¼1½ ;fn øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 ,slh tkap djus ds Ik”pkr~ ftls og vko”;d øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ4 dk le>]s fdlh O;fDr ds lEcU/k eas] ftlds fuokZpu ij ;kfpdk }kjk vkifŸk dh x;h gS] ;g fu’d’kZ fu’d’kZ fudyrk gS fd mldk fuokZpu fof/kekU; Fkk rks og ,sls O;fDr ds fo:) ;kfpdk dks [kkfjt dj nsrk vkSj Lofoosdkuqlkj [kpkZ fnyk ldrk gS vkSj izfrHkwfr ;k mlds Hkkx dks okil djus ;k leig`r djus dk ,slk vkns”k ns ldrk gS] tSlk og mfpr le>sAÀ2 ¼2½ ;fn øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 ;g fu’d’kZ fudkyrk gS fd fdlh O;fDr dk fuokZpu vfof/kekU; Fkk ;k ;kph dks uke funs”Z ku i= vuqfpr :Ik ea s vLohdr` fd;k x;k Fkk rks og ekey s dh fof”k’V ifjfLFkfr;ks a ea s pkgs tk s ekxZ vf/kd mi;qDr gks] ;k rks & ¼d½ ;g ?kksf’kr djsxk fd ,d vkdfLed fjDr gks x;h gS( ;k ¼[k½ ;g ?kksf’kr djsxk fd nwljk fd mEehnokj ;Fkkfof/k fuokZfpr gks x;k gS vkSj fdlh ,d ekey s ea s okn O;; dk vf/kfu.kZ; dj ldrk gSA ¼3½ ø***À1 26&& ¼1½ iwoZorhZ /kkjk ea s fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ;fn øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 dks] fuokZpu dk;Zokfg;ks a dk fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk dh lquokbZ ds vuqdze ea s ;g jk; gks fd lk{; ls ;g izdV gksrk gS ifjotZu fd iz”uxr fuokZpu dk;oZ kfg;ks a ls Hkz’V vkpkj.k ml gn rd izpfyr Fkk] ftlds dkj.k lEiw.kZ dk;oZ kfg;ksa dks vikLr djuk mfpr gS rks og bl vk”k; dk l”krZ vkns”k djsxk vkSj fuokZfpr ?kksf’kr fd, x, ,sls izR;sd mEehnokj dks ftls ekey s ea s igys gh i{kdkj u cuk fy;k x;k gks] rRlEcU/kh uksfVl nsxk] ftlea s mlls ;g dkj.k crkus dh vis{kk dh tk;xs h fd D;ks a ,sls Lk”krZ vkns”k dks vfUre :Ik ns fn;k tk;As ¼2½ rnqijkUr ,slk izR;sd mEehnokj mifLFkr gks ldrk gS vkSj dkj.k crk ldrk gS vkSj mlls iz”u iwNus d s iz;kstu ds fy, fdlh ,sls lk{kh dks tks ekey s ea s mifLFkr gqvk gks] fQj ls cqyk;k tk ldrk gSA ¼3½ rRi”pkr~ øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ5 ;k rks ml l”krZ vkns”k dks jn~n dj nsxk ;k mls LIk’V dj nsxk] ,slh n”kk ea s og øuxjikfydkÀ6 dks u;s fljs ls fuokZpu dk;Zokfg;ka djus dk funs”k nsxkA Li’Vhdj.k&& bl [k.M ea s in ^iz”uxr fuokZpu dk;oZ kfg;ks*a vkSj ^lEiw.kZ dk;oZ kfg;ks*a dk rkRi;Z ,slh leLr dk;Zokfg;ks a ¼ftuds vUrxZr uke&funs”Z ku vkSj fuokZpu dh ?kks’k.kk Hkh gksxh½ ls gksxk] tks fdlh ,d gh ernku ds lEcU/k ea s dh xbZ gks] pkgs ,slk ernku fdlh d{k dk izfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, ,d ;k vf/kd O;fDr;ks a dk p;u djus ls ;k vU;Fkk fd;k x;k gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 18 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 17 o’kZ 1982 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 13 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 14 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 15 rFkk 16 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 29 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 27&29dÀ 27&& øftyk U;k;k/kh”kÀ2 fdlh ,sls mEehnokj dks ftlds ckjs eaas ;g ekyew gks fd Hkz’V vkpj.k ds fy, mlus dksbZ Hkz’V vkpj.k fd;k gS] uxjikfydk dk lnL; fuokZfpr fd;s tkus ;k vugZrk øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds nku LOk:Ik ;k mldh O;oLFkk ea s fdlh in ;k LFkku ij fu;qDr fd, tkus ;k cus jgus ds fy, ikap o’kZ ls vuf/kd dh vof/k ds fy, vleFk Z ?kksf’kr dj ldrk gS % ijUrq ;g fd ;g ?kks’k.kk fdlh ,sls mEehnokj ds lEcU/k ea s ugha dh tk;sxh] tks fuokZpu ;kfpdk ea s dksbZ i{kdkj gks ;k ftls /kkjk 26 ds v/khu lquokbZ fd;s tkus dk volj u fn;k x;k gksA 28&& ,slk O;fDr] tks izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls] Lo;a ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk & Hkz’V vkpj.k ¼1½ fdlh ernkrk dks fdlh mEehnokj ds i{k ea s er nsus ;k er nsus ls fojr jgus ds fy, diV] lk”k; nqO;ins”ku] izihM+u] {kfr igqapkus dh /kedh] }kjk mRizsfjr djs ;k mRizsfjr djus dk iz;Ru djs(a ¼2½ fdlh mEehnokj ds i{k ea s er nsus ;k er nsus ls fojr jgus ds fy, fdlh ernkrk dks mRizsfjr djus ds mn~ns”; ls fdlh O;fDr dks dksbZ /ku ;k ewY;oku izfrQy ;k dksbZ LFkku ;k fu;kstu nsus dk izLrko djs ;k ns ;k fdlh O;fDr dks dksbZ O;fDrxr Qk;nk ;k ykHk dk opu ns( ¼3½ fdlh ,sls ernkrk ds uke ls tks bl izdkj er nsus okyk O;fDr ugha gS] dksbZ er ns ;k er mikIr djs( ¼4½ [k.M ¼1½ ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ eas fofufnZ’V fdlh dk;Z dks djus eas Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds vFkkZUrxZr nq’izsfjr djs( ¼5½ fdlh mEehnokj vFkok fuokZpd dks ,slk fo”okl djus ds fy, mRizsfjr djs ;k mRizsfjr djus dk iz;Ru djs fd og ;k vU; dksbZ O;fDr] ftlea s og fgr j[krk gS] nSoh vizlkn ;k vk/;kfRed ifjfuUnk dk ik= gks tk;xs k] cuk fn;k tk;xs k( ¼6½ tkfr] lEiznk;] iaFk ;k /keZ ds vk/kkj ij lajpuk djs( ¼7½ dksbZ ,slk vU; dk; Z djs] ftls jkT; ljdkj fu;e }kjk Hkz’V vkpj.k fofgr djs( ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlus Hkz’V vkpj.k fd;k gSA Li’Vhdj.k&& ^fdlh O;fDrxr Qk;nk ;k ykHk dk opu* ds vUrxZr Lo;a ml O;fDr ds ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds] ftleas og fgr j[krk gks] ykHk dk opu Hkh gS] fdUrq blds vUrxZr uxjikfydk dh fdlh fo”ks’k dk;oZ kgh ls i{k ea s ;k fo:) er nsus dk opu ugha gSA 29&& ø***À1 29&d&& ø***À1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 17 o’kZ 1982 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 17 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfir 30 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 30&31[kÀ uxjikfydk dk fu;a=.k ¿30&& ;fn fdlh le; jkT; ljdkj dk ;g lek/kku gks tk; s fd dksbZ jkT; ljdkj dh uxjikfydk bl vf/kfu;e ;k rRle; izo`Ÿk fdlh vU; fof/k ds }kjk ;k mlds v/khu uxjikfydk dks fo?kfVr djus dh “kfDr mll ij vf/kjksfir drZO;ks a ds ikyu ea s fujUrj pwd djrh gS ;k viuh “kfDr;ks a dk ,d ls vf/kd ckj vfrya?ku ;k nq:Ik;ksx djrh gS rks og uxjikfydk dks dkj.k crkus ds fy, ;qfDRk;qDr volj fn, tkus ds Ik”pkr~ fd ,slk vkns”k D;ks a u dj fn;k tk;] vkns”k }kjk ftlds lkFk rRlEcU/kh dkj.k gksxa s] ljdkjh xtV ea s izdkf”r djds uxjikfydk dks fo?kfVr dj ldrh gSAÀ2 31&& ø***À3 ¿31&d&& ¼1½ tgka /kkjk 30 ds v/khu dksbZ uxjikfydk fo?kfVr dh tk;s rks Ukxjikfydk ds fo?kVu ds mlds fuEufyf[kr ifj.kke gksxa s & ifj.kke ¼d½ v/;{k dks lfEefyr djrs gq, uxjikfydk ds lHkh lnL; vkns”k ea s fofufnZ’V fd;s tkus okys fnukad dks lnL; ;k v/;{k ds :Ik ea s viuk in fjDr dj nsxa s fdUrq blls iqufuZokZpu ;k iqu% uke&funsZ”ku ds fy, mudh ik=rk ij dksbZ izfrdwy izHkko ugha iM+xk( ¼[k½ ubZ uxjikfydk dk xBu gksus rd && ¼,d½ uxjikfydk] mlds v/;{k vkSj lfefr;ks a dks lHkh “kfDr;ka] d`R; vkSj drZO; ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a ea]s tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj bl fufeŸk fu;r djs] fufgr gksxa s vkSj muds iz;ksx] lEiknu vkSj fuoZgu fd;k tk,xk vkSj ,sls O;fDr dks fof/k ea s volj dh vis{kkuqlkj uxjikfydk] v/;{k ;k lfefr le>k tk;xk( ¼nks½ ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a dks osru vkSj HkŸkk] tSlk jkT; ljdkj lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk bl fufeŸk fuf”pr djs] uxjikfydk fuf/k ls fn;k tk;xk( ¼rhu½ jkT; ljdkj] le;&le; ij] ljdkjh xtV ea s vf/klpw uk }kjk] ,sls vkuq’kafxd ;k izklafxd micU/k] ftlds vUrxZr bl vf/kfu;e ds fdUgha micU/kks a dk vuqdwyu] ifjorZu ;k ifj’dkj djus ds Hkh micU/k gSa] fdUrq tks rRo ij izHkko u Mkys] tks mls bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a dks dk;kfZUor djus d s fy, vko”;d ;k b’Vdj gks] dj ldrh gSAÀ4 ¿31&[k&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] fdlh vf/kdkjh dks LFkkuh; fudk; funs”kd] mŸkj LFkkuh; fudk; funs”kd izns”k fu;qDr djsxhA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu vfHkO;Dr% leuqnsf”kr d`R;ks a ds vfrfjDr] funs”kd uxjikfydk ds dk;dZ ykiks a ds lEcU/k ea s jkT; ljdkj dh ,slh “kfDr;ks a dk ¼tks /kkjk 30 ds v/khu “kfDr;ka u gks½a ftUgas jkT; ljdkj xtV ea s vf/klwpuk }kjk vkSj ,slh “krksaZ rFkk fucZU/kks a ds v/khu ¼ftlds vUrxZr LOk;a mlds }kjk iqufoZyksdu dh “krZ Hkh gS½ tks ,slh vf/klpw uk ea s fofufnZ’V fd, tk;s]a mls izR;k;ksftr djs] iz;ksx djsxkAÀ1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 26 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 102 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 103 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 104 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 31 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 32&34À 32&& fofgr izkf/kdkjh & fofgr izkf/kdkjh }kjk Ik;Zos{k.k ¼d½ fdlh ,slh LFkkoj lEifŸk dk] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k la;qDr lfefr ds mi;ksx ;k vf/kHkksx ea s gks ;k fdlh ,sls fuekZ.k dk;Z dk] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ,slh lfefr ds funs”k ds v/khu fd;k tk jgk gks] fujh{k.k dj ldrk gS ;k fdlh ,sls vf/kdkjh }kjk] tks ijxukf/kdkjh ds in ls de u gks] fujh{k.k djok ldrk gS( ¼[k½ fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk fdlh ,slh cgh ;k nLrkost dks] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ,slh lfefr ds dCts ea s ;k fu;a=.k ea s gks] ekax ldrk gS vkSj mldk fujh{k.k dj ldrk gS( ¼x½ fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk] ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ,slh lfefr dh dk;Zokfg;ks a ;k drZO;ks a ls micfU/kr ,sls fooj.k] ys[ks fjiksVZ ;k nLrkostks a dh izfr;ka] ftUgs a og eaxkuk mfpr le>s]] izLrqr djus dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS( vkSj ¼?k½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ,slh lfefr ds fopkjkFkZ uxjikfydk ;k lfefr dh dk;oZ kfg;ks a ;k drZO;ks a ds lEcU/k ea s ,sls laizs{k.k y[s kc) dj ldrk gS] ftUgas og mfpr le>sA 33&& fdlh ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z ;k laLFkk dk] ftldk fu;e ;k vuqj{k.k iw.kZr% ;k Lkjdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk va”kr% ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds O;; ls fd;k x;k gks ;k fd;k tkrk gks vkSj mlls lEcfU/kr lHkh ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds fuekZ.k dk;ksa Z rFkk laLFkkvks a dk jftLVjks]a cfg;kas] y[s k s ;k vU; nLrkostks a dk lHkh le; ij ,sls vf/kdkfj;ks a }kjk fujh{k.k fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxk] ftUgas jkT; ljdkj bl fufeŸk fu;qDr djsA 34&& ¼1½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh] fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk] bl ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr jkT; ljdkj ;k fofgr ds v/khu] ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dh lfefr ;k la;qDr lfefr }kjk ikfjr fdlh izkf/kdkjh ;k ftyk eftLVsªV dks ladYi ;k uxjikfydk ;k la;qDr lfefr ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk ikfjr fn, x, ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds ladYi fdlh ladYi vFkok vkns”k ds fu’iknu ;k vxzsŸkj fu’iknu dks izfrf’k) dj ldrk gS] ;fn ;k vkns”k ds fu’iknu dk mldh jk; ea s ,slk ladYi ;k vkns”k bl izdkj dk gS fd mlls turk dks ;k fof/kiwoZd vxzsŸkj fu’iknu dks fu;ksftr O;fDr;ks a ds fdlh oxZ ;k fudk; dks dksbZ ck/kk] {kksHk ;k {kfr igqaps ;k igqapus dh izfrca/k djus dh “kfDr lEHkkouk gS vkSj fdlh O;fDr ds }kjk ,sls ladYi ;k vkns”k ds vuqlj.k ea s ;k mlds v/khu fdlh dk; Z ds fd, tkus ;k mldk fd;k tkuk tkjh j[kus dk izfr”ks/k dj ldrk gSA ø¼1&d½ ftyk eftLVsV] vius fty s dh lhekvks a ds Hkhrj] fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk] bl vk”k; ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dh lfefr ;k la;Dq r lfefr }kjk ikfjr ladYi ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k la;qDr lfefr ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk fn, x, vkns”k ds fu’iknu ;k vxzsŸkj fu’iknu dks izfrf’k) dj ldrk gS] ;fn mldh jk; ea s ,slk ladYi ;k vkns”k bl izdkj dk gS fd mlls eku thou ;k LokLF; ;k lqj{kk ds fy, ladV mRiUu gks ;k mRiUUk gksus dh lEHkkouk gks ;k mlls cyok ;k naxk gks ;k gksus dh lEHkkouk gks vkSj fdlh O;fDr }kjk ,sls ladYi ;k vkns”k ds vuqlj.k ea s mlds v/khu fdlh dk; Z ds fd, tkus ;k mldk fd;k tkuk tkjh j[kus dk izfr’ks/k dj ldrk gSA ¼1&[k½ jkT; ljdkj] Lor% ;k fjiksVZ ;k f”kdk;r izkIr gksus ij vkns”k }kjk bl ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dh lfefr ;k la;qDr lfefr }kjk ikfjr ladYi ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ;k la;qDr lfefr ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk fn, x, vkns”k ds fu’iknu ;k vxzsŸkj fu’iknu dks izfrf’k) dj ldrh gS] ;fn mldh jk; ea s ,slk ladYi ;k vkns”k yksd fgr ds izfrdwy izHkko Mkyus okyk gS ø;k ftls “kfDr;ks a dk nq#i;ksx djds vFkok rRle; izo`Ÿk fdlh fof/k ds micU/kks a dk Li’V Hkax djds ikfjr fd;k x;k gSÀ2 vkSj fdlh O;fDr }kjk ,sls ladYi ;k vkns”k ds vuqlj.k eas ;k mlds v/khu fdlh dk; Z ds fd, tkus ;k mldk fd;k tkuk tkjh j[kus dk izfr’ks/k dj ldrh gSAÀ1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk tksMk+ x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk vUr%LFkkfir fd;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 32 ¿¿mŸkj izn s”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 35&36À ¼2½ tgka ¿***À2 mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼1&d½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k fn;k tk; rks mldh ,d izfrfyfi mls fn, tkus ds dkj.kks a ds fooj.kks a ds lkFk fofgr izkf/kdkjh }kjk ;k ;FkkfLFkfr fofgr izkf/kdkjh ds ek/;e ls ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk rqjUr jkT; ljdkj dks Hksth tk;xs h] tks rnqijkUr ;fn og mfpr le>s] ml vkns”k dks fo[kf.Mr ;k mikUrfjr dj ldrh gSA ¼3½ ø***À3 ¼4½ tgka fdlh ladYi ;k vkns”k dks fu’iknu ;k vxzsŸkj fu’iknu mi/kkjk ¼1½] ¼1&d½ ;k ¼1&[k½ ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k }kjk izfrf’k) fd;k x;k gks vkSj og vkns”k izo`Ÿk cuk jgs rks uxjikfydk ;k ;fn mDr mi/kkjk ds v/khu vkns”k djus okys izkf/kdkjh }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh tk;] ;g drZO; gksxk fd og dksbZ ,slh dk;oZ kgh djs] ftls og djus dk gdnkj gksrk] ;fn mDr ladYi ;k vkns”k ikfjr gh u fd;k x;k gksrk ;k fn;k gh u x;k gksrk vkSj tks fdlh O;fDr dks ml ladYi ;k vkns”k ds v/khu ftldk vxzsŸkj fu’iknu izfrf’k) fd;k x;k gks] dksbZ dk; Z djus ;k djuk tkjh j[kus ls jksdus d s fy, vko”;d gSA 35&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh Hkh le; vH;kosnu fd;s tkus ij ;k vU;Fkk ¿jkT; uxjikfydk ds pdw ljdkjÀ4 dks ;g izrhr gks fd uxjikfydk bl ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer }kjk ;k ds djus dh n”kk ea s ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ3 vkSj fofgr v/khu vf/kjksfir fdlh drZO; dk ikyu djus ea s pwd ;k bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh vU; izkf/kdkjh dh “kfDr vf/kfu;fer }kjk izkIr fdlh “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ4 }kjk fn, x, fdlh vkns”k ;k tkjh fd;s x;s fdlh funs”k dk ikyu djus ea s pwd dh gS rks ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ4 uxjikfydk ls Li’Vhdj.k ekaxus vkSj bl /kkjk ds v/khu dk;oZ kgh fd, tkus ds lEcU/k ea s uxjikfydk }kjk mDr drZO; dk ikyu djus ;k mDr vkns”k ;k funs”k ds fu’iknu ds fy, dksbZ vof/k fuf”pr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ ;fn mDr drZO; dk ikyu ;k vkns”k vFkok funs”k dk fu’iknu bl izdkj fuf”pr dh xb Z vof/k ds Hkhrj u fd;k tk; rks ;FkkfLFkfr] jkT; ljdkj ;k fofgr izkf/kdkjh] ftyk eftLVªsV dks ;k fdlh ,sls vU; vf/kdkjh dks] tks fMIVh dyDs Vj ls fuEu iafDr dk u gks] mldk ikyu djus ds fy, fu;qDr dj ldrk gS vkSj ;g funs”k ns ldrh gS fd mDr drZO; dk ikyu djus ;k vkns”k ;k funs”k dk fu’iknu djus ea s gksus okys O;; dk ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ uxjikfydk }kjk ,sls le; ds Hkhrj] tks fu;r fd;k tk;] ftyk eftLVªsV dks Hkqxrku fd;k tk;xs kA ¼3½ ;fn mDr O;; dk bl izdkj Hkqxrku u fd;k tk; s rks ftyk eftLVªsV] ;FkkfLFkfr jkT; ljdkj ;k fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls vkns”k }kjk ml O;fDr dks] ftldh vfHkj{kk ea s uxjikfydk fuf/k gks] ,slh fuf/k ls mDr O;; dk Hkqxrku djus dk funs”k ns ldrk gSA 36&& ¼1½ vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ea s ftyk eftLVªsV fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr ls] vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ea s fdlh Hkh ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fu’iknu ;k ,sls dk;Z ds lEiUUk fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk dj ftyk eftLVsªsV dh vlk/kkj.k “kfDr;ka ldrk gS] ftlds fu’iknu ;k lEiUu djus dh uxjikfydk dks “kfDr izkIr gks vkSj mldh jk; ea]s ftldk rkRdkfyu fu’iknu ;k lEiUu fd;k tkuk øturk dh lqj{kk] laj{k.k ;k lqfo/kk ds fy, vko”;d gksÀ1 vkSj ;g funs”k ns ldrk gS fd fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fu’iknu dk dk; Z lEiUu fd;s tkus ls lEcfU/kr O;; dk uxjikfydk }kjk rqjUr Hkqxrku fd;k tk;xs kA 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 105 ¼d½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 105 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 106 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 33 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 37&40À ¼2½ ;fn mDr O;; dk bl izdkj Hkqxrku u fd;k tk; rks ftyk eftLVªsV vkns”k }kjk ml O;fDr dks] ftldh vfHkj{kk ea s uxjikfydk fuf/k gks] ,slh fuf/k ls mDr O;; dk Hkqxrku djus dk funs”k ns ldrk gSA ¼3½ ftyk eftLVªsV rqjUr ,sls izR;sd ekey s dh] ftlea s og bl /kkjk }kjk mls iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djs] fofgr izkf/kdkjh dks rqjUr fjiksVZ djsxkA uxjikfydk ds lnL; 37&& fdlh uxjikfydk ds lnL; ;k v/;{k dks flok; jkT; ljdkj dh lnL;ks a vkSj v/;{k dks Lohdf`r ds ;k bl fufeŸk cuk, x, fu;eks a ds vuqlkj] fdlh izdkj dk ikfjJfed ;k ;k=k ikfjJfed nsus dk izfr’ks/k HkŸkk Lohdr` ugha fd;k tk;xs kA 38&& fdlh vkdfLed fjfDr dks ;k ,slh fjfDr dks Hkjus ds fy,] tks lkekU; vkdfLed fjfDr;ks a dks fuokZpu ds le; u Hkjh x;h gks] fuokZfpr ø;k uke&fufnZ’VÀ3 lnL; dh inkof/k bl Hkjus ds fy, fuokZfpr ø;k vf/kfu;e ds v/khu mldk fuokZpu ø;k uke&funZZ”kuÀ4 ?kksf’kr fd;s tkus ij izkjEHk gksxh uke&fufnZ’VÀ2 lnL;ks a dh inkof/k vkSj uxjikfydk dh “ks’k dk;dZ ky rd ds fy, gksxhA 38&d && ø***À1 39&& ;fn v/;{k ls fHkUu uxjikfydk dk dksbZ lnL; fy[kdj vius gLrk{kj ls lnL;ks a dk R;kx&i= jkT; ljdkj dks lEcksf/kr djds viuk R;kx&i= nsrk gS rks rnqijkUr mldk LFkku fjDr gks tk;xs kA R;kx&i= ml fty s ds] ftlea s uxjikfydk fLFkr gks] ftyk eftLVªsV ds dk;kyZ ; ea s fn;k tk;xs k] tks bldh lwpuk rqjUr v/;{k dks nsxk vkSj R;kx&i= dks jkT; ljdkj ds ikl Hkst nsxkA 40&& ¼1½ ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ5] fuEufyf[kr fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ij uxjikfydk ds lnL;ks a dk gVk;k tkuk lnL; dks gVk ldrh gS && ¼d½ og uxjikfydk dh Lohdf`r izkIr fd;s fcuk yxkrkj rhu ekl ls vf/kd rd uxjikfydk ds vf/kos”kuks a ea s ;k yxkrkj rhu vf/kos”kuks a ea s buea]s tks Hkh vof/k vf/kd gks] vuqifLFkr jgk gS% ijUrq ftl vof/k ea s lnL; fopkjk/khu cUnh fu:)cUnh ;k jktuhfrd cUnh ds :Ik ea s dkjkokl ea s jgk gks] mldh x.kuk ugha dh tk;xs h( ¼[k½ mlus /kkjk 12&?k vkSj 13&?k ea s of.kZr dksbZ vugZrk mixr dj yh gks( ¼x½ mlus /kkjk 82 ds vFk Z ea]s uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls fdlh lafonk es a izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls ;k Hkkxhnkj ds }kjk tkucw>dj dksbZ va”k ;k fgr] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk gks] vftZr fd;k gks ;k mls /k`r j[kk gks( 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 17 o’kZ 1934 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 107 ¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 107 ¼[k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 107 ¼x½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 108 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 34 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ7 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 40À ¼?k½ mlus /kkjk 82 ea s fufnZ’V fo’k; ls fHkUu fdlh ,sls fo’k; ea]s ftlea s mldk ;k Hkkxhnkj dk izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ea]s dksbZ futh fgr jgk gks] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdl vU; izdkj dk gks ;k ftuea s og fdlh eqofDdy] ekfyd ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dh vksj ls o`fŸkd :Ik ls fgrc) jgk gks] tkucw>dj lnL; d s :Ik ea s dk; Z fd;k gks( ¼³½ og fof/k O;olk;h gksus ds dkj.k viuh lnL;rk dh vof/k ea s uxjikfydk ds fo:) ;k uxjikfydk ds izcU/k eas lkSih xbZ fdlh utwy Hkwfe ds lEcU/k ea s jkT; ljdkj ds fo:) fdlh O;fDr dh vksj ls] fdlh okn ;k dk;Zokgh ea s dk; Z djs ;k mifLFkr gks ;k fdlh ,sls O;fDr ds fy, mldh vksj ls] ftlds fo:) uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls dksbZ vkijkf/kd dk;oZ kgh lafLFkr dh x;h gks] dksbZ dk; Z djs ;k mifLFkr gks( ¼p½ mlus lEc) uxjikfydk {ks= ea s vius lkekU; fuokl LFkku dk ifjR;kx dj fn;k gS ;k LosPNk ls ;k vU;Fk ogka ls viuk fuokl LFkku LFkkukUrfjr dj fn;k gS] tc rd fd lnL; Lo;a vius fuokl LFkku dk bl izdkj ifjR;kx ;k LFkkukUrj.k djus ds rhu ekl ds Hkhrj vius in ls R;kx&i= ns ns( ¼N½ og uxjikfydk ds vf/kos”kuks a ea s ckj&ckj dnkpkj ;k foPN`a[kyrk dks nks’kh jgk vkSj rnFkZd f”kdk;r v/;{k ;k fdlh lnL; }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks dh xbZ gks( ¿¼t½ og lnL; ds :Ik ea s ;k mik/;{k ds v/;{k ds :Ik ea s ;k v/;{k dh “kfDr;ks a dk iz;ksx djrs gq, mik/;{k ds :Ik ea s fdlh vU; nqjkpkj.k dk nks”kh gS] pkgs og mŸkj izns”k uxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ ;k Ik”pkr~ fd;k x;k gksAÀ1 ¼2½ ¿***À3 ¿¼3½ jkT; ljdkj uxjikfydk ls fdlh lnL; dks gVk ldsxh] ftlus mldh jk; ea s uxjikfydk ds orZeku ;k vfUre iwoZorhZ dk;dZ ky ea s lnL; gksrs gq,] v/;{k ;k mik/;{k ;k fdl lfefr ds lHkkifr ;k fdlh vU; gSfl;r ls mŸkj izns”k uxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ ;k Ik”pkr~ dk; Z djrs gq, vius in dk bruk ?kksj nq#i;ksx fd;k gS ;k bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e] fofu;e ;k mifof/k ds micU/kks a dk tku&cw>dj bruk mYya?ku fd;k gS ;k uxjikfydk dh fuf/k ;k lEifŸk dh bruh gkfu ;k {kfr igqapkbZ gS fd og lnL; cus jgus d s fy, v;ksX; gks x;k gSAÀ2 ¼4½ ijUrq ¿tc jkT; ljdkjÀ4 bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/kks a ds v/khu dk;Zokgh djus dk fopkj djs rks lEc) lnL; dks Li’Vhdj.k nsus dk volj fn;k tk;sxk vkSj tc ,slh dk;oZ kgh gks tk; rks mlds dkj.kks a dks vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tk;xs kA ¼5½ ø***À5 ¿¼6½ fdUgha iwoZxkeh “kfDr;ks a ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] jkT; ljdkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s fufnZ’V fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ij lnL; dks gVkus ds ctk; mls psrkouh ns ldrh gSAÀ6 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 27 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 27 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 108 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 108 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 108 ¼?k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 108 ¼³½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 35 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 41&43À 41&& ¼1½ iwoZorhZ /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu gVk;k x;k dksbZ /kkjk 40 ds v/khu gVk, lnL;] ;fn vU;Fkk vgZ gks] fQj ls fuokZfpr ;k uke&funsfZ”kr fd;s tkus dk ik= gksxkA x, lnL;ks a dh fu;ksXZ;rk,a ¼2½ iwoZorhZ /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s [k.M rd fd ¼[k½ d s v/khu gVk;k x;k dksbZ lnL; rc rd bl izdkj ik= ugh gksxk tc rd fd mldh fu;ksXZ ;rk lekIr u gks tk;A ¼3½ iwoZorhZ /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu gVk;k x;k dksbZ lnL;] vius gVk, tkus d s fnuka l s ikap o’kZ dh vof/k rd bl izdkj ik= ugha gksxk % ijUrq ;g fd jkT; ljdkj Ik;kZIr dkj.kks a ls fdlh O;fDr dksbZ bl fu;ksXZ ;rk ls eqDr dj ldrh gSA ¼4½ iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds fdlh micU/k ¿***À3 ds v/khu gVk;k x;k dksbZ lnL; rc rd ik= ugha gkxs k tc rd fd ,sls dkj.kks a ls tks fofufnZ’V fd;s tk;sxa s] ;g ?kksf’kr u dj fn;k tk; fd vc vikr ugha gS vkSj mls jkT; ljdkj ds vkns”k ls bl izdkj ?kksf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA v/;{k vkSj mik/;{k 42 && ø***À1 ¿43&& ¼1½ v/;{k uxjikfydk {ks= ea s fuokZpd }kjk erkf/kdkj ds vk/kkj ij v/;{k dk fuokZpu fuokZfpr fd;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ cfgxkZeh v/;{k iqufuZokZpu ds fy, ik= gksxkA ¼3½ fdlh lnL; ds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ea s ¼ftlds vUrxZr fuokZpu vkSj fuokZpu vijk/k ls lEcfU/kr fookn Hkh gS½ bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/k vkSj rn~/khu cuk, x, fuxe v/;{k ds fuokZpu ds lEcU/k ea s vko”;d ifjorZuks a lfgr ykxw gkasxsA ¼4½ ;fn fdlh lkekU; fuokZpu ea s dksbZ O;fDr uxjikfydk ds lnL; vkSj v/;{k nksuks a dh :Ik ea s fuokZfpr gks tk; s ;k uxjikfydk lnL; gksrs gq, fdlh mi&fuokZpu ea s v/;{k fuokZfpr gks tk; s rks og /kkjk 49 ea s ;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok;] v/;{k fuokZfpr gksus ds fnukad ls lnL; u jg tk;xs kAÀ4 ø43&d&& dksbZ O;fDr uxjikfydk vkSj fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh nksuks a dk fHkUu&fHkUUk LFkkuh; ,d gh le; ea s v/;{k ;k mik/;{k u gksxk % izkf/kdkfj;ks a ds v/;{k ;k mik/;{k ds in ,d lkFk ijUrq ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,d ls vf/kd LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ks a ds fdlh ,sls ;k mlh /kkj.k djus ds lEcU/k ea s jksd rjg ds fdlh in ij fuokZfpr gks tk; rks og vius fodYi ls ,d LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh eas in /kkj.k djrk jgsxk vkSj vU; izkf/kdkfj;ks a ea s fofgr vof/k ds Hkhrj] R;kx&i= ns nsxkA 43&dd&& ø¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ¿uxjikfydkÀ5 dk v/;{k pqus tkus ds fy, v/;{k in ds fy, vgZrk,a vgZ u gksxk tc rd fd og && ¼d½ lEcfU/kr ¿uxjikfydÀ5 fdlh d{k dk fuokZpd u gks( vkSj ¼[k½ v/;{k ds in ij fuokZfpr fd;s tkus ds fy, mEehnokj ds :Ik ea s vius uke&funs”Z ku ds fnukad dks rhl o’kZ dh vk;q iwjh u dj pqdk gksAÀ2 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 20 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 109 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 110 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 111 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 36 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ7 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 43[k&43[k[kÀ ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh uxjikfydk dk v/;{k pqus tkus ;k gksus ds fy, vguZ gksxk] ;fn og && ¼d½ /kkjk 13 ?k ds ø¼d½ ls ¼N½ rd vkSj ¼N½ ls ¼V½] ø¼B½] ¼M½] ¼<½] ¼.k½ rFkk ¼r½À8 rd ;s mfYyf[krÀ3 fdlh vugZrk ds dkj.k vugZ gks ;k gks x;k gks vkSj ,slh vugZrk mDr /kkjk ds v/khu u rks lekIr gqbZ gks vkSj gVkbZ xbZ gks ( ¼[k½ ø***À2 ¼3½ ø***À4 À1 ¿43&[k && ø***À5 43&[k[k && ¼1½ /kkjk 20 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ø***À6 ds v/khu izLrqr fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk dk vUrj.k ;kfpdk ds fdlh i{kdkj ds vkosnu&i= vkSj mlds vU; i{kdkjks a dks uksfVl ds Ik”pkr~ vkSj mues a ls ,sls i{kdkjks a dh] tks pqus tkus dh bPNk izdV djs]a lquokbZ djus ds Ik”pkr~ ;k Lo;aeso] ,slh uksfVl ds fcuk mPPk U;k;ky; fdlh izdze ij && ¼d½ fdlh ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ds le{k fopkj ds fy, yfEcr fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk dk vUrj.k fdlh ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks dj ldrk gS( ;k ¼[k½ mls ml ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks ftlls mls okil fy;k x;k Fkk] fopkj.k ds fy, iqu% vUrfje dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ ftyk U;k;k/kh”k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vius le{k yfEcr fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk dk fdlh izdze ij vUrj.k fdlh ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks dj ldrk gS vkSj fdlh vij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ds le{k yfEcr fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk dks okil dj ldr gS vkSj && ¼,d½ mldk vUrj.k ;k fuLrkj.k dj ldrk gS( ;k ¼nks½ fopkj.k ;k fuLrkj.k ds fy, vUrj.k fdlh vU; vij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks dj ldrk gS( ¼rhu½ fopkj.k ;k fuLrkj.k ds fy, mldk iqu% vUrj.k ml U;k;ky; dks dj ldrk gS] ftlls mls okil fy;k x;k FkkA ¼3½ tgka mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh fuokZpu ;kfpdk dk vUrj.k ;k iqu% vUrj.k fd;k x;k gks] ogka ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ;k vij ftyk U;k;k/kh”k] tks rRi”pkr~ ,slh ;kfpdk dk fopkj.k djs] vUrj.k ds vkns”k ea s fdlh izfrdwy funs”k ds v/khu jgrs gq, ml fcUnq ls dk;Zokgh djsxk] ftl ij mls vUrfjr fd;k x;k Fkk ;k iqu% vUrfjr fd;k x;k Fkk % ijUrq ;fn og mfpr le>s rks igy s gh ijhf{kr fdlh lk{kh dks iqu% cqyk ldrk gS vkSj mldk iqu% ijh{k.k dj ldrk gSA 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk /kkjk 43&d ,oa 43&dd c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 111¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;DqZ r dh /kkjk 111 ¼x½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 112 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 113 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 13 o’kZ 2002 dh /kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 37 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 43x&43?kÀ ø43&x&& øtgka rd fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ks a es a ls fdlh laca/k ea s bl vf/kfu;e ;k v/;{k ds fuokZpu ds blds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eks a }kjk micU/k u fd;k tk;] jkT; fuokZpu vk;kxs À6 vkns”k lEcU/k ea s vkns”k nsus dh “kfDRk }kjk] v/;{k ds fuokZpu ds lapkyu ls ø***À3 lEcfU/kr fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ks a ds lEcU/k eas micU/k dj ldrh gS] vFkkZr~~~ && ¼d½ fjVfuZax vkfQlj dh fu;qfDr] “kfDr vkSj drZO;( ¼[k½ uke&funs”Z ku] leh{kk] uke okil yus s vkSj ernku ds fy, fnukad fu;r djuk( ¼x½ uke&funs”Z ku] i= izLrqr djus dh jhfr vkSj mldk izi=] fof/kekU; uke&funs”Z ku ds fy, vis{kk,a uke&funs”Z ku dh laoh{kk vkSj mEehnokjh ls uke okil yus k( ¼?k½ fuokZpu dh izfdz;k] ftlds vUrxZr ernku ds iwoZ fdlh mEehnokj dh e`R;q gks tkuk Hkh gS vkSj lfojks/k vkSj fufoZjks/k fuokZpuks a dh izfdz;k( ¼³½ ernku ds ?kUVs vkSj ernku dk LFkxu( ¼p½ fuokZpu ea s ernku dh jhfr( ¼N½ erks a dh laoh{kk vkSj x.kuk] ftlds vUrxZr erks a dh iquxZ.kuk Hkh gS vkSj er cjkcj&cjkcj gksus dh fLFkfr ea s vuqlj.k dh tkus okyh izfdz;k( ¼t½ ifj.kke dh ?kks’k.kk vkSj vf/klpw uk( ¼>½ uke&funs”Z ku ds lkFk izfrHkwfr tek djuk vkSj mldh okilh vkSj mldk leigj.k( ¼¥½ ls ¼n½ ø***À4 À2 ¿43&?k&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk dk v/;{k rFkk izR;sd lnL; uxjikfydk ds vf/kos”u jkT; fu’Bk vkSj in dh ea s viuk LFkku xzg.k djus ds iwoZ fuEufyf[kr :Ik ea s lafo/kku ds izfr viuh jktfu’Bk dh “kiFk “kiFk yxs k ;k izfrKku djsxk vkSj ml ij gLrk{kj djsxk && ^^eSa] d [k] bl uxjikfydk dk v/;{k@lnL; fuokZfpr gks tkus ij bZ”oj ds uke ij “kiFk yrs k gw@a lR;fu’Bk ls izfrKku djrk gw a fd fof/k }kjk LFkkfir ^^Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds izfr lPph J)k j[kxwa k] eSa Hkkjr dh izHkqrk vkSj v[k.Mrk dks cuk, j[kxwa k vkSj ea]S ln~HkkoiwoZd vkSj fu’BkiwoZd mu drZO;ks a dk fuoZgu d:axk] ftUgas eSa djus okyk gwAa ** ¼2½ v/;{k ;k lnL;] tks vius in dh vof/k ls vkjEHk gksus ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj vFkok mDr fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ uxjikfydk ds izFke rhu cSBdks a ea s ls fdlh ,d ea]s tks Hkh Ik”Pkkr~orhZ gks] tc rd fd ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk ;g vof/k c<+k u nh tk;s] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s vf/kdfFkr vkSj mldh vis{kkuqlkj “kiFk ysus ;k izfrKku djus ea s pwd djsxk] vius in ij u jg tk;xs k vkSj mldk LFkku fjDr gqvk le>k tk;xs kA 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 17 o’kZ 1982 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 20 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 114 ¼[k½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 114 ¼x½ }kjk fudkyk x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 48 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 38 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ9 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 44&47dÀ ¼3½ dksbZ O;fDr] ftlls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu “kiFk yus s ;k izfrKku djus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gks] uxjikfydk dh cSBd ea s viuk LFkku xzgk ugha djsxk vkFkok uxjikfydk ds lnL; ;k v/;{k ds :Ik eas dksbZ dk;Z ugha djsxk] tc rd fd mlus mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s vfHkdfFkr “kiFk u y s yh gks ;k izfrKku u dj fy;k gks vkSj gLrk{kj u dj fy;k gksAÀ3 44&& ø***À2 ¿44&d&& ;fn e`R;q ;k R;kx&i= fn, tkus ;k fdlh vU; dkj.k ls v/;{k ds v/;{k dk mifuokZpu in ea s vkdfLed fjfDr gks tk;s rks rRi”pkr~ ;Fkk”kD;

“kh?kz] fdUrq mDr fjfDr gksus ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj] /kkjk 43 ea s micfU/kr jhfr ls] v/;{k fuokZfpr fd;k tk;xs kAÀ6 45&& ø***À5 ø46&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ea s vU;Fkk dh xbZ O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgrs gq,] v/;{k dh v/;{k dh inkof/k inkof/k] uxjikfydk ds dk;Zdky ds lkFk lekIr gksxhA ¼2½ vkdfLed fjfDr ea s fuokZfpr v/;{k dh inkof/k mlds iwokZf/kdkjh dh inkof/k ls “ks’k Hkkx ds fy, gksxhAÀ4 46&d&& ø***À1 47&& ¿¼1½ uxjikfydk dk v/;{k] tks in R;kx djuk pkgs] viuk fyf[kr v/;{k dk R;kx&i= R;kx&i= ftyk eftLVªsV ds ek/;e ls jkT; ljdkj dks Hkst nsxkAÀ7 ¼2½ uxjikfydk }kjk ;g lwpuk izkIr gksus ij fd R;kx&i=] øjkT; ljdkjÀ8 }kjk Lohdr` dj fy;k x;k gS] ,sls v/;{k ds lEcU/k ea s ;g le>k tk;xs k fd mlus viuk in fjDr dj fn;k gSA ø47&d&& ø***À10 48&& ¼1½ ø***À2 v/;{k dk gVk;k tkuk 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 5 o’kZ 1932 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 77 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 30 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 35 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 21 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 115 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 116 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 116 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 9- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 10- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 11 o’kZ 2005 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk fujflrA 39 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 48À ¼2½ øtgka jkT; ljdkj dks] fdlh Hkh le; ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd & ¼d½ v/;{k us viuk drZO; ikyu djus ea s pwd dh gS( ;k ¼[k½ v/;{k us && ¼,d½ /kkjk 12&?k vkSj 43&dd ea s mfYyf[kr dksbZ vugZrk izkIr dj yh gS( ;k ¼nks½ /kkjk 82 ds vFkZ ea]s uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls] fdlh lafonk ;k lsok;kstu ea]s izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls ;k fdlh Hkkxhnkj }kjk] dksbZ va”k ;k fgr] pkgs /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk gks] tku&cw>dj vftZr fd;k gS ;k pkyw j[krk gS( ;k ¼rhu½ /kkjk 82 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ls ¼N½ ea s fufnZ’V fo’k; ls fHkUu fdlh vU; va”k ;k fgr] pkgs /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izd`fr dk gks ;k ftlea s mldk fgr fdlh eqofDdy ekfyd ;k vU; O;fDr dh vksj ls o`fŸkd :Ik ea s Fkk] tkucw>dj v/;{k ;k lnL; ds :Ik ea s dk; Z fd;k gS( ;k ¼pkj½ fof/k O;olk;h gksus ds dkj.k] uxjikfydk ds izcU/k ea s lkSih xbZ fdlh utwy Hkwfe ds lEcU/k eas] fdlh O;fDr dh vksj ls fdlh okn ;k vU; dk;oZ kgh ea s uxjikfydk ds fOk:) ;k jkT; ljdkj ds fo:) dk; Z fd;k gS ;k mifLFkr uxjikfydk }kjk mlh vksj ls dksbZ vkijkf/kd dk;Zokgh lafLFkr dh xbZ gks] dk; Z fd;k gS ;k mifLFkr gqvk gS( ;k ¼ikap½ lEc) uxjikfydk {ks= eas vius lkekU; fuokl LFkku dk ifj.kke dj fn;k gS( ;k ¼N%½ vius drZO;ks a ds fuokZgu ea s xEHkjh vopkj dk nks’kh gS( ;kÀ2 ø¼lkr½ uxjikfydk ds orZeku ;k vfUre iwoZorhZ dk;dZ ky eas v/;{k ;k mik/;{k ds :Ik ea s ;k fdlh lfefr ds lHkkifr ;k lnL; ds :Ik ea s ;k fdlh vU; gSfl;r ls] mŸkj izns”k uxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ ;k Ik”Pkkr~ dk; Z djrs gq, vius in dk bruk ?kksj nq#i;ksx fd;k gS ;k bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e] fofu;e ;k mifof/k ds micU/kks a dk tkucw>dj bruk mYya?ku fd;k gS ;k uxjikfydk dh fuf/k ;k lEifŸk dks ,slh gkfu ;k {kfr igqapk;h gS fd og v/;{k cus gjus ds vk;kXs ; gks tkrk gS( ;k ¼vkB½ pkgs v/;{k ds :Ik ea s ;k v/;{k dh “kfDr;ks a dk iz;ksx djrs gq, mik/;{k ds :Ik ea s ;k mik/;{k ;k lnL; ds :Ik ea s fdlh vU; nqjkpj.k dk vijk/k mŸkj izns”k uxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1976 ds izkjEHk ;k Ik”pkr~ fd;k gS( Rkks jkT; ljdkj mlls uksfVl ea s fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj ;g dkj.k crkus dh vis{kk dj ldsxh fd mls D;ks a u in ls gvk fn;k tk;s(À3 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 31 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 40 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 49&50À ¿¼ukS½ uxjikfydk dh fdlh lEifÙk dks gkfu ;k {kfr iagqpk;h gks( ;k ¼nl½ uxjikfydk dh fuf/k dk nqfoZfu;ksx ;k nq#i;ksx fd;k gS( ;k ¼X;kjg½ uxjikfydk ds fgr ds izfrdwy dk; Z fd;k gS( ;k ¼ckjg½ bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fu;eks a dk mYya?ku fd;k gS( ;k ¼rsjg½ uxjikfydk dh cSBd es a bl izdkj ls ck/kk mRiUu dh gS fd fdlh cSBd es a uxjikfydk dk dk; Z lapkyu vlaHko gks tkrk gS ;k ,slk djus ds fy, fdlh dks izsfjr fd;k gS( ;k ¼pkSng½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fn, x, jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh vkns”k ;k funs”Z k dk tkucw>dj mYya?ku fd;k gS( ;k ¼iUnzg½ uxjikfydk ds vf/kdkfj;ks a ;k deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk fcuk fdlh U;k;ksfpr dkj.k ds nqO;Zogkj fd;k gS( ;k ¼lksyg½ uxjikfydk dh fdlh lEifÙk dk mlds cktkj ewY; ij O;;u fd;k gS( ;k ¼l=g½ uxjikfydk dh Hkwfe] Hkou ;k fdlh vU; vpy lEifÙk ij vfrdze.k fd;k gS] fdlh vU; dks vfrdze.k djus es a lgk;rk dh gS ;k izsfjr fd;k gSAÀ6 ¼3½ ø***À3 ø49&& uxjikfydk dk v/;{k uxjikfydk dk insu lnL; gksrk gSA}4 v/;{k dk lnL; gksuk À4 50&& ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds v/;{k }kjk uxjikfydk dh fuEufyf[kr “kfDr dk ¿UkxjikfydkÀ2 ds d`R;] iz;ksx fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj ø/kkjk 53 vkSj 53&d ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,À1 u fd ftudk fuoZgu v/;{k }kjk vo”; fd;k tk;sxk vU;Fkk] drZO;ks a dk ikyu vkSj d`R;ks a dk fuoZgu fd;k tk;xs k( vFkkZr~& ¼d½ /kkjk 70] 74 vkSj /kkjk 75 vkSj 76 ds ijUrqdks a }kjk v/;{k ea s fufgr] ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds lsodksa dks fu;qDr djus] n.M nsus ;k inP;qr djus dh “kfDr( ¼[k½ bl fufeŸk fdlh fofu;e ds vuqlkj uxjikfydk ds lsodksa dks lsok] LFkkukUrj.k] vodk”k] osru fo”ks’kkf/kdkj vkSj erks a ds lEcU/k ea s mn~Hkwr iz”uks a dk vo/kkj.k( ¼[k[k½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds leLr vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj fuekZ.k dk; Z dk lkekU; Ik;Zos{k.k( ¼x½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh /kkjk 32 ds v/khu fooj.k&i=] y[s kk] fjiksVZ ;k nLrkost dh izfrfyfi dk vkSj /kkjk 94 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ vkSj ¼5½ vkSj /kkjk 108 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk ;k øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh fdlh lfefr }kjk ikfjr ladYi dh izfrfyfi dk izLrqr fd;k tkuk( 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 118 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 119 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 11 o’kZ 2005 dh /kkjk 4 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 41 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 51&52À ¼?k½ vuqlwph 1 ds LrEHk rhu ea s fufnZ’V “kfDr] drZO; vkSj d`R;] tks /kkjk 112 ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk v/;{k dks izfrfufgr fd;s x;s gks(a vkSj ¼³½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 fuEufyf[kr dks NksM+dj lHkh vU; drZO;] “kfDr vkSj d`R; && ¼,d½ tgka dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh gks] ,sls drZO;] “kfDR;ks a vkSj d`R;] tks /kkjk 60 }kjk dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjksa ea s fufgr fd;s x;s gks a vkSj tgka LokLF; vf/kdkjh gks]a ,sls drZO;] “kfDr vkSj d`R;] tks /kkjk 60&d }kjk LokLF; vf/kdkjks a ea s fufgr fd;s x;s gks(a ¼nks½ vuqlwph 1 ds nwljs LrEHk ea s fofufnZ’V drZO;] “kfDr vkSj d`R;( vkSj ¼rhu½ /kkjk 112 ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk izfrfufgr drZO;] “kfDr vkSj d`R;A 51&& v/;{k dk ;g Hkh drZO; vkSj “kfDr gksxh fd og&& v/;{k ds vfrfjDr drZO; ¼d½ tc rd bl vf/kfu;e }kjk vU;Fkk micfU/kr u gks ;k ;qfDrlaxr #dkoV u gks( ¼,d½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dh leLr cSBdks a dks cqyk, vkSj mudh v/;{krk djs( ¼nks½ ø***À1 ¼rhu½ bl fufeŸk cuk, x, fdlh fofu;e ds vuqlkj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dh lHkh cSBdks a ea s dk; Z lapkyu dk vU;Fkk fu;a=.k djs(a ¼[k½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds foŸkh; iz”kklu dh ns[k&js[k vkSj dk;iZ kfydk iz”kklu dk v/kh{k.k djs vkSj muea s fdlh =qfV dh vkSj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dk /;ku vkd’`V djs( vkSj ¼x½ ,sls vU; drZO; dk ikyu djs] tks bl ;k fdl vU; vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu mlls visf{kr gks a ;k ml ij vf/kjksfir fd;s x;s gksAa ¿51&d&& v/;{k] jkT; ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh foHkkx ls lkekU; lkekU; yksdfgr ds iz”u yksdfgr ds fdlh iz”u ij fofgr jhfr ls i= O;ogkj dj ldrk gSA ij v/;{k dkk jkT; ljdkj ds i= O;ogkj djus dk izzkf/kdkjÀ2 52&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ3] v/;{k ls fuEufyf[kr dks izLrqr djus dh vis{kk dj v/;{k ls fjiksVZ vkfn ldrk gS & dh vis{kk djus dh ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dh “kfDRk ¼d½ uxjikfydk ds izdk”ku ls lEcfU/kr fdlh fo’k; ds lEcU/k ea s dksbZ fooj.kh dFku] izkDdyu] vkdMs a ;k vU; lpw uk( ¼[k½ fdlh ,sls ekey s eas dkbs Z fjiksVZ Li’Vhdj.k( vkSj 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 13 o’kZ 1942 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 42 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 53&54À ¼x½ fdlh ,sls vfHkys[k] i= O;ogkj ;k ;kstuk ;k vU; nLrkost dh izfrfyfi] tks v/;{k dh gSfl;r ls mlds dCy s ;k fu;a=.k es a gks ;k tks mlds dk;kyZ ; eas ;k fdlh uxjikfydk lsod ds dk;kZy; ea s vfHkfyf[kr ;k nkf[ky dh xbZ gksA ¼2½ v/;{k] v;qfDr laxr foyEc ds fcuk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dh xbZ izR;sd vis{kk dk vuqikyu djsxkA ¼3½ bl /kkjk dh ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k ea s fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;xs k fd og uxjikfydk dks ,sls fofu;e cukus ls jksdrh gS] ftlls lnL;ks a dks uxjikfydk dh cSBdks a ea s ,slh “krkZs a vkSj fucZU/kuks a ds v/khu] tks fofu;e ea s fofgr fd;s tk;]a iz”u iwNus d s fy, izkf/kdr` fd;k tk;As 53&& ¼1½ v/;{k lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] /kkjk 51 ds [k.M ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ v/;{k }kjk viuh “kfDr ea s fufnZ’V “kfDr] drZO; vkSj d`R; ds flok; viuh fdlh ,d ;k vf/kd “kfDr;ks]a drZO;ks a vkSj drZO; dk mik/;{k dks izR;k;kstu ;k d`R;ks a dks vius fu;a=.kk/khu fdlh mik/;{k dks iz;ksx djus ds fy, l”kDr dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ mik/;{k }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k ea s fdlh “kfDr ds iz;ksx] fdlh drZO; ds ikyu ;k fdlh d`R; ds fuoZgu ds lEcU/k ea s dksbZ “krZ yxkbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj dksbZ fucZU/ku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ¼3½ fo”ks’k :Ik ls ,sls vkns”k ea s ;g “krZ yxkbZ tk ldrh gS fd mik/;{k us mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk mls iznŸk “kfDr ds iz;ksx ea s tks vkns”k fn;k gS] mldk fo[k.Mu ;k iqujh{k.k v/;{k dks fofufnZ’V vof/k ea s izLrqr vihy ea s v/;{k }kjk fd;k tk;xs kA 53&d&& ¼1½ v/;{k] /kkjk 50 ds [k.M ¼d½ ea s fofufnZ’V “kfDr;ks a eas ls ,d ;k v/;{k }kjk /kkjk 50 ds vf/kd “kfDr dk iz;ksxu vius fu;a=.k ds v/khu djus ds fy,] lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu “kfDr;ks a dk izR;k;kstu }kjk uxjikfydk ds fdlh lsod dks l”kDr dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu v/;{k ds vkns”k es a fdlh “kfDr ds iz;ksx ds lEcU/k ea s dksbZ “krZ fofgr dh tk ldrh gS vkSj dksbZ fucZU/ku yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ¼3½ uxjikfydk ds lsod }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu mls iznŸk “kfDr ds iz;ksx ea s fn;k x;k vkns”k] v/;{k }kjk fo[k.fMr ;k iqujhf{kr fd;k tk ldsxkA 54&& ¼1½ izR;sd uxjikfydk ea s ,d mik/;{k gksxk] tks uxjikfydk ds v/;{k] mik/;{k dk fuokZpu] fuokZfpr lnL;ks]a insu lnL;ks a vkSj uke&fufnZ’V lnL;ks a ls feydj cuus okys fuokZpd mldh inkof/k vkSj R;kx&i= e.My }kjk uxjikfydk ds fuokZfpr lnL;ks a eas ls fuokZfpr gksxk vkSj ,sls fuokZpu ea s ernku xw<&”kykdk }kjk gksxkA ¿¼2½ fdlh Hkh mik/;{k ds in dk dk;Zdky] mlds fuokZpu ds fnuk¡d ls ,d o’kZ ;k uxjikfydk ds lnL; ds :Ik es a mlds in ds dk;dZ ky dh “ks’k vof/k] bues a tks Hkh de gks] gksxkAÀ1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 120 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 43 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 54&54dÀ ¼3½ mik/;{k] tks ifjR;kx djuk pkgs] vius bl vk”k; dh fyf[kr lwpuk v/;{k dks Hkst ldrk gS vkSj uxjikfydk }kjk mldk R;kx&i= Lohdr` dj fy, tkus ij ;g le>k tk;xs k fd mlus viuk in fjDr dj fn;k gSA ø¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½] ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ ds v/khu mik/;{k dk fuokZpu] ;FkkfLFkr] uxjikfydk ds lE;d~ xBu ds fnukad ls] tSlk fd /kkjk 56 ds v/khu vf/klfwpr fd;k tk, ;k fjfDr ds fnukad ls rhu ekl d s Hkhrj iwjk fd;k tk;xs kAÀ2 1¿54&d&& ¿¼1½ tgka dksbZ O;fDr v/;{k fuokZfpr fd;s tkus ij dk; Z djus es a dfri; vkdfLedrkvks a vlQy jgrk gS ;k mlls bUdkj djrk gS ;k dk;Z djus ea s vU;Fkk vleFk Z jgrk gS ;k ea s v/;{k dh “kfDr vkfn dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, /kkjk 44&d ds vFkkZUrxZr v/;{k ds in ea s dksbZ vkdfLed fjfDr gksrh gS vkSj bl O;oLFkk vkSj mik/;{k ds vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj dksbZ mik/;{k fuokZfpr ugha gqvk gS ;k dksbZ mik/;{k vU;Fkk dk; Z fuokZpu dh izfdz;k djus ds fy, ugha gS] ogka v/;{k dh “kfDr;ks a vkSj d`R;ks a dk] tc rd fd v/;{k ;k mik/;{k d`R; djus ds ;ksX; u gks tk;as] iz;ksx vkSj fuoZgu ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk bl fufeŸk fu;qfDr fMIVh dyDs Vj ls vfuEu Js.kh ds fdlh jktif=r vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tk;xs k vkSj ,slk vf/kdkjh iz”kkld dgyk;sxk øvkSj mlea s v/;{k dh lHkh “kfDr;ka] d`R; vkSj drZO; fufgr gksxa s vkSj mlds }kjk mudk iz;ksx] lEiknu vkSj fuoZgu fd;k tk;sxkAÀ4 ¼2½ /kkjk 54 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] mik/;{k ds fuokZpu ds fy, cSBd uxjikfydk ds dk;dZ ky ea s vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk fu;r fnukad dks vkSj le; ij gksxhA cSBd vkSj mlds fy, fu;r fnukad vkSj le; dh uksfVl cSBd ds fy, fuf”pr fnukad ls iwjks lkr fnu iwoZ uxjikfydk ls izR;sd lnL; dks muds fuokl LFkku ij Hksth tk;xs hA ,slh uksfVl dh ,d izfr ,slh jhfr ls Hkh izdkf”kr dh tk;sxh] ftldk funs”k ftyk eftLVªsV dh vksj ,sls izdk”ku ij ;g le>k tk;xs k fd izR;sd lnL; dks uksfVl fey x;h gSAÀ3 ¼3½ ftyk eftLVªsV] bl /kkjk ds v/khu cqykbZ xbZ cSBd dh v/;{krk djus ds fy, ftyk U;k;k/kh”k ls ,d oSrfud flfoy U;kf;d vf/kdkjh dk izcU/k djus ds fy, dgsxa s vkSj dksbZ vU; O;fDr mldh v/;{krk ugha djsxkA ;fn cSBd ds fy, fu;r le; ls vk/kk ?kaVs ds Hkhrj cSBd dh v/;{krk djus ds fy, U;kf;d v/fkdkjh mifLFkr u gks rks cSBd ,sls fnukad vkSj le; ds fy,] tks mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu ml vf/kdkjh }kjk ckn ea s fu;r vkSj lnL;ks a dks vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;]s LFkfxr gks tk;sxhA ¼4½ ;fn U;kf;d vf/kdkjh cSBd dh v/;{krk djus ea s vleFk Z gks rks og] vius dkj.k vfHkfyf[kr djus d s Ik”pkr~ ml cSBd dks ,sls vU; fnukad vkSj le; ds fy, LFkfxr dj ldrk gS] ftls og fu;r djs fdUrq og mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu cSBd ds fy, fu;r fnukad ls lkr fnu ds ckn u gksxkA og cSBd ds LFkku dh fyf[kr lalwpuk vfoyEc ftyk eftLVªsV dks nsxkA LFkfxr cSBd ds fnukad vkSj le; dk uksfVl lnL;ksa dks O;fDrxr :Ik ls Hkstuk vko”;d u gksxk fdUrq ftyk eftLVªsV cSBd ds fnukad vkSj le; dk uksfVl mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa micfU/kr jhfr ls izdkf”kr djds nsxkA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼3½ rFkk ¼4½ ds v/khu fd, x, micU/k dks NksM+dj] bl /kkjk ds v/khu cqykbZ xbZ cSBd fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls LFkfxr ugha dh tk;xs hA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 o’kZ 1955 }kjk tksM+k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 32 ¼2½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 33 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 121 }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 44 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 55&57À ¼6½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu cqykbZ xbZ cSBd tSls gh izkjEHk gks] uxjikfydk mik/;{k dks fuokZfpr djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxhA ¼7½ U;kf;d vf/kdkjh fuokZpu ea s er nsus dk gdnkj u gksxkA ¼8½ erks a ds cjkcj gksus dh n”kk ea]s U;kf;d vf/kdkjh ykVjh Mkydj fofu”p; djsxk fd mu mEehnokjks a ea s ls ftuds er cjkcj gSa] dkSu mEehnokj fuokZfpr ?kksf’kr fd;k tk;As ¼9½ U;kf;d vf/kdkjh cSBd ea s fuokZpu dk ifj.kke ?kksf’kr djsxk vkSj cSBd ds dk;oZ `Ÿk dh izfrfyfi v/;{k vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV dks HkstsxkA 55&& ¼1½ mik/;{k && mik/;{k ds drZO; ¼d½ uxjikfydk dh cSBd ea s v/;{k dh vuqifLFkfr ea s vkSj tc rd ;qDr laxr dkj.k ls dksbZ :dkoV u gks] ml cSBd dh v/;{krk djsxk] mlds dk;Z lapkyu dk fofu;eu djsxk vkSj tc bl izdkj v/;{krk djs rc og /kkjk 91 ea s fofufnZ’V “kfDr dk iz;ksx djsxk( ¼[k½ v/;{k ds in es a dksbZ fjfDr gksus ;k v/;{k dh vleFkrZ k ;k vLFkk;h vuqifLFkfr dh vof/k ea]s v/;{k dk dksbZ vU; drZO; djsxk vkSj tc volj mRiUu gks fdlh vU; “kfDr dk iz;ksx djsxk( ¼x½ fdlh Hkh le; v/;{k }kjk /kkjk 53 ds v/khu mls izR;k;kfstr fdlh drZO;ks a dk ikyu djsxk vkSj tc volj mRiUu gks] vko”;drkuqlkj fdlh Hkh “kfDr dk iz;ksx djsxkA ¼2½ tgka nks mik/;{k gks] ogka mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ ea s fofufnZ’V drZO; dk ikyu vkSj “kfDr dk iz;ksx] T;s’B mik/;{k }kjk rFkk mldh vuqifLFkfr ea s dfu’B mik/;{k }kjk vkSj [k.M ¼x½ ea s fofufnZ’V drZO; dk ikyu vkSj “kfDr dk iz;ksx] fdlh Hkh ,sls mik/;{k }kjk] tks izR;k;kts u ds vkns”k es a ukekafdr gks] fd;k tk;xs k ;k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ø¼3½ /kkjk 48 ds micU/k ;Fkko”;d ifjorZu lfgr bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh drZO; dk ikyu vkSj “kfDr dk iz;ksx djus d s lEcU/k eas mik/;{k ij ykxw gkasxsAÀ1 56&& uxjikfydk] lnL; ;k v/;{k dk izR;sd fuokZpu vkSj uke&funsZ”s ku fuokZpuks]a uke&funs”Z kuks a uxjikfydk dk ;Fkksfpr xBu vkSj lnL; ;k v/;{k ds in dh izR;sd fjfDr ljdkjh vkSj fjfDr;ks a dh vf/klwpuk xtV ea s vf/klfwpr dh tk;xs hA vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj LokLF; vf/kdkjh 57&& ¼1½ izR;sd uxjikfydk tc rd fd jkT; ljdkj ;k rks Lor% ;k vf/k”kklh vkSj LokLF; uxjikfydk }kjk fd;k x;k vH;kosnu ij vU;Fkk funs”k u ns] fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk ,d vf/kdkjh fu;qDr vkSj fu;ksftr djus dh vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh fu;qDr djsxk % uxjikfydk dh “kfDRk 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 dh /kkjk 23 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 45 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 58&59À ijUrq izR;sd n”kk ea]s ftlea s mDr vf/kfu;e ds ikfjr gksus ds le; ,sls uxjikfydk ea s lfpo gks fdUrq vf/k”kklh vf/kd tkjh u gks] lfp dks vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh le>k tk;xs k rc rd fd mls lE;d :Ik ls izfrLFkkfir u dj fn;k tk;sA ¼2½ izR;sd uxjikfydk] ftldh vk; izfro’kZ 50]000 :0 ;k mlls vf/kd gks] rc rd fd jkT; ljdkj vU;Fkk funs”k u ns] ,slh “krksaZ vkSj fucZU/kuks a ij tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fofgr dh tk;]s ,d LokLF; vf/kdkjh dh tks ¿mŸkj izns”k izknsf”kd fpfdRlk vkSj LokLF; lsokÀ2 dk lnL; gks vkSj ,d ys[kkdkj dks tks jkT;&ys[kk&lsok dk lnL; gks] fu;ksftr djsxk % ijUrq ;fn jkT; ljdkj ømŸkj izns”k izknsf”kd fpfdRlk vkSj LokLF; lsokÀ2 d s fdlh LokLF; vf/kdkjh dh lsok,a miyC/k djkus ea s viuh vleFkrZ k izdV djs rks uxjikfydk ,d fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk vLFkk;h LokLF; vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr dj ldrk gSA ¿¼2&d½ izR;sd uxjikfydk] ;fn jkT; ljdkj dh ,slh vis{kk djs] y[s kkdkj ds vfrfjDr ;k mlds LFkku ij jkT; ljdkj }kjk uke&funsfZ”kr y[s kk vf/kdkjh ;k rks i`Fkd :Ik ls ;k fdlh ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd uxjikfydkvks a ;k fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds lkFk la;qDr :Ik ls] ,slh “krksaZ vkSj fucU/kuks a ij] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij fofgr dh tk;] fu;ksftr djsxkAÀ1 ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh dh vkSj mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds ijUrqd ds v/khu LokLF; vf/kdkjh dh uxjikfydk }kjk dh xbZ izR;sd fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj ds iwokZuqeksnu ds v/khu vkSj mudk osru vkSj lsok dh “krZ ogh gksxh] tks fofgr dh tk;A 58&& uxjikfydk] vius vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks fdlh fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks ftldk uxjikfydk ds nks frgkbZ ls vU;uw lnL;ks a us leFkuZ fd;k gks] inP;qr dj n.M fn;k tkuk] inP;qr fd;k tkuk ;k mldk ldrh gS ;k gVk ldrh gS ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr dj ldrh gS fdUrq mls ,sls le; ds Hkhrj gVk;k tkuk vkSj LokLF; ,slh jhfr ls] tks fofgr dh tk;] jkT; ljdkj ds le{k vihy djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk % vf/kdkjh dk LFkkukUrj.k ijUrq uxjikfydk] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr djus] gVkus ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr djus ls ,slh izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k djsxh] tks bl fufeŸk fofgr dh tk;sA ¼2½ ø***À1 ¼3½ ;fn dksbZ uxjikfydk ø/kkjk 57 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds ijUrqd ds v/khu fu;qDr LokLF; vf/kdkjh ls fHkUu]À1 vius LokLF; vf/kdkjh ;k vius y[s kkdkj ds LFkkukUrj.k dh fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk flQkfj”k djrk gS rks jkT; ljdkj] ;FkkfLFkfr] LokLF; vf/kdkjh ;k y[s kkdkj dh uxjikfydk ds fu;kstu ls LFkkukUrfjr dj nsxk] c”krs Z uxjikfydk }kjk mlds fy, Ik;kZIr dkj.k fn;k tk;sA 59&& ø¼1½ fdlh dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh ds NqV~Vh ij] vuqifLFkr jgus ;k mlds in LFkkukiUu dk;Zikyd dh vU; vLFkk;h fjfDr ea]s ;fn ,slh NqV~Vh ;k fjfDr dh vof/k nks ekl ls vf/kd u gks] vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr v/;{k fdlh O;fDr dks dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh ds :Ik ea s dk; Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr dj ldrk gS vkSj ;fn mDr vof/k nks ekl ls vf/kd dh gks rks /kkjk 57 ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj uxjikfydk }kjk fu;qDr dh tk;xs h % 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfir rFkk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 122 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 46 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 60&60dÀ ijUrq tc fjDr dh vof/k] tks izkjEHk ea s nks ekl ls vf/kd dh gks] ckn ea s vuosf{kr ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds dkj.k c<+k nh tkrh gS rks v/;{k }kjk dh xbZ fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu jgrs gq, pkyw jg ldrh gSAÀ1 ¼2½ bl izdkj fu;qDr fd;k x;k izR;sd ml O;fDr dks] ftlds LFkku ij og dk;Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS] bl ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer ds }kjk ;k v/khu iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx ;k vf/kjksfir drZO; dk ikyu djsxkA ø¼3½ ,slh fu;qfDr;kas ls lEc) osru vkSj lsok dh “krsa Z ogh gksxh] tks fofgr dh tk; vkSj /kkjk 58 ds micU/k] ,sls ifj’dkj ds lkFk] tks fofgr fd;s tk;sa] bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr;ks a ij ykxw gkasxsAÀ1 60&& ¼1½ fdlh uxjikfydk ea]s tgka dksbZ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh gks] uxjikfydk ds Ukxjikfydk ds d`R;] fuEufyf[kr vf/kdkjks a dk iz;ksx ,sls vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mudk iz;ksx /kkjk 62 ftudk fuoZgu vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh }kjk vo”; ea s dh xbZ O;oLFkk dks NksM+dj vU;Fkk ugha fd;k tk;sxk( vFkkZr~& gksuk pkfg, ¼d½ cktkj o/k”kkyk ;k fdjk; s dh xkM+h ds ykblsUl ls fHkUu fdlh ,sls ykblsUl dh tks uxjikfydk }kjk fn;k tk ldrk gks] vius gLrk{kj ls Lohdr` vkSj tkjh djus ;k bUdkj djus dh “kfDr( ¼[k½ fdlh ,sls ykblsUl dks fuyfEcr djus ;k okil yus s dh “kfDr( ¼x½ uxjikfydk dks ns; ;k izLrqr dh xbZ dksbZ /kujkf”k izkIr djus] olwy djus vkSj uxjikfydk fuf/k ea s tek djus dh “kfDr( ¼?k½ vuqlwph 2 ds izFke LrEHk ea s fofufnZ’V /kkjk ;k mi/kkjkvks a }kjk iznŸk “kfDr ;k tgka ,slh /kkjk ;k mi/kkjkvks a ds Ik”pkr~ ^va”kr%* vk;k gks mlds ,sls va”kka s }kjk iznŸk “kfDr] tSlk fd mDr vuqlwph ds LrEHk 2 ea s fn, x, fooj.k ea s minf”kZr gS vkSj bu “kfDr;ks a dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, lHkh vko”;d dk; Z djus dh “kfDr( ¼³½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds lsodksa ds lEcU/k ea]s /kkjk 75 vkSj 76 }kjk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ea s fufgr “kfDr vkSj fdlh ,sls in ds ftl in fu;qfDr djus dh mls “kfDr gks] in/kkjh dh vuqifLFkfr dh NqV~Vh Lohdr` djus dh “kfDr( ¼p½ dksbZ vU; “kfDr ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk] tks vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dh izfrfufgr dh x;h gksA ¼2½ ø***À1 uxjikfydk ds lHkh deZpkjh vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ds v/khuLFk gksxa sA ø60&d&& /kkjk 60 ;k /kkjk 60&d ea s nh xbZ fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; d`R;] ftudk fuoZgu ljdkj ljdkjh xtV ea s vf/klpw uk }kjk funs”k ns ldrh gS fd fdlh uxjikfydk ea s LokLF; vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tk;sxk LokLF; vf/kdkjh] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ds lkekU; fu;a=.k ds v/khu jgrs gq,] fuEufyf[kr “kfDr dk iz;ksx djsxk % ijUrq bu vf/kdkfj;ks a ds chp vlgefr gksus dh n”kk ea s iz”u v/;{k dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k] ftldk fofu”p; vfUre gksxk && 1- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfir rFkk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 47 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 60[k&61À ¼d½ cktkj ;k o/k”kkyk ds fy, vuqKk&i= ;k ykblsUl ls fHkUu ,sls izR;sd vuqKk&i= ;k ykblsUl dks] tks /kkjk 298 dh lwph&1 ds Hkkx [k] ?k] p] N vkSj lwph&2 ds Hkkx ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ mifof/k;kas ds lEcU/k ea s uxjikfydk }kjk Lohdr` fd;k tk ldrk gS] vius gLrk{kj ls Lohdr` vkSj tkjh djus dh “kfDr( ¼[k½ ,sls fdlh vuqKk&i= ;k ykblsUl dks fuyfEcr djus ;k okil ysus dh “kfDr( ¼x½ /kkjk 191 ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½] 192 ¼1½] 196 ¼x½ vkSj ¼?k½] 201 ¼1½] 202 ¼1½] 225 ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½] 227] 244 ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½] 245 ¼1½] 249] 250 ¼2½] 267] 268] 269] 270] 271] 273 ¼1½¼d½] 276] 277] 278] 280] 283] 294 ds lEcU/k ea s vkSj 307 ds lEcU/k ea s Hkh] tgka rd fd mleas fufnZ’V uksfVl dk lEcU/k bl [k.M ea s fofufnZ’V vU; /kkjkvks a ls gS] /kkjk 60 ¼1½ ¼?k½ ds v/khu dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh dks iznŸk “kfDr( ¼?k½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds ,sls lsodksa ds laca/k eas] tks lQkbZ] yksd&LokLF;] Vhdk yxkus vkSj tUe&ej.k jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, fu;ksftr fd;s x;s gks]a ,slh “kfDr tks /kkjk 75¼d½ vkSj 76¼d½ }kjk dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh ea s fufgr dh xbZ gks a vkSj fdlh ,sls in ds] ftl ij fu;qfDr djus dh mls “kfDr gks] in/kkjh dh vuqifLFkfr dh NqV~Vh eatwj djus dh “kfDrAÀ1 ø60&[k&& jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV ea]s vf/klpw uk }kjk funs”k ns ldrh gS fd fo|qr] lkoZtfud fuekZ.k fdlh ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ea s fo|qr] lkoZtfud fuekZ.k vkSj tydy foHkkx vkSj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 vkSj tydy foHkkx ds iz/kku vf/kdkfj;ks a dks laxzgky; ds iz/kku vf/kdkjh] vius&vius foHkkx ;k laxzgky; ds lEcU/k ea]s /kkjk 60 dh “kfDr dk izR;k;kstu mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼³½ ds v/khu “kfDr dk iz;ksx djsaxs vkSj bl /kkjk ds v/khu iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds dh xbZ fdlh ckr ds lEcU/k ea s ;g le>k tk;xs k fd og vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh }kjk dh xbZ dksbZ ckr ;k iz;qDr “kfDr gSAÀ2 61&& ¼1½ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh }kjk /kkjk 60 vFkok /kkjk dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh ds 60&d }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds fn, x, fdlh vkns”k ds fo:) uxjikfydk dks vkns”k ds fo:) vihy djus dk vf/kdkj vihy u dh tk ldsxh] tc rd fd && ¼d½ og vkns”k ,slk vkns”k u gks] ftlds lEcU/k eas vuqlwph 2 ds r`rh; LrEHk ea s dksbZ izfo’V nf’kZr dh xbZ gks vkSj ,slh izfof’V;ka ;k /kkjk 297 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s [k.M ¼M½ d s v/khu cuk, x, fofu;e }kjk “kwU; u gqbZ gks vkSj izo`Ÿk gks( ;k ¼[k½ og vkns”k fdlh ykblsUl ds lEcU/k ea s fn;k x;k vkns”k gks vkSj fdlh mifof/k }kjk mlds fo:) vihy djus dk miyC/k fd;k x;k gksA ¼2½ tgka vihy dh tk ldrh gks] ogka mDr vkns”k dh lalwpuk ds ;k ftl fnukad dks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu mDr vkns”k lalwfpr fd;k x;k le>k tk;] ml fnukad ds nl fnu ds Hkhrj og nkf[ky dh tk;xs hA ¼3½ tc ,slh vof/k ds Hkhrj vihy nkf[ky dh tk;] rks vihy ds fofu”p; gksus rd mDr vkns”k fuyfEcr jgsxkA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 5 o’kZ 1932 }kjk tksM+k x;kA 2- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 48 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 62&65À 62&& ø¼1½ v/;{k dh eatwjh] dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh lk fo”ks’k vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k vkns”k ij] uxjikfydk ds fdlh lsod dks bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu mls iznŸk LokLF; vf/kdkjh }kjk “kfDr dk izR;k;kstu “kfDr dk] tks /kkjk 60 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼p½ ds v/khu mls izR;k;kfstr “kfDr ls fHkUu gks] iz;ksx vius fu;a=.k ds v/khu djus d s fy, l”kDr dj ldrk gSAÀ1 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh }kjk fn, x, vkns”k ea s fdlh “kfDr ds iz;ksx ds lEcU/k eas] dksbZ “krZ fofgr dh tk ldrh gS vkSj dksbZ fucZU/ku vf/kjksfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu iznŸk “kfDr dk Ikz;ksx djds uxjikfydk ds lsod }kjk fn;k x;k dksbZ vkns”k] ;FkkfLFkfr] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh] ;FkkfLFkfr }kjk fo[kf.Mr ;k iqujhf{kr fd;k tk ldsxkA 63&& ¼1½ v/;{k ;k uxjikfydk ;k uxjikfydk dh dksbZ lfefr vf/k”kklh v/;{k ;k uxjikfydk vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh ls fuEufyf[kr dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS %& ;k lfefr dks] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ls fjiksVZ vkfn ¼d½ uxjikfydk iz”kklu dh ml “kk[kk ls ftlls og lEc) gks] dh vis{kk djus dh “kfDr lEcfU/kr fdlh fo’k; ds ckjs ea s dksbZ fooj.kh] dFku] izkDdyu] vkadMs + ;k vU; lwpuk( ¼[k½ fdlh ,sls ekey s eas fjiksVZ ;k Li’Vhdj.k( vkSj ¼x½ fdlh ,sls vfHkys[k] i= O;ogkj ;k ;kstuk ;k vU; nLrkost dh izfrfyfi] tks dk;iZ kyd vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh dh gSfl;r ls mlds dCts ea s ;k fu;a=.k ea s gks ;k tks mlds dk;kyZ ; ea s ;k mlds fdlh v/khuLFk lsod d s dk;kyZ ; eas vfHkfyf[kr ;k nkf[ky dh xbZ gksA ¼2½ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fd, x, izR;sd vf/k;kpu dks fcuk vuqfpr foyEc ds iwjk djsxkA 64&& vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh] y[s kk vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh] v/;{k ;k vuqKk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k ls ;k uxjikfydk vFkok lfefr dh fdlh cSBd ea s bl fufeŸk ikfjr ladYi ds vk/kkj ij] LokLF; vf/kdkjh dk cgl ea s Hkkx ysus dk fdlh ,sls fo’k; ds lEcU/k ea s ftl ij cgl py jgh gks] dksbZ Li’Vhdj.k ns ldrk gS vf/kdkj fdUrq og ,slh cSBd ea s dksbZ er u nsxk ;k dksbZ izLrko ugha djsxkA 65&& ;fn dksbZ uxjikfydk] tks /kkjk 37 ;k /kkjk 59&d ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj dh fu;qfDr djus ds fy, ck/; gks] ,sls le; ds Hkhrj ftls jkT; ljdkj mfpr le>s] fu;qDr vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks fu;qfDr djus dh “kfDRk djus ø***À2 es a vlQy jgs rks jkT; ljdkj Lo;a fu;qfDr dj ldrh gS vkSj ,slh fu;qfDr ds lEcU/k ea s osru] Hkfo’; fuf/k ;k isU”ku ea s va”knku vkSj vU; “krZ fuf”pr dj ldrh gS % ijUrq ;fn jkT; ljdkj us bl /kkjk }kjk mls iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds dksbZ fu;qfDr dh gks rks uxjikfydk bl izdkj fu;qDr fd, x, O;fDr ds osru NqV~Vh ds HkŸks vkSj va”knku ds fy, rhu yk[k ;k mlls vf/kd vk; okyh uxjikfydkvks a dh n”kk ea s 1]000 #i;s ls ;k vU; uxjikfydkvks a dh n”kk ea s 500 #i;s ls vf/kd ekfld vkSlr /kujkf”k nsus d s fy, ck/; u gksxkA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr vf/kfu;e }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 49 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 66&68À 66&& ø¼1½À ¿izR;sd uxjikfydk] ftles a dksbZ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ugha gS] fo”ks’k Lkfpo dh fu;qfDr ladYi }kjk ,d ;k ,d ls s vf/kd lfpo fu;qDr djsxhAÀ3 ø¼2½ ,slh izR;sd fu;qfDr fofgr izkf/kdkjh ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ds v/khu gksxh vkSj bl izdkj fu;qDr fd, x, O;fDr ds osru vkSj lsok dh vU; “krsa Z ,slh gksxa h] tks fofgr dh tk;asAÀ1 ø66&d&& ¼1½ /kkjk 66 ds v/khu fu;qDr fd, x, lfpo ds in ij NqV~Vh dh LFkkukiUu lfpo dh vuqifLFkfr ea s ;k vU; vLFkk;h fjDr ea]s ;fn ,slh NqV~Vh ;k fjfDr dh vof/k nks ekl ls fu;qfDr vf/kd u gks] v/;{k fdlh O;fDr dks lfpo ds in ij dk; Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr dj ldrk gS vkSj ;fn mDr vof/k nks ekl ls vf/kd gks rks uxjikfydk /kkjk 66 ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj fu;qfDr djsxkA ¼2½ tc ,slh fjfDr dh vof/k] ftlea s mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds izFke Hkkx ds v/khu fu;qfDr dh x;h gks] ckn ea s vuosf{kr ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds dkj.k nks ekl ls vf/kd c<+kbZ tk; rks v/;{k }kjk dh xbZ fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu cuh jgsxhA ¼3½ bl izdkj fu;qDr fd;k x;k izR;sd O;fDr] ml O;fDr dks ftlds LFkku ij og dk; Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS] bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer ds }kjk ;k v/khu iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx ;k vf/kjksfir drZO; dk ikyu djsxkA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fu;qDr fd, x, O;fDr dk osru vkSj lsok dh vU; “krsaZ ogh gksxh] tks fofgr dh tk;sAa À2 67&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk] ,sls fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk] ftls uxjikfydk dks xfBr djus Lkfpo dks n.M nsuk vkSj okys de ls de nks frgkbZ lnL;ks a dk leFkuZ izkIr gks] /kkjk 66 ;k /kkjk 66&d ds v/khu inP;qr djuk fu;qDr fd, x, fdlh lfpo dks inP;qr dj ldrh gS] in ls gVk ldrh gS ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr dj ldrh gS fdUrq mls ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls tks fofgr dh tk;] vihy djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk % ijUrq uxjikfydk] lfpo dks inP;qr djus] in ls gVkus ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr djus ea s ml izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k djsxh] tks bl fufeŸk fofgr dh tk;A 68&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk fo”ks’k ldaYi }kjk vius izkfof/kd foHkkxks a ds eq[; izkfof/kd foHkkxks a ds fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh tSls flfoy vfHk;ra k] lgk;d flfoy vfHk;ra k] fo|qr vfHk;ra k] lgk;d fo|qr vf/kdkfj;ks a dh fu;qfDRk vfHk;ra k] ty&dy vfHk;ra k] lgk;d ty&dy vfHk;ra k] fo|qr ,oa tydy vfHk;ra k] lgk;d fo|qr ,oa ty&dy vfHk;ra k ;k vksojfl;j rFkk tgka igy s ls dksbZ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh gks] lfpo dh fu;qfDr dj ldrk gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh tkus ij djsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ls mfYyf[kr fdlh vf/kdkjh ds NqV~Vh ij vuqifLFkfr jgus ea s ;k vU; vLFkk;h fjfDr ea]s ;fn ,slh NqV~Vh ;k fjfDr dh vof/k nks ekl ls vf/kd u gks] v/;{k ,sls in ij dk; Z djus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks fu;qDr dj ldrk gSA ;fn mDr vof/k nks ekl ls vf/kd dh gks rks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj uxjikfydk }kjk fu;qfDr dh tk;xs hA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk iqulaZ[a;kafdr rFkk c<+k;k x;kA 2- mi;qZDr /kkjk }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 123 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 50 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 68d&69dÀ ¼3½ tc ,slh fjfDr dh vof/k] ftlea s mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds izFke Hkkx ds v/khu fu;qfDr dh xbZ gks] ckn ea s vuosf{kr ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds dkj.k nks ekl ls vf/kd ds fy, c<+k;h tk; s rks v/;{k }kjk dh xbZ fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu cuh jgsxhA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fu;qDr izR;sd O;fDr] ftlds LFkku ij og dk; Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS] bl ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fer }kjk ;k ds v/khu iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx ;k vf/kjksfir drZO; dk ikyu djsxkA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds f}rh; [k.M ds v/khu dh xbZ izR;sd fu;qfDr jkT; ljdkj ds iwoZ&vuqeksnu ds v/khu gksxhA ¼6½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu fu;qDr fd, x, O;fDr dk osru vkSj lsok dh vU; “krZ ogh gksxh] tks fofgr dh tk;sAa ø68&d&& ;q)] nqfHkZ{k] vdky] euq’; ;k Ik”kq dh egkekjh] ck<+ ;k blh izdkj vkikr fLFkfr ea s lsodks a ds fdlh vikrfLFkfr ds gksus ij vkSj gkV] esy s ;k vU; voljks a ij tgka ij fo”kky fy, jkT; ljdkj }kjk dh xbZ v/;qis{kk dk tu&lewg ,d gksrk gS] uxjikfydk jkT; ljdkj }kjk ;k v/;is{kk djus ds fy, lkekU; uxjikfydk }kjk ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k ls izkf/kdr` ljdkj ds fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk uxjikfydk ds ,sls vf/kdkjh vuqikyu ;k deZpkjh dh lsokvks a ds fy, tks s mlds fpfdRlk] tu&LokLF;] LoPNrk] Vhdk Ik”kq fpfdRlk] fo|qr] ty&dy ;k lkoZtfudh fuekZ.k foHkkx ea s dksbZ in /kkj.k djrk gks] uxjikfydk }kjk lsok;ksftr fdlh oS| ;k gdhe ds lsokvks a ds fy, dh xbZ fdlh v/;is{kk dk rqjUr vuqikyu djsxk vkSj v/;is{kk djus ls lEcfU/kr izHkkj dks ,sls vuqikr ea s iwjk djsxk] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj uxjikfydk ij mfpr izHkkj fofuf”pr djsAÀ1 69&& ø¼1½ uxjikfydk] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr djus] gVkus ;k vU; n.M /kkjk 68 ds v/khu fu;qDr nsus ds lEcU/k ea s /kkjk 58 ea s micfU/kr “krksa Z ds v/khu jgrs gq, fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk] /kkjk 68 vf/kdkfj;ks a dks n.M fn;k tkuk rFkk mudk inP;qr ;k /kkjk 57 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds ijUrqd ds v/khu fu;qDr fdlh vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr dj fd;k tkuk ldrh gS] lsok ls gVk ldrh gS ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr dj ldrh gSAÀ2 ¼2½ ø***À3 ø69&d&& ¼1½ ;fn v/;{k dks ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd vf/k”kklh v/;{k }kjk vf/kdkfj;ks a ds vf/kdkjh ;k lfpo ;k /kkjk 68 vFkok /kkjk 57 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds ijUrqd ds v/khu fu;qDr fo:) vkjksi rS;kj fd;k tkuk ;k mudk fuyEcu uxjikfydk dk dksbZ vU; vf/kdkjh Hkz’V gS ;k vius drZO;ks a dk ikyu djus ea s fujUrj pwd djrk gS ;k vU;Fkk vR;kpkj dk nks’kh gS rks og mlds fo:) vkjksi fojfpr dj ldrk gS vkSj ;fn mldk ;g lek/kku gks tk; fd ,slk djuk vko”;d gS rks ,sls dkj.kks a ls] tks vfHkfyf[kr fd;s tk;asxs] tkap dh lekfIr rd øvkSj mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu] ;FkkfLFkfr fofgr izkf/kdkjh ;k uxjikfydk }kjk vfUre vkns”k fn, tkus rdÀ2 mls fuyfEcr dj ldrk gSA ø¼2½ tc dHkh v/;{k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dk;oZ kgh djs rks ,d lIrkg ds Hkhrj fofgr izkf/kdkjh dks lwfpr djsxk vkSj mls vkjksiksa dh ,d izfrfyfi Hkh Hkstsxk vkSj ;fn fuyEcu dk vkns”k ns fn;k x;k gks rks v/;{k vkjksiks a dh vk/kkj lkexzh Hkh fofgr izkf/kdkjh dks HkstsxkAÀ2 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1954 }kjk tksM+k x;kA 2- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr /kkjk }kjk fujflrA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 51 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ7 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 69&[kÀ ø¼2&d½ mi/kkjk ¼d½ ds v/khu fuyEcu dk vkns”k fdlh Hkh le; fofgr izkf/kdkjh }kjk lag`r ;k ifj’d`r fd;k tk ldsxkAÀ2 ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu tkap ,slh jhfr ls dh tk;xs h] tks fu;eks a }kjk fofgr dh tk;AÀ1 ø¼4½ tkap lekIr gksus ds Ik”pkr~ v/;{k vfHkys[k dks viuh laLrqfr ds lkFk fofgr izkf/kdkjh ;k uxjikfydk dks tSlk fd og mfpr le>s] izLrqr djsxkA rnqifj] ;FkkfLFkfr] fofgr izkf/kdkjh ;k uxjikfydk /kkjk 56 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k /kkjk 67] /kkjk 69 ea s fdlh vU; ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fjiksVZ ij fopkj djsxk vkSj ,slh vUrfje tkap ds Ik”pkr~] ftls og vko”;d le>s] ;FkkfLFkfr] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k lfpo ;k vU; vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr dj ldsxk] lsok ls gVk ldsxk ;k vU;Fkk n.M ns ldsxk ;k nks’keDq r dj ldsxk % ijUrq bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu uxjikfydk fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk dk; Z djsxh] ftldk leFkuZ uxjikfydk ds la?kVd lnL;ks a ds nks frgkbZ ls de }kjk u fd;k x;k gksA ¼5½ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu fofgr izkf/kdkjh ;k uxjikfydk }kjk ikfjr inP;qr fd, tkus] gVk, tkus ;k vU; n.M ds vkns”k ds fo:) vihy ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls tk s fofgr dh tk;]s jkT; ljdkj dks dh tk;sxhAÀ2 69&[k&& ø¼1½ /kkjk 57] 59] 65 ls 68] 69] 69&d] 71] 74] 79 vkSj 80 ea s fdlh Ukxjikfydk vf/kdkfj;ks a ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jkT; ljdkj fdlh Hkh le; ,sls vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa dh ftUgas og rFkk lsodks a dh lsokvks a dk dsUnzh;dj.k djuk mi;qDr le>s] ,d ;k vf/kd ,slh lsok,a l`ftr djus ds fy, fu;eks a }kjk O;oLFkk dj ldrh gS] tks jkT; ea s lHkh ;k dqN øuxj iapk;rks a ;k uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ;k uxj iapk;rks]a uxjikfydk ifj’knks]a uxj fuxeks a ;k ty lLFkkuksÀa 5 ds fy, lkekU; gks vkSj fdlh ,slh lsok ea s HkrhZ djus dh jhfr vkSj mleas vkSj fu;qDr O;fDr;ks a dh lsok dh “krsa Z fofgr dj ldrh gSAÀ4 ¿LIk’Vhdj.k&& bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, ;g Li’V fd;k tkrk gS fd jkT; ds dqek;w a vkSj x<+oky e.Myksa ds ftykas eas uxj iapk;rks a vkSj uxjikfydk ifj’knks a ;k uxj iapk;rks]a uxjikfydk ifj’knks]a uxj fuxeks a vkSj ty laLFkkuks a ds fy, lkekU; lsok,a l`ftr dh tk ldrh gSAÀ6 ¼2½ tc dksbZ ,slh lsok l`ftr dh tk; s rks lsok eas lfEefyr inks a ij dke djus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj lsodksa dks ;fn os mi;qDr ik;s tk;s]a fofgr jhfr ls lekIr gks tk;sxa h% øijUrq lsok ea s ,sls vkesyu ls lsok ds fdlh lnL; ds fo:) ,sls vkesyu ds fnukad ds iwoZ fd;s x;s dk; Z ds lEcU/k ea s dksbZ vuq’kklu dh dk;oZ kgh djus ;k tkjh j[kus ea s dksbZ #dkoV u gksxhAÀ3 ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ds micU/kks a dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk ,sls fu;eks a ea]s mDr mi/kkjkvks a ea s vfHkfnZ’V fdUgha fo’k;ks a ds lEcU/k eas jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx ls ijke”kZ djus dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gSA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 15 o’kZ 1983 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 6¼d½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 5 o’kZ 1984 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 9 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 124¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 124 ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 7- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 52 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 70&73À ø¼4½ iwoZorhZ mi/kkjk ¼1½] ¼2½ vkSj ¼4½ ea s ;k vf/kfu;e ds fdlh vU; micU/k ea s fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jkT; ljdkj fofgr fnukad ds iwoZ dh xbZ vLFkk;h vkSj rnFk Z fu;qfDr;ks a dks jkT; yksd lsok vk;kxs ls ijke”kZ fd;s fcuk fofu;fer djus ds fy, Hkh fu;eks a }kjk micU/k dj ldrh gSAÀ3 70&& vkikrfLFkfr ea s vLFkk;h lsodksa dh fu;qfDr djus vkSj muds osru fuf”Pkr vkikrfLFkfr ds fy, djus dh “kfDr fuEufyf[kr “krksa Z d s v/khu jgrs gq, v/;{k ,slh “kfDr ds iz;ksx ea s && visf{kr vLFkk;h lsod ø¼d½ v/;{k ,slh “kfDr ds iz;ksx es a && ¼,d½ fdlh ,sls lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k funs”k dk] ftls jkT; ljdkj le;&le; ij tkjh djs( ¼nks½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ5 ds ,sls fdlh vkns”k dk] ftlds }kjk fdlh fof”k’V dk;Z ds fy, vLFkk;h lsodks a dks lsok;ksftr djus dk izfr’ks/k fd;k x;k gks( mYya?ku djrs gq, dk; Z u djsxk( vkSjÀ4 ¼[k½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu v/;{k }kjk dh xbZ izR;sd fu;qfDr dh fjiksVZ ,slh fu;qfDr ds Ik”pkr~ gksus okys uxjikfydk dh vxyh cSBd ea s nh tk;xs hA 71&& /kkjk 57] 66] 68 vkSj 70 }kjk fd, x, micU/kks a dks NksM+dj rFkk jkT; Ukxjikfydk dh LFkk;h ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij tkjh fd, x, fdlh lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k funs”k ds v/khu jgrs deZpkjh oxZ vo/kkfjr gq,] ¿uxjikfydkÀ5 øfo”ks’kÀ1 ladYi }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr dj ldrk gS fd uxjikfydk ds djus dh “kfDr drZO;ks a ds fy, fdrus lsod visf{kr gksxa s øvkSj mudh vgZrk,a vkSj lsok dh “krsa Z D;k gksxa hAÀ1 72&& bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, ;FkkfLFkfr] Iknks a dk la”kks/ku uxjikfydk v/;{k ;k vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh fdlh ,d O;fDr dh fdUgha nks ;k nks ls vf/kd inks a ds drZO;ks a ds fuoZgu ds fy, fu;qfDr dj ldrk gSA 73&& ø¼1½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ5 d s f”k{k.k vf/k’Bku ea s lsodks a f”k{k.k vf/k’Bku ea s O;fDr;ks a dh fu;qfDr ,sls izkf/kdkjh }kjk dh tk;xs h] ftls jkT; ljdkj dh fu;qfDr vkfn bl fufeŸk fofufnZ’V djs vkSj vf/k’Bku ds fHkUu&fHkUu oxksZa ds inks a ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu izkf/kdkjh fofufnZ’V fd;s tk ldrs gSa % øijUrq fdlh laLFkk ds iz/kku ;k v/;kid dh fu;qfDr ;FkkfLFkfr] mŸkj izns”k jkT; fo”ofo|ky; vf/kfu;e] 1973 ;k b.VjehfM,V f”k{kk vf/kfu;e] 1921 ds micU/kks a }kjk fu;af=r gksxhAÀ2 ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj øuxjikfydkÀ5 ds “kS{kf.kd LFkkiuk ea s fu;qDr O;fDr gsrq fu;qfDr] n.M ø***À1 vihy ,oa los k “krksa Z d s laca/k ea s fu;e fofu;fer dj ldrh gSA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k rFkk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 8 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 15 o’kZ 1983 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 6¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 7 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 53 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 74&77dÀ ¿74&& /kkjk 57 ls 73 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vdsUnzhf;r lsokvks a ea s ftu LFkk;h ofj’B deZpkjh oxZ inks a dk osrueku fyfid deZpkjh oxZ dks vuqeU; fuEure osrueku ds cjkcj ;k mlls dh fu;qfDr vkSj inP;qfr vf/kd gks] mu ij v/;{k }kjk lsodksa dh fu;qfDr fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mUgas inP;qr fd;k tk ldrk gS] gVk;k tk ldrk gS ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k ifjoh{kk/khu O;fDr dh lsok lekIr dh tk ldrh gS fdUrq fdlh ifjoh{kk/khu O;fDr dh lsok lekfIr ds ekey s ds flok; vU; ekeyksa ea s ,sls izkf/kdkjh ds le{k] ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls] tks fofgr dh tk;] vihy djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk % ijUrq dj v/kh{kd] lgk;d dj v/kh{kd] fujh{kd] iz/kku fyfid] vuqHkkxh; iz/kku fyfid] vuqHkkxh; ys[kkdkj] MkDVj] oS/k] gdhe vkSj uxjikfydk ds vfXu”keu dsUnzkf/kdkjh ds inks a ij fu;qfDr;ka uxjikfydk ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu gksxa hAÀ1 ø75&& tSlk vU;Fkk micfU/kr gS] mlds flok; vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh /kkjk 74 ea s LFkk;h voj deZpkjh oxZ fufnZ’V fuEure osrueku ls U;wu osrueku ikus okys lsodksa dks fu;qDr djsxk % dh fu;qfDRk ijUrq vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh u gksus dh fLFkfr ea s mDr fu;qfDr;ka v/;{k }kjk dh tk;asxhAÀ2 76&& vU;Fkk fd, x, micU/k ds flok; vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj tgka dksbZ LFkk;h voj oxZ ds vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh u gks rks v/;{k ø/kkjk 75 eas fufnZ’V uxjikfydk ds lsodksaÀ3 dks deZpkjh oxZ dks n.M fn;k tkuk vkSj mudks inP;qr dj ldrk gS] lsok ls gVk ldrk gS] vU;Fkk nf.Mr dj ldrk gS ;k ifjoh{kk/khu inP;qr fd;k tkuk lsodksa dh lsok,a lekIr dj ldrk gS] fdUrq ifjoh{kk/khu lsod dh lsok lekfIr ds ekey s dks NksM+dj vU; ekey s ea s mUgas ,sls izkf/kdkjh dks ,sls le; ds Hkhrj vkSj ,slh jhfr ls vihy djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk] tks fofgr dh tk;As 77&& ¼1½ /kkjk 71] 73] 74] 75 vkSj 76 ds micU/k fuEufyf[kr micU/kks a ds v/khu /kkjk 71 ls 76 rd ds gksxa s & }kjk iznŸk “kfDr;ks a dk ifjlheu ¼d½ /kkjk 78( vkSj ¼[k½ dksbZ fu;e] fo”ks’k :Ik ls ,slk fu;e ftles a inks a ij ;k fdlh ,sls in fo”ks’k ij] ftlea s o`fŸkd dkS”ky visf{kr gks]a O;fDr;ks a dh fu;qfDr ds lEcU/k ea s vkSj bl izdkj fu;qDr fd, x, O;fDr;ks a dks fuyfEcr djus ;k inP;qr djus] lsok ls gVkus ;k vU; n.M nsus ;k lsokeqDr djus ;k mldh lsok lekIr djus dh ‘krsa Z vf/kjksfir dh x;h gksAa ¼2½ /kkjk 74] 75 vkSj 76 ds micU/k Hkh fdlh ,sls fofu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu gksxa s] ftuls deZpkjh oxZ ds lEcU/k ea s uxjikfydk] v/;{k vkSj vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dh lEcfU/kr “kfDr ds izfr funs”Z k ea s mi/kkjkvks a ea s fufgr fdlh vf/kdre ;k U;uw re ekfld osru ea s o`f) dh tk;As ø77&d && inP;qr djus] lsok ls gVk, tkus ;k vU; n.M fn, tkus ds fo:) vuq”kklfud ekeyks a ea s bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;ekoyh ds v/khu ftl vihy izkf/kdkjh dks vihy dh tk;] og && vihy izkf/kdkjh dh “kfDr ¼d½ “kkfLr dks vikLr] de ;k iq’V dj ldrk gS( ;k ¼[k½ ekey s dks ml izkf/kdkjh dks] ftlus “kfDr vf/kjksfir dh gks] ,sls funs”k ds lkFk ftls og mfpr le>s] izsf’kr dj ldrk gSA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 15 o’kZ 1983 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 8 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 9 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 10 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 54 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 77[k&78À ¿77&[k&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsodksa dks nf.Mr djus ds fy, fuyEcu dh “kfDr l{ke izkf/kdkjh mls fuyfEcr dj ldrk gS & ¼d½ tgka mlds fo:) dksbZ vuq”kklfud dk;oZ kgh vuq/;kr ;k yfEcr gks( ;k ¼[k½ tc mlds fo:) uSfrd v/kerk ds lEcU/k ea s fdlh vkijkf/kd ekeys dk vUos’k.k] tkap ;k fopkj.k fd;k tk jgk gksA ¼2½ tgka uxjikfydk ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ij vf/kjksfir inP;qr ;k lsok ls gVk, tkus dh “kfDr bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;ekoyh ds v/khu fdlh vihy ea s vikLr dj nh tk; s rks vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks inP;qr ;k lsok ls gVk, tkus ds ewy vkns”k ds fnukad ls fuyfEcr ;k fuyfEcr pyk vk jgk le>k tk;xs kA ¼3½ tc uxjikfydk ds fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ij vf/kjksfir inP;qfr ;k lsok ls gVk, tkus dh “kfDr fdlh fof/k U;k;ky; ds fofu”p; ds QyLOk:Ik ;k mlds }kjk vikLr dj nh tk; ;k “kwU; ?kksf’kr dj nh tk; ;k gks tk; s vkSj n.M nsus okyk izkf/kdkjh ekeys dh ifjfLFkfr;ks a ij fopkj djus ij mlds fo:) ,sls vfHkdFku dks] ftu ij inP;qfr ;k lsok ls gVk, tkus dh “kkfLr ewy :Ik ls vf/kjksfir dh xbZ Fkh] vxzsŸkj tkap djus dk fofu’p; djs rks vf/kdkjh ;k lsod inP;qr ;k lsok ls gVk, tkus ds ewy vkns”k ds fnukad ls n.M nsus okys izkf/kdkjh }kjk fuyfEcr ;k fufEcr pyk vk jgk le>k tk;xs kA ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu fn;k x;k ;k fn;k x;k le>k x;k fuyEcu dk dksbZ vkns”k ml izkf/kdkjh }kjk ftlds lkFk mDr vkns”k fn;k x;k gks ;k ftlds }kjk vkns”k fn;k x;k le>k tk; vFkok vihy izkf/kdkjh }kjk fdlh Hkh le; izfrlag`r fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼5½ uxjikfydk fdlh fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk ftldk de ls de nks&frgkbZ ,sls lnL;ks a ea s ftuls uxjikfydk xfBr gqvk gS] leFkZu fd;k gks] bl /kkjk ds v/khu dk; Z djsxhA ¼6½ dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k lsod] ftls fuyfEcr fd;k x;k ;k j[kk x;k le>k tk;] ,sls fuyEcu dh vof/k ea s osru ds ctk; ,slk thou fuokZg HkŸkk ikus dk gdnkj gksxk] tks fofgr fd;k tk;As À1 dfri; lsodks a ds lEcU/k ea s fo”k’sk micU/k 78&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk fdlh ,sls lsod dh isU”ku vkSj NqV~Vh ds HkŸkk ea s va”knku Ukxjikfydk }kjk djsxh && fu;ksftr ljdkj ds lsodks a ;k ljdkj }kjk ¼d½ ftldh lsok,a ljdkj }kjk uxjikfydk dks m/kkj nh xbZ gks ;k fu;ksftr uxjikfydk ds LFkkukUrfjr dh x;h gks( ;k lsodks a dk isU”ku vkSj mudh inP;qfr ¼[k½ ftldh lsok,a uxjikfydk }kjk ljdkj dks m/kkj nh xbZ gks ;k LFkkukUrfjr dh xbZ gks( ;k ¼x½ tks va”kr% ljdkj }kjk va”kr% uxjikfydk }kjk fu;ksftr fd;k x;k gksA ¼2½ ,slk va”knku ml ifj.kke rd fd;k tk;xs k] tks lEcfU/kr ljdkj }kjk cuk, x, fdUgha lkekU; fu;eks a ;k fo”ks’k vkns”kks a }kjk fofgr fd;k x;k gksA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 55 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 79&81À ¼3½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1] ljdkj dh vuqefr ds fcuk] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ;k ¼x½ ea s of.kZr fdlh lsod dh lekIr ugha djsxh ;k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ es a of.kZr fdlh lsod dks viuh lsok ls vfUre :Ik ls inP;qr ugha djsxh] tc rd fd mlus ljdkj dks bl lEcU/k es a de ls de N% ekl dk uksfVl u ns fn;k gksA ¼4½ bl /kkjk eas ^ljdkj* dk rkRi;Z dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k fdlh jkT; ljdkj ls gksxkA 79&& ¼1½ izR;sd ekeyas eas] ftlea s ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks NqV~Vh HkŸkk] Hkfo’; fuf/k] osru nsus dk gdnkj gks] og bl fufeŸk cuk, x, fofu;eks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, ,sls okf’kZd vkSj minku vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks NVq ~Vh HkŸkk nsus dh gdnkj gksxhA ¼2½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 Hkfo’; fuf/k LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vkSj mls cuk, j[k ldrh gS vkSj mlea s Lo;a va”knku dj ldrh gSA ¼3½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1] vius fdlh ,sls lsod dks] ftls Hkfo’; fuf/k ds ykHk mBkus ls viiftZr fd;k x;k gks] mlds lsokfuo`Ÿk gksus ij minku ns ldrh gSA ¼4½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohd`f`r ls] fuEufyf[kr ds fy, okf’kZd Lohdf`r dj ldrh gS ;k mlds d;z djus dk izcU/k dj ldrh gS & ¼d½ dksbZ lsod] tks viuh lsokfuo`fŸkd ds fnukad dks] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu LFkkfir Hkfo’; fuf/k ea s va”knku u dj jgk gks ;k] ftlus 10 o’kZ ls de dh vof/k rd mlea s va”knku fd;k gks( vkSj ¼[k½ dksbZ vf/kdkjh ;k lsod] ftls vius drZO; ds fu’iknu ea]s Lo;a vius gh O;frdze ls fHkUu fdlh dkj.k ls] {kfr gqbZ gks ;k tgka ,slh {kfr ds ifj.kke&Lo:Ik e`R;q gks tk; rks ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks dVq qEchA ¼5½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 blh izdkj Lohdf`r yds j mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/ku dk;oZ kgh djus ds ctk; mlea s fufnZ’V vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks ;k ,sls vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ds dqVqEch dks vuqdEik HkŸkk Lohdr` dj ldrh gSA 80&& /kkjk 79 ds micU/k bl “krZ ds v/khu gksxa s fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ1] jkT; iwoZorhZ /kkjk }kjk iznŸk ljdkj dh fo”ks’k Lohdf`r ds fcuk fdlh vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ;k mlds dqVqEch dks ml jkf”k “kfDr dh ifjlhek ls vf/kd isU”ku] okf’kZdh ;k minku Lohdr` ugha djsxh] ftldk fd og dsUnzh; ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k ds v/khu gdnkj gksrk] ;fn isU”ku] okf’kZdh ;k minku ds fy, vgZ lsok ml ljdkj ds v/khu] mrus gh le; ds fy,] mlh osru ij vkSj vU; n`f’Vdks.kks a ls mlh izdkj dh gksrhA lnL;ksa] vf/kdkfj;ks a rFkk lsodks a ds nkf;Ro ø81&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dk v/;{k] mik/;{k vkSj izR;sd lnL;] vf/kdkjh vkSj vf/kHkkj lsod ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh /ku ;k lEifŸk dh gkfu] nqO;Z;

rFkk nq#i;kstu ds fy, vf/kHkkj dk nsunkj gksxk] ;fn ,slh gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k nq#i;kstu ,sls v/;{k] mik/;{k] lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ds :Ik ea s dk; Z djrs gq, mldh vis{kk ;k vopkj ds izR;{k ifj.kkeLo:Ik gqvk gks % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 56 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 82À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k nq#i;kstu ds gksus ds 10 o’kZ dh lekfIr ds Ik”pkr~ ;k ml fnukad ls tc ,slk v/;{k] mik/;{k] lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod vius in ij u jg tk;]s ikap o’kZ dh lekIr ds Ik’pkr~] tks Hkh Ik”pkr~orhZ gks] ,slk nkf;Ro lekIr gks tk;xkA ¼2½ bl izdkj vkjksfir vf/kHkkj dh jkf”k bl izdkj olwy dh tk;xs h ekuks og Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k gks vkSj dyDS Vj] ;g lek/kku gks tkus ij fd mDr jkf”k ns; gS] mls cdk;k dh Hkkafr olwy djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxkA ¼3½ vf/kHkkj dh izfdz;k vkSj gkfu] nqO;Z; ;k nq#i;kstu ea s lfEefyr jkf”k dh olwyh ,slh gksxh] tSlh fofgr dh tk;As ¼4½ tgka vf/kHkkj dh dk;oZ kgh u dh tk;s] ogka uxjikfydk fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls ;k mlds }kjk funs”Z k fn, tkus ij] ,sls O;fDr ds fo:) izfrdj ds fy, okn lafLFkr dj ldrh gSAÀ2 82&& uxjikfydk ds ,sls lnL; ;k v/;{k ds ckjs ea s tks fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh Lakfonk vkfn ea s fgr fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk izR;{k ;k ijks{k :Ik ls Lo;a ;k vius Hkkxhnkj }kjk] fdlh lafonk vftZr djus oky s lnL; ;k v/;{k ij “kfLr ;k fu;kstu ea]s uxjikfydk ds lkFk] uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk ødksbZ va”k ;k fgr gS] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dkÀ1 tku cw>dj vftZr djrk gS ;k mls cuk, j[krk gS] ;g le>k tk;xs k fd mlus Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 168 ds v/khu vijk/k fd;k gS % ijUrq fdlh O;fDr ds ckjs ea s mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds iz;kstu ds fy, dsoy fuEufyf[kr dkj.kks a ls ;g u le>k tk;sxk fd mlus fdlh lafonk ;k fu;kstu ea s ødksbZ va”k ;k fgr gS] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dkÀ1 vftZr fd;k gS ;k mls cuk, j[kk gS & ¼d½ mldk Hkwfe ;k Hkou ds fdlh iV~Vs] fodz; ;k dz; eas ;k mlds fy, fdlh djkj ea s ødksbZ va”k ;k fgr gS] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk] ijUrq ,slk vkjksi ;k fgr pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dkÀ1 mlds lnL; gksus d s iwoZ vftZr fd;k x;k gks( ;k ¼[k½ mldh fdlh ,slh la;qDr LVkd dEiuh ea s va”k gS] tks uxjikfydk ds lkFk lafonk djsxh ;k uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk fofu;ksftr dh tk;xs h( ;k ¼x½ mldk fdlh ,sls lekpkj i= ea s va”k ;k fgr gS] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k vU; izdkj dk] ftlea s uxjikfydk ds dk;Z ds lEcU/k ea s foKkiu fn;k tkrk gS( ;k ¼?k½ mlds ikl _.ki= gS ;k og uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk fy, x, _.k ea s vU;Fkk fgr j[krk gS( ;k ¼³½ uxjikfydk }kjk mls fof/k O;olk;h ds :Ik es a jgus fn;k x;k gS( ;k ¼p½ mldk fdlh ,slh oLrq dk] ftlea s og uxjikfydk ls fu;fer :Ik ls ,sls ewY; rd O;kikj djrk gS] tks ,d o’kZ ea s ml jde ls vf/kd u gks] ftls uxjikfydk jkT; ljdkj dh Lohdf`r ls ml fufeŸk fuf”pr djsa] ;nkdnk fcdzh ea s va”k ;k fgr gS] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk( ;k ¼N½ og /kkjk 196 ¼x½ ;k /kkjk 229 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu uxjikfydk ds lkFk dh xbZ fdlh djkj dk ,d i{kdkj gSA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la[;k 41 o’kZ 1976 ds v/;k;&3 dh /kkjk 34 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 57 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 83&85À 83&& ¼1½ ,slk O;fDr] ftldk ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 lsod ls fHkUu O;fDr ds :Ik ea s Lakfonk vkfn ea s fgr izR;{k ;k ijks{k :Ik ls] Lo;a ;k vius Hkkxhnkj uxjikfydk ds lkFk] uxjikfydk }kjk ;k j[kus oky s lsodksa ds mlds fufeŸk fdlh lafonk ea s ;k uxjikfydk ds lkFk] ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds v/khu fo:) micU/k ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk fdlh lafonk ea s ;k uxjikfydk ds lkFk] uxjikfydk ds v/khu uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk fdlh fu;kstu ea s ødksbZ va”k ;k fgr gks] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dkÀ1 tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dk lsod gksus ds fy, vugZ gks tk;sxkA ¼2½ dksbZ uxjikfydk lsod] tks izR;{k ;k ijks{k :Ik ls ;k vius Hkkxhnkj }kjk fdlh ,sls lafonk ;k fu;kstu ea s ftldk mij mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] ødksbZ va”k ;k fgr] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dkÀ1 vftZr djsxk ;k mls cuk; s j[ksxk] uxjikfydk lsod u jg tk;xs k vkSj mldk in fjDr gks tk;sxkA ¼3½ fdlh ,sls uxjikfydk lsod ds ckjs ea]s tks ftl uxjikfydk dk og lsod gks ;k ml ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds lkFk] uxjikfydk ds v/khu uxjikfydk }kjk ;k muds fufeŸk fdlh lafonk ea s tgka rd uxjikfydk lsod ds :Ik ea s fu;kstu dk lEcU/k gS] mlds flok; fdlh fu;kstu ea s izR;{k ;k ijks{k :Ik ls ødksbZ va”k ;k fgr] pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k vU; izdkj dkÀ1 tkucw> dj vftZr djrk gS ;k mldks cuk;s j[krk gS] ;g le>k tk;xs k fd Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 168 ds v/khu vijk/k fd;k gSA ¼4½ bl /kkjk dh dksbZ Hkh ckr fdlh ,sls va”k ;k fgr ij pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds lkFk] uxjikfydk ds v/khu uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk fdlh lafonk ;k fu;kstu ea s gks] tSlk fd /kkjk 82 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds [k.M ¼[k½] ¼?k½ vkSj ¼N½ ea s fufnZ’V fd;k x;k gS ;k øfdlh ,sls va”k ;k fgr ij pkgs og /ku lEcU/kh gks ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dkÀ1 tks fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh vuqKk ls Hkwfe ;k Hkou ds fdlh iV~Vs] fcdzh ;k dze ea s ;k mlds fy, dh xbZ fdlh djkj ea s vftZr fd;k x;k gks ;k cuk; s j[kk gks] ykxw u gksxhA 84&& ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dk izR;sd vf/kdkjh ;k lsod Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk] 1860 Ukxjikfydk ds lHkh ¼1860 ds vf/kfu;e la[;k 45½ ds vFk Z ea s yksdlsod le>k tk;sxk vkSj mDr lafgrk dh vf/kdkjh vkSj lsod yksdlsod le>s tk;sxa s /kkjk 161 esa ^oS/k ikfjJfed dh ifjHkk’kk eas* “kCn ^ljdkj* ds vUrxZr bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, uxjikfydk lfEefyr le>k tk;xs kA 85&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk fu;ksftr lQkbZ deZpkjh tks && fofufnZ’V uxjikfydk lsodks a dks vius drZO;ks a ¼d½ flok; lsok dh fyf[kr “krksaZ ds vuqlkj ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dh vuqKk ds ikyu djus ea s pwafd ds] vius fu;kstu ls R;kx i= nsrk gS ;k mldk ifjR;kx djrk gS( ;k djus ds fy, “kkfLr ¼[k½ fcuk ,sls ;Fkksfpr dkj.k ds] ftldk lEHko gks] ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dks uksfVl ns fn;k x;k gks] vius drZO;ks a ls vuqifLFkr jgrk gS( nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij] dkjkokl ds n.M dk Hkkxh gksxk] tks nks ekl rd dk gks ldrk gSA ¼2½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh funs”k ns ldrk gS fd fdlh Hkkoh fofufnZ’V fnukad ls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/k ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk fu;ksftr fdlh ,sls vU; fofufnZ’V oxZ ds lsodksa ij Hkh ykxw gkxs h] ftuds dR` ;ks a dk yksd LokLF; ;k lqj{kk ls ?kfu’B lEcU/k gks % 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 124 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 58 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 86&87dÀ ijUrq fofgr izkf/kdkjh bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k nsrk gS rks og rRdky mldh ,d izfrfyfi vkns”k nsus ds vius dkj.kks a ds fooj.k lfgr] jkT; ljdkj dks Hkstsxk] tks rnqijkUr ml vkns”k dks fo[kf.Mr dj ldrh gS ;k ;g funs”k ns ldrh gS fd og mikUrj lfgr ;k mlds fcuk LFkkbZ :Ik ls ;k ,slh vof/k ds fy,] tks og mfpr le>s] izo`Ÿk jgsxkA v/;k; 3 uxjikfydk dh cSBds a vkSj mudh dk;Zokfg;ka 86&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dh de ls de ,d cSBd izfrekl ml fnu gksxh] tks Ukxjikfydk dh cSBdsa fofu;e }kjk fuf”pr dh tk, ;k ftlds ckjs ea s ml jhfr ls] ftldk fofu;e }kjk bl fufeŸk micU/k fd;k x;k gks] uksfVl fn;k tk,A ¼2½ v/;{k tc mfpr le>s] ,d cSBd cqyk ldrk gS vkSj uxjikfydk ds irs ij izkfIr Lohd`r dh vis{kk lfgr jftLVªh Mkd }kjk mlds dk;kyZ ; Hkstk x;k] ds iapek”k ls vU;uw lnL;ks a ds fyf[kr vf/k;kpu ij] tks v/;{k ij rkehy fd;k tk; s ;k uxjikfydk gks] ,sls vf/k;kpu dks rkehy ;k izkfIr ds fnukad ls ø15 fnuÀ1 dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ,d cSBd cqyk,xk % ¿ijUrq v/;{k ,slk uksfVl nsdj mldh O;oLFkk bl fufeŸk fofu;e }kjk dh x;h gks] mijksDr :Ik ls lnL;ks a ds vf/k;kpu ij cqykbZ xbZ cSBd ls fHkUu fdlh cSBd dks] vfHkfyf[kr fd;s x;s dkj.kks a ls] LFkfxr dj ldrk gSAÀ1 ¼3½ cSBd vxy s fnu ;k fdlh Ik”pkr~orhZ fnu ds fy, LFkfxr dh tk ldrh gS vkSj dksbZ LFkfxr cSBd mlh jhfr ls vxzsŸkj LFkfxr dh tk ldrh gSA ¼4½ izR;sd cSBd uxjikfydk ds dk;kyZ ; ea s ø;fn dksbZ gksÀ1 ;k ,sls vU; lqfo/kktud LFkku ij] ftuds ckjs ea s lE;d :Ik ls uksfVl ns fn;k x;k gks] dh tk;sxhA ø¼5½ v/;{k ml lnL; ds uke dh lwpuk ftyk eftLVsªV dks nsxk] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ls Lohdf`r izkIr fd;s fcuk ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dh cSBdks a ls yxkrkj rhu ekl rd vFkok yxkrkj rhu cSBdks a eas] tks Hkh vof/k nh?kZ gks] vuqifLFkr jgk gksAÀ1 87&& fofu;e }kjk bl fufeŸk cuk, x, fdlh izfrdwy micU/k ds v/khu jgrs cSBdks a ea s dk;Z lEiknu gq,] fdlh cSBd ea s dksbZ Hkh dk; Z fd;k tk ldrk gS % ijUrq dksbZ ,slk dk;]Z tks fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk fd;k tkuk visf{kr gks] rHkh fd;k tk;xs k tc rd fd ,slk dk; Z djus d s vfHkizk; dh uksfVl u ns nh x;h gks % ijUrq ;g Hkh fd bl /kkjk dh dksbZ ckr ,sls izLrko ij ykxw ugha gksxh fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ2] v/;{k ds izfr vfo”okl izdV djus dk ladYi vaxhdkj djs ;k ,sls izLrko ij fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 v/;{k ls in R;kx dks ekax djus ;k ladYi vaxhdkj djsA 87&d&& ¿***À4 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0 iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 11 o’kZ 2005 dh /kkjk 5 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 59 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 88&92À 88&& ¼1½ ,sls dk;Z] ftls fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk fd;k tkuk visf{kr gS] ls fHkUu x.kiwfrZ fdlh dk; Z dks djus ds fy, ;g vko”;d gksxk fd rRle; ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds lnL;ks a dh dqy l[a ;k ds de ls de ,d frgkbZ lnL; mifLFkr gksA ¼2½ fdlh ,sls dk; Z dks djus ds fy,] ftls fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk fd;k tkuk visf{kr gS] ;g vko”;d gksxk fd ,sls lnL;ks a ds de ls de vk/ks lnL; mifLFkr gks % ijUrq ;g fd ;fn fdlh cSBd ea s fofgr x.kiwfrZ ds vHkko ds dkj.k dk; Z LFkfxr djuk vko”;d gks tk; rks v/;{k ,slk dk; Z djus ds Ik”pkr~ tks fd;k tk ldrk] cSBd dks vU; fnukad ds fy, LFkfxr dj nsxk vkSj fofgr x.kiwfrZ ds vHkko ds dkj.k mDr LFkfxr dk; Z ,sls fnukad dks ;k cSBd dks fdlh Ik”pkrorhZ fnukad ds fy, vxzsŸkj LFkfxr fd;s tkus dh n”kk ea s ,sls Ik”pkr~orhZ fnukad ds fd;k tk;sxk] Hkys gh mlea s mifLFkr lnL;ks a dh la[;k ea s dksbZ deh gksA 89&& ;fn fdlh cSBd ea s u rks v/;{k mifLFkr gks vkSj u gh mik/;{k rks cSBd dk v/;{k mifLFkr lnL; vius ea s ls fdlh dks cSBd dk v/;{k fuokZfpr djsxa s vkSj ,slk v/;{k cSBd dh v/;{krk djrs le; cksMZ ds v/;{k ds lHkh drZO;ksa dk ikyu djsxk vkSj mldh lHkh “kfDr;ks a dk iz;ksx dj ldsxkA 90&& izR;sd cSBd tulk/kkj.k ds fy, [kyq h jgsxh] tc rd fd mlds v/;{k dk cSBd dk izpkj ;g fopkj u gks fd lEiw.kZ cSBd ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ls tu lk/kkj.k dks vioftZr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 91&& tgka ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dh cSBd ls dksbZ lnL; ;k vU; O;fDr v/;{k ds O;oLFkk cuk, j[kus ds fdlh ,sls funs”k dk ikyu djus ls badkj djrk gS] tks mlus fdlh dk;]Z ppkZ ;k fo’k; dks fy, cSBd ds v/;{k dh “kfDr fu;e fo:) ?kksf’kr djus ;k vU;Fkk lnL;ks a ds vkpj.k ;k dk; Z lapkyu dks fofu;fer djus ds fy, fn;k gks ;k tgka dksbZ lnL; ;k O;fDr tkucw>dj cSBd ea s fo?u Mkyrk gS rks v/;{k ml lnL; ;k O;fDr dks cSBd ls fudy tkus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gS vkSj mlds ,slk u djus ij mlds fo:) ,sls cy dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gS] tks mls cSBd ls gVkus ;k vioftZr djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, vko”;d gks ;k ftlds vko”;d gksus dk mls ln~HkkoiwoZd fo”okl gksA 92&& ¼1½ ,sls leLr iz”uks a dk] tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dh fdlh cSBd ea s mRiUUk gks ernku }kjk fofu”p; mldk fofuf”p;] mifLFkr rFkk ernku djus okys lnL;ks a ds cgqer ls fd;k tk;xs k % ¿izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka ø***À2 v/;{k dh ;g jk; gks fd fdlh iz”u ij ¼ftlds vUrxZr ctV ds r[kehus vkSj djko/kku ds izLrko Hkh gS½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dh cSBd ea s mifLFkr vkSj ernku djus okys lnL;ks a ds cgqer }kjk mldk fu.kZ; ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fgr ds fo:) gS rks og viuh fVIif.k;ka s lfgr mls funs”kd dks Hkst nsxk] tks jkT; ljdkj ds iwokZuqeksnu ls] ml ij ,slk fu.kZ; ys ldrk gS ¼tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fu.kZ; dk vfrdze.k ;k vkaf”kd ifj’dkj djrs gq, fy;k tk ldrk gS½ ftls og mfpr le>s vkSj mldk fu.kZ; ,sls izHkkoh gksxk ekuks og ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dk fu.kZ; gks % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 126 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 60 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 93&94À vxzÙkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd funs”kd viuk vfUre fu.kZ; nsus rd ,sls vUrfjr funs”k ns ldrk gS] ftUgas og mfpr le>s vkSj ,sls funs”k ,sls izHkkoh gksxa s ekuks a os uxjikfydk ds fu.kZ; gksAÀ1 ¼2½ erks a ds cjkcj gksus dh n”kk ea s cSBd ds v/;{k dk f}rh; ;k fu.kkZ;d er gksxkA ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/k /kkjk 94 dh mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds micU/kks a ds vkSj bl fufeŸk ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;e ds ;k mlds v/khu fdlh ,sls vU; micU/k ds] ftles a fdlh ladYi dk lnL;ks a ds fdlh vuqikr ;k la[;k }kjk leFkuZ visf{kr gks] v/khu gksxa sA 93&& øeq[; vfHk;ark] mŸkj izns”k ty fuxe] funs”kd] fpfdRlk] LokLF; ,oa cSBd ea s dfri; ifjokj dY;k.k] mŸkj izns”k ;k lgk;d funs”kd] fpfdRlk] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k] vf/kdkfj;ks a dks mifLFkr mŸkj izns”k] fty s dk eq[; fpfdRlk vf/kdkjhÀ2 vf/k”kklh vfHk;ra k] fo|ky; fujh{kd vkSj gksus rFkk cksyus dk vf/kdkj jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeŸk fo”ks’k :Ik ls izkf/kd`r dksbZ vU; vf/kdkjh] uxjikfydk dh cSBd es a mifLFkr jgus vkSj fdlh ,sls fo’k; ij ftldk muls lEcfU/kr foHkkxksa ij izHkko iM+rk gks] uxjikfydk dks lEcksf/kr djus d s gdnkj gksxa sA 94&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk dh cSBd ea s mifLFkr lnL;ks a ds uke dh x;h dk;Zokgh dk;Z&o`Ÿk iqfLrdk vkSj vkSj ikfjr ladYi ,d iqfLrdk e]as tks dk;Z&o`Ÿk iqfLrdk dgyk;sxh] ntZ fd;s tk;sxa sA ladYi ø¼1&d½ uxjikfydk dk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k tgka vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh u gks] ogka lfpo] lnL;ks a dh ,d mifLFkfr iaftdk j[kxs k] ftlea s uxjikfydk dh fdlh cSBd ea s Hkkx yus s d s iwoZ izR;sd lnL; gLrk{kj djsxkAÀ1 ø¼2½ dk;Z&o`Ÿk dks ml cSBd ea s ;k mlds Bhd ckn dh cSBd ea s i<+k tk;xs k fd ikfjr gks x;k] tc rd i<+ s tkus ds le; mifLFkr lnL;] tks ml dk;oZ `Ÿk ea s vfHkfyf[kr dk;oZ kgh ea s Hkh mifLFkr jgs gks] cgqer }kjk vkifŸk u djsAÀ1 ¼3½ fdlh cSBd eas uxjikfydk }kjk ikfjr izR;sd ladYi mlds Ik”pkr~ ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz øjkT; ljdkj }kjk lkoZtfud uksfVl ds izdk”ku ds iz;kstukFkZ vuqeksfnr] fty s ea s izdkf”kr gksus okys fdlh lekpkj i= ea s ;k ;fn fty s ea s ,slk dksbZ lekpkj i= ugha gS rks ml e.My ea]s tgka lEcfU/kr uxjikfydk fLFkr gS] izdkf”kr gksus okys lekpkj i= ea s fgUnh ea s izdkf”kr fd;k tk;xs k vkSj tgka ,slk lekpkj i= ugha gS] ogka uxjikfydk dk;kyZ ; rFkk dyDs Vjh dk;kyZ ; ds lwpuk iV~V ij yxkrkj rhu fnuks a ds fy, yxk;k tk;xs kAÀ1 ¼4½ cSBd eas uxjikfydk }kjk ikfjr izR;sd ladYi dh izfrfyfi vf/kos”ku ds fnukad ls nl fnu ds Hkhrj fofgr izkf/kdkjh vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV dks izsf’kr dh tk;xs hA ¼5½ tc mi/kkjk ¼3½ ;k ¼4½ ds v/khu fdlh ladYi ds lEcU/k ea s dk;oZ kgh dh tk;s rc mlds Ik”pkr~ fdUrq dk;oZ `Ÿk ij] ftles a mDr ladYi vfHkfyf[kr gks] mi/kkjk ¼2½ dh vis{kkuqlkj gLrk{kj fd;s tkus ds iwoZ] ml dk;Zo`Ÿk dh “kCnkoyh ea s dksbZ ifjorZu fd;k tk; rks ,slk ifjorZu] ;FkkfLFkfr izdkf”kr fd;k tk;xs k ;k fofgr izkf/kdkjh vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV dks lla wfpr fd;k tk;xs kA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 127 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 61 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 95À ¼6½ uxjikfydk dk ladYi mlds ikfjr gksus ds ckn N% ekl ds Hkhrj rc rd mikarfjr ;k jn~n ugha fd;k tk;xs k %& ¼d½ tc rd fd iwoZ uksfVl] ftlea s ml ladYi dh] ftls mikUrfjr ;k jn~n djus dk izLrko gks vkSj ,sls ladYi dks mikUrfjr ;k jn~n djus dk izLrko ;k izLFkkiuk dk iw.kZ o.kZu gks] u ns nh xbZ gks( vkSj ¼[k½ ,sls ladYi ds flok;] ftldk leFkuZ rRle; uxjikfydk ds lnL;ks a dh dqy l[a ;k ds de ls de vk/ks lnL;ks a }kjk fd;k x;k gksA i= O;ogkj] ys[kk] ctV vkfn dk lapkyu 95&& fuEufyf[kr fo’k; jkT; ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh ls fofu;fer i=&O;ogkj] y[s kk] ctV rFkk fu;af=r gksxa s( vFkkZr~ & vkfn dk ladYi ¼d½ ,slk ;k ,sls e/;orhZ dk;kyZ ;] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftlds }kjk ;k ftuds ek/;e ls uxjikfydk vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds vf/kdkfj;ks a ds chp i=&O;ogkj fd;k tk;xs k vkSj uxjikfydk }kjk ljdkj dks lEcksf/kr vH;kosnu Hksts tk;saxs( ¼[k½ fuekZ.k dk;Z dk js[kkadu vkSj izkDdyu rS;kj djuk] tks va”kr% ;k iw.kZr% uxjikfydk ds O;; ij fufeZŸk fd;k tkuk gks( ¼x½ izkf/kdkjh ftys }kjk vkSj “krZ] ftlds v/khu jgrs gq, ,sls js[kkadu vkSj izkDdyu Lohdr` fd;s tk ldrs gS( ¼?k½ vfHkdj.k] ftlds }kjk ,sls js[kkadu vkSj izkDdyu rS;kj fd;s tk;asxs vkSj ftlds }kjk fuekZ.k dk; Z dk;kfZUor fd;s tk;sxa s( ¼³½ y[s kk] tks uxjikfydk }kjk j[ks tk;asxs] jhfr] ftlds vuqlkj y[s kk dh ijh{kk dh tk;xs h vkSj os izdkf”kr fd;s tk;asxs vkSj vuqKkr djus rFkk vf/kHkkj ds lEcU/k ea s y[s kkijh{kd dh “kfDr( ¼p½ fnukad] ftlds iwoZ ctV Lohd`r djus d s fy, cSBd gksxh( ¼N½ ctV rS;kj djus ea s vaxhdr` dh tkus okyh iz.kkyh vkSj mldk :Ik( ¼t½ “krZ] ftlds v/khu jgrs gq, uxjikfydk dks] ftlds lEcU/k ea s /kkjk 102 ds v/khu vkns”k tkjh fd;k x;k gS] vius ctV ea s Qsjcny ;k ifjorZu djus dk gd gksxk( ¼>½ uxjikfydk }kjk izLrqr dh tkus okyh fooj.kh] oDrO; vkSj fjiksVZ( vkSj ¼¥½ uxjikfydk ds dk;kZy; vkSj fuekZ.k dk;Z dk fu;fer vkof/kd fujh{k.kA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 62 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 96À lfa onk 96&& ¼1½ ,sls izR;sd lafonk dh n”kk ea s ladYi }kjk uxj egkikfydk dh vuqefr lafonk dh Lohd`fr visf{kr gS %& ¼d½ ftlds fy, ctV ea s O;oLFkk ugha gS( ;k ø¼[k½ ftlds fdlh uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ }kjk fd, x, lafonk dh n”kk ea s ¿ipkl gtkj #i;sÀ5 vkSj uxj iapk;r }kjk fd, x, lafonk dh n”kk ea s ¿iUnzg gtkj #i;sÀ6 ls vf/kd eYw ; ;k /kujkf”k vUrxzZLr gks %À2 øizfrcU/k ;g gS fd uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dh nks cSBdks a ds e/; dh vof/k ds nkSjku] v/;{k ¿,d yk[k #i;sÀ7 ls vuf/kd ewY; ;k /kujkf”k dks vUrxzZLr djus okyh lafonkvks a dh Lohdr` dj ldrk gSAÀ3 ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s fofufnZV nksuks a ea s ls fdlh izdkj dh lafonk ls fHkUu dksbZ lafonk dks uxjikfydk ds ladYi }kjk ;k uxjikfydk dh lfefr }kjk ¼tks lykgdkj lfefr u gks½ ftls bl fufeŸk fofu;e }kjk l”kDr fd;k x;k gks ;k uxjikfydk ds bl izdkj l”kDr fd;s x;s fdlh ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk Lohdr` fd;k tk ldrk gS % øijUrq lfefr] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk Lohd`fr lafonk dks uxjikfydk dh vkxkeh cSBd ds le{k j[kk tk;xs kAÀ1 ¼3½ tgka fdlh ifj;kstuk ds js[kkadu vkSj izkDdyu dks bl fufeŸk cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ds vuqlkj] uxjikfydk }kjk Lohd`r fd;k x;k gS vkSj dk; Z dk fu’iknu uxjikfydk }kjk viuh lsok ;k fu;kstu ea s fdlh vfHk;ark dks lkSai fn;k x;k gS] ogka uxjikfydk ifj;kstuk ds fu’iknu ds fy, visf{kr lHkh lafonkvks a dks ;k fdlh fof”k’V izdkj ds fdlh ,d ;k vf/kd lafonk dks] tks /kkjk ¼1½ ea s fofufnZ’V fdlh Hkh izdkj dh lafonk ls fHkUu gks] Lohdr` djus dh “kfDr fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls ml vfHk;ra k dks iznku dj ldrh gSA bl izdkj iznŸk ”kfDr ds iz;ksx ij dksbZ “krZ ;k fucZU/ku mlh jhfr ls vf/kjksfir dj ldrk gSA 97&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls dh xbZ izR;sd lafonk] ftldk lafonk dk fu’iknu ewY; ;k jkf”k 250 #i;k ls vf/kd gk]s fyf[kr :Ik ea s gksxh % ¿ijUrq tc rd lafonk dk fyf[kr :Ik ea s fu’iknu lE;d :Ik ls u fd;k x;k gks] dksbZ Hkh dk;Z ftlea s mDr lafonk ls lEcfU/kr lkexzh dk laxzg djuk Hkh lfEefyr gS] u rks izkjEHk fd;k tk;xs k vkSj u gkFk ea s fy;k tk;sxkAÀ1 ¼2½ bl izdkj dh izR;sd lafonk ij && ¼d½ v/;{k ;k mik/;{k }kjk vkSj vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k lfpo }kjk( ;k 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 128 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 128 ¼[k½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la0 11 o’kZ 2005 dh /kkjk 6 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 6 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 6 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 63 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 97d&99À ¼[k½ iwoZorhZ /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ;k ¼3½ ds v/khu lafonk Lohdr` djus ds fy, l”kDr fdlh O;fDr ;k O;fDRk;ks a }kjk ;fn ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk vxzŸkj vkSj blh jhfr ls bl fufeŸk l”kDr fd;s tk;sA ¼3½ ;fn dksbZ lafonk] ftl ij bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/k ykxw gksrs gSa] muds vuq:Ik ugha fu’ikfnr dh tkrh gS rks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 mlls vkc) ugha gksxhA ø97&d&& bl vf/kfu;e eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] fo”o cSad ;k fdlh vU; dfri; ifj;kstukvks a ds fons”kh laxBu ls lgk;rk izkIr djus okyh ;k dsUnz ljdkj }kjk izk;kfstr fdlh uxj lEcU/k ea s fo”ks’k micU/k fodkl ifj;kstuk ds lEcU/k esa izR;sd lafonk dh r[kehus jkT; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr ;kstuk ds vuqlkj rS;kj ;k Lohdr` dh tk;xs h A jkT; ljdkj }kjk ifj;kstuk ds vuqeksnu ds fnukad ls ,d ekl ds Hkhrj ,slh uxj fodkl ifj;kstuk ds fy, fuf/k dh Lohd`fr ds fy, uxjikfydk dh cSBd vk;ksftr djds fofu”p; fd;k tk;xs k % vkxzrj izfrcU/k ;g fd ;fn uxjikfydk dh cSBd izFke izfrcU/kkRed [k.M ea s fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj u cqyk;h tk; ;k fofu”p; u fd;k tk; rks ;g le>k tk;xs k fd uxjikfydk us fuf/k Lohd`fr dj nh gS vkSj ;fn Lohdf`r nsus ls budkj dj fn;k tk; ;k mikUrjks a lfgr Lohdf`r nh tk; rks ekeyk jkT; ljdkj dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k vksj jkT; ljdkj dk fofu”p; vfUre vkSj uxjikfydk ij ck/;dkjh gksxk vkSj ;g le>k tk;xs fd uxjikfydk us rnuqlkj fuf/k Lohdr` dj nh gSA vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh rnqijkUr ifj;kstuk dk fu”iknu dj ldrk gS] fuf/k O;; dj ldrk gS vkSj fu;r le; ds Hkhrj ifj;kstuk dk iwjk gksuk lqfuf”pr dj ldsxk% izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd uxjikfydk ifj;kstukvks a dk fu;fer vuqJo.k djsxh vkSj jkT; ljdkj dks viuh vk[;k HkstsxhAÀ2 98&& tgka Hkkjrh; jftLVªhdj.k vf/kfu;e] 1908 ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fy[kr dk jftLVªhdj.k fdlh fu;e ea]s ;g visf{kr ;k vuqKkr gS fd fdlh nLrkost ds lEcU/k ea s mls fu’ikfnr djus okys ;k mlds v/khu nkok is”k djus okys fdlh O;fDr }kjk dksbZ dk; Z fd;k tk;s vkSj nLrkost dks uxjikfydk dh vksj ls fu’ikfnr fd;k x;k gS ;k og nLrkost ftlds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 nkok is”k drh gS] ogka og dk; Z mi;qZDr vf/kfu;fefr ;k mlds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ea s fdlh izfrdwy ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 d s v/;{k] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k uxjikfydk ds lfpo }kjk ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk] ftls fofu;e }kjk bl fufeŸk “kfDr iznku dh tk;] fd;k tk ldrk gSA ctV 99&& ¼1½ izR;sd ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 vkxkeh ekpZ ds 31os a fnukad dks lekIr gksus okys ctV o’kZ ds fy, okLrfod vkSj izR;kf”kr izkfIr;ks a vkSj O;; dk iw.kZ y[s kk rS;kj djk;xs h vkSj mlds Bhd ckn vkxkeh vizSy ds izFke fnukad dks izkjEHk gksus okys o’kZ ds fy, ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dh vk; vkSj O;; ds ctV izkDdyu ds lkFk mls izfro’kZ ,sls fnukad ds iwoZ tks bl fufeŸk fu;er% fuf”pr fd;k tk;] gksus okyh cSBd ea s vius le{k j[kok,xhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 129 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 64 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 99&104À ¼2½ /kkjk 102 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ,slh cSBd ea s ctV izkDdyu ea s of.kZr fofu;ksx vkSj vFkkZsik; ds ckjs ea s fu.kZ; djsxh vkSj fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk Lohdr` djsxh] ftls jkT; ljdkj dks ;k ,sls vf/kdkfj;ks a dks] ftUgas jkT; ljdkj vkns”k }kjk bl fufeŸk fufnZ’V djs] izLrqr fd;k tk;xs kA ¼3½ mi;qZDr ds leku micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 le;&le; ij tSlk ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds vuqlkj okaNuh; gks lds] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu Lohdr` ctV ea]s fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk] Qsjcny dj ldrh gS ;k mlea s ifjorZu dj ldrh gSA 100&& igyh vDVwcj ds Ik”pkr~ ;Fkk”kD;&”kh?kz ml o’kZ ds fy, ,d iqujhf{kr iqujhf{kr ctV ctV rS;kj fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ,slk iqujhf{kr ctV ;Fkk”kD; mu lHkh micU/kks a ds v/khu gksxk] tks /kkjk 99 ds v/khu rS;kj fd, x, ctV ij ykxw gkrs s gSaA 101&& ctV ds rS;kj djus eas ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ,slk U;uw re vUr vfr”ks’k ¼;fn ctV ea s nf”kZr U;wure dksbZ gks½ cuk, j[kus dh O;oLFkk djsxh] ftls jkT; ljdkj vkns”k }kjk fofgr djsA vUr vfr”ks’k 102&& ;fn ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 dh jk; ea s fdlh ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dh _.krk dh n”kk _.kh uxjikfydk dk ,slh gks fd mlds dkj.k mlds ctV ij ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 dk fu;a=.k okaNuh; gks rks jkT; ctV ljdkj vkns”k }kjk ml n”kk dh ?kks’k.kk djds ;g funs”k ns ldrh gS fd ,sls ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dk ctV ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 ;k ¿fofgr izkf/kdkjhÀ1 dh Lohdf`r ds v/khu gksxk vkSj ;g fd /kkjk 99 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu ctV ea s Qsjcny ;k mles a ifjorZu djus dh “kfDr fu;e }kjk fofgr “krksaZ d s v/khu gksxhA 103&& ¼1½ tgka ctV Lohdr` dj fn;k x;k gks] ogka ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ctV ds ctV ea s vfrfjDr O;; fdlh Hkh ,sls “kh’kZd ds v/khu] tks ml “kh’kZd ls fHkUu gks] ftles a ds izfrnk; dh O;oLFkk djus dk izfr’ks/k dh xbZ gks] ml “kh’kZd ds v/khu Lohdr` jkf”k ls vf/kd jkf”k dk O;; ctV ea s Qsjcny ;k ifjorZu u djds ,slh vf/kd jkf”k dh O;oLFkk fd;s fcuk ugha djsxkA ¼2½ tgka fdlh ,sls “kh’kZd ds v/khu] ftlea s djks a ds izfrnk; dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gks] ml “kh’kZd ds v/khu Lohdr` /kujkf”k ls vf/kd O;; fd;k tk; s rks ,sls O;; ds fy, ctV ea s Qsjcny djds vfoyEc O;oLFkk dh tk;xs hA lfefr vkSj la;qDr lfefr 104&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 fuEufyf[kr dk; Z dj ldrh gS vkSj tgka ¿jkT; lfefr dh fu;qfDr ljdkjÀ1 }kjk vis{kk dh tk;]s ,slk dk; Z djsxk & ¼d½ fofu;e }kjk ,slh lfefr;ka LFkkfir djuk ftUgs]a og mfpr le>s ;k ftuds fy, jkT; ljdkj ,slh “kfDr;ks a ds iz;ksx dk] ,sls drZO;ks a dk ikyu ;k ,sls d`R;ks a dk fuoZgu djus ds iz;kstu ds fy,] tks /kkjk 112 ds v/khu fdlh lfefr dks izR;k;kfstr fd;s tk;a] funs”k ns( vkSj 1- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykW vkMZj] 1950 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 65 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 105&107À ¼[k½ bl izdkj LFkkfir fdlh lfefr ds fy,] ,d o’kZ ls vuf/kd vof/k ds fy, vius ,sls lnL;ksas dks] ftUg s og mfpr le>s] ,dy ladze.kh; er }kjk mŸkj izns”k fo/kku ifj’kn~ lHkkifr }kjk fo/kku ifj’kn~ ea s vuqlj.kh; dk; Z lapkyu vkSj izfdz;k ds fy, 15 ekpZ] 1921 ds LFkk;h vkns”k ds vkns”k 82 vkSj 87 ds vuqlj.k ea s cuk, x, fofu;e ea s fofgr jhfr ds vuqlkj fuokZpu djuk vkSj mDr fofu;e ea s vk, gq, “kCn v/;{k^ vkSj ^dkmafly* bl [k.M ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, dze”k% ^uxjikfydk v/;{k ,oa uxjikfydk* i<+ s tk;axs s ijUrq ;g fd jkT; ljdkj le;&le; ij tSlk og mfpr le>s] bl [k.M ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, mDr fofu;e ea s la”kks/ku dj ldrh gS( vkSj ¼x½ [k.M ¼[k½ d s v/khu fu;af=r fdlh lnL; dks lda Yi }kjk gVkukA ø¼1&d½ dsoy ckfydkvks a dh f”k{kk ds fy, iwoZorhZ mi/kkjk ds v/khu LFkkfir fdlh lfefr ea s mlds de ls de vk/kk lnL; uxjikfydk dh efgyk lnL; gksxh vkSj lkFk gh ,slh vU; efgyk,a Hkh gksaxh] tks uxjikfydk dh fuoklh gks] fdUrq uxjikfydk dh lnL; u gks] fdUrq ckfydkvks a dh f”k{kk ea s mudh vfHk#fp gksus ds dkj.k /kkjk 105 ds v/khu fu;qfDr dh x;h gksAÀ1 ¼2½ fdlh ,slh lfefr dk lHkkifr og O;fDr gksxk] tks ,slh lfefr dh efgyk lnL;ks a ea s ls fuokZfpr fd;k x;k gks % ijUrq ;g fd uxjikfydk le;&le; ij ladYi }kjk fdlh ,sls fo’k; ij ftlds lEcU/k ea s bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu uxjikfydk dk fofu”p; visf{kr gks] tkap djus vkSj fjiksVZ nsus ds iz;kstu ds fy, ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lykgdkj lfefr;ka LFkkfir dj ldrh gS vkSj mlds lnL; fu;qDr dj ldrk gSA 105&& bl vf/kfu;e ea s fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] uxjikfydk ds fy, ;g lnL;ks a ls fHkUu O;fDr;ks a fof/kiw.kZ gksxk fd og ,sls ladYi }kjk] ftldk leFkuZ rRle; lnL;ks a dh dqy la[;k ds dh fu;qfDr de ls de vk/ks lnL;ks a us fd;k gks] fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks pkgs og L=h gks ;k iq:’k vkSj tks uxjikfydk dk lnL; u gks fdUrq tks uxjikfydk dh jk; ea s ,slh lfefr ea s dk; Z djus d s fy, fo”ks’k vgZrk j[krk gks] lfefr ds lnL; ds :Ik es a fu;qDr djs % ijUrq lfefr ea s bl izdkj fu;qDr O;fDr;ks a dh la[;k lfefr dh dqy lnL; la[;k ds ,d frgkbZ ls vf/kd u gksxhA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds vkSj fdlh ,slh fu;ekoyh ds lHkh micU/k] tks lnL;ks a ds drZO;] “kfDr] nkf;Ro] vugZrk vkSj fu;ksXZ ;rk ls lEcfU/kr gks] mu vugZrkvks a ds flok; tks fyxa Hksn ds vk/kkj ij gks] ;Fkk”kD; ml O;fDr ij ykxw gkxs kA 106&& fdlh lfefr ea s gqbZ fjfDr dh iwfrZ fdlh Hkh le; uxjikfydk }kjk /kkjk lfefr ea s fjfDr;ka 104 ;k /kkjk 105 ea s fofgr jhfr ds vuqlkj nwljs lnL; ;k O;fDr dks fu;qDr djds dh tk ldrh gSA 107&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk ladYi }kjk fdlh lfefr dk lHkkifr fu;qDr dj ldrh lfefr dk lHkkifrA gSA ¼2½ uxjikfydk }kjk lHkkifr fu;qDr u djus dh n”kk ea s lfefr vius lnL;ks a ea s ls lHkkifr fu;qDr djsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 66 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 108&110À 108&& ¼1½ /kkjk 92 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½] /kkjk 93 vkSj /kkjk 94 dh mi/kkjk lfefr;ks a dh izd`fr ¼1½] ¼2½] ¼4½] ¼5½ vkSj ¼6½ ds micU/k uxjikfydk dh lfefr;ks a dh dk;oZ kfg;ks a ij mlh izdkj ykxw gksxa s ekuks a og “kCn ^uxjikfydk* ds LFkku ij] tgka dgha Hkh og muea s vk;k gks] “kCn ^lfefr* j[k fn;k x;k gksA ¼2½ lfefr;ka] tc os mfpr le>s] cSBd dj ldrh gS ;k mls LFkfxr dj ldrh gS] fdUrq lfefr dk lHkkifr] tc Hkh og Bhd le>s] lfefr dh cSBd cqyk ldrk gS vkSj uxjikfydk ds v/;{k ;k lfefr ds de ls de nks lnL;ks a ds fyf[kr vuqjks/k ij cSBd cqyk,xkA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼4½ ea s vUrfoZ’V micU/k ds v/khu jgrs gq, fdlh cSBd ea s rc rd dksbZ dk; Z ugha fd;k tk;sxk tc rd fd mleas lfefr ds ,d pkSFkkbZ ls vf/kd lnL; mifLFkr u gksA ¼4½ tgka fdlh lfefr dh cSBd ea s fofgr x.kiwfrZ ds vHkko ea s dksbZ dk;Z LFkfxr djuk vko”;d gks] ogka /kkjk 88 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ea s fofufnZ’V izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk;xs kA 109&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk] fdlh Hkh le; fdlh lfefr ls fdlh Hkh dk;oZ kgh ds lfefr dk uxjikfydk ds m)j.k vkSj fdlh ,sls fo’k; ea]s ftlds fy, lfefr dk;oZ kgh djus ds fy, izkf/kdr` ;k v/khuLFk gksuk funsf”kr dh x;h gks] lEc) ;k lalDr dksbZ fooj.kh] fooj.k&i=] ys[kk dh fjiksVZ ekax ldrh gSA ¼2½ izR;sd lfefr mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu uxjikfydk }kjk fd;s x, fdlh vf/kopu dk fof/k ds vuqlkj “kh?kz vuqikyu djsxhA ¼3½ uxjikfydk lfefr ds fdlh fofu”p; es a dkj.kks a dks vfHkfyf[kr djds] Qsjcny ;k mldks vf/kHkwr dj ldrh gSA 110&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk] ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd fdlh vU; vuqefr nsus okys la;qDr lfefr LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks lfEefyr djds] dksbZ ,slk dk;Z djus ds iz;kstukFkZ] ftleas os la;qDr :Ik ls fgrc) gks] lEcfU/kr LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ks a ds gLrk{kj ;qDr fy[kr ds ek/;e ls la;qDr lfefr fu;qDr dj ldrh gS vkSj ;fn jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,slh vis{kk dh tk; s rks fu;qDr djsxhA ¼2½ ,sls fy[kr eas] mu lnL;ks a dh la[;k ftUgs a izR;sd LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh }kjk mDr la;qDr lfefr ea s viuk izfrfuf/kRo djus d s fy, pquk tk;xs k] og O;fDr] tks mldk lHkkifr gksxk] “kfDr] tks ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgefr nsus okys LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh }kjk iz;ksDrO; gksus ds dkj.k la;qDr lfefr }kjk iz;ksx dh tk ldsxh vkSj mldh dk;oZ kgh vkSj i= O;ogkj ds lapkyu dh jhfr fofgr gksxhA ¼3½ ,sls fy[kr ea s le;&le; ij fdlh vxzsŸkj fy[kr }kjk] ftlij lHkh lEc) LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ks a us gLrk{kj fd, gks]a Qsjcny fd;k tk ldrk ;k mldks fo[kf.Mr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu fdlh fy[kr ds fo[k.Mu dh n”kk ea s rn~/khu lHkh dk;oZ kfg;ka] mDr vxzsŸkj fy[kr ea s fofufnZ’V fnukad ls vizorZu”khy le>h tk;xs hA ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/kks a ds v/khu fdlh dk;oZ kgh ds nkSjku nks ;k vf/kd LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ks a ds chp mRiUUk fdlh erHksn dk fofu”p; /kkjk 325 ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj dks funs”Z k djds fd;k tk,xkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 67 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 110d&112À ø110&d&& ¼1½ mŸkj izns”k ea s uxjikfydk,a la?k cuus ds fy, lfEefyr gks jkT; uxjikfydk la?k dk ldrh gS] ftls jkT; uxjikfydk la?k dgk tk;xs k % cuk;k tkuk vkSj mlds d`R; ijUrq ,slk dksbZ la?k rc rd u cuk;k tk;sxk tc rd fd jkT; ea s vk/ks ls vf/kd uxjikfydk,a] lnL; cuus d s fy, vius vk”k; dk ladYi i`Fkd&i`Fkd ikfjr u dj nsA ¼2½ bl /kkjk dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu cuk;k x;k la?k uxjikfydkvks a ds lkekU; fgr dh leL;kvks a dh tkap djsxkA uxjikfydk iz”kklu ea s lq/kkj ds fy, uxjikfydkvks a dks lykg nsxk vkSj ,sls vU; dR` ; djsxk] ftUgsa jkT; ljdkj le;&le; ij fofgr djsA ¼3½ fuEufyf[kr fo’k; jkT; ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh }kjk fofu;fer vkSj fu;af=r gksxa s( vFkkZr~ & ¼d½ l?a k dk xBu rFkk mlds y{; vkSj mn~ns”;( ¼[k½ uxjikfydk }kjk la?k dks fd, tkus okys va”knku dh /kujkf”k vkSj mldh jhfr( ¼x½ l?a k ds foŸk dk izcU/ku vkSj fu;a=.k( ¼?k½ ø***À2 ¼³½ lkekU;r;k ,sls vU; fo’k;] tks bl /kkjk ds fy, vko”;d gksAÀ1 uxjikfydk }kjk “kfDr dk iz;ksx vkSj izR;k;kstu 111&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk vuqlwph 1 ds f}rh; LrEHk ea s fofufnZ’V “kfDr] drZO; “kfDr] ftudk iz;ksx vkSj d`R;] flok; muds ftuds lEeq[k mDr vuqlwph ds r`rh; LrEHk ea s izfof’V dh xbZ gS] uxjikfydk ladYi }kjk dj ldrh gS dk iz;ksx] ikyu vkSj fuoZgu dj ldrh gS vkSj uxjikfydk }kjk mudk iz;ksx] ikyu vkSj fuoZgu uxjikfydk dh cSBd ea s ikfjr ladYi }kjk ;k vU;Fkk ugha fd;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ dh fdlh ckr dk ;g vFk Z ugha yxk;k tk;xs k fd og uxjikfydk ds fdlh ladYi dks bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu bl fufeŸk ;Fkkfof/k izkf/kdr` fdlh vfHkdj.k }kjk vFkok uxjikfydk ds fdlh ,sls lsod }kjk tks vius fu;kstu dh ifjf/k ds Hkhrj dk; Z dj jgk gks] fu’ikfnr fd;s tkus ls fuokfjr djrh gSA 112&& ¼1½ ,slh “kfDr] drZO; ;k d`R; ds viokn Lo:Ik] tks & uxjikfydk }kjk “kfDr;ks a dk izR;k;kstu ¼d½ vuqlwph ds f}rh; LrEHk ea s fofufnZ’V gks vkSj ftuds lkeus r`rh; LrEHk ea s dksbZ izfof’V ugha dh xbZ gks( ¼[k½ /kkjk 50 ds [k.M ¼d½] ¼[k½ vkSj ¼x½ }kjk ;k /kkjk 51 }kjk v/;{k ds fy, vkjf{kr gks ;k mldks leuqnsf”kr fd;s x;s gks(a vkSj ¼x½ tgka vf/k”kklh vfHk;ra k ;k dksbZ LokLF; vf/kdkjh gks ogka /kkjk 60 }kjk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ds fy, ;k /kkjk 60&d }kjk LokLF; vf/kdkjh ds fy, vkjf{kr gks( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 1 o’kZ 1955 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 130 }kjk fujflrA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 68 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 113À ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 lHkh ;k fdlh “kfDr “kfDr] drZO; ;k d`R;] dks] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dks iznŸk ;k vf/kjksfir ;k leuqnsf”kr fd;s x;s gks]a fofu;e }kjk izR;k;ksftr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼3½ ea s fd, x, micU/k ds flok;] ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ,slh “kfDr] drZO; ;k d`R; dk] ftls mlus mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu izR;k;ksftr fd;k gS] iz;ksx ikyu ;k fuoZgu Lo;a ugha djsxk vFkok mlds iz;ksx] ikyu ;k fuoZgu ea s gLr{ksi ugha djsxhA ¼3½ uxjikfydk }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh “kfDr] drZO; ;k d`R; dk izR;k;kts u bl “krZ ds v/khu jgrs gq, fd;k tk ldrk gS fd izR;k;kts u ds vuqlj.k ea s fn, x, leLr ;k dksbZ vkns”k bl “krZ ds v/khu gksxk fd fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj mlds fo:) uxjikfydk dh vihy djus dk vf/kdkj gksuk ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk mldk iqujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/kks a dh fdlh ckr ls ;g ugha le>k tk;xk fd og ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dh fdlh lfefr ds ladYi dks bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu bl fufeŸk ;Fkkfof/k izkf/kdr` fdlh vfHkdj.k }kjk fu’ikfnr fd;s tkus ls fu/kkZfjr djrh gS vFkok ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh lsod dks vius fu;kstu dh ifjf/k ds Hkhrj dk; Z djus ls izokfjr djuh gSA dk;Z vkjS dk;Zokgh dh fof/kekU;rk 113&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 es a ;k uxjikfydk dh lfefr ea s fdlh fjfDr ds dkj.k mi/kkj.kk vkSj vko`fŸk uxjikfydk ;k ,slh lfefr dk dksbZ dk;Z ;k dk;oZ kgh nwf’kr ugha gkxs hA ¼2½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydk ds lnL; ;k lnL; ds :Ik ea s dk;Z djus okys fdlh O;fDr ds fuokZpu] uke&funs”Z ku ;k fu;fDr es a ;k fu;qDr dh xbZ fdlh lfefr ds lnL;À2 es a ;k uxjikfydk ds ;k ,slh lfefr dh fdlh cSBd es a v/;{k ;k lHkkifr ds :Ik eas dk;Z djus okys fdlh O;fDr ds fuokZpu ;k uke&funs”Z ku fd;s tkus es a fdlh fu;ksXZ ;rk ;k =qfV ds dkj.k uxjikfydk ;k lfefr ds fdlh dk; Z ;k dk;oZ kgh dks nwf’kr ugha le>k tk;xs kA ;fn dk;Z djrs ;k dk;oZ kgh fd;s tkrs le; vf/kdka”k mifLFkfr O;fDr vgZ ;k uxjikfydk ;k lfefr ds lE;d :Ik ls fuokZfpr ;k uke&fufnZ’V lnL; jgs gksAa ¼3½ tc rd fd blds izfrdwy lkfcr u gks tk;] fdlh y[s ; ;k dk;oZ `Ÿk dks ftldk ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ;k lfefr dh dk;oZ kgh dk vfHkys[k gksuk rkRif;Zr gks] ;fn og ,slh dk;oZ kgh dk vfHkys[k rS;kj djus vkSj ml ij gLrk{kj djus ds fy, fofgr jhfr ds vuqlkj lkjr% rS;kj fd;k x;k gks vkSj ml ij gLrk{kj fd;s x;s gks]a ,sls lE;d~ :Ik ls xfBr ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ;k lfefr }kjk] ftlds lHkh lnL; lE;d~ :Ik ls vgZ jgs gks]a lE;d~ :Ik ls cqykbZ xbZ cSBd dh dk;oZ kgh dk vfHkys[k le>k tk;xs kA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 131 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 69 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 114&116À v/;k;& 4 uxjikfydk fuf/k vkSj lEifŸk 114&& ¿¼1½ izR;sd uxjikfydk ds fy, ,d fuf/k LFkkfir dh tk;sxh] ftls uxjikfydk fuf/k uxjikfydk fuf/k dgk tk;xs k vkSj bles izkIr lHkh jkf”k;ka] ftleas jkT; dh lafpr fuf/k ls izkIr vuqnku vkSj uxjikfydk }kjk ;k mlds fufeŸk fy, x, lHkh _.k lfEefyr gS] tek dh tk;xs hAÀ3 ¼2½ bl /kkjk dh fdlh ckr dk uxjikfydk ds fdlh ,slh ck/;rk ij izHkko u iM+xs k] tks ml ij fuf/k }kjk vf/kjksfir ;k mlds }kjk Lohdr` fdlh U;kl ls mRiUu gksA ø114&d&& uxjikfydk vius drZO;ks a vkSj d`R;ksa ds lEiknu ds fy,] pkgs os /ku m/kkj ysus dh vkKkid ;k oS;fDrd gks]a jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohd`fr ls vkSj bl fufeŸk fofgr fu;eks a uxjikfydk dh “kfDr ds v/khu jgrs gq,] fMcspa j tkjh djds ;k fdlh vU; izfrHkwfr ij [kqy s cktkj ea s ;k fdlh foŸkh; lLa Fkk ls _.k ys ldrh gSAÀ2 115&& ¿¼1½ uxjikfydk&fuf/k ljdkjh dks’kkxkj ;k mi dks’kkxkj ea s ;k LVsV cSad uxjikfydk fuf/k dh vkQ bf.M;k es a ;k jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls mŸkj izns”k dks&vkijsfVo cSad ;k vfHkj{kk vkSj mldk fdlh vuqlwfpr cSad ea s j[kh tk;xs hAÀ1 fofu/kku ¼2½ mu LFkkuks a ea s tgka dksbZ ,slk dks’kkxkj ;k mi dks’kkxkj ;k cSad u gks] uxjikfydk fuf/k cSadj ds :Ik ea s dk; Z dj jgs O;fDr ds ikl j[kh tk;xs h] ftlus bl izdkj j[kh xbZ fuf/k dh lqjf{kr vfHkj{kk vkSj ekax fd, tkus ij izfrlank; dh ,slh izfrHkwfr nh gks] ftls jkT; ljdkj izR;sd ekey s ea s Ik;kZIr le>s % ijUrq ;g fd bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/kks a ls ;g u le>k tk;xk fd muls uxjikfydk] jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohd`fr ls] viuh uxjikfydk fuf/k ds fdlh Hkkx dks] tks rqjUr O;; ds fy, visf{kr u gks] Hkkjrh; U;kl vf/kfu;e] 1882 dh /kkjk 20 ea s of.kZr fdlh izfrHkhwfr ea s fofufgr djjus ;k izslhMsUlh cSad ea s lkof/k fu{ksi ea s j[kus ls izfojr gksrh gSA 116&& jkT; ljdkj }kjk fd, x, fdlh fo”ks’k vkj{k.k ds v/khu jgrs gq, bl uxjikfydk ea s fufgr /kkjk ea s blds Ik”pkr~ fofufnZ’V vkSj ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À4 es a fLFkr lHkh izdkj dh lEifŸk lEifŸk ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À4 es a fufgr gksxh vkSj uxjikfydk dh gksxh vkSj ,slh leLr vU; lEifŸk ds lkFk] tks ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À4 ea s fufgr gks tk;] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À4 ds funs”k] izcU/k vkSj fu;a=.k es a jgsxh] vFkkZr~ % ¼d½ lHkh lkoZtfud uxj fHkfŸk;ka] QkVd] cktkj] o/k&”kkyk,a] [kkn vkSj fo’Bk fMiks vkSj izR;sd izdkj ds lkoZtfud Hkou] tks uxjikfydk fuf/k ls fufeZr fd, x, gks a ;k vuqjf{kr fd, tkrs gksAa ¼[k½ lHkh lkoZtfud lzksr] >hy] rkykc] dq,a vkSj lkoZtfud iz;kstuks a ds fy, ty dk lEHkj.k] lap; vkSj forj.k djus ds lHkh fuekZ.k dk; Z vkSj mlls lalDr ;k vuqyXu lHkh iqy] Hkou] batu] lkexzh vkSj oLrq, vkSj dksbZ ik”oZLFk Hkwfe Hkh] tks futh lEifŸk u gksrs gq, fdlh lkoZtfud rkykc ;k dq,a ls vuqyXu gks( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 19 o’kZ 1990 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 132 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 133 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 70 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 117&119À ¼x½ lHkh lkoZtfud lhoj] ukfy;k¡] iqfy;k¡ vkSj ty&iz.kkfy;ka vkSj muls vuqyXu lHkh fuekZ.k dk; Z lkexzh vkSj oLrq,¡( ¼?k½ lHkh /kwy] xkscj] fo’Bk] jk[k] dwMk&djdV] fdlh izdkj dk izk.kh& inkFkZ ;k xUnxh ;k dpjk ;k e`r Ik”kqvks a ds “ko] tks ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À1 }kjk lM+dks]a x`gks]a 273 ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À1 }kjk fu;r LFkkuks a ea s tek fd, tk,a( ¼³½ lHkh lkoZtfud cfŸk;ka] cŸkh ds [kEcs vkSj mlls lalDr ;k vuqyXu ;a=( ¼p½ lHkh Hkwfe ;k vU; lEifŸk tks LFkkuh; lkoZtfud iz;kstuks a ds fy, ljdkj }kjk ;k nku ;k dz; }kjk ;k vU;Fkk ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À1 dks vUrfjr dh xbZ gks( vkSj ¼N½ lHkh lkoZtfud lM+ds a vkSj mlds [kMats] iRFkj vkSj vU; lkexzh vkSj ,slh lM+dks a ij fo|eku ;k mlls vuqyXu lHkh o`{k fuekZ.k] lkexzh midj.k vkSj oLrq,aA 117&& tgka uxjikfydk bl ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh “kfDr ds Hkwfe dk vfuokZ; vtZu iz;ksx ;k fdlh drZO; ds ikyu ds iz;kstu ds fy, tks mls iznŸk fd;k x;k Fkk ml ij vf/kjksfir fd;k x;k gks] jkT; ljdkj ls Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 ;k fdlh vU; fo|eku fof/k ds micU/kks a ds v/khu mldh vksj ls dksbZ Hkwfe ;k fdlh Hkwfe ds lEcU/k ea s dksbZ vf/kdkj LFkk;h ;k vLFkk;h :Ik es a vftZr djus dh vis{kk djs] ogka jkT; ljdkj fofgr jhfr ls uxjikfydk }kjk fd;s x;s fuosnu ij iwoksDZ r micU/kks a ds v/khu] ,slh Hkwfe ;k ,sls vf/kdkj dks vftZr dj ldrh gS vkSj uxjikfydk }kjk jkT; ljdkj dks rnkUrxZr vf/kfu.khZr izfrdj vkSj mi;qZDr dk;oZ kgh ds lEcU/k ea s jkT; ljdkj }kjk fd, x, ifjO;; dks Hkqxrku fd;s tkus ij ;FkkfLFkfr mDr Hkwfe ;k vf/kdkj uxjikfydk ea s fufgr gksxa sA 118&& uxjikfydk vkxkeh /kkjk ds micU/kks a vkSj lEifŸk ds Lokeh }kjk vf/kjksfir uxjikfydk dk vius fdlh “krZ ds v/khu jgrs gq,] vius izcU/k vkSj fu;a=.k ea s lkSaih xbZ fdlh lEifŸk dk izcU/k izcU/k es a lkSih xbZ lEifŸk ds izcU/k vkSj fu;a=.k dh vkSj fu;a=.k dj ldrh gSA “kfDr 119&&¼1½ izR;sd lkoZtfud laLFkk dk] ftldk vuqj{k.k vuU; :Ik ls uxjikfydk lkoZtfud laLFkk fof/k ls fd;k tkrk gks] izcU/k] fu;a=.k vkSj iz”kklu uxjikfydk ea s fufgr gksxkA ¼2½ uxjikfydk ea s dksbZ vU; lkoZtfud laLFkk fufgr dh tk ldrh gS] mldk izcU/k] fu;a=.k vkSj iz”kklu mlds v/khu j[kk tk ldrk gS] ijUrq mlds lEcU/k ea s uxjikfydk ds Lora= izkf/kdkj dk foLrkj fu;e }kjk fofgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ¼3½ fdlh lkoZtfud laLFkk dh] tks uxjikfydk ea s fufgr gks ;k mlds izcU/k] fu;a=.k vkSj iz”kklu ds v/khu j[kh xbZ gks] leLr lEifŸk] foU;kl vkSj fuf/k uxjikfydk }kjk ,sls iz;kstu ds fy, U;kl ea s j[kh tk;xs h] ftlds fy, ,slh lEifŸk foU;kl vkSj fuf/k ml le; oS/k :Ik ea s iz;kstu gksrh tc fd mDr laLFkk bl izdkj fufgr Fkh ;k bl izdkj j[kh xbZ FkhA ¼4½ ijUrq ;g fd bl /kkjk ls iwoZxkeh micU/kks a ea s fdlh ckr ls ;g u le>k tk;xs k fd og fdlh U;kl dh lEifŸk dk iwoZ foU;kl vf/kfu;e] 1890 ds v/khu iwoZ foU;kl ds dk’skk/;{k ea s fufgr djus ls fuokfjr djrh gSA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 133 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 71 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 120&120dÀ 120&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk es a fufgr ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 fuf/k vkSj leLr lEifŸk dk ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 fuf/k mi;kstu mu vfHkO;Dr ;k foof{kr iz;kstuks a ds fy, fd;k tk;xs k] ftuds fy, bl ;k vkSj lEifŸk dk mi;kstu fdlh vU; vf/kfu;e ds v/khu] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 dks “kfDr iznŸk gS ;k ml ij drZO; ;k ck/;rk vf/kjksfir fd;s x;s gSaA ¼2½ ijUrq ;g fd ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 dh lhek ls ckgj Hkwfe vtZu djus ;k mls dj ij nsus ;k ,slh lhek ls ckgj dksbZ fuekZ.k dk; Z djus d s fy, flok; & ø¼d½ jkT; ljdkj dh Lohdf`r ds( vkSj ¼[k½ ,sls fucZU/kuks a vkSj “krkZs a ij ftUgas jkT; ljdkj vf/kjksfir djs( dksbZ O;; ugha djsxkA ¼3½ ijUrq ;g Hkh fd ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 ds fuEufyf[kr nkf;Roks a vkSj ck/;rkvks a dks uhps of.kZr dze ea s izkFkfedrk nh tk;xs h & ø¼d½ lQkbZ etnwjks a ds osru vkSj HkŸkks a dk Hkqxrku( ¼dd½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ ij oS/k :Ik ls vf/kjksfir ;k mlds }kjk Lohdr` U;kl ls mRiUu nkf;Ro vkSj ck/;rk,a(À2 ¼[k½ LFkkuh; izkf/kdj.k m/kkj vf/kfu;e] 1914 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu mixr fdlh _.k dk izfrlank; vkSj ml ij C;kt dk Hkqxrku( ¼x½ ø[k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu Hkqxrku dks NksM+dj] LFkkiuk O;; dk HkqxrkuÀ3 ftuds vUrxZr ,sls va”knku gS] tks /kkjk 78 ea s fufnZ’V fd, x;s gSa vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjks a dk osru] HkŸks vkSj isU”ku( ¼?k½ dksbZ /kujkf”k] ftldk /kkjk 35 ds mi/kkjk ¼3½ /kkjk 36 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½] /kkjk 126] /kkjk 163 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ;k /kkjk 320 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 fuf/k ls Hkqxrku djus dk vkns”k fn;k x;k gksA øLi’Vhdj.k&& bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstukFkZ] ,sls fdlh O;fDr dks lQkbZ etnwj le>k tk;xs k vkSj og ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 dh lM+dks]a xfy;ks]a jkLrks]a ukfy;ks]a lhojks]a “kkSpky;ks a vkSj ew=ky;ks a ea s >kM+ w yxkus vkSj mudh lQkbZ djus] e`r Ik”kqvks a vkSj dwM+k djdV <ksus ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, vkSj blh izdkj ds vU; dk;kZas ds fy, ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À5 }kjk lsok;ksftr gksAÀ4 ø120&d&& jkT; ljdkj }kjk /kkjk 30] /kkjk 34] /kkjk 40 ;k /kkjk 48 ds v/khu dfri; eqdneks a ij tks vkns”k fn;k x;k gS ;k fn;k gqvk rkRif;Zr gS] mlds lEcU/k ea s uxjikfydk ;k mlds uxjikfydk fuf/k ls gksus oky s O;; ij fucZU/kd v/;{k }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls fdlh U;k;ky; ls lafLFkfr ;k izkjEHk dh xbZ fdlh dk;oZ kgh ij [kpZ djus ds iz;kstukFkZ uxjikfydk fuf/k ls dksbZ O;; funs”kd dh fyf[kr iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk ugha fd;k tk;xs kAÀ1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 41 o’kZ 1976 dh /kkjk 37 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 15 o’kZ 1983 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 11 ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 11¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 11¼rhu½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 133 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 72 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 120[k&122À ø120&[k&& mŸkj izns”k vkokl ,oa fodkl ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1965 ds v/;k; 7 ds uxjikfydk ds Hkw&x`gkfn micU/k fdlh ,sls Hkw&x`gkfn ds lEcU/k es]a tks ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds gks ;k mlea s fufgr gks ds lEcU/k ea s mŸkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 1 o’kZ vFkok uxjikfydk }kjk iV~Vs ij fy, x, gks]a bl ,sDV ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, mlh izdkj 1966 ds v/;k; 7 dk ykxw gksxa s] ftl izdkj os mDr vf/kfu;e ea s ;FkkifjHkkf’kr ^ifj’kn~ ds Hkw&x`gkfn* ds lEcU/k ykxw fd;k tkuk ea s ykxw gksrs gks a vkSj mues a ifj’kn~ rFkk mDr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fu;r fo’k; ds fy, fd, x, vfHkns”k dze”k% bl vf/kfu;e ea s ;Fkk ifjHkkf’kr ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 rFkk bl vf/kfu;e ea s fu;r fo’k; d s fy, fd, x, vfHkns”k le>s tk;saxsAÀ1 121&& ¼1½ tc /kkjk 3 ds v/khu vf/klpw uk ds dkj.k dksbZ LFkkuh; {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr tc {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 u jg tk;s vkSj mls rRdky fdlh vU; LFkkuh; ldaze.k”khy {ks= ;k izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu j[k fn;k tk; s rc ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ea s fufgr uxjikfydk y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 u jg tk;s rc fuf/k dk fuf/k vkSj lEifŸk ,sls vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ea s fufgr gks tk;xs h vkSj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 d s fuLrkj.k nkf;Ro ,sls vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks varfjr gks tk;sxa sA ¼2½ blh izdkj tc dksbZ LFkkuh; {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr ldaez .k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 u jg tk; s vkSj mls rRdky vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu u j[k fn;k tk;]s rc uxjikfydk ea s fufgr uxjh; {ks= fuf/k dk vfr”ks’k vkSj vU; lEifŸk jkT; ljdkj es a fufgr gks tk;xs h vkSj uxjikfydk ds nkf;Ro jkT; ljdkj dks vUrfjr gks tk;asxsA 122&& ¼1½ tc /kkjk 3 ds v/khu vf/klpw uk ds dkj.k dksbZ LFkkuh; {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr tc {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 es a lfEefyr u jg tk; s vkSj mls rRdky fdlh ldaze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 es a vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu j[k fn;k tk;s rc uxjikfydk ea s fufgr lfEefyr u jg tk;s rc ø;FkkfLFkfr ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 fuf/k dk ,slk Hkkx vkSj vU; lEifŸk fuf/k dk fuLrkj.k ml vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh es a fufgr gks tk;xs h vkSj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds nkf;Roks a dk ,slk Hkkx] ftls jkT; ljdkj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 vkSj ml vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ls ijke”kZ djus ds Ik”pkr~ vf/klpw uk }kjk ?kksf’kr dj ml vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks varfjr gks tk;sxkA ¼2½ blh izdkj tc dksbZ LFkkuh; {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr ldaez .k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 es a lfEefyr u jg tk; s vkSj mls rRdky fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu u j[k fn;k tk;] rc ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ea s fufgr ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 fuf/k dk ,slk Hkkx vkSj vU; lEifŸk jkT; ljdkj es a fufgr gks tk;xs h vkSj ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ds nkf;Roks a dk ,slk Hkkx ftls jkT; ljdkj] ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 ls ijke”kZ djus vkSj vioftZr {ks= ds fuokfl;ks a }kjk fd, x, fdlh vH;kosnu ij fopkj djus ds Ik”pkr~ vf/klpw uk }kjk ?kksf’kr dj jkT; ljdkj dks vUrfjr gks tk;sxk % ¼3½ ijUrq ;g fd ;fn dksbZ vioftZr LFkkuh; {ks= fdlh ,sls LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh fu;a=.k ds v/khu j[kk tk;s tks viotZu ds iwoZ ds fnukad dks fo|eku u gks rks jkT; ljdkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ?kks’k.kk djus d s iwoZ vioftZr {ks= ds fuokfl;ks a }kjk fd, x, fdlh vH;kosnu ij fopkj djsxh % ¼4½ ijUrq ;g Hkh fd bl /kkjk ds iwoZxkeh micU/k ,sls fdlh ekey s ds lEcU/k ea s ykxw u gksxa s] tgka jkT; ljdkj dh jk; ea s ifjfLFkfr ,slh gks] ftlls ø;FkkfLFkfr ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks=À2 fuf/k ;k nkf;Ro ds fdlh Hkkx dk vUrj vokaNuh; gks tk;A 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 22 o’kZ 1972 dh /kkjk 19¼5½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 134 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 73 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 123&127À 123&& uxjikfydk fuf/k ;k uxjikfydk fuf/k ds fdlh Hkkx ;k uxjikfydk dh fuf/k vkSj lEifŸk dk vU; lEifŸk dk mi;ksx] tks /kkjk 121 ;k 122 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu ¿jkT;

ljdkjÀ1 dks mi;ksx] tks /kkjk 121 ;k izksnHkwr gks] loZizFke ,sls micU/kks a ds v/khu ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 dks vUrfjr uxjikfydk ds 122 ds v/khu ljdkj dks izksnHkwr gks nkf;Roks a dh iwfrZ djus ds fy, vkSj rRi”pkr~ LFkkuh; {ks= ds fuokfl;ks a ds ykHk ds fy, fd;k tk;xs kA 124&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk] bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu vf/kjksfir fdlh fucZU/ku lEifŸk vUrj.k lEcU/kh ds v/khu jgrs gq,] uxjikfydk ea s fufgr fdlh lEifr dks] tks fdlh U;kl ds lEcU/k es a uxjikfydk dh “kfDRk mlds }kjk /k`r lEifŸk u gks] ftldh “krZs bl izdkj vUrj.k ds vf/kdkj ls vlaxr gks] fodz;] cU/kd] iV~Vk] nku] fofu;e }kjk ;k vU; izdkj ls vUrfjr dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ uxjikfydk] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s vUrfoZ’V fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh jkT; ljdkj dh Lohdf`r ls] uxjikfydk ea s fufgr fdlh lEifŸk dk ljdkj dks vUrj.k dj ldrh gS] fdUrq bl izdkj ls ugha fd mlls fdlh U;kl ;k lkoZtfud vf/kdkj ij ftlds v/khu og lEifŸk gks] dksbZ izHkko iMs % ¼3½ ijUrq ;g fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu izR;sd vUrj.k ,sls iV~Vs dks NksM+dj] ftldh vof/k ,d o’kZ ls vf/kd u gks] ,slh fy[kr }kjk fd;k tk;xs k] tks uxjikfydk dh lkekU; eqgj ls eqnzkafdr gksxh vkSj vU;Fkk og ,slh lHkh “krksaZ dk vuqikyu djsxh] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu lafonk ds lEcU/k esa vf/kjksfir dh xbZ gksA 125&& uxjikfydk fuf/k es a ls fdlh ,sls O;fDRk dks izfrdj ns ldrh gS] ftls bl uxjikfydk fuf/k ls ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;e ds v/khu uxjikfydk mlds vf/kdkjh ;k ;k lsodksa ea s fufgr izfrdj dk Hkqxrku vFkok /kkjk 34 ds v/khu ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1] fofgr izfrdkjh ;k ftyk eftLVªsV es a fofgr fdlh “kfDr dk iz;ksx djus ds dkj.k dksbZ {kfr igqaph gks vksj ,slk izfrdj ml n”kk es a nsxk tc ml O;fDr us ftlls {kfr igqaph gks] Lo;a ml ekeyas es a dksbZ pwd u dh gks] ftlds lEcU/k esa ml “kfDr dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA 126&& ¼1½ tc ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 dh jk; es a uxjkikfydk }kjk vk;ksftr fdlh esys esys vkfn es a iqfyl vkfn d`f’k izn”kZuks a ;k vkS|ksfxd izn”kZuks a ds volj ij iqfyl dk fo”ks’k laj{k.k visf{kr gks rc es a iqfyl ds fo”ks’k laj{k.k ds fy, uxjikfydk }kjk jkT; ljdkj ,sls laj{k.k dh O;oLFkk dj ldrh gS vkSj uxjikfydk mlds iwjs izHkkj dk Hkqxrku ;k ml izHkkj ds ,sls Hkkx dk] ftls ¿jkT; ljdkjÀ1 mlds }kjk lkef;d :Ik ea s ns le>s] Hkqqxrku djsxkA ¼2½ ;fn izHkkj dh /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku u fd;k tk; rks ftyk eftLVsªV ,sls O;fDRk dks] ftlds vfHkj{kk es a uxjifkydk fuf/k gks] ,slh fuf/k ls mDr O;; dk Hkqxrku djus dk funs”Z k nsrs gq, vkns”k dj ldrk gSA 127&& fuEufyf[kr ekey s }kjk 296 ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ uxjikfydk fuf/k lEifŸk fu;ekoyh }kjk fofu;fer vkSj fu;af=r gksxa s( vFkkZr~ %& ls lEc) vU; fo’k; ¼d½ izfrdkjh] ftlds lEcU/k ea s uxjikfydk fuf/k ls Hkqxrku fd;k tk ldrk gS( ¼[k½ “krZ] ftuds vk/kkj ij uxjikfydk }kjk lEifŸk vftZr dh tk ldrh gS ;k ftuds vk/kkj ij uxjikfydk ea s fufgr lEifŸk dk fodz;] cU/kd] iV~Vk] fofue; }kjk ;k vU; izdkj ls vUrj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS( ;k 1- ,MsIVs”ku vkQ ykW vkMZj] 1950 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 74 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 127d&127[kÀ ¼x½ uxjikfydk fuf/k ;k uxjikfydk lEifŸk ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ ,slk vu; ekeyk] ftlds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e es a dksbZ micU/k u gks ;k viz;kZIr micu/k gks ;k vkSj micU/k djuk vko”;d gksA 1¿v/;k; 4&d ftyk ;kstuk lfefr vkSj foŸk vk;ksx 127&d&& ¼1½ izR;sd fty s esa ,d ftyk ;kstuk lfefr] ftys ea s iapk;rks a vkSj ftyk ;kstuk lfefr uxj fuxeks]a uxjikfydk] ifj’kn~ks a vkSj uxj iapk;rksa] }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ ;kstukvks a dks lfEefyr djus dsfy, vkSj lEiw.kZ fty s ds fy, ,d fodkl ;kstk iz:Ik rS;kj djus ds fy,] xfBr dh tk;xs hA ¼2½ ftyk ;kstuk lfefr es a ,sls O;fDr gksxa s] tSls fu;eks a }kjk fofgr fd;k tk; % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls lfefr ds lnL;kas dh dqy la[;k dk de ls de 4@5 Hkkx ftyk iapk;r ds vkSj fty s ea s uxj fuxe] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ks a vkSj uxj iapk;r ds fuokZfpr lnL;ks a }kjk vius ea s ls] ftys ea s xzkeh.k {ks=ks a dh vkSj uxjh; {ks=ks a dh tula[;k ds chp vuqikr ds vuqlkj fuokZfpr fd;k tk;xs k % vxzsŸkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh lfefr ds vU; lnL; jkT; ljdkj }kjk ljdkjh xtV es a vf/klfwpr vkns”kksa }kjk uke&fufnZ’V fd, tk;asxs % izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd lnL;ks a dh dksbZ fjfDr ,slh lfefr ds xBu ;k iquZxBu es a ck/kd ugha gksxa sA ¼3½ ftyk ;kstuk lfefr dk v/;{k ,slh jhfr ls pquk tk;xs k] tks fu;eks a }kjk fofgr dh tk;A ¼4½ ftyk ;kstuk lfefr] fodkl ;kts uk iz:Ik rS;kj djus es a %& ¼d½ fuEufyf[kr dk /;ku j[ksxa s & ¼,d½ iapk;rks a vkSj uxj fuxeks]a uxj ikfydk ifj’kn~ks a vkSj uxj ipak;rks a ds chp lkekU; foŸk ds fo’k;] ftuds vUrxZr LFkkfud ;kstuk] ty vkSj vU; HkkSfrd vkSj izkdf`rd lk/kuks a ea s fgLlk] volajpuk dk ,df=r fodkl vkSj Ik;kZoj.k laj{k.k gS( ¼nks½ miyC/k lk/kuks a dh lhek vkSj izdkj pkgs ;g foŸkh; gks ;k vU; gks( ¼[k½ ,sls LFkkuksa vkSj laxBuks a ls ijke”kZ djsxh] ftUgas jkT;iky vkns”k }kjk fofufnZ’V djsxa sA ¼5½ izR;sd ftyk ;kstuk lfefr dk v/;{k ,slh lfefr }kjk flQkfj”k dh xbZ fodkl ;kts uk jkT; ljdkj dks HkstsxkA 127&[k&& ¼1½ izR;sd uxjifkydk dk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh fu;eks a }kjk fofgr jhfr ;kstuk dk rS;kj fd;k esa s uxjikfydk {ks= ds fy, izR;sd o’kZ ,d fodkl ;kts uk rS;kj djsxkA tkuk ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu rS;kj dh xbZ ;kstuk uxjikfydk dh cSBd eas mlds le{k j[kh tk;xs h vkSj uxjikfydk mls mikUrjks a lfgr ;k fcuk fdlh mikUrj ds vuqeksfnr dj ldrh gSA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 135 }kjk u;k v/;k; 4&d c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 75 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 127x&128À ¼3½ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;kstukvks a ds uxjifkydk }kjk vuqeksfnr dj fn, tkus ds Ik”pkr~ mls ,sls fnuakd ds iwoZ] tks fu;e }kjkfofgr fd;k tk;] ftyk ;kstuk lfefr dks Hkstxs kA 127&x&& ¼1½ foŸk vk;kxs uxjikfydkvks a dh foŸkh; fLFkfr dk Hkh iqufoZyksdu foŸk vk;ksx djsxk vkSj jkT;iky dks fuEufyf[kr ds lEcU/k es a flQkfj”k djsxk & ¼d½ mu fl)kUrks a ds ckor~] tks fuEufyf[kr dks “kkflr djsxk %& ¼,d½ jkT; }kjk mn~xzg.kh; ,sls djksa] “kqYdks]a i{kdkjks a vkSj Qhlks a ds “kq) vkxeks a dh jkT; vkSj uxjikfydkvks a ds chp forj.k vkSj ,sls vkxeks a dk uxjikfydkvks a ds va”k dk vkcaVu( ¼nks½ ,sls djks]a “kqYdks]a i{kdkjks a vkSj Qhlksa dk vo/kkj.k] tks uxjikfydkvks a dks leuqfn’V ;k muds }kjk fofu;ksftr fd;s tk ldsxa s( ¼rhu½ jkT; dh lafpr fuf/k ea s ls uxjikfydkvks a ds fy, lgk;rk vuqnku( ¼[k½ uxjikfydkvks a dh foŸkh; fLFkfr dks l/q kkjus d s fy, vko”;d mik;( ¼x½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks jkT;iky }kjk uxjifydkvks a dks Bhd foŸk O;oLFkk ds fgr ea s foŸk vk;kxs dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;A ¼2½ jkT;iky mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu foŸk vk;ksx }kjk dh xbZ izR;sd flQkfj”k dks ml ij dh xbZ dk;oZ kgh ds Li’Vhdkjd Kkiu ds lkFk jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuks a lnuks a ds le{k j[k s tk;asxsAÀ3 v/;k; 5 uxjikfydk djk/kku] djks a dk vf/kjksi.k vkSj ifjorZu 128&& ¼1½ bl fufeŸk jkT; ljdkj ds fdlh lkekU; fu;e ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k ds dj] tks vf/kjksfir fd;s v/khu jgrs gq, ,sls dj] ftUgas øuxjikfydkÀ2 lEiw.kZ uxjikfydk ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx es a tk ldrs gSa vf/kjksfir dj ldrh gS] fuEufyf[kr gS %& ¼,d½ Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a ds okf’kZd ewY; ij dj( ¼nks½ O;kikj vkSj vkthfodk lsokvks a ls fo”ks’k ykHk gks jgk gks ;k ftlls ml ij fo”ks’k Hkkj iM+ jgk gks( ¼rhu½ O;kikj] vkthfodk vkSj O;olk; ij dj] ftles a ,sls lHkh lsok;kstu Hkh lfEefyr gS] ftues a osru ;k Qhl ds :Ik es a ikfjJfed fn;k tkrk gS( ø¼rhu&d½ ukV~;”kkyk dj] ftudk rkRi;Z fouksn ;k vkeksn ij] dj ls gS(À1 ¼pkj½ uxjikfydk ds Hkhrj fdjk; s ij pyk;h ;k j[kh tkus okyh xkM+h ;k vU; lokjh ij ;k mles a cka/kh tkus okyh ukoks a ij dj( ¼ikap½ uxjikfydk ds Hkhrj j[k s x, dqŸkks a ij dj( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 135 }kjk u;k v/;k; 4&d tksM+k x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 76 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ6 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 128À ¼N%½ ,sls Ik”kqvks a ij dj] ftudk mi;ksx] tc mUgsa uxjikfydk ds Hkhrj j[kk tk;] lokjh djus] pykus] [khapus ;k cks>k <ksus d s fy, fd;k tkrk gS( ¼lkr½ ø***À3 ¼vkB½ ø***À3 ¼ukS½ fuokfl;ks a ij mudh ifjfLFkfr vkSj lEifŸk ds vuqlkj fu/kkZfjr dj( ¼nl½ Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a ds okf’kZd ewY; ij ty&dj( ø¼nl&d½ Hkou ds okf’kZd ewY; ij ty fudkl dj] tks ,sls Hkou ij mn~xzg.kh; gks] tks fudVre lhoj ykbu ls izR;sd uxjikfydk ds fy, bl fufeŸk fu;e fu/kkZfjr nwjh ds Hkhrj fLFkr gks(À2 ¼X;kjg½ lektuZ &dj( ¼ckjg½ l.Mklkas] ew=ky;ksa vkSj uydwiks a ls eykfn vkSj iznwf’kr inkFkksa Z dk laxzg djus] gVkus vkSj fuLrkj.k djus d s fy, lQkbZ dj( ¼rsjg½ ø***À3 ¼rsjg&d½ ø***À1 ø¼rsjg&[k½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ5 dh lhek ea s fLFkr LFkkoj lEifŸk ds vUrj.k ij foy[s k(À1 ¼pkSng½ ø***À3 ¼2½ izfrcU/k mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼rhu½ vkSj ¼ukS½ ds v/khu dj ,d lkFk mn~xzg.kh; ugh gksxa s] ø***À4 øvkSj u gh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼nl&d½ vkSj ¼ckjg½ ds v/khu dj ,d lkFk mn~xzg.kh; gksaxs % vxzsŸkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼rsjg&[k½ ds v/khu uxjikfydk ds ,sls {ks= es a tks ;w0ih0 Vkmu bEizwoesUV ,sDV] 1919 dh /kkjk 3 ds v/khu l`ftr fdlh bEiwoz esUV VªLV dk LFkkuh; {ks= gks] fLFkfr LFkkoj lEifŸk ds vUrj.k foy[s k ij dksbZ dj mn~xzg.kh; u gksxk%À2 izfrcU/k ;g Hkh gS fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼pkj½ ds v/khu dksbZ dj fdlh eksVj xkM+h ds lEcU/k es a mn~xzg.kh; u gksxkA ¼3½ bl /kkjk dh dksbZ ckr fdlh ,sls dj ds vf/kjksi.k dk izkf/kdkj u nsxh] ftlds fy, jkT; fo/kku e.My dks lafo/kku ds v/khu jkT; ea s vf/kjksfir djus dh “kfDr u gks % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd øuxjikfydkÀ5 tks lafo/kku ds izkjEHk gksus ds Bhd iwoZ] rRle; izo`Ÿk bl /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ ,slk dj fof/kiwoZd mn~xzghr dj jgh Fkh ml dj dk mn~xzg.k tkjh j[k ldrh gS tc rd fd laln blds izfrdwy dksbZ micU/k u cuk;sA 1- la”kks/ku vkns”k 1937 }kjk fujflr rFkk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1991 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 2 ¼d½ }kjk fujflrA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 2 ¼[k½ }kjk fujflrA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 6- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 77 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 128d&129À ø128&d&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ3 us /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼rsjg&[k½ eas vfHkfn’V dj vf/kjksfir fd;k gks rks vpy lEifŸk ds fdlh gLrkUrj.k ij foy[s k Hkkjrh; LVkEi vf/kfu;e] 1899 }kjk vkjksfir “kqYd ,slh uxjikfydk dh lhekvks a ds Hkhrj fLFkr vpy lEifŸk dh n”kk es]a izfrQy dh /kujkf”k ;k ewY; ij] ftlds vfHkns”k es a mDr vf/kfu;e ds v/khu “kqYd dh x.kuk dh tk;s] nks izfr”kr c<+k fn;k tk;sxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj ds iwokZuqeksnu ls øuxjikfydkÀ3 fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk “kqYd ea s o`f) ds mi;qZDr izfr”kr dks ikap izfr”kr rd c<+k ldrh gSA ¼2½ mDr o`f) ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik leLr laxzghr /kujkf”k vkuq’kafxd O;; dh] ;fn dksbZ gks] dVkSrh djus ds Ik”pkr~ jkT; ljdkj }kjk ,slh jhfr ls] ftls fofgr fd;k tk;] lEc) øuxjikfydkÀ3 dks Hkqxrku dh tk;xs hA ¼3½ bl mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, Hkkjrh; LVkEi vf/kfu;e] 1899 dh /kkjk 27 bl izdkj i<+h tk;xs h vkSj mldk vFk Z bl izdkj yxk;k tk;xs k ekuks a fofufnZ’V :Ik ls ;g visf{kr gS fd mlea s fufnZ’V fof”k’V;ks a dk fuEufyf[kr ds lEcU/k ea s i`Fkd&i`Fkd mYys[k fd;k tk;xs k & ¼d½ lEifŸk] tks uxjikfydk dh lhek ds Hkhrj fLFkr gS( vkSj ¼[k½ lEifŸk] tks uxjikfydk dh lhek ds ckgj fLFkr gSA ¼4½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, Hkkjrh; LVkEi vf/kfu;e] 1899 dh /kkjk 64 ea s ljdkj dks fd, x, leLr funs”Z kks a ls ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mles a uxjikfydk Hkh lfEefyr gSAÀ1 ø129&& tydj vf/kjksi.k fucZU/ku /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼nl½ ds ¿tydj ds vf/kjksi.k ij v/khu dj] bl fucZU/ku ds v/khu jgrs gq, yxk;k tk;xs k fd fuEufyf[kr ij ,slk dj u fucZU/kuÀ4 yxk;k tk; & ¼,d½ fdlh ,slh Hkwfe ij ftldk mi;ksx ,dek= d`f’k iz;kstu ds fy, fd;k tkrk gks] tc rd fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk ,sls iz;kstuks a ds fy, ty lEHkfjr u fd;k tk;(s ;k ¼nks½ fdlh ,sls Hkw&[k.M ;k Hkou ij ftldk okf’kZd ewY; rhu lkS lkB #i;s ls vf/kd u gks vkSj ftls ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk ty lEHkkfjr u fd;k tkrk gks( ;k ¼rhu½ fdlh ,sls Hkw&[k.M ;k Hkou ij ftldk dksbZ Hkkx fudVre uy ;k ty&dy ls] tgka ij turk dks ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk ty miyC/k djk;k tkrk gks ml uxjikfydk ds fy, fofgr v)Z O;kl d s Hkhrj u gksA Li’Vhdj.k && bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, & ¼d½ ^Hkou ea s mldk vgkrk ¼;fn dksbZ gks½* vkSj tgka ,d gh lkekU; vgkrs es a vusd Hkou gks] ogka ,sls leLr Hkou vkSj lkekU; gkrk Hkh lfEefyr gS( ¼[k½ ^Hkw&[k.M* dk rkRi;Z fdlh ,sls Hkw&[k.M ls gS] tks fdlh ,dy v/;klh }kjk ;k vusd v/;kfl;ksa }kjk lkekU; :Ik ls] /k`r gks] ftldk dksbZ Hkh ,d Hkkx fdlh nwljs Hkkx ls fdlh vU; v/;klh ;k v/;kfl;ks a dh Hkwfe ;k lkoZtfud lEifŸk ds }kjk iw.kZr;k i`Fkd&d`r u gksAÀ2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 10 o’kZ 1978 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 9 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 136 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 78 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 130&131À 130&& /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼X;kjg½ ;k ¼ckjg½ ds v/khu dj dk vU; djks a ds vf/kjksi.k. vf/kjksi.k bl fucZU/ku ds v/khu gksxk fd dj fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ij fu/kkZfjr ugha fd;k ij fucZU/ku tk;xs k vFkok fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ds v/;klh ls mn~xzg.kh; u gksxk tc rd fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 /kkjk 196 ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu x`g lektuZ dk ;k Hkouks a ds laMklkas] ew=ky;ks a vkSj uydwiks a ls eykfn vkSj iznwf’kr inkFkZ dk laxzg djus] mls gVkus vkSj mlds fuLrkj.k dk nkf;Ro u yAs ø130&d&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] ljdkjh xtV es a lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k izdkf”kr uxjikfydk ls dj djds øuxjikfydkÀ3 ls /kkjk 128 es a of.kZr dksbZ dj tks igys ls vf/kjksfir u gks ,slh nj vf/kjksfir djus dh vis{kk djus dks jkT; ljdkj dh ls vkSj ,slh vof/k ds Hkhrj] ftls vf/klwpuk es a fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;] vf/kjksfir djus dh “kfDr vis{kk dj ldrh gS vkSj rc øuxjikfydkÀ3 rn~uqlkj dk;oZ kgh djsxhA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj igy s ls vf/kjksfir fdlh dj dn nj dks c<+kus] mikUrfjr ;k mlea s ifjorZu djus dh øuxjikfydkÀ3 ls vis{kk dj ldrh gS vkSj rc øuxjikfydkÀ3 dj dks vis{kkuqlkj c<+k;sxh] mikUrfjr ;k mles a Qsj&Qkj djsxhA ¼3½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ3 mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k dk ikyu djus ea s vlQy jgrh gS rks jkT; ljdkj dks vf/kjksfir djus] c<+kus mikUrfjr djus ;k mles a ifjorZu djus ds fy, mi;qDr vkns”k ns ldrk gS vkSj rc jkT; ljdkj dk vkns”k mlh izdkj ifjofrZr gksxk ekuks og øuxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk /kkjk 134 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu lE;d~ :Ik ls ikfjr fd;k x;k dksbZ ladYi gksAÀ1 ø130&[k&& /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼nl½] ¼nl&d½] ¼X;kjg½ vkSj dfri; iz;kstuks a ds fy, ¼ckjg½ es a mfYyf[kr] ty fudkl] lektuZ vkSj lQkbZ djks a ls leLr /ku rFkk lUMklkas] izkIr djks a dk ,d=hdj.k ew=ky;ks a vkSj eydwiks a ls ,df=r eykfn vkSj iznwf’kr inkFkksa Z ds fuLrkj.k vkSj tydy vkSj lyts QkeksZa ls izkIr vU; leLr vk; dks ,df=r fd;k tk;xs k vkSj bldk mi;ksx tydy vkSj ty fudkl dk;ksZa ds fuekZ.k] vuqj{k.k] foLrkj vkSj lq/kkj ls lEc) iz;kstuks a rFkk lUMklks]a ew=ky;ks a vkSj eydwiks a ls] ftleas lyts QkeZ Hkh lfEefyr gS] eykfn vkSj iznwf’kr inkFkksa Z dks ,d= djus] gVkus vkSj fuLrkj.k djus dk izcU/k djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk;xs kAÀ2 131&& tc øuxjikfydkÀ3 dj vf/kjksfir djuk pkgs rks og fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk izkjfEHkd izLrko rS;kj izLrko rS;kj djsxh] ftles a fuEufyf[kr fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k & djuk ¼d½ /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s of.kZr djks a ea s ls dksbZ dj] ftls og vf/kjksfir djuk pkgrh gS( ¼[k½ O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a dk oxZ] ftls nk;h cuk;k tk;xs k vkSj lEifŸk ;k vU; djkns; oLrq ;k ifjfLFkfr;ks a dk o.kZu] ftlds lEcU/k ea s mUgas nk;h cuk;k tk;xs k] flok; blds fd tgka vkSj tgka rd dksbZ ,slk oxZ ;k o.kZu dk [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk igys gh Ik;kZIr :Ik ls ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tk pqdk gks( ¼x½ /kujkf”k ;k nj] tks izR;sd ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a ds oxZ ls m)j.kh; gksxh ( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 79 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 132&134À ¼?k½ /kkjk 153 es a fofufnZ’V dksbZ vU; fo’k;] ftls jkT; ljdkj fu;e }kjk foufnZ’V djus dh vis{kk djsA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fu;ekoyh dk ,d iz:Ik Hkh rS;kj djsxh] ftls og /kkjk 153 ea s fufnZ’V fo’k;ks a ds ckjs ea s jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk, tks dh okaNk djsA ¼3½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 rc mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu rS;kj fd;s x;s izLrko vkSj mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh ds izk:Ik dks vuqlwph ea s fn, x, izi= es a uksfVl ds lkFk /kkjk 94 ea s fofgr jhfr ls izdkf”kr djsxhA 132&& ¼1½ mDr uksfVl ds izdk”ku ds ,d i{k ds Hkhrj ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 dk izLrko rS;kj djus ds ckn dksbZ fuoklh iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds v/khu rS;kj fd, x, lEiw.kZ izLrko ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ij dh izfdz;k mifLFkr gks ldrk gS vkSj ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 bl izdkj izLrqr dh xbZ vkifŸk ij fopkj djsxh vkSj fo”ks’k ladYiks a }kjk ml ij vkns”k nsxhA ¼2½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 vius izLrko ;k mues a ls fdlh Hkh izLrko dks mikUrfjr djus dk fofu”p; djs] rks og mikUrfjr izLrkoks a vkSj ¼;fn vko”;d gks½ iqujhf{kr fu;ekoyh ds izk:Ik dks] uksfVl ds lkFk izdkf”kr djsxh] ftles a og minf”kZr gksxk fd mDr izLrko vkSj fu;ekoyh ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ vkifŸk;ka vkeaf=r djus ds fy, iwoZ izdkf”kr izLrko vkSj fu;ekoyh dk mikUrj gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ ,slk izdk”ku vko”;d u gksxk tgka ,slk mikUrj.k ewyr% izLrkfor dj dh /kujkf”k ;k nj ea s deh djus rd gh lhfer gksA ¼3½ fdlh vkifŸk ij] tks mikUrfjr izLrko ds lEcU/k es a izkIr gks] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s fofgr jhfr ls dk;Zokgh dh tk;xs hA ¼4½ tc øuxjikfydkÀ1 us vius izLrko dks vfUre :Ik ns fn;k gks rks og mUgs a muds lEcU/k es a dh xbZ vkifŸk;ks a ds lkFk ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ fofgr izkf/kdkjh dks izLrqr djsxhA 133&& ¼1½ ¿;fnÀ2 izLrkfor dj /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼,d½ ls izLrkoks a dks vLohd`r ;k ¼ckjg½ rd ds vUrxZr gks rks fofgr izkf/kdkjh] /kkjk 132 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds v/khu izkIr mikUrfjr djus dh jkT; ljdkj ;k fofgr vkifŸk;ks a ij fopkj djus ds Ik”pkr~ ;k rks izLrko dks Lohdr` djus ls badkj dj ldrk gS izkf/kdkjh dh “kfDRk ;k mUgas øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks vxzlj fopkjkFkZ ykSVk ldrk gS vFkok mUgas fcuk mikUrj ds ;k ,sls mikUrj ds lkFk] ftles a vf/kjksfir dh tkus okyh /kujkf”k es a dksbZ o`f) u gks] ftls og mfpr le>s] Lohdr` dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ fdlh vU; n”kk es]a fofgr izkf/kdkjh izLrko vkSj vkifŸk;ka jkT; ljdkj dks izLrqr djsxk] tks mu ij mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s okafNr dksbZ Hkh vkns”k ns ldrh gSA 134&& ¼1½ tc fofgr izkf/kdkjh ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk izLrko LOkhd`r dj fy, gksa dj dk vf/kjksi.k funsfZ”kr rks jkT; ljdkj øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk izLrqr dh xbZ fu;ekoyh ds izk:Ik ij fopkj djus ds djus dk uxjikfydk dk ladYi Ik”pkr~ dj ds lEcU/k es a /kkjk 296 ds v/khu ,slh fu;ekoyh cukus ds fy,] ftUgs a og rRle; vko”;d le>s] rqjUr dk;oZ kgh djsxhA ¼2½ uxjikfydk cu tkus ij] Lohd`fr ds vkns”k vkSj fu;ekoyh dh ,d izfr øuxjikfydkÀ1 fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk ,sls fnukad ls] tks ladYi }kjk fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k] dj ds vf/kjksi.k dk funs”k djsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 18 o’kZ 1986 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 80 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 135&139À 135&& ¼1½ /kkjk 134 ds v/khu ikfjr ladYi dh ,d izfr jkT; ljdkj dks] ;fn dj dk vf/kjksi.k jkT; ljdkj us Lohdf`r iznku fd;k gks] Hksth tk;xs h vkSj fdlh vU; n”kk es a fofgr izkf/kdkjh dks Hksth tk;sxhA ¼2½ ladYi dh izfr izkIr gksus ij] ;FkkfLFkfr] jkT; ljdkj ;k fofgr izkf/kdkjh fu;r fnukad ls djkjksi.k “kkldh; xtV es a izdkf”kr djsxk vkSj lHkh n”kkvks a ea s djkjksi.k bl “krZ ds v/khu gksxk fd mls bl izdkj vf/klfwpr dj fn;k x;k gSA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu djkjksi.k dh vf/klwpuk bl ckr dk fu”pk;d izek.k gksxh fd dj bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj vf/kjksfir fd;k x;k gSA 136&& dj dks lekIr djus ;k /kkjk 131 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s [k.M ¼[k½ vkSj ¼x½ ea s djks a es a ifjorZu djus dh fofufnZ’V fo’k;ks a ds lEcU/k es a dj es a ifjorZu djus dh izfdz;k] ;FkklEHko] ogh gksxh] tks izzfd;k /kkjk 131 ls /kkjk 135 }kjk fdlh dj ds vf/kjksi.k ds fy, fofgr gSA 137&& ¼1½ tc dHkh f”kdk;r fd;s tkus ij ;k vU;Fkk jkT; ljdkj dks ;g dj dk mipkj djus ;k izrhr gks fd fdlh dj dk mn~xzg.k yksdfgr ds izfrdwy gS ;k ;g fd fdlh dj dk Hkkj lekIr djus dh jkT; vuqfpr gS rks jkT; ljdkj lEc) øUkxjikfydkÀ1 ds Li’Vhdj.k ij fopkj djus ds Ik”pkr~ ljdkj dh “kfDr vkns”k }kjk ,sls øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls ;g vis{kk dj ldrk gS fd og ,sls le; ds Hkhrj] tks mDr vkns”k ea s fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k] fdlh ,sls nks’k dks nwj djus dk mik; djs] tks mlds fopkj ls ml dj esa vFkok ml ij ds fu/kkZj.k ;k olwyh dh iz.kkyh es a fo|eku gksA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj ds lek/kkuizn :Ik ea s mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k dk ikyu djus ea s øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds vlQy ;k vleFk Z jgus ij] jkT; ljdkj vf/klpw uk izdkf”kr djds] mDr dj ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds mn~xzg.k dks ml le; rd ds fy, tc rd fd ,slk nks’k nwj u gks tk; fuyfEcr dj ldrh gS ;k ,sls dj dks lekIr ;k de dj ldrh gSA lesfdr dj 138&& ¼1½ /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼,d½] ¼nl½ vkSj ¼X;kjg½ ea s of.kZr djks a dk lesdu djks a ds fu/kkZj.k] mn~xzg.k vFkok olwyh ds iz;kstu ds fy, u fd mlds vf/kjksi.k ;k mles a NwV nsus ds iz;kstu ds fy, øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdUgha ,sls nks ;k vf/kd djks a dks tks Hkou ;k Hkwfe vFkok nksuks a ij vf/kjksfir fd;s tk;s]a lesfdr dj ldsxhA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd lesfdr dj ls lEcfU/kr vkSj fdlh O;fDr dks rnUrxZr mlds nkf;Ro dh lwpuk nsus vFkok /kkjk 129 ;k 130 ds micU/kka s dk ikyu lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, lesfdr dj ds lEcfU/kr vkSj mlds iz;kstukFkZ iz;qDr fdlh jftLVj vkSj dj fu/kkZj.k lwph es a øuxjikfydkÀ1 mles a lekfo’V fofHkUu djks a es a lesfdr dj dks izHkkftr djsxh] ftlls izR;sd vyx&vyx dj ds v/khu fu/kkZfjr ;k olwy dh xbZ /kujkf”k yxHkx ea s fn[kkbZ tk ldsA 139&& ¼1½ lesfdr dj dk fu/kkZj.k djrs le; mlesa lekfo’V fdlh ,dy dj NwV ds fy, visf{kr ea s dksbZ vkaf”kd ;k iw.kZr% NwV izHkkoh gksxhA dVkSfr;ka ¼2½ ;g fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls izHkkoh gksxh & 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 81 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 140&141À ¼d½ vkaf”kd NwV dh n”kk es]a lesfdr dj dh] tks ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a ds lEcU/k es a ftUgsa dj ea s ,slh NwV nh x;h gks] vU;Fkk mn~xzg.kh; ;k fu/kkZfjr gksrh] dqy /kujkf”k esa ls ,slh /kujkf”k ds] tks vU;Fkk ,dy dj ds dkj.k fu/kkZfjr dh x;h gksrh] NwV ds leuq:Ik vuqikfrd Hkkx dh dVkSrh djds( vkSj ¼[k½ iw.kZ NwV dh n”kk es a ,slh dqy /kujkf”k ea s ls ,dy dj ds dkj.k fu/kkZfjr lEiw.kZ /kujkf”k dh dVkSrh djdsA Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksukas ds okf’kZd ewY; ij dj fu/kkZj.k vkSj mn~xzg.k 140&& ¼1½ ^okf’kZd ewY;* ls rkRi;Z gS & okf’kZd ewY; dh ifjHkk’kk ¼d½ jsyos LVs”kuks]a gksVyksa] dkWystks]a Ldwyks]a fpfdRlky;ks]a dkj[kkuks a vkSj vU; ,sls Hkouks a dh n”kk ea s Hkou&fuekZ.k dks orZeku vuqekfur ykxr vkSj mlls vuqyXu Hkwfe ds vuqekfur ewY; dks tksM+dj fudkyh xbZ /kujkf”k dk ikap izfr”kr ls vuf/kd dk vuqikr] ftls bl fufeŸk cuk, x, fu;e }jk fuf”pr fd;k tk;xs k( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe dh n”kk es]a tks [k.M ¼d½ ds micU/kks a ds vUrxZr u vkrh gks] og ldy okf’kZd fdjk;k ftl ij ,slk Hkou] mles a QuhZpj ;k e”khujh dks NksM+dj ;k ,slh Hkwfe okLro es a iV~Vs ij nh xbZ gks ;k tgka Hkou ;k Hkwfe iV~Vs ij u nh xbZ gks rks og ldy okf’kZd fdjk;k] ftl ij mls ;qfDr;qDr :Ik ls o’kZ izfro’kZ iV~Vs ij fn, tkus dh izR;k”kk dh tk ldrh gSA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh jk; es a fdlh dkj.k ls ;k vlk/kkj.k ifjfLFkfr es a fdlh Hkou ds okf’kZd ewY; ;fn mi;qZDr jhfr ls x.kuk dh xbZ gks] vR;f/kd gks] ogka ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 fdlh Hkh de /kujkf”k ij tks mls U;k; laxr izrhr gks] okf’kZd ewY; ij fu;r dj ldrk gSA 141&& tc Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a ij dj vf/kjksfir fd;k tk; rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 dj fu/kkZj.k lwph dk øle;&le; ij uxjikfydk {ks= ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ea s lHkh Hkouks a ;k Hkwfe nksuks a dh ,d rS;kj fd;k tkuk dj fu/kkZj.k lwph rS;kj djk,xkÀ1] ftles a fuEufyf[kr fooj.k gksxk & ¼d½ ekxZ ;k eksgYys dk uke] tgka lEifŸk fLFkr gks( ¼[k½ lEifŸk dk vfHk/kku ;k rks uke ls ;k la[;k ls] tks igpku ds fy, Ik;kZIr gks( ¼x½ Lokeh vkSj v/;klh dk uke] ;fn Kkr gks( ¼?k½ iV~Vs ij nsus dk okf’kZd ewY; ;k vU; fooj.k] tks okf’kZd ewY; vo/kkfjr djs( vkSj ¼³½ ml ij fu/kkZfjr dj dh /kujkf”kA ¼2½ ,slh dj fu/kkZj.k lwph cukus ds iz;kstu ds fy, uxjikfydk le;&le; ij ikfjJfed lfgr ;k jfgr fdlh O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a dks] pkgs os lnL; gks ;k u gks] fu;qDr dj ldrh gS vkSj bl izdkj fu;qDr fd;k x;k ;k fd;s x;s O;fDRk ,sls iz;kstu ds fy, fdlh lEc) lEifŸk dk fujh{k.k dj ldrs gSaA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3 o’kZ 1987 ds v/;k;&ikap dh /kkjk 15 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 82 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 142&145À 142&& tc dj fu/kkZj.k lwph rS;kj gks tk; rks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ml LFkku ds lwph dk izdk”ku lEcU/k es]a tgka ij lwph ;k mldh izfr dk fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxk] lkoZtfud uksfVl nsxh vkSj ,slk izR;sd O;fDr] tks lwph es a lfEefyr dh xbZ lEifŸk dk ;k rks Lokeh ;k v/;klh gksus dk nkok djs vkSj ,sls O;fDr dk dksbZ vfHkdrkZ mDr lwph dk fujh{k.k dj ldsxk vkSj mlls fu%”kqYd m)j.k y s ldsxkA 143&& ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 mlh le; de ls de ,d ekl dh lkoZtfud uksfVl lwph ea s izfof’V;ks a ij nsxh] ftuds Ik”pkr~ tc og lwph esa izfo’V ewY;kadu vkSj dj&fu/kkZj.k ij fopkj djus dh vkifŸk dk;oZ kgh djsxh vkSj ,sls lHkh ekeyksa esa] ftues a fdlh lEifŸk ij izFke ckj dj fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gks ;k dj fu/kkZj.k es a o`f) dh xbZ gks rks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 lEifŸk ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks ;fn Kkr gks] mldks Hkh uksfVl nsxhA ¼2½ ewY;kadu vkSj dj fu/kkZj.k ds lEcU/k es a lHkh vkifŸk;k¡ uksfVl es a fuf”pr fnukad ds iwoZ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dks fyf[kr vkosnu&i= }kjk dh tk;xs h] ftles a ,sls dkj.k mfYyf[kr fd;s tk;asxs] ftuds vk/kkj ij ewY;kadu rFkk dj&fu/kkZj.k ij vkifŸk dh x;h gS] vkSj bl izdkj fn, x;s lHkh vkosnu i= ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk bl iz;kstu ds fy, j[kh xbZ iqfLrdk ea s jftLVªhdr` fd;s tk;sxa sA ¼3½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ;k lfefr] ftls bl fufeŸk izR;k;kstu }kjk vf/kdr` fd;k x;k gks ;k ljdkj vFkok ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dk ,slk vf/kdkjh] ftls fofgr izkf/kdkjh dh vuqefr ls ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 izR;k;kfstr djs vkSj ladYi }kjk bl fufeŸk “kfDr dk izR;k;kfstr djus ds fy, bl izdkj ,rn}kjk vf/kdr` fd;k tk;] vkosnd dks Lo;a ;k mlds vfHkdrkZ dks lquokbZ dk volj nsus d s Ik”pkr~ & ¼d½ vkifŸk;ks a dh tkap vkSj fuLrkj.k djsxk( ¼[k½ mlds ifj.kke dks mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu j[kh xbZ iqfLrdk es a ntZ djk,xk( vkSj ¼x½ ,sls ifj.kke ds vuqlkj dj fu/kkZj.k lwph ea s vko”;d la”kks/ku djk;xs kA 144&& ¼1½ tc /kkjk 143 ds v/khu dh xbZ lHkh vkifŸk;ks a dk fuLrkj.k gks x;k gks lwph dk vf/kizek.khdj.k vkSj mDr /kkjk mi/kkjk ¼3½ }kjk visf{kr lHkh la”kks/ku dj fu/kkZj.k lwph ea s dj fn, x, gks a vkSj mldh vfHkj{kk rks mDr lwph dk vf/kizek.khdj.k v/;{k ds gLrk{kj ls ;k /kkjk 143 ds v/khu fdlh lfefr dh ;k ¿ljdkj dsÀ3 vykok ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh vf/kdkjh dks izR;k;kts u fd, tkus dh n”kk es a ,slh lfefr ds de ls de nks lnL;ks a ds gLrk{kj ls ;k iwoksDZ r vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj ls fd;k tk;sxk vkSj lwph dks bl izdkj vf/kizek.khd`r djus okys ;k djus okyk O;fDr ;g izekf.kr djsxk fd lE;d :Ik ls dh xbZ lHkh vkifŸk;ks a ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj ,slh vkifŸk;ks a ij fd;s x;s fu.kZ;ks a ds vis{kkuqlkj lwph la”kksf/kr dj nh x;h gSA ¼2½ bl izdkj vf/kizek.khd`r lwph øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk;kyZ ; eas tek dj nh tk;xs h vkSj rnqijkUr og lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk fujh{k.k ds fy, miyC/k ?kksf’kr dh tk;sxhA 145&& ¼1½ lk/kkj.kr;k izR;sd ikap o’kZ ea s ,d ckj ubZ dj fu/kkZj.k lwph /kkjk 141 lwph dk iqujh{k.k vkSj ls 144 rd ea s fofgr jhfr ls rS;kj dh tk;xs hA mldh vof/k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- ,MsIVs”ku vWkQ ykW vkMZj] 1950 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 83 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 145d&147À ¼2½ /kkjk 147 ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh ifjorZu ;k la”kks/ku vkSj /kkjk 160 ds v/khu dh xbZ fdlh vihy ds ifj.kke ds v/khu jgrs gq, ewY;kadu lwph es a izfo’V izR;sd ewY;kadu ;k dj fu/kkZj.k øuxjikfydk {ks= ;k mlds Hkkx ea s mDr lwph ds izzHkkoh gksus ds fnukad ls vkSj ubZ lwph ds iw.kZ gksus ds Bhd Ik”pkr~ vkxkeh ekl ds izFke fnu rdÀ2 fof/k ekU; jgsxkA ø145&d&& bl vf/kfu;e es a vU;= fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh øuxjikfydkÀ4 mŸkj izns”k vf/kfu;e fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk fofuf”pr dj ldsxh fd mŸkj izns”k ¼{ks=½ Hkwfe vkSj Hkou dj la[;k 12] 1952 ds v/khu vo/kkfjr lEifŸk ds ewY; vf/kfu;e] 1962 dh /kkjk 4 ds [k.M ¼2½ ds v/khu Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk vo/kkfjr djk/ks; ewY; dk vaxhdj.k bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, okf’kZd ewY; gksxkAÀ1 146&& dj fu/kkZj.k lwph ea s dh xbZ dksbZ izfof’V & lwph ea s izfof’V;ks a dk fu”pk;d gksuk ¼d½ mDr lwph ea s fufnZ’V dj ls lEc) fdlh Hkh iz;sktu ds fy, lwph ls lEcfU/kr vof/k ds nkSjku] fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds lEcU/k es a mn~xzg.kh; /kujkf”k dk( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh vU; uxjikfydk dj ds fu/kkZj.k ds iz;kstu ds fy, mDr vof/k ds nkSjku fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds okf’kZd ewY; dk( fu”pk;d izek.k gksxhA 147&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk fdlh Hkh le; dj fu/kkZj.k lwph es a fuEufyf[kr :Ik es a lwph ea s la”kks/ku vkSj ifjorZu ;k la”kks/ku dj ldrh gS& ifjorZu ¼d½ mles a fdlh ,sls O;fDr ;k ,slh lEifŸk dk uke] ftldh izfof’V gksuh vko”;d Fkh ;k fdlh ,slh lEifŸk dks] tks dj&fu/kkZj.k lwph es a vf/kizek.khd`r gksus ds Ik”pkr~ djk/kku ds fy, nk;h dks x;h gks] izfof’V djds( ;k ¼[k½ mlea s fdlh lEifŸk ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ds uke ds LFkku ij fdlh vU; O;fDr dk uke] ftlus vUrj.k }kjk ;k vU; izdkj ls lEifŸk dk LokfeRo ;k v/;klu dk mŸkjkf/kdkj izkIr fd;k gks] izfrLFkkfir djds( ;k ¼x½ fdlh lEifŸk ds] ftldk øewY;kadu ;k dj fu/kkZj.k xyr gks x;k gS ;k ftldk ewY;kadu ;k fu/kkZj.k diV] feF;k ;k =qfV ds dkj.k xyr fd;k gSÀ3 ewY;kadu ;k dj fu/kkZj.k es a o`f) djds( ;k ¼?k½ fdlh lEifŸk dk ftldk ewY; Hkou ea s fd, x, ifjo)Zu ;k ifjorZu ds dkj.k c<+ x;k gks] iqu% ewY;kadu ;k iqu% dj fu/kkZj.k djds( ;k ¼³½ tgka okf’kZd ewY; dk] ftl ij dksbZ dj mn~xzghr fd;k tkuk gks] izfr”kr øuxjikfydkÀ4 }kjk /kkjk 136 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;k gks] ogka izR;sd ekey s ea s ns; dj dh /kujkf”k ea s rn~uq:Ik djds( ;k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 3 o’kZ 1987 ds v/;k;&ikap dh /kkjk 16 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 17 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 84 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 148&149À ¼p½ Lokeh ds vkosnu&i= nsus ij ;k ,sls larks’kizn lk{; ij fd Lokeh dk irk ugha py jgk gS vkSj deh djus dh vko”;drk fl) dj nh xbZ gS] Loizsj.kk ls fdlh ,sls Hkou ds] tks iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% rksM+ fn;k x;k gS ;k u’V dj fn;k x;k gS] ewY;kadu ea s deh djds( ;k ¼N½ fdlh ¿fyfidh; x.kuk lEcU/kh ;k vU; izR;{kÀ1 Hkwy dks Bhd djds( ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh fgrc) O;fDr dks ,sls ifjorZu dh] ftls ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½] ¼[k½] ¼x½ ;k ¼?k½ ds v/khu djus dk izLrko djs vkSj ml fnukad ds lEcU/k es a tc mDr ifjorZu fd;k tk;sxk] de ls de ,d ekl dh uksfVl nsxhA ¼3½ /kkjk 143 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ ds micU/k] tks rnUrxZr of.kZr vkifŸk;ks a ij ykxw gksrs gSa] ;FkklEHko] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu nh xbZ uksfVl ds vuqlj.k ea s dh xbZ fdlh vkifŸk ij vkSj mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼p½ ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh vkosnu&i= ij ykxw gksxa sA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fd;k x;k izR;sd ifjorZu /kkjk 144 }kjk izkf/kdr` O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a ds gLrk{kjksa ls vf/kizek.khd`r fd;k tk;xs k vkSj /kkjk 160 ds v/khu dh xbZ vihy ds ifj.kke ds v/khu jgrs gq, ml fnukad ls izHkkoh gksxk tc vxyh fdLr ns; gksA 148&& ¼1½ tc fdlh Hkou dk fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k ;k foLrkj fd;k tk; rks Lokeh la”kks/ku ds iz;kstu ds ,sls Hkou dk fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k ;k foLrkj iwjk gks tkus ds fnukad ls vFkok ,sls Hkou ds fy, lwpuk nsus dh ck/;rk v/;klu ds fnukad ls] mlessa ls tk Hkh fnukad igy s gks] iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 dks mldh uksfVl nsxkA ¼2½ dksbZ O;fDr] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk visf{kr uksfVl nsus ea s vlQy jgs] nks’k&fl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls nf.Mr fd;k tk;xs k] tks ipkl :Ik;s rd vFkok ,sls fuekZ.k ;k foLrkj ij rhu ekl d s fy, ns; dj dh nl xquh /kujkf”k rd] bles a tks Hkh vf/kd gk]s gks ldrk gSA 149&& ¼1½ fu;e }kjk fd, x, vU;Fkk micU/k ds flok;] Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a okf’kZd ewY; ij dfri; ds okf’kZd ewY; ij izR;sd dj ¼lektZu ij ;k “kkSpky; vkSj laMkl dh lQkbZ ds fy, dj dj Hkqxrku djus dk nkf;Ro ls fHkUUk½ izFker% ,slh lEifŸk ds] ftl ij mDr dj fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gks]a okLrfod v/;klh ls olwy fd;k tk;sxk( ;fn og mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk Lokeh gS ;k og mUgs a ljdkj ;k ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ls Hkou lEcU/kh ;k vU; iV~Vs ij ;k fdlh O;fDRk ls Hkou lEcU/kh iV~Vs ij /kkj.k djrk gksA ¼2½ fdlh vU; n”kk es a dj izFker% fuEufyf[kr :Ik ls mn~xzg.kh; gksxk( vFkkZr~ & ¼d½ ;fn lEifŸk iV~Vs ij nh xbZ gks rks iV~VdrkZ ls( ¼[k½ ;fn lEifŸk f”kdeh iV~Vs ij nh xbZ gks rks ofj’B iV~VkdrkZ ls( ¼x½ ;fn lEifŸk iV~Vs ij u nh xbZ gks rks ml O;fDr ls] ftles a ml iV~Vs ij nsus dk vf/kdkj fufgr gksA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la0 1 o’kZ 1955 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 85 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 150&151À ¼3½ izFker% nsunkj O;fDr ls ,sls dj ds :Ik es a ns; dksbZ jde olwy u gksus ij øuxjikfydkÀ1 mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds] ftlds lEcU/k es a og ns; gks] fdlh Hkkx ds v/;klh ls ml dj dk ,slk Hkkx olwy dj ldrk gS] ftldk lEiw.kZ ns; dj dh /kujkf”k ls ogh vuqikr gks] tks vuqikr ,sls v/;klh }kjk lans; okf’kZd fdjk, dh /kujkf”k dk mDr lEiw.kZ Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds lEcU/k ea s lans; fdjk, dh dqy /kujkf”k ls ;k vf/kizek.khd`r fu/kkZj.k&lwph es a muds iV~Vs ij nsus d s ewY; dh dqy /kujkf”k ls gksA ¼4½ dksbZ v/;klh] tks ,slk Hkqxrku djrk gS] ftlds fy, og iwoZxkeh micU/kks a ds v/khu izFker% nsunkj ugha gS] fdlh izfrdwy lafonk ds u gksus ij] izFker% yus nkj O;fDr }kjk izfriwfrZ fd;s tkus dk gdnkj gksxkA 150&& ¼1½ Hkwfe ;k Hkou ;k nksuks a ds okf’kZd ewY; ij lEektuZ ij ;k “kkSpky; ,sls vU; djks a ds Hkqxrku vkSj laMkl dh lQkbZ ds fy, dj] ml lEifŸk ds] ftl ij mDr dj&fu/kkZfjr fd, x, dk nkf;Ro gks]a okLrfod v/;klh ls mn~xzg.kh; gksaxs % ¼2½ fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;fn ,slh lEifŸk ,d ls vf/kd v/;kfl;ks a dks iV~Vs ij nh xbZ gks rks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 vius fodYi ls okLrfod v/;kfl;ks a ds ctk; iV~VkdrkZ ls dj mn~xzghr dj ldrh gSA ¼3½ iV~VkdrkZ] ftlls mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dj mnxzghr fd;k tk;] fdlh izfrdwy lafonk ds u gksus ij mDr dj fdlh ;k lHkh okLrfod v/;kfl;ks a ls olwy dj ldrk gSA 151&& iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% fdlh ioZrh; {ks= es a fLFkr uxjikfydk {ks= ls fHkUu vu/;klu ds dkj.k NwV uxjikfydk {ks= es]a tc dksbZ Hkou ;k Hkwfe fdlh o’kZ ea s yxkrkj uCcs ;k mlls vf/kd fnuks a rd fjDr jgh gks vkSj mlls dksbZ fdjk;k u feyk gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 ml o’kZ ds dj ea s mruh NwV nsxk ;k mruk okil dj nsxk] tks mrus fnuks a dh la[;k ds vuqikr ea s gksxk] ftrus fnu mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe fjDr jgh gks vkSj mlls fdjk;k u feyk gksA ¼2½ tc fdlh ,slh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds fdlh Hkou ea s vyx&vyx fuokl x`g gks] ftues a ls ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd fuoklx`g iwoksDZ r fdlh vof/k es a fjDr jgs gks vkSj fdjk;k u feyk gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dj ;k fdLr ds ,sls Hkkx ls ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ NwV ns ldrk gS ;k mls okil dj ldrk gS] tSlk fd fu;e }kjk fofgr fd;k tk;A ¼3½ fdUrq izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dj es a rc rd dksbZ NwV ugha nh tk;sxh tc rd fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks bl rF; dh fyf[kr uksfVl u ns nh xbZ gks fd Hkou ;k Hkwfe fjDr gS vkSj mlls dksbZ fdjk;k ugha fey jgk gS vkSj ;g Hkh fd ,slh uksfVl fn, tkus d s fnukad ds iwoZ dh fdlh vof/k ds fy, dj es a dksbZ NwV ugha nh tk;xs h vkSj u mls okil fd;k tk;xs kA ¼4½ mu rF;ks a dks izekf.kr djus dk Hkkj mlh O;fDr dk gksxk] tks bl /kkjk ds v/khu mipkj ikus d s fy, gdnkj gksA ¼5½ bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, dksbZ Hkou ;k Hkwfe fjDr ugha le>h tk;xs h] ;fn og euksjatu LFky vFkok uxj x`g ;k xzkE; x`g ds :Ik es a vuqjf{kr dh tkrh gks vFkok u ;g le>k tk;sxk fd mlls fdjk;k ugha fey jgk gS ;fn mls ,sls fdjk;snkj dks iV~Vs ij fn;k x;k gS] ftldks mlds v/;klu dk fujUrj vf/kdkj gks] pkgs og mlds okLrfod v/;klu es a gks ;k u gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 139 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 86 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 152&157À 152&& ¼1½ fdlh ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk Lokeh] ftlds fy, iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds v/khu iqu% v/;klu dh uksfVl dj es a NwV nsus ;k mldh okilh ds fy, vkosnu fd;k x;k gks ;k ,slh NwV ns nh xbZ gks nsus dh ck/;rk ;k okil dj fn;k x;k gks] mldk Lokeh ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk iqu% v/;klu djus ds iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj iqu% v/;klu dh uksfVl nsxkA ¼2½ dksbZ Lokeh] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk visf{kr uksfVl nsus ls vlQy jgs] nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls tqekZus ls nf.Mr fd;k tk;xs k] tks ml dj dh /kujkf”k ds tks ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ij ml vof/k ds fy, ns; gks] ftlesa og fcuk uksfVl ds iqu% v/;kflr dh xbZ gks] nqxqus ls de u gksxk vkSj tks ipkl #i;s rd ;k ml dj dh /kujkf”k ds nl xqus rd] bles a tks Hkh vf/kd gk]s gks ldrk gSA laxzg] la/kku] NwV vkSj djk/kku lEcU/kh vU; fo’k; 153&& fuEufyf[kr fo’k;] flok; tgka rd fd muds fy, bl vf/kfu;e es a dj fu/kkZj.k] laxzg vkSj micU/k fd;k tk;]s fu;ekoyh }kjk vf/kfu;fer vkSj fu;af=r gkasxs( vFkkZr~ & vU; fo’k;ks a ds lEcU/k es a fu;ekoyh ¼d½ djks a dk fu/kkZj.k] laxzg ;k la/kku ø***À1 ( ¼[k½ djks a ds vioapu dk fuokj.k ( ¼x½ ,slh iz.kkyh] ftlds vuqlkj dj okil fd, tkus dh vuqKk nh tk;xs h vkSj mudk Hkqxrku fd;k tk;xs k( ¼?k½ fdlh dj ds lEcU/k es a Hkqxrku djus dh ekax ds uksfVl ds fy, vkSj djLFke~ vf/ki= ds fu’iknu ds fy, Qhl( ¼³½ djLFke~ fd, x, Ik”kq/ku ds vuqj{k.k ds fy, izHkk;Z njs a ( vkSj ¼p½ djks a ls lEc) dksbZ vU; fo’k;] ftlds lEcU/k ea s bl vf/kfu;e ea s dksbZ micU/k u gks ;k vi;kZIr micU/k fd;k x;k gks vkSj jkT; ljdkj dh jk; ea s ,slk micU/k djuk vko”;d gksA 154&& ø***À2 155&& ø***À2 155&d& ø***À2 156&& ¼1½ fdlh fu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] uxjikfydk fofgr iz”keu izkf/kdkjh }kjk iq’V fd, x, fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk] ;g O;oLFkk dj ldsxh fd lHkh ;k fdUgha O;fDr;ks a dks dj dk iz”keu djus dh vuqKk nh tk ldrh gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh dj ds iz”keu ds dkj.k ns; izR;sd jkf”k v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldsxhA 157&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kjksfir dj ;k dj ds fdlh NwV va”k dk Hkqxrku fd, tkus ls fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks mldh jk; es a fu/kZurk ds dkj.k mldk Hkqxrku djus ea s vleFk Z gks] ,d o’kZ ls vuf/kd dh vof/k ds fy, NwV ns ldsxh vkSj ,slh NwV ftruh ckj og vko”;d le>s] iqu% ns ldsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1991 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 3 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 4 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 87 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 158&160À ¼2½ uxjikfydk fofgr izkf/kdkjh }kjk iq’V fd, x, fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk( fdlh O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a ds oxZ dks vFkok fdlh lEifŸk ds izdkj dks] bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kjksfir fdlh dj ;k dj ds fdlh va”k ds Hkqxrku fd, tkus ls NwV ns ldsxhA ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj] vkns”k }kjk fdlh O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a ds oxZ dks vFkok fdlh lEifŸk ;k lEifŸk ds izdkj dks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kjksfir fdlh dj ;k dj ds fdlh va”k dk Hkqxrku fd, tkus ls NwV ns ldsxhA 158&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu uxjikfydk ;k dbZ dj&fu/kkZj.k izkf/kdkjh] nkf;Ro izdV djus dh fyf[kr lalwpuk }kjk uxjikfydk ds fdlh fuoklh ls ,slh lwpuk nsus ;k ,sls vfHkys[k] ck/;rk y[s kk cgh vkSj nLrkost izLrqr djus dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS] tks fuEufyf[kr dks vfHkfuf”pr djus d s fy, vko”;d gks & ¼d½ D;k ,slk fuoklh bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kjksfir fdlh dj dk nsunkj gS( ¼[k½ ml ij fdruh /kujkf”k dk dj fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,( ¼x½ ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk] tks mlds v/;klu esa gks] okf’kZd ewY; vkSj mlds Lokeh dk uke o irkA ø¼2½ ;fn dksbZ fuoklh] ftlls lwpuk nsus ;k vfHkys[k] y[s kk cgh ;k nLrkost izLrqr djus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gks] mls u ns ;k izLrqr u dj lds ;k mls ns ;k izLrqr djs vkSj uxjikfydk ;k dj fu/kkZj.k izkf/kdkjh dks xyr ;k viw.kZ izrhr gks rks ;FkkfLFkfr uxjikfydk ;k dj fu/kkZj.k izkf/kdkjh ,slh tkap ds Ik”pkr~ ftls og vko”;d le>s] vius loksŸZ ke foosdkuqlkj dj&fu/kkZj.k dj ldsxkAÀ1 159&& /kkjk 287 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ es a fofufnZ’V “krksa Z vkSj fucZU/kuks a ds v/khu jgrs irk yxkus dh “kfDr gq, v/;{k] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj ;fn bl fufeŸk ladYi }kjk izkf/kdr` fd;k x;k gks rks uxjikfydk dk dksbZ vU; lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ewY;kadu ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, fdlh Hkou ea s izos”k dj ldrk gS] mldk fujh{k.k dj ldrk gS rFkk mls eki ldrk gS vFkok fdlh ?kqM+lky ;k okgux`g ;k vU; LFkku esa] ftlds lEcU/k es a ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd ogka okgu ;k Ik”kq gSa] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu djk/kku ds ;ksX; gS] es a izos”k dj ldrk gS vkSj mldk fujh{k.k dj ldrk gSA ¿159&d&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh dj dh /kujkf”k dh lax.kuk djus ea s vadks dks iw.kkZafdr djuk #i;s dk Hkkx] tks ikap iSls ls de gks ;k tks iakp iSls dk dksbZ xq.kd u gks] ;FkkfLFkfr ikap iSls ;k ikap iSls d s vxy s mPp xq.kd ea s iw.kkZafdr fd;k tk;xs kAÀ1 160&& ¼1½ Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuksas ds okf’kZd ewY; ij fu/kkZfjr fdl dj dh n”kk djk/kku ls lEcfU/kr es a /kkjk 143 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ;k /kkjk 147 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k ds vihy fo:) vihy vkSj fdlh vU; dj dh n”kk es]a fdlh dj fu/kkZj.k ;k dj fu/kkZj.k es a fd, x, fdlh ifjorZu ds fo:) vihy] ftyk eftLVªsV dks ;k ,sls vU; vf/kdkjh dks] ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeŸk l”kDr fd;k tk;s] dh tk ldsxhA ¼2½ ø***À2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 140 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 88 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 161&164À 161&& ,slh dksbZ vihy rc rd u lquh tk;xs h vkSj u vo/kkfjr dh tk;xs h] tc ifjlhek vkSj nkokd`r dj rd fd && dk izkjfEHkd fu{ksi ¼d½ og vihy Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a ds okf’kZd ewY; ij fu/kkZfjr fd, x, dj dh n”kk ea s vkns”k ds ¼mldh izfrfyfi izkIr djus ds fy, visf{kr le; dks NksM+dj½ lalwfpr fd, tkus ds fnukad ds Bhd vkxkeh rhl fnu ds Hkhrj vkSj fdlh vU; dj dh n”kk es a dj fu/kkZj.k dh ;k dj fu/kkZj.k ds ifjorZu dh uksfVl ds izkIr gksus ds fnukad ds Bhd vkxkeh rhl fnu ds Hkhrj ;k ;fn dksbZ uksfVl u nh x;h gks rks dj&fu/kkZj.k ;k dj fu/kkZj.k es a ifjorZu ds v/khu izFke ekax ds fnukad ds Bhd vkxkeh rhl fnu ds Hkhrj u dh xbZ gks( vkSj ¼[k½ vihykFkhZ us ftl /kujkf”k dk nkok fd;k gks mls mlus uxjikfydk dk;kyZ ; es a fu{ksi u dj fn;k gksA 162&& ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 160 ds v/khu fdlh vihy lquokbZ ds nkSjku es]a fdlh dj mPp U;k;ky; dks funs”Z k ds nkf;Ro ;k dj fu/kkZj.k ds fl)kUr ds ckjs esa dksbZ ,slk iz”u mRiUUk gks ftl ij vihy lquus okys vf/kdkjh dks ;Fkksfpr lans; gks tk;s rks og ;k rks Loizsj.kk ls ;k fgrc) O;fDr ds vkosnu i= ij] ekey s ds rF;ks a vkSj ml iz”u dk ftl ij lUns; fd;k x;k gks] fooj.k rS;kj djsxk vkSj ml fooj.k dks ml iz”u ij viuh jk; ds lkFk mPp U;k;ky; dks fofu”p; ds fy, fufnZ’V djsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu funs”Z k fd, tkus ij ekey s dks Ik”pkr~orhZ dk;oZ kfg;ka] ;Fkk”kD; flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 dh izFke vuqlwph ds vkns”k 46 es a vUrfoZ’V mPp U;k;ky; ds funs”Z k ls lEcfU/kr fu;ekoyh ;k ,slh vU; fu;ekoyh ds vuqlkj dh tk;asxh] tks mPp U;k;ky; }kjk mDr lafgrk dh /kkjk 122 ds v/khu cuk;h tk;As 163&& ¼1½ izR;sd vihy es a okn O;; vihy dk fofu”p; djus okys vf/kdkjh ds okn O;; Lofoosdkuqlkj fn;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dks bl /kkjk ds v/khu vf/kfu.khZr fd;k x;k okn O;; øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk v/;k;&6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼3½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 vihykFkhZ dks vf/kfu.khZr fd, x, okn O;; dk øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks mlds Hkqxrku dk vkns”k lalwfpr fd, tkus ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ nl fnu ds Hkhrj] Hkqxrku djus es a vlQy jgs rks okn O;; dks vf/kfu.khZr djus okyk vf/kdkjh mu O;fDr;ks a dks ftudh vfHkj{kk es a uxjikfydk&fuf/k dk vo”ks’k gks] mDr /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku djus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gSA 164&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e ea s fd, x, micU/k ls fHkUu fdlh vU; jhfr ls ;k djk/kku ds fo’k; ds fdlh vU; izkf/kdkjh }kjk fdlh ewY;kadu ;k dj fu/kkZj.k ij u rks dksbZ fopkj fd;k lEcU/k es a flfoy vkSj nkf.Md U;k;ky;ks a dh tk;xs k vkSj u dj fu/kkZj.k fd, tkus ;k dj yxk, tkus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr ds nkf;Ro vf/kdkfjrk ij jksd ij dksbZ iz”u mBk;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ fdlh ewY;kadu ;k dj fu/kkZj.k vFkok dj&fu/kkZj.k ;k djk/kku ds nkf;Ro ds ckjs ea s fn, x, vkns”k dks iq’V djus] fujUr djus ;k mikUrfjr djus dk vihy izkf/kdkjh dk vkns”k vfUre gksxk % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 89 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 165&167À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd vihy izkf/kdkjh ds fy, ;g fof/k iw.kZ gksxk fd og bl ewy vkns”k ds fnukad ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj vkosnu&i= nsus ij ;k Loizsj.kk ls ,d vxzsŸkj vkns”k }kjk fdlh vihy ea s fn, x, vius vkns”k dk iqufoZyksdu djs % vxzsŸkj izfrcU/k ;g gS fd vihy izkf/kdkjh }kjk Loizsj.kk ls fdlh Hkh vkns”k dk iqufoZyksdu vkns”k ds fnukad ls rhu ekl d s Ik”pkr~ ugha fd;k tk;xs kA dj fu/kkZj.k vkSj ekax es a vkSipkfjd =fqV 165&& dksbZ dj fu/kkZj.k lwph ;k vU; lwph uksfVl fcy ;k ,slk vU; nLrkost O;ko`fŸk ftlea s fdlh dj] izHkkj] fdjk;k ;k “kqYd ds funs”Z k esa dksbZ O;fDr lEifŸk] oLrq ;k ifjfLFkfr fofufnZ’V dh xbZ gks ;k mlea s mudks fofufnZ’V djuk rkRif;Zr gks] dsoy bl dkj.k ls vfof/kekU; u gksxk fd mles a mDr O;fDr ds uke] fuokl&LFkku] dkjckj ;k mithfodk dk LFkku vFkok lEifŸk] oLrq ;k ifjfLFkfr ds fooj.k ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ =qfV gS ;k mles a dsoy fyfidh; Hkwy gS vFkok mlds izi= es a dksbZ =qfV gS vkSj vfHkKku ds iz;kstu ds fy, fdlh O;fDr] lEifŸk] oLrq ;k ifjfLFkfr dk Ik;kZIr o.kZu dj fn;k tkuk I;kIZr gksxk vkSj fdlh ,slh lEifŸk ds ftlds lEcU/k es a dj fn;k tkuk gks] Lokeh vFkok v/;klh dk uke fn;k tkuk vko”;d u gksxkA v/;k; 6 dfri; uxjikfydk nkoks a dh olwyh 166&& ¼1½ tSls gh dksbZ O;fDRk %& fcy izLrqr djuk ¼d½ fdlh ,sls dj ds lEcU/k es a øtks rqjUr ekax d, tkus ij ns; fdlh djÀ1 ls fHkUu gks] fdlh /kujkf”k dk( ;k ¼[k½ /kkjk 196 ds [k.M ¼x½ ;k /kkjk 229 ;k ty lEHkj.k ds lEcU/k esa /kkjk 230 ds v/khu ns; ;k fdlh vU; uxjikfydk lsok ;k midze ds lEcU/k es a ns; fdlh /kujkf”k dk( ;k ¼x½ bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k fu;ekoyh ;k mi fof/k }kjk bl v/;k; es a O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy dh tk ldus okyh ?kksf’kr fdlh vU; /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku djus dk nsunkj gks tk;s rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 lHkh lqfo/kkuqlkj “kh?kzrk ls bl izdkj nsunkj O;fDr;ks a dks fcy izLrqr djok;xs hA ¼2½ tc rd fd fu;e }kjk vU;Fkk micfU/kr u gks] dksbZ O;fDr izR;sd dj vkSj ykblsUl Qhl dk] ,slh vof/k ds izkjEHk gksus ij] ftlds lEcU/k es a ,slk dj ;k Qhl ns; gks] Hkqxrku djus d s fy, nsunkj le>k tk;xs kA 167&& ,slh izR;sd fcy ea s fuEufyf[kr fofufnZ’V fd;k tk,xk & fcy dh fo’k; oLrq ¼d½ ,slh vof/k] ftlds fy, vkSj lEifŸk] mithfodk] ifjfLFkfr;ka ;k dksbZ ckr] ftlds lEcU/k ea s /kujkf”k dk nkok fd;k x;k gks( vkSj ¼[k½ ,slk nkf;Ro ;k “kkfLr] tks Hkqxrku djus ea s pwd djus ea s izorZuh; gks( vkSj 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1991 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 5 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 90 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 168&170À ¼x½ ,slk le; ¼;fn dksbZ gks½] ftlds Hkhrj vihy fufnZ’V dh tk ldrh gS] tSlk fd /kkjk 161 es a micU/k fd;k x;k gSA 168&& ;fn ,slh /kujkf”k dk] ftlds fy, mi;qZDr ds vuqlkj fcy izLrqr fd;k ekax dh uksfVl x;k gks] mls izLrqr fd, tkus ds iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dk;kyZ ; ea s ;k ,sls O;fDr dks tks ,slk Hkqxrku izkIr djus d s fy, fofu;e }kjk vf/kdr` fd;k x;k gks] Hkqxrku u fd;k tk; s rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 mDr /kujkf”k ds Hkqxrku ds fy, nsunkj O;fDr dks vuqlwph 4 esa fu/kkZfjr ;k blh vk”k; ds izi= es a ekax dh uksfVl rkehy djk ldsxhA 169&& ¼1½ ;fn mDr /kujkf”k ds Hkqxrku ds fy, nsunkj O;fDr ,slh ekax dh okj.V tkjh djuk uksfVl rkehy gksus d s 15 fnu ds Hkhrj & ¼d½ uksfVl ea s ekaxh xbZ /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku u djs( ;k ¼[k½ ;FkkfLFkfr] øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks ;k ,sls vf/kdkjh dks] ftls øuxjikfydkÀ1 fofu;e }kjk bl fufeŸk fu;qDr djs ;k tgka dksbZ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh gks] ogka] ;FkkfLFkfr vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks lek/kkuizn :Ik es a ;g dkj.k u cuk; s fd mls D;ks a bldk Hkqxrku ugha djuk pkfg,] rks ,slh /kujkf”k] olwyh ds leLr O;; lfgr okj.V ds v/khu] tks vuqlwph 5 ds ;k blh vk”k;

ds izi= es a uxjikfydk }kjk tkjh djk;k tk;xs k] ckdhnkj dh taxe lEifŸk ds djLFke~ ;k fcdzh }kjk olwy dh tk ldrh gSA ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu tkjh fd, x, izR;sd okj.V ij uxjikfydk ds v/;{k ds ;k ,sls vf/kdkjh ds] ftls øuxjikfydkÀ1 y s fofu;e }kjk viuh “kfDr izR;k;kfstr dh gks ;k vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ds] ;fn dksbZ gks] gLrk{kj gksxa sA 170&& ¼1½ ,sls uxjikfydk vf/kdkjh ds fy,] ftls /kkjk 169 ds v/khu tkjh okj.V ds fu’iknu ds fd;k x;k okj.V lacksf/kr fd;k x;k gks] lw;ksnZ ; vkSj lw;kZLr ds chp] fdlh Hkh le; iz;kstu ds fy, cyiwoZd izos”k fdlh Hkou ds fdlh ckgjh ;k Hkhrjh njokt s ;k f[kM+dh dks rksM+dj mles a izos”k djuk fof/kiw.kZ gksxk] ftlls fuEufyf[kr ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a vkSj u fd vU;Fkk] okj.V es a fufnZ’V djLFke~ dk fu’iknu fd;k tk lds& ¼d½ ;fn okj.V es a ,slk dksbZ fo”ks’k vkns”k gks] ftles a mls bl fufeŸk izkf/kdr` fd;k x;k gks( vkSj ¼[k½ ;fn mls ;g fo”okl djus dk ;qfDr;qDr dkj.k gks fd Hkou ea s ,slh lEifŸk gS] tks okj.V ds v/khu tCr fd;s tkus ;kXs ; gS( vkSj ¼x½ ;fn viuk izkf/kdkj vkSj iz;kstu vf/klfwpr djus vkSj lE;d~ :Ik ls izos”k djus dh ekax djus d s Ik”pkr~ ;g vU;Fkk izos”k u dj ldsA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mDr vf/kdkjh efgykvks a ds jgus ds fy, vyx fd, x, fdlh d{k ls rc rd izos”k u djsxk vFkok mlds njokt s dks u rksM+xs k] tc rd fd mlus mu efgykvks a dks] tks mles a gks] ogka ls gV tks dk volj u ns fn;k gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 172 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 91 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 171&172À 171&& ¼1½ ,sls vf/kdkjh ds fy, mi/kkjk ¼2½ rFkk ¼3½ ds iz;kstuks a ds v/khu jgrs okj.V fu"ikfnr djus dh gq,] ,sls O;fDr dh] ftldk uke] O;frdzeh ds :Ik ea s fn;k x;k gks] taxe lEifŸk dk] tgka jhfr dgha og ik;h tk;]s djLFke~ djuk fof/kiw.kZ gksxkA ¼2½ fuEufyf[kr lEifŸk dk djLFke~ ugha fd;k tk;sxk& ¼d½ O;frdzeh] mldh iRuh rFkk cPPkks a ds iguus ds vko”;d oL= vkSj fcLrj( ¼[k½ dkjhxjksa d s vkStkj( ¼x½ ys[kk cgh( ¼?k½ ;fn O;frdzeh d`’kd gks rks mlds d`f’k deZ ds midj.k] vUu cht vkSj ,sls Ik”kq] tks mlds thfodksiktuZ ds fy, vko”;d gksA ¼3½ djLFke~ vfr”k;iw.kZ u gksxk vFkkZr~ djLFke~ dh xbZ lEifŸk dk ewY;] ;FkklEHko] okj.V ds v/khu olwy dh tk ldus okyh /kujkf”k ds cjkcj gksxh vkSj ;fn ,slh oLrqvks a dk djLFke~ fd;k x;k gks] tks ml O;fDr dh jk; ea]s ftls /kkjk 169 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds }kjk ;k v/khu okj.V ij gLrk{kj djus ds fy, izkf/kdr` fd;k x;k gS] bl izdkj djLFke ugha dh tkuh pkfg, Fkh rks mUgas rqjUr okil dj fn;k tk;xs kA ¼4½ mDr vf/kdkjh lEifŸk dk vf/kxzg.k djus ij rqjUr mldh rkfydk cuk;sxk rFkk mls gVkus ds iwoZ ml O;fDr dks] ftlds dCts ea s og lEifŸk vf/kxzg.k ds le; jgh gks] vuqlwph 6 ea s fn, izi= ea s ,d fyf[kr uksfVl nsxk fd mDr lEifŸk csp nh tk;xs h] tSlk fd mDr uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;sxkA 172&& tc vfHkxzfgr lEifŸk “kh?kz vkSj izd`R;k {k;”khy gk s ;k tc mls vfHkj{kk ea s okj.V ds v/khu oLrq dh j[kus dk O;; olwy dh tkus okyh /kujkf”k lfgr mlds ewY; ls vf/kd gks tkus dh fcdzh vkSj vkxe dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk lEHkkouk gks rks v/;{k ;k vU; vf/kdkjh] ftlus okj.V ij gLrk{kj fd;s gks]a rqjUr ml O;fDr dks] ftlds dCts ls lEifŸk vf/kxzghr dh xbZ Fkh] bl vk”k; dk ,d uksfVl nsxk fd mls rqjUr csp fn;k tk;xs k vkSj ;fn okj.V es a crkbZ xbZ /kujkf”k dk rqjUr Hkqxrku ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks og rn~uqlkj mls csp nsxkA ¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu lEifŸk rqjUr u csp nh tk;s rks vfHkxzghr lEifŸk ;k mlds Ik;kZIr Hkkx dks okj.V fu’ikfnr djos okys vf/kdkjh }kjk rkehy fd, x, uksfVl es a fufnZ’V vof/k dh lekfIr ij ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds vkns”k ds v/khu lkoZtfud uhyke }kjk csp fn;k tk;xs k] tc rd fd okj.V ml O;fDr }kjk] ftlus ml ij gLrk{kj fd, gks]a fuyfECkr u dj fn;k tk; s ;k O;frdzeh ls ns; jkf”k dk uksfVl( okj.V vkSj djLFke~ vkSj lEifŸk dks fu:) j[kus ls lEcfU/kr lHkh vkuq’kafxd O;; lfgr] Hkqxrku u dj fn;k tk;As ¼3½ vf/k”k’sk dks ;fn dksbZ gks] rqjUr øuxjikfydkÀ1 fuf/k es a tek dj fn;k tk;xs k] blds lkFk&lkFk bl izdkj tek fd, x, vf/k”k’sk dh uksfVl ml O;fDr dks] ftlds dCts ls lEifŸk yh xbZ Fkh] fn;k tk;xs k fdUrq ;fn uksfVl ds fnukad ls ,d o’kZ ds Hkhrj øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks fyf[kr vkosnu&i= nsdj bldk nkok fd;k tk; rks mls ,sls O;fDr dks okil dj fn;k tk;sxkA dksbZ jde] ftlds lEcU/k es a uksfVl ds fnukad ls ,d o’kZ ds Hkhrj dksbZ nkok u fd;k tk;]s øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh lEifŸk gks tk;sxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 92 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 173&177À 173&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh O;frdzeh dh ;k ml ifjlj es]a ftlds lEcU/k es a ml ij øuxjikfydk {ks=À ds dj fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gks] øuxjikfydk {ks=À3 ds Hkhrj Ik;kZIr taxe lEifŸk] u ikbZ tk, ckgj lEifŸk ds izfr rks ftyk eftLVªsV øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds vkosnu i= ij] vius U;k;ky; ds fdlh vf/kdkjh fu’iknu ds ekeys es a izfdz;k dks& ¼d½ O;frdzeh dh fdlh ,slh taxe&lEifŸk ds] tks mDr eftLVªsV dh vf/kdkfjrk ds fdlh vU; Hkkx es a gks] djLFke~ vkSj fodz; ds fy,( ;k ¼[k½ O;frdzeh dh fdlh ,slh taxe&lEifŸk ds] tks mŸkj izns”k ea s vf/kdkfjrk dk iz;ksx djus okys fdlh vU; eftLVªsV dh vf/kdkfjrk es a gks djLFke vkSj fodz; ds fy,] viuk okj.V tkjh dj ldrk gSA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu dk;oZ kgh dh tkus dh n”kk es a vU; eftLVªsV bl izdkj tkjh fd, x, okj.V dks i`’Bkafdr djsxk vkSj mls fu’ikfnr djk;xs k vkSj olwy dh xbZ dksbZ /kujkf”k okj.V tkjh djus okys eftLVªsV dks izsf’kr djk;xs k] tks mls øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks izsf’kr dj nsxkA ø173&d&& ¼1½ tgka øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks fdlh O;fDr ls dj ørqjUr ekax fd, tkus Hkw&jktLo ds cdk;k ds ij ns; fdlh djÀ1 ls fHkUu ds dkj.k dksbZ jde ns; gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 olwyh ds :Ik es a dj dh olwyh fdlh vU; <ax ij dksbZ izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk dyDs Vj ls ,slh jde dks] dk;oZ kgh ds O;; lfgr] olwy djus d s fy, vkosnu dj ldrh gS] ekuks og Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k FkhA ¼2½ dyDS Vj] ;g lek/kku gks tkus ij fd mDr jde ns; gS] Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k ds :Ik es a mls olwy djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxkA 174&& ¼d½ /kkjk 168 ds v/khu tkjh fd, x, izR;sd uksfVl dh Qhl( Qhl vkSj O;; ¼[k½ /kkjk 171 ds v/khu fd, x, izR;sd djLFke~ dh Qhl( vkSj ¼x½ mDr /kkjk ds v/khu vfHkxzghr fdlh Ik”kq/ku ds Hkj.k&iks’k.k dk O;;( jkT; ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh es a bl fufeŸk dze”k% fofufnZ’V njks a ij izHkk;Z gksxk vkSj olwyh ds O;; esa lfEefyr fd;k tk;xs k] tks /kkjk 169 ds v/khu mn~xzghr fd;k tk;xs kA 175&& bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fd;k x;k dksbZ djLFke~ ;k fodz; fof/k fo:) O;ko`fŸk ugha le>k tk;sxk vkSj u ,slk dksbZ O;fDRk] fcy] uksfVl] djLFke~ ds okj.V] rkfydk ;k mlls lEcfU/kr fdlh vU; dk;oZ kgh es a dksbZ xyrh] =qfV ;k izi= dk vHkko gksus ds dkj.k vfrpkjh le>k tk;xs kA 176&& djLFkEk~ vkSj fodz; }kjk dk;oZ kgh djus ds cny s ea s ;k blls lEiw.kZ ekax okn ykus dh oSdfYid ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkxk olwy u gks ldus dh n”kk es a øuxjikfydkÀ2] l{ke vf/kdkfjrk okys “kfDr fdlh U;k;ky; es a ,sls O;fDr ds fo:)] tks mldk Hkqxrku djus ds fy, nsunkj gks] okn yk ldrh gSA 177&& Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k nksuks a gh ds okf’kZd ewY; ij vf/kjksfir dj ds dkj.k ns; djks a ea s LFkkoj lEifŸk dk leLr /kujkf”k] tks mu ij ljdkj dks ns; Hkw&jktLo ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ ds iwoZ Hkqxrku ds nkf;Ro v/khu jgrs gq,] ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ij izFke izHkkj gksxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 9 o’kZ 1991 ds v/;k;&nks dh /kkjk 6 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 141 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 93 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 178&179À v/;k; 7 Hkouks]a lkoZtfud ukfy;ksa] ekxksZa] vfXu”keu laektZu vkSj ty lEHkj.k ds ckjs es a “kfDr vkSj “kkfLr Hkou lEcU/kh fofu;e 178&& ¼1½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDRk ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À1 dh lhek ds Hkhrj & Hkou fuekZ.k djus ;k dqvka cukus ds vk”k; dh ¼d½ fdlh u;s Hkou dk ;k fdlh Hkou ds u;s Hkkx dk fuekZ.k uksfVl djus( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh Hkou dk iqfuekZ.k djus ;k mles a rkfRod ifjorZu djus( ;k ¼x½ dksbZ dvq ka cukus ;k mlea s foLrkj djus( dk dk; Z izkjEHk djus d s iwoZ øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks vius bl vk”k; dh uksfVl nsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V uksfVl] tks fdlh Hkou ds ekey s es a visf{kr gks] rHkh vko”;d gksxh] tgka Hkou fdlh ,sls lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k LFkku ;k lEifŸk ls] tks ljdkj ;k øuxjikfydkÀ ea s fufgr gks] layXu gks ;k mlls yxk gks] tc rd fd ml {ks= es]a ftles a Hkou fLFkr gks] ykxw fdlh mifof/k }kjk leLr Hkouks a ds fy, uksfVl nsus dh vko”;drk u gks tk;sA ¼3½ bl v/;k; vkSj fdlh mifof/k ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, fdlh Hkou es a fd, x, ifjorZu dks rkfRod ekuk tk;sxk] ;fn && ¼d½ fdlh Hkou ds LFkkf;Ro ;k mldh lqj{kk ij] Hkou dh n”kk ij] mldks ty fuLrkj.k laokru] lQkbZ ;k LokLF; dh n`f’V ls izfrdwy izHkko iM+rk gks ;k iM+us dh lEHkkouk gks( ;k ¼[k½ mlls Hkou dh ÅapkbZ ;k mlds }kjk vkPNkfnr {ks=Qy ;k mldh /ku /kkfjrk c<+ tkrh gks ;k ?kV tkrh gks ;k mlls Hkou es a fdlh dejs dh /ku&/kkfjrk fdlh mifof/k es a fofgr U;wure /ku&/kkfjrk ls de gks tkrh gks( ;k ¼x½ mlds dkj.k dksbZ ,slk Hkou ;k fdlh Hkou dks ,slk Hkkx] tks ewy :Ik ls vU; iz;kstuks a ds fy, fufeZr fd;k x;k gks] ekuoh; fuokl LFkku ds :Ik es a laifjofrZr gks tkrk gks( ¼?k½ og ,slk ifjorZu gks tks bl fufeŸk cukbZ xbZ fdlh mifof/k }kjk rkfRod ifjorZu ?kksf’kr fd;k x;k gksA 179&& ¼1½ tgka dksbZ ,slh mifof/k cukbZ xbZ gks] ftles a uksfVl ds vfrfjDr dksbZ uksfVl dks fof/kekU; lwpuk vkSj js[kkad fofgr vkSj visf{kr gks] ogka /kkjk 178 ds v/khu nh xbZ dksbZ uksfVl rc cukus ds fy, visf{kr js[kkad vkSj fofuns”Z k rd fof/kekU; ugha le>h tk;xs h tc rd fd ,slh mifof/k }kjk visf{kr lwpuk] ;fn dksbZ gks] øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks lek/kkuizn :Ik es a izLrqr u dj nh x;h gksA ¼2½ fdlh vU; ekey s es a øuxjikfydkÀ2 /kkjk 178 ds v/khu visf{kr uksfVl ds izkIr gksus ds ,d lIrkg ds Hkhrj ml O;fDr ls] ftlus uksfVl fn;k gks] ;g vis{kk dj ldrh gS fd og orZeku ;k izLrkfor Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx ;k dq,a dk js[kkad] fofuns”Z k rFkk Hkwfe ds LFky dk js[kkad ,sls vU; ;Fkksfpr C;kSjks a ds lkFk] ftUgas øuxjikfydkÀ2 viuh v/;is{kk ea s fofgr djs] izLrqr djs vkSj ,slh fLFkfr ea s mDr uksfVl rc rd fof/kekU; ugha le>h tk;xs h tc rd fd ,slk js[kkad vkSj fofuns”Z k uxjikfydk dks lek/kkuizn :Ik ea s izLrqr u dj fn, x, gksAa 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 141 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 94 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 180&180dÀ 180&& ¼1½ fdlh mifof/k ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fuekZ.k dk;Z dh Lohd`fr ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z dks] ftldks /kkjk 178 ds v/khu uksfVl fn;k x;k gks] ;k rks Lohdr` djus ls badkj dj ldsxh ;k mls iw.kZ :Ik ls vFkok fuEufyf[kr funs”Z kks a ds v/khu Lohdr` dj ldsxh %& ¼d½ dksbZ ,sls fy[kr funs”Z k] ftUgas øuxjikfydkÀ1 /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ^d* ds mi”kh’kZd ¼t½ es a mfYyf[kr leLr ;k fdUgha fo’k;ks a ds ckjs es a tkjh djuk mfpr le>s( ;k ¼[k½ dksbZ ,slk fyf[kr funs”Z k] ftlds vuqlkj fdlh Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx dks /kkjk 222 ds v/khu fofgr ekxZ dh fu;fer iafDr ea s ;k] mDr /kkjk ds v/khu dksbZ fu;fer iafDr fofgr u gksus dh n”kk es]a fdlh fudVorhZ Hkou ;k Hkouks a ds vxzHkkx dh iafDr ea s ihN s gVkuk visf{kr gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu Lohdf`r nsus ls badkj djus dh n”kk es]a øuxjikfydkÀ1 /kkjk 178 ds v/khu uksfVl nsus okys O;fDr dks fyf[kr :Ik ea s viuh Lohd`fr nsus ls badkj djus ds dkj.kks a dks lla wfpr djsxhA ¼3½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1] /kkjk 178 ds v/khu dksbZ fof/kekU; uksfVl izkIr gksus ds Ik”pkr~ ,d ekl rd mlds ckjs ea s mi/kkjk ¼1½ fofufnZ’V izdkj dk vkns”k tkjh djus vkSj mls ml O;fDr dks] ftlus mDr uksfVl fn;k gks] nsus easa mis{kk ;k pwd djsa rks ,slk O;fDr fyf[kr lalwpuk }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk /;ku ,slh vis{kk ;k pwd dh vksj vkd`’V dj ldrk gS vkSj ;fn mls mis{kk ;k pwd iUnzg fnu dh vxzsŸkj vof/k i;ZUr tkjh jgs rks ;g le>k tk;xs k fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 us izLrkfor dk;Z ds fy, iw.kZ :Ik ls Lohd`fr ns nh gSA ¼4½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mi/kkjk ¼3½ ea s nh xbZ fdlh ckr dk vFkZ ugha yxk;k tk;xs k fd dksbZ O;fDr bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fdlh mifof/k ds mYya?ku ea s dk; Z djus ds fy, izkf/kdr` gSA ¼5½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z dks] ftlds ckjs ea s /kkjk 178 ds v/khu uksfVl fn;k x;k gks rc rd izkjEHk ugha djsxk] tc rd fd bl /kkjk ds v/khu mldh Lohd`fr u ns nh xbZ gks ;k ;g u le> fy;k tk; s fd mlds fy, Lohdf`r ns nh xbZ gSA ¼6½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vius }kjk dh xbZ fdlh Lohdf`r dks N% ekl ds Hkhrj jn~n ;k mikUrfjr dj ldrh gS] ;fn ;g ik;k tk;s fd mDr Lohdf`r diV ;k nqO;Zins”ku ls izkIr dh xbZ Fkh vkSj rnUrxZrd`r fdlh fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fy, ;g le>k tk;xs k fd og fcuk ,slh Lohdf`r ds fd;k x;k gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh Lohdf`r dks jn~n ;k mikUrfjr djus ds iwoZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 lEc) i{k dks luq okbZ dk ;Fkksfpr volj nsxhA ø180&d && bl vf/kfu;e ea s ;k blds v/khu cuk;h x;h fdlh mifo/k es a fdlh dfri; ekeyks a ea s ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] lkoZtfud vkeksn ds fdlh Hkou ds fuekZ.k ;k ifjo)Zu ds fy, Lohdf`r vkeksn LFky ds fuekZ.k øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk jkT; ljdkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ds flok;] ugha nh tk;xs h] ;fn ,sls Hkou dh Lohd`fr nsus ds fy, øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh dk LFky ;k izLrkfor LFky & “kfDr ij fucZU/ku ¼d½ fuEufyf[kr ls ,d Qykax ds v)ZO;kl d s Hkhrj gks& ¼,d½ fdlh vkokfld laLFkk] tks fdlh ekU;rk izkIr f”k{k.k laLFkk] tSls dkWyts ] gkbZ Ldwy ;k dU;k fo|ky; ls lEc) gks( ;k ¼nks½ dksbZ lkoZtfud fpfdRlky;] ftles a vUrokZlh jksfx;ks a ds fy;s o`gÙk&d{k gks( ;k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 95 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 181&183À ¼rhu½ fdlh vukFkky;] ftlea s ,d lkS ;k vf/kd fuoklh jgrs gks( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh ,sls ?kuh vkcknh okys vkokfld {ks= esa gks] tks ;k rks vuU; :Ik ls vkokfld {ks= gks] ;k lkekU;r;k dkjckj ds iz;kstuks a ls lqfHkUu vkokfld iz;kstuks a ds fy, vkjf{kr gks] iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gks( ;k ¼x½ ,sls {ks= ea s fLFkr gks] tks fdlh vf/kfu;fer ds v/khu fdlh x`g fuekZ.k ;k fu;kstu lEcU/kh ;kstuk ds vUrxZr ;k vU; izdkj ls vkokfld iz;kstuks a ds fy, vkjf{kr gks % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh ,sls Hkou ds] ftls pyfp= izn”kZ ds fy, iz;qDr djuk vk”kf;r gks] fuekZ.k djus dh vuqKk rc rd u nh tk;sxh tc rd fd cksMZ dk ;g lek/kku u gks tk; s fd y[s kkadks a vkSj fofuns”Z ku ds fy, pyfp= vf/kfu;e] 1918 ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh ds vuqlkj Lohdf`r izkIr dj yh xbZ gSAÀ1 181&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk /kkjk 180 ds v/khu nh xbZ ;k nh xbZ le>h tkus okyh Lohd`fr dh vof/k Lohdf`r ,d o’kZ ds fy, ;k blds de ,slh vof/k ds fy,] tks mifof/k }kjk fofgr dh tk;] miyC/k jgsxh] øtc rd fd mls uxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk ,d o’kZ rd dh vxzsŸkj vof/k ds fy, u c<+k;k tk;As ¼2½ mDr vof/k ds lekIr gksus ds Ik”pkr~ izLrkfor fuekZ.k dk; Z dk izkjEHk ,slh ubZ Lohdf`r ds vuqlj.k ds flok;] ftlds fy, vkosnu fd;k x;k gks vkSj mlh /kkjk ds v/khu Lohdf`r nh xbZ gks] ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA 182&& øuxjikfydkÀ3 v/;{k] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj ;fn ladYi }kjk bl fufeŸk ,sls fuekZ.k dk;ksZa a izkf/kdr` fd;k tk; rks dksbZ vU; lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod fdlh fuekZ.k dk; Z dk] ftlds ckjs dk fujh{k.k] ftuds fy, es a /kkjk 178 ds v/khu uksfVl nsuk visf{kr gks] fdlh Hkh le; ij fcuk fdlh psrkouh ds & Lohd`fr visf{kr ¼d½ tc fd og fuekZ.kk/khu gks ( ;k gks ¼[k½ ,slh fjiksVZ izkIr gksus ds ,d ekl ds Hkhrj fd fuekZ.k dk; Z iwjk gks x;k gS ;k ,slh fjiksVZ izkIr u gksus ij] mlds iwjs gks tkus ds ckn fdlh Hkh le;] fujh{k.k dj ldrk gSA 183&& /kkjk 125 es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] /kkjk 178 ds v/khu uksfVl nsus okyk /kkjk 180 ds O;fDr] ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk /kkjk 180 ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh vkns”k ds dkj.k gqbZ {kfr ;k v/khu fn, x, vkns”k ds dkj.k gkfu ds fy, rc rd fdlh izfrdj dk gdnkj u gksxk] tc rd fd && {kfr ds fy, izfrdj ¼d½ vkns”k ,sls vk/kkj ls fHkUu vk/kkj ij u fn;k x;k gks fd izLrkfor fuekZ.k dk; Z ls fdlh mifof/k dk mYya?ku gksrk ;k turk ;k fdlh O;fDr ds LokLF; ;k lqj{kk ij mldk izfrdwy izHkko iM+xs k( ;k ¼[k½ vkns”k es a /kkjk 180 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ea s fofufnZ’V izdkj dk funs”Z k vUrfoZ’V u gks( ;k ¼x½ og vkns”k ,slk vkns”k u gks] ftlds }kjk fdlh Hkou ds iqu% fuekZ.k ds fy, bl vk/kkj ij Lohdf`r nsus ls badkj fd;k x;k gks fd og ifj{ks= ds js[kkad ;k ifjdYiuk ds vuqi;qDr gS ;k ,sls iz;kstu ds fy, vk”kf;r gS tks ml ifj{ks= ds fy, vuqi;qDr gS ;k mlls /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ¼d½ d s mi”kh’kZd ¼p½ d s v/khu fdlh mifof/k dk mYya?ku gksrk gSA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 96 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 184&188À 184&& ¼1½ /kkjk 180 ds v/khu nh xbZ ;k nh xbZ le>h xbZ Lohdf`r ls] ,sls /kkjk 180 ds v/khu O;fDr dks ftldks Lohdf`r nh xbZ gks ;k nh xbZ le>h xbZ gks] fdlh n.M ;k ,sls ifj.kke Lohd`fr dk izHkko ls] ftlds fy, og vU;Fkk /kkjk 185] 186 ;k 222 ds v/khu ftEesnkj gksrk] NwV nsus ds vfrfjDr dksbZ vf/kdkj ;k fu;ksXZ ;rk iznku u dh tk;xs h ;k lekIr u dh tk;sxh vkSj u og focU/k ;k Lohdf`r ds :Ik es a izo`Ÿk gksxh ;k u mlls lEifŸk ds fdlh gd ij dksbZ izHkko iM+xs k ;k mldk dksbZ fof/kd izHkko pkgs tk s gks] ugha gkxs kA ¼2½ fo”ks’kr% ,slh Lohdf`r bl izdkj izofrZr ugha gksxh fd mlls dksbZ O;fDr ,slh ck/;rk ls eqDr gks tk;s] tks /kkjk 209 es a fufnZ’V fdlh lajpuk ds fy, i`Fkd Lohdf`r izkIr djus d s fy, mDr /kkjk ds v/khu vf/kjksfir dh xbZ gksA 185&& dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks /kkjk 178 }kjk visf{kr uksfVl fn, fcuk ;k /kkjk 180 fdlh Hkou dk voS/k dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds micU/kks a dk ;k uxjikfydk ds ,sls vkns”k dk] ftleas Lohdf`r nsus ls fuekZ.k ;k ifjorZu badkj fd;k x;k gks ;k /kkjk 180 ds ;k fdUgha mifof/k;kas ds v/khu uxjikfydk }kjk fn, x, fdUgha fyf[kr funs”kks a dk mYya?ku djds fdlh Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx dk fuekZ.k] iqufuZek.k ;k mlea s dksbZ rkfRod ifjorZu ;k fdlh dq,a dk fuekZ.k ;k foLrkj vkjEHk djs] tkjh j[k s ;k lekIr djs] fl)nks’k Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus dk Hkkxh gksxk] tks ø,d gtkj #i;sÀ1 rd dks ldrk gS] fdUrq tks U;k;ky; ds fuekZ.k ea s mfYyf[kr fo”ks’k vkSj Ik;kZIr izfrdwy dkj.kks a ds u gksus ij] nks lkS ipkl #i;s ls de u gksxkA 186&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 fdlh Hkh le; fdlh Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks fdlh fuekZ.k dk;Z dks jksdus Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx ds fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k ;k ifjorZu ;k mlea s fdlh dq,a ds fuekZ.k ;k rFkk fufeZr Hkou dks fxjk nsus dh øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh foLrkj dh fdlh ,slh n”kk es a tgka uxjikfydk dk ;g fopkj gks fd bl izdkj dk “kfDRk fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k] ifjorZu] fuekZ.k ;k foLrkj /kkjk 185 ds v/khu dksbZ vijk/k gS] fyf[kr uksfVl nsdj jksdus dk funs”Z k ns ldrk gS vkSj blh izdkj] ;FkkfLFkfr ,sls Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx ;k dqa, ea s ifjorZu djus ;k mls fxjk nsus dk] ftls og vko”;d le>s] funs”Z k ns ldrk gSA 187&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 vfXu”keu ny dh LFkkiuk vkSj mldk vuqj{k.k dj ldsxh vfXu”keu ny dh vkSj ,sls midj.k] e”khu ;k vklpw uk nsus d s lk/kuksa dh O;oLFkk dj ldsxh] ftUgsa og vkx LFkkiuk vkSj mldk vuqj{k.k yxus dh jksdFkke vkSj mls cq>kus d s fy, vko”;d le>sA 188&& ¼1½ fdlh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 es a vkx yxus ds voj ij dksbZ eftLVªsV] vfXu”keu ds fy, ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 dk dksbZ lnL;] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 dk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh] vfHk;ark ;k vfXu”keu ny rFkk vU; O;fDr;ks a dh “kfDr lfpo ;k vfXu”ked ny dk dksbZ Hkh lnL;] tks mlds dk; Z lapkyu dk funs”Z k ns jgk gks vkSj ¼;fn dksbZ eftLVªsV] ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 ds lnL;] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 ds vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh] vfHk;ra k ;k lfpo }kjk ,slk djus dh vis{kk dh tk;½s dkULVsfcy ds jSad ds Åij dk dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh & ¼d½ fdlh ,ssls O;fDr dks] tks ogka mifLFkr jg dj vfXu”keu ;k tho ;k lEifŸk dks cpkus ds dk; Z lapkyu ea s gLr{ksi djrk gS ;k vM+pu Mkyrk gS] gVk ldrk gS ;k gVkus dk vkns”k ns ldrk gS( ¼[k½ fdlh ,sls ekxZ ;k jkLrs dks] ftles a ;k ftlds fudV vkx yxh gks] cUn dj ldrk gS( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 141 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 97 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 189&191À ¼x½ vkx cq>kus ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, ;k gkS ;k vU; midj.kks a dks y s tkus ds fy, fdlh Hkw&x`gkfn dks rksM+dj mles a izos”k dj ldrk gS ;k mls [kyq ok ;k fxjk ldrk gS ;k mls rksM+us ;k [kksyus ;k fxjkus ;k iz;qDr djus ds fy, dg ldrk gS( ¼?k½ eq[; uy vkSj uy cUn djok ldrk gS] ftlls ml LFkku ij vkSj mlds fudV tgka vkx yxh gks] ty dk ncko vis{kkd`r c<+ tk;s( ¼³½ nedy ds izHkkjh O;fDr ls vuqjks/k dj ldrk gS og ;FkklEHko lgk;rk djs( vkSj ¼p½ lkekU;r;k ,sls mik; dj ldrk gS] tks thou ;k lEifŸk ds ijh{k.k ds fy, vko”;d izrhr gksA ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh dk;Z ds fy,] tks mlus mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ln~Hkko ls fd;k gks] {kfriwfrZ nsus d s fy, ftEesnkj u gksxkA ¼3½ ,slh {kfr] tks bl /kkjk ds v/khu vf/kjksfir fdlh drZO; ds ikyu ds fy, iznku “kfDRk dk iz;ksx djrs le; gqbZ gks] vfXu&chek dh ikWfylh ds vFkZ es a vfXu ls gqbZ {kfr le>h tk;xs hA lkoZtfud ukfy;ka 189&& øuxjikfydkÀ1] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds Hkhrj ;k /kkjk 120 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ lkoZtfud ukfy;ks a dk ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ckgj ,slh ukfy;ka cuok ldsxh] ftls uxjikfydk {ks= dks fuekZ.k leqfpr :Ik ls LoPN j[kus vkSj mlds ty fuLlkj.k ds fy, vko”;d le>s vkSj ,slh ukfy;ks a dks fdlh ekxZ ;k LFkku ls gksdj ;k mlds vkj ikj ;k mlds uhps ls y s tks ldsxh vkSj fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks ;qfDr;qDr fyf[kr uksfVl nsus ds Ik”Pkkr~ ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ls ;k mlls gksdj ;k mls uhps y s tk ldsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh Nkouh dh lhekvks a ds Hkhrj fuekZ.k jkT; ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds fcuk vkSj vU;Fkk mlds] ftles a mDr Nkouh fLFkr gks] tujy vkfQlj dek¡fMax dh lgefr ds fcuk ;k ,slh lgefr ds jksd fn;s tkus dh n”kk es]a dsUnzh; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk] fdlh ukyh dk fuekZ.k ugha fd;k tk;xs kA 190&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 le;&le; ij fdlh lkoZtfud ukyh dks c<+k ldsxh] lkoZtfud ukfy;ks a ea s NksVk dj ldsxh] mldk ekxZ ifjorZu dj ldsxh] mls <d ldsxh ;k mles a fdlh vU; ifjorZu izdkj ls lq/kkj dj ldsxh vkSj ,slh fdlh ukyh dk cuk;k tkuk jksd ldsxh] mls cUn dj ldsxh ;k vU; izdkj ls lq/kkj dj ldsxh ;k gVk ldsxhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx bl “krZ ds v/khu fd;k tk;xs k fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,slh fdlh orZeku ukyh ds cny]s ftldk mi;ksx djus ls dkbs Z O;fDr mDr “kfDr dk iz;ksx fd, tkus ls oafpr gks tkrk gks] nwljh vksj mruh gh mi;qDr ukyh dh O;oLFkk djsxhA 191&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ea s fLFkr fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk Lokeh ;k v/;klh uhft Lokfe;ks a a}kjk viuh ukfy;ks a dks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh ukyh ea s fxjkus dk gdnkj gksxk% lkoZtfud ukfy;ks a dk iz;ksx 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 141 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 98 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 192&193À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd blds fy, og igy s øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk izkIr dj y s vkSj og mu “krkZs a dk vuqikyu djs] tks ml mifof/k ls laxr gks] ftls øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,sls <ax vkSj v/kh{k.k ds lEcU/k eas fofgr djs] ftlds vuqlkj vkSj v/khu ,slh ukfy;ks a dks] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr u gks vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ1 ea s fufgr ukfy;ks a dks feyk;k tk ldsA ¼2½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk ;k cukbZ xbZ fdlh mifof/k dk ;k fdlh ,sls funs”k ;k “krZ dk] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu nh xbZ gks ;k vf/kjksfir dh xbZ gks] mYya?ku djds viuh ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dh ukyh dks øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 es a fufgr ukyh ds lkFk tksM+ s ;k tqM+ok; s ;k mles a ifjorZu djk, rks nks’k&fl) Bgjk; s tkus ij ,sls tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk gksxk] tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldrk gS vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ1 fyf[kr uksfVl }kjk ,sls O;fDr ls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og bl izdkj tksM+h xbZ ukyh dks cUn dj ns] ifjofrZr dj ns ;k fQj ls cuok ns ;k mlds lEcU/k es a ,slh vU; dk;Zokgh djs] ftls og mfpr le>sA 192&& ¼1½ tc fdlh lkoZtfud ukyh ds ,d lkS QqV ds Hkhrj fLFkr fdlh Hkou lkoZtfud ukfy;ks a ds ;k Hkwfe dk ty&fuLlkj.k fdlh Hkh le; ,slh ukyh ls ;k ,slh ukyh ls Ik;kZIr lkFk ty&fuLlkj.k dk la;kstu djkus dh ty&fuLlkj.k la;kstu ls uxjikfydk ds lek/kkuizn :Ik es a u gks rks uxjikfydk uksfVl uxjikfydk dh “kfDr }kjk ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls og vis{kk dj ldrk gS fd og mDr ukyh ls ty&fuLlkj.k dk ,slh jhfr ls la;kstu djs vkSj mldk vuqj{k.k djs] tSlk fd uxjikfydk fdlh mi&fof/k ds v/khu funs”k nsA ¼2½ /kkjk 306 ls 312 ¼nksuks a dks lfEefyr djrs gq,½ ds micU/k ,slh fdlh v/;is{kk dk vuqikyu djus ea s O;frdze fd, tkus ij bl ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh ykxw gkasxs fd Hkwfe dk og Hkkx] ftlls gksdj mDr fuLlkj.k la;kstu dks y s tkuk visf{kr gks] ml O;fDr dk u gks] ftlus mDr O;frdze fd;k gks] tc rd fd og lkfcr u dj ns fd O;frdze mDr vafre mfYyf[kr Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ds dk; Z ds dkj.k gqvk Fkk vkSj mlus /kkjk 193 ds v/khu uxjikfydk dks vkosnu dj fn;k gSA 193&& ¼1½ dksbZ vU; O;fDr] tks ;g pkgrk gks fd mldh Hkwfe ij orZeku ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dh izLrkfor ukyh fdlh vU; O;fDr ds tks mlls la”kDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk Lokeh gks] Hkou ;k Hkwfe ls ukyh ys tkus dh fdlh O;fDr dh “kfDr Hkwfe ls gksdj ;k mlds uhps ls tk; s ;k mldh ukyh ls feykbZ tk; ;k uxjikfydk dh ukyh ls feykbZ tk;]s ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dks vkosnu dj ldsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkosnu&i= izkIr gksus ij] uxjikfydk mDr vU; O;fDr ls fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj ;g dkj.k crkus dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS fd D;ks a u vkosnd dh ukyh mlds Hkou ;k Hkwfe ls gksdj ;k mlds uhps ls y s tk;h tk; ;k mldh ukyh ls tksM+ nh tk;As ¼3½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1] ,sls O;fDr }kjk dh xbZ fdlh vkifŸk dh] ;fn fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj izLrqqr dh tk;s lquokbZ djsxk vkSj rRi”pkr~ ;fn mldk ;g fopkj gks fd ukyh cukbZ tkuh pkfg, ;k ty&fuLlkj.k dk la;kstu fd;k tkuk pkfg, rks og bl fufeŸk vkns”k vfHkfyf[kr djsxkA ¼4½ mDr vkns”k es a fuEufyf[kr micfU/kr fd;k tk;xs k& ¼d½ og vof/k] ftlesa i{kdkj ukyh cukus ;k ty&fuLlkj.k dk la;kstu fd, tkus d s lEcU/k es a dksbZ djkj dj yasxs( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 141 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 99 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 194&196À ¼[k½ og vof/k] ftles a ukyh cukbZ tk;xs h ;k ty&fuLlkj.k dk la;kstu fd;k tk;xs k( ¼x½ lEcfU/kr i{kdkjks a dk ukyh cu tk; s ;k ty&fuLlkj.k la;kstu dj fn, tkus ;k mlds vuqj{k.k] ejEer vkSj lQkbZ ds fy, viuk&viuk mŸkjnkf;Ro( vkSj ¼?k½ vkosnu djus okys O;fDr }kjk] ;FkkfLFkfr] Hkwfe] Hkou ;k ukyh ds Lokeh dks ;k rks fdjk; s ds :Ik es a vU; izdkj ls ns; /kujkf”k ¼;fn dksbZ gks½A ¼5½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼4½ [k.M ¼?k½ ds v/khu vf/kfu.khZr /kujkf”k ,deq”r Hkqxrku djus ds :Ik es a gks rks uxjikfydk mls v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy dj ldsxh vkSj olwy dh xbZ dksbZ /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku ,sls O;fDr dks dj ldsxh] ftls og ns; gksA ;fn fdjk;k vf/kfu.khZr fd;k x;k gks rks ,slk O;fDr ftls og ns; gks] mls fdlh vf/kdkfjrk okys flfoy U;k;ky; es a okn yksdj olwy dj ldsxhA ¼6½ ;fn lEcfU/kr i{kdkj vkns”k es a fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj djkj djus es a foQy jgrs gSa ;k ;fn ukyh ;k ty fuLlkj.k ds la;kstu dk fuekZ.k ml vof/k ds Hkhrj] tks mlls fuekZ.k ds fy, fofufnZ’V gks] ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 Lo;a mldk fuekZ.k dj ldsxh vkSj mldh ykxr dks vkosnd ls v/;k; }kjk micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy dj ldsxhA 194&& fdlh ,slh Hkwfe dk Lokeh] ftldh Hkwfe es a ;k ftlls gksdj ;k ftlds uhps Hkwfe ds Lokeh dk viuh ls dksbZ ukyh iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds micU/kks a ds v/khu y s tkbZ xbZ gks] fdlh Hkh le; Hkwfe ij ukyh dks eksM+u+ s øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ls vkSj ,slh “krksaZ ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk vf/kdkj vf/kjksfir djs] Lo;a vius O;; ls ukyh dks ekMs + ldsxkA laektZu vkSj lQkbZ 195&& x`g laektuZ dk rkRi;Z] fdlh x`g ;k Hkou es a j[k s x, ;k mlls lEcfU/kr x`g laektZu dh ifjHkk’kk dwMn+s ku] laMkl] eydwi ;k ,sls inkFkkZa s ds fy, j[k s x, vU;] ik= ls xyht] dwM+k&djdV] nqxZU/k ;k vU; ?k`.kkLin inkFkZ dks gVkus ls gSA 196&& :f<+okn lQkbZdkjks a vkSj d`’kdksa ds vf/kdkjks a ds lEcU/k es a bles a blds øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk x`g Ik”pkr~ fn, x, micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, øuxjikfydkÀ1 & laektZu vkfn dk dk;Z vaxhdkj djuk vkSj R;kxuk ¼d½ lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk ,sls fnukad ls] tks uksfVl ds tkjh djus ds Ik”pkr~ nks ekl ls de u gks øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ea s fLFkr x`gks a ;k Hkouks a ds laektZu ;k fo’Bkiw.kZ vkSj iznwf’kr inkFkZ dks laMkl] ew=ky; vkSj eydwi ls laxzg djus] gVkus vkSj mlds fuLrkj.k dk ftEek y s ldsxhA ¼[k½ lEcfU/kr i{kdkjks a dks lkoZtfud uksfVl a}kjk ;k vU;Fkk de ls de nks ekl dh uksfVl nsdj [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu fn, x, dk; Z dh ftEesnkjh R;kx ldsxh( ¼x½ v/;klh ds vkosnu&i= ;k mldh lgefr ls] fdlh Hkh le; bl fufeŸk mifof/k }kjk fu/kkZfjr fucU/kuks a ij fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ds x`g laektuZ ;k fdlh Hkou es a ;k Hkwfe ij laMkl] ew=ky;ks a vksj eydwi ls fo’Bkiw.kZ vkSj iznwf’kr inkFkZ dks laxzg djus] gVkus vkSj mlds fuLrkj.k ;k fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ls vU; nqxZU/k;Dq r inkFkZ] dwMk&djdV gVkus d s dk; Z dk ftEek y s ldsxh( vkSj 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 141 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 100 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 197&201À ¼?k½ v/;klh dks de ls de nks ekl dh uksfVl ds Ik”pkr~ [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu yh xbZ ftEesnkjh R;kx ldsxhA 197&& ¼1½ fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ;k v/;klh] tks /kkjk 196 ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu vaxhdkj djus ij vkifŸk tkjh fd, fdlh uksfVl }kjk izHkkfor gks] uksfVl tkjh gksus ds ckn fdlh Hkh le; mDr x`g ;k Hkou dks uksfVl ls vioftZr djus d s fy;s ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dks vkosnu dj ldsxkA ¼2½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ,sls vkosnu&i= ij fopkj djxh vkSj mldh izkfIr ls N% lIrkg ds Hkhrj ml ij vkns”k tkjh djsxk vkSj ,sls vkns”k }kjk ml x`g ;k Hkou dks uksfVl ls vioftZr dj ldsxhA ¼3½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ;g fofuf”pr djus ds fy, fd fdlh x`g ;k Hkou dks uksfVl ls vioftZr fd;k tk; ;k ugha] vU; ckrks a ds lkFk&lkFk v/;klh }kjk x`g lektuZ ds fy, izcU/k dh n{krk ij Hkh fopkj djsxhA 198&& tc ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 /kkjk 196 ds v/khu fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ds dk; Z dk Hkkj uxjikfydk }kjk laektZu vius Åij y s rks og rRle; ,sls x`g ;k Hkou ds v/;klh dh lgefr ls ;k mlds fcuk dk;Z vaxhdkj dj fy, tkus ds ckn mls tkjh Hkh ,sls x`g ;k Hkou ds laektuZ dk dk; Z tkjh j[k ldsxhA j[kuk 199&& laektZu dk; Z ds fy, fu;ksftr uxjikfydk ds lsod] lHkh leqfpr le; x`g laektZu ds fy, ij] uxjikfydk }kjk ftEes ds fy, x, x`g&laektZu dk; Z ds mfpr lEiknu ds fy, uxjikfydk lsodks a dh “kfDr vko”;d lHkh dk; Z dj ldsaxsA 200&& /kkjk 196 es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh uxjikfydk /kkjk 201 vkSj 202 ds :f<+xr lQkbZdkjks a vkSj micU/kks a ds vuqlj.k ds flok;&& d`’kdks a ds i{k es a O;ko`fŸk ¼d½ fdlh ,sls x`g ;k Hkou dh] ftlds laektuZ dk;Z dk fdlh lQkbZdkj dks :f<+xr vf/kdkj dks] lQkbZdkj dh lgefr ds fcuk ,sls laetkZu dk; Z dk ftEek u yxs h( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh ,sls d`’kd }kjk] tks øuxjikfydk {ks= esaÀ2 fLFkr Hkwfe ;k mlus vklUu fdlh xkao dh Hkwfe ij Lo;a [krs h djrk gks] v/;kflr fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ds x`g laektuZ dk ftEek v/;klh dh lgefr ds fcuk ugha ysxhA 201&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh x`g ;k Hkou laekitZu dks :f<+xr vf/kdkj izkIr dksbZ :f<+xr lQkbZdkjks a dh lQkbZnkj ¼ftls ,rn~Ik”pkr~ :f<+xr lQkbZdkj dgk x;k gS½ mfpr <ax ls laektuZ dk;Z mis{kk ds fy, n.M ugha djrk gS rks ml x`g ;k Hkou dk v/;klh vFkok uxjikfydk fdlh eftLVªsV ls bldh f”kdk;r dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ eftLVªsV f”kdk;r feyus ij mldh tkap djsxk vkSj ;fn mls izrhr gks fd :f<+xr lQkbZdkj us lEcfU/kr x`g ;k Hkou dk laektuZ mfpr <ax ls ;k leqfpr vUrjky ij ugha fd;k gS rks og ,sls lQkbZdkj ij tqekZuk dj ldsxk] tks nl #i;s rd gks ldsxk vkSj mlh x`g ;k Hkou ds lEcU/k esa nwljh ckj ;k ckn es a nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij] ;g Hkh funs”k ns ldsxk fd mDr x`g ;k Hkou dk laektZu dk :f<+xr lQkbZdkj dk vf/kdkj leiâr dj fn;k tk; vkSj rnqijkUr ,slk vf/kdkj leiâr dj fy;k tk;xs k % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 142 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 101 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 202&204À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu fdlh Hkh izdze ij ekey s ds yfEcr jgus es a eftLVªsV ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 dks bl ekey s es a mlds }kjk vfUre vkns”k fn, tkus rd ,sls x`g ;k Hkou ds laektuZ dk ftEek yus s dk izkf/kdkj ns ldsxkA 202&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ d`’kd] tks øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 es a ;k mlls vklUu fdlh xkao d`’kdks a }kjk O;frdze fd, dh Hkwfe ij Lo;a [ksrh djrk gS] vius }kjk v/;kflr fdlh x`g ;k Hkou ds laektuZ dh tkus ds ekeys ea s izfd;k mfpr O;oLFkk ugha djrk gS rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh eftLVªsV ls bldh f”kdk;r dj ldsxhA ¼2½ eftLVªsV f”kdk;r feyus ij mldh tkap djsxk vkSj ;fn mls ;g izrhr gks fd d`’kd us x`g ;k Hkou ds laektZu dh mfpr O;oLFkk ugha dh gS rks og øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks mldk ftEek yus s ds fy;s vkns”k }kjk l”kDr dj ldrk gS vkSj rnqijkUr øuxjikfydkÀ1 mDr x`g ;k Hkou ds laektuZ dk ftEek yus s dk gdnkj gks tk;sxkA 203&& flok; ,slh n”kk ds tc dksbZ LFky fdlh lkoZtfud ;k futh ekxZ ls ,sls LFky ij] tks fdlh la”kDr gks] ;fn dksbZ O;fDr tks ,slh Hkwfe dk Lokeh gks ;k ml ij dCtk j[krk gks] lkoZtfud ;k vlkoZtfud ekxZ ls la”kDr u gks] ftldk mi;ksx ml le; rd Hkou fuekZ.k ds iz;kstukFkZ u fd;k x;k gks] ,slh Hkwfe ;k fdlh Hkou dk fuekZ.k mlds fdlh Hkkx dks Hkou fuekZ.k ds LFky ds :i es a mi;ksx djus] fodz; djus] iV~Vs ij djus ds iwoZ ekXkZ dk nsus ;k fdlh vU; jhfr ls gLrkUrfjr djus dk fopkj djs rks og ,sls LFky dk mi;ksx foU;kl djus vkSj mls djus] fodz; djus] iV~Vs ij nsus ;k vU; jhfr ls gLrkUrfjr djus ds iwoZ ,sls ekxZ dk cukus dh O;oLFkk foU;kl djsxk vkSj mls cuk;xs k] tks ,sls LFky dks fdlh orZeku lkoZtfud ;k futh ekxZ ls feyk nsxkA 204&& ¼1½ izR;sd O;fDr fdlh ,sls u;s ekxZ dk foU;kl djus ;k mls cukus ds iwoZ ekxZ dk foU;kl djus øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks ,d fyf[kr vkosnu&i= izLrqr djsxk] ftles a og ,sls ekxZ dk foU;kl vkSj mls cukus dh vuqKk djus ;k mls cukus dh vuqKk ekaxsxk vkSj ,sls vkosnu&i= ds lkFk js[kkad izLrqr djsxk] ftles a fuEukafdr fooj.k fn;k tk;xs k && ¼d½ ekxZ dk izLrkfor ry] fn”kk vkSj pkSM+kbZ( ¼[k½ ekxZ lajs[k.k rFkk Hkou iafDr vkSj lkFk gh vkosnu&i= es a ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k tk;sxk fd ekxZ dks lery djus] mles a [kMatk yxkus] iDdk djus] mles a pkSjl iRFkj fcNkus] eksfj;ka cukus] lhoj Mkyus] ukfy;ka cukus] laektuZ rFkk jks”kuh ds fy, D;k izcU/k fd;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ lkoZtfud ekxZ dk ry vkSj mldh pkSM+kbZ rFkk mlls la”kDr Hkou dh ÅapkbZ ds lEcU/k esas bl vf/kfu;e rFkk rnUrxZr cukbZ xbZ fdlh fu;ekoyh ;k mifof/k ds micU/k] mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a mfYyf[kr ekxZ ij ykxw gkasxs vkSj mDr mi/kkjk es a fufnZ’V leLr vU; fooj.k uxjikfydk ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu gksxa sA ¼3½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vkosnu&i= dh izkfIr ds fnukad ls lkr fnu ds Hkhrj ;k rks ekxZ dk foU;kl djus ;k mls cukus ds dk; Z dh Lohdf`r ,slh “krksaZ ij nsxh ftUgas og vf/kjksfir djuk mfpr le>s] ;k mls vLohdr` dj nsxh ;k mlds lEcU/k es a fofufnZ’V ;qfDr;qDr vof/k ds Hkhrj vxzsŸkj lwpuk ekaxsxhA ¼4½ ,slh Lohdf`r nsus ls badkj fd;k tk ldsxk & 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 142 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 102 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 205&207À ¼,d½ ;fn izLrkfor ekxZ fdlh ,sls izcU/k ds izfrdwy iM+rk gks] tks ekxZ ds mUu;u dks fdlh lkekU; ;kstuk dks dk;kfZUor djus ds fy, fd, x, gks a ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh jk; es]a ftuds fd, tkus dh lEHkkouk gks( ;k ¼nks½ ;fn izLrkfor ekxZ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ea s fufnZ’V vf/kfu;e] fu;ekoyh vkSj mifof/k;kas d s micU/kks a ds vuq:Ik u gks( ;k ¼rhu½ ;fn izLrkfor ekxZ dh ifjdYiuk bl izdkj u dh xbZ gks fd mldk de ls de ,d fljk fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k ,sls futh ekxZ ls feyrk gks tks igy s ls lkoZtfud ekxZ ls lEc) gksA ¼5½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds vkns”k ds fcuk ;k vU;Fkk mDr vkns”k dh vuq#irk ls fHkUu] fdlh u, futh ekxZ ;k lM+d dk u rks foU;kl djsxk vkSj u mls cuk;xs kA ;fn mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu vxzsŸkj lwpuk ekaxh tk; rks ekxZ dk foU;kl ;k mls cukus dk dk; Z rc rd izkjEHk ugha fd;k tk;xs k tc rd fdlh ,slh lwpuk izkIr gks tkus ds ckn vkosnu&i= ij vkns”k u fn, x, gks % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ,slh leLr lwpuk izkIr gks tkus ds ckn] ftls og vkosnu&i= ds vfUre fuLrkj.k ds fy, vko”;d le>s] mDr vkns”k fn, tkus es a fdlh Hkh n”kk es a rhl fnu ls vf/kd foyEc ugha djsxhA 205&& ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1] /kkjk 204 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkosnu&i= dfri; ekeyks a es a fdlh izkIr djus ds ckn lkB fnu rd mis{kk ;k pwd djs ;k ;fn vxzsŸkj lwpuk ekaxus ds fy, ekxZ ds foU;kl vkSj fuekZ.k ds fy, mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k fn;k x;k gks] ,sls vkns”k es a fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj ¿uxj&ikfydkÀ1 dh ml O;fDr dks] ftlus vkosnu&i= fn;k gS] øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk visf{kr lwpuk dk fooj.k Lohd`fr dh mi/kkj.kk dh nsus es a vlQy jgs rks ,slk O;fDr fyf[kr lalwpuk }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk /;ku ,slh pwd] tk;sxh mis{kk ;k vlQy gksus dh vksj vkd’`V dj ldsxk vkSj ;fn ,slh pwd] mis{kk ;k vlQyrk rhl fnu dh vxzsŸkj vof/k rd tkjh jgs rks ;g le>k tk;sxk fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 us izLrkfor ekxZ foU;kl vkSj fuekZ.k ds fy, iw.kZ :Ik ls Lohdf`r ns nh gS % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ;gka nh xbZ fdlh ckr dk ;g vFk Z ugha yxk;k tk;sxk fd blls fdlh O;fDr dks bl vf/kfu;e dk ;k fdlh mifof/k dk mYya?ku djus dk izkf/kdkj gSA 20 6&& ¼1½ /kkjk 204 vkSj 205 ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk nh xbZ ;k le>h xbZ Lohd`fr dh vof/k Lohdf`r ,d o’kZ rd jgsxhA ¼2½ mi;qZDr vof/k dh lekfIr ds Ik”pkr~ izLrkfor ekxZ dk dk; Z iwoZorhZ /kkjkvks a ds v/khu vxzsŸkj Lohdf`r ds fy, vkosnu djus vkSj iznŸk Lohdf`r ds vuqlj.k ds flok; izkjEHk ugha fd;k tk;xs kA 207&& tks dksbZ O;fDr] /kkjk 204 }kjk visf{kr uksfVl fn, fcuk ;k /kkjk 205 ds ekxZ dk voS/k fuekZ.k v/khu uxjikfydk }kjk fn, x, fyf[kr funs”k ;k fdlh mifof/k ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh micU/k dk mYya?ku djds fdlh ekxZ dk foU;kl ;k fuekZ.k vkjEHk djrk gS] mls tkjh j[krk gS ;k iwjk djrk gS] mls tkjh j[krs gS ;k iwjk djrk gS] nks’k&fl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls teq kZus dk Hkkxh gksxk] tks ikap lkS #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 103 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 208&211À 208&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr /kkjk 204 es a fufnZ’V fdlh ekxZ dk foU;kl ;k fuekZ.k fcuk Lohd`fr ds cus ekxZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk vkns”k izkIr fd, fcuk ;k mlds vkns”k dh vuq:irk ls fHkUu :Ik es a es a ifjorZu djus vkSj mls rksM+ nsus dh øuxj& djs rks uxjikfydk ,sls fdlh vfHk;kts u ds gksrs gq, Hkh] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ikfydkÀ1 dh “kfDr vijk/kh ds fo:) pyk;k x;k gks] fyf[kr uksfVl }kjk && ¼d½ vijk/kh ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og ,slh uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V fnukad dks ;k mlds iwoZ vius gLrk{kj ls vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks Hksts x, fyf[kr fooj.k }kjk bl ckr dk Ik;kZIr dkj.k cuk, fd ,sls ekxZ dks øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lek/kkuizn :Ik es a D;ks a u ifjofrZr dj fn;k tk; ;k ;fn ,slk ifjorZu O;ogk; Z u gks rks ,sls ekxZ dks D;ks a u rksM+ fn;k tk;(s ;k ¼[k½ vijk/kh ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og ;k rks Lo;a ;k lE;d :Ik izkf/kdr` fdlh vfHkdrkZ }kjk ,sls fnukad vkSj ,sls s le; rFkk LFkku ij] tks uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V fd;k tk; s øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds le{k mifLFkr gks vkSj ;FkkiwoksDZ r dkj.k crk;As ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ftls uksfVl fn;k x;k gks] øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lek/kkuizn :Ik esa Ik;kZIr dkj.k crkus ea s vlQy jgrk gS rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,slk vkns”k ns ldsxh] ftles a ,sls ekxZ dks ifjofrZr djus ;k gksM+ nsus dk] tSlk fd og mfpr le>s funs”k fn;k x;k gksA 209&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk cukbZ xbZ fdlh fu;ekoyh ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ekxksa Z vkSj ukfy;ks a ds ftles a uxjikfydk }kjk ekxksa Z ;k ukfy;ks a ds Åij iz{ksi dh Lohdf`r nsus dh “krZ nh xbZ Åij iz{ksi ds fy, gks] øuxjikfydkÀ1 && øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh Lohd`fr ¼d½ ekxksaZ es a ;k mu ij fLFkfr Hkou ds Lokfe;ks a ;k v/;kfl;ks a dks Hkou dh fdlh Åijh eafty nhoky ls vkxs ml lhek rd tSlk fd ,slh mifof/k;kas es a fofgr gks] [kqy s cjkens] NTts ;k dejks a dk fuekZ.k ;k iqufuZekZ.k djus dh( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks fdlh iz{ksi ;k lajpuk dk fuekZ.k ;k iqufuZekZ.k djus dh] ftlls og ekxZ es a fdlh ukyh ij ;k mlds Åij ml lhek rd vkSj “krksaZ ds vuqlkj tks mlh jhfr ls fofgr gks] voyfEcr gks ;k iz{ksfir gks ;k mldk vfrdze.k djrk gks] fyf[kr vuqKk ns ldsxh] tgka ,slh vuqKk nsus d s fy, mifof/k es a micU/k fd;k x;k gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu vuqKk nsus es a øuxjikfydkÀ1 og lhek tgka rd vkSj os “krsa Z ftuds v/khu ,sls ekxksaZ ds Åij fdUgha Nrks]a xrZ] _rq Qyd] nqdku ds iV~Vs rFkk rRln`”k iz{ksi dh vuqefr nh tk ldsxh] fofgr dj ldsxhA 210&& /kkjk 209 es a fufnZ’V fdlh ,sls iz{ksi ;k lajpuk dk rn~}kjk visf{kr vuqKk ekxZ ;k ukyh ds Åij ds fcuk ;k rn~/khu nh xbZ fdlh vuqKk ds mYya?ku ea s fuekZ.k ;k iqufuZekZ.k djus okyk fcuk vuqKk ds iz{ksi.k ds fuekZ.k ds fy, “kkfLr O;fDr nks’kfl} Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ,d gtkj #i;s rd gks ldrk gS vkSj fdlh ,sls izfrdwy fo”ks’k vkSj Ik;kZIr dkj.k ds u gksus ij] tks U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ea s mfYyf[kr fd;k tk;sxk] nks lkS ipkl #i;s ls de u gksxkA 211&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk uksfVl }kjk fdlh Hkou ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ds fdlh lM+dks a vkSj ukfy;ks a ij ekxZ ea s ;k mles a fdlh ukyh] lhoj ;k ty lsrq es a ;k ml ij ;k mlds Åij voyfEcr] vfrdze.k vkSj iz{ksi.k gVkus dh “kfDr iz{ksfir ;k vfrdze.k djus okys fdlh iz{ksi ;k lajpuk dks gVkus ;k mls ifjofrZr djus dh vis{kk dj ldsxh % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 104 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 212&213À izfrcU/k ;g gS fd 10 ekpZ] 1900 dks ;k mlds iwoZ oS/kr% fo|eku fdlh ,sls iz{ksi ;k lajpuk dh n”kk esa øuxjikfydkÀ1 mls gVk, tkus ;k ifjofrZr djus ds dkj.k fdlh uqdlku ds fy, izfrdj nsxk] tks mlds fuekZ.k vkSj fxjk, tkus dh ykxr dk nl xquk ls vf/kd u gksxkA 212&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ uhft ekxZ ;k mldk Hkkx øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lek/kkuizn :Ik ekxZ dks lery djus ;k ea s lery u fd;k x;k gks] ml ij [kMatk u fcNk;k x;k gks] mls iDdk u fd;k x;k gks] [kMat+ k yxkus vkfn dh vis{kk djus dh “kfDr ml ij iRFkj dh iVuh u cuk;h x;h gks] mldh ukfy;ka u cuk;h x;h gks] ml ij lhoj u Mkyk gks] mldk ty fuLrkj.k] lektuZ u gksrk gks ;k ml ij jks”kuh u gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk ,sls Hkw&x`gkfn ;k Hkwfe ds] tks mDr ekxZ ;k mlds Hkkx ds lkeus ;k mlls la”kDr gks] Lokfe;ks a vkSj v/;kfl;ks a ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd os ,slk fuekZ.k&dk;]Z tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh jk; esa vko”;d gks vkSj ,sls le; ds Hkhrj dk;kZfUor djs] tks uksfVl ea s fofufnZ’V fd;k x;k gksA ¼2½ ;fn ,slk fuekZ.k dk;Z uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj dk;kfZUor u fd;k tk; s rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 ;fn og mfpr le>s] mls fu’ikfnr dj ldsxh vkSj mixr O;;] v/;k; 6 ds v/khu O;frdze djus okys Lokfe;ks a ;k v/;kfl;ks a ls muls lEcfU/kr Hkw&x`gkfn ;k Hkwfe ds vxzHkkx ds vuqlkj vkSj ,sls vuqikr es]a tks uxjikfydk }kjk r; fd;k tk;sxkA ¼3½ ;fn dksbZ ekxZ iwoZorhZ mi/kkjkvks a ds micU/kks a ds v/khu lrry fd;k x;k gks] ml ij [kMatk fcNk;k x;k gks] mls iDdk fd;k x;k gks] ml ij iRFkj dh iVjh cukbZ xbZ gks] mlh ukfy;ka cukbZ xbZ gks mles a lhoj Mkyk x;k gks] mldk ty fuLlkj.k] lEektZu gksrk gks vkSj mlesa izdk”k dh O;oLFkk gks rks ,slk ekxZ mlds de ls de rhu&pkSFkkbZ Lokfe;ks a }kjk vf/k;kpu fd;s tkus ij lkoZtfud ekxZ ?kksf’kr dj fn;k tk;xs kA ø212&d&& bl vf/kfu;e ea s vU;= fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,slh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds “krksaZ vkSj ifjlhek ds v/khu] tks fofgr fd, tk;a] ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ3 ds ckgj ckgj] Hkou vkSj ukfy;a ks a ds fuekZ.k dks fu;af=r ikap ehy dh nwjh rd fdlh Hkou] ekxZ ;k ukyh ds fuekZ.k dks bl v/;k; ds v/khu rFkk fofu;fer djus dh fu;af=r dj ldsxhA øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh “kfDr 213&& ¼1½ dksbZ O;fDr øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr iwoZ vuqKk ds fcuk u rks fdlh Hkou vkfn ds fuekZ.k es a isM+ dks] u fdlh isM+ dh “kk[kk dks dkVsxk] u fdlh Hkou ;k Hkou ds fdlh Hkkx dk ekxksa Z ds laj{k.k dh vis{kk djus dh “kfDr fuekZ.k ;k iqufuZekZ.k djsxk ;k u mls fxjk;xs k] u fdlh Hkou ea s dksbZ ifjorZu djsxk ;k mlds ckgjh Hkkx dh ejEer djsxk] tgka bl izdkj ds dk; Z ds dkj.k ekxZ dk mi;ksx djus okys fdlh O;fDr dks dksbZ ck/kk] [krjk ;k {kksHk gks ;k ck/kk] [krjk ;k {kksi gksus dk tksf[ke gksA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk fdlh Hkh le; fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V dksbZ dk; Z dj jgk gks ;k djus okyk gks] ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mDr dk;Z vkjEHk djus ;k dk;Z dks tkjh j[kus ls rc rd fojr jgs tc rd fd og uksfVl ls ;Fkk&fofufnZ’V lwpuk iV~V ;k ijns u yxk;as] mudk vuqj{k.k u djs vkSj lw;kZLr ls lw;ksnZ ; rd Ik;kZZIr jks”kuh dh O;oLFkk u djs vkSj vxzŸkj fdlh Hkh le; ij uksfVl }kjk uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj] mi;qZDr fdlh dk;Z dh izR;k”kk es a yxk; s x;s fdlh ijns ;k foKkiu&iV~V dks gVkus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 143¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 143 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 105 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 214&218À ¼3½ tks dksbZ Hkh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micU/kks a dk mYy?a ku djs] og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ikap lkS #i;s rd gks ldsxk vkSj vxzŸkj tqekZus ls tks igyh ckj nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ yxkrkj mYya?ku djus ds fnukad rd izfrfnu nl #i;s rd gks ldsxkAÀ1 214&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 uksfVl }kjk fdlh Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls fdlh Hkwfe isM+ vkSj >kfM+;ks a dks ij vkSj ekxZ ds fdukjs mxh >kfM+;ks a dks ,slh Hkwfe ij mxs isM+ dh fdlh “kk[kk dks] tks dkVus vkSj Nkaus dh vis{kk djus dh “kfDr ekxZ ij yVdrh gks vkSj ftls mlesa ck/kk iM+rh gks ;k [krjk mRiUu gksrk gks] dkaVus ;k NkaVus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA 215&& tc dksbZ uhft x`g] nhokj ;k vU; fuekZ.k ;k mles a yxh gqbZ dksbZ oLrq ;k vkdfLed ck/kk dks gVkus dksbZ oLrq ;k isM+ fxj tk; s vkSj mlls fdlh lkoZtfud ukyh ij ck/kk iMs + ;k dksbZ ekxZ dh “kfDr vo:) gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 ,slh n”kk es a ck/kk ;k vojks/k dks mDr x`g ds Lokeh ds O;; ij gVok;xs h vkSj mDr O;; dks dksbZ v/;k; 6 esa O;ofLFkr jhfr ls olwy djsxh ;k uksfVl }kjk mDr Lokeh ls uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj gVkus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA 216&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 uksfVl }kjk fdlh ekxZ ls la”kDr fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds ekxZ dks izHkkfor djus Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe ea s ty xzg.k djus oky s ukoks a vkSj ty fuLlkj.k ds uyks a dk vkSj mls ckgj y s tkus vkSj mldk ,slh jhfr ls fuLlkj.k djus ds fy, tSlk fd fofu;eu øuxjikfydkÀ2 Bhd le>s] leqfpr ukan vkSj uy yxok; s vkSj mUgas Bhd gkyr ea s j[k]s ftlls fd ekxZ ij pyus okyks a dks dksbZ vlqfo/kk u gksA 217&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 && ekxksa Z dk ukedj.k vkSj Hkouks a dk la[;kadu ¼d½ øfofgr izkf/kdkjh ds iwokZuqeksnu lsÀ1 fdlh ekxZ dk dksbZ uke ;k u;k uke j[k ldsxh( vkSj ¼[k½ fdlh Hkou ij mldk uke ;k u;k uke ,slh fLFkfr es]a tSlk fd og Bhd le>s] yxok ldsxh ;k fpfUgr djok ldsxh( ;k ¼x½ fyf[kr uksfVl }kjk fdlh Hkou ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh l s ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mDr Hkou ij øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk vuqeksfnr uewus dh ,d la[;k iV~fVdk ¼uEcj IysV½ ;k u;h la[;k iV~fVdk yxok; s ;k øuxjikfydkÀ2 Lo;a fdlh Hkou ij dksbZ la[;k ;k ubZ la[;k yxok ldsxh ;k fpfUgr dj ldsxhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh Hkou ij yxk; s ;k fpfUgr fd;s x;s fdlh uke ;k la[;k iV~fVdk dks ;fn dksbZ O;fDr u’V djsxk] fxjk,xk fo:fir ;k ifjofrZr djsxk ;k fdlh Hkou ij øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds vkns”k }kjk ;k mlds v/khu yxk, ;k fpfUgr fd, x, uke ;k la[;k ls fHkUu dksbZ uke ;k la[;k; yxk;xs k ;k fpfUgr djsxk rks og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls teq kZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ønks lkS ipkl #i;sÀ1 rd gks ldsxkA 218&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 fdlh ifjlj es a ;k fdlh Hkou ds ckgjh Hkkx es a ;k Hkou vkfn es a czsdsV yxkus dh fdlh isM+ ij && “kfDr 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 106 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 219À ¼d½ rsy] xSl] fctyh ;k vU; cfŸk;ks a ds fy, [kEHks] csdz sV ;k vU; Vsd yxk ldsxh( ¼[k½ VsyhxzkQ ds rkj] VsyhQksu ds rkj ;k jsy batu ds iz;kstukFkZ fctyh ds rkjks a ds fy, [kEHks] csdz sV ;k vU; Vsd yxk ldsxh( ;k ¼x½ ,sls lk¶V ;k uy yxk ldsxh] tks ukfy;ks a vksj tydy ds mfpr laokru ds fy, vko”;d le>s tk;s a % ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls Vsd] lk¶V vkSj uy bl izdkj u yxk; s ;k tksM+s tk;sxa s fd muls {kfr ;k vlqfo/kk gks vkSj mDr dk;]Z ;FkklEHko] Hkkjrh; rkj vf/kfu;e] 1885 ls fdUgha ,sls micU/kks a ds v/khu fd;k tk;xs k] tks fdlh rkj dh ykbZu ;k [kEHks yxkus] gVkus ;k cnyus d s lECkU/k es a ykxw gkrs s gksAa lkotZ fud ekxZ 219&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 & lkoZtfud ekxZ ij LFky dk fuekZ.k djus] lq/kkj ¼d½ fdlh u, ekxZ dk foU;kl vkSj fuekZ.k dj ldsxh vkSj lqjax vkSj djus vkSj mldh O;oLFkk mlls leuq’kaxh vU; fuekZ.k dk;Z dj ldsxh( vkSj djus dh “kfDr ¼[k½ fdlh orZeku ekxZ dks] ;fn og øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr gks] pkSM+k dj ldsxh] c<+k ldsxh] mldk foLrkj] ifjorZu dj ldsxh ;k vU;

izdkj ls mleasa lq/kkj dj ldsxh( vkSj ¼x½ bl izdkj fufgr fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ dks ?kqek ldsxh] mls lekIr ;k cUn dj ldsxh( vkSj ¼?k½ mi;qZDr [k.M ¼d½] ¼[k½ vkSj ¼x½ ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk, x,] pkSM+k fd, x,] c<+k, x,] foLrkj fd, x,] ifjof)Zr ;k lq/kkjs x,] fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ls lalDr ;k vklUu ,sls vk;ke ds] ftls og mfpr le>s] Hkou LFkyks a dh O;oLFkk] Lofoosdkuqlkj dj ldsxh( vkSj ¼³½ fdlh ,sls fu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ftles a ,slh “krZ fofgr dh xbZ gks] ftu ij øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk dksbZ lEifŸk vftZr dh tk ldsxh] fdlh ,slh Hkwfe dks ml ij cus Hkou lfgr vftZr dj ldsxh] ftls og iwoZorhZ [k.Mks a }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds vkjEHk dh xbZ ;k cukbZ xbZ fdlh ;kstuk ;k fuekZ.k dk; Z ds iz;kstukFkZ vko”;d le>s( vkSj ¼p½ fdlh ,sls fu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, ftles a ,slh “krsa Z fofgr dh xbZ gks]a ftuds vk/kkj ij øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr lEifŸk vUrfjr dh tk lds] [k.M ¼³½ ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk vftZr fdlh dks ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk lkoZtfud ekxZ ds fy, lEifŸk iz;qDr fdlh Hkwfe dks vkSj tks vc mlds fy, visf{kr u gks] iV~Vs ij ns ldsxh] csp ldsxh ;k vU;Fkk fuLrkfjr dj ldsxh vkSj ,slk djus eas og ml Hkwfe ij fdlh orZeku Hkou dks gVkus ml ij fuekZ.k fd, tkus okys fdlh u, Hkou dk fooj.k nsus] ,slh vof/k ds] ftlds Hkhrj ,sls u, Hkou dk fuekZ.k iwjk fd;k tk;xs k vkSj ,sls vU; fo’k; ds lEcU/k es a ftls og Bhd le>s] dksbZ “krZ vjksfir dj ldsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 107 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 220&222À 220&& fdlh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 es a ¼igys ls½ vftZr] izksn~Hkwr ;k mi;qDr] fdlh fodzrs kvks a vkSj vU; ,sls vf/kdkj ;k fo”ks’kkf/kdkj ds gksrs gq, Hkh] ftlds fy, /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ¼³½ ds O;fDr;ks a }kjk lkoZtfud ekxZ dk mi;ksx mi”kh’kZd ¼[k½ ds v/khu dksbZ mifof/k cuk;h xbZ vkSj izo`Ÿk gks] dksbZ Hkh ifjHkzkeh fodzsrk ;k dksbZ vU; O;fDr ,slh mifof/k ds vuqlkj nh xbZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh vuqKk ds fcuk oLrqvks a ds fodz; ds fy, ;k fdlh vkthfodk ds fy, ;k dksbZ cwFk ;k LVky yxkus ds fy, fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k LFkku dk mi;ksx ;k v/;klu djus dk gdnkj u gksxkA 221&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh Hkh le; vkSj tc /kkjk 212 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds fdlh ekxZ dks lkoZtfud v/khu vf/k;kpu }kjk vis{kk dh tk;s] fdlh ekxZ] tks lkoZtfud ekxZ u gks ;k ,sls ekxZ ds ekxZ ds :i es a vaxhdkj djuk fdlh Hkkx ij lkoZtfud uksfVl yxk dj mls lkoZtfud ekxZ ?kksf’kr djus ds vius vk”k; dh lwpuk ns ldsxh vkSj nsxhA ,slh uksfVl yxk, tkus ds Ik”pkr~ vkxkeh nks ekl ds Hkhrj ,sls ekxZ ;k ekxZ ds fdlh Hkkx ;k mlds vis{kkd`r cM+ s Hkkx dk Lokeh ;k Lokehx.k mDr uksfVl ds fo:) øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk;kyZ ; es a vkifŸk izLrqr dj ldrs gSaA øuxjikfydkÀ1 izLrqr dh xbZ vkifŸk ij fopkj djsxh vkSj ;fn og mUgas vLohdr` dj ns rks ,slk ekxZ ;k mlds ,sls Hkkx ij vxzŸkj lkoZtfud uksfVl yxokdj mldks ,d lkoZtfud ekxZ ?kksf’kr dj ldsxhA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu visf{kr dksbZ lkoZtfud uksfVl ekxZ ij yxk;s tkus d s vfrfjDr fdlh LFkkuh; lekpkj&i= ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ ea s ;k ,slh vU; jhfr ls] tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 mfpr le>s] izdkf”kr djk;xs kA 222&& ¼1½ tc dHkh øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fopkj es a fdlh orZeku ;k izLrkfor ekxZ lkoZtfud ekxZ ij Hkouks a ds izR;sd vksj ;k fdlh vkSj Hkouks a dh lkekU; iafDr dks ifjfuf”pr djuk lehphu gks rks dh iafDr fofu;fer djus dh “kfDr og ,slk djus d s vius vk”k; dh lkoZtfud uksfVl nsxhA ¼2½ ,slh izR;sd uksfVl es a dksbZ vof/k fofufnZ’V dh tk;xs h] ftlds Hkhrj vkifŸk;ka izkIr dh tk;sxa hA ¼3½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj izkIr vkifŸk;ks a ij fopkj djsxh vkSj rc mDr iafDr dks ifjfuf”pr djrs gq, ladYi ikfjr djsxh vkSj bl izdkj ifjfuf”pr iafDr ^ekxZ dh fu;fer iafDr* dgyk;sxhA ¼4½ rRi”pkr~ fdlh O;fDr ds fy, fdlh Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx dk bl izdkj fuekZ.k iqufuZekZ.k ;k ifjorZu djuk fof/kiw.kZ u gksxk fd mlls ekxZ dh fu;fer iafDr ds vkxs iz{ksi gks tk;]s tc rd fd og /kkjk 180 ds v/khu nh xbZ Lohdr` ls ;k bl /kkjk ds v/khu fyf[kr vuqKk }kjk ¼vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,rn~}kjk ,slh vuqKk Lohdr` djus ds fy, l”kDr gS½ ,slk djus d s fy, izkf/kdr` u fd;k x;k gksA ¼5½ dksbZ Hkw&Lokeh] ftls bl /kkjk ds micU/kks a ds v/khu fdlh Hkwfe ij dksbZ Hkou fufeZr] iqufuZfeZr ;k ifjofrZr djus ls fuokfjr dj fn;k tk;]s øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls fdlh ,slh {kfr ds fy, tks mls bl izdkj fuokfjr djus ds dkj.k gqbZ gks] izfrdj dh vis{kk dj ldsxk vkSj ,sls ekxZ dks fu;fer iafDr ds Hkhrj fLFkr fdlh Hkwfe ds izfrdj dk Hkqxrku fd, tkus ij ,slh Hkwfe øuxjikfydkÀ1 ea s fufgr gks tk;xs hA ¼6½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk mi/kkjk ¼4½ dk mYy?a ku djds fufeZr ;k ifjofrZr fdlh Hkou ;k Hkou ds Hkkx dks ifjofrZr djus ;k fxjkus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 142 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 108 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 223&224À 223&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k fdlh tydy] ukyh ;k lkoZtfud ekxksa Z vkfn dk ifjlj ds ty mlea s fufgr gks] fuekZ.k ;k ejEer ds nkSjk ;k tc dHkh mles a fufgr dksbZ fuekZ.k djrs le; øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk drZO; lkoZtfud ekxZ] ty&dy] ukyh ;k ifjlj dh ejEer u gksus ds dkj.k ;k vU;Fkk lkoZtfud mi;ksx ds fy, vlqjf{kr gks tk;]s fdlh nq?kZVuk ls cpus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr mik;kas }kjk lHkh vko”;d iw.kZ lko/kkfu;ka cjrsxh && ¼d½ Li’Vr% n”kZUkh; cukdj vkSj vklUu Hkouks a dks ljq f{kr djds( vkSj ¼[k½ ,sls fuekZ.k ;k ejEer ds nkSjku ;krk;kr dks jksdus] nwljs ekxZ ls eksM+us d s iz;kstukFkZ&ekxZ ds vkjikj ;k mleas M.Ms] tathj ;k [kEHks yxkdj( vkSj ¼x½ fdlh pkyw fuekZ.k dk; Z ij igjk j[kdj vkSj lw;kZLr ls lw;ksnZ ; rd mles a Ik;kZIr jks”kuh dh O;oLFkk djdsA ¼2½ tks dksbZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds izkf/kdkj ;k lEefr ds fcuk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fd, x, fdlh izcU/k ;k fuekZ.k dk; Z es a nq?kZVuk ls cpko ds fdlh dk; Z ea s fdlh izdkj dk gLr{ksi djs] og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA ty lEHkj.k 224&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 && tydy dk fuekZ.k vkSj ifjorZu djus dh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh “kfDr ¼d½ ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds Hkhrj ;k /kkjk 120 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds ckgj] tydy dk fuekZ.k dj ldsxh vkSj ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z dh fdlh Hkh ekxZ ;k LFkku ls gksdj vkj&ikj] Åij ;k uhps vkSj Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks fyf[kr :Ik es a ;qfDr;qDr uksfVl nsus ds ckn] fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe es a mlls gksdj] mlds Åij ;k uhps fu’ikfnr dj ldsxh( ¼[k½ le;&le; ij fdlh ty&dy dk foLrkj dj ldsxh] mls ?kVk ldsxh] mldk ekxZ cny ldsxh vkSj vkxs dk fuekZ.k dk; Z jksd ldsxh ;k mls cUn dj ldsxh ;k mls gVk ldsxh( ¼x½ jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls fdlh O;fDr ;k dEiuh dks ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds Hkhrj ty&lEHkj.k ds fy, ykblsla ns ldsxh vkSj bl iz;kstu ds fy, eq[; uy vkSj vU; uy] yxkus ty&dy dk fuekZ.k djus vkSj vU; lHkh vko”;d dk;oZ kgh ;k dk; Z djus dh vuqKk ns ldsxh( vkSj ¼?k½ mDr Lohdf`r ls gh vius orZeku ty&dy ds lHkh ;k fdlh Hkkx dk ,sls ykblsla /kkjh ds izcU/k ea s vUrj.k dj ldsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh Lohdf`r rc rd ugha nh tk;sxh tc rd fd jkT; ljdkj dk lek/kku u gks tk; fd ,slk djuk lECk) turk ds lokZf/kd fgr es a gksxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 144 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 109 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 224d&224xÀ ø224&d&& ¼1½ tc /kkjk 224 ds [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu dksbZ ykblsla Lohd`r fd;k ykblsla /kkjh dh “kfDr tk; rks og nj ftl ij] og jhfr ftlls vkSj og O;fDr] ftlds }kjk ykblsla /kkjh dks vkSj nkf;Ro mlds }kjk lEHkj.k fd;s x, ty ds fy,] Hkqxrku fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ,sls fucU/ku vkSj “krsa]Z ftu ij ykblsla /kkjh miHkksDRkkvks a dk ty la;kstu Lohdr` dj ldsxk] øuxjikfydkÀ3 rFkk ykblals /kkjh ds chp r; dh tk;sxh vkSj ykblsla es a izfo’V dh tk;sxh vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ3 bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eokyh }kjk mls iznŸk “kfDr dks] tks tydy vkSj ty lEHkj.k ls lEcfU/kr gks] ykblsla /kkjh dks izR;k;ksftr dj ldsxh% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tydj ds fu/kkZj.k vkSj flfoy okn ls fHkUu vU; izdkj ls mldh olwyh dh “kfDr ykblsla/kkjh dks izR;k;ksftr ugha dh tk;xs hA ¼2½ ,slk ykblsal/kkjh] øuxjikfydkÀ3 dh IkwoZ Lohd`r ls] bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 225 vkSj 227 }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ3 dks iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx dj ldsxkAÀ1 ø224&[k&& /kkjk 224 ds [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k izR;sd ykblsal] ;fn igy s orZeku ykblsla dk izfrlagj.k gh izfrlag`r u dj fn;k x;k gks] 13 twu] 1975 izfrlaâr gks tk;sxkAÀ2 ø224&x&& ¼1½ ;fn fdlh ykblsla /kkjh dk ykblsal 224 ds v/khu] tSlh fd og mŸkj izns”k uxjikfydk ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1975 ds izkjEHk ds Bhd iwoZ Fkh] izfrlaâr dj fn;k tk; ;k mDr vf/kfu;e }kjk ;Fkk izfrLFkkfir ubZ /kkjk 224&[k ds vk/kkj ij izfrlaâr gks tk; s rks ykblsla ds izfrlagj.k ds fnukad ¼ftls bl /kkjk esa vkxs ^mDr fnukad* dgk x;k gS½] ds Bhd iwoZ ykblsla /kkjh dks ;k mlea s fufgr ty&dy lEcU/kh leLr lEifŸk ¼vFkkZr~~ leLr orZeku ty lEHkj.k lsok;sa] ftuds vUrxZr lHkh la;a=] e”khujh] ty&dy] ifEiax lsV] fQYVj] csM rFkk fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ds fdukjs] Åij ;k uhps fcNk, x, ikuh dh eq[; ikbZi vkSj vU; uy Hkh gS rFkk muls layXu lHkh Hkou vkSj vU; fuekZ.k dk;Z] lkexzh] Hk.Mkj rFkk oLrq,a½ mDr fnukad ls ml lEifŸk ls lEc) ykblals /kkjh ds fdlh _.k cU/kd ;k rRleku vkHkkj ls eqDr gksdj øuxjikfydkÀ3 es a fufgr vkSj mldks vUrfjr gks tk;sxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slk _.k cU/kd ;k rRleku vkHkkj ,slh lEifŸk ds LFkku ij mi/kkjk ¼2½ eas fufnZ’V /kujkf”k ls lEc) gks tk;sxkA ¼2½ tgka fdlh ykblsla /kkjh dh dksbZ lEifŸk øuxjikfydkÀ3 ea s mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fufgr gks tkrh gS vkSj og ,slk tydy ugha gS] ftldk izcU/k ek= øuxjikfydkÀ3 us /kkjk 224 ds [k.M ¼?k½ ds v/khu ml ykblals /kkjh dks vUrfjr fd;k Fkk] ogka øuxjikfydkÀ3 ml ykblsla /kkjh dks bl /kkjk ds vkxs d s micU/kks a ds vuqlkj vo/kkfjr /kujkf”k nsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mDr fnukad ls mDr /kujkf”k ds Hkqxrku ds fnukad rd dh vof/k ds fy, mDr /kujkf”k ij mDr fnukad dks izHkko”kkyh fjtoZ cSad dh nj ls ,d izfr”kr vf/kd C;kt ykblsla /kkjh dks mDr /kujkf”k ds vfrfjDr fn;k tk;xs kA ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj bl /kkjk es a mfYyf[kr dVkSfr;ka djus ds Ik”pkr~ ykblsa/kkjh dks bl /kkjk ds v/khu ns; fdlh /kujkf”k dk fu/kkj.k djus ds fy, ys[kk lEcU/kh fo’k;kas ds Ik;kZIr Kku vkSj vuqHko okys O;fDr dks fyf[kr vkns”k }kjk fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh fu;qDr djsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 6 o’kZ 1933 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 45 o’kZ 1975 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 110 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 224xÀ ¼4½ ¼d½ fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh] fn, tkus okyh “kq) /kujkf”k dk fu/kkZj.k djus ds fy, jkT; ljdkj ds Lok;Ÿk “kklu vfHk;a=.k foHkkx ds ,sls vf/kdkfj;ks a rFkk deZpkfj;ksa ;k ykblsla /kkjh ls lgk;rk dh vis{kk dj ldrk gS] ftls og mfpr le>s( ¼[k½ fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh dks fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ks a ds lEcU/k es a oSlh gh “kfDRk;ka gksxa h] tSlh fdlh okn ij fopkj djrs le; flfoy fdz;k lafgrk] 1908 ds v/khu U;k;ky; ea s fufgr gksrk gS & ¼,d½ fdlh O;fDr dks gkftj djuk vkSj “kiFk ij mldk ijh{k.k djuk( ¼nks½ nLrkostks a dks izLrqr djus d s fy, ck/; djuk( ¼rhu½ lkf{k;ks a dk ijh{k.k djus d s fy, deh”ku tkjh djukA fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh dks ,slh vkSj “kfDr;ka Hkh gksxa h] ftUgas jkT; ljdkj xtV es a vf/klpw uk }kjk fofufnZ’V djsA ¼5½ ,sls ykblsal/kkjh dks ns; LFkwy /kujkf”k uhps fofufnZ’V /kujkf”k dk dqy ;ksx gksxh A ¼,d½ ty&dy ls lEcfU/kr vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fd, x, lHkh fuekZ.k dk; Z ¼miHkksDrkvks a }kjk Hkqxrku fd, x, fuekZ.k&dk;kZas dks NksM+dj½ tks iwjs gks x;s gSa vkSj ykHkizn mi;ksx okys gks]a mudk iqLrkafdr ewY;] ftles a ls bl /kkjk esa layXu lkj.kh ds vuqlkj vkadfyr vo{k; dks de dj fn;k tk;xs k( ¼nks½ fy, x, fuekZ.kk/khu dk;Z ¼miHkksDrkvks a ;k Hkkoh miHkksDrkvks a }kjk Hkqxrku fd, x, fuekZ.k&dk;kZas dks NksM+dj½ dk iqLrkafdr ewY;( ¼rhu½ fy, x, lHkh Hk.Mkj dk ftlds vUrxZr vfrfjDr iqts Z Hkh gSa] iqLrkafdr ewY; vkSj mi;ksx fd, x, Hk.Mkj rFkk vfrfjDr iqtksaZ dh n”kk es]a ;fn fy, x, gks]a ,slh /kujkf”k tks fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh }kjk fofuf”pr dh tk;(s ¼pkj½ yh xbZ rFkk mDr fnukad dks mi;ksx ea s ykbZ tk jgh vU; lHkh fLFkj vfLr;ks a dk iqLrkafdr ewY;] ftlea s ls mDr lkj.kh ds vuqlkj vkadfyr vo{k; dks dj fn;k tk;xs k( ¼ikap½ tks la;a= vkSj miLdj mDr fnukad dks fo|eku Fk s vkSj vc f?klkbZ&fiVkbZ ;k vizpyu ds dkj.k mi;ksx ea s ugh yk;s tk jgs gSa] ;fn os y s fy;s x; s gksa rks ftl lhek rd mu lcdk iqLrkafdr ewY;] ftles a ls mDr lkj.kh ds vuqlkj vkadfyr vo{k; dks de dj fn;k tk;xs kA Li’Vhdj.k&& fdlh fLFkr vkfLr ds iqLrkafdr ewY; dk rkRi;Z mldh ewY; ykxr ls gS vkSj bles a fuEufyf[kr Hkh lfEefyr gksxk & ¼1½ ykblsl/kkjh ds }kjk vkfLr ds fy, fn, x, dze ewY;] ftlds varxZr ifjnku dk [kpZ vkSj vkfLr dks vfLrRo es a ykus vkSj ykHkizn mi;ksx ds ;ksX; cukus es a mfpr :Ik ls mixr izHkkj ¼tSlk fd ykblals /kkjh dh cfg;ks a ea s fn[kk;k x;k gS½( ¼2½ Ik;Zos{k.k dh okLrfod ykxr] fdUrq tks iSjk ¼1½ ea s fufnZ’V /kujkf”k ds iUnzg izfr”kr ls vf/kd u gks% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl mi/kkjk ds v/kh /kujkf”k dk fofu”p; djus ds iwoZ] fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh }kjk ykblsla /kkjh dh lquokbZ dk volj bl ckr ds fy, de ls de 15 fnu dh uksfVl nsus d s Ik”pkr~ fn;k tk;xs kA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 111 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 224xÀ ¼6½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ykblsla /kkjh dks mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds v/khu ns; LFkwy /kujkf”k es a ls fuEufyf[kr /kujkf”k dkVus dk gdnkj gksxh & ¼d½ ykblsla /kkjh }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks ns; leLr /kujkf”k vkSj ml ij c;kt dk cdk;k] ;fn dksbZ gks( ¼[k½ jkT; ljdkj ;k jkT; fo|qr ifj’kn~ dks ns; leLr /kujkf”k rFkk ml ij C;kt dk cdk;k] ;fn dksbZ gks( ¼x½ ty&dy ds lEcU/k es a ¼la;qDr izkUr vkS|ksfxd fookn vf/kfu;e] 1947 ds vFkkZUrxZr½ etnwj ds :Ik es a lsok;ksftr O;fDr;ks a dks ns; vkSj mDr fnukad dks Hkqxrku dh xbZ etnwjh] cksul] vuqrks’k] Hkfo’; fuf/k ls ;k vU; Hkqxrku dh xbZ dksbZ /kujkf”k( ¼?k½ ykblsla /kkjh }kjk ty&dy ds lEcU/k ea s lsok;ksftr O;fDr;ks a ds fo’k; es a deZpkjh Hkfo’; fuf/k vf/kfu;e] 1952 ;k deZpkjh jkT; chek vf/kfu;e] 1948 ds v/khu vius va”knku ;k vius }kjk olwy fd, x, deZpkjh ds va”knku ;k ykblsla /kkjh ls olwyh ;ksX; vU; ns;ks a ds lEcU/k eas Hkqxrku u dh xbZ /kujkf”kA ¼7½ ykblsal/kkjh] ;FkkfLFkfr] jkT; ljdkj ;k jkT; fo|qr ifj’kn~ ds izfr ;k vius deZpkfj;ks a ds izfr mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds v/khu dh xbZ dVkSfr;ks a rd vius nkf;Ro ls mUekfspr gks tk;xs kA ,slh dksbZ dVkSrh dh tkus ij] øuxjikfydkÀ1] ;FkkfLFkfr jkT; ljdkj ;k jkT; fo|qr ifj’kn~ ;k etnwj dks ml lhek rd Hkqxrku djus dk mŸkjnk;h gksxhA ¼8½ tgka ykblsla /kkjh dks ns; LFkwy /kujkf”k bl /kkjk ds v/khu dVkSrh dh tkus okyh /kujkf”k ds cjkcj ;k mlls de gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ykblsla /kkjh dks dksbZ Hkqxrku ugha fd;k tk;xs kA ¼9½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ykblsla /kkjh dks ns; /kujkf”k] ;fn dksbZ gks] tks mi/kkjk ¼5½] ¼6½ rFkk ¼8½ ds v/khu fo”ks’k vf/kdkjh }kjk vo/kkfjr dh tk; s vkSj /kkjk 324 dh fdlh ckr dk ;g vFk Z ugha yxk;k tk;xs k fd og bl /kkjk ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ns; /kujkf”k ds vo/kkj.k ds lEcU/k es a ykxw gkrs h gSA fofHkUu vkfLr;ksa dh iz;ksxkof/k ds vk/kkj ij vo{k; lkj.kh ykblsla /kkjh ds midze es a yxh fLFkj vkfLr;ks a ds lEcU/k es a izR;sd o’kZ ds fy, mruh /kujkf”k dkVh tk;sxh] tks ;fn fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh ls fufnZ’V lEiw.kZ vof/k Ik;ZUr izfr o’kZ vyx j[kh tk; s rFkk ml ij pkj izfr”kr izfr o’kZ dh nj ls pdzo`f) C;kt lafpr gksus fn;k tk; s rks mlls mDr vof/k ds vUr es a mruh /kujkf”k izkIr gks] tks ykblsla /kkjh dh cfg;ks a ea s igy s ls mfYyf[kr rFkk i`Fkd dh xbZ /kujkf”k;kas dks /;ku es a j[krs gq,] mDr vkfLr dh ewy ykxr ds uCcs izfr”kr ds cjkcj gks & LrEHk & 1 LrEHk & 2 vkfLr dk C;kSjk vof/k ;k o’kZ la[;k ¼d½ Hkwfe] tks iw.kZ gd ds v/khu LokfeRo es a vifjfer gks ¼[k½ iV~Vs d s vUrxZr /k`r Hkwfe iV~Vs dh vof/k dk iV~Vs ds vH;iZ.k ij vlekIr “ks’k vof/k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 112 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 225&226À LrEHk & 1 LrEHk & 2 vkfLr dk C;kSjk vof/k ;k o’kZ la[;k ¼x½ ubZ dz; dh ubZ vkfLr;ka &&ipkl ¼d½ LFkk;h izdkj ds Hkou rFkk flfoy vfHk;kaf=d fuekZ.k&dk;]Z ftudk Åij mYys[k u fd;k x;k gks& ¼1½ dk;kZy; ¼2½ vLFkk;h laLFkkiu tSls dk’B & ikap lajpuk,a ¼3½ dPph lM+dks a ls fHkUu & ,d lkS ¼4½ vU; & ipkl ¼[k½ Lopfyr xkfM+;ka & lkr ¼x½ ¼1½ dk;kZy; QuhZpj rFkk fQfVaXl & chl ¼2½ dk;kZy; miLdj & nl ¼?k½ [kjhnh xbZ iqjkuh vkfLr;ka rFkk ,slh ,slh ;qfDr;qDr vof/k] ftls fo”ks’k vkfLr;ka] tks bl lkj.kh es a vU;Fkk u vf/kdkjh }kjk vkfLr;ks a ds vtZu ds le; nh xbZ gksA mudk izdkj] vk; q rFkk n”kk dks /;ku es a j[krs gq, vo/kkfjr fd;k tk;sAÀ1 225&& ¼1½ øux jikfydkÀ2] uksfVl }kjk fdlh ,sls Lokeh ;k O;fDr ls ftlds fu;a=.k futh ty ekxZ vkfn es a dksbZ futh ty ekxZ] lksrk] Vadh] dqvka ;k vU; LFkku gks] ftldk ty ihus ds fy, mi;ksx dh lQkbZ ;k mls cUn djus dh vis{kk es a yk;k tkrk gks] ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mls vPNh n”kk es a j[k s vkSj Bhd ls ejEer djus dh “kfDr djds mldk vuqj{k.k djs vkSj le;&le; ij mlls [kkn] dwMk&djdV ;k lMh ouLifr;ks a dks fudkydj mldh lQkbZ dj vkSj mlls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mls ,slh jhfr ls iznw’k.k ls cpk;]s tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ2 Bhd le>sA ¼2½ tc øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds lek/kkuizn :Ik ls ,sls fdlh tyekxZ] lksrs] Vadh] dq,a ;k vU; LFkku dk ty ihus ds fy, vuqi;qDr fl) gks tk;s] rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 uksfVl }kjk mlds Lokeh ;k ml ij fu;a=.k j[kus okys O;fDr ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og ml ty dk mi;ksx djus ls vkSj nwljks a dks mldk mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr nsus ls izfrfojr jgs vkSj ;fn ,sls uksfVl ds ckn] ,slk ty fdlh O;fDr }kjk ihus ds fy, mi;ksx es a yk;k tk; rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 uksfVl }kjk mlds Lokeh ;k ml ij fu;a=.k j[kus okys O;fDr ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og ml ty dk mi;ksx djus ls vkSj nwljks a dks mldk mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr nsus ls izfrfojr j[k]s vkSj ;fn ,ls uksfVl ds ckn] ,slk ty fdlh O;fDr }kjk ihus ds fy, mi;ksx es a yk;k tk;] rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk] mlds Lokeh ;k ml ij fu;U=.k j[kus s okys O;fDr ls vis{kk dj ldrk gS fd og ml dq,a dks ;k rks vLFkk;h&:Ik ls cUn dj ns ;k ,sls tyekxZ] lksrs] Vadh dqqvka ;k vU; LFkku dks ,slh jhfr ls] tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ2 funs”k ns] ?kj ns a ;k mlds pkjks a vksj ckM+k yxk ns] ftlls fd mlds ty dk bl izdkj mi;ksx u fd;k tk ldsA 226&& fdlh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 ;k mlls fdlh Hkkx es a gStk ;k dksbZ vU; ladzked egkekjh QSyus ij jksx] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl fufeÙk vf/klfwpr fd;s x;s gks]a QSyus dh n”kk es]a vkikrdkyhu “kfDr øuxjikfydkÀ2 dk v/;{k ;k mlds }kjk bl fufeŸk izkf/kdr` dksbZ O;fDr egkekjh QSy s gksus ds nkSjku fcuk lwpuk ds vkSj fdlh Hkh le; fdlh dq,a] Vadh ;k vU; LFkku dk] tgka ls ty ihus ds iz;kstu ds fy, fy;k tkrk gks ;k fy, tkus dh lEHkkouk gks] fujh{k.k dj ldsxh vkSj mldk foladze.k dj ldsxh vkSj ogka ls ty ysus dk s jksdus d s fy, ,slh vxzsŸkj dk;oZ kgh dj ldsxh] ftls og Bhd le>sA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 45 o’kZ 1975 dh /kkjk 3 }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 144 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 113 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 227&230À 227&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk] fdlh Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls] ftldh Hkwfe ij ty lEHkj.k ds fdlh dksbZ ukyh] laMkl] “kkSpky;] ew=ky;] uydwi ;k xyht ;k dwM+k&djdV j[kus ds vU; lzksr ds fudV ls “kkSpky; vkfn dk gVk;k ik= dks] tks fdlh ty lzksr] dq,a] Vadh] tyk”k; ;k vU; lzksr ds ftlls lkoZtfud tkuk mi;ksx ds fy, ty fy;k tkrk gks ;k fy;k tk ldrk gks] ipkl QqV ds Hkhrj fLFkr gks] ,sls uksfVl dh rkehy ls ,d lIrkg ds Hkhrj mls gVkus ;k mls cUn djus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA 228&& ¼1½ øizR;sd uxjikfydkÀ2 ftles a ty dj vf/kjksfir fd;k tkrk gks] ty dj yxkus okyh fuEufyf[kr ds fy, ck/; gksxh & øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh ck/;rk,a ¼d½ lEiw.kZ fofgr {ks= ;k fofgr {ks=ks a es a && ¼,d½ uyksa d s ek/;e ls ty lEHkj.k iz.kkyh dk vuqj{k.k djus( ¼nks½ fofgr ncko ij vkSj fofgr ?kaVks a ds nkSjku ty igqapkus( ¼rhu½ lHkh eq[; ekxksaZ ij] ftues a eq[; uy Mkys x;s gks]a [kM+ s uyksa ;k iEiks a dks] tks ,sls vUrjkyks a ij fLFkj gks] tks fofgr fd, tk;s]a ty lEHkj.k djsxh( vkSj ¼[k½ ,slh fu;ekoyh ds v/khu jgrs gq,] tks cukbZ tk;]s fdlh Hkou es a ;k Hkwfe ds] ftldk U;uw re fofgr ty dj fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gks] Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks ?kjsyw iz;kstuks a ds fy, ty izkIr djus ds iz;kstukFkZ Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks fofgr eki vkSj izdkj ds la;kstd uy eq[; uy l s tksM+us dh vuqefr ns ldsxh( vkSj ¼x½ [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu x`g la;kstu ds gdnkj izR;sd Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks] ftldh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ea s bldh O;oLFkk gks] Hkwfe ;k Hkou es a ;k ml ij fufeZr ,sls lap;u tydq.M es]a ftldh /kkfjr ,sls ifj.kke ls de u gks vkSj fofgr izfr:Ik dk gks vksj tks blds fy, vf/kdre fofgr ÅapkbZ ls vf/kd ÅapkbZ ij u gks] izR;sd pkSchl ?kaVs ea s mrus ifj.kke es a ty lEHkj.k djsxk] ftruk mlds }kjk ns; ty dj vkSj ?kjsyw iz;kstuks a ds fy, mldh vuqekfur vko”;drkvks a ds izfr funs”Z k ea s fofgr gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ea s “kCn ^fofgr* dk rkRi;Z /kkjk 235 ds v/khu fu;e }kjk fofgr ls gSA 229&& izR;sd øuxjikfydkÀ1 djkj }kjk fdlh Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks] djkj }kjk ty lEHkj.k mldh vko”;drkuqlkj fdlh Hkh iz;kstu ds fy,] ,sls ikfjJfed ij tks fu;e }kjk fofgr fdlh nj ;k njks a ls laxr gks vkSj bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fdlh fu;e ls laxr ,sls fucU/kks a vkSj “krksa Z ij] ftldk øuxjikfydkÀ1 vkSj ,sls Lokeh ;k v/;klh ds chp djkj gqvk gks] ty lEHkj.k dj ldsxhA 230&& ¼1½ tc fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks eq[; uy ls la;ksftr fd;k tk; s rks ty lEHkj.k ds fy, øuxjikfydkÀ1] tgka rd /kkjk 229 ds v/khu fd;s x;s fdlh djkj ls laxr gks] Lokeh] izHkkj iV~Vkdkj ;k v/;klh ls] tks Hkh fu;e }kjk fofgr fd;k tk;] leLr mi;qDr ty ds fy, bl izdkj fofgr nj ij ;k njks a ij izHkkj yxs hA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd uxjikfydk {ks= fdlh ekl es a lEHkkfjr ty ds fy,] fy, x, izHkkj es a ls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ij fu/kkZfjr ty&dj dk ckjgoka Hkkx ?kVk ldsxhA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 145 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 114 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 231&235À 231&& /kkjk 228 }kjk ;k /kkjk 229 ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh djkj }kjk nq?kZVUkk vkfn ds dkj.k øuxjikfydkÀ1 ij vf/kjksfir fdlh ck/;rk ds gksrs gq, Hkh dksbZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ty& nkf;Ro ls øuxjikfydkÀ dks NwV lEHkj.k u dj ldus ds dkj.k fdlh leigj.k] “kkfLr ;k uqdlku ds fy, nsunkj u gksxhA ;fn lEHkj.k u djus dk dkj.k dksbZ nq?kZVuk ;k vizkf;d vuko`f’V ;k vU; vifjgk; Z dkj.k jgk gksA 232&& /kkjk 229 ds v/khu fdlh djkj }kjk ty&lEHkj.k ds fy, vf/kjksfir fdlh vU; iz;kstuks a ds fy, ck/;rk ds gksrs gq, Hkh øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh Hkh le; ?kjsyw iz;kstuks a ls fHkUu iz;kstuks a ds ty lEHkj.k dh vis{kk ?kjsyw iz;kstuks a ds fy, fy, ty lEHkj.k dks lekIr dj ldsxh] ;fn mldh ;g jk; gks fd ,sls lEHkj.k ls ?kjsyw lEHkj.k dh ojh;rk iz;kstuks a ds fy, ty&lEHkj.k es a gLr{ksi gksxk vkSj ,slh n”kk es a øuxjikfydkÀ1 bl izdkj lEHkj.k dks lekIr djus ds fy, fdlh leigj.k] “kkfLr ;k uqdlku ds fy, rc rd nsunkj u gksxh& ¼d½ tc rd fd ,sls ty lEHkj.k es a vlQyrk /kkjk 231 es a fofufnZ’V dkj.k ls fHkUu fdlh vU; dkj.k ls u gqbZ gks( vkSj ¼[k½ tc rd fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 us /kkjk 229 ds v/khu fd, x, fdlh djkj }kjk] ftlesa ,slk ty lEHkj.k u djus ij leigj.k] “kkfLr ;k uqdlku ds fy, Li’V micU/k gks] ?kjsyw iz;kstuksa ls fHkUu vU; iz;kstu ds fy, ty&lEHkj.k dk Hkkj vius Åij u fy;k gksA 233&& /kkjk 228 ;k /kkjk 229 ds v/khu fdlh djkj es a nh xbZ fdlh ckr ds gksrs lEHkj.k ds vf/kdkj dk gq, Hkh fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks ty lEHkj.k /kkjk 235 ds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ds fucZU/kkRed fu;eks a ds v/khu gksuk micU/kks a vkSj fof”k’Vr% lEHkj.k dks lhfer djus ;k jksdus vkSj mldh cjcknh rFkk nq#i;ksx ds fuokj.k ds lEcU/k es a fdlh micU/k ds v/khu fd;k x;k vkSj Lohdr` fd;k x;k le>k tk;sxkA 234&& fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ea s ty lEHkj.k ls lEcfU/kr lHkh ehVjks]a ;kstd] uy ehVj vkSj la;kstd uy vkSj vU; vkuq’kafxd ladeZ dh lEiwfrZ] ejEer] foLrkj] ifjorZu tSlh vko”;drk gks] lEcU/kh micU/k fu;eks a es a fd, x, vU;Fkk micU/k ds flok; lEHkj.k dh vis{kk djus okys O;fDr ds O;; ij fd;k tk;xs k] fdUrq øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu fd;k tk;xs kA 235&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 vkSj lkoZtfud ty dy ls ty lEHkj.k ls lEc) ty lEHkj.k fu;ekoyh fuEufyf[kr fo’k; fu;ekoyh }kjk fofu;fer vkSj fu;af=r fd;s tk;sxa s( vFkkZr~ & ¼d½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dksbZ fo’k;] ftlds lEcU/k es a ;g ?kksf’kr fd;k tk; s fd fu;e }kjk mldh O;oLFkk gks tk;sxh( ¼[k½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ty lEHkjk ds fy, fCkNk, tkus okyh eq[; uy vkSj fufeZr fd; tkus okys ty&dy dk vkdkj vkSj izdkj( ¼x½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds tydy vkSj rRlEcU/kh uy vkSj vUok;fqDr;ks a dk fuekZ.k] fu;a=.k vkSj vuqj{k.k( ¼?k½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk yxk, tkus okys [kM+ s uy vkSj iEi dk vkdkj vkSj izdkj( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 115 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 235&dÀ ¼³½ eq[; uy ;k uy] ftles a Qk;j Iyx yxk, tkus gks a vkSj ,sls LFkku tgka ij Qk;j Iyx dh dqaft;ka tek dh tk;xs h( ¼p½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk lEHkjfr ty dk fdlh vgZ fo”kys’kd }kjk dkfyd fo”y’sk.k( ¼N½ ty lEHkj.k ds lzksr vksj lk/ku vkSj ty forj.k ds lkf/k= dk] pkgs os øuxjikfydk {ks=À3 ds Hkhrj gks a ;k ckgj] laj{k.k vkSj {kfr rFkk nw’k.k ls fuokj.k( ¼t½ ,slh jhfr] ftlls ty dy ls la;kstu dk fuekZ.k ;k vuqj{k.k fd;k tk lds vkSj og vfHkdj.k] ftls ,sls fuekZ.k ;k vuqj{k.k ds fy, fu;ksftr fd;k tk;xs k ;k fd;k tk ldsxk( ¼>½ ty ds lEHkj.k vkSj mi;ksx rFkk mls [kksyus vkSj cUn djus rFkk mldh cjcknh ds fuokj.k ds lEcU/k es a lHkh fo’k;kas vkSj oknks a dk fofu;eu( ¼¥½ ty&dj vkSj ty&lEHkj.k ds lEcU/k es a izHkkj dk laxzg vksj mlds vioapu dk fuokj.k( vkSj ¼V½ ty&lEHkj.k lEcU/kh dksbZ vU; fo’k;] ftlds fy, bl vf/kfu;e es a dksbZ micU/k u gks ;k vi;kZIr micU/k gks a vkSj jkT; ljdkj dh jk; es a vxzsŸkj micU/k vko”;d gksA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu ,slk fu;e] ftldk izHkko fdlh Nkouh ;k Nkouh ds Hkkx ij iM+rk gks] dsUnzh; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ds fcuk ugha cuk;k tk;xs kA ø235&d&& bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 224 ds [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu ykblsla Lohdf`r fdlh O;fDr ;k dEiuh ds lEcU/k es a fuEufyf[kr fo’k;] /kkjk 300 esa fofgr “krkZs a ds v/khu jgrs gq, jkT; ljdkj }kjk ty lEHkj.k lEcU/kh fucU/k fu;e }kjk cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh }kjk fofuf;er vkSj fu;af=r gksxa s & ¼1½ ykblsla /kkjh dk p;u] ¼2½ ykblsla ds fy, vkosnu dk vkdkj i=( ¼3½ ykblsla dk vkdkj i=( ¼4½ ykblals /kkjh }kjk fofgr izi= es a fooj.kks a vkSj y[s k s rS;kj vkSj izLrqr djuk( ¼5½ ykblsla /kkjh ds drZO;( ¼6½ ykblals /kkjh }kjk miHkksDrkvks a dk fu;fer :Ik ls vkSj LokLF; ty dk lEHkj.k lqfuf”pr~ djuk( ¼7½ ;g lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e vkSj ty&dy lEcU/kh fu;ekoyh ds micU/kks a dk dk;kUZ o;u mfpr :Ik ls fd;k tk jgk gS( vkSj ¼8½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] tks ykblsla ds mfpr dk;dZ j.k ds fy, vko”;d gksAÀ1 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 6 o’kZ 1933 }kjk tksM+h xbZA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 146 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 116 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 236&238À lkoZtfud ladeZ es a gLr{ksi dju s okyh lajpuk dks gVkus dh “kfDr 236&& ¼1½ tgk 10 ekpZ 1900 dks ;k mlds Ik”pkr~ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr fdlh ukyh ;k tydy vuqKk ds fcuk øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr] fdlh lkoZtfud ukyh ;k iqfy;k ;k fdlh ds Åij vuf/kd`r fuekZ.k djuk ;k isM+ yxkuk tydy ds Åij dksbZ ekxZ cuk;k x;k gks ;k dksbZ Hkou] nhokj ;k lajpuk fufeZr dh x;h gks ;k dksbZ isM+ yxk;k x;k gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 && ¼d½ ml O;fDr ls] ftlus ekxZ cuk;k gks] lajpuk dk fuekZ.k fd;k gks ;k isM+ yxk;k gks ;k Hkwfe] ftl ij ekxZ cuk;k x;k gks] lajpuk dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gks;k isM+ yxk;k x;k gks] ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls uksfVl }ljk ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mDr ekxZ] lajpuk ;k isM+ dks gVk ys a ;k vU; izdkj ls ,slh dk;oZ kgh djs] ftls øuxjikfydkÀ1 Bhd le>s( ;k ¼[k½ mDr ekxZ] lajpuk ;k isM+ dks Lo;a gVk ldsxh ;k mlds lEcU/k es a vU; izdkj ls dkbs Z ,slh dk;oZ kgh dj ldsxh] ftls og Bhd le>sA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu dh xbZ fdlh dk;oZ kgh ij øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk mixr O;; v/;k; 6 es a fofgr jhfr ls ml O;fDr ls ftlus ekxZ cuk;k gks] lajpuk dk fuekZ.k fd;k gks ;k isM+ yxk;k gks] olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA v/;k; & 8 vU; “kfDr;ka vkSj “kkfLr cktkj] o/k”kkyk] Hkkstu dh fcdzh vkfn 237&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ftyk eftLVsªsV ds vuqeksnu ls fcdzh ds fy, Ik”kqvks a fcdzh ds fy, I”kqvks a ds ;k fdlh fofufnZ’V izdkj ds o/k ds fy, ;k rks øuxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj ;k o/k dk LFkku ckgj dksbZ ifjlj fuf”pr~ dj ldsxh vkSj blh izdkj ds vuqeksnu ls ,sls ifjlj dk mi;ksx djus d s fy, ykblsla Lohdr` dj ldsxh vkSj mls okil y s ldsxhA ¼2½ tc øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 }kjk øuxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds ckgj ,sls ifjlj fuf”pr fd, tk,a rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks mudk fujh{k.k djus vkSj muds mfpr fofu;eu ds fy, mifof/k;ka cukus dh ogh “kfDr gksxh] ekuks mDr ifjlj uxj fuxe dh lhek ds Hkhrj fLFkr gksA ¼3½ tc ,slk ifjlj fuf”pr dj fn;k tk; rks dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 Hkhrj fdlh vU; LFkku ij fcdzh ds fy, fdlh ,sls Ik”kq dk o/k ugha djsxkA ¼4½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj fdlh vU; LFkku ij fcdzh ds fy, fdlh ,sls Ik”kq dk o/k djrk gS rks nks’k fl) gksus ij og ,sls tqekZus ls n.MUkh; gksxk] tks bl izdkj o/k fd, x, izR;sd Ik”kq ds fy, chl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 238&& øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk ftyk eftLVªsV dh iwoZ Lohd`r ,sls Ik”kqvks a ds fy, o/k ls] ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj ,sls ifjlj fuf”pr dj ldsxh] ftues a fdlh LFkku] tks fcdzh ds fy, vk”kf;r u gks ;k ftudk fo”ks’k izdkj ds Ik”kvq ks a ds o/k dh tks fcdzh ds fy, u gks] vuqKk nh tk;xs h vkSj /kkfeZd iz;sktuks a ds fy, ¿uxjikfydk dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj vU;=] flok; ,sls ekeyksa ds tks vko”;d gks] ,slk o/k o/k fd;k tk;s djuk fuf’k) dj ldsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk ds micU/k /kkfeZd iz;kstuks a ds fy, o/k fd, tkus okys Ik”kqvks a ij ykxw u gksxa sA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 147 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 117 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 239&243À 239&& tc dHkh ftyk eftLVªsV dks yksd “kkafr ;k O;oLFkk ds ifjj{k.k ds fy, ,sls Ik”kqvks a ds laca/k es]a ;g vko”;d izrhr gks rks og fofgr izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k v/khu jgrs gq,] lkoZtfud ftudk o/k fcdzh ds fy, uksfVl }kjk ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj fcdzh ls fHkUu iz;sktu ds fy, Ik”kq ;k u fd;k tk;s] ftyk eftLVªsV dh “kfDr fdlh fofufnZ’V izdkj ds Ik”kqvks a dk o/k djuk fuf’k) ;k fofu;fer dj ldsxk vkSj ,slk <ax vkSj jkLrk] ftl izdkj vkSj ftlds }kjk ,sls Ik”kqvks a dks o/k LFkku rd yk;k tk;sxk vkSj ogka ls ekal y s tk;k tk;xs k] fofgr dj ldsxkA 240&& ;fn /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ^p* ds mi”kh’kZd ¼³½ ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fdlh vk;kr dks fofu;fer mifof/k ds mYya?ku es a ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj fdlh <ksj] HksM+] cdjs ;k djus dh fdlh mifof/k lqvj dk xks”r yk;k tk; s rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds ml fufeŸk izkf/kdr` fdlh vf/kdkjh }kjk dk mYy?a ku djds vk;kfrr xks”r dk O;;u mldk vfHkxzg.k fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mls u’V ;k vU;Fkk fuLrkfjr fd;k tk ldsxk] tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk funs”k nsA 241&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydk dh lhekÀ2 ds Hkhrj] ekuo Hkkstu ds fy, vk”kf;r] dfri; oLrqvks a dh fcdzh Ik”kq&ekal ;k eNyh dh fcdzh ds fy, cktkj ;k nqdku ds :Ik es a ;k Qy vkSj “kkd&lCth ds fy, cktkjks a vkSj dh fcdzh ds fy, cktkj ds :Ik es a ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 cktkj ls fHkUUk fdlh LFkku dk nwdkuks a dks ykblsla nsuk mi;ksx djus dk fdlh O;fDr dk vf/kdkj /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ^p* ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ mifof/k ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ ds v/khu gksxkA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tgka dksbZ ,slh mifof/k izo`Ÿk gks] ftlds vuqlkj mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a of.kZr fdlh oLrq dh fcdzh ds fy, fdlh cktkj ;k nqdku LFkkfir djus ;k mlds vuqj{k.k ds fy, dksbZ ykblsla visf{kr gks] ogka øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 && ¼d½ ,slh mifof/k ds izorZu ds fnukad dks fof/kiwoZd LFkkfir fdlh cktkj ;k nqdku ds vuqj{k.k ds fy, ykblsla nsus ls badkj ugha djsxh] ;fn vkosnu&i= ,sls fnukad ls N% ekl ds Hkhrj fn;k tk;]s flok; bl vk/kkj ij fd ml LFkku ls] tgka cktkj ;k nqdku LFkkfir gS] vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu fofgr fdUgha “krksaZ dk vuqikyu ugha gkrs k gS( ;k ¼[k½ ,slh mifof/k ds v/khu Lohdr` fd, x, fdlh ykblsla dks] ykblsla h }kjk ykblsl dh “krksaZ ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k blds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh micU/k dk vuqikyu u djus ls fHkUu fdlh vU; dkj.k ls jn~n] fuyfEcr ;k mldk uohdj.k djus ls badkj ugha djsxhA 242&& tks dksbZ fdlh ,sls Ik”kq dks] tks nqX/k”kkyk ds iz;kstu ds fy, j[kk x;k gks nqX/k”kkyk ds iz;kstu ds ;k ftldk Hkkstu ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gks] efyu ;k gkfudkjd inkFkZ dk pkjk fy, j[ks x, Hkkstu ds fy, mi;ksx es a vkus okys f[kykrk gS ;k f[kykus nsrk gS] og nks’kfl) gksus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ipkl Ik”kqvks a dks vuqfpr pkjk #i;s rd gks ldsxkA nsuk 243&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk v/;{k] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh LokLF; vf/kdkjh vkSj ;fn Hkkstu] is; vkSj vkS’kf/k bl fufeŸk ladYi }kjk izkf/kdr` fd;k tk; s rks øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 dk dksbZ vU; lnL;] ds fcdzh ds LFkku dk fujh{k.k vf/kdkjh ;k lsod] jkr ;k fnu es a fdlh Hkh le; fcuk uksfVl ds fdlh cktkj] nqdku ;k LVky ;k ,sls LFkku es]a ftldk mi;ksx ekuo Hkkstu ;k is; inkFkZ dh fcdzh ds fy, ;k o/k”kkyk ds :Ik es a ;k vkS’kf/k dh fcdzh ds fy, fd;k tkrk gks] izos”k dj ldsxk vkSj mudk fujh{k.k dj ldsxk vkSj ogka ij fdlh Hkh Hkkstu ;k is; inkFkZ ;k fdlh Hkh Ik”kq ;k vkS’kf/k dk fujh{k.k vkSj ijh{k.k dj ldsxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 147 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 118 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 244&245À 244&& ¼1½ ;fn iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh LFkku dk fujh{k.k djrs le; dksbZ vLokLF;dj oLrqvks a dk Hkkstu dh oLrq ;k is; inkFkZ ;k dksbZ Ik”kq] tks ekuo mi;ksx ds fy, vk”kf;r vkSj mlds vfHkxzg.k vkSj gkfudj.k fy, vuqi;qDr izrhr gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 mldk vfHkxzg.k dj ldsxk vkSj mls gVk vkSj viz;qDr vkS’kf/k;ks a dk gVk;k tkuk ldsxk vkSj mls u’V djk ldsxk ;k mldk fuLrkj.k bl izdkj djk ldsxk fd og fcdzh ds fy, vfHknf”kZr u fd;k tk lds ;k ,sls miHkkksx ds fy, mi;ksx es a u yk;k tk ldsA ¼2½ ;fn ;qfDr;qDr :Ik ls ;g lansg gks fd fdlh vkS’kf/k es a vuqfpr feykoV dh xbZ gS ;k iqjkuh gks tkus ;k tyok;q ds izHkko ls vfdz; ;k vLokLF;dj gks xbZ gS ;k vU;Fkk ,slh jhfr ls mldk gzkl gks x;k gS] ftlls fd mldh izHkkodkfjrk de gks xbZ gks ;k mldh izo`fŸk cny xbZ gks ;k og gkfudkjd gks xbZ gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 mlds fy, jlhn nsdj mls gVk ldsxh vkSj fdlh eftLVªsV ds le{k mls izLrqr dj ldsxhA ¼3½ ;fn fdlh eftLVªsV dks] ftlds le{k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkS’kf/k izLrqr dh xbZ gks] ;g izrhr gks fd vkS’kf/k es a vuqfpr feykoV dh xbZ gS ;k og mi;qZDr :Ik es a vfdz;] vLokLF;dj ;k gkfudj gks xbZ gS rks og vkns”k ns ldsxk fd mls u’V dj fn;k tk; ;k mldk fuLrkj.k bl izdkj fd;k tk; tks og Bhd le>s vkSj ;fn ;g izrhr gks fd dksbZ vijk/k fd;k x;k gS rks og mldk laKku djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxkA dfri; O;kikj vkSj o`fŸk lEcU/kh vinw’k.k 245&& ¼1½ ;fn øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds lek/kkuizn :Ik es a ;g fn[kk;k tk; fd vkifŸktud O;kikj dk ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds Hkhrj fdlh ,sls Hkou dk LFkku dk] ftls dksbZ O;fDr fdlh oLrq ds fofu;eu fofuekZ.k] HkaMkj] vfHkfdz;k ;k fuLrkj.k ds fy, fdlh dkj[kkus ;k vU; dkjckj ds LFkku ds :Ik ea s mi;ksx djrk gS ;k mi;ksx djuk pkgrk gS] bl izdkj mi;ksx djus ds dkj.k ;k ,sls vk”kf;r mi;ksx ds dkj.k dksbZ yksd vinw’k.k gksrk gS ;k gksus dh lEHkkouk gS rks øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 vius fodYi ij mDr Hkou ;k LFkku ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls] uksfVl }kjk ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd && ¼d½ og mDr Hkou ;k LFkku dk ,sls iz;kstu ds fy, mi;ksx djus ;k mi;ksx djus nsus ls] ;FkkfLFkfr] izfrfojr ;k fojr jgs( ;k ¼[k½ mDr Hkou ;k LFkku dk ,sls iz;kstu ds fy, dsoy ,slk “krkZs a ds v/khu ;k ,sls lajpukRed ifjorZu ds Ik”pkr~] ftUgas øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ml uksfVl es a ,sls Hkou ;k LFkku dk fcuk fdlh vkifŸk ds ,sls iz;kstu ds fy, mi;ksx djus ds mn~ns”; ls vf/kjksfir ;k fofgr djs] mi;ksx djsxk ;k miHkksx djus nsxkA ¼2½ tks dksbZ O;fDr] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu nh xbZ uksfVl izkIr djus ds Ik”pkr~ mDr uksfVl dk mYya?ku djds fdlh Hkou ;k LFkku dk mi;ksx djrk gS ;k djus nsrk gS og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls] tks nks lkS #i;s rd gks ldrk gS vkSj vxzŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks&flf) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd ,sls fnu ds fy, t cog mDr LFkku ;k Hkou dk bl izdkj mi;ksx djs ;k djus ns] pkyhl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klpw uk }kjk bl /kkjk ;k 298 ds “kh’kZd ^N* ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fdlh mifof/k ds micU/kks a dks fdlh Hkh ,sls {ks= ea s ykxw dj ldsxh] tks uxjikfydk ds ckgj ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ3 ls ,d ehy dh nwjh ds Hkhrj gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 148 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 148 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 119 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 246&248À 246&& tks dksbZ O;fDr] øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 dh lhek ds Hkhrj dh fdlh lM+d ;k vuSfr iz;kstu ls vkokjk lkoZtfud LFkku ij os”;ko`fŸk ds iz;kstu ls vkokjkxnhZ djrk gS ;k fdlh O;fDr ls ?kweuk vkSj izyksHku nsuk O;fHkpkj djus ds fy, nqjkxzg djrk gS] nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ U;k;ky;] flok; fdlh nqjkxzghr O;fDr dh f”kdk;r ds ;k bl fufeŸk øuxjikfydkÀ1 vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk fyf[kr :Ik es a izkf/kd`r dze”k% fdlh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 vf/kdkjh ;k fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dh f”kdk;r ds] tks lc&balisDVj ds in ls uhps dk u gks] bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh vijk/k dk laKku u djsxkA 247&& ¼1½ tc izFke oxZ ds fdlh eftLVªsV dks ;g lwpuk izkIr gks fd && os”;kx`g vkfn ¼d½ fdlh iwtk ds LFkku ;k fdlh “kSf{kd laLFkk ;k Nk=ks a ds mi;ksx es a ;k muds }kjk v/;kflr fdlh Nk=kokl ;k gksLVy] Hkkstuky; ds lkekU; esa fdlh fdlh x`g dk mi;ksx] os”;kx`g ds :Ik es a ;k fu;fer :Ik ea s os”;ko`fŸk ds iz;kstu ds fy, ;k fdlh izdkj ds fopN`a[ky O;fDr;ks a }kjk fd;k tkrk gS( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh x`g dk mi;qZDr :Ik ea s mi;ksx lkehI; ds izfrf’Br fuokfl;ks a ds fy, {kksHk dk dkj.k gS( ;k ¼x½ Nkouh ds Bhd iM+ksl es a fLFkr fdlh x`g dk mi;ksx os”;kx`g ds :Ik es a ;k fu;fer :Ik ls os”;ko`fŸk ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS( rks og mDr x`g ds Lokeh] fdjk;snkj] izcU/kd ;k v/;klh dks ;k rks Lo;a ;k vfHkdrkZ }kjk vius le{k mifLFkr gksus ds fy, cqyk ldsxk vkSj ;fn mldk lek/kku gks tk; fd mDr x`g dk mi;ksx [k.M ¼d½] [k.M ¼[k½ ;k [k.M ¼x½ ea s of.kZr :Ik ea s fd;k tkrk gS rks og ,sls Lokeh] fdjk;ns kj] izcU/kd ;k v/;klh dks funs”k ns ldsxk fd ,sls vkns”k es a mfYyf[kr vof/k ds Hkhrj] tks mlds fnukad ls ikap fnu ls de u gks] ,slk mi;ksx djuk cUn dj ns% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl mi/kkjk ds v/khu dk;Zokgh dsoy&& ¼,d½ ftyk eftLVªsV dh Lohdf`r ls ;k mlds vkns”k }kjk( ;k ¼nks½ ,sls x`g ds] ftlds lEcU/k esa f”kdk;r dh xbZ gks] fudV lkehI; ls jgus okys rhu ;k vf/kd O;fDr;ks a dh f”kdk;r ij( ;k ¼rhu½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh f”kdk;r ij] dh tk;sxhA ¼2½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDRk] ftlds fo:) fdlh eftLVªsV }kjk mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkns”k fn;k x;k gks] mles a mfYyf[kr vof/k ds Hkhrj ,sls vkns”k dk vuqikyu djus es a foQy jgrk gS rks eftLVªsV ml ij ,slk tqekZuk vf/kjksfir dj ldsxk] tks mDr vof/k ls lekIr gks tkus ds Ik”pkr~] ftlds nkSjku mDr x`g dk bl izdkj mi;ksx fd;k tk;]s izR;sd fnu ds fy, iPphl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 248&& tks dksbZ O;fDr øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 d s Hkhrj fdlh lM+d ;k lkoZtfud fHk{kko`fŸk vkfn LFkku es]a nqjkxzg iwoZd fHk{kk ekaxrk gS ;k nku Hkkouk tkx`r djus ds mn~ns”; ls fdlh fodykaxrk ;k jksx ;k fdlh larkidkjh cz.k ;k ?kko dks [kqyk j[krk gS ;k iznf”kZr djrk gS og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij dkjkokl ls] tks ,d ekg rd gks ldsxk ;k tqekZus ls tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxk ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 149 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 120 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 249&254À lkoZtfud lqj{kk 249&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh ,sls dqŸks ;k vU; Ik”kq dh] tks tykard ¼jscht½ ls ikxy dqŸkks a vkfn dk ihfM+r gks ;k ftlds ;qfDr;qDr :Ik ls ihfM+r gksus dk lUnsg gks ;k ftls mi;qZDr :Ik ea s fuLrkj.k ihfM+r ;k lafnX/k fdlh dqŸks ;k vU; Ik”kq us dkVk gks] u’V djus ;k u’V djkus ;k mls ,slh vof/k ds fy,] ftlds fy, øuxjikfydkÀ1 funs”k ns] ifj#) djkus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks izkf/kdr` dj ldsxhA 250&& ¼1½ tc fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 dh jk; es a tykard eq[k iV~V cka/kus dk QSyus ij ,slk djuk vko”;d gks rks øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk vkns”k ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 es a ;k øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds fdlh Hkkx es a ,slh vof/k ds fy, tks og Bhd le>s ;k tc rd fd mDr uksfVl jn~n u dj nh tk;]s lHkh dqŸkks a ds eq[k iV~V cka/kus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 ,slh vof/k ds nkSjku fdlh ,sls dqŸks ds lEcU/k es]a tks uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ eq[kiV~V cka/ks fcuk ?kwerk gqvk ik;k tk;]s /kkjk 249 }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dk iz;ksx dj ldsxhA 251&& /kkjk 249 ;k 250 ;k /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ^t* ds mi”kh’kZd ¼t½ ;k ¼B½ ds fof/kiwoZd u’V fd, x, v/khu cukbZ xbZ fdlh mifof/k ds v/khu u’V fd, x, ;k vU;Fkk fuLrkfjr fd, x, fdlh dqŸks ds fy, izfrdj dk o.kZu dqŸks ;k vU; Ik”kqvks a ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ {kfriwfrZ ns; u gksxhA 252&& tks dksbZ O;fDr] flok; okLrfod vko”;drk dh fLFkfr ds] fdlh lM+d ekxZ ds fu;e dh mis{kk ij xkM+h pykus] vkxs y s tkus ;k <dsyus es a & djuk ¼d½ ck;ha vksj jgus es a foQy jgrk gS( vkSj ¼[k½ tc og mlh fn”kk es]a ftlesa og tk jgk gks] tkus okyh xkM+h ds vkxs fudyus es a ml xkMh ds nkfguh vksj jgus esa foQy jgrk gS rks nks’k fl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls teq kZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks nl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA viokn&& ;g /kkjk ,slh øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 dh fLFkfr es a ykxw u gksxh] tks iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% fdlh ioZrh; izns”k ea s fLFkr gksA 253&& tks dksbZ O;fDr jkf= vkSj izkr% dky ds e/; fdlh lM+d+ ij dksbZ xkM+h mfpr izdk”k ds fcuk pykrk gS] vkxs y s tkrk gS ;k <dsyrk gS] ;fn xkM+h es a izdk”k dh mfpr O;oLFkk u gks] xkM+h pykuk nks’kfl) gksus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks chl #i;s rd gks ldsxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk] ftldh iqf’V fofgr izkf/kdkjh }kjk dh x;h gks] funs”Z k ns ldsxh fd ;g /kkjk mu xkfM+;ks a ij ykxw u gksxh] tks iSny pyus dh xfr ls vf/kd u pyk;h tk jgh gksA 254&& fdlh gkFkh] ÅaV ;k Hkky w dk izHkkjh dksbZ O;fDr] ;fn fdlh ?kksM+ s ds fudV gkFkh vkfn dks lqjf{kr vkus ij ftl ij dksbZ lokj gks ;k og tqrk gks ;k y s tk;k tk jgk gks] vius gkFkh] ÅaV nwjh ij gVkus es a foQy gksuk ;k Hkky w dks ;Fkklk/;] fdlh lqjf{kr nwjh ij gVkus ds fy, vuqjks/k fd, tkus ij ,slk djus es a pwd djrk gS rks og nks’k&fl) gksus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks chl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 149 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 121 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 255&258À 255&& ¼1½ dksbZ ,slk Lokeh ;k j[kokyk] ftlds eos”kh ;k vU; Ik”kq fdlh lM+d eos”kh vkfn dk lM+d ij ;k lkoZtfud LFkku ij ca/ks gq, ;k fcuk j[kokys ds b/kj&m/kj HkVdrs gq, ik, tk;as] cka/kus dk fu’ks/k nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks nks lkS ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA ¼2½ mi;qZDr :Ik ea s ca/ks gq, fdlh Ik”kq dks fdlh uxjikfydk vf/kdkjh ;k lsod }kjk ;k fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk fdlh dkath gkml esa gVk;k tk ldsxk ekuks mDr Ik”kq HkVdrk gqvk ik;k x;k gksA 256&& tgka øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr fdlh Hk es a fufgr fdlh Hkwfe ;k fdlh lkoZtfud LFkyks a ij lkoZtfud LFkku ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk fdlh xkM+h ;k Ik”kq ds xkfM+;ks a ;k Ik”kqvks a dk iM+ko iM+ko LFky ;k Msjk Mkyus ds LFkku ds :Ik es a mi;ksx fd;k tk;] ogka ;FkkfLFkfr] xkM+h ;k Ik”kq dk Lokeh ;k j[kokyk ;k Msjk Mkyus okyk O;fDr nks’k&fl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls tks ,d lkS #i;s rd gks ldsxk vkSj mYya?ku tkjh jgus dh n”kk es a vxzsŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks’k&flf) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy, ftlds nkSjku vijk/kh dk ckjEckj vijk/k fd;k tkuk fl) gks] nl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 257&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk ;g funs”k ns ldsxh fd mlds Toyu”khy lajpuk ds }kjk fuf”pr dh xbZ dfri; lhekvks a ds Hkhrj] øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr lgefr ds fcuk] lEcU/k es a “kfDr >ksifM+;ks a ;k vU; Hkouks a dh Nrs a vkSj ckgjh nhokys]a ?kkl] pVkbZ] ifŸk;ks a ;k vU; vfrToyu”khy lkexzh ls cukbZ ;k uohd`r ugha dh tk;xs hA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh Hkh le;] fyf[kr uksfVl }kjk ,sls Hkou ds] fdlh ckgjh Nr ;k nhoky ;FkkkiwoksDZ r lkexzh dh cukbZ xbZ gks] Lokeh ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og ,slh Nr ;k nhoky dks ,sls ;qfDr;qDr le; ds Hkhrj] tks uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k] gVk ns Hkys gh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ lkoZtfud uksfVl tkjh u fd;k x;k gks ;k ,slh Nr ;k nhoky øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh lgefr ls vFkok ,sls lkoZtfud uksfVl ds] ;fn dksbZ gks] tkjh gksus d s igy s cukbZ xbZ gks% izfrcU/k ;g gS fd fdlh ,slh Nr ;k nhoky dh n”kk es]a tks ,slh lkoZtfud uksfVl tkjh gksus ds iwoZ fo|eku jgh gks ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh lgefr ls cukbZ xbZ gks] øuxjikfydkÀ1 mls gVk, tkus ds dkj.k ls gq, fdlh uqdlku ds fy, izfrdj nsxh] tks ml Nr ;k nhoky ds fuekZ.k ds ewy O;; ls vf/kd u gksxkA ¼3½ tks dksbZ O;fDr mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk ;Fkk&visf{kr lgefr ds fcuk ;FkkiwoksDZ r fdlh Nr ;k nhoky dk fuekZ.k ;k uohdj.k djrk gS ;k fuekZ.k ;k uohdj.k djkrk gS ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh uksfVl dh voKk djds mls cuk, j[krk gS] nksf’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls tks iPphl #i;s rd gks ldsxk vkSj ,sls vxzŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks’kflf) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy, tc vijk/k tkjh jgs] nl #i;s rd gks ldsxhA 258&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fcuk uksfVl ds vkSj fnu ;k jkr es]a fdlh Hkh le; izkf/kd`r ek=k ls vf/kd fdlh ,sls x`g ;k Hkou es a izos”k dj ldsxh vkSj mldk fujh{k.k dj ldsxh] ftles a mls ;g Toy”khy lkexzh dh ryk”kh ysus dh “kfDr lUnsg gks fd /kkjk 245 ;k fdlh mifof/k ds micU/k ds v/khu ,sls x`g ;k Hkou es a j[ks tkus d s fy, vuqKkr ek=k ls vf/kd ek=k es a isVªksfy;e ;k vU; Toyu”khy lkexzh gSA ¼2½ ;fn ,slh lkexzh ,slh vf/kd ek=k es a ikbZ tk;]s rks mlds lEcU/k es a fdlh eftLVªsV }kjk fn, x, vkns”k ds v/khu jgrs gq, mls vfHkx`ghr fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj j[kk tk ldsxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 122 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 259&261À ¼3½ ;fn eftLVªsV ;g fofu”p; djs fd vfHkx`ghr lkexzh dk /kkjk 245 ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh funs”k ;k fdlh mifof/k ds micU/k ds izfrdwy] mDr x`g ;k Hkou es a laxzg fd;k x;k gS rks og mlds vf/kxzg.k dk vkns”k ns ldsxkA ¼4½ bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh micU/k ds v/khu jgrs gq, bl izdkj vf/kgj.k dh xbZ lkexzh dks] eftLVªsV ds vkns”k }kjk cspk tk ldsxk vkSj vkxe dks ,sls fodz; ds O;; dh pqdrk djus ds ckn uxjikfydk fuf/k es a tek dj fn;k tk;xs kA ¼5½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu vf/kgj.k dk dksbZ vkns”k fdlh ,slh vU; nkf.Md ;k flfoy dk;oZ kgh dks] tks vR;f/kd ek=k es a lkexzh dk laxzg djus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr ds fo:) dh tk ldrh gks] izofrZr gksus ls fuokfjr ugha djsxkA 259&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 tgka thou ;k lEifŸk ds fy, ladV ds fuokj.kkFkZ Toyu”khy lkexzh dk <sj vko”;d izrhr gks] lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk lHkh O;fDr;ks a dks uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V LFkku ij yxkuk vkfn ;k lhek ds Hkhrj ydM+h] lw[kh ?kkl] Hkwlk ;k vU; Toyu”khu lkexzh dk <sj yxkus dk tek djus ;k ogka ij pVkb;ka fcNkus ;k NIij Mkyus ;k vkx tykus ls izfr’ks/k dj ldsxhA 260&& ¼1½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh jk; es a fdlh LFkku ij [knku ;k Hkwfe ls ladViw.kZ [knku dk;Z iRFkj] feV~Vh ;k vU; lkexzh dk gVk;k tkuk mlds iM+ksl es a fuokl djus okys ;k mlds ifjn”kZu ds gdnkj O;fDRk;ks a ds fy, ladViw.kZ gS ;k mlls yksd vinw’k.k gksus ;k mlds gks tkus dh lEHkkouk gS rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 fyf[kr uksfVl }kjk] mDr [knku ;k LFkku ds Lokeh dks ;k ,sls [knku dk; Z djus ;k lkexzh gVkus ds fy, mŸkjnk;h O;fDr dks ,sls [knku dk; Z dks tkjh j[kus ;k mldh vuqKk nsus ;k ,slh lkexzh dks gVkus dk izfr’ks/k dj ldsxh ;k ,sls [knku ;k LFkku ds lEcU/k es a ,slk vkns”k izkIr djus dh vis{kk dj ldsxh] tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,sls ladV ds fuokj.k ds ;k ,sls viznw’k.k ds mi”keu ds iz;kstukFkZ] tks mlls mRiUu gks ;k ftlds mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk gks] funs”k nsxhA ¼2½ ;fn mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh ekey s es a fdlh vklUu [krjs ds fuokj.kkFkZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks vko”;d izrhr gks rks og ;kf=;ks a dh lqj{kk ds fy, [knku ;k LFkku ds fudV leqfpr foKkiu iV~V ;k ckM+k yxok;xs k vkSj ,slh dk;oZ kgh djus ij øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk mixr O;; dk Hkqxrku mi;qZDr Lokeh ;k vU; O;fDr }kjk fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mls v/;k;

6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA 261&& ¼1½ tks dksbZ O;fDr øuxjikfydkÀ1 ;k fdlh vU; fof/kiw.kZ izkf/kdkjh dh [kM+ta k vkfn dks gVkuk fyf[kr lgefr ds fcuk] lkoZtfud lM+d dk dksbZ [kMat+ k] ukcnku] fcNk, x, pkSdksj iRFkj ;k vU; lkexzh dks ;k mldh ckM+] nhoky ;k [kEHkks a dks ;k fdlh uxjikfydk dh cŸkh] cŸkh ds [kEHks csdz sV] funs”Z k [kEHkk] LVs.M iksLV] cECkk ;k uxjikfydk dh ,slh vU; lEifŸk dks gVkrk gS] mBkrk gS ;k mles a ifjorZu djrk gS ;k vU;Fkk gLr{ksi djrk gS vkSj tks dksbZ O;fDr ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh izdk”k dks cq>krk gS] og nks’kfl) gksus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ,d gtkj #i;s rd gks ldsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a of.kZr dksbZ Hkh ,slk dk; Z djus ds dkj.k fd;k x;k O;; vijk/kh ls v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 123 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 262&265À 262&& tks dksbZ O;fDr ,slh jhfr ls vkXus;k;/q k pykrk gS ;k vkfr”kckth ds xqCckjs vkXus;k;q/k vkfn pykuk NksM+rk gS ;k fdlh ,sls [kys es a yxk jgrk gS] ftlls fd ogka ls xqtjus okys ;k iM+ksl es a jgus okys ;k dke djus okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ladV ;k fdlh lEifŸk ds {kfrxzLr gksus dh tksf[ke mRiUu gks ;k gksus dh lEHkkouk gks rks og nks’kfl) gksus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks chl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 263&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh [k.Mgj] Hkouks]a vkjf{kr ls vis{kk dj ldrh gS fd og && dqvks a vkfn ls ladV ds fuokj.k ds fy, “kfDr ¼d½ ,sls fdlh Hkou] nhoky ;k fdukjk vU; lajpuk ;k mlls lEc) fdlh Hkh oLrq dks rksM+ ns ;k mldh ,slh jhfr ls ejEer djk; s tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ vko”;d le>s ;k ,sls fdlh o`{k dks] tks mDr Lokeh dk gks ;k mDr v/;klh ds dCts es a gks gVk ns] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks [k.Mgj fLFkfr es a ;k lEifŸk ds fy, ladViw.kZ izrhr gks( ;k ¼[k½ mDr Lokeh ds ;k mDr v/;klh ds dCts ds fdlh dq,a] rkykc] tyk”k;] iks[kj ;k [knq kbZ dk; Z dh] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk mldh fLFkfr] ejEer u gksus ;k ,slh gh vU; ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds dkj.k ladViw.kZ izrhr gks] ,slh jhfr ls ejEer djk;]s lajf{kr j[k s ;k ?ksj ns] tSlk fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 vko”;d le>sA ¼2½ tgka øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks ;g izrhr gks fd fdlh O;fDr ;k lEifŸk ds vklUu ladV ds fuokj.k ds iz;kstukFkZ rqjUr dk;oZ kgh djuk vko”;d gS rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og rqjUr ,slh dk;oZ kgh djs vksj ,sls ekey s es]a /kkjk 287 ds micU/kks a ds gksrs gq, Hkh øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fy, uksfVl nsuk vko”;d ugha gksxk] ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks ;g izrhr gks fd uksfVl nsus es a gksus okys foyEc ls bl izdkj rqjUr dk;oZ kgh djus dk mn~ns”; foQy gk s tk;xs kA 264&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk fdlh ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds] tks ifjR;kx djus vu/;kflr Hkouks a ;k Hkwfe ;k fooknxzLr LokfeRo ;k vU; dkj.ko”k vu/;kflr gS vkSj xsdkj mPN`a[ky O;fDr;ks a dk dks vinw’k.k cuus ls fuokfjr djus dh “kfDr vfHkxe LFkku cu xbZ gS ;k vU;Fkk yksd vinw’k.k gks xbZ gS ;k gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] Lokeh ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mls uksfVl es a fuf”pr fd, x, ;qfDr;qDr le; ds Hkhrj mls lqjf{kr dj ns vkSj ?ksj nsA 265&& ¼1½ tks dksbZ O;fDr øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk&& lM+dka s ij ck/kk ¼d½ fdlh xkM+h dks] ftles a dksbZ Ik”kq tqrk gks ;k u gks] fdlh lM+d ij eky p<+kus ;k mrkjus ds fy, ;k lokfj;ka yus s ;k mrkjus ds fy, vko”;drk ls vf/kd le; rd jksdrk gS ;k [kM+k j[krk gS ;k bldh vuqefr nsrk gS] ftlls lM+d ij ck/kk igqparh gS( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh xkM+h ;k Ik”kq dks ,sls NksM+ nsrk gS ;k bl izdkj cka/krk gS] ftlls fd lM+d ij ck/kk igqaprh gS( ;k ¼x½ fdlh oLrq gks] pkgs fdlh LVky ;k cwFk ij ;k fdlh vU; jhfr ls fcdzh ds fy, bl izdkj iznf”kZr djrk gS] ftlls lM+d ij ck/kk igqparh gS( ;k ¼?k½ fdlh lM+d ij dksbZ Hkou fuekZ.k lkexzh] lUnwd] xkaB] c.My ;k O;kikfjd lkexzh tek djus nsrk gS( ;k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 124 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 266&267À ¼³½ fdlh lM+d ij dksbZ ckM+k] taxyk] [kEHkk] LVky ;k dksbZ ikM+ ;k ,slk dksbZ vU; miLdj [kM+k djrk ;k yxokrk gS( ;k ¼p½ fdlh jhfr ls fdlh lM+d ds fuckZ/k vkokxeu es a tkucw>dj ck/kk Mkyrk ;k ck/kk Myokrk gS] rks og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls] ikap lkS #i;s rd gks ldrk gS vkSj mYya?ku tkjh jgus dh n”kk es a vxzŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks’k&fl) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/kh dk ckj&ckj vijk/k djuk lkfcr gks] nl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh ck/kk dks gVkus dh “kfDr gksxh vkSj bl izdkj gVkus dk O;; vijk/kh ls v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼3½ lM+d ls ck/kk gVkus ds fy, mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk iz;ksDrO; “kfDr dk øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fdlh ,slh [kyq h txg ls] pkgs og øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr gks ;k u gks] tks futh lEifŸk u gks] ck/kk gVkus ds fy, Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼4½ bl /kkjk es a vUrfoZ’V dksbZ ckr fdlh lM+dh dh ,slh fdlh ck/kk ij ykxw u gksxh] ftldh vuqKk øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk bl vf/kfu;e dh fdlh /kkjk ;k rn~/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ;k Lohdr` fdlh ykblsla ds v/khu nh xbZ gksA 266&& tks dksbZ O;fDr] øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk] fdlh ,sls [kyq s lkoZtfud Hkwfe dh [kqnkbZ LFkku ls] pkgs og øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a fufgr gks ;k u gks] tks futh lEifŸk u gks] feV~Vh] ckyw ;k vU; lkexzh [kksnrk gS ;k gVkrk gS] og nks’k&fl) Bgjk, tkus ij iakp lkS #i;s ls vuf/kd ds tqekZus ls vkSj ;fn vijk/k fujUrj tkjh jgrk gS rks ,sls vxzsŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ,sls vijk/k ds fy, izFke ckj fl)&nks’k Bgjk, tkus ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftlds nkSjku vijk/k tkjh jgrk gS] nl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA LoPNrk vkSj jkxs dk fuokj.k 267&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk] fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh vlkoZtfud ukfy;ka] ls vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og && eydwi] dwM+knku] “kkSpky; vkfn ¼d½ ,slh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ls lEc) fdlh “kSpky;] ukcnku] ukyh] eydwi] dwM+knku ;k xUnxh] eSyk ikuh] dwM+k&djdV ;k dpjs ds fdlh vU; ik= dks <d ns] gVk ns] ifjofrZr dj ns] mldh ejEer djk,] lQkbZ djk,] mls jksxk.kqeqDr djk, ;k vPNh gkyr es a j[k s ;k ,sls fdlh “kkSpky;] ew=ky; ;k ukcnku ds fdlh }kj ;k Nr }kj dks] tks fdlh lM+d ij ukyh dh vksj [kyq rk gks] gVk ns ;k ifjofrZr dj ns( ;k ¼[k½ ,sls “kkSpky;ksa] ew=ky;ks]a ukcnkuks]a ukfy;ks]a eydwiks]a dwM+knku ;k xUnxh ;k eSyk ikuh] dwM+k&djdV ;k dpjs ds vU; ik=ks a dh O;oLFkk djs] ftudh mldh jk; esa mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe es a O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,] fdlh orZeku O;oLFkk ds vfrfjDr gks ;k u gks( ;k ¼x½ Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds fy, O;ofLFkr fdlh “kkSpky;] ew=ky; ;k ukcnku dks Ik;kZIr Nr vkSj nhoky ;k ckM+ ls bl izdkj cUn dj ns fd ogka ls xqtjus okys O;fDr;ks a ;k iM+ksl ds fuokfl;ks a dks fn[kk;h u nsA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 125 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 268&272À ¼2½ tc mi/kkjk ¼1½ dh vis{kkuqlkj fdlh ckr dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh gks] dksbZ ifjorZu ;k dksbZ dk; Z fd;k tkrk gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl es a ftl ckr dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh gks mldk fooj.k] ftlds vuq:Ik ml oLrq dk ifjorZu fd;k tkuk gks] mldk izfr:Ik vkSj ftlds vuqlkj dk; Z fd;k tkuk gks] mldh jhfr fofufnZ’V dj ldsxhA 268&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls] ftlds fu;kstu es a chl ls vf/kd dkj[kkuks]a Ldwyks a vkSj deZdkj ;k Jfed gks ;k ftlds LokfeRo izcU/k ;k fu;a=.k es a dksbZ cktkj] Ldwy ;k fFk;sVj lkoZtfud vfHkxe ds LFkkuks a ds fy, “kkSpky; ;k lkoZtfud vfHkxe dk vU; LFkku gks] uksfVl }kjk ,sls “kSpky;ks a vkSj ew=ky;ks a dh O;oLFkk djus tSlk og Bhd le>s vkSj mls mfpr fLFkfr es a j[kus vkSj mldk nSfud lQkbZ djus dh vis{kk dj ldsxh % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk dh dksbZ ckr bf.M;u QSDVªht ,sDV] 1911 }kjk fofu;fer fdlh dkj[kkus ij ykxw u gksxhA 269&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk] fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh rkykc vkfn ls mRiUUk ls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og mlls futh dq,a rkykc] tyk”k;] iks[kj] xrZ ;k xM+~<s vinw’k.k gVkus dh vis{kk dh] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks] iMksl ds LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd ;k larkidkj izrhr gks] djus dh “kfDr LoPN djk,] ejEer djk,] <d ns Hkj ns ;k mlds ty dk fuLrkj.k dj ns % ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd dksbZ Lokeh ;k v/;klh øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls vis{kk dj ldsxk fd og mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu vkfn’V tyksRlkj.k djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, vko”;d fdlh Hkwfe ;k Hkwfe ds vf/kdkj dks vius O;; ij vftZr djs ;k vU;Fkk O;oLFkk djsA 270&& ¼1½ /kkjk 278 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq, øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh ukyh] ukfy;ks]a laMklks a vkfn dk laMkl] ukcnku] “kkSpky;] ew=ky;] eydwi ;k xUnxh ds vU; ik= dk fujh{k.k dj ldsxh fujh{k.k vkSj ml iz;kstu ds fy,] tgka og Bhd le>s] Hkwfe dks [kqnok ldsxhA ¼2½ ,sls fujh{k.k vkSj Hkwfe dks Hkjus vkSj igy s dh rjg Bhd djus dk O;; øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ogu fd;k tk;xs k] tc rd fd mDr ukyh] laMkl] ukcnku] “kkSpky;] ew=ky;] eydwi ;k xUnxh ds vU; ik= [kjkc n”kk ;k fLFkfr es a u ik;s tk;as ;k mudk fuekZ.k] bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds] ;k v/khu cuk, x, fdUgha micU/kks a ds mYya?ku es a u fd;k x;k gks] ftl n”kk es a mDr O;; dk Hkqxrku Lokeh ;k v/;klh }kjk fd;k tk;xs k vkSj v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA 271&& ;fn dksbZ Hkou ;k Hkwfe xUnh ;k vLokLF; dj fLFkfr es a gks rks xUns Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk mlds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks LoPN ;k LoPN j[kuk vU;Fkk mfpr fLFkfr es a j[kus vkSj rRi”pkr~ mldks LoPN vkSj mfpr fLFkfr cuk, j[kus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA 272&& tgka fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ij&& nqxZfU/kr inkFkZ dks gVkus es a foQyrk ¼d½ /kwy] xkscj] gM~Mh] jk[k] fo’Bk ;k xUnxh ;k dksbZ gkfudkj ;k larkidkjh inkFkZ pkSchl ?kaVs ls vf/kd le; ls fdlh mfpr ik= es a u j[kdj vU;Fkk j[kk tkrk gks( ;k ¼[k½ ,slh oLrqvks a dk dksbZ ik= xUnh ;k gkfudkjd fLFkfr es a gks ;k fdlh mfpr <ax ls mls LoPN ;k “kq) u fd;k tkrk gks( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 126 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 273&275À rks ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk Lokeh ;k v/;klh nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij ,sls tqekZus ls tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxk vkSj mYya?ku tkjh jgus dh n”kk es a vxzsŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks’kflf) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd ,sls fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/kh }kjk lk/kkj.k vijk/k fd;k tkuk lkfcr gks] ikap #i;k rd gks ldsxkA 273&& ¼1½ ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 && dwM+k&djdV fo’Bk vkfn ds fuLrkj.k dk fofu;eu ¼d½ larkidkjh inkFkZ dwMk&djdV dks LFkk;h :Ik ls tek djus ds fy, ik= vkSj LFkku dh O;oLFkk dj ldsxh( ¼[k½ fo’Bk] yksFk vkSj vU; larkidkjh inkFkZ vkSj dwMk&djdV ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, LFkku fu;r dj ldsxh( vkSj ¼x½ lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk ,slk le;] ,slh jhfr vkSj “krksa Z ds lEcU/k es a funs”k tkjh dj ldsxh tc] ftlds vuqlkj vkSj ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, [k.M ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ ea s fufnZ’V dksbZ larkidkjh inkFk Z ;k dwMk&djdV fdlh lM+d ls gVk;k tk;]s tek fd;k tk; s ;k mldk vU;Fkk fuLrkj.k fd;k tk;As ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds v/khu LFkku fu;r fd, tkus ds fy, ;g uksfVl Ik;kZIr gksxh fd ,sls fu;r LFkku ij ;k mlds fudV ,sls fu;r LFkku dks bafxr djrs gq, ,d uksfVl cksMZ yxk fn;k tk;As ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds ckgj dksbZ LFkku fu;r djus d s iwoZ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ftyk eftLVªsV dh iwoZ Lohdf`r izkIr djsxhA 274&& ftl Hkou ;k Hkwfe ls dksbZ larkidkjh inkFkZ] dwM+k&djdV] fo’Bk ;k yksFk] dwMk&djdV] fo’Bk vkfn [k.M ¼[k½ d s v/khu fu;r fdlh LFkku ;k /kkjk 273 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s [k.M ¼d½ d s v/khu ds vuqfpr fuLrkj.k ds fy, “kkfLr O;ofLFkr fdlh ik= ls fHkUu vU;Fkk fdlh lkoZtfud LFkku ;k lM+d ds fdlh Hkkx ij ;k fdlh lkoZtfud lhoj ;k ukyh es a ;k fdlh lkoZtfud lhoj ;k ukyh ls feyus okyh fdlh ukyh es a Qsda k ;k tek fd;k tkrk gS] ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ;k v/;klh vkSj dksbZ ,slk O;fDr] tks mi/kkjk ds [k.M ¼x½ ds v/khu tkjh fd, x, øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh funsZ”k dk mYya?ku djrk gS] nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij nks lkS ipkl #i;s ls vuf/kd d s tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxkA 275&& ¼1½ tc dHkh fdlh O;fDr ds Hkkj lk/kd esa fdlh ,sls Ik”kq dh ;k rks fcdzh Ik”kqvks a ds “ko dk ds fy, ;k miHkksx ds fy, ;k fdlh vU; /kkfeZd iz;kstu ds fy, o/k fd, tkus ls fHkUu fuLrkj.k izdkj ls e`R;q gks tk;s rks mldk Hkkjlk/kd O;fDr pkSchl ?kaVs d s Hkhrj ;k rks & ¼d½ ml yksFk dks /kkjk 273 ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk Ik”kqvks a ds “ko ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, fu;r fdlh LFkku ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ ;k ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ2 ds ckgj fdlh LFkku ij] tks mDr lhek ls ,d ehy ds Hkhrj u gks] ys tk;xs k( ¼[k½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks mldh e`R;q dh lwpuk nsxk] ftl ij øuxjikfydkÀ1 mDr yksFk dk fuLrkj.k djk;xs kA ¼2½ ,slk izR;sd O;fDr] tks mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s vuqlkj dk; Z djus d s fy, vkc) gks] ;fn ,slk dk; Z djus es a foQy jgrk gS] nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls] tks nl #i;s rd gks ldsxk] n.Muh; gksxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 150 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 127 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 276&279À ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼[k½ ds v/khu fdlh Ik”kq ds “ko ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, øuxjikfydkÀ2 ,slh Qhl y s ldrk gS] tks øuxjikfydkÀ2 us fofgr dh gks vkSj mDr Qhl dks ;fn mldk vfxze Hkqxrku u fd;k x;k gks rks v/;k; 6 }kjk micfU/kr jhfr ls Ik”kq ds Lokeh ;k j[kokys ls olwy dj ldrk gSA 276&& tc dHkh fdlh gkSnh] lhoj ;k eydwi dk ty ;k fdlh vU; larkidkjh lkoZtfud lM+d vkfn ij inkFkZ dks] øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk ;k ,slh vuqKk es a fofgr fdlh “krZ xUns ty dks cgkus ds fy, “kkfLr dk mYya?ku djds] fdlh lkoZtfud lM+d ;k LFkku ij] ;k fdlh ,sls lhoj ;k ukyh es]a tks ml iz;kstu ds fy, vyx ls u gks] cgus fn;k tk; s ;k mldk fuLrkj.k djus fn;k tk; s ;k fudyus fn;k tk;s rks ,slk Lokeh ;k v/;klh] ftldh Hkwfe ;k Hkou ls ,slk ty ;k larkidkjh inkFkZ bl izdkj cgrk gks] mldk fuLrkj.k gksrk gks ;k fudkyk tkrk gks] nks’k&fl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ønks lkS ipkl #i;sÀ1 rd gks ldsxkA 277&& /kkjk 287 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] øuxjikfydkÀ2 fdlh Hkou es a Hkouks a es a izos”k djus vkSj izos”k dj ldsxh] mldk fujh{k.k dj ldsxh vkSj uksfVl }kjk funs”Z k ns ldsxh fd mls mUgs a jksxk.kqeqDr djus dh “kfDr lEiw.kZr;k ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds Hkhrj ;k ckgj ls LoPNrk lEcU/kh dkj.kks a ls pwus ls iqrkbZ djkbZ tk;] jksxk.kqeqDr djk;k tk; s ;k vU;Fkk LoPN djk;k tk; s % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl /kkjk dh dksbZ ckr bf.M;u QSDVªht ,sDV] 1911 }kjk fofu;fer fdlh dkj[kkus ij ykxw u gksxhA 278&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ Hkou ;k Hkou dk dksbZ dejk] øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh jk; es]a ekuoh; fuokl ds fy, ty fuLrkj.k ;k laokru ;k vU; izdkj ls mfpr lk/kuks a ds vHkko ds dkj.k ekuoh; vuqi;qDr Hkou fuokl ds fy, vuqi;qDr gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 uksfVl }kjk] mlds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks mDr Hkou ;k dejs dks ekuoh; fuokl ds fy, mi;ksx djus ;k bl izdkj mi;ksx fd, tkus ds fy, jgus nsus ls ;k rks iw.kZr;k rc rd ds fy, izfrf’k) dj ldsxh] tc rd fd og uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V le; ds Hkhrj mles a ,sls ifjorZu u djok ns] tSlk fd uksfVl es a fofgr fd;k tk;As ¼2½ ,sls O;fDr }kjk] ftls mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu uksfVl tkjh fd;k x;k gks] mldk vuqikyu u djus ij] øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds fy, ;g fof/kiw.kZ gksxk fd og vxzsŸkj uksfVl }kjk mDr Hkou ;k dejs dk s rksM+ nsus dh vis{kk djsA 279&& ,slk O;fDr] tks && gStk] pps d vkfn dh lwpuk u nsus ds fy, ¼d½ fpfdRlk O;olk;h gks vkSj ftls ,sls O;oLkk; ds nkSjku ;g laKku gks “kkfLr tk; s fd gStk] Iysx] pspd ;k dksbZ ,slk ladzked jksx] ftls jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl lEcU/k es a vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;]s ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 ds Hkhrj lkoZtfud fpfdRlky; ls fHkUu fdlh fuokl LFkku es a QSyk gqvk gS( ;k ¼[k½ ,sls fuokl LFkku dk Lokeh ;k v/;klh gks vkSj ftls mles a fdlh ladzked jksx QSyus dk laKku gks tk;s ,sls fpfdRlk O;olk;h }kjk O;frdze djus ij( ;k 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 12 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 150 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 128 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 279d&281À ¼x½ ,sls fuokl&LFkku es a fdlh ,sls ladzked jksx ls xzLr fdlh O;fDr dk Hkkjlk/kd gks ;k mldh ifjppkZ es a yxk gks vkSj ftls mles a ,slk jksx QSyus dk laKku gks tk;] ,sls Lokeh ;k v/;klh }kjk O;frdze djus ij laKku gks tkus ds pkSchl ?kaVs ds Hkhrj mDr jksx QSykus ds lEcU/k es a ,sls vf/kdkjh dks] ftls ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 bl fufeŸk fu;qDr djs] lwpuk nsus es a foQy jgrk gS ;k feF;k lwpuk nsrk gS] nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slk dksbZ O;fDr] ftlds fy, izFker% lwpuk nsuk visf{kr u gks] fdUrq fdUgha vU; O;fDr;ks a }kjk O;frdze djus ij gh lwpuk nsuk visf{kr gks] n.Muh; ugha gksxk] ;fn ;g crk;k tk;s fd mlds ikl ;g eku yus s ds fy, ;qfDr;qDr dkj.k Fkk fd lwpuk ns nh xbZ gS ;k lE;d~ :Ik ls ns nh tk;xs hA ø279&d&& tc ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd fdlh Hkou ea s /kkjk 279 ds mu O;fDr;ks a dh ijh{kk v/khu vf/klPw ; ladzked jksx ?kVuk gqbZ gS rks LokLF; vf/kdkjh ;k mlds }kjk izfrfu;qDr dh tkus dh “kfDr] ftuds ckjs es a ladzked jksxks a ls vU; l{ke O;fDr] /kkjk 287 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] mDr Hkou es a izos”k djsxk vkSj xzLr gksus dk lansg gks ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ks a dh ijh{kk djsxk] ftlds ckjs es a jksxxzLr gksus dk lUns”k gks vkSj O;kf/kdh; ijh{kk ds fy,] ;fn vko”;d gks] lkexzh Hkh izkIr dj ldsxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd vkB o’kZ ls vf/kd vk; q dh efgyk dh ijh{kk dsoy efgyk }kjk gh dh tk;xs hAÀ1 280&& tc gStk] Iysx] pspd ls ;k vU; ladzked jksx ls] ftls jkT; ljdkj bl jksfx;ks a dks fpfdRlky; ys fufeŸk vf/klwfpr djs] xzLr ;k fdlh lE;d~ :Ik ls vgZ fpfdRlk O;olk;h }kjk ,sls jksx tkuk ls xzLr izekf.kr fd;k x;k O;fDr && ¼d½ fcuk fdlh mfpr vkokl ;k LFkku ds gks(a ;k ¼[k½ fdlh ljk; ;k vU; lkoZtfud vkokl es a jgrk gks( ;k ¼x½ fdlh ,sls dejs ;k ,sls x`g es a jgrk gks] tks u rks mldk gks vkSj u og mlds v/;klu ds fy, vU;Fkk gdnkj gks( ;k ¼?k½ fdlh ,sls dejs ;k dks’B cfy es a jgrk gks] tks ,d ls vf/kd ifjokj ds v/;klu es a gks vkSj mues a ls fdlh v/;klh dks mlds ogka cus jgus ij vkifŸk gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ2 ,sls fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh dh lykg ls] tks lgk;d ltZu ds in ls uhps dk u gks] ,sls jksxh dks ,sls fpfdRlky; es a ;k fdlh ,sls LFkku ij gVk ldsxh] tgka mDr jksx ls xzLr O;fDr;ks a dk fpfdRlh; mipkj fd;k tkrk gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh ,slh dk;oZ kgh dj ldrk gS] tks bl izdkj gVk, tkus ds fy, vko”;d gksA 281&& ;fn fdlh ladzke] lkalfxZd ;k ?k`f.kr fodkj ls xzLr gksus ij dksbZ Hkh dfri; fodkjks a ls xzLr O;fDr && O;fDr;ks a }kjk d`r dk;ksa Z ds fy, “kkfLr ¼d½ ekuoh; miHkksx ds fy, [kk| inkFkZ ;k is; ;k dksbZ vkS’kf/k ;k Hks’kt fcdzh ds fy, cukrk gS ;k izLrqr djrk gS( ;k 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 12 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 151 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 129 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ5 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 282&284À ¼[k½ ,sls inkFkZ vkS’kf/k ;k Hks’kt dk vU; O;fDr;ks a }kjk fcdzh ds fy, j[k s tkus ij tkucw>dj Li”kZ djrk gS( ;k ¼x½ xUns diM+ksa dks /kksus ;k ys tkus ds dkjckj esa dksbZ Hkkx yrs k gS rks nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ipkl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 282&& ;fn LokLF; lsok&funs”kd ;k flfoy ltZu ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh ;g LokLF; ds fy, izekf.kr djrk gS fd fdlh izdkj dh Qlyksa dh [ksrh ;k fdlh fdLe dh [kkn dk miHkksx gkfudkjd [ksrh] [kkn dk mi;ksx ;k flapkbZ ;k fdlh fofufnZ’V jhfr ls Hkwfe dh flpakbZ && djus dk izfr’ks/k ¼d½ ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 dh lhek ds Hkhrj fdlh LFkku es a djuk gkfudj gS ;k ,sls dk; Z djus es a lgk;d gksrk gS] tks iM+ksl es a jgus okys O;fDr;ks a ds LokLF; ds fy, gkfudj gks( ;k ¼[k½ ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 dh lhek ds Hkhrj ;k ckgj fdlh LFkku es a djus ls ,slh ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds ty lEHkj.k ds nwf’kr gksus dh laHkkouk gks ;k ty ihus ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, vU;Fkk vuqi;qDr gksrk gks] rks ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk] ,slh Qly dh [krs h djus] ,slh [kkn dk mi;skx djus ;k flapkbZ dh ml fof/k dk iz;ksx djus dk] ftls bl izdkj gkfudj crk;k x;k gks] izfr’ks/k dj ldsxh ;k muds lEcU/k es a ,slh “krZ vf/kjksfir dj ldsxh] ftles a ,slh gkfu ;k nw’wk.k fuokj.k fd;k tk lds % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd tc fdlh ,slh Hkwfe es]a ftlds lEcU/k es a ,slh uksfVl tkjh fd;k tk;] izfr’ks/k fd, tkus d s fnukad ls Bhd iwoZorhZ yxkrkj ikap o’kZ rd d`f’k ds lkekU; dze es a izfrfl) dk;Z fd;k x;k gks rks mlesa fgr j[kus okys leLr O;fDRk;ksa dks ,slh {kfr ds fy,] tks mUgs a ,slk izfr’ks/k djus ls gqbZ gks] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 fuf/k ls izfrdj fn;k tk;xs kA 283&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 uksfVl }kjk] fdlh Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls fdlh ,slh vfu’Vdkjh ouLifr;ks a dks ouLifr ;k >kM+ >a[kkM+ dks] tks iM+ksl ds LokLF; ds fy, gkfudj ;k larkidkjh gks] lkQ lkQ djus ds fy, Lokfe;ks a ls vis{kk djus djus ;k gVkus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA dh “kfDr 284&& ¼1½ fdlh uxjikfydk es]a ftlds fy, /kkjk 298 d s “kh’kZd ^>* ds mR[kuu dks Hkjus ;k mi”kh’kZd ^N* ds v/khu mifof/k;ka cukbZ xbZ gks] ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À3 uksfVl }kjk] ftl Hkwfe mlds ty&fuLrkj.k dh vis{kk djus dh “kfDr ij dksbZ mR[kuu] eydwi] rkykc ;k xM~<k mDr mifof/k;kas dk mYya?ku djds ;k mu “krksaZ ds Hkax djds] ftlds v/khu dksbZ ,slh mR[kuu] eydwi] rkykc ;k xM~<+k cukus dh vuqKk nh xbZ gks] cuk;k x;k gks] ml Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls mDr uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V vof/k ds Hkhrj ml mR[kuu] eydwi] rkykc ;k xM~<s + dks Hkjus ;k mudk ty&fuLrkj.k djus dh vis{kk dj ldsxhA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk bl /kkjk ds vkSj bl /kkjk ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, cukbZ xbZ mifof/k;kas ds micU/kks a dks ¿uxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds ckgj fdlh ,sls {ks= es a Hkh ykxw dj ldsxh] tks ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ4 ls ,d ehy dh nwjh ds Hkhrj iM+rk gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 151 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 152 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 152 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 130 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 285&287À 285&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk] dfczLrku ;k ,slh “ke”kku Hkwfe dfczLrku vkSj “e”kku ds fy,] ftlds ckjs es a flfoy ltZu ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh }kjk ;g izekf.kr fd;k tk; s fd Hkwfe ds lEcU/k es a “kfDr iM+ksl es a jgus okys O;fDr;ks a ds LokLF; ladViw.kZ gS ;k mlds ladViw.kZ gksus dh lEHkkouk gS] uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V fnukad ls cUn djus dk vkns”k ns ldsxh vkSj ,slh n”kk es]a ;fn leqfpr nwjh ds Hkhrj dksbZ mi;qDr dfczLrku ;k “e”kku Hkwfe u gks rks bl iz;kstukFkZ mi;qDr LFkku dh O;oLFkk djsxhA ¼2½ ,sls dfczLrkuks a es a futh dczxkgks a dh ,slh “krZ ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ftUgs a øuxjikfydkÀ1 bl fufeŸk vf/kjksfir djs] mDr uksfVl ls viokfnr j[kk tk;sxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,slh dczxkgks a dh lhek Ik;kZIr :Ik ls ifjfuf”pr dh xbZ gks vkSj mudk mi;ksx dsoy muds Lokfe;ks a ds ifjokj ds lnL;ks a dh vUR;sf’V ds fy, gh fd;k tk;xs kA ¼3½ dksbZ Hkh dfczLrku ;k “ke”kku Hkwfe] pkgs og lkoZtfud gks ;k futh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds fcuk] cukbZ ;k fufeZr ugha dh tk;xs hA ¼4½ dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fyf[kr vuqKk ds flok;] fdlh “ko dh ekU;rk izkIr dfczLrku ;k “ke”kku Hkwfe ls fHkUu fdlh vU; LFkku ij vUR;sf’V ;k nkg&laLdkj ugha djsxk vkSj ;k vUR;sf’V ;k nkg laLdkj djk;sxkA ¼5½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDRk] bl /kkjk ds micU/kks a ds izfrdwy] fdlh “ko dh vUR;sf’V ;k nkg&laLdkj djrk gS ;k vUR;sf’V ;k nkg&laLdkj djkrk gS ;k mldh vuqefr nsrk gS rks og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tks ij ,sls teq kZus ls n.Muh; gksxs k] tks iakp lkS #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 286&& øuxjikfydkÀ1 Luku ds iz;kstu ds fy, mi;qDr LFkkuks a dks i`Fkd dj Luku vkSj /kqykbZ djus ds ldrk gS vkSj ;g Hkh fofufnZ’V dj ldsxh fd ,sls LFkkuks a dk mi;ksx fdl le; vkSj LFkku efgykvks a ;k iq:’kks a es a ls fdlds }kjk fd;k tk;sxk vkSj Ik”kqvks a ;k diM+ksa ;k vU; oLrqvks a dh /kqykbZ ds fy, Hkh mi;qDr LFkku i`Fkd dj ldsxh vkSj lkoZTkfud uksfVl }kjk fdlh ,sls lkoZtfud LFkku es]a ftls bl izdkj i`Fkd u fd;k x;k gks ;k fofufnZ’V fd, x, le; ;k O;fDRk;ks a ls fHkUu le; ij ;k fHkUu O;fDRk;kas }kjk Luku djus ;k Ik”kqvks a ;k diM+ksa ;k vU; oLrqvks a dh /kqykbZ dk izfr’ks/k dj ldsxh vkSj blh izdkj fdlh ,sls dk;Z dk Hkh izfr’ks/k dj ldsxh] ftlls lkoZtfud LFkku ;k ufn;ks a ;k ikuh xUnk gks ;k mi;ksx es a u yk;k tk lds ;k ftlls ,sls LFkkuks a dk fof/kiwoZd mi;ksx djus okys O;fDr;ks a dks vlqfo/kk ;k Dy”s k mRiUu gks ;k mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk gksA fujh{k.k] izos”k] ryk”kh vkfn 287&& ¼1½ v/;{k] vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj ;fn bl fufeŸk ladYi }kjk izkf/kdr` lkekU; fujh{k.k fd;k x;k gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk dksbZ vU; lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod] fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe esa lgk;dks a dk deZdkjks a ds lkFk ;k mlds fcuk] fujh{k.k ;k los{Z k.k djus ;k dksbZ ,slk dk; Z fu’ikfnr djus d s mn~ns”; ls izos”k dj ldsxk] ftls djus ;k fu’ikfnr djus d s fy, øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eks a ;k mifof/k;kas }kjk izkf/kdr` fd;k x;k gks ;k ftls djuk ;k fu’ikfnr djuk øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e vFkok fu;eks a ;k mifof/k;kas d s fdUgha Hkh micU/kks a ds iz;kstukFkZ ;k vuqlj.k ea s vko”;d gksA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd & ¼d½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;eks a ;k mifof/k;ks a es a vU;Fkk Li’Vr;k fd, x, micU/k ds flok;] lw;kZLr vkSj lw;ksnZ ; ds chp ,slk izos”k ugha fd;k tk;xs k( vkSj 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 131 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 288&290À ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ;k vf/kfu;eks a ;k mifof/k;kas es a vU;Fkk Li’Vr;k fd, x, micU/k ds flok; fdlh ,sls Hkou es]a ftldk mi;ksx ekuo fuokl ds :Ik ea s fd;k tkrk gks] mlds v/;klh dh lgefr ds flok;] mDr v/;klh dks bl izos”k djus ds vk”k; dk de ls de pkj ?kaVs iwoZ fyf[kr uksfVl fn, fcuk izos”k ugha fd;k tk;xs k( vkSj ¼x½ ,sls izR;sd volj ij Hkh tc fdlh ifjlj ea s uksfVl fn, fcuk vU;Fkk izos”k fd;k tk;]s Ik;kZIr uksfVl fn;k tk;xs k] ftlls fd efgykvks a ds fy, vyx fd, x, fdlh dejs dh fuoklh efgykvks a dks ifjlj ds fdlh ,sls Hkkx es a gVk;k tk lds] tgka mldh ,dkUrrk es a fdlh izdkj dh ck/kk u igqaps( vkSj ¼?k½ ml ifjlj ds] tgka izos”k fd;k tk;]s v/;kfl;ks a dh lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd izFkkvks a dk lE;d /;ku j[kk tk;xs kA 288&& tgka ;g fo”okl djus dk dkj.k gks fd fdlh Hkou ;k fdlh Hkwfe es a fuokjd fujh{k.k fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 ty&dy] ty&fuLlkj.k lEcU/kh fuekZ.k dk; Z ;k vU; uxjikfydk midze ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ fuekZ.k&dk; Z bl vf/kfu;e ds fu;eks a ;k mifof/k;kas ds micU/kks a dk mYya?ku djds fu’ikfnr fd;k x;k gS] ogka ¿v/;{kÀ3 dk ;fn ¿v/;{kÀ3 }kjk bl izdkj funs”k fn;k tk; s rks vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh] fdlh Hkh le; vkSj fcuk uksfVl ds mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk fujh{k.k dj ldsxkA 289&& /kkjk 287 ;k 288 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu fujh{k.k djus ;k ryk”kh ysus ds izos”k djus dh “kfDr iz;kstu ls izos”k djus ds fy, izkf/kdr` fdlh O;fDr ds fy, fdlh njokts] QkVd ;k vU; vojks/k dh [kksyuk ;k [kqyokuk fof/k iw.kZ gksxk&& ¼d½ ;fn og ;g le>rk gks fd ,sls izos”k] fujh{k.k ;k ryk”kh ds iz;kstu ds fy, mls [kksyuk vko”;d gS( vkSj ¼[k½ ;fn Lokeh ;k v/;klh vuqifLFkr gks] rks ;k mifLFkr gksrs gq, Hkh] ,sls njokt s QkVd ;k vojks/k dks [kksyus ls badkj djsA 290&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 mifof/k }kjk ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd fdlh tydy dfri; fuekZ.k dk;ksa Z dks ;k /kkjk 192] 267 vkSj 268 es a fufnZ’V izdkj ds fuekZ.k dk; Z dk fu’iknu mlds vkns”kks a ds vius vfHkdj.k }kjk v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 ;k vU; vfHkdj.k }kjk fd;k tk;As fu’ikfnr djkus dh mis{kk djus dh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh “kfDr ¼2½ bl izdkj fu’ikfnr fdlh fuekZ.k dk; Z ds O;; dk Hkqxrku ml O;fDr }kjk fd;k tk;xs k] ftlds }kjk mDr fuekZ.k dk; Z vU;Fkk fu’ikfnr fd;k tkrk] rc rd fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 fdlh lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k ;k ladYi }kjk uxjikfydk&fuf/k ds izHkkj ls ,sls fuekZ.k dk;Z dk fu’iknu djus dh Lohdf`r u ns nsxh] tSlk fd mls nsus ds fy, ,rn~}kjk l”kDr fd;k tk;As ¼3½ fdlh ty&dy ds fy, mlds ;k fdlh futh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds ty fuLrkj.k ds lEcU/k es a fdlh uy] fQfVax] ik= ;k vU; lkf/k= dk ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds [kps Z ls lEHkj.k] fuekZ.k ;k ifjfuekZ.k fd;k tk; s rks og uxjikfydk dh LkEifŸk le>h tk;xs h] tc rd fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 us mles a vius fgr dk ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh dks vUrj.k u dj fn;k gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 132 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 291&295À fdjk;k vkSj izHkkj 291&& ¼1½ tgka øuxjikfydkÀ2 us fufgr ;k mlds izcU/k es a lkSih xbZ Hkwfe ds Hkwfe ds fdjk, dh olwyh lEcU/k esa fdlh O;fDr ls fdjk, ds en~ns dksbZ jde øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks ns; gks] ogka øuxjikfydkÀ2 dyDs Vj dks ,sls fdjk, dh fdlh cdk;k dks olwy djus ds fy, vkosnu dj ldsxh ekuks a og Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k jgh gksA ¼2½ dySDVj] ;g lek/kku gks tkus ij fd jde ns; gS] mls Hkw&jktLo dh cdk;k dh rjg olwy djus dh dk;oZ kgh djsxkA 292&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a fufgr ;k mlds izcU/k es a lkSaih xbZ Hkwfe ls fHkUu vU; vU; LFkkoj lEifŸk ds LFkku lEifŸk ds lECkU/k es a fdlh O;fDr ls fdjk, ds en~ns øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks dksbZ cdk;k fdjk, dh olwyh v/;k; 6 es a fufgr jhfr ls olwy dh tk;xs hA 293&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a fufgr ;k mlds izcU/k es a lkSih xbZ fdlh LFkkoj ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 lEifŸk dk lEifŸk dk] ftles a lkoZtfud lM+d ;k ,slk LFkku lfEefyr gS] ftldk mi;ksx ;k iV~Vs ds v/khu mi;ksx fd, tkus es a vU;Fkk v/;klu djus dh mlus vuqefr nh gks] pkgs og vuqefr ml ij fdlh iz{ksi.k dh gks ;k mi;ksx djus dh Qhl vU; izdkj dh] mi;ksx ;k v/;klu djus ds fy, ¼fdlh iV~Vs ds v/khu mi;ksx ;k v/;klu ls vU;Fkk½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 fdlh mifof/k }kjk ;k lkoZtfud uhyke }kjk ;k fdlh djkj }kjk fuf”pr Qhl y s ldsxhA ¼2½ ,slh Qhl ;k rks /kkjk 294 ds v/khu Lohdf`r] ykblsla ;k vuqKk ds fy, Hkkfjr Qhl d s lkFk mn~xzghr dh tk;xs h ;k v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy dh tk;xs hA ø293&d&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 jkT; ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls] fdlh ,sls LFkku dk] Qhl vf/kjksfir djus dh tgka turk dks izos”k djus dh vuqefr gks vkSj tgka ij øuxjikfydkÀ2 turk ds fy, “kfDr LoPNrk vkSj vU; lqfo/kkvks a dh O;oLFkk dj ldsxh] mi;ksx djus ds fy, Qhl vf/kjksfir vkSj mn~xzghr dj ldsxhAÀ1 294&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 fdlh ykblsla ] Lohdf`r ;k vuqKk ds fy,] ftls og bl ykblsla dh Qhl vkfn vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu nsus dk gdnkj gks ;k nsus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gks] dksbZ Qhl y s ldsxh] tks mifof/k }kjk fuf”pr dh tk;xs hA øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk fu;ksftr O;fDr;ks a dks ck/kk igqapkuk 295&& tks dksbZ O;fDr fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk ;k mlds lkFk fdlh lafonk ds v/khu fu;ksftr gks] muds drZO;ks a dk fu;ksftr O;fDr;ks a dks ck/kk igqapkus ds fy, ikyu djus es a ;k mldh lafonk dks iwjk djus es a ck/kk igqapkrk gS ;k mlls NsM&NkM+ “kfLr djrk gS ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu izkf/kdr` fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fu’iknu ds fy, vko”;d fdlh lrg ;k fn”kk dks minf”kZr djus ds iz;kstukFk Z yxk, x, fdlh fpUg gks gVkrk gS] og nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls] tks ø,d gtkj #i;s rd gks ldsxk ;k dkjkokl ls] tks N% ekl dh vof/k ds fy, gks ldsxk] ;k nksuks a ls n.Muh; gksxkAÀ1 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 133 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 296&297À v/;k; 9 fu;e] fofu;e vkSj mifof/k 296&& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj /kkjk 95] 127] 153 vkSj 235 es a of.kZr fo’k;kas d s lEcU/k es a fu;e cukus dks jkT; bl vf/kfu;e ls lqlaxr fu;e cuk ldsxhA ljdkj dh “kfDr vkSj ck/;rk ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj fuEufyf[kr ds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e ls lqlaxr fu;e cuk ldsxh && ¼d½ fdlh ,sls fo’k; dh O;oLFkk djuk] ftlds fy, jkT; ljdkj dks bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds le; ij izo`Ÿk fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr }kjk micU/k cukus dh “kfDr Li’V :Ik ls ;k foof{kr :Ik ls iznŸk dh xbZ gks( ¼[k½ uxjikfydk ds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e vFkok fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ds micU/kks a ds dk;kUZ o;u ls lEcfU/kr fdlh fo’k; es a lkekU;r;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 ;k fdlh ljdkjh vf/kdkjh dk ekxZ n”kZu djuk( ¼x½ øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds fy, ekLVj Iyku rS;kj djus vkSj mlds fu’iknu ds lEcU/k es a øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 dks ijke”kZ nsus ds fy, rnFkZ lfefr fu;qDr djuk( vkSj ¼?k½ lkoZtfud lM+dks]a fuokl {ks=ks]a vkokfld vkSj vukofld {ks=ks a ds vfHkU;kl d s fy, O;oLFkk djukA 297&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk fuEufyf[kr lHkh ;k fdlh Hkh fo’k; izfdz;k vkfn ds fy, ds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk /kkjk 296 ds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh fofu;e cukus dh “kfDr fu;e ;k mi/kkjk ¼2½ d s v/khu cuk, x, fofu;e ls lqlaxr fofu;e cuk ldsxh & ¼d½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh cSBdks a dk le; vkSj LFkku( ¼[k½ cSBd cqykus vkSj mldks uksfVl nsus dh jhfr( ¼x½ cSBd dh dk;oZ kgh ¼ftles a lnL;ks a }kjk iz”u iwNk tkuk Hkh lfEefyr gS½ dk lapkyu vkSj cSBd LFkfxr djuk( ¼?k½ fdlh Hkh iz;kstu ds fy, ,slh lfefr;ka cukuk] tks dsoy ijke”kZ lfefr ls fHkUu gks vkSj ,slh lfefr;ks a ds xBu vkSj izfdz;k ls lEc) leLr fo’k;kas dk vo/kkj.k( ¼³½ vuqlwph nks d s LrEHk rhu es a iznf”kZr fdlh izfof’V dk ifjotZu( ¼p½ /kkjk 77 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds funs”Z k es a deZpkjh oxZ ds fo’k; es a izkIr “kfDr ds izfr&funs”Z k es a /kkjk 74] 75 ;k 76 es a fofufnZ’V vf/kdre ;k U;uw re ekfld osru es a o`f) djuk( ¼N½ fuEufyf[kr dks “kfDr;ks]a drZO;ks a ;k d`R;ksa dk izR;k;kts u& ¼,d½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds v/;{k( ¼nks½ [k.M ¼?k½ ds v/khu xfBr lfefr( ¼rhu½ ,slh lfefr ds lHkkifr( ¼pkj½ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh( ;k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 153 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 134 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298À ¼ikap½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fdlh vU; los d( ¼N%½ ljdkj dh lsok es]a dksbZ ,slk O;fDr] tks flfoy ltZu] fpfdRlky; ;k vkS’k/kky; dk izHkkjh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh] LokLF; vf/kdkjh] fo|ky; mifujh{kd ;k fo|ky; voj mi fujh{kd ds :Ik es a fu;ksftr gks( ¼t½ vuqifLFkr O;fDr ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fu;ksftr lsodksa dks vU; HkŸks( ¼>½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds ,sls lsod }kjk ftlls izfrHkwfr dh vis{kk djuk lehphu le>k tk;]s izLrqr dh tkus okyh izfrHkwfr dh /kujkf”k vkSj mldk izHkkj( ¼¥½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lsodksa dks NqV~Vh Lohdr` djuk vkSj ,sls O;fDr;ks a dks] tks ikbZ xbZ gks] tks muds NqV~Vh ij jgus dh vof/k es a muds fufeŸk dk;Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr fd, tk;s]a fn;k tkus okyk ikfjJfed( ¼V½ lsok dh “krsa]Z ftles a øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds leLr lsodksa dh lsok dh vof/k lfEefyr gS vkSj ,slh “krsa Z ftuds v/khu ,sls lsod ;k mues a ls dksbZ lsod ds lsokfuo`Ÿk gksus ij ;k vius drZO; ikyu djrs gq, fu;ksXZ ; gks tkus ij minku ;k vuqdEik HkŸkk izkIr djsxk vkSj ,sls minku vkSj vuqdEIkk HkŸkk dh /kujkf”k vkSj ,slh “krsa]Z ftuds v/khu dksbZ minku ;k vuqdEIkk HkŸkk fdlh lsod ds] ftldh e`R;q viuk drZO; ikyu djrs gq, gqbZ gks] mŸkjthoh lEcU/kh dks fn;k tk ldsxk( ¼B½ ml lsod }kjk isU”ku ;k Hkfo’; fuf/k] es a tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds vuqeksnu ls LFkkfir dh xbZ gks] ,slh njks a vkSj ,slh “krksaZ ds v/khu] tks ,sls fofu;e es a fofgr dh tk;s] vfHknk; dk Hkqxrku djuk( ¼M½ ,slh “krsa]Z ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks ns; fdlh jde dks olwy u gks ldus ;k cV~Vs [kkrs es a Mkyk tk ldrk gS vkSj ,slh “krsZa a ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, djLFke ds fy, izHkk;Z lEiw.kZ Qhl ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dh NwV nh tk ldsxh( ¼<½ ,sls lHkh fo’k;] tks [k.M ¼³½ ls [k.M ¼V½ rd es a fn, x, fo’k;kas ds le:Ik gks vkSj ftuds fy, bl mi/kkjk es a vU;Fkk micU/k ugha fd;k x;k gS( vkSj ¼.k½ ,sls lHkh fo’k;] tks [k.M ¼d½ ls [k.M ¼?k½ rd es a fn, x, fo’k;ks a ds le:Ik gks vkSj ftuds fy, bl mi/kkjk es a vU;Fkk micU/k ugha fd;k x;k gSA ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd jkT; ljdkj] ;fn og mfpr le>s] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼?k½ vkSj [k.M ¼t½ ls [k.M ¼<½ rd es a fofufnZ’V fdlh Hkh fo’k; ds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e ls lqlaxr fofu;e cuk ldsxh vkSj bl izdkj cuk, x, dksbZ Hkh fofu;e mDr mi/kkjk ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk mlh fo’k; ds lEcU/k es a ;k mlls vlaxr cuk, x, fdlh fofu;e dks fo[kafMr djus d s fy, izHkkoh gksxkA 298&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 fo”ks’k ladYi }kjk vkSj tgka jkT; ljdkj }kjk vis{kk uxjikfydk dh mifof/k dh tk;] øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ds fuokfl;ks a ds LokLF;] lqj{kk vkSj lqfo/kk dh vfHko`f) ;k cukus dh “kfDr muds vuqj{k.k ds iz;kstukFkZ vkSj bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 iz”kklu dks vxzlj djus ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fdlh fu;e ls lqlaxr ,slh mifof/k cuk;xs k] tks lEiw.kZ øuxjikfydk {ks=À2 ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ij ykxw gkasxsA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 154 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 135 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298& lwph IÀ ¼2½ fo”ks’kr% vkSj mi/kkjk ¼1½ }kjk iznŸk “kfDr dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] dksbZ øuxjikfydkÀ2 tgka dgha Hkh fLFkr gks] mDr “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds uhps lwph I es a of.kZr dksbZ mifof/k cuk ldsxh vkSj dksbZ øuxjikfydkÀ2 tks iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% fdlh ioZrh; Hkw&Hkkx es a fLFkr gks] mDr “kfDr dk iz;ksx djds uhps lwph II ea s of.kZr dksbZ mifof/k Hkh cuk ldsxhA Lkpw h & I fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds fy, mifof/k;ka ¼d½ Hkou ¼d½ /kkjk 178 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds izfr funs”Z k es]a leLr Hkouks a dks uksfVl dh vko”;drk dk foLrkj djuk( ¼[k½ /kkjk 178 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds [k.M ¼?k½ ds izfr funs”Z k es]a fdlh fof”k’V izdkj ds ifjorZu dks ^lkjoku ifjorZu* ?kksf’kr djuk( ¼x½ ,sls lwpuk vkSj ,sls js[kkad vo/kkfjr djuk] tks /kkjk 179 ds v/khu ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 dks izLrqr fd, tk;sxa s( ¼?k½ ;g fofgr djuk fd js[kkad vkSj fofuns”Z k øuxjikfydkÀ3 ls ;k øuxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk fofgr fdlh vfHkdj.k ls ,sls ekieku ds vuqlkj] tks bl fufeŸk fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;] Qhl dk Hkqxrku djus ij izkIr fd, tk;asxs( ¼³½ /kkjk 181 ds izfr funs”Z k es a ,slh vof/k fu/kkZfjr djuk tc rd ds fy, Lohdf`r izo`Ÿk jgsxk( ¼p½ fdlh fofgr {ks= ;k {ks=ks a ea s tks Hkou cuk, tk; a ;k u cuk, tk; a vkSj fdlh iz;kstu ds fy, cuk, tk; a ;k u cuk, tk;]a mu Hkouks a dk izdkj ;k o.kZ fofgr djuk( ¼N½ ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ks a fofgr djuk] ftues a dksbZ efLtn] fxjtk?kj ;k vU; ifo= Hko fufeZr] iqufuZfeZr ;k ifjofrZr fd;k tk ldsxk ;k ugha fd;k tk ldsxk( ¼t½ Hkouks a ;k fdlh oxZ ds Hkouks a ds fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k ;k ifjorZu ds izfr funs”Z k es a fuEufyf[kr lHkh ;k dksbZ Hkh fo’k; fofgr djuk %& ¼,d½ ckgjh rFkk chp dh nhokyks]a Nrks a vkSj Q”kZ ds fy, iz;qDr dh tkus okyh lkexzh vkSj muds fuekZ.k dh jhfr( ¼nks½ vaxhfB;ks]a fpefu;ks]a ukfy;ks]a “kkSpky;ks]a laMklkas] ew=ky;ks a vkSj eydwi dh fLFkfr] muds fy, lkexzh vkSj muds fuekZ.k dh jhfr( ¼rhu½ ,slh lcls Åij eafty ds] ftles a euq’; jgsxa s ;k Hkkstu cukus dk dk; Z fd;k tk,xk] Åij dh Nr dh ÅapkbZ vkSj mldh <yku( ¼pkj½ laokru vkSj ,slk LFkku] tks ok; q ds fuckZ/k lapkj dks lqfuf”pr djus] laektuZ dk; Z dks lqudj cukus vkSj vkx yxus dh jksdFkke ds fy, Hkou ds pkjks a vksj NksM+k tk;xs k( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 136 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298&lwph IÀ ¼ikap½ uhao dk ry vkSj mldh pkSM+kbZ] lcls uhps dh eafty dk ry vkSj lapuk dh fLFkjrk( ¼N%½ eaftyksa dh] tks fd ,sls Hkou es a gks ldrh gS] la[;k vkSj ÅapkbZ( ¼lkr½ vkx yxus ij Hkou ds ckgj fudyus ds fy, fd, tkus okys lk/ku( ¼vkB½ dksbZ vU; fo’k;] ftlls Hkou ds l;kru ;k LoPNrk ij izHkko iM+rk gks( vkSj ¼ukS½ ,slh “krsa]Z ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, fdlh dqa, ds fuekZ.k ;k ifjorZu ds fy, Lohdr` nh tk ldrh gS ;k Lohdf`r nsus ls bl n`f’V ls badkj fd;k tk ldrk gS fd ty iznw’k.k dks vkSj dq,a dk mi;ksx djus okys fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks [krjs ls cpk;k tk lds( ¼>½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lhek ds Hkhrj fdlh fLFkr fdlh Hkwfe ij fdlh ?ksjk] nhoky] ckM+k] rECkw lk;oku ;k vU; lajpuk ds fuekZ.k dk pkgs og fdlh Hkh fdLr ;k izdkj dk gks] ,slh jhfr ls fofu;eu djuk] ftldk bl vf/kfu;e es a fof”k’V :Ik ls micU/k u fd;k x;k gksA ¼[k½ ukfy;ka] laMkl] eydwi vkfn ¼d½ ukfy;ks]a la?kkru “kk¶V vkSj ikbZi] ukcnku] laMkl] “kkSpky;] ew=ky;] eydwi vkSj vU; ty&fuLrkj.k fuekZ.k dk;ksa Z ds fuekZ.k] ifjorZu vuqj{k.k] ifjj{k.k] mudh lQkbZ vkSj ejEer dk fofu;e ,slh jhfr ls djuk] ftldk bl vf/kfu;e es a fof”k’V :Ik ls izcU/k fd;k x;k gks( ¼[k½ xUnh ikuh] eyew=] iznwf’kr ty rFkk vU; larkidkjh ;k ck/kd inkFkksa Z dks ukfy;ks a es a fxjus ;k tek djus dk fofu;eu ;k izfr’ks/k( ¼x½ /kkjk 192] 267 vkSj 268 ds v/khu ftu fuekZ.k dk;kZas dk fuekZ.k djus dh Lokfe;ks a ;k v/;kfl;ks a ls vis{kk dh tk;]s mu fuekZ.k dk;kZas ds vkdkj vkSj izdkj dks vkSj ,sls fuekZ.k dk;ksZa ds fu’iknu ds fy,] ftl vfHkdj.k dks fu;kstu fd;k tk;xs k ;k fd;k tk ldsxk] ml vfHkdj.k dks fofgr djukA ¼x½ vfXu&”keu ¼d½ ,slk vf/kdkjh] ftldks vkSj ,slk LFkku] tgka vkx yxus dh fjiksVZ dh tk;xs h] fofgr djuk( vkSj ¼[k½ vkx yxus ds volj ij turk }kjk viukbZ tkus okyh izfdz;k vkSj iwokZsik;ks a ds fy, vkx yxus ls lEcfU/kr fdlh ,sls vU; ckr ds fy,] ftlds lEcU/k es a micU/k djuk vko”;d gks] lkekU;r;k micU/k djukA ¼?k½ laektZu ¼d½ le; vkSj ,slk LFkku fofgr djuk] tgka xyht] dwMk&djdV ;k vU; larkidkjh inkFkZ ds ik= øuxjikfydkÀ2 laektuZ vfHkdj.k }kjk mudh vUroZLrqvks a dks gVkus d s fy, rS;kj j[k s tk;asxs( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 137 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298& lwph IÀ ¼dd½ :f<+xr lQkbZdkjks a }kjk x`g laektZu ds dk; Z dks vkSj muds ykblsla nsus dh O;oLFkk vkSj ,sls fdlh ykblsla dks “krksa Z dks fofu;fer djuk( vkSj ¼[k½ x`g laektuZ ls lEcfU/kr fdlh vU; fo’k; d s fy, micU/k djukA ¼³½ lM+dsa ¼d½ ,slh lwpuk vkSj js[kkad vo/kkfjr djuk] tks /kkjk 203 ds v/khu uxjikfydk dks izLrqr fd, tk;sxa s( ¼[k½ Qsjh yxkus okys fodzsrkvks a ;k fdlh Hkh O;fDr }kjk oLrqvks a dh fcdzh ds fy, ;k dksbZ vkthfodk djus ds fy, ;k dksbZ ¼cwFk½ ;k LVky yxkus ds fy, fdlh ;k lHkh lkoZtfud lM+dks a ;k LFkkuks a ds mi;ksx ;k v/;klu dh vuqefr nsuk] mldk izfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu djuk vkSj ,sls mi;ksx ;k v/;klu ds fy, Qhl ds mn~xzg.k dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼x½ ,slh “krksaZ dks fofu;fer djuk] ftuds vk/kkj ij /kkjk 209 ds v/khu lM+dks a vkSj ukfy;ks a ds Åij iz{ksi.k ds fy, vkSj /kkjk 265 ds v/khu lM+dks a ds vLFkkbZ v/;klu ds fy, vuqefr nh tk ldrh gSA ¼p½ cktkj] o/k”kkyk] Hkkstu dh fcdzh bR;kfn ¼d½ uxjikfydk }kjk fn, x, ykblsla ds O;frdze ea s ;k bl izdkj fn, x, ykblsla dh “krksaZ ls fHkUu izdkj ls fdlh LFkku dk o/k”kkyk ds :Ik es a ;k ekuo Hkkstu ds fy, vk”kf;r Ik”kq] vFkok ekal ;k eNyh dh fcdzh ds fy, fdlh cktkj ;k nqdku ds :Ik es a ;k Qy ;k lfCt;ks a dh fcdzh ds fy, fdlh cktkj ds :Ik es a mi;ksx djus dk /kkjk 241 ds micU/k ds v/khu jgrs gq,] izfr’ks/k djuk( ¼[k½ ,slh “krksaZ dks] ftuds v/khu vkSj ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ks a dks] ftues a vkSj ,sls {ks= ;k LFkyks a dks fofgr djuk] ftuds lEcU/k es a ,sls mi;ksx ds fy, ykblsla Lohdr` ] vLohd`r ;k fuyfEcr fd, tk ldrs gSa ;k okil fy, tk ldrs gSa( ¼x½ iwoksDZ r :Ik es a mi;ksx es a yk, x, fdlh LFkku dk fujh{k.k djus vkSj mlea s dkjckj ds lapkyu ds fofu;eu dh O;oLFkk djuk] ftlls mles a LoPNrk lqfuf”pr gks lds ;k fdlh ,sls gkfudj] larkidkjh ;k [krjukd izHkko dks] tks mlls mRiUu gks ;k ftlds mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk gks] de ls de fd;k tk lds( ¼?k½ cktkjks a vkSj o/k”kkykvks a v”o”kkykvks]a iM+ko] Hkwfe] ljk;] vkVs dh pfDd;ks a ukuckbZ ds rUnwj] ¼csdjh½ [kk| ;k is; ds fofufnZ’V inkFkksa Z dk fuekZ.k rS;kj djus ;k fcdzh ds ;k fcdzh ;k fdjk, ds fy, Ik”kqvks a dks ;k ,sls Ik”kqvks a dks] ftudk mRikn csp fn;k tkrk gS] j[kus ;k iznf”kZr djus ds LFkkuks a dks vkSj lkoZtfud euksjatu ;k lekxe ds LFkkuks a dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, vkSj flok; ml n”kk ds] tgka rd mi”kh’kZd ¼x½ ds v/khu mifof/k }kjk micU/k fd;k tk;]s muds fofu;e vkSj fujh{k.k ds fy, vkSj mues a leqfpr vkSj LoPNrk ls dkjckj dk lapkyu djus d s fy, O;oLFkk djuk( ø¼?k?k½ ,slh “krksaZ dks] ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, vkSj ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ks a dks] ftues a vkSj ,sls {ks=ks a ;k LFkyks a dks fofgr djuk] ftuds lEcU/k esa] mi”kh’kZd ¼?k½ ds iz;kstuks a ds fy, ykblsla Lohdr` ] vLohd`r] fuyfEcr fd, tk ldrs gSa ;k okil fy, tk ldrs gSa vkSj ,sls ykblsalks a ds fy, ns; Qhl fu/kkZfjr djuk vkSj uxjikfydk }kjk fn, x, ykblsla ds O;frdze es a ;k bl izdkj fn, x, ykblsla dh “krksa Z ls fHkUu izdkj ls] mi”kh’kZd ¼?k½ es a mfYyf[kr dkjckj ds LFkkuks a dks LFkfxr djus dk izfr’ks/k djuk(À1 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 7 o’kZ 1949 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 138 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298& lwph IÀ ¼³½ ,slh øuxjikfydk {ks=À3 es]a tgka øuxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk ;qfDr;qDr la[;k es a o/k”kkykvks a dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gks ;k muds fy, ykblsla fn, x, gks]a ¿uxjikfydk {ks= dh lhekÀ1 ds Hkhrj ml o/k”kkyk ;k LFkku es]a ftldk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vuqj{k.k u fd;k tkrk gks ;k ftlds fy, ykblsal u fn;k x;k gks] o/k fd, x, fdlh Ik”kq] HksM+] cdjs ;k lqvj dk ekal ¼lq[kk, x, ifjjf{kr ekal dks NksM+dj½ fcdzh ds fy, ykus dk s fu;af=rd vkSj fofu;fer djukA ¼N½ larkidkjh O;kikj ¼d½ flok; ml n”kk ds] tgka bf.M;u iSVªksfy;e ,sDV] 1899 vf/kfu;e la[;k 8 lu~ 1899 es a ;k rn~/khu cuk;k x;k fu;ekoyh es a dksbZ ckr nh xbZ gks vkSj tgka rd og mles a nh gqbZ fdlh ckr ls vlaxr gks] øuxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk Lohdr` ykblsla ds O;frdze es a ;k bl izdkj Lohdr` ykblsla dh “krksa Z ls fHkUu izdkj ls fdlh LFkku dk fuEufyf[kr fdlh QSDVªh ;k dkjckj ds vU; LFkku ds :Ik es a mi;ksx djus dk izfr’ks/k djuk && ¼,d½ NhNM+ksa jDr] gfM~M;ks]a varfM+;ks a ;k phFkM+ksa dks mckyuk ;k laxzg djuk( ¼nks½ [kky] lhax ;k peM+ s dk laxzg( ¼rhu½ peZ”kks/ku( ¼pkj½ peM+ s ;k peM+ s ds lkeku dk fuekZ.k( ¼ikap½ jaxkbZ ¼N%½ pchZ ;k xa/kd xykuk( ¼lkr½ bZV] [kijSy] feV~Vh ds crZu ;k pwuk xykuk ;k idkuk( ¼vkB½ lkcqu cukuk( ¼ukS½ rsy mckyuk( ¼nl½ lw[kh ?kkl] Hkwlk] NIij Nkus dh ?kkl] ydM+h] dks;yk ;k vU; [krjukd Toyu”khy lkexzh laxzg djuk( ¼X;kjg½ iSVªksfy;e ;k dksbZ Toyu”khy rsy ;k fLizV laxzg djuk( ¼ckjg½ :bZ ;k :bZ dk dpjk laxzg djuk ;k nckuk( ¼rsjg½ dksbZ ,slk vU; iz;kstu] ;fn bl izdkj mi;ksx djus ls yksd vinw’k.k mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk gks ;k vkx yxus dk tksf[ke gks( ¼[k½ ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ks a dks] ftuessa vkSj ,sls {ks=ks a ;k LFkyks a dks] ftuds lEcU/k es a ykblsla Lohdr` ] vLohd`r ;k fuyfEcr fd, tk ldrs gSa ;k okil fy, tk ldrs gSa] fofgr djuk ¼fdUrq bl izdkj ugha fd mlls /kkjk 245 }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks iznŸk fdlh “kfDr dk vYihdj.k ¼[k½ gks tk;s½ ( vkSj ¼x½ iwoksDZ r :Ik ls mi;ksx es a yk, x, fdlh LFkku es a dkjckj ds lapkyd ds fujh{k.k vkSj fofu;eu dh O;oLFkk djuk] ftlls mles a LoPNrk izrhd gks lds ;k fdlh ,sls gkfudj larkidkjh ;k [krjukd izHkko dks] tks mlls mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk gks] de ls de fd;k tk ldsA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 154¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 139 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298&lwph IÀ ¼t½ ykds lqj{kk vkSj lqfo/kk ¼d½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds Hkhrj mi;ksx es a yk, tkus okys ekud ckV vkSj eki fofgr djuk vkSj muds fujh{k.k dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼[k½ lM+dks a es a fdlh izdkj ds ;krk;kr ds fofu;eu vkSj izfr’ks/k dh O;oLFkk djuk] tgka ,slk fofu;eu ;k izfr’ks/k djuk øuxjikfydkÀ3 dks vko”;d izrhr gks( ¼x½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 dh lhek ds Hkhr fdjk, ds fy, j[kh xbZ ;k fdjk, ij pyus okyh xkfM+;ks a ¼eksVjxkfM+;ksa ls fHkUu½ ukoks a ;k Ik”kqvks a ds Lokfe;ks a ;k pkydks a ij ;k ,sls O;fDr;ks a ij] tks cks>k <ksus ds iz;kstukFkZ Lo;a etnwjh djs]a ykblsla yus s dh ck/;rk vf/kjksfir djuk vkSj ,sls ykblsla ks a ds fy, ns; Qhl vkSj “krsa Z fu/kkZfjr djuk] ftu ij ,sls ykblsla Lohdr` fd, tk;asxs vkSj izfrlag``r fd, tk ldsxa s( ¼?k½ ,slh njks a dk] ftudh fdlh okgu] Bsyk uko ;k vU; lokjh ds fdjk, ds fy, ;k cks>k <ksus ds fy, fdjk, ij fy, x, Ik”kvq ks a ds fy, ;k cks>k <ksus ds fy, j[k s x, O;fDr;ks a dh lsokvks a ds fy, ekax dh tk; s vkSj ,sls cks> dk ifjlheu djuk] tks bu lokfj;ks a Ik”kqvks a ;k O;fDr;ksa }kjk <ks;k tk;]s tc mUgsa øuxjikfydkÀ3 dh lhek ds Hkhrj pkSchl ?kaVs ls vuf/kd dh vof/k ds fy, ;k ,slh lsok ds fy,] ftldk lEiknu lk/kkj.kr;k pkSchl ?kaVs d s Hkhrj gks tk;]s fdjk, ij j[kk tk;(s ¼³½ fdlh fofufnZ’V lM+d ;k {ks= es a yksd os”;kvksa ds jgus vkSj os”;kx`g pykus ;k fdlh x`g ;k Hkou dks yksd oS”;kvks a dks ;k oS”;kx`g ds fy, fdjk, ij nsus ;k vU; izdkj ls mldk fuLrkj.k djus dk izfr’ks/k djuk( ¼p½ fcy vkSj foKkiu fpidk, tkus dk fofu;eu( ¼N½ ,sls LFkku] tgka ukos a cka/kh tk ldaxs h] mu ij eky yknk ;k muls eky mrkjk tk ldsxk] fuf”pr djuk vkSj muds mi;ksx dks fofu;fer djuk vkSj ,sls LFkkuks a ds flok;] tks uxjikfydk }kjk fofgr fd, tk;as] vU;

LFkku ij uko cka/kus] mu ij eky yknus vkSj muls eky mrkjus dk izfr’ks/k djuk( ¼t½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 dh lhek ds Hkhrj NqV~Vk Lokehghu Ik”kqvks a ds vf/kxzg.k vkSj vf/kgj.k dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼>½ øi”kqvks a ds jftLVªhdj.k dh O;oLFkk djuk(À1 ¼¥½ ,sls jftLVªhdj.k ds fy, okf’kZd Qhl vf/kjksfir djus dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼V½ ;s vis{kk djuk fd izR;sd jftLVªhdr` øi”kÀq 1 iV~Vk igusxk] ftues a øuxjikfydkÀ4 }kjk fn;k x;k izrhd yxk jgsxk( ¼B½ ;g O;oLFkk djuk fd ødksbZ Ik”kqÀ1 tc rd fd og jftLVªhdr` u gks vkSj ,slk izrhd u igus gks] ;fn fdlh yksd LFkku es a ik;k tk; s rks mls u’V dj fn;k tk;xs k ;k mldk vU;Fkk fuLrkj.k dj fn;k tk;xs k( 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 140 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298& lwph IÀ ¼M½ yksd lqj{kk ;k lqfo/kk dh vfHko`f) dh n`f’V ls fdlh ,sls dk; Z dk izzfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu djuk] ftles a yksd U;lw sUl mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk gks vkSj ftlds izfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu ds fy, bl “kh’kZd ds v/khu dksbZ micU/k u fd;k x;k gks( ¼<½ Ik”kvq ks a dks ifj:) djus] gVkus ;k u’V djus dh O;oLFkk djuk( ø¼.k½ eosf”k;kas dks ikyus vkSj cka/k dj j[kus dk s fofu;fer djukAÀ1 ¼>½ LoPNrk vkSj jkxs fuokj.k ¼d½ lkoZtfud LoLF; ds fy, [krjs ds fuokj.k ds iz;kstukFkZ ?kksM+ksa] ÅaVks]a eosf”k;kas] lqvjks]a x/kks]a HksM+ksa ;k cdfj;ks a dks Fkku es a cka/kus ;k mUg s >q.M es a j[kus dk fofu;eu ;k izfr’ks/k djuk( ¼[k½ Xokyks a ;k nw/k&fodzsrkvks a ds :Ik es a O;kikj djus okys O;fDr;ks a ds v/;klu es a fLFkr nqX/k”kkykvks a vkSj Ik”kq&”kkykvks a ds fuekZ.k] mudh yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ] mue sa laokru] jks”kuh] lQkbZ] ty&fuLlkj.k vkSj ty&laHkj.k dks fofgr vkSj fofu;fer djuk vkSj nq/kkj Ik”kqvks a ds fujh{k.k dh O;oLFkk djuk rFkk nw/k ds Hk.Mkjks]a nw/k dh nqdkuks a vkSj Xokyks a ;k eD[ku fodzsrkvks a }kjk nw/k ;k eD[ku j[kus ds fy, iz;qDr fd, tkus okys ik=ks a dh LoPNrk dks lqfuf”pr djuk( ¼x½ dfczLrku ;k “ke”kku Hkwfe ds mi;ksx vkSj izcU/k dks fu;af=r vkSj fofu;fer djuk vkSj tgka ,slh Hkwfe dh O;oLFkk uxjikfydk }kjk dh xbZ gks rks ;gka mlds fy, yh tkus okyh Qhl fuf”pr djuk vkSj “ko dks dfczLrku ;k “e”kku Hkwfe ij y s tkus d s fy, ekxZ fofgr ;k izfrf’k) djuk( ¼?k½ LoPNrk vkSj lQkbZ fofu;fer djuk( ¼³½ ;g ?kksf’kr djuk fd fdlh LFkku dk] tc rd fd mlds fo”ks’k :Ik ls NwV u nh xbZ gks] vkokl x`g ds :Ik es a rc rd mi;ksx ugha fd;k tk;xs k tc rd fd ¿uxjikfydkÀ3 }kjk mls ml :Ik es a mi;ksx djus dk lE;d~ :Ik ls ykblsla u fn;k x;k gks vkSj ,slh “krsa Z fofgr djuk] ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, ,sls ykblsla Lohdr` ] vLohdr` ] fuyfEcr fd, tk ldaxs s ;k okil fy, tk ldsxa s vkSj ,sls ykblsla ks a ds fy, ns; Qhl fuf”pr djuk( ¼p½ iwoZorhZ mi”kh’kZd ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fdlh mifof/k ds O;frdze es a vkokl&x`gks a dk jftLVªhdj.k rFkk fujh{k.k djus] vR;f/kd HkhM+&HkkM+ ds fuokj.k] mues a lQkbZ vkSj laokru es a lq/kkj fy, vkSj mues a fdlh ladzked ;k laklfxZd jksx ds QSyus dh fLFkfr es a fn, tkus okyh uksfVl vkSj cjrh tkus okyh lko/kkuh dks fofgr djus vkSj lkekU; vkokl x`gks a ds mfpr fofu;eu ds fy, O;oLFkk djuk( ¼N½ fofufnZ’V {ks=ks a ds fy,] flok; øuxjikfydkÀ3 dh vuqKk ds mYya?ku djus] eydwi] Vafd;ka ;k xM~<s a cukus dk izfr’ks/k djuk vkSj ,slh “krZa fofufnZ’V djuk] ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, ,slh vuqKk nh tk;s( ¼t½ LoPNrk ;k jksx fuokj.k dh n`f’V ls fdlh ,sls dk; Z dk izfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu djuk] ftlls yksd U;lw als mRiUu gks ;k mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk gks vkSj ftlds izfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu ds fy, bl “kh’kZd ds v/khu dksbZ micU/k u fd;k x;k gksA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 141 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298& lwph IÀ ¼¥½ idz h.kZ ¼d½ fdlh ,sls dk; Z dk izfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu djuk] ftlls yksd vinw’k.k mRiUu gks ;k mRiUu gksus dh lEHkkouk gks vkSj ftlds izfr’ks/k ;k fofu;eu ds fy, bl vf/kfu;e }kjk ;k blds v/khu dksbZ micU/k u fd;k x;k gks( ¼[k½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds Hkhrj tUe] e`R;q rFkk fookg dk jftLVªhdj.k vkSj tux.kuk djkus vkSj ,slh lwpuk] tks ,sls jftLVªhdj.k ;k tux.kuk dks izHkkodkjh cukus d s fy, vko”;d gks] vfuok; Z :Ik ls nsus dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼x½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds Hkhrj fdlh ,slh oLrq dks] tks ljdkj dh ;k øuxjikfydkÀ3 dh lEifŸk gks ;k øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds fu;a=.k es a gks] {kfr igqapkus ;k mles a gLr{ksi djus ea s laj{k.k ds fy,( ¼?k½ bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 196 ¼x½ ds v/khu x`g&lEektZu ;k “kkSpky;ksa vkSj laMklkas dh lQkbZ ds fy, ;k fdlh vU; øuxjikfydkÀ3 lsok ;k midze ds fy, fn, tkus okys /kkjk 293 ¼1½ ;k /kkjk 294 ds v/khu fn, tkus okys fdlh izHkkj ;k Qhl dks ;k izHkkj ;k Qhl ds fdlh ekieku dks fu;r djuk vkSj ,slk le; fofgr djuk] tc ,slk izHkkj ;k Qhl ns; gksxh vkSj mlds Hkqxrku dks izkIr djus ds fy, izkf/kdr` O;fDr;ks a dks inkfHkfgr djuk( ¼³½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds Hkhrj vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds fu;a=.k es a esys vkSj vkS|ksfxd izn”kZfu;ka vk;ksftr djus dh O;oLFkk djuk vkSj mues a mn~xzg.kh; Qhl fu;r djuk( ¼p½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 es a fLFkr Hkouks a ;k Hkwfe ds Lokfe;ks a }kjk ,sls O;fDRk;ks a dks] tks øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds Hkhrj ;k mlls fudV fuokl djrs gks a bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds lHkh ;k fdlh Hkh iz;kstu ds fy, vius vfHkdrkZ ds :Ik ea s fu;qDr djus dh vis{kk djuk vkSj ,slh fu;qfDr dks fofu;fer djuk( ¼N½ øuxjikfydkÀ3 ds ;k mlds dCts esa ,sls vfHkys[k vkSj nLrkost fofufnZ’V djuk] ftudk fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxk ;k ftudh izfr;ka nh tk ldsxh vkSj ,sls izHkkj fofufnZ’V djuk] tks mDr vfHkys[kks a vkSj nLrkostks a dk fujh{k.k djus ;k mudh izfr;ka fn, tkus ds fy, mn~xzg.kh; gksxa s vkSj fujh{k.k djus vkSj izfr;ka fn, tkus dk s fofu;fer djuk( ¼t½ vkS’k/kh; HkS’ktksa dh fcdzh vkSj vkS’kf/k rS;kj djus ds fy, ykblsla nsus dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼>½ ,slh /kkf=;ks a vkSj nkb;ks a ds] tks lkoZtfud :Ik ls viuk O;olk; djrh gks] jftLVªhdj.k vkSj mu ij fu;a=.k j[kus dh O;oLFkkk djuk( ¼¥½ ø***À1 ¼V½ izlwfr dsUnz rFkk f”k”kq dY;k.k Dyhfud LFkkfir djus vkSj mlds vuqj{k.k dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼B½ “kkjhfjd lEo/kZu vkSj nqX/k laHkj.k laLFkk,a LFkkfir djus muds vuqj{k.k vkSj mUgas lgk;d vuqnku nsus dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼M½ jsfM;ks laxzkgh LVs”kuks a dk vf/k’Bku vkSj muds vuqj{k.k dh O;oLFkk djuk( 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 142 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 298& lwph IIÀ ¼<½ f”k”k q lnu vkSj efgyk m)kj&x`g LFkkfir djus vkSj muds vuqj{k.k dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼.k½ vuqlwfpr tkfr;ks a vkSj fiNM+ s oxksaZ dh lkekftd fu;ksXZ ;rkvks a dks nwj djus dh O;oLFkk djuk( ¼r½ fHk{kk&o`fŸk ij fu;a=.k j[kus d s fy, dk; Z djuk( ¼Fk½ fdlh fofufnZ’V {ks= ls nwljs fofufnZ’V es a os”;kvks a dks gVkus ds fy, dk;oZ kgh djuk( ø¼n½ feV~Vh ds crZu cukus ds O;oLkk; es a ijEijkxr :Ik ls tqM+ s gq, O;fDRk;kas dh Hkwfe ds vkoaVu ds fy, O;oLFkk vkSj jhfrA Li’Vhdj.k&& fdlh O;fDRk dks ,sls O;olk; es a ijEijkxr :Ik ls tqM+k gqvk le>k tk;sxk] ;fn og O;fDRk;kas ds ,sls oxZ dk gks] tSlk fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl :Ik es a vf/klfwpr fd;k tk;As À3 lwph & II ioZrh; øuxjikfydkÀ4 ds fy, vxzsŸkj mifof/k;ka ¼t½ ykds lqj{kk vkSj lqfo/kk ¼<½ o`{kks a ;k >kfM+;ks a dks dkVus ;k u’V djus ;k mR[kuu djus ;k feV~Vh gVkus ;k [knku dk; Z dk fofu;eu ;k izfr’ks/k djuk vkSj Hkouks a vkSj vgkrks a es a ifjorZu] ejEer vkSj muds leqfpr vuqjj{k.k dh] ekxksaZ vkSj miekxksa Z dks cUn djus dh vkSj fxfj ik”oZ dh lrgh Hkwfe ds lkekU; laj{k.k ds vuqj{k.k] Hkwfe ds ifjj{k.k] Hkw&L[kyu ;k [kM~Ms fuekZ.k ;k izp.M /kkjk dks jksdus] Hkwfe dks dVko ls cpkus ;k ml ij jsr dadM+ ;k iRFkjks a ds tek gksus ls jksdus ds fy, ,slh mifof/k vko”;d gS( ¼.k½ fdlh Hkou dh mlds vU; Hkouks a ls layXu gksus ls lcls Åij dh eafty es a bl dkj.k vkx tykus dk izfr’ks/k djuk fd mles a yxkus dh n”kk ea s mDr vU; Hkouks a ds fy, [krjk gks ldrk gS vkSj ftl eafty dh nhokjks a dh ÅapkbZ lkr QqV ls vf/kd u gks ;k ySEi ;k eksecfŸk;ks a ds fy, LVS.M bl izdkj j[kus dk izfr’ks/k djuk] tks øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh jk; es a yksd lqj{kk ds fy, [krjukd gks( ¼r½ ekxZ ds fu;e dks fofu;fer djuk( ¼Fk½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds Hkhrj ¼,d½ eky <ksus d s fy, dqfy;ks a dk dk; Z djus okys O;fDr;ks a ds fy,( ¼nks½ ,d fnu ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds fy, fdjk, ij pyus okys Ik”kqvks]a xkfM+;ks a vkSj vU; okguks a ds fy,( vkSj ¼rhu½ ,sls O;fDr;ks ds fy,] tks ,slh xkfM+;ks a ;k vU; okguks a dks [khaprs gks ;k pykrs gks]a ykblsla yus k vko”;d cukuk( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½ ¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼x½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 143 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 299&301À ¼n½ ,slh “krZs a fofgr djuk] ftuds v/khu jgrs gq, ,sls ykblsla Lohd`r] vLohdr` ] fuyfEcr fd, tk ldrs gSa ;k okil fy, tk ldrs gSa( ¼/k½ mi;qZDr dqfy;ks a dh lsokvks a ds fy, vkSj ,sls Ik”kqvks]a xkfM+;ks a ;k vU; okguks a ds fdjk;s ds fy, vkSj ,slh xkfM+;ks a ;k okguks a dks [khapus ;k pykus okys O;fDRk;kas d s ikfjJfed ds fy, fn, tkus okys izHkkj dks fofu;fer djukA ¼>½ LoPNrk vkSj jkxs &fuokj.k ¼>½ cktkj es a fdlh ifjokj dh v”o”kkyk ;k xkS”kkyk ds :Ik es a ;k HksM+] cdjh vkSj dqDdqV vkfn ds fy, LFkku ds :Ik es a mi;ksx djus ds fy, ykblsla yus k vko”;d cukuk( ¼¥½ edkukas vkSj fuokl LFkkuks a es a vR;f/kd HkhM+ dk fuokj.k djuk( vkSj ¼¥½ idz h.kZ ¼>½ øuxjikfydkÀ4 es a izos”k djus okys ;k ogka ls tkus okys O;fDRk;kas ds fy, lkekU;r;k ;k fof”k’V ekl es a jftLVªhdj.k dh O;oLFkk djukA 299&& ¼1½ dksbZ fu;e cukus es a jkT; ljdkj vkSj mifof/k cukus es a øuxjikfydkÀ2 fu;eka s vkSj mifof/k;ks a dk jkT; ljdkj dh Lohdf`r ls funs”Z k ns ldsxh fd mDr fu;e ;k mifof/k dk Hkax fd;k vfrya?ku tkuk] tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks ø,d gtkj #i;sÀ1 rd gks ldsxk vkSj tc ,slk Hkax fujUrj fd;k tk; s rks vxzsŸkj tqekZuk fd;k tk ldsxk] tks izFke nks’kflf) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/kh dk vijk/k djrs jguk fl) gks] øiPphl #i;sÀ1 rd gks ldsxkA ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 ,slh gh Lohdf`r ls fdlh ,sls fu;e dk] tks la;qDr izkUr E;qfuflikfyVht vf/kfu;e] 1873 ¼1877 dk vf/kfu;e la[;k 15½ ds v/khu fof/kiwoZd cuk;k x;k gks vkSj vc Hkh izo`Ÿk gks] Hkax djus ds fy, blh izzdkj “kkfLr fofgr dj ldsxhA 300&& ¼1½ bl v/;k; ds v/khu fu;e ;k fofu;e cukus dh jkT; ljdkj dh jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk, “kfDr ,sls fu;e rFkk fofu;e dk iwoZ izdk”ku ds Ik”pkr~ cuk, tkus vkSj ljdkjh xtV es a x, fu;eks a vkfn dk iwoZ izdk”ku muds izdkf”kr gksus rd izHkkfor u gksus dh “krZ ds v/khu gksxhA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk;k x;k dksbZ fu;e ;k fofu;e lHkh uxjikfydkvks a ds fy, ;k ,slh lHkh uxjikfydkvks a ds fy,] ftUgas muds izorZu ls Li’Vr% vyx u fd;k x;k gks] lkekU; gks ldrk gS ;k fdlh ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lEiw.kZ uxjikfydk ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds fy,] tSlk jkT; ljdkj funs”Z k ns] fo”ks’k gks ldrk gSA ¿301&& ¼1½ /kkjk 298 ds v/khu mifof/k;ka cukus dh uxjikfydk dh “kfDr ,slh fofu;eks a vkSj mifof/k;ks a mifof/k;kas d s iwoZ izdk”ku ds Ik”pkr~ cuk, tkus dh “krZ ds v/khu gksxhA dk izdkf”kr fd;k tkuk ¼2½ /kkjk 297 vkSj la;qDr izkUr izkjfEHkd f”k{kk vf/kfu;e] 1919 ds v/khu cuk, x, fofu;e vkSj /kkjk 298 ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ mifof/k;ka ljdkjh xtV es a izdkf”kr dh tk;sxhA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 49 ¼[k½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 144 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 301d&303À 301&d&& ¼1½ ;fn jkT; ljdkj dks fdlh Hkh le; ;g izrhr gks fd fdlh jkT; ljdkj mifof/k;ks a mifof/k dks iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% ifj’d`r ;k fujLr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rks og vius ,sls er ds dks ifj’d`r ;k fujLr dj ldsxh dkj.k uxjikfydk dks lwfpr djsxh vkSj ,d mi;qDr vof/k fofgr djsxh] ftlds Hkhrj mlds lEcU/k es a uxjikfydk dksbZ ,slk vH;kosnu dj ldsxh] ftls og mfpr le>sA ¼2½ ,sls fdlh vH;kosnu ds izkIr gksus vkSj ml ij fopkj djus ds Ik”pkr~ ;k ;fn ml le; ds Hkhrj dksbZ vH;kosnu izkIr u gqvk gks rks fofgr vof/k ds lekIr gksus ds Ik”pkr~ jkT; ljdkj “kkldh; xtV es a vf/klpw uk }kjk mDr mifof/k dks iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% ifj’d`r ;k fujLr dj ldsxhA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds v/khu fdlh mifof/k dk ifj’dkj ;k fujlu vf/klpw uk ds “kkldh; xtV es a izdkf”kr gksus d s fnukad ls izHkkoh gksxkAÀ3 v/;k; 10 izfdz;k uxjikfydk uksfVl 302&& tgka bl vf/kfu;e dh fdlh /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds vuqikyu ds fy, leqfpr v/khu tkjh fd, x, fdlh uksfVl es a dksbZ ,slk dk;Z fd, tkus dh vis{kk dh tk;s] ftlds le; fuf”pr djuk fy, ,slh /kkjk ;k fu;e ;k mifof/k es a dksbZ le; fuf”pr u fd;k x;k gks] ogka uksfVl es a ,slk dk; Z fd, tkus ds fy, leqfpr le; fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;xs k vkSj ;g vo/kkj.k djuk U;k;ky; ij fuHkZj djsxk fd bl izdkj fofufnZ’V fd;k x;k le; bl /kkjk ds vFkkZUrxZr leqfpr le; gS ;k ughaA 303&& ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dh fdlh /kkjk ds v/khu ;k fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds uksfVl dh rkehy v/khu tkjh ;k rS;kj fd;k x;k izR;sd uksfVl ;k fcy tc rd fd ,slh /kkjk ;k fu;e ;k mifof/k es a Li’V :Ik ls vU;Fkk micfU/kr u gks] fuEufyf[kr :Ik ea s rkehy ;k izLrqr fd;k tk;xs k & ¼d½ ,slh uksfVl ;k fcy dk ml O;fDr] ftls og lEcksf/kr gks] nsdj ;k izLrqr djds ;k mls Mkd }kjk Hkstdj( ;k ¼[k½ ;fn ,sls O;fDr dk irk u py s rks mDr uksfVl ;k fcy dks ml O;fDr ds vfUre Kkr okl&LFkku ij] ;fn og øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh lhek ds Hkhrj gks] NksM+dj ;k mDr uksfVl ;k fcy mlds ifjokj ds fdlh o;Ld iq:’k lnL; ;k lsod dks nsdj ;k izLrqr djds ;k mDr uksfVl ;k fcy ;k ml Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds ¼;fn dksbZ gks½] ftlls ml uksfVl ;k fcy dk lEcU/k gks] fdlh lgtn`”; Hkkx ij yxk djA ¼2½ tc bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k fdlh fu;e vFkok mifof/k ds v/khu dksbZ uksfVl bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds v/khu fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh ij rkehy djuk visf{kr gks ;k rkehy djus dh vuqKk nh xbZ gks rks mlds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dk uke nsuk vko”;d u gksxk vkSj mldh rkehy ,sls ekeyks a es]a ftlds fy, bl vf/kfu;e es a fo”ks’k :Ik ls vU;Fkk micfU/kr u gks] ;k rks && ¼d½ Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks ;k ;fn ,d ls vf/kd Lokeh ;k v/;klh gks rks mues a ls fdlh ,d dks uksfVl nsdj ;k izLrqr djds ;k mls Mkd }kjk Hkstdj( ;k 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 50 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 145 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 304&307À ¼[k½ ;fn fdlh ,sls Lokeh ;k v/;klh dk irk u py s rks mlds ifjokj ds fdlh o;Ld iq:’k lnL; ;k lsod dks uksfVl nsdj ;k izLrqr djds ;k ml Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds] ftlls mldk lEcU/k gks] fdlh lgtn`”; Hkkx ij uksfVl yxkdj dh tk;xs hA ¼3½ tc ,slk O;fDr] ftl ij uksfVl ;k fcy rkehy fd;k tkrk gS] vo;Ld gks rks mlds laj{kd ;k mlds ifjokj ds fdlh o;Ld Ikq:’k lnL; ;k lsod ij mldh rkehy djuk mDr vo;Ld ij rkehy djuk le>k tk;xs kA lkoZtfud uksfVl nsus dh 304&& bl vf/kfu;e ds ;k fdlh fu;e] fofu;e ;k mifof/k ds micU/kks a ds jhfr v/khu jgrs gq, ,sls izR;sd ekey s es a tgka uxjikfydk }kjk lkoZtfud uksfVl fn;k tkuk gks] ,slk uksfVl ns fn;k x;k le>k tk;sxk] ;fn og fdlh LFkkuh; vaxzsth ;k LFkkuh; Hkk’kk ds lekpkj i= es a ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ izdkf”kr fd;k tk; s ;k mls ,sls Hkou ds] ftles a lkekU;r;k øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh cSBds a gksrh gks] lwpuk iV~V ij lkoZtfud lwpuk ds fy, izn”kZukFkZ fpidk fn;k tk;sA 305&& dksbZ uksfVl ;k fcy vkdkj i= dh =qfV ds dkj.k vfof/kekU; ugha gkxs kA =qfViw.kZ vkdkj i= 306&& tgka bl vf/kfu;e ;k rn~/khu tkjh fd, x, fdlh uksfVl }kjk tu lk/kkj.k ij ykxw tulk/kkj.k ls dksbZ dk; Z djus ;k mlls fojr jgus dh vis{kk dh tk;s] ogka ,slk O;fDr fdlh lkoZtfud uksfVl ;k vf/kfu;e ds micU/k tks ,slh vis{kk dk vuqikyu djus ea s foQy jgrk gS] ;fn bl izdkj foQy jguk fdlh dh voKk vU; /kkjk ds v/khu n.Muh; vijk/k u gks] fdlh eftLVªsV }kjk nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij izR;sd ckj bl izdkj foQy jgus ds fy, ,d gtkj #i;s ls vuf/kd tqekZus ds vkSj fujUrj Hkax djus dh n”kk es a vxzsŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks’kfl) ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ ftles a vijk/kh }kjk fujUrj Hkax fd;k tkuk lkfcr gks] izR;sd fnu ds fy, øiPphl #i;sÀ1 rd gks ldsxkA 307&& ;fn fdlh O;fDr dks bl vf/kfu;e ;k fdlh fu;e ;k mifof/k ds fdlh O;fDr dks tkjh micU/kks a ds v/khu dksbZ uksfVl fn;k x;k gks] ftles a mlls uksfVl es a fofufnZ’V le; ds fd, x, uksfVl dh voKk Hkhrj fdlh lEifŸk ds lEcU/k es a pkgs og taxe ;k LFkkoj] lkoZtfud gks ;k futh dksbZ dk; Z fu’ikfnr djus ;k fdlh dk; Z dh O;oLFkk djus ;k mls djus ls fojr jgus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gks vkSj ;fn ,slk O;fDr ml uksfVl ;k vuqikyu djus es a foQy jgrk gS rks && ¼d½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 ,sls dk; Z dks fu’ikfnr djok ldsxh ;k ,slh ckr dh O;oLFkk dj ldsxh ;k mls djok ldsxh vkSj bl lEcU/k es a mlds }kjk mixr leLr O;; dks mDr O;fDr ls v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy dj ldsxh vkSj vxzsŸkj ;g fd && ¼[k½ mDr O;fDr fdlh eftLVªsV ds le{k fl) Bgjk, tkus ij tqekZus ls] tks ,d gtkj #i;s rd dks ldsxk vkSj fujUrj Hkax djus dh n”kk es a vxzsŸkj tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxk] tks izFke nks’kfl) ds fnukad ds i”pkr~] ftles a vijk/kh }kjk fujUrj Hkax fd;k tkuk lkfcr gks] izR;sd fnu ds fy, iPphl #i;s rd gks ldsxkA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 146 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 308&310À 308&& ¼1½ ;fn dksbZ O;fDr] ftls /kkjk 307 es a mfYyf[kr uksfVl fn;k x;k gks] Lokeh ds pwd djus ij ml lEifŸk dk] ftlds lEcU/k es a og fn;k x;k gks] Lokeh gks rks øuxjikfydkÀ1 ¼pkgs ,sls v/;klh dk Hkqxrku djus dk nkf;Ro Lokeh ds fo:) dksbZ okn yk;k x;k gks ;k vU; dk;oZ kgh dh xbZ gks ;k ugha½ ,sls O;fDr ls] ;fn dksbZ gks] ftlds v/;klu esa mDr Lokeh ds v/khu ,slh lEifŸk ;k mldk dksbZ Hkkx gks] ;g vis{kk dj ldsxh fd og ,slh lEifŸk ds lEcU/k es a mlds }kjk ns; fdjk, dk] tc og ns; gks tk;s] /kkjk 307 ds v/khu Lokeh ls olwy dh tk ldus okyh /kujkf”k rd Lokeh dks Hkqxrkus djus ds ctk; øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks Hkqxrku dj vkSj v/;klh }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks fn;k x;k dksbZ Hkh Hkqxrku] mDr lEifŸk ds Lokeh vkSj v/;klh ds chp blds izfrdwy dksbZ lafonk u gksus ij] ,slh lEifŸk ds Lokeh dks fd;k x;k le>k tk;sxkA ¼2½ ;g fofu”p; djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dk;oZ kgh dh tkuh pkfg, ;k ugha] uxjikfydk lEifŸk ds v/;klh ls ;g vis{kk dj ldsxk fd og ,slh lEifŸk ds fy, fdjk, ds :Ik es a ns; /kujkf”k ds lEcU/k es a vkSj ml O;fDr ds uke vkSj irs ds lEcU/k es]a ftls og ns; gks] lwpuk izLrqr djs vkSj ;fn v/;klh ,slh lwpuk izLrqr djus ls badkj djs rks og lEiw.kZ O;; ds fy, nsunkj gksxk] ekuks og Lokeh gksA ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk olwy fd;k tk ldus okyk lEiw.kZ /ku v/;k; 6 ea s micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA 309&& tc dHkh fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k Lokeh ds pwd djus ij v/khu visf{kr fdlh fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fu’iknu djus es a pwd dh tk; s rks ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe v/;klh }kjk fuekZ.k dk;Z dk v/;klh øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds vuqeksnu ls ,sls dk; Z dks fu’ikfnr djk ldsxk vkSj mlds dks fu’ikfnr djus dk vf/kdkj O;; dk Hkqxrku fdlh izfrdwy lafonk ds u gksus ij Lokeh }kjk mls fd;k tk ldsxk ;k ml /kujkf”k dh dVkSrh mlds }kjk ,sls Lokeh dks le;&le; ij ns; gksus okys fdjk, es a ls dh tk ldsxhA 310&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu tkjh dh xbZ fdlh uksfVl ds vuqikyu v/;klh }kjk fu’iknu dk ea s fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh ls mlds lEcU/k es a dksbZ dk;oZ kgh djus ds vk”k; dh fojks/k fd, tkus ij izfdz;k lwpuk izkIr gks tkus d s Ik”pkr~ v/;klh mDr Lokeh dks ,slh dk;oZ kgh djus dh vuqefr nsus ls badkj djs rks Lokeh eftLVªsV dks vkosnu dj ldsxkA ¼2½ eftLVªsV ,sls badkj fd, tkus dk lcwr feyus ij fyf[kr :Ik es a vkns”k ns ldsxk] ftles a v/;klh ls Lokeh dks mDr Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds lEcU/k es a ,sls lHkh fuekZ.k dk;]Z tks mDr uksfVl ds vuqikyu ds fy, vko”;d gks] fu’ikfnr djus dh vuqefr nsus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gks vkSj ;fn og mfpr le>s] v/;klh dks ;g Hkh vkns”k ns ldsxk fd og Lokeh dks ,sls vkosnu&i= ;k vkns”k ls lEcfU/kr O;; dk Hkqxrku djsA ¼3½ ;fn eftLVªsV ds vkns”k ds fnukad ls vkB fnu lekr gksus ds Ik”pkr~] v/;klh Lokeh dks ,slk fuekZ.k dk;Z fu’ikfnr djus dh vuqefr nsus ls badkj djrk jgs rks v/;klh nks’kfl) Bgjk, tkus ij] tqekZus ls] tks ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy, ftles a og bl izdkj vuqefr nsus ls badkj djrk jgk gS] iPphl #i;s rd gks ldsxk] n.Muh; gksxkA ¼4½ izR;sd Lokeh bl izdkj badkj fd, tkus ds nkSjku fdUgha ,slh “kkfLr ls mUeDq r jgsxk] ftuds fy, og ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z ds fu’iknu es a mlds }kjk pwd djus ds dkj.k vU;Fkk n.Muh; gksrkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 147 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 311&314À 311&& tc fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds v/;klh us] bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu v/;klh }kjk dk;Z ds tkjh fd, x, uksfVl ds vuqikyu es a dksbZ ,slk fuekZ.k dk; Z fu’ikfnr fd;k gks] ftlds ifjO;; dh olwyh fy, ,sls Hkou ;k Hkwfe dk Lokeh ;k rks fdjk,nkjh ds lafonk ds vuqlj.k es a ;k fof/k }kjk mŸkjnk;h gks rks og fdlh izfrdwy lafonk ds u gksus ij] ,sls fuekZ.k dk;Z ds leqfpr O;; dks mlds }kjk ns; fdjk, ls dVkSrh djds ;k vU;Fkk Lokeh ls olwy djus dk gdnkj gksxkA 312&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk /kkjk 263 ;k 265 ds v/khu gVkus dk dksbZ dk; Z /kkjk 211] 263] 264] 265 djus es a ;k /kkjk 211] 263] 264 ;k 278 ds v/khu tkjh dh xbZ fyf[kr uksfVl dk /kkjk vkSj 273 ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ }kjk gVk, 307 ds v/khu vuqikyu u fd, tkus dh n”kk es]a fd;k x;k O;;] gVkbZ xbZ lkexzh dh tkus ds dk;Z ds O;; dh fcdzh ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj ;fn ,slk fodz; vkxe Ik;kZIr u gks rks “ks’k /kujkf”k olwyh mDr lkexzh ds Lokeh ls v/;k; 6 es a micfU/kr jhfr ls olwy fd;k tk ldsxkA ¼2½ ;fn fdlh ekey s es a gVkus ds dk; Z dk O;; dk lkexzh dh fcdzh fd, tkus ;k vU;Fkk fuLrkj.k fd, tkus ds iwoZ fdlh Hkh le; mlds }kjk mlds fy, nkok fd, tkus ij ;k ,sls vU; leLr O;; dk] ;fn dksbZ gks] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk mlds lEcU/k es a ;k mldh vk”kf;r fcdzh ;k mlds fuLrkj.k ds lEcU/k es a fd;k x;k gks] mlds }kjk Hkqxrku fd, tkus ij okil dj nsxkA ¼3½ ;fn lkexzh dk mlds Lokeh }kjk dksbZ nkok u fd;k tk;s rks mls ;Fkk”kh?kz lqfo/kkuqlkj mls gVkus ds fnukad ls ,d ekl ds Ik”pkr~ pkgs bl chp gVk, tkus ds O;; dk Hkqxrku dj fn;k x;k gks ;k ugha] uhyke }kjk csp fn;k tk;xs k ;k mldk vU;Fkk fuLrkj.k dj fn;k tk;xs k] tSlk øuxjikfydkÀ1 Bhd le>s vkSj fcdzh ;k vU; fuLrkj.k ds vkxe dks mlea s ls fcdzh ;k vU; fuLrkj.k ds O;; vkSj ;fn vko”;d gks rks gVk, tkus dk O;; pqdrk djus ds Ik”pkr~ uxjikfydk fuf/k es a tek dj fn;k tk;xs k vkSj og øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh lEifŸk gks tk;sxhA 313&& ¼1½ tc dksbZ O;fDr fdlh O;fDr ;k lkslkbZVh dk U;klh ;k vfHkdrkZ ds vfHkdrkZ vkSj U;klks a dks :Ik ea s LFkkoj lEifŸk dk fdjk;k izkIr djus ;k izkIr djus dk gdnkj gksus ds dkj.k] bl vuqrks’k vf/kfu;e ds v/khu vf/kjksfir dh xbZ gks vkSj mlds fuoZgu ds fy, /ku visf{kr gks rc og mDr ck/;rk dk fuoZgu djus ds fy, rc rd vkc) ugha gksxk] tc rd fd mlds ikl Lokeh dh ,slh fuf/k u gks tks bl iz;kstu ds fy, Ik;kZIr gks ;k tks Lo;a mlds dksbZ vuqfpr dk; Z ;k O;frdze u djus d s dkj.k jgh gksrhA ¼2½ tc dksbZ vfHkdrkZ ;k U;klh bl /kkjk ds v/khu vuqrks’k ds fy, vius vf/kdkj dk nkok djs vkSj mls fl) djs rc øuxjikfydkÀ1 mls uksfVl ns ldrk gS fd og mi;qZDr ck/;rk ds fuoZgu ds fy, ,sls /ku dk iz;ksx djs] tks Lokeh dh vksj ls ;k Lokeh ds fy, loZizFke mls izkIr gks vkSj ;fn og ,slh uksfVl dk vuqikyu djus es a foQy jgrk gS rks mls Lo;a mi;qZDr ck/;rk ds fuoZgu ds fy, mŸkjnk;h le>k tk;xs kA vfHk;kstu 314&& tc rd fd Li’V :Ik ls vU;Fkk micfU/kr u gks] dksbZ U;k;ky; bl vfHk;kstu dk izkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh Hkh vijk/k dk ¼ftudh lwph vuqlwph vkB es a dsoy lqxe funs”Z k ds iz;kstu ls nh xbZ gS½ ;k fdlh fuxe ;k mifof/k ds v/khu n.Muh; fdlh Hkh vijk/k dk laKku ugha djsxk] flok; blds fd øuxjikfydkÀ1 ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk bl fufeŸk lkekU; ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k ls izkf/kdr` fdlh O;fDr us f”kdk;r dh gks ;k buls dksbZ lwpuk izkIr gqbZ gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 148 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 315&318À 315&& ¼1½ fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh ;k vijk/k dk “keu djus dh ,slh uxjikfydk es a tgka dksbZ vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k LokLF; vf/kdkjh u gks] uxjikfydk “kfDr dk v/;{k ;k rks dk;oZ kgh fd, tkus ds iwoZ ;k Ik”pkr~ /kkjk 237¼4½] 242] 246] 281] 285 ¼5½ ;k 295 es a of.kZr fdlh vijk/k ds flok; bl vf/kfu;e ;k fu;e ;k mifof/k ds fo:) fdlh vijk/k dk “keu dj ldsxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd ,sls fdlh vijk/k dk “keu ugha fd;k tk ldsxk] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls tkjh fd, x, fdlh fyf[kr uksfVl ds vuqikyu] tgka rd fd bldk vuqikyu fd;k tkuk lEHko gks] u dj fn;k tk;sA ¼2½ tc fdlh vijk/k dk “keu dj fn;k x;k gks rks vijk/kh dks] ;fn vfHkj{kk es a gks] eqDr dj fn;k tk;xs k vkSj mlds fo:) bl izdkj “keu fd, x, vijk/k ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ dk;oZ kgh ugha dh tk;xs hA ¼3½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu “eu ds :Ik es a nh xbZ /kujkf”k uxjikfydk fuf/k es a tek dh tk;sxhA 316&& ;fn fdlh dk;]Z mis{kk ;k O;frdze ls] ftlds dkj.k dksbZ O;fDr bl uxjikfydk lEifŸk dh vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu vf/kjksfir dksbZ “kfDr mixr djsxk] øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fdlh {kfr ds fy, izfrdj lEifŸk dks {kfr igqapkbZ tk;xs h rks ,slh “kkfLr mixr djus okyk O;fDr ,slh {kfr dks iwjk djus vkSj lkFk gh ,slh “kkfLr dk Hkqxrku djus dk ftEesnkj gksxk vkSj {kfr dh /kujkf”k] fookn dh fLFkfr es]a ,sls eftLVªsV }kjk vo/kkfjr dh tk;xs h] ftlus mDr “kkfLr mixr djus okys O;fDr dks nks’kfl) Bgjk;k gks vkSj ,slh /kujkf”k dh ekax fd, tkus ij Hkqxrku u djus ij mls djLFke }kjk mn~xzghr fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mDr eftLVªsV rn~uqlkj mldk okj.V tkjh djsxkA 317&& izR;sd iqfyl vf/kdkjh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks mldh tkudkjh es a vkus okys vijk/kks a vkSj uxjikfydk ,sls vijk/k dks rqjUr lwpuk nsxk] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds fo:) ;k /kkjk 114 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ izkf/kdkfj;ks a dh lgk;rk nsus ds lEcU/k ea s iqfyl ds [k.M ¼[k½ es a fufnZ’V fdlh vf/kfu;e ds fo:) ;k mi;qZDr fdlh Hkh vf/kfu;e ds ds drZO; vkSj “kfDr v/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ds fo:) fd;k x;k gks vkSj og øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds leLr lnL;ks]a vf/kdkfj;ks a vkSj lsodksa dks muds fof/kiw.kZ izkf/kdkj dk iz;ksx djus es a lgk;rk nsus ds fy, vkc) gksxkA øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds vkns”k ds fo:) vihy vkSj uxjikfydk ds fo:) okn 318&& ¼1½ uxjikfydk }kjk] /kkjk 180 ¼1½] 186] 204] 205¼1½] 208] 211] 212] uxjikfydk ds vkns”k ds 222¼6½] 241¼2½] 245] 278 vkSj 285 }kjk iznŸk “kfDr ds v/khu ;k /kkjk 298 ds “kh’kZd ¼N½ fo:) vihy ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fdlh mifof/k ds v/khu fn, x, vkns”k ;k funs”k ls {kqC/k dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,sls funs”k ;k vkns”k ls rhl fnu ds Hkhrj] mudh izfrfyfi izkIr djus ds fy, visf{kr le; dks NksM+dj] ,sls vf/kdkjh dks] ftls jkT; ljdkj ,slh vihysa ;k mues a ls fdlh vihy dks lquokbZ djus ds iz;kstu ds fy, fu;qDr djs ;k ,slh fu;qfDr djs ;k ,slh fu;qfDr u dh tkus ij ftyk eftLVªsV dks vihy dj ldsxkA ø***À2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 156 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 149 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 319&322À ¼2½ vihy izkf/kdkjh] ;fn mfpr le>s] vihy ds fy, mi/kkjk ¼1½ vuqKkr vof/k dkgkz c<+k ldrk gSA ¼3½ dksbZ Hkh vihy rc rd va”kr% ;k iw.kZr% [kkfjt ;k Lohdr` u dh tk;sxh tc rd fd i{kdkjks a dks dkj.k crkus ;k lquokbZ fd, tkus dk leqfpr volj u ns fn;k x;k gksA 319&& ¼1½ ;fn /kkjk 318 ds v/khu fdlh vihy dh lquokbZ djus ij izfr’ks/k] mPp U;k;ky; dks funs”Z k uksfVl ;k oS/krk ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ ,slk iz”u mRiUUk gksrk gS ftl ij vihy dh lquokbZ djus okys vf/kdkjh dks ;Fkksfpr lUnsg gks rks og ;k rks Loizsj.kk ls ;k fgrc) fdlh O;fDr ds vkosnu ij ml ekey s ds rF;ksa dk vkSj ml iz”u dk] ftl ij lUnsg fd;k x;k gks] ,d fooj.k rS;kj djsxk vkSj ml fooj.k dk funZs”k mDr iz”u ij viuh jk; ds lkFk mPPk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds fy, djsxkA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu funs”Z k fn, tkus ij] bl ekey s es a Ik”pkr~orhZ dk;oZ kfg;ks a ;Fkk ;Fkk”kD; flfoy izfdz;k lafgrk] 1908 dh izFke vuqlwph ds vkns”k 46 es a fn, x, mPp U;k;ky; dks funs”Z k djus ls lEcfU/kr fu;eks a ;k ,sls vU; fu;eksa ds vuq:Ik dh tk;xs h] tks mDr lafgrk dh /kkjk 122 ds v/khu mPp U;k;ky; }kjk cukbZ tk;As 320&& ¼1½ ,sls U;k;ky; dk] tks vihy dk fu.kZ; djs] Lofoosd ls O;; fnyokus okn O;; dh “kfDr gksxhA ¼2½ bl /kkjk ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ1 dks fnyok;k x;k O;; øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk mlh izdkj olwy fd;k tk ldsxk ekuks og vihykFkhZ ls ns; fdlh dj dk cdk;k jgk gksA ¼3½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 bl /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh vihykFkhZ dks fnyok;s x, fdlh O;; dk mlds Hkqxrku djus ds vkns”k dh lalwpuk ds fnukad ds Ik”pkr~ nl fnu ds Hkhrj Hkqxrku djus esa foQy jgs rks mDr O;; fnyokus okyk U;k;ky; ml O;fDr dks] ftldh vfHkj{kk es a uxjikfydk fuf/k dk vo”ks"k gks] mDr /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku djus dk vkns”k ns ldsxkA 321&& ¼1½ /kkjk 318 es a fufnZ’V fdlh vkns”k ;k funs”k ij mles a micfU/kr ls vihy izkf/kdkjh ds vkns”k fHkUu fdlh vU; jhfr ls ;k izkf/kdkjh }kjk] vkifŸk u dh tk ldsxhA dk vfUre gksuk ¼2½ vihy izkf/kdkjh dk dksbZ vkns”k ftlds }kjk ,slk dksbZ vkns”k ;k funs”k iq’V] fujLr ;k mikUrfjr fd;k x;k gks] vfUre gksxk % izfrcU/k ;g gS fd vihy izkf/kdkjh ds fy, ;g fof/kiw.kZ gksxk fd og vkosnu djus ij nwljs i{kdkj dks uksfVl nsus ds Ik”pkr~ vihy es a vius }kjk fn, x, fdlh vkns”k dk vius ewy vkns”k ds fnuakd ls rhu ekl ds Hkhrj fn, x, fdlh vxzsŸkj vkns”k ls iqufoZyksdu djsA 322&& tgka /kkjk 318 es a fufnZ’V fdlh vkns”k ;k funs”k ds fo:) vihy dh tk vihy ;k flfoy okn dh ldrh gks] mlds fo:) vihy lafLFkr dh xbZ gks ;k mlds lEcU/k es a flfoy okn lafLFkr fo’k; oLrq ds lEcU/k es a vihy ;k flfoy okn dk fd;k x;k gks] ogka ,sls vkns”k dsk izofrZr djus dh leLr dk;oZ kfg;ks a vkSj mls Hkax djus fu.kZ; gksus rd /kkjk 318 ds fy, leLr] vfHk;kts uks a dks] ;FkkfLFkfr vihy izkf/kdkjh ;k flfoy U;k;ky; ds vkns”k ds v/khu vkns”k ikfjr }kjk vihy ;k flfoy okn dk fu.kZ; gksus rd fuyfEcr fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj ;fn vkns”k djus dk fuyEcu es a ;k flfoy U;k;ky; ds fofu”p; }kjk vikLr dj fn;k tk; rks mldh voKk dks vijk/k ugha le>k tk;sxkA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 150 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 323&326À 323&& /kkjk 201 ds v/khu leigj.k dk izR;sd vkns”k vkSj /kkjk 302 ;k /kkjk 258 U;k;ky; ds dfri; ds v/khu izR;sd vkns”k ds fo:) vihy ftl U;k;ky; }kjk vkns”k fn;k x;k gks] mlls vkns”kks a ds fo:) vihy Bhd ofj’B U;k;ky; dks dh tk ldsxh fdUrq vihy ;k iqujh{k.k vU;Fkk ugha fd;k tk ldsxkA 324&& ¼1½ ;fn ,sls izfrdj dh /kujkf”k ds lEcU/k es]a ftldk Hkqxrku djuk bl øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ns; vf/kfu;e }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fy, visf{kr gks] dksbZ fookn mRiUUk gks rks mls ,slh jhfr izfrdj ds lEcU/k es a l s ftlds fy, i{kdkj djkj djs ;k fdlh djkj ds vHkko es]a dysDVj }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 fookn ;k izfrdj dk nkok djus okys O;fDr }kjk mUgas vkosnu&i= fn, tkus ij] r; fd;k tk;xs kA ¼2½ izfrdj dk vf/kfu.kZ; djus es a dysDVj dk dksbZ fofu”p; izfrdj ds fy;s vkosnd ds ,sls vf/kdkj ds v/khu gksxk] ftlls ;g Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e] 1894 dh /kkjk 18 es a nh xbZ izfdz;k ds vuqlkj ftyk U;k;k/kh”k dks funs”Z k fd, tkus dh vis{kk dj ldsxkA ¼3½ ,sls ekeyksa esa] ftues a Hkwfe ds lEcU/k es a izfrdj dk nkok fd;k tk;]s dyDS Vj vkSj ftyk U;k;k/kh”k] ;Fkk”kD; ml izfdz;k dk vuqikyu djsxa s] tks mDr vf/kfu;e es a lkoZtfud iz;kstuks a ds fy, vftZr fd, tkus okyh Hkwfe ds vtZu ds fy, izfrdj lEcU/kh dk;oZ kfg;ks a ds fy, fofgr dh xbZ gSA 325&& ¼1½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 vkSj fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds chp fdlh LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ks a ds ,sls ekey s es]a ftles a os la;qDr :Ik ls fgrc) gks] dksbZ fookn mRiUUk gks rks ,slk fookn chp fookn dk fofu”p; jkT; ljdkj dks fufnZ’V fd;k tk;sxk] ftldk fofu”p; vfUre gksxkA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj /kkjk 296 ds v/khu cuk, x, fu;e }kjk ,sls lEcU/k dk fofu;eu dj ldrh gS] ftldk øuxjikfydkÀ1 vkSj vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkfj;ks a ds chp fdlh ,sls ekeyksa es a ftues a os la;qDr :Ik ls fgrc) gks] vuqikyu fd;k tk;xs kA 326&& ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fo:) ;k uxjikfydk ds fdlh lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 ;k mlds lsod d s fo:) fdlh ,sls dk; Z ds lEcU/k es]a tks mlds }kjk viuh inh; gSfl;r ls fd;k vf/kdkfj;ks a ds fo:) x;k gks ;k fd;k tkuk rkRif;Zr gks] rc rd dksbZ okn lafLFkr ugha fd;k tk;xs k tc rd fd fyf[kr uksfVl ds Ik”pkr~] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh n”kk es a mlds dk;kyZ ; es a izsf’kr dj fn;k x;k gks vkSj lnL; vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dh n”kk es]a mls ns fn;k x;k gks ;k mlds dk;kyZ ; ;k fuokl&LFkku ij izsf’kr dj fn;k x;k gks] vkxkeh nks ekl dh vof/k lekIr u gks tk;]s ftles a okn dk dkj.k] bZfIlr vuqrks’k dk izdkj] nkokd`r izfrdj dh /kujkf”k vkSj vk”kf;r oknh dk uke vkSj fuokl LFkku Li’V :Ik ls fn;k x;k gks vkSj okn&i= es a ,slk fooj.k fn;k gksxk fd mDr uksfVl bl izdkj ns nh xbZ gS ;k NksM+h xbZ gSA ¼2½ ;fn øuxjikfydkÀ1 lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod us dk;oZ kgh izkjEHk fd, tkus ds iwoZ oknh dh Ik;kZIr vfHkrqf’V fufonŸk dj nh rks rks oknh bl izdkj fufonŸk /kujkf”k ls vf/kd dksbZ jkf”k olwy ugha djsxk vkSj bl izdkj fufonŸk djus ds Ik”pkr~ izfroknh }kjk mixr leLr okn&O;; dk Hkqxrku djsxkA ¼3½ ,slh dksbZ dk;oZ kgh] tSlk fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ es a of.kZr gS] tc rd fd og LFkkoj lEifŸk dh olwyh ds fy, ;k mlds gd dh ?kks’k.kk ds fy, dk;oZ kgh u gks] vU;Fkk izkjEHk u djds okn&dkj.k ds izksnHkwr gksus d s Ik”pkr~ vkxkeh N% ekl d s Hkhrj izkjEHk dh tk;xs h % 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 151 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 326d&330À ¼4½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd mi/kkjk ¼1½ dh fdlh Hkh ckr dk ;g vFk Z ugha yxk;k tk;xs k fd og fdlh ,sls okn ij ykxw gksrh gS] ftlesa dsoy nkokdr` vuqrks’k dksbZ ,slk O;kns”k gks] ftldk mn~ns”; uksfVl nsus dk okn ;k dk;Zokgh ds izkjEHk fd, tkus dks LFkfxr djus ls foQy gk s tk;xs kA ¿326&d&& dksbZ flfoy U;k;ky; fdlh okn ds nkSjku fuEufyf[kr ds lEcU/k es a flfoy U;k;ky; dfri; vLFkk;h O;kns”k ;k varfje vkns”k ugha nsxk & ekeyks a es a vLFkk;h O;kns”k ugha nsxk ¼d½ fdlh O;fDr dks øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds v/;{k ;k mik/;{k ;k øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lfefr ;k milfefr ds lHkkifr ;k øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lfefr ;k milfefr ds lnL;] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dh “kfDr;ks a dk iz;ksx djus ;k d`R;ks a dk fuoZgu ;k drZO;ks a dk ikyu djus ls bl vk/kkj ij vo:) djuk fd ,slk O;fDr bl izdkj v/;{k] mik/;{k] lHkkifr] vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ;k lsod ds :Ik es a lE;d~ :Ik ls fuokZfpr uke&fufnZ’V ;k fu;qDr ugha fd;k x;k gS( ;k ¼[k½ fdlh O;fDRk ;k fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lfefr ;k mi&lfefr dks dksbZ fuokZpu djus ls ;k fdlh fof”k’V jhfr ls dksbZ fuokZpu djus ls vo:) djukAÀ1 v/;k; 11 vuqiwjd 327&& jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk izkf/kdkjh dks mldh ;k viuh vf/kdkfjrk ds jkT; ljdkj }kjk Hkhrj] fdlh fofufnZ’V ¿uxjikfydkÀ1 ;k ¿uxjikfydkvksaÀ1 ds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e }kjk “kfDRk;ks a dk izR;k;kstu mlea s fufgr fdlh ,d “kfDr ;k vf/kd “kfDr;ks a dks] flok; mu “kfDRk;kas ds] ftudk C;kSjk vuqlwph lkr es a fn;k x;k gS] izR;k;kfstr dj ldsxhA 328&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 dk dk;oZ `Ÿk iqLrd vkSj dj&fu/kkZj.k lwph dk fdlh dk;Zo`Ÿk iqLrd vkSj dj djnkrk ;k fuokZpd }kjk ,slh “krksaZ ds v/khu] tks bl fufeŸk mi&fof/k }kjk fofgr dh fu/kkZj.k lwfp;ks a ds fujh{k.k dh lqfo/kk tk;xs h] fu%”kqYd fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxkA 329&& ,slh iqLrd] ftues a izR;sd fu;e] fofu;e vkSj mifof/k vUrfoZ’V gks] fu;ekoyh] fofu;eks a rFkk øuxjikfydkÀ2 dk;kyZ ; es a j[kh tk;sxh vkSj fdlh Hkh O;fDRk }kjk dk; Z ds lkekU; ?kaVks a ea s mifof/k;ks a ds izpkj ds fy, micU/k mudk fu%”kqYd fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj turk ds fy, ,sls dk;kyZ ; ls mfpr ewY; ij] tks bl fufeŸk mifof/k }kjk fofufnZ’V fd;k tk;s] fcdzh ds fy, jgsxa hA 330&& øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds dCts es a fdlh jlhn] vkosnu&i=] js[kkad] uksfVl] uxjikfydk vfHkys[kks a ds vkns”k] jftLVj dh izfof’V ;k vU; nLrkost dh izfrfyfi dks] ;fn mls mlds fof/kd lcwr dh jhfr laj{kd us ;k bl fufeŸk mifof/k }kjk izkf/kdr` fdlh vU; O;fDr es a lE;d~ :Ik ls izekf.kr fd;k gks] ,slh izfof’V ;k nLrkost gksus ds izFke&n`’V;k lk{; ds :Ik es a izkIr fd;k tk;xs k vkSj mls izR;sd ekey s es a mles a vfHkfyf[kr fo’k;ks a rFkk laO;ogkjks a ds lk{; ds :Ik es]a tgka vkSj ftl lhek rd ewy izfof’V ;k nLrkost] ;fn izLrqr fd;k tkrk] ,sls fo’k;kas dks lkfcr djus d s fy, xzkº; gksrk] Lohdkj fd;k tk;xs kA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 152 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 331&333dÀ 331&& fdlh Hkh uxjikfydk vf/kdkjh ;k lsod ls fdlh ,slh fof/kd dk;oZ kgh es a uxjikfydk lsodks a dks ftles a øuxjikfydkÀ1 ,d i{kdkj u gks] fdlh ,sls jftLVj ;k nLrkost dks] ftldh nLrkost izLrqr djus ds fy, leu djus ij vUroZLrq dks iwoZorhZ /kkjk ds v/khu fdlh izekf.kr izfrfyfi }kjk lkfcr fd;k tk lds] fucU/ku izLrqr djus dh ;k mles a vfHkfyf[kr fo’k;kas ;k laO;ogkjks a dks lkfcr djus ds fy, lk{kh ds :Ik es a mifLFkr gksus dh rc rd vis{kk u dh tk;xs h] tc rd fd U;k;ky; fo”ks’k dkj.k ls ,slk djus dk vkns”k u nsA 332&& v/;{k dh iwoZ Lohdf`r ls øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk dksbZ lnL; ,sls fuekZ.k dk; Z lnL;ks a }kjk uxjikfydk dk laLFkk] ftldk iw.kZr% ;k va”kr% øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds O;; ls fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gks ;k ds fuekZ.k dk;Z vkSj jftLVjks a dk fujh{k.k vuqj{k.k fd;k tkrk gks vkSj fdlh jftLVj] iqLrd] ys[ks ;k vU; nLrkost dk] tks øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk gks ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds dCt s es a gks] fujh{k.k dj ldrk gSA 333&& tc bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk l`tu fd;k tk;s øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh LFkkiuk rc ftyk eftLVªsV ;k mlds }kjk fufeŸk fu;qDr vU; vf/kdkjh tc rd øuxjikfydkÀ1 gksus rd øuxjikfydkÀ1 LFkkfir u gks tk;]s øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh “kfDr dk iz;ksx vkSj drZO;ks a dk ikyu vkSj d`R;ksa dh ”kfDr dk ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk iz;ksx dk fuoZgu dj ldrk gS vkSj mls mi;qZDr iz;kstuks a ds fy, øuxjikfydkÀ1 le>k tk,xk % izfrcU/k lnSo ;g gS fd ftyk eftLVªsV ;k ,slk vf/kdkjh ;k lfefr ;k izkf/kdkjh ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz izFke fuokZpu djkus ds fy, vkSj lkekU;r;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk] mlds xfBr gks tkus ij] “kh?kzrk ls viuk drZO;&Hkkj xzg.k djus ds fy, izkjfEHkd O;oLFkk djsxkA ¿***À2 ø333&d&& tgka fdlh ldaez .k”khy {ks= ds LFkku ij dksbZ y?kqrj uxjh; {ks= fdlh ladze.k”khy {ks= ds ?kksf’kr fd;k tk;] ogka y?kqrj uxjh; {ks= dh ?kks’k.kk ds fnuakd ls fuEufyf[kr ifj.kke LFkku ij dksbZ y?kqrj uxjh; {ks= dh ?kks’k.kk ds gksxa s& ifj.kke ¼,d½ ,sls leLr dj] “kqYd] ykblsal] tqekZus ;k “kkfLr dks] tks mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks uxj iapk;r }kjk vf/kjksfir] fofgr ;k mn~xzghr fd, x, gks]a bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;k blds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ }kjk vf/kjksfir fofgr fd;k mn~xzghr fd, x, le>s tk;sxa s vkSj tc rd fd mUgas mikUrfjr ;k ifjofrZr u fd;k tk;]s iwoZor~ olwy fd;k tk;xs k( ¼nks½ uxj iapk;r }kjk mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks ;k mlds iwoZ viuh fuf/k ls mixr fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh O;; uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ }kjk mldh izdkj mixr fd;k tkrk jgsxk ekuks og bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu izkf/kdr` dksbZ O;; jgk gks( ¼rhu½ mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks uxj iapk;r es a fufgr leLr lEifŸk] ftlds vUrxZr fdlh foys[k] lafonk] cU/k] izfrHwkfr ;k okn&izkI; oLrq ds v/khu dksbZ vf/kdkj ;k ykHk Hkh gS] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dks vUrfjr vkSj mles a fufgr gks tk;sxh vkSj mlds ykHk ds fy, izo`Ÿk gks tk;sxh( ¼pkj½ ,sls leLr nkf;Ro] pkgs os lafonk ds dkj.k ;k vU;Fkk mRiUUk gq, gks]a tks uxj iapk;r ds izfr izksnHkwr gq, gks a vkSj mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks cdk;k gks] rRi”pkr~ uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ds nkf;Ro gks tk;sxa s( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 157 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 153 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 333d&333[kÀ ¼ikap½ uxj iapk;r dh uxjikfydk fuf/k vkSj blds }kjk mn~xzghr ;k olwy fd, x, dj] iFkdj Qhl ;k tqekZuk dk O;; u fd;k x;k leLr vkxe uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dh uxjikfydk fuf/k dks vUrfjr gks tk;xs k vkSj mldh fuf/k dk Hkkx cu tk;xs k( ¼N%½ leLr fof/kd dk;oZ kfg;ka] tks uxj iapk;r }kjk ;k mlds fo:) vkjEHk dh xbZ gks vkSj mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks fopkjk/khu gks] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ }kjk ;k mlds fo:) pyrh jgsxh( ¼lkr½ dksbZ ,slk vf/kdkjh ;k lsod] tks mDr fnukad ds iwoZorhZ fnuakd dks uxj iapk;r }kjk iw.kZdkfyd fu;kstu ea s fu;ksftr gks] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ dks LFkkukUrfjr gks tk;sxk vkSj mldk vf/kdkjh ;k lsod gks tk;xs ekuks og mlds }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu fu;qDr fd;k x;k gks( vkSj ¼vkB½ uxj iapk;r }kjk fd;k x;k dksbZ dk; Z ;k dh xbZ dksbZ dk;oZ kgh] ftles dh xbZ dksbZ fu;qfDr ;k izR;k;kts u] tkjh dh xbZ dksbZ vf/klpw uk] tkjh fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns”k ;k funs”k] cuk;k x;k dksbZ fu;e] fofu;e] vkdkj&i=] mifof/k ;k ;kstuk LFkkfir fd;k x;k dksbZ vuqKk&i= ;k ykblsla ;k fd;k x;k dksbZ jftLVªhdj.k Hkh gS] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ }kjk fd;k x;k ;k dh xbZ le>h tk;xs h vkSj rn~uqlkj rc rd cuh jgsxh tc rd fd og blds }kjk fd, x, fdlh dk; Z ;k dh xbZ fdlh dk;oZ kgh }kjk vf/kf’Br u gks tk;sAÀ1 ø333&[k&& uxjikfydk {ks= ds fy, dksbZ uxjikfydk ,sls orZeku uxjikfydk ls fdlh orZeku uxjikfydk ¼ftls vkxs bl /kkjk es a vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dgk x;k gS½ fudky dj xfBr fd, {ks= ls fdlh {ks= dks fudky dj uxjikkfydk tk;as] ogka uxjikfydk ds xBu ds fnukad ls ¼ftls vkxs bl /kkjk es a mDr fnukad dgk ds xBu dk ifj.kke x;k gS½ fuEufyf[kr ifj.kke gksxa s & ¼d½ vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk }kjk mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks vf/kjksfir] fofgr ;k mn~x`ghr leLr dj Qhl] ykblsla ] tqekZus ;k “kkfLr dks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu uoxfBr uxjikfydk }kjk vf/kjksfir] fofgr ;k mn~x`ghr le>k tk;sxk( ¼[k½ uo&xfBr uxjikfydk es a lfEefyr {ks= ds lEcU/k es a vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk }kjk mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks ;k mlds iwoZ viuh fuf/k ls mixr fd;k x;k dksbZ Hkh O;;] uo&xfBr uxjikfydk }kjk mlh izdkj mixr fd;k tkrk jgsxk ekuks og bl vf/kfu;e ds }kjk ;k v/khu izkf/kdr` dksbZ O;; jgk gks ( ¼x½ uo&xfBr uxjikfydk ds {ks= ds Hkhrj ,slh leLr lEifŸk] ftlds vUrxZr fdlh foys[k] lafonk] cU/k] izfrHkwfr ;k okn izkI; oLrq ds v/khu dksbZ vf/kdkj ;k Qk;nk Hkh gS] tks mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks foHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk es a fufgr Fkh] uo&xfBr uxjikfydk dks vUrfjr vkSj mles a fufgr gks tk;sxh vkSj mlds Qk;ns d s fy, izo`Ÿk gks tk,xk( ¼?k½ uo&xfBr uxjikfydk es a lfEefyr {ks= ds lEcU/k es a ,sls leLr nkf;Ro] pkgs os lafonk ds dkj.k ;k vU; izdkj ls mRiUu gq, gks]a tks vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk ds izfr izksn~Hkwr gq, gks a vkSj mDr fnukad ds Bhd iwoZorhZ fnukad dks cdk;k gks] rRi”pkr~ uo&xfBr uxjikfydk ds nkf;Ro gks tk;asxs( 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 158 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 154 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 334&339À ¼³½ vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk dh fuf/k dk ,slk Hkkx vkSj vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk }kjk mn~x`ghr ;k olwy fd, x, dj] iFkdj] Qhl ;k tqekZuk dk O;; u fd, x, vkxe dk ,slk Hkkx] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk fofuf”pr fd;k tk;sxk] uo&xfBr uxjikfydk dh uxjikfydk fuf/k dks vUrfjr gks tk;sxk vkSj mldk Hkkx cu tk;xs k( ¼p½ vfoHkkftr uxjikfydk {ks= dh uxjikfydk ds ,sls lsod] ftudk LFkkukUrj.k fofgr izkf/kdkjh ds ijke”kZ ls uo&xfBr uxjikfydk es a fd;k tk;]s uo&xfBr uxjikfydk ds lsod gks tk;asxs] ekuks a mUgas bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu vkSj v/;/khu jgrs gq,] uo&xfBr uxjikfydk }kjk fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS( ¼N½ uo&xfBr uxjikfydk es a lfEefyr {ks= ds lEcU/k es a bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds v/khu fd;k x;k dksbZ dk;Z ;k dh xbZ dksbZ dk;oZ kgh] ftlds vUrxZr dh xbZ dksbZ fu;qfDr ;k izR;k;kts u] tkjh dh xbZ dksbZ vf/klwpuk] tkjh fd;k x;k dksbZ vkns”k ;k funs”k cuk;k x;k dksbZ fu;e] fofu;e] vkdkj i= mifof/k ;k ;kstuk] Lohdr` fd;k x;k vuqKk&i= ;k ykblsla ;k fd;k x;k dksbZ jftLVªhdj.k Hkh gS] uo&xfBr uxjikfydk }kjk fd;k x;k ;k dh xbZ le>h tk;xs hAÀ2 334&& ¼1½ vuqlwph esa fofufnZ’V vf/klfefr;ka fujflr dh tkrh gSA fujlu rFkk O;ko`fŸk;ka ¼2½ izfrcU/k ;g gS fd bl fu;eks a dk izHkko fuEufyf[kr ij ugha iM+xs k %& ¼d½ fdlh fu;qfDr dh fof/kekU;rk ij] ;k /kujkf”k ;k lEifŸk ds vuqnku ;k fofu;ksx ij ;k fdlh dj ;k paqxh( tks ,rn~}kjk fujLr dh xbZ fdlh vf/kfu;fer ds v/khu dh xbZ ;k vf/kjksfir dh xbZ gks( ;k ¼[k½ bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ fu;qDr fdlh vf/kdkjh ds ikfjJfed ds fucU/ku ;k isU”ku lEcU/kh vf/kdkjA 335&& bl vf/kfu;e dh fdlh ckr dk Hkkjrh; jsy vf/kfu;e] 1890 ds ;k ml Hkkjrh; jsy vf/kfu;e] vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk, x, fdlh fu;e ds fdlh micU/k ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+xs kA 1890 ds lEcU/k es a O;ko`fŸk 336&& bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk gksus ds iwoZ fd x, leLr dk;]Z tks ;fn ;g bl vf/kfu;e ds izkjEHk vf/kfu;e izo`Ÿk jgrk] fof/kiw.kZ fd, x, gksrs] fof/kiw.kZ fd, x, le>s tk;sxa sA gksus ds iwoZ fd, x, dk;ksa Z dh fof/k ekU;rk 336&d&& ø***À1 v/;k; 12 uksVhQkbM ,fj;k 337&& ø***À3 338&& ø***À3 339&& ø***À3 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 159 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 160 }kjk fudkyk x;kA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 155 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿/kkjk 340&342À 1ø340&& ¼1½ ;fn bl vf/kfu;e ea s ;k rRle; izo`Ÿk fdlh vU; vf/kfu;fefr ea s dfBukbZ;ks a dks nwj djus fdlh ckr ds gksus ds dkj.k bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a dks izHkkoh cukus es a dksbZ dfBukbZ dh “kfDr mRiUu gks rks jkT; ljdkj] tSlk volj fo”ks’k ij visf{kr gks] vf/klfwpr vkns”k }kjk ,sls micU/k cuk ldrh gS] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ls vlaxr u gks vkSj tks mls dfBukbZ dks nwj djus d s fy, vko”;d ;k b’Vdj izrhr gksA ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu dksbZ vkns”k mŸkj izns”k uxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ls nks o’kZ dh vof/k dh lekfIr ds Ik”pkr~ ugha fd;k tk;xs kA ¼3½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fdlh vkns”k }kjk cuk, x, micU/k izHkkoh gksxa s ekuks a bl vf/kfu;e es a vf/kfu;fer fd, x, gSa vkSj ,slk dksbZ vkns”k fdlh Hkwry{kh fnukad ls fdUrq] tks mŸkj izns”k ukxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds iwoZ dk fnukad ugha gksxk] fn;k tk ldrk gSA ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu fn;k x;k izR;sd vkns”k ;Fkk”kD; “kh?kz jkT; fo/kku e.My ds nksuks a lnuks a ds le{k j[kk tk;xs k vkSj mŸkj izns”k lk/kkj.k [k.M vf/kfu;e] 1904 dh /kkjk 23&d dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s micU/k mlh izdkj ykxw gkasxs] ftl izdkj os fdlh mŸkj izns”k vf/kfu;e ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk cuk, x, fu;eksa ds lEcU/k es a ykxw gksrs gSaA 341&& mŸkj izns”k ukxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk lUnHkksa Z dk vFkZ ds fnukad dh vksj ls] fdUgha fu;eks]a fofu;eks]a mifof/k;kas] ifjfu;r fy[krks a es a ;k rRle; izo`Ÿk fdlh vU; fof/k es a ;k fdlh ys[; ;k dk;Zokgh es a uxjikfydk ;k la;qDr izkUr Vkmu ,fj;k vf/kfu;e] 1914 ds v/khu Vkmu ,fj;k desVh ø;k /kkjk 338 ds v/khu xfBr uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVhÀ3 ds mYys[k dk vFk Z ;g fd;k tk;xs k fd og ¿uxjikfydk cksMZ ds fy, uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ vkSj Vkmu ,fj;k desVh ;k uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVh ds fy, uxj iapk;rÀ4 dk mYys[k gSA 342&& ¿¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] izR;sd uxjikfydk cksMZ] uxjikfydkvks a ds xBu mlds v/;{k vkSj lfefr;ks]a uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVh vkSj mlds v/;{k ;k Vkmu ,fj;k rd ds fy, O;oLFkk desVh vkSj v/;{k] tSls fd os mŸkj izns”k ukxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds Bhd iwoZ Fk]s dh lHkh “kfDr;ka] d`R; vkSj drZO;] ,sls izkjEHk dj] ftyk eftLVªsV es a fufgr gks tk;asxs vkSj ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk mudk iz;ksx ikyu vkSj fuoZgu fd;k tk;xs k] tks uxjikfydk cksMZ] mlds v/;{k vkSj lfefr;ks a ds laca/k es a uxjikfydk ifj’kn~] mldk v/;{k vkSj lfefr;ks a le>k tk;sxk vkSj uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVh vkSj mlds v/;{k ;k Vkmu ,fj;k desVh vkSj mldk v/;{k ds laca/k es a uxj iapk;r vkSj mldk v/;{k le>k tk;sxkA tSlk fd volj ds vuqlkj visf{kr gks vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr] mls uxjikfydk] mldk v/;{k ;k lfefr ;k uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVh ;k mldk v/;{k ;k Vkmu ,fj;k desVh ;k mldk v/;{k le>k tk;xs kAÀ5 ¼2½ ftyk eftLVªsV mDr le; ;k fdlh “kfDr] d`R; vkSj drZO; dks fdlh vU; O;fDr ;k izkf/kdkjh dks izfrfufgr dj ldrk gSA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 161 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 51 ¼d½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 4- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 51 ¼[k½ }kjk vUrfoZ’VA 5- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 52 ¼d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 156 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 1 À ¼3½ ftyk eftLVªsV] ftlea s fdlh uxjikfydk vkSj mlds v/;{k ;k uksVhQkbM ,fj;k desVh vkSj mlds v/;{k ;k Vkmu ,fj;k desVh vkSj mlds v/;{k dh “kfDr] d`R; vkSj drZO;

mŸkj izns”k uxjikfydkvks]a uksVhQkbM ,fj;k vkSj Vkmu ,fj;k ¼vYidkfyd O;oLFkk½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds v/khu fufgr gS] ftles a ,slk O;fDr ;k izkf/kdkjh Hkh lfEefyr gS] ftls ftyk eftLVªsV us viuh “kfDr izfrfufgr dj nh gS] ea s bl /kkjk ds micU/kks a ds v/khu ,slh “fDr] d`R; vkSj drZO; fufgr le>s tk;sxa sA ¿¼4½ bl /kkjk es a fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ks a vkSj uxjj iapk;rks a ds xBu ds fy, fuokZpu mŸkj izns”k ukxj Lok;Ÿk “kklu fof/k ¼la”kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1994 ds izkjEHk ds fnukad ls Ms< o’kZ ds Hkhrj mDr vf/kfu;e }kjk ;Fkk la”kksf/kr bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kks a ds vuqlkj djk, tk;sxa s vkSj ;FkkfLFkfr uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ ;k uxj iapk;r ds xfBr gks tkus ij mi/kkjk ¼1½] ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ d s micU/k izHkkoh ugha jg tk;saxsAÀ5 À3 vuqlwph 1 øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh “kfDr;ka vkSj d`R; ø/kkjk 50 ¼³½ ¼nks½] 111¼1½] 112 ¼1½¼d½À /kkjk “kfDr vkSj drZO; vH;qfDr;ak ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 2* ø***À1 3* ø***À1 * ø***À1 * ø***À1 44&d vkdfLed fjfDr gksus ij v/;{k dk fuokZpu djukA 47&d v/;{k ds fo:) vfo”okl dk izLrko ikfjr djukA 52 v/;{k ls fjiksVZ vkfn dks izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djukA 54 mik/;{k fuokZfpr djuk ;k mldk R;kx&i= Lohdkj djukA 57 vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj LokLF; vf/kdkjh fu;qDr vkSj fu;ksftr djuk 58 vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr djuk] gVkuk ;k vU;Fkk n.M nsuk vkSj LokLF; vf/kdkjh ds LFkkukUrj.k dh flQkfj”k djukA 59 ,sls ekey s es]a ftles a fjfDr nks ekl ls vf/kd gks] fdlh O;fDr dks LFkkukiUu vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ds :Ik es a dk; Z djus ds fy, fu;qDr djukA 61 vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj LokLF; vf/kdkjh ds vkns”kks a ds fo:) izR;k;ksftr fd;k v/khu xzg.k djukA tk ldxs k 63 vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj LokLF; vf/kdkjh ls fooj.kh vkfn dks izLrqr djus dh vis{kk djukA 66 lfpo fu;qDr djuk] lfpo dks inP;qr djuk] gVkuk ;k vU;Fkk n.M nsukA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 7 o’kZ 1953 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 161 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 52 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 157 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ4 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 1À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 68 flfoy vfHk;ra k] lgk;d flfoy vfHk;ra k] fo|qr vfHk;ra k] - tydy vfHk;ra k] lgk;d tydy vfHk;ra k] fo|qr ,oa tydy vfHk;ra k] vgZrk izkIr vksojfl;j ;k lc&vksojfloj] lfpo] f”k{kk v/kh{kd ;k efgyk f”k{kk v/kh{kd fu;qDr djukA 69 /kkjk 68 ds v/khu fu;qDr fdlh vf/kdkjh dks inP;qr djuk] gVkuk ;k vU;Fkk n.M nsukA 70¼d½ fdlh fo”ks’k dk;Z ds fy, vLFkk;h lsod fu;ksftr djs dk izfr’ks/k djukA 71 øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds LFkk;h deZpkjh oxZ dh la[;k vkSj osru vo/kkfjr djukA 72 fdlh ,d O;fDr dks nks ;k nks ls vf/kd vf/kdkfj;ks a ds drZO;ks a ds fuoZgu ds fy, fu;qDr djukA 72¼2½ Hkfo’; fuf/k LFkkfir djukA 79¼3½]¼4½ minku ;k vuqdEik HkŸkk Lohdr` djuk ;k okf’kZdh Lohdr` vkSj ¼5½ djuk ;k mls d;z djukA 81 fdlh lnL; ds fo:) okn lafLFkr djukA 82¼2½¼p½ ,slh /kujkf”k fuf”pr djuk] ftl /kujkf”k rd dksbZ lnL; uxjikfydk dks ;nk dnk gksus okyh fcdzh es a fgr j[krk gksA 94¼6½ fdlh ladYi dks mikUrfjr ;k jn~n djukA 96¼1½ ø,slh lafonk Lohdr` djuk] ftlds fy, ctV es a dksbZ O;oLFkk u gks ;k ftlea s ,slk ewY; ;k /kujkf”k vUrxZzLr gks] tks fdlh uxjikfydk ifj’kn~ }kjk dh xbZ lafonk dh n”kk es a nl gtk #i;s vkSj uxj iapk;r }kjk dh xbZ lafonk dh n”kk es a rhu gtkj #i;s ls vf/kd u gksAÀ2 96¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 dh fdlh lfefr ;k vf/kdkjh ;k lsok dh vU; lfaonk Lohdr` djus d s fy, l”kDr djukA 96¼3½ vfHk;ra k dks lfaonk Lohd`r djus d s fy, l”kDr djukA 97¼2½¼[k½ ø***À3 99 ctV Lohdr` djuk ;k ctV es a QsjQkj ;k ifjorZu djukA 104¼1½ lfefr;ks a ds lnL;ksa dks fu;qDr djuk vkSj gVkukA 104¼2½ lykgdkj lfefr;ka LFkkfir djuk vkSj muds lnL;ks a dh fu;qfDr djuk A 105 øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lnL;ks a ls fHkUUk O;fDRk;kas dks lfefr;ks a es a fu;qDr djukA 106 lfefr;ks a es a fjfDr;ks a dh iwfrZ djukA 107¼1½ fdlh lfefr dk lHkkifr fu;qDr djukA 109 lfefr ls fooj.kh bR;kfn ekaxukA 110 la;qDr lfefr;ka fu;qDr djuk vkSj fdlh ,sls fy[kr es a QsjQkj djuk ;k mldks fo[kf.Mr djuk] ftlds vk/kkj ij dksbZ la;qDr lfefr fu;qDr dh xbZ gSA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 162¼d½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 162 ¼d½¼nks½ }kjk fujflrA 4- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 158 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 1À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 112 øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks iznŸk ;k vf/kjksfir “kfDRk;kas vkSj drZO;ks a dks izR;k;kfstr djukA 115 uxjikfydk fuf/k ds fdlh Hkkx dk fofu/kku djukA 117 Hkwfe vtZu ds fy, jkT; ljdkj ls fuosnu djukA 118 øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks lkSaih xbZ lEifŸk dk izcU/k ;k fu;a=.k djukA 119 lkoZtfud laLFkkvks a dh fuf/k dk izcU/k] fu;a=.k vkSj iz”kklu djuk vkSj mls U;klr% /kkfjr djukA 124 øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a fufgr fdlh lEifŸk dk vUrj.k djuk ;fn] vUrj.k taxe lEifŸk ls lEcfU/kr gS rks bls izR;k;ksftr fd;k tk ldxs k 125 uxjikfydk fuf/k ls izfrdj nsukA 128&137 dj ds lEcU/k es a dksbZ dk;Zokgh djukA 141 dj fu/kkZj.k lwph dks rS;kj djkuk vkSj dj fu/kkZj.k lwph izR;k;ksftr dh cukus d s fy, fdlh O;fDr dks fu;qDr djukA tk ldxs hA 143¼3½ vkifŸk;ka lqukuk vkSj mudks fofuf”pr djuk ;k rnSo vkifŸk;ks a dks lquus vkSj mudks fofuf”pr djus ds fy, “kfDr dk izR;k;kts u djukA 147¼1½ dj fu/kkZj.k lwph dk la”kks/ku djukA 156 dj dk izdk”ku djus d s fy, vuqKk nsukA izR;k;ksftr dh tk ldxs hA 157¼1½ djk/kku ls NwV nsuk vkSj ¼2½ 186 ø***À1 187 vfXu”kked ny dh LFkkiuk vkSj mudk vuqj{k.k djukA 189 ø***À1 190 ø***À1 196¼d½ lkoZtfud uksfVl }kjk x`g laektuZ ;k “kkSpky;ks a ;k l.Mklkas vkSj ¼[k½ dh lQkbZ dk ftEek ysuk vkSj bl ftEesnkjh dk R;kx djukA 197¼2½ fdlh edku dks /kkjk 196 ¼d½ ds v/khu uksfVl ls vioftZr izR;k;ksftr dh djus d s fy, vkosnu&i= ij vkns”k nsukA tk ldxs h 211 ø***À1 212&d øuxjikfydk {ks=À4 ds ckgj nks ehy dh nwjh rd fdlh Hkou ;k ekxZ vkSj ukyh ds fuekZ.k dks fu;af=r vkSj fofu;fer djukA 217¼1½ ¼d½ fdlh ekxZ dk uke j[kukA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk fujflrA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDRk dh /kkjk 53 ¼d½ ¼nks½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 159 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 1À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 219 fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ dk fuekZ.k djuk] mls ifjofrZr djuk] eksM+uk ;k cUn djuk] ml ij Hkou LFkyksa dh O;oLFkk djuk] ,sls iz;kstuks a ds fy, Hkwfe vtZu djus dh dk;oZ kgh djuk vkSj bl izdkj vftZr Hkwfe dks cspuk ;k mldk fuLrkj.k djukA 221 fdlh ekxZ dks lkoZtfud ekxZ ?kksf’kr djukA 222¼1½ vkSj ekxZ dks fu;fer iafDr ifjHkkf’kr djukA ¼3½ 224 tydy dk fuekZ.k djuk vkSj mles a ifjorZu djukA 237¼1½ fcdzh ds fy, Ik”kqvks a ds o/k ds fy, ifjlj fuf”pr djukA 238 ,sls Ik”kqvks a ds fy, o/k LFkku fuf”pr djuk] tks fcdzh ds fy, vk”kf;r u gks ;k ftldk /kkfeZd iz;kstu ds fy, o/k fd;k tk; s vkSj vU; LFkku ij ,sls o/k dk izfr’ks/k djukA 245¼1½ ø***À1 250¼1½ dqŸkks a ds eq[k iV~Vs cka/kus dh vis{kk djukA 253 izfr& funs”k nsuk fd ;g /kkjk mu xkfM+;ks a ij ykxw u gksxh tks cU/kkRed iSny pyus dh xfr ls vf/kd u pykbZ tk jgh gksA [k.M 257¼1½ funs”k nsuk fd øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lgefr ds fcuk Nrs a vkSj ckgjh nhokys a Toyu”khy lkexzh ls ugha cukbZ tk;asxhA 259 Toyu”khy lkexzh vkfn dk <sj yxkus ;k tek djus dk izfr’ks/k djukA 269 rkykc vkSj ,sls gh vU; LFkkuks a ds vinw’k.k dks gVkus dh vis{kk djuk tc ,slk djus es a uxjikfydk }kjk Hkwfe dk vtZu djuk ;k mldh O;oLFkk djuk] vUrfnZ’V gksA 273¼1½¼[k½ lUrkidkjh inkFkZ vkSj dwM+k&djdV ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, LFkku fu;r djuk vkSj mlds gVkus ds fy, le;] jhfr vkSj “krksaZ d s lEcU/k es a funs”k tkjh djukA 275¼3½ Ik”kqvks a ds “ko ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, Qhl djukA 278 ø***À1 282 LOkkLF; ds fy, gkfudj [krs h( [kkn dk mi;ksx ;k flapkbZ djus dk izfr’ks/k djukA 285 dfczLrku vkSj “e”kku Hkwfe dh O;oLFkk djuk ;k mUgas cUn djuk ;k mUgas cuk, tkus dh vuqefr nsuk] lkoZtfud uksfVl ls futh dczxkgks a dks viokfnr djuk vkSj fdlh xSj ekU;rk izkIr dfczLrku ;k “ke”kku Hkwfe dk mi;ksx djus dh vuqefr nsukA 286 Luku vkSj /kqykbZ djus d s LFkku dks i`Fkd djuk] ,sls LFkkuks a ds Ikz;ksx ds fy, “krZs a fofgr djuk vkSj vU; LFkkuks a ij Luku vkSj /kqykbZ djus dk izfr’ks/k djukA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk fujflrA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 160 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 2À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 290¼2½ uxjikfydk fuf/k ls tydy ;k /kkjk 192] 267 vkSj 268 ds v/khu fdlh dk; Z ds fu’iknu dh Lohdf`r nsukA 290¼3½ fdlh tydy ;k ty fuLrkj.k ls vuqyXud lkf/k= es a øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds fgr dks fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds Lokeh dks vUrfjr djukA 297 fofu;e cukukA 298 mifof/k;ka cukukA 299 ;g funs”k nsuk fd mifof/k;ks a dk Hkax fd;k tkuk tqekZus ls n.Muh; gksxkA lkekU; dksbZ “kfDr] drZO; ;k d`R;] ftlds ckjs es fu;e }kjk ;g visf{kr gks fd mldk Ikz;ksx] ikyu ;k fuoZgu Lo;a øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk ladYi ds ek/;e ls fd;k tk;sxkA vuqlwph II vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dh vuqlwfpr “kfDr;ka ø/kkjk 60 ¼1½ ¼?k½ vkSj 61 ¼1½ ¼d½À /kkjk “kfDr vkSj drZO;ks a dk izdkj vH;qfDr ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 75 LFkk;h voj deZpkjh oxZ dh fueqfDr djukA 76 øLFkk;h voj deZpkjh oxZ dks inP;qr djuk] gVkuk ;k vU;Fkk n.M nsukAÀ 79 ¼1½ vf/kdkjh ;k lsod dks NVq ~Vh HkŸkk nsukA 142 ml LFkku dh lkoZtfud uksfVl nsuk] tgka dj fu/kkZj.k lwph dk fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldsxkA 143¼1½ ewY;kadu vkSj dj fu/kkZj.k ij fopkj djus ds fy, fuf”pr le; dh lkoZtfud uksfVl nsuk vkSj lEifŸk ds Lokeh ;k v/;klh dks uksfVl nsukA 143¼2½ ewY;kadu vkSj dj fu/kkZj.k ds lEcU/k es a vkifŸk;ka izkIr djukA 147¼2½ dj fu/kkZj.k lwph ds izLrkfor ifjorZu es a fgrc) O;fDr;ks a dks ml fnukad dh] ftl fnukad dks ifjorZu fd;k tk;xs k] uksfVl nsukA 148¼1½ fdlh Hkou ds uo&fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k ;k foLrkj dh uksfVl izkIr djukA 150¼2½ iV~VkdrkZ ls dj mn~xzg.k djus ds fodYi dk iz;ksx djukA 151¼1½ vkSj ,sls fdlh Hkou] oklx`g ;k Hkwfe dks] tks [kkyh gks vkSj ¼2½ ftlls fdjk;k u feyrk gks] dj ls NwV nsuk ;k mls okil djukA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 161 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 2À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 152¼1½ fdlh Hkou ;k Hkwfe ds iqu% v/;klu dh uksfVl izkIr djukA 158 ,slh lwpuk ekaxuk] ftldk izHkko djk/ku ds nkf;Ro ij iM+rk gksA 166 djks a vkSj vU; ns;kas ds fcy izLrqr djukA 168 ekax dh uksfVl rkehy djukA 169 djLFke okj.V tkjh djukA 172¼2½ djLFke eky dks cspukA 172¼3½ okilh ds fy, vkosnu&i= izkIr djuk vkSj mls okil djukA 173 okjUV tkjh djus d s fy, eftLVªsV dks vkosnu&i= nsukA 176 ekax ds fy, okn ykukA 178¼1½ Hkou bR;kfn dk fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k djus ;k mlesa rkfRod ifjorZu djus d s vk”k; dh uksfVl izkIr djukA 179¼1½ ;g vo/kkfjr djuk fd ,slh uksfVl ds lEcU/k es a lwpuk lek/kkuizn gSA 179¼2½ js[kkad fofuns”Z k vkSj vxzsŸkj lwpuk ekaxukA ø186 uksfVl }kjk ;g funs”k nsuk fd fdlh Hkou bR;kfn dk fuekZ.k] iqufuZekZ.k ;k ifjorZu jksd fn;k tk; ;k fdlh Hkou bR;kfn es a ifjorZu fd;k tk; s ;k mls fxjk fn;k tk;As À1 ø189 ukfy;ks a dk fuekZ.k djukAÀ1 ø190 uxjikfydk dh ukfy;ks a ls ifjorZu djuk vkSj mUgas cUn djukAÀ1 191¼1½ futh ukfy;ks a dks uxjikfydk dh ukfy;ks a ls tksM+us dh vuqKk nsuk vkSj mlds fy, “krsa Z fofgr djukA 191¼2½ fdlh mifof/k dk ;k vuqKk dh “krksaZ dk mYya?ku djds ;k fcuk vuqKk izkIr fd, cukbZ xbZ ukyh dks cUn djus vkfn dh vis{kk djukA 192¼1½ lkoZtfud ukyh ds lkFk ty fuLrkj.k dk la;kstu djukA 193 ukfy;ks a dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy, vkosnu&i= izkIr djuk] mi/kkjk ¼3½ d s vkifŸk;ka cukuk] mu ij vkns”k nsuk vkSj fuekZ.k dh ykxr v/khu vfHk& vkSj izfrdj olwy djukA fyf[kr vkns”k ds fo:) vihy dh tk ldxs h 194 ukyh dks eksM+us ds fy, vuqKk nsuk vkSj bl izdkj ukyh eksM+us d s fy, “krsa Z fofgr djukA 196¼x½ v/;klh dh lgefr ls x`g laektuZ djus ;k fo’Vk ;k vU; vkSj ¼?k½ nqxZU/k;Dq r inkFkZ ;k dwM+k&djdV gVkus dk ftEek yus k vkSj bl ftEesnkjh dk R;kx djukA 201¼1½ :f<+xr lQkbZdkjks a }kjk mis{kk fd, tkus ij eftLVªsV ls f”kdk;r djukA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 162 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 2À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 202¼2½ fdlh d`’kd }kjk x`g laektuZ dh mfpr O;oLFkk u fd, tkus ij eftLVªsV ls f”kdk;r djukA 204 ekxZ dk foU;kl djus vkSj mls cukus dh vuqKk ds fy, vkosnu&i= izkIr djukA 209 iz{ksi ds fy, vuqKk nsukA vuKq k nsu s ls badkj dju s ds fo:) vihy dh tk ldxs h 211 iz{ksi dks gVkus ;k mls ifjofrZr djus ds fy, uksfVl tkjh djukA 213 Hkou vkfn ds fuekZ.k vkSj ejEer ds fy, vuqKk nsuk vkSj lwpuk&iV~V vkfn ds lEcU/k es a vkns”k tkjh djukA 214 >kfM+;ks a vkSj isM+ksa dks dkVus vkSj NkaVus dh vis{kk djukA 215 fxjs gq, edku bR;kfn ds dkj.k gqbZ ck/kk dks gVkuk vkSj mls gVkus esa gksus okys O;; dks olwy djuk ;k mls gVk, tkus dh vis{kk djus d s fy, uksfVl tkjh djukA 216 cjlkrh ikuh ds fy, ukanks a vkSj uyksa dh O;oLFkk djus dh vis{kk djukA 217¼1½¼[k½ fdlh ekxZ dk uke j[kuk ;k Hkou ij la[;k Myokuk ;k vkSj ¼x½ Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls la[;k ifV~Vdk yxkus dh vis{kk djuk vkSj ,sls ukeks a vkSj la[;kvks a es a ifjorZu djkus ;k djus dh vis{kk djukA 218 Hkouks a ij cfŸk;ks a VsyhxzkQ ;k VsyQksu ds rkjksa bR;kfn ds fy, [kEHks vkSj czsdsV yxokukA 220 fdlh lkoZtfud ekxZ ;k LFkku dks mi;ksx ;k v/;klu djus d s fy, vuqKk nsukA 223 lkoZtfud ekxksaZ bR;kfn dh ejEer ds le; ckM+k yxkus vkSj jks”kuh dh O;oLFkk djukA 225¼1½ futh dqvks a dh lQkbZ fd, tkus dh vis{kk djukA 225¼2½ fdlh O;fDr ls futh dqa, bR;kfn dk iz;ksx u djus ij vihyh; mls cUn dj nsus ;k ckM+k yxk nsus dh vis{kk djukA 227 ty lEHkj.k ds fdlh lzksr ds fudV ukfy;ks]a “kkSpky;ks a vihyh; bR;kfn dks gVkus ;k cUn djus dh vis{kk djukA 229 djkj }kjk ty lEHkj.k djukA 230 ty lEHkj.k ds fy, izHkkj yus kA 236 ukfy;ks a bR;kfn ds Åij vuf/kdr` Hkouks a dks gVkuk ;k vihyh; mlds lEcU/k es a vU; izdkj dh dk;oZ kgh djuk ;k ,sls Hkou bR;kfn dks gVkus d s fy, uksfVl tkjh djukA 240 fdlh mifof/k dk mYya?ku djds uxjikfydk dh lhek ds Hkhrj yk, x, xks”r dk vfHkxzg.k djus ds fy, fdlh vf/kdkjh dks izkf/kdkj nsuk vkSj ,sls xks”r ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, vkns”k tkjh djukA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 163 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 2À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 244¼1½ fcdzh ds fy, iznf”kZr ,slh oLrqvks a dks] tks ekuo miHkksx ds fy, vuqi;qDr izrhr gks vkSj ,slh vkS’kf/k;kas dks] ftues a feykoV gksus dh ;k ftuds fu’izHkkoh gks tkus dh ‘kadk gks] vfHkx`ghr djuk vkSj ,slh vkS’kf/k;kas dks eftLVªsV ds le{k izLrqr djukA 245¼1½ vkifŸktud O;kikj ds lEcU/k es a uksfVl tkjh djukA vihyh; 249 ,sls dqŸkks a dks] ftuds tykUrd ¼jscht½ jksx vkfn ls ihfM+r gksus dk lUnsg gks] u’V ;k ifj:) djus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks izkf/kdr` djukA 250¼2½ fcuk eq[k&iV~Vs ca/ks gq, dqŸkks a dks u’V ;k ifj:) djus ds fy, fdlh O;fDr dks izkf/kdr` djukA 256 fdlh lkoZtfud Hwfe dks Ik”kqvks a ;k xkfM+;ksa ds iM+ko ds fy, mi;ksx es a ykus dh vuqKk nsukA 257¼2½ fdlh Nr vkSj nhoky dks] ;fn os Toyu”khy gks] gVkus dh vihyh; vis{kk djsxkA 258 Toyu”khy lkexzh dh ryk”kh yus k vkSj vuqKkr ek=k ls vf/kd fdlh ek=k es a j[kh xbZ lkexzh vfHkx`ghr djukA 260 ladViw.kZ [knku dk; Z ds lEcU/k es a uksfVl tkjh djuk vkSj vklUu [krjs d s fuokj.kkFkZ foKkiu iV ;k ckM+k yxkukA 261 [kMt+a k vkfn dks gVkus dh vuqKk nsuk vkSj bl izdkj gVkus tkus ds dkj.k uxjikfydk }kjk fd, x, O;; dks olwy djukA 263 uksfVl }kjk ,sls Hkou bR;kfn dks] tks [krjukd gkyr ea s fdlh rkykc dh ;k [kaMgj ds :Ik esa gks] rksM+ nsus ;k mldh ejEer djk ejEer djokus nsus ;k dq,a] rkykc vkfn dh ejEer djkus vkSj mudks ;k mls ?ksju s d s ?ksjus dh vis{kk djuk vkSj vklUu ladV gksus dh fLFkfr es a vkn”s k d s fo:) vihy dh tk rqjUr dk;oZ kgh djukA ldrh g S 264 vu/;kflr Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks] ftlls yksd vinw’k.k gksrk gks] lqjf{kr djus ;k ?ksjs nsus dh vis{kk djukA 265 fdlh lM+d ij vLFkk;h ck/kk igapq kus dh fyf[kr vuqKk nsuk vkSj fdlh lM+d ls dksbZ ck/kk gVkuk vkSj gVk, tkus dk O;; olwy djukA 266 [kyq s LFkkuks a ls feV~Vh bR;kfn dks gVkus ds fy, vuqKk nsukA 267 vlkoZtfud ukfy;ks]a uydwiks]a dwM+ns ku] “kkSpky;ksa bR;kfn “kkSpky;] dh O;oLFkk djus] mues a ifjorZu djus] gVkus] can djus ew=ky;] ukcnku] lQkbZ djus vkSj fn[kkbZ u nsus dh vis{kk djukA ukyh] uydwi] dwMk+nku ;k xanxh] eSyk ikuh] dwMk&djdV ;k dpjs ds fdlh vU; ik= dks mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s [k.M ¼d½ ds& 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 164 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 2À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ v/khu Lokeh ;k v/;klh ls] can dju s ;k gVkus dh vis{kk dju s ;k mi/kkjk ¼1½ d s [k.M ¼[k½ d s v/khu mudh O;oLFkk dju s d s vkn”s k d s fo:) vihy dh tk ldrh g S 268 dkj[kkuks a vkfn ds fy, “kkSpky;ks]a ew=ky;ks a dh O;oLFkk djus vkSj mudh lQkbZ djus dh vis{kk djukA 269 dqvkas] rkykcks a bR;kfn dh lQkbZ] ejEer] <dus] Hkjus ;k ty vihyh; ¼va”kr½ dk fuLlkj.k djus dh vis{kk djukA 270 ukfy;ks]a laMklkas bR;kfn dk fujh{k.k djuk vkSj Hkwfe [knq okukA 271 xUns Hkou ;k Hkwfe dks LoPN j[kus dh vis{kk djukA 273¼1½¼d½ larkidkjh inkFkZ dks vLFkk;h :Ik ls tek djus ds fy, ik= vkSj LFkku dh LFkkiuk djukA 275¼1½ Ik”kqvks a ds “ko ds fuLrkj.k dk izcU/k djukA 275¼3½ ,sls fuLrkj.k ds fy, Qhl nsuk vkSj olwy djukA va”kr% 276 lhost vkfn cgkus ds fy, vuqKk nsuk vkSj mlls lEcfU/kr “krsa Z fofgr djukA 277 fdlh Hkou es a izos”k djuk vkSj mldk fujh{k.k djuk vkSj mls jksxk.kqeqDr vkfn djus dk funs”k nsukA ø278 ekuoh; fuokl ds fy, vuqi;qDr Hkou ds lEcU/k es a vkns”k vihyh; tkjh djukÀ1 280 gStk ;k pspd ds jksxh bR;kfn dks fpfdRlky; HkstukA 283 fdlh Lokeh ;k v/;klh ds vfu’Vdkjh ouLifr;ks a dks lkQ djus dh vis{kk djukA 284¼1½ mifof/k;kas ;k vuqKk dh “krksaZ dk mYya?ku djds fd, x, mR[kuu vkfn dks Hkjus ;k mlds ty fuLrkj.k dh vis{kk djukA 291 Hkwfe ds fdjk, dh olwyh ds fy, dyDS Vj dks vkosnu djukA 293 uxjikfydk es a fufgr ;k mlds izcU/k es a lkSih xbZ LFkkoj lEifŸk ds iz;ksx ;k v/;lu ds fy, Qhl yus k vkSj ,slk izHkkj mn~xzghr ;k olwy djukA 294 ykblsla Lohdf`r vkSj vuqKk ds fy, Qhl yus kA 307 fdlh dk; Z dks fu’ikfnr djokuk vkSj mlds O;; dks olwy djukA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 165 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 3À ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ 308 pwd djus okys Lokeh ds ctk; v/;klh ls uxjikfydk dks fdjk, dk Hkqxrku djus dh vis{kk djuk vkSj fdlh v/;klh ls vis{kk djuk fd og vius }kjk ns; fdjk, bR;kfn ds ckjs es a lwpuk izLrqr djsA 309 v/;klh }kjk fu’ikfnr dk; Z dks vuqeksfnr djukA 312 gVkbZ xbZ lkexzh dh fcdzh ls gVk, tkus dk O;; olwy djuk] dfri; “krksa Z ds v/khu lkexzh Lokeh dks ykSVk nsuk ;k Lokeh }kjk nkok u fd, tkus ij mUgas csp nsukA 313¼2½ fdlh U;klh ;k vfHkdrkZ dks uksfVl nsuk fd og Lokeh dh vksj ls izkIr /ku dks Lokeh dh ck/;rk ds fuoZgu ds fy, iz;ksx es a yk;sA 314 f”kdk;r djds og lwpuk nsdj vfHk;kts u lafLFkr djuk vkSj ,slh f”’kdk;r djus vkSj ,slh lwpuk nsus ds fy, vU; O;fDr;ks a dks izkf/kdr` djukA 317 fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh ls lwpuk izkIr djukA vuqlpw h III dj vf/kjkfs ir djus ds izLrko dk uksfVl ø/kkjk 131 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½À ------------------------------------------- øuxjikfydk {ks=À1 ds fuokfl;ks a dks ,rn~}kjk uksfVl nh tkrh gS fd øuxjikfydk {ks=À1 ¼--------------------------------------- ds uke ls Kkr djds LFkku ij½ layXu izLrko es a of.kZr dj] LFkkuh; dj] ø***À3 ;k midj vf/kjksfir djuk pkgrk gSA øuxjikfydk {ks=À1 dk dksbZ fuoklh] ftls ;gka layXu izLrko ;k fu;ekoyh ij dksbZ vkifŸk gks] bl uksfVl ds fnukad ds ,d Ik{k ds Hkhrj viuh vkifŸk;ka fyf[kr :Ik esa uxjikfydkvks a dks Hkst ldsxkA izLrko /kkjk 131 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds v/khu øuxjikfydk {ks=À1 }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k izLrko layXu fd;k tk;xs k( fu;ekoyh /kkjk 131 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds v/khu cukbZ xbZ fu;ekoyh ;gka layXu dh tk;sxh] mlh fLFkfr es a j[kk tk;xs k tc fd dj fdlh orZeku dj ds fy, izfrLFkkfir fd;k x;k gksA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 162 ¼[k½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 53 ¼[k½ }kjk fujflrA 166 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ2 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 4&5À vuqlpw h IV Ekakx dks uksfVl dk vkdkj&i= ø/kkjk 168À lsok es]a d] [k ----------------------------------------------- fuoklh -------------------------------------- uksfVl nh tkrh gS fd -------------------------------------- øuxjikfydkÀ Jh --------------------------------- ls -------------------------------- dh /kujkf”k dh ekax djrk gS] tks fd Jh ------------------------------------------------- ls ------------------------------------- ds v/khu] fnukad ------------------------------- ekl -------------------- 19-------------- ls vkjEHk gksus okyh vkSj fnukad -------------- -------------- ekl ------------------------ 19 ------------- dks lekIr gksus okyh vof/k ds fy, ---------------------------------- ------- ds en~ns ¼;gka lEifŸk] mithfodk] ifjfLFkfr ;k ml ckr dks ftlds lEcU/k es a mDr /kujkf”k mn~xzg.kh; gS] fooj.k fn;k tk;½s ns; gS vkSj bl uksfVl ds rkehy fd, tkus ds fnukad ls iUnzg fnu ds Hkhrj mDr /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku -------------------------------- fLFkr øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk;kyZ ; es a ugha fd;k tkrk gS ;k øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lek/kkuizn :Ik ea s Hkqxrku u fd, tkus ds lEcU/k es a Ik;kZIr dkj.k ugha crk;k tkk gS rks O;; lfgr mDr /kujkf”k dh olwyh ds fy, djLFke dk okj.V ¼okj.V vkQ fMLVªsl½ tkjh fd;k tk;xs kA gLrk{kj fnukad -------------------------------- ekl --------------------- 19 ------- -------------------------------------- øuxjikfydkÀ ds vkns”k lsA vuqlwph V okj.V dk vkdkj&i= ø/kkjk 169 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½À ¼;gka ij ml vf/kdkjh dk uke fyf[k,] ftls okj.V ds fu’iknu dk Hkkj lkSaik x;k gks½ pwfad --------------------- ds fuoklh d] [k us ik”oZ esa mfYyf[kr nkf;Ro ds fufeŸk ns; ------ ------------- dh /kujkf”k dk] tks ------------------------ ds v/khu mn~xzg.kh; gS] fnukad ---------------------------- 19 dks lekIr gksus okyh vof/k ds fy,] Hkqxrku ugha fd;k gS vkSj u Hkqxrku fd, tkus dk lUrks’ktud dkj.k gh crk;k gS( vkSj pwfad ml ij rRlEcU/kh ekax dk uksfVl rkehy fd, tkus ds fnukad ls iUnzg fnu O;rhr gks pqds gSa( vr,o] blds }kjk vkidks lekns”k fd;k tkrk gS fd vki la;qDr izkUr uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916 dh /kkjk 171 ds micU/kks a ds v/khu jgrs gq,] mDr d] [k dk ------------------- dh /kujkf”k ds] tks mlds }kjk ns; /kujkf”k gS] ewY; dk eky vkSj taxe oLrq dk vfHkxzg.k dj ysa] tks mlls fuEukafdr :Ik ea s izkI; gS & #i;k iSlk mDr nkf;Ro ds en~ns -------------------------------- uksfVl rkehy djus d s fy, -------------------- vkSj bl okj.V ds lkFk ,sls leLr eky ds fooj.k dh lwpuk rRdky esjs ikl Hksts] tks vkius blds vUrxZr vfHkx`ghr fd;k gksA vkt fnukad ------------------------------- ekl ------------------------- 19 ¼gLrk{kj fd;k½ pS;jeSu ;k vU; vf/kdkjh 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/; k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 167 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 6&7À ø/kkjk 162 ¼2½ nsf[k,À fVIi.kh && ;fn eky ds gVk, tkus ds iwoZ O;frdzeh vkidks lEiw.kZ /kujkf”k dk Hkqxrku dj nsrk gS rks okj.V dks fu’ikfnr djuk vko”;d u gksxkA vuqlwph VI djLFke fd, x, lkeku dh rkfydk vkSj fodz; ds uksfVl dk izHkko ø/kkjk 171 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½À lsok es]a d] [k ----------------------------------------------- fuoklh -------------------------------------- dks lwfpr gks fd eSus vkt uhps nh gqbZ rkfydk es a fofufnZ’V leku vkSj taxe oLrq dks fnukad ------------------------------- 19 ls izkjEHk gksus okyh vkSj fnukad ------------------------------- 19 dks lekIr gksus okyh vof/k ds fy, ik”oZ es a mfYyf[kr nkf;Ro ds fy, #i;s ds fy, vfHkx`ghr dj fy;k gS vkSj ;fn vki bl uksfVl dh rkehy ds fnukad ls ikap fnu ds Hkhrj øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk;kyZ ; es a mDr /kujkf”k dk vkSj mldh olwyh ds O;; dk Hkqxrku dj nsxa s rks mDr eky vkSj taxe oLrq csp fn;k tk;xs kA vkt fnukad ------------------------------- 19 ¼okj.V dk fu’iknu djus okys vf/kdkjh dk gLrk{kj½ Rkkfydk ¼;gka vfHkx`ghr eky vkSj taxe oLrq dk fooj.k nhft,½ vuqlwph VII jkT; ljdkj dh “kfDr;ka] tks izR;k;ksftr ugha dh tk ldrh gSa ø/kkjk 327À /kkjk “kfDr ;k drZO; ¼1½ ¼2½ ø3 ¼1½ fdlh {ks= dks lhekvks a ds lkFk] ;FkkfLFkfr] ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= fofufnZ’V djukA ¼2½ ;FkkfLFkfr] fdlh ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k fdlh y?kqŸkj uxjh; {ks= es a fdlh {ks= dks lfEefyr djuk ;k mlls fudkyukAÀ4 8¼1½¼<½ øfdlh fufeŸk fd, x, O;; dks uxjikfydk fuf/k ij leqfpr izHkkj ?kksf’kr djukÀ2 9&¼d½ vf/klpw uk }kjk øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds lnL;ks a dh la[;k] tks fuokZfpr fd;s tk ldrs gks]a fofgr djukA ø9&¼?k½ lnL;ks a dks ;FkkfLFkfr uxj iapk;r ;k uxj ifj’kn~ ds uke&fufnZ’V djukA À5 10 ø***À6 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼rhu½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 53 ¼x½¼,d½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 53 ¼x½¼rhu½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 6- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 53 ¼x½¼pkj½ }kjk fujflrA 168 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ12 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 7À ¼1½ ¼2½ ø13&d fdlh uxjikfydk ds lkekU; fuokZpu ds fy, fnukad fu;r djukAÀ13 13&p bl /kkjk ds ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ d s v/khu fdlh vugZrk dks gVkukA 13&> ø***À2 30 fdlh fofufnZ’V vof/k ds fy, fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 dk fo?kVu ø***À3 djukA 31 ø***À4 34¼2½ fdlh uxj ds lEcU/k esa fofgr izkf/kdkjh ;k ftyk eftLVªsV }kjk bl /kkjk ds v/khu fn, x, fdlh vkns”k dks fo[kf.Mr ;k mikarfjr djukA 35 ¼va”kr%½ ø***À5 fdlh drZO; ds ikyu ds fy, vof/k fuf”pr djuk vkSj ;fn bl izdkj fuf”pr vof/k ds drZO; dk ikyu u fd;k rks mldk djus ds fy, ftyk eftLVªsV dks fu;qDr djuk vkSj ;g funs”k nsuk fd mDr drZO; ds ikyu es a gksus okys O;; dk Hkqxrku øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk fd;k tk;xs kA 40¼1½ ¿fdlh uxj ds cksMZ ds fdlh lnL; dks gVkukAÀ6 40¼2½ ø***À7 40¼3½ dfri; fofufnZ’V ifjLFkfr;ks a es a fdlh lnL; gks gVkukA 40¼5½ ø***À7 40¼6½ fdlh lnL; dks n.M ds :Ik es a psrkouh nsuk ø***À8 40¼4½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk gVk, x,] fdlh lnL; dks iqu% fuokZpu ;k uke&fufnZ”ku ds fy, vikr u jg x;k ?kksf’kr djukA 47&d ø***À9 48 fdlh v/;{k dks gVkuk ø***À10 55 ¼3½ fdlh mik/;{k dks gVkuk ø***À11 57 vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh vkSj LokLF; vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr dk vuqeksnuA 57¼2&d½ y[s kk vf/kdkjh dks uke&fufnZ’V djuk vkSj mudh lsok dh “krkZa s vkSj fucU/kuks a dks fu/kkZfjr djuk 58 fdlh vf/k”kklh vf/kkdjh }kjk vius inP;qr fd, tkus] gVk, tkus ;k vU;Fkk nf.Mr fd, tkus ds fo:) dh xbZ vihy xzg.k djuk vkSj ml ij vkns”k ikfjr djuk] fdlh LokLF; vf/kdkjh dk LFkkukUrj.k ,d øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls nwljs øuxjikfydkÀ1 es a djukA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼ikap½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼N%½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼lkr½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 5- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼vkB½ }kjk fujflrA 6- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼ukS½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 7- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼nl½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 8- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼X;kjg½ }kjk c<+k;k x;kA 9- mi;qZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼ckjg½ }kjk fujflrA 10- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼rsjg½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 11- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼pkSng½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 12- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 13- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 53 ¼x½¼ikap½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 169 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 7À ¼1½ ¼2½ 59¼3½ fdlh LFkkukiUu vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh fu;qfDr dks vuqeksfnr djuk] ;fn fu;qfDr dh vof/k nks ekl ls vf/kd gkAs 60&d ;g funs”k nsuk fd fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dks iznŸk dfri; “kfDRk;kas dk iz;ksx LokLF; vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tk;sxk fd vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh }kjkA 60&[k ;g funs”k nsuk fd fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a fo|qr] lkoZtfud fuekZ.k vkSj tydy foHkkxks a vkSj uxjikfydk laxzgky; ds eq[; vf/kdkjh vius foHkkx ds lEcU/k es a /kkjk 60 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼³½ ds v/khu “kfDr dk iz;ksx djsxa sA 65 øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr djus es a vlQy jgus ij] fdlh O;fDr dks vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ;k vf/k”kklh vf/kdkjh ds :Ik es a dk; Z djus ds fy,] fu;qDr djuk vkSj ,slh fu;qfDr ds lEcU/k esa osru] Hkfo’; fuf/k ds fy, va”knku ;k isU”ku vkSj “krsa Z fuf”pr djukA 73 vkSj 74 ø***À1 79 ¼4½ vkSj øuxjikfydkÀ2 }kjk vuqdEik HkŸkk ;k okf’kZdh fn, tkus ;k mlds dz; ¼5½ fd, tkus dh Lohdf`r nsukA 99¼2½ fofufnZ’V vf/kdkfj;ks a dks ctV izLrqr djus dk funs”k nsukA 102 ;g funs”k nsuk fd fofufnZ’V uxjikfydk dk ctV Lohdr` ds v/khu gksxkA 104 ¼1½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 ls lfefr;ka fu;qDr djus dh vis{kk djukA 110 la;qDr lfefr;ka fu;qDr djus dh vis{kk djukA 114&d øuxjikfydkÀ2 dks _.k ysus dh vuqefr nsukA 115 ¼2½ cSadj dh izfrHkwfr dh /kujkf”k fu/kkZfjr djukA 116 øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a lk/kkj.kr;k fufgr lEifŸk ds lEcU/k es a vkj{k.k djukA 117 Hkwfe vtZu vf/kfu;e ds v/khu øuxjikfydkÀ2 ds fy, Hkwfe vftZr djukA 122 ¼1½ tc fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ2 dk dksbZ Hkkx fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu j[kk tk; s rks vf/klpw uk }kjk ;g ?kksf’kr djuk fd uxjikfydk dh ?kks’k.kk dh lEifŸk vkSj nkf;Ro dk fdruk Hkkx ,sls vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh dks vUrfjr fd;k tk;xs kA 122 ¼2½ tc dksbZ LFkkuh; {ks= ø;FkkfLFkfr] ladze.k”khy {ks= ;k y?kqrj uxjh; {ks= ls vioftZr fd;k tk;sÀ4 vkSj mls rRdky fdlh vU; LFkkuh; izkf/kdkjh ds fu;a=.k ds v/khu u j[kk tk; s rks ;g ?kksf’kr djuk fd fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ2 dh lEifŸk vkSj nkf;Ro dk fdruk Hkkx jkT; ljdkj dks vUrfjr fd;k tk;xs kA 122 ¼4½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ;k ¼2½ ds v/khu vkus okys fdlh ekey s es a ;g fofu”p; djuk fd D;k uxjikfydk fuf/k ;k nkf;Ro ds fdlh Hkkx dk vUrj.k okaNuh; gSA 1- mÙkj izns”k vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 1964 }kjk fujflrA 2- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 4- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 53 ¼x½¼N%½ }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 170 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ3 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 7À ¼1½ ¼2½ 124 ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ2 es a fufgr fdlh lEifŸk dks ljdkj dks vUrfjr djus dh eatwjh nsukA 126 esyk bR;kfn es a iqfyl laj{k.k dh O;oLFkk djuk vkSj fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 }kjk izHkkj ds Hkkx dks vo/kkfjr djukA 130&d øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls dj vf/kjksfir djus ;k mldh njks a es a ifjorZu djus dh vis{kk djukA 133 ¼2½ fdlh uxj }kjk /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼,d½ ls ¼ckjg½ ds v/khu izLrqr dj ds izLrkoks a ;k /kkjk 128 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds [k.M ¼rsjg½ ds v/khu fdlh øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls izkIr dj izLrkoks a dks Lohdkj djuk] Lohdkj djus ls badkj djuk ;k vxzsŸkj fopkjkFkZ ykSVk nsukA 135 ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj }kjk Lohdr` djds vf/kjksi.k ds fy, vf/klpw uk tkjh djukA 137 ¼2½ øuxjikfydkÀ1 ls fdlh dj ;k mlls lEcfU/kr nks’k nwj djus dh vis{kk djukA 137 ¼2½ fdlh dj dks fuyfEcr] lekIr ;k de djuk 157 ¼3½ dj ls NwV nsukA 160 ¼1½ djk/kku ds fo:) vihy lquus ds fy, fdlh vf/kdkjh dks l”kDr djukA 180&d lkoZtfud vkeksn LFkyks a ds fuekZ.k dks vuqeksfnr djukA 279 vkSj 280 ladzked jksxks a dks vf/klfwpr djukA 296 ¼va”kr%½ uxjks a ls fHkUu øuxjikfydkvksÀa 1 ij ykxw /kkjk 153 ds [k.M ¼d½] ¼[k½ vkSj ¼x½ d s v/khu fu;eks a dks NksM+dj fu;e cukukA 318 øuxjikfydkÀ1 ds dfri; vkns”kks a ds fo:) vihy lquus ds fy, fdlh vf/kdkjh dks fu;qDr djukA 327 “kfDr izR;k;kfstr djukA 336&d ;g funs”k nsuk fd ladze.kdkyhu vof/k ds nkSjku vf/kfu;e ds dqN vuqdwyuks a ifjorZuks a vkSj mikUrjks a ds v/khu izHkkoh gksxkA 337 ø***À2 338 ¼1½¼x½ ø***À2 338 ¼2½ ø***À2 339 ø***À2 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 12 o’kZ 1994 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 72 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼x½¼iUnzg½ }kjk fujflrA 3- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 171 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 8À vuqlwph VIII vijk/kks a dh lwph ø/kkjk 314À /kkjk vijk/k dk o.kZu tqekZuk ;k vU; n.M] tks vf/kjksfir fd;k tk; s 1 2 3 148 ¼2½ lEifŸk dj fu/kkZj.k lwph es a u, ;k 50 #i;k ;k rhu ekl ds fy, ifjofrZr Hkou dh izfof’V ds fy, dj dk nl xqukA fjiksVZ djus es a vlQy jgukA 152 ¼2½ [kkyh Hkou ds iqu% v/;klu dh fjiksVZ 50 #i;k ;k v/;klu ds fnukad djus es a vlQy jgukA ls ns;dj dk nl xqukA 155 ø***À2 ø***À2 185 fdlh Hkou dk voS/k fuekZ.k ;k U;uw re 250 #i;s ds v/khu jgrs ifjorZuA gq, 1]000 #i;s 191 ¼2½ fdlh ukyh dk voS/k fuekZ.k ;k 50 #i;k ifjorZuA 201 ¼2½ :f<+xr lQkbZdkjks a }kjk mis{kkA 10 #i;k 207 ekxZ dk voS/k fuekZ.kA 500 #i;k 210 ekxZ ;k ukyh ds Åij izkf/kdr` iz{ksi.k U;uw re 250 #i;s ds v/khu jgrs dk fuekZ.kA gq, 1]000 #i;s 213 ¼3½ [krjukd isM+ dkVus vkSj Hkou cukus 500 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds dh vuqefr izkIr djus vkSj mlds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] iwoksiZ k; es a vlQy jgukA ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 10 #i;kA 217 ¼2½ ekxksaZ ds uke vkSj Hkouks a dh la[;k esa 250 #i;k vuqlwfpr gLr{ksiA a223 ¼2½ ekxksaZ dh ejEer bR;kfn ds nkSjku fd, 50 #i;k x, izcU/k es a gLr{ksiA 237 ¼4½ fcuk ykblsla izkIr ifjlj es a fcdzh ds 20 #i;k izkIr Ik”kq fy, Ik”kqvks a dk o/k djukA 242 nqX/k”kkyk ds iz;kstu ds fy, j[k s x, 50 #i;k ;k Hkkstu ds fy, mi;ksx es a vkus okys Ik”kqvks a dks vuqfpr pkjk nsukA 245 vkifŸktud O;kikj ds fy, ifjlj ds 200 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds iz;ksx dks izfrf’kf) ;k fofu;fer djus Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ds fy, nh xbZ uksfVl dk ikyu djus ftles a vijk/k nksgjk;k tk; s 40 es a vlQy jgukA #i;kA 240 vuSfrd iz;kstuks a ls vkokjk ?kweuk vkSj 50 #i;k izyksHku nsukA 247 ¼2½ fdlh x`g dks os”;kx`g ds :Ik es a iz;ksx 25 #i;k izfrfnu djus dk izfr’ks/k djus ds fy, eftLVªsV }kjk fn, x, vkns”k dk vuqikyuA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 2- mi;qZZDr dh /kkjk 162 ¼?k½ }kjk fujflrA 172 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 8À 1 2 3 248 nqjkxzgiwoZd fHk{kk ekaxukA 50 #i;k 252 ekxZ ds fu;eks a dh mis{kk 10 #i;k 253 mfpr izdk”k ds fcuk xkM+h pykukA 20 #i;k 254 gkFkh vkfn dks lqjf{kr nwjh ij gVkus es a 20 #i;k foQy gkus kA 255 ¼1½ Ik”kqvks a dks lM+d ij HkVdus nsuk ;k 250 #i;k cka/kuk 56 uxjikfydk Hkwfe dk iM+k LFky ds :Ik 100 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds e sa vizkf/kdr` iz;ksxA Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 10 #i;kA 257 ¼3½ vizkf/kdr` Toyu”khy fuekZ.k ;k mls 25 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds jgus nsukA Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;As 261 ¼1½ [kMt+a ks a vkSj uxjikfydk dh vU; 1000 #i;k lEifŸk es a vuf/kdr` gLr{ksiA 262 [krjukd rjhds ls vkxzs;k;q/k pykuk ;k 20 #i;k vkfr”kckth NksM+uk ;k [krjukd [ksy [kys ukA 265 lM+dkas ij ck/kk iSnk djukA 500 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd ,sls fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 10 #i;kA 266 lkoZtfud Hkwfe dh vuf/kdr` [knq kbZA 500 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds Ik”pkr~ izR;sd ,sls fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 10 #i;kA 272 Lokeh ;k v/;klh nqxZfU/kr inkFkZ dks 50 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds gVkus es a foQyrkA Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 5 #i;kA 274 Lokeh ;k v/;klh }kjk dwM+k&djdV] 250 #i;k fo’Bk vkfn dk vuqfpr fuLrkj.kA 275 ¼2½ Ik”kq yksFk ds fuLrkj.k es a foQyrkA 10 #i;k 276 fdlh lM+d ;k ukyh es a xUns ikuh dk 250 #i;k vuqfpr :Ik ls cgkukA 279 gStk] pspd vkfn dh lwpuk nsus es a 50 #i;k foQyrkA 281 ladzked fodkj ls xzLr gksrs gq, 50 #i;k dfri; dk; Z djukA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 173 ¿¿mŸkj izns”kÀ1 uxjikfydk vf/kfu;e] 1916À ¿vuqlwph 9À 1 2 3 285 ¼5½ ,sls LFkku ij] ftls dfczLrku ;k 500 #i;k “e”kku Hkwfe dh ekU;rk u izkIr gks] “ko dh vUR;sf’V ;k nkg laLdkj djukA 295 uxjikfydk deZpkfj;ks a dks ck/kk 1000 #i;k ;k N% ekg dk igqapkukA dkjkokl ;k nksuksAa 299 ,sls fu;eks a ;k mifof/k;kas dk mYya?ku 1000 #i;k ls vuf/kd dksbZ djuk] ftuds mYya?ku ds fy, “kkfLr /kujkf”k] tks fofgr dh tk; s vkSj yxkbZ tkrh gSA nks’kflf) ds Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk; s 25 #i;k rdA 306 tulk/kkj.k ij ykxw fdlh lkoZtfud 1000 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds uksfVl ;k vf/kfu;e ds micU/k dh Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] voKkA ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 25 #i;k rdA 307 fdlh O;fDr dks tkjh dh xbZ uksfVl 1000 #i;k vkSj nks’kflf) ds dh voKkA Ik”pkr~ ,sls izR;sd fnu ds fy,] ftles a vijk/k tkjh j[kk tk;s 25 #i;k rdA 310 uksfVl ds vuqlkj Lokeh }kjk dk;oZ kgh bUdkj djus ds izR;sd fnu ds djus ds fy, vuqefr nsus ls v/;klh fy, 25 #i;kA }kjk bUdkj djukA vuqlwph IX fujflr vf/kfu;fefr;ka¡ ø/kkjk 334 ¼1½À o’kZ la[;k laf{kIr uke ;k fo’k; 1 2 3 jkT; ljdkj ds vf/kfu;e 1900 1 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts E;wfufliSfyVht ,sDV 1901 5 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts E;wfufliSfyVht ¼vesUMeaVs ½ ,sDV 1907 1 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts E;wfufliSfyVht ¼vesUMeaVs ½ ,sDV 1891 1 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts okVj oDlZ ,sDV 1895 2 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts E;wfufliSfyVht ¼vesUMeaVs ½ ,sDV 1901 1 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts E;wfufliSfyVht ¼vesUMeaVs ½ ,sDV 1908 1 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts E;wfufliSfyVht ¼vesUMeaVs ½ ,sDV 1892 1 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts ykftax gkÅl ,sDV 1894 3 fn ;wukbVsM izkfoUlts lhojst ,aM Mªsust ,sDVA 1- m0iz0 vf/kfu;e la0 26 o’kZ 1995 ds v/;k;&rhu dh /kkjk 32 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA 174 THE [UTTAR PRADESH]5 MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 19161 [[Uttar Pradesh]5 Act No. II of 1916] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to Municipalities in the [Uttar Pradesh] Whereas, it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating to municipalities in the [Uttar Pradesh]; It is hereby enacted as follows: CHAPTER l PRELIMINARY Short title, 1. (1) This Act may be called the [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916. extent and (2) It shall extend to the whole of Uttar Pradesh. commencement (3) It shall come into force of the first day of July, 1916. Definitions 2. In this Act unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context – [(1) “Backward Classes” means the backward classes of citizens specified in Schedule 1 of the Uttar Pradesh Services (Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes) Act, 1994;]3 (2) “Buildings” means a house, out-house, stable, shed, hut or other enclosure or structure whether of masonary bricks, wood, mud, mental or any other material whatsoever, whether used as a human dwelling or otherwise and includes any verandah, platform, plinth, staircase, door steps, wall including compound wall other than a boundary wall of a garden or agricultural land not appurtenant to a house but does not include a tent or other such portable temporary shelter; (3) “Bye-law” means a bye-law made in exercise of a power conferred by this Act; (4) [***]4 (5) “Compound” means land, whether enclosed or not which is the appurtenance of a building or less the common appurtenance of several buildings; [(5-A) “Director” means the Director of Local Bodies, Uttar Pradesh appointed under section 31-B;]2 1. For statement of objects and reasons see U. P. Gazette 1975, Part 70, Page 503 of 1915. 2. Added by section 19 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act no. 41 of 1976. 3. Subs. by section 73(a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 4. Omitted by section 73 (b) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 32 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 175 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 2] [(5-AA) “District Planning Committee” means the District Planning Committee constituted under Article 243-ZD of the Constitution;]1 (6) “Drain” includes a sewer, pipe, ditch, channel or any other device for carrying of sullage, sewage and polluted water, or rain water or sub-soil water, together with pail depots, traps, sinks, cisterns, flush, tanks and other fitting appertaining thereto; [(6-A) “Finance Commission” means the Finance Commission [constituted under]5 Article243-I of the Constitution;]2 (7) “Inhabitant” used with reference to a local area means any person ordinarily residing or carrying on business or owing or occupying immovable property therein ; (8) “Lodging house” includes a collection of buildings, or a building or part of a building used for the accommodation of pilgrims and travellers; [(8-A) “Master plan” means a comprehensive plan showing therein the existing and proposed local and general layout of :— (a) arterial streets and transportation lines; (b) residential sections; (c) business areas; (d) industrial areas; (e) educational institutions; (f) public parks, play-grounds and other recreational centres; (g) public and semi-public buildings; and (h) any other places put to any specified use;]9 [(9) “Municipality” means an institution of self-Government [referred to in clause (e) of Article 243-P of the Constitution]6 ; (9-A) “Municipal area” means the territorial area of a municipality [***]7; 8[(9-B) “Municipal Council” means the Municipal Council constituted under sub-clause (b) of clause (1) of Article 243-Q of the Constitution; (9-C) “Nagar Panchayat” means the Nagar Panchayat constituted under sub-clause (a) of clause (1) of Article 243-Q of the Constitution;]3 1. Ins. by section 73(c) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Added by section 73 (d) ibid. 3. Ins. by section 73 (e) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5. Ins. by section 33 (a) ibid. 6. Ins. by section 33 (b) ibid. 7. Omitted by section 33 (c) ibid. 8. Subs. by section 33 (d) ibid. 9. Ins. by U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 176 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 2] (10) “Notification” means a notification published in the Official Gazette; (11) “Occupier” includes an owner in actual occupation of his own land or building; (12) “Officer of the [Municipality]1” means a person holding for the time being an office created or continued by or under this Act, but shall not include a member of the [Municipality]1 or of a committee as such; (13) “Owner” includes a person for the time being receiving or entitled to receive the rent, or a part of the rent, of any land or building, whether on his own account or as trustee, or as agent for a person or for a religious or charitable purpose, or as receiver appointed by or under the order of a court ; or who would so receive the same if the land or building were let to a tenant ; [(13-A) “Panchayat” means a panchayat referred to in clause (f) of Article 243-P of the Constitution;]2 (14) “Part of a building” includes any wall, underground room or passage, verandah, fixed platform, plinth, staircase or door-step attached to , or within the compound of an existing building, or constructed on ground which is to be the site or compound of a projected building ; (15) “Petroleum” means petroleum as defined in the Indian Petroleum Act, 1899 ; [(16) “Population” means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published ;]3 (17) (i) “Prescribed” means prescribed by or under this Act or rules made thereunder or by or under any other enactment ; (ii) “Prescribed authority” means an officer or a body corporate appointed by the State Government in this behalf by notification in the Official Gazette and if no such officer or body corporate is appointed, the Commissioner ; (18) “Public Place” means a space, not being private property which is open to the use or enjoyment of the public whether such space is vested in the [Municipality]1 or not; (19) “Public street” means a street— (a) which is declared a public street by the [Municipality]1 under the provisions of section 22; or 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Added by section 73 (f) ibid. 3. Substituted by section 73 (g) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 177 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 2] (b) which with the consent, express or implied, of the owner of the land comprising the street has been leveled, paved, metalled, channeled severed or repaired out of the municipal or other public funds; (20) “Regulation” means a regulation made in exercise of a power conferred by this Act; (21) “Rule” means a rule made in exercise of a power conferred by this Act; [(21-A) the expression “Scheduled Bank” shall have the meaning assigned to it in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934;]8 (22) “Servant of the [Municipality]9 means any person in the pay and service of the [Municipality]9; [(22-A) “Smaller urban area” means an area notified as such under clause (2) of Article 243-Q of the Constitution;]4 [(22-B) “State Election Commission” means the State Election Commission [constituted under]5 Article 243-K of the Constitution;]1 (23) “Street” means any road, bridge, footway, lane, square, court, alley or passage which the public or any portion of the public has right to pass along and includes, on either side, the drain or gutters and the land up to the defined boundary of any abutting property, notwithstanding the projection over such land of any verandah or other superstructure; [(23-A) “Transitional area” means an area in transition from a rural area to an urban area notified as such under clause (2) of Article 243-Q of the Constitution;]6 (24) “Vehicle” means a wheeled conveyance capable of being used on a street, and includes a bicycle, tricycle or motor vehicle as defined in the United Provinces Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, 1935 (U.P. Act No. 5 of 1935); [(24-A) “Wards Committee” means the Wards Committee [referred to in Article 243-S]7 of the Constitution; ]2 1. Added by Section 73 (h) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act no 12 of 1994. 2. Added by Section 73 (i) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act no 12 of 1994. 3. Subs by Section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act no 32 of 1995. 4. Subs. by section 33 (e) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 33 (f) ibid 6. Subs. by section 33 (g) ibid 7. Subs. by section 33 (h) ibid 8. Added by U.P Act no 26 of 1964. 9. Subs. by Section 72 of Chapter III of U.P. Act no. 12 0f 1994 . 178 [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 3-3A] (25) “Water for domestic purposes” shall not include water for cattle, or for horses, for washing carriages, where the cattle, horses or carriages are kept for sale or hire or for any other commercial purpose or by a common carrier, or water for any trade, manufacture, or business or for building purpose or for watering gardens not appurtenant to any dwelling house or for fountains or for any ornamental purpose; (26) “Water works” includes all lakes, streams, cisterns, springs, pump, wells reservoirs, aqueducts, cuts, sluices, mains, pipes, culverts, engines, hydrants, stand-pipes, conduits and all machinery, lands, buildings, bridges and tings for supplying of used for supplying water; (27) where a power is expressed as being conferred on any authority to require a person to do one thing or to do another thing, the authority may, in its discretion require the person to do either thing, or if the nature of the case permits, both of the things, or may give the person the option of doing whichever of the things he chooses. CHAPTER II CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNANCE OF MUNICIPALITES [Declaration etc. 3. [(1) any area specified by the Governor in the notification under clause (2) of transitional of Article 243-Q of the Constitution with such limits as are specified therein to area and smaller be a transitional area of urban area, as the case may be. urban area. (2) the Governor may, be subsequent notification under clause (2) of Article 243-Q of the constitution, include or exclude any area in or from a transitional area or a smaller urban area referred in a sub-sections (1), as the case may be.]3 (3) [The notification in the sub-sections (1) and (2)]4 shall be subject to the condition of the notification being issued after the previous publication required by Section 4 and notwithstanding anything in this section, no area which is, or is part of, a cantonment shall be declared to be a transitional area or a smaller urban area or be included therein under this section.]1 [Municipality for 3-A [(1) A municipality constituted under clause (1) of Article 243-Q of the every transitional Constitution in accordance with Part IX-A thereof shall,- area and smaller urban area (a) For every transitional area, be known as the Nagar Panchayat; (b) For every smaller urban area be known as the Municipal Council.]5 1. Subs. by section 74 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3. Subs. by section 34 (a) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 34 (b) ibid. 5. Added by section 35 (a) ibid. 179 [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 3A-3B] (2) Every Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Council constituted under sub- section (1) shall be body corporate. (3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-section (1),- (a) every municipal board existing immediately before the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban local Self Government and until the first constitution of the Municipal council under this Act as amended by the said Act]3 be deemed to be a Municipal Council under the Act;

(b) every notified area committee constituted under section 338 or town Area committee constituted under the Uttar Pradesh Town Area Act, 1914, as it stood immediately before the commencement and until the first constitution of the Nagar Panchayat under this Act, as amended by the Act referred to in clause (a)]4 be deemed to be a Nagar Panchayat under this Act.]1 1[Constitution 3-B (1) Each Wards Committee constituted under clause (1) of Article 243-S and composition of the constitution within the territorial area of a Municipal Council, having a of Wards population of three lakhs or more, shall consist of five wards. Committees (2) The territorial area of a Wards Committee shall consist of the territorial area of the wards comprised in such Committee. (3) Each Wards Committee shall consist of,- (a) All the member of the municipal council representing the wards within the territorial area of the wards committee; (b) Such other members, not exceeding three as may be nominated by the State Government form amongst persons registered as electors within the territorial area of the concerned Wards Committee who have special knowledge of experience in municipal administration. (4) The Wards Committee shall, at its first meeting after its constitution and at its first meeting in the same month in each succeeding year, elect one of the members, mentioned in clause (a) of sub-section (3), as the Chairperson of that Committee. (5) The duration of the office of the Chairperson shall be one year but he shall hold office until his successor is elected and shall be eligible for re-election. (6) The Chairperson shall vacate office as soon as he ceases to be a member of the Municipal Council. (7) In the event of the office of the Chairperson falling vacant, due to resignation or otherwise, before the expiry of his term the Wards Committee shall, in accordance with sub-section (4). 1. Added by section 74 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3. Subs. by section 35 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 35 (c) ibid. 180 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 4-7] Provided that a Chairperson so elected shall hold office only for the remainder of the period for which the person in whose place he is elected would have held it if such vacancy had not occurred. (8) The duration of the Wards Committee shall be co-terminus with the team of the municipal council. (9) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Wards Committee shall exercise such powers and perform such functions as may be prescribed by rules.]5 Procedure 4. (1) Before the issue of a notification [referred or in Section 3]6, the preliminary to [Governor]1 shall publish in the Official Gazette and in a paper approved by it issue notification for purposes of publication of public notices, published in the district or, if there is no such paper in the district, in the division, which the local area covered by the notification is situate and cause to be affixed at the office of the District Magistrate and at one or more conspicuous places within or adjacent to the local area concerned a draft in Hindi of the proposed notification along with a notice sating that the draft will be taken into consideration on the expiry of the period as may be stated in the notice. (2) The [Governor]1 shall, before issuing the notification consider any objection or suggestion in writing which it receives from any person, in respect of the draft within the period stated. Effect of 5. [Where by a notification referred to in sub-section (2) of Section 3 the including area in Governor includes any area]7 in a [transitional area or smaller urban area]2, such [transitional area area shall thereby become subject to al notifications, rules, regulations, bye-laws, or smaller urban orders, directions, issued or made under this or any other enactment and in force area]2 throughout the [transitional area or smaller urban area]2, at the time immediately preceding the inclusion of the area. 6. [***]3 Duties of 7. (1) it shall be the duty of every Municipality to make reasonable provision [Municipality]1 [within the municipal area for]8,- (a) lighting public street and places; (b) watering public streets and places; [(bb) making a survey and erection of boundary marks of the Municipality;]9 1. Subs. by section 75 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 76 ibid. 3. Omitted by section 77 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5. Added by section 36 ibid. 6. Subs. by section 37 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 38 ibid. 8. Subs. by section 39 ibid. 9. Ins. by U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 181 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 7] (c) cleaning public streets, places and drains, removing noxious vegetation, and abating all public nuisances; (d) regulating offensive, dangerous or obnoxious trades, calling or practices; [(dd) confinement, removal or destruction of stray dogs and dangerous animals;]1 (e) removing, on the ground of public safety, health or convenience, undesirable obstructions and projection in streets or public places; (f) securing or removing dangerous building or places; (g) acquiring, maintaining, changing, and regulating places for the disposal of the dead and making arrangements for disposal of unclaimed dead bodies after ascertaining from the police in writing that there is on objection to do so; (h) constructing, altering and maintaining public streets, culverts, markets, slaughter-houses, latrines, privies, urinals, drains, drainage words and sewerage works; [(hh) providing water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes;]2 (i) planting and maintaining trees in road sides and other public places; (j) providing a sufficient supply of pure and wholesome water where the health of the inhabitants is endangered by the insufficiency of unwholesomeness of the existing supply, guarding from pollution water use for human consumption and preventing polluted water from being so used; [(jj) maintaining in addition to any other source of water supply, public wells, if any in working condition , guarding from pollution their water and keeping it fit for human consumption;]1 (k) registering births and deaths; (l) establishing, maintaining a system of public vaccination; (m) establishing maintaining or supporting public hospitals and dispensaries, and providing public medical relief; [(mm) establishing, maintaining and assisting maternity centers and child welfare and birth control clinics and promoting population control family welfare and small family norms;]3 1. Ins. by section U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 78 (a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Added by section 78 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 182 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 8] (n) maintaining or contributing to the maintenance of veterinary hospitals; [(nn) establishing and maintaining or granting aid to institutions of physical culture;]1 (o) establishing and maintaining primary schools; (p) rendering assistance in extinguishing fires and protecting life and property when fires occur; (q) protecting, maintaining and developing the property vested in, or entrusted or the management of the [Municipality]2; [(qq) maintaining the finances of the [Municipality]2;]1 (r) [prompt attention to official letters and preparation of] such returns , statements and reports as the State Government requires the [Municipality]2 to submit; and (s) fulfilling any obligation imposed by law upon it; [(t) regulating tanneries; (u) construction and maintenance of parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences; (v) promoting urban forestry and ecological aspects and protection of the environment; (w) safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society including the handicapped and mentally retarded; (x) promoting cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects; (y) constructing and maintaining cattle pounds and preventing cruelty to animals; (z) slum improvement and up gradation ; (za) urban poverty alleviation; (zb) providing urban amenities and facilities such as gardens, publics parks and play grounds.]3 (2) [***] Discretionary 8. (1) A [municipality]2 may make provision, within the limits of the functions of municipality and with the sanction of the Prescribed Authority outside such [Municipalities]2. limits for- 1. Ins. by section U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Added by section 78 (c) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of U.P. Chapter-III of Act No. 26 of 1995. 183 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 8] (a) laying out, in areas whether previously built upon or not , new public streets and acquiring land for that purpose and for the construction of buildings, and their compounds , to abut on such streets; [(aa) preparing and executing Master Plan;]1 (b) constructing, establishing, maintaining or contributing to the maintenance of [***]3 libraries, museums, [reading rooms, radio receiving station, lepers’ homes, orphanages, baby-folds and rescue homes for women], lunatic asylums, halls , offices, dharamshalas, rest-houses, encamping grounds, poor-houses, dairies, baths, bathing ghats, washing places, drinking fountains, tanks, wells, dams and other works of public utility; (c) [***]1 (d) furthering educational objects by measures other than the establishment and maintenance of primary schools; (e) taking a census and granting rewards for information which may tend to secure the correct registration of vital statistics; [(ee) granting rewards for information leading to the detection or evasion of tax imposed under this Act, or the detection of the causing of injury to or encroachment on property vested in or entrusted to the management and control of the Municipality;]2 (f) [***]1 (g) giving relief, on the occurrence of local calamities, by the establishment and maintenance of relief works or otherwise; (h) [***]1 (i) securing or assisting to secure suitable places for the carrying on of any trade or manufacture mentioned under sub-head (a) of heading G of Section 298; (j) establishing and maintaining a farm or factory for the disposal of sewages; [(jj) making arrangements for preparation of compost manure from night soil and rubbish;]2 (k) constructing, subsidizing or guaranteeing tramways, rail-roads or other means of locomotion and electric or gas lighting or electric or gas power works; [(kk) promoting tourist traffic; (l) holding fairs and exhibitions; (ll) preparing and executing House and Town Planning Schemes; 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 2. Ins. by section ibid. 3. Omitted by section 79(a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 184 [The [Uttar Pradesh]7 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 8A-9] (lll) taking measures to promote trade and industry; (llll) supply of milk; (lllll) establishing Labour Welfare Centers for its employees and subsidizing the activities of any association, union or club of such employees by grant or loan, for its general advancement; (llllll) organizing or contributing to Municipality Unions;]1 (m) adopting any measure, other than a measure specified in Section 7 or in the foregoing provisions of this section likely to promote the public safety, health, or convenience; and [(mm) removing social disabilities of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes in such manner as may be prescribed;]3 [(mmm) taking measures for the control of beggary;]1 [(n) the doing of anything whereon expenditure is declared by the State Government or by the [Municipality with the sanction]4 of the Prescribed Authority to be an appropriate charge on the Municipal fund; Provided that the State Government may in respect of any Municipality or all Municipalities, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare any of the functions mentioned in this section to be a duty of Municipality or Municipalities concerned and thereupon the provisions of this act shall apply thereto as if it had been a duty imposed by Section 7. (2) A Municipality may make provision for the extension beyond the limits of the municipality of the benefits of any municipal undertaking : Provided that no provision shall be made for the extension of the benefit of a municipal undertaking for the supply of water to any local area which comprises or contains the whole or a portion of a cantonment without the previous sanction of the Central Government. (3) [***]2 8-A [***]5 6[Composition of 9. A Municipality shall consist of a President , who shall be its Chairperson, Municipality and ,- [(a) The elected members, whose number shall be not less than 4 and not more then 45, as may be prescribed by the State Government and notified in the Official Gazette.]8 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 07 of 1949. 2. Omitted and subs. by U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 3. Subs. by section ibid. 4. Subs. by section 79(b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 5. Omitted by section 80 ibid. 6. Subs. by section 81 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 8. Subs. by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. 185 [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 9A] (b) The ex-officio members, comprising all members of the House of People and he State Legislative Assembly representing constituencies which comprise wholly or partly he municipal area; (c) The ex-officio members, comprising all members of the Council of States and the State Legislative Council who are registered as electors within the municipal area; [(d) Nominated members, who shall be nominated by the State Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, from amongst persons having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration and whose numbers shall in the case of- (i) Nagar Panchayat, be not less than two and not more than seven; (ii) Municipal Council, be not less than three and not more than nine; Provided that the representation of following clases shall provide necessarily in the nominated members by State Government:- (1)Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes; (2)Woman; (3) Other Backward Classes; (4)Minority Communities.] (e) The Chairperson of the committees, if any, established under Section 104, if they are not members under any of the foregoing clauses : Provided that the persons referred to in clause (d) shall hold office during the pleasure of the State Government and they shall have the right to vote in the meetings of the Municipalities. Provided further that any vacancy in any category of members referred to in clauses (a) to (e) shall be no bar to the constitution or reconstitution of a municipality.]1 [Reservation 9-A (1) In every municipality seats shall be reserved for the [Scheduled Castes, the of seats Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes]3 and the number of seats so reserved shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in that municipality as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the Municipal area or of the Scheduled Tribes in the Municipal area [or of the Backward Classes in the Municipal area]4 bears to the total population of such area and such seats may be allotted by rotation to different wards in a municipality in such order as may be allotted by rotation to different wards in a municipality in such order as may be prescribed by rules : [Provided that the reservation for the Backward Classes shall not exceed [fourteen]7 percent of the total number of seats in the municipality : Provided further that that if the figures of population of the Backward Classes are not available, their population may be determined by carrying out a survey in the manner prescribed by rules.]5 (2) [***]6 1. Subs. by section 81 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3. Substituted by section 40 (a) (i) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 40 (a) (ii) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 40 (a) (iii) ibid. 6. Omitted by section 40 (b) ibid. 7. Subs. by section 3 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. 8. subs. by section2 of Uttarakhand Act No.09 of 2014 186 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 10-10A] (3) Not less than one-third of the total number of seats reserved under [sub- section (1)]5 shall be reserved for the women belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes or the Backward Classes, as the case may be. (4) Not less than one-third of the total number of seats in a municipality including the number of seats reserved under sub-section (3) shall be reserved for women and such seats may be allotted by rotation to different wards in a municipality in such order as may be prescribed by rules. (5) The offices of President [and Vice-president]6 of the Municipalities in the State shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes or the Backward Classes, as the case may be as prescribed by rules : [Provided that if the office of the President of a Municipality is reserved, the office of Vice-President in that Municipality shall not be reserved.]7 (6) The reservation of seats and offices of the Presidents for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes under this section shall cease to have effect on the expiration of the period specified in article 334 of the Constitution. Explanation— It is clarified that nothing in this section shall prevent the persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes and the women from contesting election to unreserved seats and offices.]1 10. [***]2 [Term of 10-A (1) Every municipality shall, under sooner dissolved under section 39, municipality continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer. (2) An election to constitute a municipality shall be completed,- (a) before the expiry of its term specified in sub-section (1); or (b) before the expiration of a period of six months from the date or its dissolution : Provided that where the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Municipality would have continued is less than six months, it shall not be necessary to hold any election under this sub-section for constituting the municipality for such period. (3) A municipality constituted upon the dissolution of a municipality before the expiration of its duration shall continue only for the remainder of the period for which the dissolved municipality would have continued under sub-section (1), had it not been so dissolved.]3 1. Subs. by section 81 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Omitted by section 82 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 83 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5. Subs. by section 40 (c) ibid. 6. Ins. by section 3 (a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 3 of 1996. 187 7. Ins. by section 3 (b) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 11B-12B] [(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any other provisions of this Act, where due to unavoidable circumstances or in the public interest, it is not practicable to hold an election to constitute a Municipal Council/Nagar Panchayat before the expiration of its duration, then until the due constitution of such Municipal Council/Nagar Panchayat, all powers, functions and duties of Municipal Council/Nagar Panchayat, shall be exercised, performed and discharged by the District Magistrate, or by such Gazetted Officer not below the rank of Sub Divisional Magistrate, to be appointed in this behalf by the District Magistrate and such District Magistrate or such Officer shall be called the ‘Administrator’ and such Administrator shall be deemed in law to be the Chairman/President or Committee, as the occasion may require : Provided that the term of the Administrator, appointed under this section, shall not exceed six months or till the new constitution of new Board.]8 10-AA. [***]9 11. [***]1 [Delimitation of 11-A (1) For the purpose of election of members of a municipality, every wards municipal area shall be divided into territorial constituencies to be known as wards in such manner that the population in each ward shall, so far as practicable, be the same throughout the municipal area. (2) Each ward shall be represented by one member in the municipality.]2 Delimitation 11-B (1) The State Government shall by order, determine,- Order [(a) the number of wards into which each municipal area shall be divided for purposes of election;]3 (b) the extent of each ward; (c) [***]4 [(d) the number of seats to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes and the women.]5 (2) The draft of the Order under sub-section (1) shall be [published in the manner prescribed for a period of not less than seven days.]7 1. Subs. by section 84 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Substituted by section 85 ibid. 3. Omitted by section 86 (a) ibid. 4. Omitted by section 86 (b) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 86 (c) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 7. Subs. by section 41 (a) ibid. 8. Added by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 03 of 2008. 9. Omitted by section 3 ibid. 188 [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 11B-12B] (3) The State Government shall consider any objections [***]5 filed under sub-section (2) and the draft Order shall, if necessary, be amended, altered of modified accordingly and thereupon it shall become final. Amendment of 11-C [(1)]6 the State Government may, after consulting the [Municipality]3 Delimitation concerned, by a subsequent order, alter or amend the final order under sub- Order section (3) of Section 11-B. [(2) For the alteration or amendment of any order under sub-section (3) of Section 11-B shall mutatis mutandis apply.]6 12. [***]1 Electoral rolls [Election of 12-A The members of a [municipality]3 shall be elected on the basis of adult members suffrage in accordance with the provisions of this Act. [Electoral roll for 12-B (1) There shall be an electoral roll for every ward which shall be prepared every ward in accordance with the provisions of this Act under the superintendence, direction and control of the State Election Commission. [(2) Subject to sub-section (1), the electoral roll for every ward shall be prepared and published by the Electoral Registration Officer in the manner prescribed by rules under the supervision of the Chief Election Officer (Urban Local Bodies). (2-A) The Chief Election Officer (Urban Local Bodies) and the Electoral Registration Officer referred to in sub-section (2) shall be such officers of the State Government as the State Election Commission may in consultation with the State Government, nominate or designate in this behalf. (2-B) Upon the publication of the electoral roll, it shall, subject to any alteration, addition or modification made by or under this Act be the electoral roll for the ward prepared in accordance with this Act.]7 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Chapter-II by section 3 of U.P. Act No. 25 of 1983. 3. Subs. by section 87 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 72 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5. Omitted by section 41 (b) ibid. 6. Re-numbered and added by section 42 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 43 (a) ibid. 189 [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 12C] (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the [Electoral Registration Officer may for the purpose of preparation of electoral roll for a ward, adopt, in accordance with the direction of the State Election Commission]5 the electoral roll of the Assembly constituency prepared under the Representation of the People Act, 1950 for the time being in force so far as it relates to the area of that ward : Provided that the electoral roll for such ward shall not include any amendment, alteration or correction made after the last date for making nomination for the election of such ward and before the completion of such election.]2 1[Qualification 12-C Subject to the provisions of Section 12-D and 12-E every person who has for electors attained the age of 18 years on the first day of January of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared of revised, and who is ordinarily resident in the area of the ward shall be entitled to be registered in the electoral roll for the ward. Explanation.- (i) A person shall not be deemed to be ordinarily resident in the area of a ward on the ground only that he owns, or is in possession of a dwelling-house therein. (ii) A person absenting himself temporarily from his place of ordinary residence shall not by reason thereof cease to be ordinarily resident therein. (iii) A Member of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State shall not, during the term of his office, cease to by ordinarily resident in the area of a ward merely by reason of his absence from that area in connection with the duties as such member. (iv) Any other factor that may be prescribed shall be taken into consideration for deciding as to what persons may or may not be deemed to be ordinarily residents of a particular area at any relevant time. (v) If in any case a question arises as to where a person is ordinarily resident at ant relevant time, the question shall be determined with reference to all the facts of the case. Disqualifications 12-D (1) A person shall be disqualified for registration in an electoral roll, if for registration in he,- an electoral roll (i) is not a citizen of India; or (ii) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; or (iii) is for the time being disqualified from voting under the provisions of any law relating to corrupt practices and other offences on connection with elections. 1. Added by section15 of U.P. Act No. 25 of 1983 of 12-C to 12-H. 2. Subs. by section 87 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4. Subs. y section 43 (b) (i) ibid. 190 5. Added by section 43(b) (ii) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 12D-12F] (2) The name of any person who becomes disqualified under sub-section (1) after registration shall forthwith be struck off the electoral roll in which it is included : Provided that the name of any person struck off the electoral roll by reason of any such disqualification shall forthwith be reinstated in that roll, if such disqualification is during the period such roll is in force, removed under any law authorizing such removal. Registration to 12-E (1) No person shall be entitled to be registered in the electoral roll for more be in one ward than one ward or more than once in the electoral roll for the same ward. only (2) No person shall be entitled to be registered in the electoral roll for any ward, if his name is entered in ay electoral roll pertaining to any city, other [Municipal area, Cantonment or area of Gram Panchayat]1 unless he shows that his name has been struck off from such electoral roll. [Correction of 12-F (1) Where the Electoral Registration Officer is satisfied, after making electoral roll such enquiry as he thinks fit, whether on an application made to him or on his own motion, that any entry in the electoral roll should be corrected or deleted or that the name of any person entitled to be registered should be added in the electoral roll, he shall subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules and orders made thereunder, delete ,correct or add the entry, as the case may be : Provided that no such deletion , correction or addition shall be made after the last date for making nomination for an election in the ward and before the completion of such election : Provided further that no deletion or correction affecting the interest of any person adversely shall be made without giving him reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of the action proposed to be taken in relation to him. (2) An appeal shall lie within such time and manner and to such officer or authority as may be prescribed by rules against any order of the Electoral Registration Officer in regard to the inclusion, deletion or correction of a name in the electoral roll.]5 Revision of 12-G [The State Election Commission]2 may, if it thinks it necessary to do for electoral rolls the purpose of a general or bye-election , direct a [***]3 revision of the electoral roll for any ward in such manner as it may things fit: Provided that subject to the other provision of this Act, the electoral roll for the ward, as in force at the time of issue of any such direction shall continue to be in force until the completion of the [***]3 revision, so directed. 1. Subs. by section 88 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 90 (a) ibid. 3. Omitted by section 90 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 191 5. Subs. by section 44 ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 12G-13B] Order regarding 12-H [In so far as provision with respect to any of the following maters is not electoral rolls made by this Act or the rules made thereunder, the State Election Commission may]6, by order make provision in respect of the following matters concerning the electoral rolls, namely,- (a) the date on which the electoral rolls first prepared and subsequently prepared under this Act shall come into force and their period of operation; (b) the correction of any existing entry in the electoral rolls on the application of the elector concerned; (c) the correction of clerical or printing errors in the electoral rolls ; (d) the inclusion in the electoral rolls of the name of any person- (i) whose name is included in the Assembly rolls for the area relatable to the ward but is not included in the electoral roll of the ward or whose name has been wrongly included in the electoral roll of some other ward; or (ii) whose name is not so included in the Assembly rolls and who is otherwise qualified to be registered in the electoral roll of the ward; (e) [***]3 (ee) fees payable on applications for inclusion or exclusion of names; (f) custody and preservation of the electoral rolls; and (g) generally for all matters relating to the preparation and publication of the electoral rolls.]2 13. [***]1 Conduct of elections [General election 13-A Except as provided in Section 31-A, the State Government shall, in consultation with the State Election Commission, by the Official Gazette, appoint date or dates for general election to a municipality.]4 Superintendence 13-B [(1)]7 The superintendence, direction and control of the conduct of all etc. of the elections to the municipalities shall be vested in the State Election Commission.] conduct of the elections 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Section 12-C to 12-H added by section 15 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 35 of 1978. 3. Chapter-omitted by section 91 (b) of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 92 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 6. Ins. by section 45 ibid. 192 7. Renumbered by section 46 ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 13A-13D] [(2) Subject to sub-section (1), the Chief Election Officer (Urban Local Bodies), referred to in sub-section (2-A) of Section 12-B shall supervise the conduct of all elections to the municipalities.]4 [[(3) State Election Commission shall obtain from all candidates a declaration in the form of an affidavit containing the following information and any other information it deems necessary and shall, except information contained in clause (c) and (e), make public the same for the information of the electorate:-]6 (a) whether the candidate has been convicted/ acquitted/ discharged of any criminal offence in the past and, if convicted, whether he was punished with imprisonment or fine? (b) prior to six months of filing of nomination, whether the candidate is accused in any pending case, of any offence punishable with imprisonment for two years or more, and in which charge is framed or cognizance is taken by the court of law, if so, the details thereof ; (c) the assets (immovable, movable, bank balances etc.) of a candidate and of his/her spouse and, that of dependants; (d) liabilities, if any, particularly whether there are any over dues of any public Financial Institutions or Government dues; (e) his/her source of income and full details of present Monthly/ Annual income; (f) whether he/she is married/ unmarried; (g) number of Children, their ages, and their educational expenses; (h) details of his/her income tax; projections tax/fees payable annually; (i) the educational qualifications of candidate.]5 [Qualifications 13-C A person shall not be qualified for being chosen as and for being a member for election of unless,- member (a) he is an elector for any ward in the [municipality]1; (b) in the case a seat reserved for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes or the women, he is a person belonging to the said category, as the case may be ; (c) He has attained the age of twenty one years.]2 (d) [***]7 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12of 1994. 2. Omitted by section 93 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4. Ins. by section 46 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 4 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. 193 6. Added by section 2 of Uttarakhand Act No. 11 of 2003. 7. Omitted by section 4 of Uttarakhand Act No. 03 of 2008. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 13D] [Disqualification 13-D A persons, notwithstanding that he is otherwise qualified shall be for membership disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a [Municipality]3 if he,- 1[[(a) is a dismissed servant of a local authority and is debarred from re-employment thereunder; or (aa) having held any office under the Government of India or the Government of any State has been dismissed for corruption or disloyalty to the State unless a period of six years has elapsed since his dismissal; or]2 (b) is debarred from practising as a legal practitioner by order of any competent authority; or (c) holds any place of profit in the gift or disposal of the [municipality]3; or (d) is disqualified under Section 27 or 41; or [[(e) he has more than two living children of whom one is born after expiry of 300 days from the date of notification of this part; or, ]5 (f) is in the service of the State or the Central Government or any local authority, or is a District Government Counsel or an Additional or Assistant District Government Counsel or and Honorary Magistrate or an Honorary Munsif or Honorary Assistant Collector; or (g) is in arrears in the payment of Municipal Tax or other dues in excess of one year’s demand to which Section 166 applies; or [(h) has been convicted of any offence against a woman or,]5 (i) is an undischarged insolvent; or (ii) has been convicted of any offence punishable with imprisonment under Section 171-E or an offence punishable under Section 171-F of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Act No. 45 of 1860); or (j) has been sentenced to imprisonment for contravention of any order under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, or the Uttar Pradesh Control of Supplies (Temporary Powers) Act, 1947 (U.P. Act II of 1947), as re-enacted by the Uttar Pradesh Control of Supplies (Temporary Powers) Act, 1953 (U.P. Act XXXVII of 1953) or for an offence which is declared by the State Government to involve such moral turpitude as to render him unfit to be a member, or has been ordered to execute a bond for good behavior in consequence of proceedings under Section 109 or 110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, such sentence or order not having been subsequently reversed: 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Substituted by section 5 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 15 of 1983. 3. Substituted by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 194 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5. Subs. by section 6 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 13D] Provided that in cases of (a) and (b) the disqualification may be removed by an order of the State Government in this behalf : Provided further that in the case of (g), the disqualification shall cease as soon as the arrears are paid : Provided also that in case of (j),- (i) the disqualification shall cease on the expiry of the five years from the date of his release or from the date of the expiry of the period for which he is required to execute a bond for good behavior, as the case may be; and (ii) the disqualification shall not in the case of a person who is, on the date of the disqualification, a member of the Municipality take effect until three months have elapsed from the date of such disqualification or if within these three months an appeal or petition for revision is brought in respect of conviction or order until that appeal or petition is disposed of.]2 [Explanation.-- A Government treasurer shall not be deemed to be in the service of the State or of the Central Government within the meaning of clause (f).]1 [(k) is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of elections to the legislature of the State : Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than twenty five years of age, if he has attained the age of twenty one year.]3 [(l) has an interest or share, in a publication where in advertisement regarding activities of the municipalities can be published or, (m) is a paid employee of any institution, receiving financial aid from the municipalities or, (n) the person or any member of his/her family or his/her legal heir is in unauthorized occupation of any land or building owned or managed by the municipality/Government or a public road or pavement, canal, drain, or is a beneficiary of such unauthorized occupation; or, (o) is a representative or office bearer of any federation or union of any cadre or class of employees of the municipality; or (p) has been convicted of any offence involving violation of any Act, Rules, Sub rules, regulation and Govt. orders relating to Municipality and has been found guilty or working against the interest of the municipality.]5 [(q) is a candidate from more than one ward]6 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3. Added by section 94 (b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 195 5. Subs. by section 6 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. 6. Added by section 5 of Uttarakhand Act No. 03 of 2008. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 13E-13G] [Right to vote 13-E (1) No person who is not, and except as expressly provided by this Act, every person who is for the time being entered in the electoral roll of any ward shall be entitled to vote in that ward. (2) No person shall vote at an election in any ward if he is subject to any of the disqualifications referred to in Section 12-D (3) No person shall vote at a general election in more than one ward and if a person votes in more than one such ward, his votes in all such wards shall be void. (4) No person shall at any election vote in the same ward more than once, notwithstanding that his name may have been registered in the electoral roll for that ward more than once, and if he does so vote, all his votes in that ward shall be void. (5) No person shall vote at any election if he is confined in a prison whether under a sentence of imprisonment or transportation or otherwise, or is in the lawful custody of the Police : Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to a person subject to preventive detention under any law for the time being in force.]1 [Procedure of 13-F. Wherever an election takes place in any ward, voting shall be either through voting secret ballot or voting machine and there shall be no proxy voting.]4 [Order regarding 13-G In so for as provision with respect to any matter as not made by this Act, the conduct of State Election Commission]2 may, by order, make provision with respect to the elections following matters concerning conduct of elections, that is to say,- (a) issue of notifications for general elections; (b) the appointment, powers and duties of Returning Officers, Assistant Returning Officers, Presiding Officers and Polling Officers and clerks; (c) appointment of dates for nomination, scrutiny, withdrawal and polling; (d) the manner of presentation and the form of nomination paper, the requirements for a valid nomination, scrutiny of nominations and withdrawal of candidature; (e) appointment and duties of election agents, polling agents and counting agents; 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Insertion by section 96 (a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 196 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4. Subs. by section 7 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 13 H] (f) procedure at general elections including death of candidate before poll, procedure in contested and uncontested elections, [***]1; (g) identification of voters; (h) hours of polling; (i) adjournment of poll and fresh poll; (j) manner of voting at elections; (k) scrutiny and counting of votes including recount of votes and procedure to be followed in case of equality of votes and declaration of results; (l) the notification of the names of the members elected for the various wards of the municipality and the due constitution of the Municipality; (m) return of forfeiture of deposits; (n) manner in which votes are to be given by the presiding officers, polling agents or any other person who being an elector for a ward is authorized or appointed for duty at a polling station at which he is not entitled to vote; (o) the procedure to be followed in respect of the tender of vote by person representing himself to be an elector after another person has voted as such elector; (p) the safe custody of ballot boxes, ballot papers and other election papers, the period for which such papers shall be preserved and the inspection and production of such papers, and (q) generally on all matters relating to conduct of elections. Bye- elections 13-H (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) of Section 13-I, when the seat of a member, elected to a Municipality becomes vacant or is declared vacant or his election is declared void, [the State Election Commission shall in consultation with the State Government]2 by a notification in the Official Gazette, call upon the ward concerned to elect a person for the purpose of filling the vacancy caused before such date as may be specified in the notification and the provisions of this Act and of the Rules and Orders made thereunder, shall apply, as far as may be, in relation to the election of member to fill such vacancy. (2) If the vacancy so caused be a vacancy in a seat reserved in any such ward for the Scheduled Castes, [the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes or the women]3 the notification issued under sub-section (1) shall specify that the person to fill that seat shall belong to the Scheduled Castes [the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes or the women, as the case may be]3. 1. Omitted by section 96 (b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Ins. by section 97 (a) ibid. 197 3. Subs. by section 97 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 13I-13K] Certain casual 13-I Where a vacancy occurs on a [Municipality]2 by reason of death, vacancies not to resignation, removal or avoidance of an election of the elected member and the be filled term of office of that member would, in the ordinary course of events, have determined within one year of the occurrence of the vacancy, [such vacancy may be left unfilled]3. [Electoral 13-J (1) The provisions of Sections 125, 126, 127, 127-A,128,129,130, 131 132, offences 134, 134-A, 135, [135-A]7 and 136 of Chapter III of Part VII of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, shall have effect as if,- (a) the references therein to an election were a reference to an election held under this Act; (b) for the word “constituency” the word “ward” had been substituted; (bb) In Section 127-A in sub-section (2) in clause (b) in sub- section (i), for the words “the Chief Electoral Officer” the words [Chief Election Officer (Urban Local Bodies)]6 had been substituted; (c) [***]8 (d) In Sections 134 and 136 for the words “by or under this Act” the words “by or under the Uttar Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1916” had been substituted. (2) If [Chief Election Officer (Urban Local Bodies)]6, has reason to believe that any offence punishable under Section 129 or Section 134 or Section134 –A or under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of Section 136 of the said chapter has been committed in reference to any election to a [Municipality]2, it shall be the duty of the [Chief Election Officer (Urban local Bodies)]6 to cause such inquiries to be made and such prosecutions to be instituted as the circumstances of the case may appear to him to require. (3) No Court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under Section 129 or under Section 134 or under Section 134-A or under clause (a) of sub- section (2) of Section 136 unless there is a complaint made by order or under authority from the [Chief Election Officer (Urban Local Bodies)]6.]1 [Jurisdiction of 13-K (1) No Civil Court shall have jurisdiction,- Civil Courts (a) to entertain or adjudicate upon any question whether any person is or is not entitled to be registered in an electoral roll of a ward; or [(b) to question the legality of any action taken by or under the authority of the State Election Commission in respect of preparation or publication of electoral roll; or]4 1. Substituted by section 16 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 35 of 1978. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 98 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 100 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 6. Subs. by section 47 (a) ibid. 198 7. Ins. by section 47 (b) ibid. 8. Omitted by section 4 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 3 of 1996. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 14-19] (c) to question the legality of any action taken or any decision given this Act in connection with an election. (2) No election shall be called in question except by an election petition presented in accordance with the provisions of this Act.]1 14. [***]2 15. [***]2 16. [***]2 17. [***]2 18. [***]2 Election petitions Power to question 19. (1) The election of any person as a member of a [Municipality]3 may be municipal election questioned by an election petition on the ground- by petition (a) that such person committed during or in respect of the election proceedings a corrupt practice as defined in Section 28; (b) that such person was declared to be elected by reason of the improper rejection or admission of one or more votes, or any other reason was not duly elected by a majority of lawful votes; (c) that such person was not qualified to be nominated as a candidate for election or that the nomination paper of the petitioner was improperly rejected. (2) The election of any person as a member of a [ Municipality]3 shall not be questioned,- (a) on the ground that the name of any person qualified to vote has been omitted from, or the name of any person not qualified to vote has been inserted in the electoral roll or rolls;

(b) on the ground of any non-compliance with this Act or any rule, or of any mistake in the forms required thereby, or of any error, irregularity or informality in the part of the officer or officers charged with carrying out this Act or any rules, unless such non-compliance, mistake, error, irregularity or informality has materially affected the result of the election. 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Omitted by above section. 199 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 20-21] [Form and 20. (1) An election petition shall be presented within 30 days after the day on presentation of which the result of the election sought to be questioned is announced by the election petitions Returning Officer, and shall specify the ground or grounds on which the election of the respondent is questioned and shall contain a concise statement of the material facts on which the petitioner relies and set forth the full particulars of any corrupt practices that the petitioner alleges, including as full a statement as possible of the names of the parties alleged to have committed such corrupt practices and the dates and place of the commission of each such practice. (2) The petition shall be signed by the petitioner and verified in the manner laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (V of 1908), for the verification of pleadings. (3) The petition may be presented by any candidate in whose favour votes have been recorded and who claims in the petition to be declared elected in the room of the person whose election is questioned or by ten or more electors of the municipality or by a person who claims that his nomination paper was improperly rejected. (4) The person whose election is questioned and , where the petitioner claims that any other candidate should be declared elected in the room of such person, every unsuccessful candidate who is not a petitioner in the petition shall be made a respondent to the petition.]1 [(5) The petition shall be presented to the District Judge exercising jurisdiction in the area in which the municipality, to which the election petition relates, is situate: Provided that the petition shall not be entertained by the District Judge, unless it is accompanied by a treasury challan showing that the prescribed security has been deposited.]2 [Recriminatory 21. (1) Where in an election petition a declaration that any candidate other proceedings than the returned candidate has been duly elected is claimed, the returned candidate or any other party may give evidence to prove that the election of such other candidate would have been void if he had been the retuned candidate and a petition had been presented calling in question his election : Provided that the returned candidate or such other party shall not be entitled to give such evidence unless he has within twenty-one days from the date of the service upon him of the notice of the election petition, given notice to the election tribunal of his intention to do so and has also deposited the security prescribed in the case of an election petition questioning the election of a member. (2) Every notice referred to in sub-section (1) shall be accompanied by a statement of ground or grounds and of material facts and full particulars required by Section 20 in the case of an election petition and shall be signed and verified in like manner]. 1. Substituted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 200 2. Subs. by section 10 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 17 of 1982. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 22-23] [Hearing of 22. (1) An election petition not complying with the provisions of Section 20 or election upon which the requisite court-fee has not been paid at the time of presentation petition]2 or with in such further time not exceeding fourteen days as the [District Judge]3, as the case may be, may have granted, shall be rejected by such Judge. [(2) An election petition not rejected under sub-section (1) shall be heard by the District Judge.]4 Procedure 23. Except so far as may be otherwise provided by this Act or by rule, the procedure provided in the Civil Procedure Code (Act V of 1908) in regard to suits, shall , so far as it is not inconsistent with this Act or any rule and so far as it can be made applicable, be followed in the hearing of election petitions : Provided that,- (a) two or more persons whose election is called in question may be made respondents to the same petition, and their cases may be tried at the same time , and any two or more election petitions may be heard together; but, so far as is consistent with such joint trial or hearing, the petition shall be deemed to be separate petition against each respondent; (b) the [District Judge]5 shall not be required to record or have recorded the evidence in full, but shall make a memorandum of the evidence sufficient in its option for the purpose of deciding the case; (c) the [District Judge]5 may, at any stage of the proceeding, require the petitioner to give further security for the payment of all costs incurred or likely to be incurred by any respondent; (d) the [District Judge]5 for the purpose of deciding any issue, shall only be bound to require the production of, or to receive so much evidence, oral or documentary, as it considers necessary; (e) during the hearing of the case the [District Judge]5 may refer a question of law to the High Court under Order XLVI of the First Schedule of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908(Act V of 1908) but there shall be no appeal either in a question of law or fact, and no application in revision against or in respect of the decision of the [District Judge]5; (f) any person considering himself aggrieved by the decision may apply for review to the [District Judge]5 within thirty days from the date of the decision and the [District Judge]5 may thereupon review the decision on any point; [Provided that in computing the period of limitation the provision of sub-section (2) of Section 12 of the Limitation Act, 1963 shall apply.]1 1. Added by section 17 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 35 of 1978. 2. Subs. by section 11(a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 17 of 1982. 3. Substituted by section 11 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 11 (c) ibid. 201 5. Substituted by section 12 ibid. 6. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]7 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 23A-26] 23-A [***]3 [Provisions as to 24. An order for costs or an order for the realization of a security bond for costs costs passed by the District Judge in an election petition under this Act may be sent by him for execution to the Collector of the district in which the municipality concerned is situated and order so sent shall be executed by the Collector in the same manner as if it were in respect of arrears of land revenue.]4 Finding of [the 25. [(1) If the [District Judge]5, after making such enquiry as it deems District Judge]4 necessary, finds in respect of any person whose election is called in question by a petition, that his election was valid, it shall dismiss the petition as against such order for return or forfeiture of the security or part thereof as he may deem fit.]2 (2) If the [District Judge]5 finds that the election of any person was invalid, or that nomination paper of the petitioner was improperly rejected, it shall either,- (a) declare a casual vacancy to have been created; or (b) declare another candidate to have been duly elected, whichever course appears, in the particular circumstances of the case, the more appropriate, and in either case may award costs at its discretion. (3) [***]1 Avoidance of 26. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding section if the election [District judge]5 in the course of hearing an election petition is of the opinion proceedings that the evidence discloses that corrupt practices at the election proceedings in question have prevailed to such an extent as to render it avisable to set aside the whole proceedings, it shall pass a conditional order to this effect and give notice thereof to every candidate declared elected who has not already been made a party in the case calling upon him to show cause why such conditional order should not be made final. (2) Thereupon every such candidate may appear and show cause, and may have recalled, for the purpose of putting question to him, any witness who has appeared in the case. (3) The [District judge]5 shall thereafter either cancel the conditional order or make it absolute, in which case it shall direct the [Municipality]6 to take measures for holding fresh election proceedings. Explanation.- In this clause the expressions “the election proceedings in questions” and the “whole proceedings” shall mean all proceedings (inclusive of nomination and declaration of election) taken in respect of a single poll, whether the poll be for the purpose of selecting one or more persons to represent a ward or otherwise. 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Subs. by section 18 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 35 of 1978. 3. Omitted by section 13 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 17 of 1982. 4. Substituted by section 14 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 15 and 16 ibid. 202 6. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 7. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 27-29 A] Disqualification 27. (1) The [District Judge]2 may declare any candidate found to have of corrupt committed any corrupt practice to be incapable, for any period not exceeding practice five years, of being elected as a member of the [Municipality]3 or of being appointed or retained in any office or place in the guilt or disposal of the [Municipality]3 : Provided that no such declaration shall be made about any candidate who was not a party to the election petition or who was not given an opportunity of being heard under section 26. Corrupt practices 28. A person shall be deemed to have committed a corrupt practice who, directly or indirectly, by himself or by any other person- (i) induces or attempts to induce, by fraud, intentional mis- representation, coercion or threat of injury, any voter to give or to refrain from giving a vote in favour of any candidate; (ii) with a view to inducing any voter to give or to refrain from giving a vote in favor of any candidate, offers or gives any money, or valuable consideration, or any place, or employment, or holds out any profit or individual advantage or profit to any person; (iii) gives or procures the giving of a vote in the mane of a voter who is not the person giving such vote; (iv) abets [within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code the doing of any of the acts specified in Clauses (i),(ii) and (iii); [(v) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or elector to believe that he, or any person in whom he is interested, will become or will be rendered an object to divine displeasure or spiritual censure; (vi) canvasses on grounds of caste, community, sect or religion; (vii) commits such other practice as the [State Government], may by rule prescribe to be corrupt practice.] Explanation.-A “promise of individual advantage of profit to a person” includes a promise for the benefit of the person himself, or of any one in whom he is interested, but does not include a promise to vote for or against any particular municipal measure. 29. [***]1 29-A [***] 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Subs. by section 17 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 17 of 1982. 203 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 30-31 B] Control of Municipality [Power of State 30. If at any time the State Government is satisfied that a municipality Government to persistently makes or any other law for the time being in force or exceeds or dissolve the abuses more than once its powers, it may, after having given the municipality a municipality reasonable opportunity to show cause why such order should not be made, by order, published with the reasons there for in the Official Gazette, dissolve the municipality.]2 31. [***]3 [Consequences 31-A Where a municipality is dissolved under Section 30, the following of dissolution of consequences shall follow : municipality (a) All members of the municipality including the President shall, but without prejudice to the order, vacate their offices as such but without prejudice to their eligibility for re-election or re-nomination; (b) Until the constitution of the new municipality- (i) All powers, functions and duties of the municipality, its President and Committees shall be vested in and be exercised, performed and discharged by such person or persons as the State Government may appoint in that behalf and such person or persons, shall be deemed in law to be the municipality, the President or the Committee, as the occasion may require; (ii) Such salary and allowances of such person or persons as the State Government may by general or special order in that behalf fix, shall be paid out of Municipal fund; (iii) The State Government may, from time to time, by notification in the Official Gazette, make such incidental or consequential provisions, including provisions for adapting, altering or modifying any provisions of this Act, without affecting the substance, as may appear to it to be necessary or expedient for carrying out the purposes of this section.]4 Director of Local 31-B (1) The State Government shall appoint an officer to be the Director of Bodies Local Bodies, Uttar Pradesh. (2) In addition to the function expressly assigned to him by or under this Act, the Director shall exercise such powers of the State Government in relation to the affairs of a [Municipality] (not being powers under Section 30) as the State Government may, by notification in the Gazette, and subject to such conditions and restrictions (including the conditions of review by itself) as may be specified in such notification, delegate to him.]1 1. Added by section 26 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 2. Subs. by section 102 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Omitted by section 103 ibid. 204 4. Subs. by section 104 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 32-34 ] Supervision by 32. The [Prescribed Authority] may,- Prescribed (a) inspect, or cause to be inspected, by an officer not below the rank Authority of a Sub-Divisional Officer, any immovable property used or occupied by a [Municipality]3 or Joint Committee or any work in progress under the direction of a [Municipality]3 or of such committee; (b) by order in writing call for and inspect a book of document in the possession or under the control of a [Municipality]3 or of such committee; (c) by order in writing require a [Municipality]3 or such committee to furnish such statements, accounts, reports or copies of documents, relating to the proceedings or duties of the [Municipality]3 or committee, as it thinks fit to call for; and (d) record in writing for the consideration of a [Municipality]3 or of such committee, any observation as it thinks proper in regard to the proceedings or duties of the [Municipality]3 or committee. Inspection of 33. A work, or institution, constructed or maintained, in whole or part at the municipal works expense of a [Municipality]3, and all registers, books, accounts or other and institution by documents relating thereto, shall at all times be open to inspection by such Government officers officers as the State Government appoints in this behalf. Power of the 34. (1) The Prescribed Authority may, by order in writing, prohibit the State execution or further execution of a resolution or order passed or made under this Government or or any other enactment by a [Municipality]3 or a committee of a Joint Committee the Prescribed if in its opinion such resolution or order is of a nature to cause or tend to cause Authority or the obstruction, annoyance or injury to the public or to any class or body or persons District lawfully employed and may prohibit the doing or continuance by any person of Magistrate to any act in pursuance for or under cover of such resolution or order. prohibit execution or [(1-A) The District Magistrate may, within the limits of his district, by order further execution in writing, prohibit the execution or further execution of a resolution or order of resolution or passed or made under this or any other enactment by a [Municipality]3 or a order of committee of a [Municipality]3 or a Joint Committee or any officer or servant of [Municipality]3 a [Municipality]3 or of a Joint Committee if in his opinion such resolution or order is of a nature to cause or tend to cause danger to human life, health or safety, or a riot or affray, and may prohibit the doing or continuance by any person of any act, in pursuance of or under cover of such resolution or order. (1-B) The State Government may, of its own motion or on report or complaint received by order prohibit the execution or further execution of a resolution or order passed or made under this or any other enactment by a [Municipality]3 or a committee of a [Municipality]3 or a Joint Committee or any officer or servant of a [Municipality]3 or a committee, if in its opinion such resolution or order is prejudicial to the public interest, [or has been passed or made in abuse of powers or in flagrant breach of any provision of any law for the time being in force,]2 and may prohibit the doing or continuance by any person of any act in pursuance of or under cover of such resolution or order.]1 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Ins. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 205 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 35-36] [(2) Where an order is made under sub-section (1) or (1-A) [***]2, a copy thereof with a statement of the reasons for making it, shall forthwith be forwarded by the Prescribed Authority or the District Magistrate through the Prescribed Authority, as the case may be, to the State Government which bay thereupon, if it thinks fit, rescind or modify the order. (3) [***]3 (4) Where the execution or further execution of a resolution or order is prohibited by an order made under sub-section (1),(1-A) or (1-B) and continuing in force, it shall be the duty of the [Municipality], if so required by the authority making the order under the said sub-sections to take any action which it would have been entitled to take, if the resolution or order had never been made or passed, and which is necessary for preventing any person from doing or continuing to do anything under cover of the resolution or order of which the further execution is prohibited. Power of the State 35. (1) If at any time, upon representation made or otherwise, it appears to the Government and [State Government]4 that [a Municipality]4 has made default in performing a Prescribed duty imposed on it by or under this or any other enactment, or in carrying out Authority in case any order made or direction issued by the State Government in exercise of any of default of power conferred by this Act or any other enactment the State Government [***]4 Municipality may (after calling for an explanation from the Municipality and considering any objection by the [Municipality to action being taken under this section), by order in writing fix a period for the performance of that duty or the carrying out of that order or direction. (2) If that duty is not performed or the order or direction is not carried out] within the period so fixed, the State Government [***]4 may appoint the District Magistrate [or any officer not below the rank of a Deputy Collector to perform it and may direct that the expense (if any) of performing the duty or executing the order or direction shall be paid, within such time as may be fixed, to the District Magistrate by the Municipality. (3) If the expense is not so paid the District Magistrate, with the previous sanction of the State Government [***]4 may make an order directing the person having the custody of the Municipal fund to pay the expense from such fund. Extraordinary 36. (1) In case of emergency the District Magistrate may with the permission of powers of the Prescribed Authority provide for the execution of any work or the doing of District any act which the Municipality is empowered to execute or do and of which the Magistrate in immediate execution or doing, is in his opinion, necessary [for the safety, case of protection or convenience of the public]1 and may direct that the expense of emergency executing the work of doing the act shall be forthwith paid by the Municipality. 1. Ins. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Omitted by section 105(a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Omitted by section 105 (b) ibid. 206 4. Omitted and subs. by section 106 (a) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 37-40] (2) If the expense is not so paid, the District Magistrate may make an order directing the person having the custody of the Municipal fund to pay the expense from such fund. (3) The District Magistrate shall forthwith report to the Prescribed Authority every case in which he uses the powers conferred on him by this section. Municipal members Prohibition of 37. No member or President of a Municipality shall be granted any remuneration to remuneration or travelling allowance by the Municipality except with the members and sanction of State Government or in accordance with rules made in this behalf. President Term of office of 38. (1) The term of office of a member elected [or nominated]3 to fill a casual members elected vacancy or a vacancy remaining unfilled at the general election shall begin upon [or nominated]2 the declaration of his election [or nomination]4 under the Act and shall be the to fill casual remainder of the term of the Municipality. vacancies (1-a) - (5) [***]1 38-A [***]1 [Resignation of 39. If a member of a Municipality other than the President resigns by writing members under his hand addressed to the State Government, his seat shall thereupon become vacant. The resignation shall be delivered at the office of the District Magistrate of the district, in which the municipality is situated who shall forthwith inform the President and shall forward the resignation to State Government. Removal of 40. (1) The State Government [***]5 may remove a member of the members Municipality on any of the following grounds,- (a) that he has absented himself from the meetings of the Municipality for more than three consecutive months or three consecutive meetings whichever is the longer period, without obtaining sanction from the Municipality : Provided that the period during which the member was in jail as an under trial, detenue or as a political prisoner, shall not be taken into account; (b) that he has incurred any of the disqualifications mentioned in Sections 12-D and 13-D; (c) that he has within the meaning of Section 82, knowingly acquired or continued to hold, directly or indirectly, or by a partner, and share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature in any contract by or on behalf of the Municipality; 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 17 of 1934. 2. Ins. by section 107 (a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Ins. by section 107 (b) ibid. 4. Ins. by section 107 (c) ibid. 207 5. Omitted by section 108 (a) ibid. 6. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]7 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 40] (d) that he has knowingly acted as a member in a matter other than a matter referred to in Section 82 in which he or a partner had, directly or indirectly a personal interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature or in which he was professionally interested on behalf of a client principal or other person; (e) That he being a legal practitioner has during the term of his membership acted or appeared in any suit or other proceeding on behalf of any person against the Municipality or against the State Government in respect of nazul and entrusted to the management of the Municipality of acted or appeared for or on behalf of any person against whom a criminal proceeding has been instituted by or on behalf of the Municipality; (f) That he has abandoned his ordinary place of residence in or has voluntarily or otherwise transferred his residence from the municipal area concerned, unless the member himself resigns his seat within three months of such abandonment or transfer; (g) that he has been guilty of persistent misbehaviour or disorderly at meetings of the Municipality and a complaint to that effect is made to the State Government by the President or any other member ; or [(h) That he has been guilty of any other misconduct whether as member or as Vice-President or President or as Vice-president exercising the powers of President whether committed before or after the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local Self-Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976.]1 (2) [***]3 [(3) The State Government may remove from the Municipality a member who, in its opinion, while being a member during the current or the last preceding terms of the Municipality, acting as President or a Vice-President, or a Vice-President, or Chairman of a Committee or member, or in any other capacity whatsoever, has, whether, before, or after the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local Self-Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976, so flagrantly abused his position, or so willfully contravened any of the provisions of this Act or any rule, regulation or bye-law, or caused such loss or damage to the fund or property of the Municipality, as to render him unfit to continue as a member.]2 (4) Provided that [when the State Government]4 proposes to take action under the foregoing provisions of this section, an opportunity of explanation shall be given to the member concerned, and when such action is taken the reasons therefor shall be placed on record. (5) [***]5 [(6) Without prejudice to any of the foregoing powers, the State Government may on any of the grounds referred to in sub-section (1), instead of removing the member give him a warning.]6 1. Subs. by section 27 (a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 2. Subs. by section 27 (b) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 108 (b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 108 (c) ibid. 5. Omitted by section 108 (d) ibid 6. Subs. by section 108 (e) ibid 7. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 208 [ The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 41-43] Disabilities of 41. (1) A member removed under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of the preceding members section shall, if otherwise qualified, be eligible for further election or removed under nomination. Section 40 (2) A member removed under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of the preceding section shall not be so eligible [unless his disqualification no longer exists. (3) A member removed under sub-section (3) of the preceding section shall not be so eligible for a period of five years from the date of his removal: Provided that the State Government may for sufficient reason exempt any person from his disability. (4) A member removed under any other provision of the preceding section shall not be so eligible until he is declared for reasons to be specified to be no longer ineligible, and he may be so declared, by an order of the State Government [***]3 42. [***]1 President and Vice-President Election of 43. (1) The President of the municipality shall be elected on the basis of adult President suffrage by the electors in the municipal area, (2) An outgoing President shall be eligible for re-election. (3) The provision of this Act and the rules framed thereunder in relation to election (including disputes relating to election and electoral offences) of a member shall, mutatis mutandis, apply in relation to election of the President, (4) If in a general election a person is elected both as member and President of the municipality or being a member of the municipality is elected President thereof in any bye-election, he shall, except as provided in Section 49, cease to be a member from the date of his election as President.]4 [Bar on simul- 43-A No person shall be at the same time the President or Vice-President both of taneously holding a [Municipality] and any other local authority : the post of President or Vice- Provided that if a person is elected to any such or similar office of more President in than one local authority, he shall, at his option, continue to hold the office in one different local local authority and resign from other within a prescribed period. authorities Qualification for 43-AA [(1) A person shall not be qualified to be chosen as President of a President-ship Municipality unless he,- (a) is an elector for any ward [in the municipal area]5; (b) has attained the age of thirty years on the date of his nomination as a candidate for election to the office of President.]2 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2. Subs. by section 20 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 35 of 1978. 3. Omitted by section 109 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 110 ibid. 209 5. Subs. by section 111 ibid. 6. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]7 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 42B-42BB] (2) A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, President of a [Municipality] if he- (a) is or has become subject to any of the disqualifications [mentioned in clauses (a) to (g) and (i) to (k)]3 of Section 13-D and the disqualification has not ceased or been removed under the said section; or (b) [***]2 (3) [***]1 43-B [***]5 Transfer of 43-BB (1) On the application of any party to an election petition presented under petition sub-section (5) of Section 20 [***]6, and after notice to the other parties thereto, and after hearing such of them as desire to be heard, or of its own motion, without such notice, the High Court may at any stage,- (a) transfer an election petition pending before a District Judge for trial to any other District Judge; or (b) re-transfer the same for trial to the District Judge from whom it was withdrawn. (2) The District Judge may at any stage transfer an election petition pending before him under this Act to an Additional District Judge and may withdraw any election petition pending before an Additional District Judge and,- (i) transfer or dispose of the same; or (ii) transfer the same for trial or disposal to any other Additional District Judge; or (iii) re-transfer the same for trial or disposal to the Court from which it was withdrawn. (3) Where any election petition has been transferred or re-transferred under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the District Judge or the Additional District Judge, who thereafter tries such petition, may, subject to any direction in the order of transfer to the contrary, proceed from the point at which it was transferred or re-transferred : Provided that he may, if he thinks fit, recall and re-examine any of the witnesses already examined.] 1. Added by section 43-A to 43-AA of U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 3. Subs. by section 111 (b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 111 (c) ibid. 5. Omitted by section 112 ibid. 6. Omitted by section 113 ibid. 7. Subs. by section 32 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 8. Subs. by section 8 of Uttarakhand Act No. 13 of 2002. 210 [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 43C-43D] Power of [the 43-C [In so far as provision with respect to any of the following matters is not State Election made by this Act or the rules made thereunder, the State Election Commission Commission] to may] by order, make provision with respect to the following matters concerning make order the conduct of [***]3 election of President, that is to say,- regarding election of (a) the appointment, powers and duties of Returning Officers; President (b) appointment of dates for nomination, scrutiny, withdrawal and polling; (c) the manner of presentation and the form of nomination paper, the requirements for a valid nomination, scrutiny of nominations and withdrawal of candidature; (d) procedure at election, including death of candidate before poll and procedure of contested and uncontested elections; (e) hours of polling and adjournment of poll; (f) manner of voting at elections; (g) scrutiny and counting of votes including re-counting of votes and procedure to be followed in case of equality of votes; (h) declaration and notification of results; (i) deposit of security with nomination and return and forfeiture thereof; (j) to (r) [***]4 ]2 [Oath of 43-D (1) The President and every member of a [Municipality] shall, before taking allegiance and his seat, make and subscribe at a meeting of the [Municipality] an oath or office affirmation of his allegiance to the Constitution in the following form :- “I . A, B., having been elected a member/President of this Municipality do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, and that I will faithfully and consciously discharge the duties upon which I an about to enter.” (2) The President or the member who fails to make, within three months of the date on which his term of office commences or at any one of the first three meetings of the [Municipality], held after the said date, whichever is later, unless this period is extended by the District Magistrate, the oath or affirmation laid down in and required to be taken by sub-section (1) shall cease to hold his office and his seat shall be deemed to have become vacant. 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 26 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 20 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 17 of 1982. 3. Omitted by section 114 (b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Omitted by section 114 (c) ibid. 211 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 6. Subs. by section 48 ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]9 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 44-47A] (3) Any person required under sub-section (1) to make an oath or affirmation shall not take his seat at a meeting of the Municipality or do any act as member or President of the Municipality unless he has made and subscribed an oath or affirmation as laid down under sub-section (1).]3 44. [***]2 Bye-election of 44-A If a casual vacancy occurs in the office of the President owning to death or President resignation or any other cause, the President shall be elected as soon as may be thereafter, but not later than three months from the date of occurrence of the said vacancy, in the manner provided in Section 43.]6 45. [***]5 [Term of office 46. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the term of office of a of a President President shall be co-terminus with the term of the Municipality. (2) The term of office of a President elected in a casual vacancy shall be the remainder of the term of office of his predecessor.]4 46-A [***]1 Resignation of 47. [(1) A President of a municipality wishing to resign may forward his written President resignation through the District Magistrate to the State Government.]7 (2) On receipt by the Municipality of information that the resignation has been accepted by the [State Government]8 such President shall be deemed to have vacated his office. 47-A [***]10 Removal of 48. (1) [***]2 President 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 5 of 1932. 2. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 3. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 77 of 1964. 4. Subs. by section 30 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 5. Omitted by section 21 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 35 of 1978. 6. Subs. by section 115 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 7. Subs. by section 116 (a) ibid. 8. Subs. by section 116 (b) ibid. 9. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 212 10. Omitted by section 3 of Uttarakhand Act No. 11 of 2005. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 48] (2) Where the State Government has, at any time, reason to believe that,- (a) There has been a failure in the part of the President in performing his duties; or (b) the President has- (i) incurred any of the disqualifications mentioned in Sections 12-D and 43-AA; or (ii) within the meaning of Section 82 knowingly acquired or continued to have, directly or indirectly or by a partner, any share or interest, whether pecuniary or any other nature in any contract or employment with by or on behalf of the Municipality; or (iii) knowingly acted as a President or as a member in a matter other than a matter referred to in clauses (a) to (g) of sub-section (2) of Section 82, in which he has, directly or indirectly, or by a partner, any share or interest whether pecuniary or of any other nature, or in which he was professionally interested on behalf of a client, principal or other person; or (iv) being a legal practitioner acted or appeared in any suit or other proceeding on behalf of any person against the Municipality or against the State Government in respect of nazul land entrusted to the management of the Municipality or against the State Government in respect of nazul land entrusted to the management of the Municipality, or acted or appeared for or on behalf of any person against whom a criminal proceeding has been instituted by or on behalf of the Municipality; or (v) abandoned his ordinary place of residence in the municipal area concerned; or (vi) been guilty of misconduct in the discharge of his duties; or [(vii) during the current or the last preceding term of the Municipality, acting as President or Vice-President, or as Chairman of a Committee, or as member or in any other capacity whatsoever, whether before or after the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local Self-Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976, so flagrantly abused his position, or so willfully contravened any of the provisions of this Act or any rule, regulation or bye-law, or caused such loss of damage to fund or property of the Municipality as to render him unfit to continue to be President; or (viii) been guilty of any other misconduct whether committed before or after the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local Self-Government Laws (Amendment) Act 1976,whether as President or as Vice-President, exercising the powers of president, or as Vice- President, or as Vice-president, or as member;]3 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 213 2. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3. Subs. by section 31 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 49-50] [(ix) caused loss or damage to any property of the municipality; or (x) misappropriated or misused of Municipal fund; or (xi) acted against the interest of the municipality; or (xii) contravened the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder; or (xiii) created an obstacle in a meeting of the municipality in such manner that it becomes impossible for the municipality to conduct its business in the meeting or instigated some one to do so; or (xiv) willfully contravened any order or direction of the State Government given under this Act; or (xv) misbehaved without any lawful justification with the officers or employees of the municipality; or (xvi) disposed off any property belonging to the municipality for a price less than its market value; or (xvii) encroached, or assisted or instigated any other person to encroach upon the land, building or any other immovable property of the municipality.]6 (3) [***]3 [President to be 49. The President of a municipality shall be ex officio member of the member municipality.]4 Functions of a 50. The following powers, duties and functions of a [Municipality]2 may be [Municipality]2 exercised, and shall be performed or discharged, by the President of the that must be [Municipality]2 and [subject to the provisions of Sections 53 and 53-A]1 and not discharged by otherwise, namely,- the President (a) the powers vested in the President by Section 70, 74 and the provisions to Sections 75 and 76 to appoint , punish or dismiss servants of the [Municipality]2; (b) the determination, in accordance with any regulation in this behalf, of questions arising in respect of the service, transfer, leave, pay, privileges and allowances of servants of the [Municipality]2; (bb) general supervision over all officers and works of the [Municipality]2; (c) the submission to the Prescribed Authority under Section 32 of statements, accounts, reports, or copies of documents, and under sub-section (4) and (5) of Section 94 and sub-section (1) of Section 108 of copies of resolutions, passed by the [Municipality]2 or by a committee of the [Municipality]2; 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Omitted by section 118 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 119 ibid. 214 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 6. Subs. by section 4 (a) of Uttarakhand Act No. 11 of 2005. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 51-52] (d) such of the powers, duties and functions referred to in the third column of Schedule I as are delegated by the [Municipality]3 under Section 112 to the President; and (e) all other duties, powers and functions of a [Municipality]3 with the exception of,- (i) where there is an executive officer, those vested in an executive officer by Section 60 and where there is a medical officer of health, those vested in the medical officer of health by Section 60A; (ii) those specified in the second column of Schedule I; and (iii) those delegated by the [Municipality]3 under Section 112. Additional duties 51. It shall also be the duty and power of the President - of the President (a) unless provided otherwise by this Act or prevented by reasonable cause- (i) to convene and preside at all meetings of the [Municipality]3; (ii) [***]1 (iii) otherwise to control in accordance with any regulation made in this behalf the transaction of business at all meetings of the [Municipality]3; (b) to watch over the financial and superintendent the executive administration of the [Municipality]3 and bring to the notice of the [Municipality]3 any defect therein; and (c) to perform such other duties as are required of, or imposed on him by or under this or any other Act. [Authority to 51-A A President may address the State Government or any Department of the President to State Government on any question of general public interest in the manner address State prescribed.]2 Government on question of general public interest Power of 52. (1) The [Municipality]3 may require the President to furnish it with- [Municipality]3 to (a) any return, statement, estimate, statistics or other information require reports, etc, from regarding any matter appertaining to the administration of the President municipality; (b) a report or explanation on any such matter; and 1. Omitted by U.P. Act No. 13 of 1942. 215 2. Subs. by above section ibid. 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 53-54] (c) a copy of any record, correspondence or plan or other document which is in his possession or control as President or which is recorded or filed in his office or in the office of any municipal servant. (2) The President shall comply with every requisition made under sub- section (1) without unreasonable delay. (3) Nothing in this section or in any other provision of this Act shall be deemed to prevent the Municipality from making regulations authorizing and restrictions as may be prescribed in the regulations. Delegation by 53. (1) A President may empower, by general or special order, any Vice- President of his President to exercise under his control any one or more of his powers, duties or powers and functions except those specified in clauses (a) and (b) of Section 51. duties to the Vice-President (2) An order by the President under sub-section (1) may prescribe any condition, and impose any restrictions, n respect of the exercise of any powers, the performance of any duty or the discharge of any function. (3) In particular, such order may prescribe the condition that any order by [the Vice-President in the exercise of a power conferred on him by sub-section (1) shall be liable to rescission or revision by the President upon appeal to the President within a specified time. Delegation by 53-A (1) A President may empower by general or special order any servant of the President of Municipality to exercise under his control any one or more of the powers powers under specified in clause (a) of Section 50. clause (a) of Section 50 (2) An order of the President under sub-section (1) may prescribe any condition, and impose any restriction in respect of the exercise of any power. (3) Any order passed by a servant of the Municipality in the exercise of a power conferred on him under sub-section (1) shall be liable to rescission or revision by the President. Election, term of 54. (1) Every municipality shall have a Vice-President elected, as occasion office and arises, from amongst its elected members by the electorates consisting of resignation of President, elected members, ex officio members and nominated members of the Vice-President municipality and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot. [(2) The term of office of a Vice-President of any description shall be one year from the date of his election or the residue of his term of office as a member of the municipality, whichever is less.]1 216 1. Subs. by section 120 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 53-54] (3) Any Vice-President wishing to resign may intimate in writing his intention to do so to the President and on his resignation being accepted by the Municipality, he shall be deemed to have vacated his office.

[(4) The election of a Vice-President under sub-section (1), (2) and (3) shall be completed within there months from the date of the due constitution of the Municipalities as notified under Section 56 or from the date of occurrence of the vacancy, as the case may be.]2 1[Provision for 54-A [(1) Where a person on being elected President fails or refuses to function or is exercise of powers otherwise not able to function, or a casual vacancy occurs in the office of the President etc., of President in within the meaning of Section 44-A, and no Vice-President has been elected in accordance certain with this Act, or there is no Vice-President otherwise able to function, the powers and contingencies and functions of the President shall, until a President or Vice-President is able to function be procedure for exercised and performed by he Deputy Collector appointed by the District Magistrate in election of Vice- this behalf, and such officer shall be called the Administrator, [and all powers, functions President and duties of the President shall be vested in and be exercised, performed and discharged by him.]4 (2) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 54, the meeting for the election of the Vice-President shall be held at the office of the Board and on the date and time appointed by the District Magistrate. The notice of the meeting and the date of the Board at his place of residence seven clear days before the date fixed for the meeting. A copy of such notice shall also be published in such manner as the District Magistrate may direct and upon such publication, every member shall be deemed to have received the notice.]3 (3) The District Magistrate shall arrange with the District Judge for a stipendiary CiCivil Judicial Officer to preside at the meeting convened under this section, and no other p person shall preside over it . If within half an hourof the time appointed for the meeting, t the Judicial Officier is not present to preside at the meeting, the meeting shall adjourned to t the date and the time to be appointed and notified later to the members by that officer under susub-section (4). (4) If the Judicial Officer is unable to preside at the meeting, he may after recording his reasons adjourn the meeting to such other date and time as he may appoint but not later tthan seven days from the date appointed for the meeting under sub-section (2). He shall without delay communicate in writing to the District Magistrate the adjournment of the m meeting . It shall not be necessary to send notice of the date and the time of the adjourned m meeting to members individually but the District Magistrate shall give notice of the date and the time of the adjourned meeting by publication in the manner provided in sub-section (2). ( (5) Save as provided under sub-sections (3) and (4) the meeting convened under this section shall not be adjourned for any reason. 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 1 of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 32 (ii) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 3. Subs. by section 33 ibid. 4. Ins. by section 121 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 217 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 55-57] (6) As soon as the meeting convened under this section has commenced the Municipality shall proceed to elect the Vice-President . (7) The Judicial Officer shall not be entitled to vote at the election . (8) In case of equality of votes, the Judicial Officer shall decide by lot which of the candidates having equal votes is to be declared elected. (9) The Judicial Officer shall declare the result of the election at the meeting and shall forward a copy of the minutes of the meeting to the President and and the District Magistrate. Duties of Vice- 55. (1) [The Vice-President],- President (a) shall in the absence of the President from a meeting of the Municipality and unless prevented by reasonable cause, preside, regulate the conduct of business, and maintain and enforce order, at the meeting, and when so presiding any exercise the powers specified in Section 91; (b) shall, during a vacancy in the office of President or the incapacity or temporary absence of the President perform any other duty and, when occasion arises, exercise any other power of the President; (c) Shall at any time perform any duty and exercise when occasion arises, any power delegated to him by the President under Section 53. (2) Where there are two Vice-Presidents the duties and power specified in clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (1) shall be performed or may be exercised by the senior Vice-President and in his absence by the junior Vice-President and the duties and powers specified in clause (c) by whichever Vice-President is named in the order of delegation. [(3) The provisions of Section 48 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Vice- President in respect of the performance of any duty or exercise of any powers under this section.]1 Notification of 56. Every election and nomination of a member or President of a Municipality, elections, the due constitution of the Municipality, and every vacancy in the office of nominations and members or President shall be notified in the Official Gazette. vacancies The Executive Officer and Medical Officer of Health Power of 57. [(1) Every Municipality shall, unless the State Government either on its own [Municipality] to motion or on representation made by the Municipality, otherwise directs, appoint appoint and an Executive Officer by a special resolution : employ Executive officer and Medical Officer of Health 1. Omitted by section 23 of U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 218 [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 58-59] Provided that in every case in which such Municipality has at the time of the passing of the Act a Secretary but no Executive Officer, the Secretary shall be deemed to be the Executive Officer, until or unless he is duly replaced. (2) Every Municipality with an income if Rs. 50,000 per annum or over, shall, unless the State Government otherwise directs, employ a Medical Officer of Health who belongs to the [Uttar Pradesh Provincial Medical and Health Service,]2 and an Accountant who belongs to the State Accounts Service, on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the State Government: Provided that if the State Government expresses its inability to make available the services of a Medical Officer of Health belonging to the [Uttar Pradesh Provincial Medical and Health Service]2, the Municipality may appoint a temporary Medical Officer of Health by a special resolution. [(2-A) Every Municipality shall, if so required by the State Government, employ in addition to or in place of the Accountant, an Accounts Officer nominated by the State Government either severally or jointly with one or more than one Municipality or any other local authority on the terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the State Government, from time to time.]1 (3) Every appointment of an Executive Officer under sub-section (1) and of a Medical Officer of Health under the proviso to sun-section (2) made by a Municipality shall be subject to the prior approval of the State Government and their salaries and conditions of service shall be such as may be prescribed. Punishment, 58. (1) A Municipality may dismiss, remove or otherwise punish its Executive dismissal or Officer by a special resolution supported by not less than two third of the removal of members constituting the Municipality subject to his right of appeal to the State Executive officer Government, within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed : and transfer of Medical Officer Provided that the Municipality shall, in dismissing, removing or otherwise, of Health punishing the Executive Officer, follow the procedure that may be prescribed in this behalf. (2) [***]1 (3) If a Municipality by special resolution recommend the transfer of its Medical Officer of Health [other than one appointed under the proviso to sub- section (2) of Section 57]1 or its Accountant, the State Government shall transfer the Medical Officer of Health or the Accountant as the case may be from the Municipality’s employment provided the Municipality gives sufficient reasons therefor. Appointment of 59. [(1) During the absence on leave, or other temporary vacancy in the office officiating of an Executive Officer, if the period of such leave or vacancy does not exceed Executive two months, the President may appoint a person to act as Executive Officer; and Officer if the period exceeds two months an appointment shall be made by the Municipality in accordance with the provisions of Section 57: 1. Subs. and omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 219 2. Ins. by section 121 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 60-60A] Provided that when the period of vacancy which initially did not exceed two months, is subsequently extended due to unforeseen circumstances, the appointment made by the President may continue subject to the approval of the State Government.]1 (2) Every person so appointed may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties conferred or imposed by or under this or any other enactments on the person for whom he is appointed to act. [(3) The salaries and conditions of service appertaining to such appointments shall be such as may be prescribed, and the provisions of Section 58, with such modifications as may be prescribed, shall apply to persons so appointed.]1 Functions of a 60. (1) In any municipality where there is an Executive Officer appointed under Municipality that Sections 57, 59 or 65 the following powers of the Municipality shall be exercised must be by such officer, and subject to the provisions of Section 62 not otherwise, discharged by namely,- the Executive (a) the power to grant and issue under his signature, or to refuse, any Officer license which can be granted by a Municipality, other then a licence for a market, slaughter- house or hackney carriage; (b) the power to suspend or withdraw any such licence; (c) the power to receive, recover, and credit to the municipal fund any sum due or tendered to the Municipality; (d) the powers conferred by the section or sub-sections specified in the first column of Schedule II [or where such sections or sub-sections are followed by the words ‘in part’ by such parts thereof as are indicated by the description in Column 2 of the said Schedule and the power to do all things necessary for the exercise of these powers; (e) in respect of servants of the [Municipality]2, the powers vested in the Executive Officer by Sections 75 and 76, and the power to grant leave of absence to the holder of any post to which he has power to appoint; (f) any other power that has been delegated by the [Municipality]2 to the Executive Officer. (2) [***]1 All servants of the Municipality shall be subordinate to Executive Officer. [Functions to be 60-A Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 60, the State Government discharged by may, by notification in the Official Gazette direct that in any municipality, the Medical Officer Medical Officer of Heath subject to the general control of the Executive Officer of Health shall exercise the following powers : Provided that in case of disagreement between these officers the question shall be referred to the President, whose decision shall be final,- 1. Subs. and omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 220 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 60B-61] (a) the power to grant and issue under his signature every permit or licence, other than a permit or licence for a market or slaughter-house, which can be granted by a Municipality in respect of bye-laws framed under Parts B,D,F,G and I of List I and Part I List II of Section 298; (b) the power to suspend or withdraw any such permit or licence; (c) the powers conferred on the Executive Officer under Section 60 (1)(d) in respect of Sections 191 (1) and (2), 192 (1), 196 (c) and (d), 201 (1), 202(1), 225(1) and (2), 227, 244 (1) and (2), 245 (1) 249, 250(2), 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273(1)(a), 276, 277, 278, 280, 283, 294 and also in respect of Section 307 so far as the notice referred to therein relates to the other sections specified in this clause; (d) in respect of servants of the [Municipalities]3 employed for conservancy, public health, vaccination, and the registration or births and deaths the powers vested in the Executive Officer by Sections 75(a) and 76(a) the power to grant leave of absence to the holder of any post to which he has power to appoint.]1 [Delegation of 60-B The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct powers to that in any [municipality]3 the principal officers of the Electrical, Public Works, principal officers and Water Works Departments and of Municipal Museum shall exercise, with of the Electrical, reference to their departments or Museum, powers under clause (e) of sub- Public Works section (1) of Section 60, and anything done in exercise of the powers conferred and Water under the provisions of this section shall be deemed to be thing done and power Works exercised by the Executive officer.]2 Department Right to appeal 61. (1) No appeal shall lie to the [Municipality]3 from any order passed by an from orders of Executive Officer or Medical Officer of Health in the exercise of the powers Executive conferred upon him by Section 60 or Section 60-A unless- Officer (a) the order is an order against which an entry is shown in the third column of Schedule II, such entry not being avoided by regulation made under clause (e) of sub-section (1) of Section 297 and in force; or (b) the order is as order passed in respect of a licence and provision is made for appeal therefrom by any bye-law . (2) Where an appeal lies it shall be filed within ten days of the communication of the order or of date on which the order is, under the provisions of this Act, deemed to have been communicated. (3) Where an appeal is filed within such period, the order shall remain suspended until the appeal is decided. 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 5 of 1932. 2. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 221 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of U.P. Chapter-III of Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 62-65] Delegation of 62. [(1) With the sanction of the President an Executive Officer, or a Medical powers by Officer of Health may empower, by general or special order, any servant or Executive [Municipality] to exercise, under his control, any power, other than a power Officer or delegated to him under clause (f) of sub-section (1) of Section 60 conferred on Medical Officer him by or under this Act.]1 of Health (2) An order by the Executive Officer or Medical Officer of Health under sub-section (1) may prescribe any condition and impose any restriction in respect of the exercise of any power. (3) Any order passed by a servant of the [Municipality]3 in the exercise of a power conferred on him under sub-section (1) shall be liable to rescission or revision by the Executive Officer or Medical Officer of Health, as the case may be. Power of president 63. (1) The President or the Municipality, or any Committee of the or [Municipality]3 Municipality, may require from the Executive Officer [ or Medical Officer of or Committee to Health],- require report etc., (a) any return, statement, estimate, statistics or other information from Executive Officer or Medical regarding any matter appertaining to that branch of the administration of the Officer of Health municipality with which he is concerned]; (b) a report or explanation on any such matter; and (c) a copy of any record, correspondence or plan or other document which is in his possession or under his control as Executive Officer or Medical Officer of Health or which is recorded or filed in his office or in the office of any servant subordinate to him (2) The Executive officer or Medical Officer of Health shall comply with every requisition made under sub-section (1) without unreasonable delay. Right of Executive 64. The Executive officer, Accounts Officer or Medical Officer of Health may, Officer or Medical within the permission of the President, or in virtue of a resolution passed in this Officer of Health behalf at a meeting of the Municipality or of a committee, make an explanation to take part in in regard to a subject under discussion, but shall not vote upon or make an discussions explanation in regard to a subject under discussion, but shall not vote upon or make a proposition at such meeting. Power of 65. If a Municipality being bound to make an appointment under the provisions State of Section 57 or Section 59, fails to make an appointment [***]2 within such Government time as the State Government considers reasonable, the State Government may to appoint itself make the appointment and may fix the salary, contributions to provident Executive fund or pension and other conditions appertaining to such appointment : Officer Provided that if the State Government has made an appointment in exercise of the powers conferred by this section, the [Municipality] shall not be bound to pay a sum exceeding a monthly average of Rs. 1,000 in the case of Municipalities with an income of three lakhs or over or of Rs. 500 in the case of other municipalities on account of the salary, leave, allowances and contributions of the person so appointed. 222 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Omitted by above section. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 66-68] Appointment of 66. [(1)]1 [Every municipality where there is no Executive Officer shall, by Secretaries special resolution appoint one or more Secretaries.]3 [(2) Each such appointment shall be subject to prior approval of the Prescribed Authority and the salaries and other conditions of service of the person so appointed shall be such as may be prescribed.]1 [Appointment of 66-A (1) During the absence on leave, or other temporary vacancy in the office of officiating a Secretary appointed under Section 66, if the period of such leave or vacancy Secretary does not exceed two months, the President may appoint a person to act as Secretary, and if the period exceeds two months an appointment shall be made by the Municipality in accordance with the provisions of Section 66. (2) When the period of vacancy in which appointment has been made under the first part of sub-section (2) is subsequently extended beyond two months due to unforeseen circumstances the appointment made by the President may continue subject to the approval of the State Government. (3) Every person so appointed may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties conferred or appointed may exercise the power and shall perform the duties conferred or imposed by or under this or any other enactment on the person for whom he is appointed to act. (4) The salary and other conditions of service of a person appointed under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed.]2 Punishment or 67. A Municipality may dismiss, remove or otherwise punish any Secretary dismissal of appointed under Section 66 or Section 66-A, by special resolution supported by Secretaries not less than two third of the members constituting the Municipality, subject to his right of appeal to such authority, within such time and in such manner , as may be prescribed : Provided that the Municipality shall in dismissing, removing or otherwise punishing the Secretary, follow the procedure that may be prescribed in this behalf. Appointment of 68. (1) A [Municipality]4 may, and if so required by the State Government, Special Officers of shall by special resolution, appoint the principal officers of its technical technical departments such as Civil Engineer, Assistant Civil Engineer, Electrical department Engineer, Assistant Electrical Engineer, Water Works Engineer, Assistant Water Works Engineer, Electrical and Water Works Engineer, Assistance Electrical and Water Works Engineer or Overseer and also Secretary where there is already an Executive Officer and Superintendent or Lady-Superintendent of Education. (2) During the absence on leave, or other temporary vacancy in the office of any of the officers mentioned in sub-section (1), if the period of such leave or vacancy does not exceed two months, the President may appoint a person to act in such office; if the period exceeds two months an appointment shall be made by the [Municipality]4 in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1). 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 5 of 1932. 223 2- Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 3- Subs. by section 123 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 68A-69A] (3) When the period of vacancy in which appointment has been made under the first part of sub-section (2) is subsequently extended beyond two months due to unforeseen circumstances, the appointment made by the President may continue subject to the approval of the State Government. (4) Every person appointed under sub-section (2) may exercise the powers and shall perform the duties conferred or imposed by or under this or any other enactment on the person for which he is appointed to act. (5) Each appointment made under sub-section (1) or the second part of sub- section (2) shall be subject to the prior approval of the State Government. (6) The salary and other conditions of service of a person appointed under this section shall be such as may be prescribed. [Compliance by 68-A On the occurrence of war, famine, scarcity, epidemic disease of men, or Municipality of beasts, flood, or any similar emergency, and to provide for fairs, melas or other requisition by occasions involving large gathering of people, the Municipality shall State Government immediately comply with any requisition made by the State Government or by for servants in an officer of the Government authorized by general or special order to make the times of requisition, for the services of any of the Municipality’s officers or officials emergency holding posts in its medical, public healt sanitary, veterinary electrical,waterworks or Public Works Departments or vaccination for the services of any Vaid or Hakim employed by the Municipality, and shall meet such proportion of the charge connected with the requisitioning as the State Government may decide to be a proper charge on the Municipality.]1 Punishment and 69. [(1) A Municipality may, by special resolution, dismiss, remove or dismissal of otherwise punish any officer appointed under Section 68 or the proviso to sub- officers appointed section (2) of Section 57, subject to the conditions provided in Section 58 in under Section 68 respect of the dismissal, removal or other punishment of an Executive Officer.]2 (2) [***]3 [Framing of 69-A (1) If the President has reason to believe that the Executive Officer or the charges against or Secretary or any of the other officers of the Municipality appointed under suspension of Section 68 or the proviso to sub-section (2) of Section 57 is corrupt or has officers by persistently failed in the discharge of the duties or is otherwise guilty of President misconduct, he may frame charges against him and where he is satisfied that it is so necessary, he may, for reasons to be recorded, suspend him pending the completion of the enquiry [and the passing of the final order by the Prescribed Authority or the Municipality, as the case may be, under sub-section (4)]2. [(2) Whenever the President takes action under sub-section (1), he shall within a week inform the Prescribed Authority and also forward to it a copy of the charges, and in case an order of suspension has been passed, the President shall also forward to the Prescribed Authority the material forming the basis of 224 the charges.]2 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1954. 2- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3- Omitted by section ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]7 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 69B] [(2-A) The order of the suspension under sub-section (1) may at any time be revoked or modified by the Prescribed Authority.]2 (3) The enquiry under sub-section (1) shall be carried on in such manner as may be prescribed by rules.]1 [(4) After the enquiry is completed, the President shall submit the record with his recommendations to the prescribed Authority or to the Municipality, as he may consider fit. The Prescribed Authority or the Municipality, as the case may be, shall thereupon, notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of Section 58 or Section 67 or Section 69, proceed to consider the report and may, after such further enquiry as it may deem necessary, dismiss, remove or otherwise punish or exonerate the Executive Officer or Secretary or other officer, as the case may be : Provided that the Municipality shall act under this sub-section through a special resolution supported by not less than two thirds of the members constituting the Municipality. (5) An appeal against an order of dismissal, removal or other punishment passed under sub-section (4) by the Prescribed Authority or the Municipality shall lie to the State Government within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed.]2 Centralization 69-B [(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 57, 59, 65 to 68, 69, of services of 69-A, 71, 74, 79 and 80, the State Government may at any time, by rules provided Municipal for the creation of one or more services of such officers and servants as the State Officers and Government may deem fit, common to all or some [Nagar Panchayats or Servants Municipal Councils or to the Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, Municipal Corporation and Jal Sansthans in the State]5 and prescribes the methods of recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to any such service.]4 [Explanation.- For the purposes of this sub-section it is clarified that services common to the Nagar Panchayats and Municipal Councils or Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, Municipal Corporation and Jal Sansthans in the districts of Garhwal and Kumaun Divisions of the State may be created.]6 (2) When any such service is created, officers and servants serving on the posts included in the service may, if found suitable, be absorbed in the service, provisionally and finally, and the services of others shall stand determined, in the prescribed manner : [Provided that such absorption in the service shall not operate as a bar against holding or continuing to hold any disciplinary proceedings against a member of the service in respect of act committed before the date of such absorption; and].3 (3) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2), such rules may also provide for consultation with the State Public Service Commission in respect of any of the matters referred to in the said sub-section. 225 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2- Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3- Added by section 6 (a) of Chapter-III U.P. Act No. 15 of 1983. 4- Subs. by section 9 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 5 of 1984. 5- Subs. by section 124(a) of Chapter-III U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 6- Added by section 124 (b) ibid. 7- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 70-73] [(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) or any other provision of the Act, the State Government may by rules also provide for regularization of temporary and ad hoc appointments made before the prescribed data, without consultation with the State Public Service Commission.]3 Temporary 70. The power to appoint and fix the salaries of temporary servants in cases of Servants emergence shall vest in the President subject to the following conditions, namely,- required for emergency [(a) The President, in exercise of such powers, shall not act in contravention of- (i) any general or special directions as the State Government may, from time to time; (ii) an order of the [Municipality]5 prohibiting the employment of temporary servants for any particular work; and]4 (b) each appointment under this section by the President shall be reported at the next meeting of the Municipality following the appointment. [Power of 71. Except as provided by Sections 57, 66, 68 and 70, and subject to any general Municipality or special directions as the State Government may, from time to time, issue a to determine [Municipality]5 may, by [special]1, resolution, determine what servants are permanent required for the discharge of the duties of the Municipality and [their qualifications staff and conditions of service.]1 Combination of 72. Subject to the provisions of this Act or of any rule a [Municipality]4, President offices or Executive Officer, as the case may be, may appointed one person to discharge the duties of any two or more offices. Appointment, 73. [(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the appointment of persons etc., of servants on the educational establishment of a [Municipality]5 shall be made by such on the authority as may be specified in this behalf by the State Government, and different educational authorities may be specified for different classes of posts on the establishment: establishment [Provided that the appointment of a teacher or Head of an institution shall be governed by the provisions of the Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973 or the Intermediate Education Act, 1921, as the case may be.]2 (2) The State Government may make rules regulating the recruitment, punishment, [***]1 appeal and other conditions of service of persons appointed to the educational establishment of a [Municipality]5.. 226 1- Added and omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Added by section 8 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1978. 3- Subs. by section 6(b) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 15 of 1983. 4- Subs. by section 7 5- Added by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 6- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 74-77A] [Appointment 74. Subject to the provisions of Sections 57 to 73, servants on posts in the non- and dismissal of centralized service, carrying scale of pay equal to or higher than the lowest scale of permanent pay admissible to the clerical staff, shall be appointed and may be dismissed, superior staff removed or otherwise punished, or the services of a probationer may be terminated, by the President, subject to the right of appeal, except in the case of the termination of the service of a probationer, to such authority within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed : Provided that appointment on the posts of Tax Superintendent, Assistant Tax Superintendents, Inspectors, Head Clerks, Sectional Head Clerks, Sectional Accountants, Doctors, Vaids, Hakims and Municipal Fire Station Officers, shall be subject to the appointments on the posts of Tax Superintendent, Assistant Tax Superintendents, Inspectors, Head Clerks, Sectional Head Clerks, Sectional Accountants, Doctors, Vaids, Hakim and Municipal Fire Station Officers, shall be subject to the approval of the Municipality.]1 [Appointment 75. Except as otherwise provided, the Executive Officer shall appoint servants of permanent carrying scales of pay lower than the lowest scale of pay referred to in Section 74 : inferior staff Provided that in the case there is no Executive Officer, the said appointment shall be made by the President.]2 Punishment and 76. Except as otherwise provided, the Executive Officer, and where there is no dismissal of Executive Officer, the President may dismiss, remove or otherwise punish servants permanent of the Municipality, or terminate the services of probationers, [referred to in inferior staff Section 75]3, subject to their right of appeal, except in the case of the termination of the service of a probationer, to such authority within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed. Limitation of 77. (1) The provisions of Sections 71,73,74, 75 and 76,shall be subject to the powers provisions of,- conferred by (a) section 78, and Section 71 to 76 (b) any rule, in particular of any rule imposing any conditions on the appointment of persons to offices, or any particular office, requiring professional skill, and on the suspension or dismissal removal or other punishment or discharge or termination of service of persons so appointed. (2) The provisions of Sections of Sections 74, 75 and 76 shall also be subject to the provisions of any regulation raising any maximum or minimum monthly salary prescribed in those sections with reference to the respective powers of the Municipality, the President and the Executive Officer over the staff. Powers of 77-A The Appellate Authority to which an appeal against an order of dismissal, Appellate removal or other punishment is preferred under this Act or the rules may- Authority in (a) set aside, reduce or confirm the penalty; or disciplinary 227 matters (b) remit the case to the authority which imposed the penalty with such directions as it may deem fit. 1- Subs. by section 8 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 15 of 1983. 2- Subs. by section 9 ibid. 3- Subs. by section 10 ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 77B-78] Power of 77-B (1) The authority competent to punish an officer or servant of the suspension Municipality may place him under suspension,- (a) where a disciplinary proceeding against him is contemplated or pending; or (b) where a criminal case against him in respect of an offence involving moral turpitude is under investigation, enquiry or trial. (2) Where a penalty of dismissal or removal imposed upon an officer or servant of Municipality is set aside in appeal under this Act or the rules and the case is remitted for further inquiry or action or with any other directions, the officer or servant shall be deemed to have been placed or continued under suspension on and from the date of the original order of dismissal or removal. (3) Where a penalty of dismissal or removal imposed upon an officer or servant of the Municipality is set aside or declared or rendered void in consequence of or by a decision of a Court of law, and the punishing authority, on a consideration of the circumstances of the case decides to hold a further enquiry against him on the allegations on which the penalty of dismissal or removal was originally imposed, the officer or servant shall be deemed to have been placed or continued under suspension by the punishing authority on and from the date of the original order of dismissal or removal. (4) An order of suspension made or deemed to have been made under this section bay at any time to be revoked by the authority which made or is deemed to have made the order or by the Appellate Authority. (5) A Municipality shall act under this section, by a special resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members constituting the Municipality. (6) An officer or servant who is placed or is deemed to have been placed under suspension shall, during the period of such suspension, be entitled to receive, instead of salary, such subsistence allowance as may be prescribed.]1 Special provisions as to certain servants Pension and 78. (1) A Municipality shall contribute to the pension and leave allowance of any dismissal in servant,- case of servants (a) whose services are lent or transferred by Government to the of the Municipality; or Government employed by (b) whose services are lent or transferred by the Municipality to Municipality or Government; or vice versa (c) who is employed partly by Government and partly by the 228 Municipality. (2) Such contribution shall be to the extent prescribed by any general rules or special orders made by the Government concerned. 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 79-81] (3) A [Municipality]1 shall not, without the sent of Government, dispense with the service of any servant described in clause (a) or (c) of sub-section (1), or finally dismiss from its service any servant described in clause (b) of sub- section (1), unless it has given Government at least six months’ notice. (4) In this section “Government” shall mean the Central Government or any State Government. Leave 79. (1) In every case where a [Municipality]1, is entitled to pay a salary to any allowances, officer or servant, it shall subject to any regulations in this behalf, be entitled to provident fund, pay leave allowances to such officer or servant. annuities and gratuities (2) A [Municipality]1 may establish and maintain a provident fund and may itself contribute thereto. (3) A [Municipality]1 may grant a gratuity, upon his retirement, to any servant of the [Municipality] who is excluded from participation in the benefits of the provident fund. (4) The [Municipality]1 may, with the previous sanction of the State Government, grant or arrange for the purchase of an annuity to- (a) any servant who, at the date of his retirement, has not been contributing to a provident fund established under sub-section (2) or has contributed thereto of a period of less than 10 years; and (b) any officer or servant injured, otherwise than by reason of his own default, in the execution of his duty, or where such injury results in death, the family or such officer or servant. (5) A [Municipality]1 may, with the like sanction, instead of taking action under clause (b) of sub-section (4), grant a compassionate allowance to an officer or servant referred to therein, or to the family of such officer or servant. Limitations of 80. The provisions of Section 79 shall be subject to the condition that the powers [Municipality]1 shall not, without the special sanction of the State Government, conferred by grant to any officer or servant or to his family a pension, annuity or gratuity greater the previous in amount than that to which he or it would have been entitled, under any general section or special orders of the Central Government or State Government, if the service qualifying for the pension, annuity or gratuity had been service under that Government for the same time, in the same pay, and in other respects of the same character. Liability of members, officers and servants [Surcharge 81. (1) The President, the Vice-President, and every member, officer and servant 229 of the [Municipality]1 shall be liable to surcharge for the loss, waste and misapplication of any money or property of the [Municipality]1, if such loss, waste or misapplication is a direct consequence of has neglect or misconduct while acting as such President, Vice-President, member, officer or servant: 1- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 82] Provided that such liability shall cease to exist after the expiry of ten years from the occurrence of such loss, waste or misapplication or after the expiry of five years from the date on which such President, Vice-president, member, officer or servant ceases to hold his office, whichever is later. (2) The amount of surcharge so imposed shall be recoverable as if it were an arrear of land revenue and the Collector on being satisfied that the sum is due shall proceed to recover it as such an arrear. (3) The procedure of surcharge and the manner of the recovery of the amount involved in loss, waste or misapplication shall be such as may be prescribed. (4) Where no surcharge proceedings are taken the Municipality, with the previous sanction of, or on being directed by the Prescribed Authority, may institute a suit for compensation against such person.]2 Penalty on 82. A member or President of Municipality who, otherwise than with the member or permission in writing of the Prescribed Authority knowingly acquires, or continues President to have directly or indirectly, by himself or his partner, any [Share or interest, acquiring whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 in any contract or employment, with, interest in by, or in behalf of the Municipality, shall be deemed to have committed an offence contract, etc. under Section 168 of the Indian Penal Code : Provided that a person shall not be deemed for the purposes of sub-section (1) to acquire, or continue to have, any [share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 in a contract or employment by reason only of his,- (a) having a share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature in any lease, sale or purchase of land or buildings, or in any agreement for the same, provided that such share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature was acquired before he became a member, or (b) having a share in a joint stock company which shall contract with, or be employed by, or on behalf of, the Municipality, or (c) having a share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature in a newspaper in which an advertisement relating to the affairs of the Municipality is inserted, or (d) holding a debenture or otherwise being interested in a loan raised by, or on behalf of, the Municipality, or (e) being retained by the Municipality as a legal practitioner, or (f) having a share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature in the occasional sale of an article in which he regularly trades to Municipality to a value not exceeding, in any one year, such amount as the Municipality to a value not exceeding, in any one year, such amount as the Municipality, with 230 the sanction of the State Government fixes in this behalf, or (g) being a party to an agreement made with the Municipality under the provisions of Section 196 (c) or of Section 229. 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 34 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 3- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 83-85] Provision 83. (1) A person who has directly or indirectly or indirectly, by himself or his against servants partner, a [share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 in a being interested contract with, by or on behalf of a [Municipality]2 or in any employment with, in contract etc.- under, by or on behalf of, a [Municipality]2, other than as a municipal servant, shall be disqualified for being a servant of such [Municipality]2. (2) A municipal servant who shall acquire on continue to have directly or indirectly, himself or his partner a [share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 in any such contract or employment as aforesaid shall cease to be a municipal servant, and his office shall become vacant. (3) A municipal servant who knowingly acquires or continues to have, directly or indirectly, a [share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 in a contract or, except in so far as concerns his employment as a municipal servant, in any employment with under, by, or on behalf of, a [Municipality]2 of which he is a servant, shall be deemed to have committed an offence under Section 168 of the Indian Penal Code (Act No. XLV of 1860). (4) Nothing in this section shall apply to any such [share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 in a contract or employment with under, by, or on behalf of , the [Municipality]2 as is referred to in clauses (b), (d) and (g) of sub- section (2) of Section 82 or to any [share or interest, whether pecuniary or of any other nature]1 acquired or retained, with the permission of the Prescribed Authority, in any lease, sale or purchase of land or buildings, or in any agreement for the same. All officers and 84. Every officer or servant of [Municipality]2 shall be deemed to be a public servants of a servant within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code (Act No. XLV of 1860 and in [Municipality]2 the definition of “legal remuneration” in Section 161 of that Code, the word to be deemed “Government” shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to include a public servants [Municipality]2. Penalty on 85. (1) A sweeper employed by the [Municipality]2, who,- specified (a) except in accordance with the terms of a written contract of service, or municipal servants for with the permission of the [Municipality]2, resigns or abandons his failure to employment, or discharge their (b) without a reasonable cause of which notice has, when possible, been duties given to the [Municipality]2, absents himself from his duties. shall be liable upon conviction to imprisonment which may extend to two months. (2) The Prescribed Authority may direct that on and from a specified future date the provisions of sub-section (1) shall apply also to any other specified class 231 of servants employed by a [Municipality]2 whose functions intimately concern the public health or safety : 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 124(a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 86-87A] Provided that when a Prescribed Authority makes an order under this sub- section, he shall forthwith forward a copy thereof, with a statement of his reasons for making it, to the State Government which may thereupon rescind the order or direct that it continue in force, with or without modification, permanently or for such period, as it thinks fit. CHAPTER III CONDUCT OF BUSINESS Municipal meetings and proceedings Meeting of a 86. (1) There shall be at least one meeting of the [Municipality]2 in every month to be [Municipality]2 held on a day fixed by regulation or of which notice has been given in a manner provided by regulation in this behalf : [(2) The President may convene a meting whenever he thinks fit and shall upon a requisition made in writing by not less than one fifth of the members of the [Municipality]2 and served in the President or sent by registered post acknowledgment due addressed to the [Municipality]2 at their office, convene a meeting within a period of [fifteen days]1 the date of the service or receipt of such requisition : [Provided that the President may, for reasons to be recorded, postpone a meeting, other than a meeting convened on the requisition of members as above, by giving such notice as may be provided by regulation in this behalf.]1 (3) A meeting may be adjourned until the next or any subsequent day, and an adjourned meeting may be further adjourned in the like manner. (4) Every meeting shall be held at the municipal office [if any]1 or other convenient place of which notice has been duly given. [(5) The President shall report to the District Magistrate the name of any member who has, without obtaining sanction from the [Municipality]2, absented himself from the meetings of the [Municipality]2 for more than three consecutive months or three consecutive meetings, whichever is the longer period.]1 Transaction of 87. Subject to any provision to the contrary made by regulation in this behalf, any business at business may be transacted at any meeting :

meetings Provided that no business which is required to be transacted by a special resolution shall be transacted unless previous notice of the intention to transact such business has been given : Provided also that nothing in this section shall apply to a motion that the [Municipality]2 shall adopt a resolution expressing non-confidence in the President of to a motion that the [Municipality]2 shall adopt a resolution calling upon the President 232 to resign. 87-A [***]4 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3 Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995 4 Repealed by Section 5 Uttarakhand Act no.11 of 2005 [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 88-92] Quorum 88. (1) It shall be necessary for the transaction of any business other than business which is required to be transacted by a special resolution that not less than one-third of the total number of the members of the [Municipality]1 for the time being shall be present. (2) It shall be necessary for the transaction of business which is required to be transacted by a special resolution that not less than one-half of such members shall be present : Provided that, when it is necessary to postpone any business at a meeting for want of the prescribed quorum, the President after the transaction of such business as can be transacted shall adjourn the meeting to another date, and the business postponed for want of the prescribed quorum shall be transacted on such date, or in the event of a further adjournment of the meeting to a subsequent date, on such subsequent date, notwithstanding any deficiency in the number of members present. President of 89. If at a meeting neither President nor a Vice-President is present, the meeting members present shall elect one of their members to be the President of the meeting, and such President shall perform all the duties, and may exercise all the powers of the President of a [Municipality]1 when presiding a meeting. Publicity of 90. Every meeting shall be open to the public unless the President thereof meeting considers that the public should be excluded during the whole or any part of the meeting. Power of 91. Where at a meeting of the [Municipality]1, any member or other person President of refuses to comply with any direction of the President ruling any business, meeting to discussion or matter out of order, or otherwise regulating the conduct or maintain order members or of business or where any member or person willfully disturbs the meeting, the President may require that member or person to withdraw from the meeting and, in the event of his omitting to do so, may employ against him such force as is necessary or as in good faith he believes to be necessary, for the purpose of removing and excluding him from the meeting. Decision by vote 92. (1) All questions which may come before a meeting of a [Municipality]1 shall be decided by a majority of the votes of the members present and voting : Provided that where the President [***]2 is of opinion that the decision on any question (including the budget estimates and proposals of taxation) by the [Municipality]1 by a majority of votes of the members present and voting is 233 against the interest of the [Municipality]1, he may refer the same with his comments to the Director, who may, with the previous approval of the State Government, take such decision thereon (which may be in supersession or partial modification of the decision of the [Municipality]1 as he thinks fit, and his decision shall have effect as if it were a decision of the [Municipality]1 : 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Omitted by section 126 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 93-94] Provided further that the Director may, pending his final decision, give such interim decisions as he thinks fit and such direction shall have effect as if they were decisions of the Municipality.]1 (2) In case of an equality of votes, the President of the meeting shall have a second or casting vote. (3) The foregoing provisions of this section shall be subject to the provisions of sub-section (6) of Section 94 and of any other provision of, or under this or any other enactment requiring a resolution to be supported by any proportion or number of the members. Right of certain 93. The [Chief Engineer, Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam, the Director of Medical Health officers to attend and Family Welfare, Uttar Pradesh, the Medical Officer, or the Assistant Director, and speak at Medical,Health and Family Welfare, Uttar Pradesh, the Chief Medical Officer]2 of the meetings district, the Executive Engineer, the Inspector of Schools, and any other officer specially authorized by the State Government in this behalf shall be entitled to attend a meeting of the Municipality and to address the Municipality on any matter affecting their respective departments. The minute book 94. (1) The names of the members present, and the proceedings held and and resolutions resolutions passed, at a meeting of a Municipality shall be entered in a book to be called the minute book. [(1-A) The Executive Officer or where there is no Executive Officer, the Secretary of the Municipality shall sign it before taking his seat at any meeting of the Municipality.]1 [(2) The minutes shall be read out at the meeting or the next ensuing meeting and, unless objected to by a majority of such of the members, if any, present at the reading as were also present at the proceedings recorded in such minutes, shall be certified as passed by the signature of the President of the meeting at which they are read.]1 (3) Every resolution passed by a Municipality at a meeting, shall, as soon thereafter as may be, [be published in Hindi in any paper approved by [the State Government for purpose of publication of public notices, published in the district, or if there is no such paper, in the district, in the division, in which the municipality concerned is situate and where there is no such paper, be posted upon the notice boards of the municipal office and Collectorate Office for three consecutive days.]1 (4) Copies of every resolution passed by a [Municipality] at a meeting shall, within ten days from the date of the meeting ,shall within ten days from the date of the meeting, be forwarded to the [Prescribed Authority] and the District Magistrate. (5) When, subsequent to action being taken in respect of any resolution under 234 sub-section (3) or (4), but before the minutes recording the resolution are singed as required by sub-section (2), any alteration is made in the wording of such minutes the alteration shall be notified by publication or communicated to the Prescribed Authority and the District Magistrate, as the case may be. 1. Added by U.P. Act no.27 of 1964 2. Omitted by section 127 U.P.Act No.12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 95] (6) A resolution of a [Municipality]1 shall not be modified or cancelled within six months after the passing thereof,- (a) Unless previous notice has been given setting forth fully the resolution which it is proposed to modify or cancel and the motion or proposition for the modification or cancellation of such resolution; and (b) Except by a resolution supported by not less than, one half of the total number of members to the [Municipality]1 for the time being. Conduct of correspondence, accounts, budgets, etc. Conduct of 95. The following matters shall be regulated and governed by rules made by the correspondence, State Government, namely,- accounts, budgets, etc. (a) the intermediate office or offices, if any, through which correspondence between [Municipalities]1 and the State Government or officers of the State Government and representations by the [Municipality]1 addressed to the State Government shall pass; (b) the preparations of plans and estimates for works which are to be partly or wholly constructed at the expense of the [Municipality]1; (c) the authority by whom and the conditions subject to which such plans and estimates may be sanctioned; (d) the agency by which such plans and estimates shall be prepared any by which works shall be carried out; (e) the accounts to be kept by [Municipalities]1, the manner in which accounts shall be audited and published and the power of auditors in respect of disallowance and surcharge; (f) the date before which a meeting shall be held for the sanction of the budget; (g) the method and forms to be adopted in the preparation of budgets; (h) the conditions subject to which a [Municipality]1 in respect of which an order has been issued under Section 102 shall be entitled to vary or alter its budgets; 235 (i) the returns, statements and reports to be submitted by [Municipalities]1; and (j) regular periodical inspection of office and works of the [Municipality]1. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 96] Contracts Sanctioning of 96. (1) The sanction of the Municipality by resolution is required in the case of contracts. every contract- (a) for which budget provision does not exist; or [(b) involving a value or amount, exceeding [Fifty thousand rupees]5 in the case of contract by the Municipal Council and [Fifteen thousand rupees]6 in the case of a contract by the Nagar Panchayet : ]2 [Provided that during the period intervening two meeting of the Municipal Council, the President may sanction contracts involving a value or amount not exceeding [One lakh rupees]7.]3 (2) Any contract, other than a contract of either description specified in sub- section (1), may be the Municipality (not being an advisory committee) empowered in this behalf by regulation, or by any one or more than one officer or servant of the Municipality so empowered : [Provided that the contracts sanctioned by a committee, officer or servant shall be placed before the Municipality for information at the next ensuing meeting.]1 (3) Where the plans and estimates of a project have, in accordance with any rule made in this behalf, been sanctioned by the Municipality, and the execution of the work has been entrusted by the Municipality to an engineer in its service or employment, the Municipality may, with the previous sanction of the prescribed Authority empower by resolution such engineer to sanction all contracts or any one or more contracts of any particular description other than a contract of either description specified in sub-section (1) required for the execution of the project, and may in like manner impose any condition or restriction on the exercise of the power so conferred. Execution of 97. (1) Every contract made by or in behalf of a Municipality whereof the value contracts. or the amount exceeding Rs. 250 shall be in writing. [Provided that unless the contract has been duly executed in writing, no work including collection of materials in connection with the said contract shall be commenced or undertaken.]1 (2) Every such contract shall be signed- (a) by the President or a Vice-President and by the executive officer 236 or a Secretary; or 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 128 (a) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Added by section 128 (b) ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5- Subs. by section 6 (a) of Uttarakhand Act No. 11 of 2005. 6- Subs. by section 6 (b) ibid. 7- Subs. by section 6 (c) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 97A-99] (b) by any person or persons empowered under sub-section (2) or (3) of the previous section to sanction the contract if further and in like manner empowered in this behalf by the [Municipality]1. (3) If a contract to which the foregoing provisions of this section apply is executed otherwise than in conformity therewith it shall not be binding on the [Municipality]1. [Special 97-A Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, every contract or estimate in provision respect of an urban development project sponsored by the Central Government or regarding certain receiving aid from the World Bank or any other foreign organization, be made or projects. sanctioned in accordance with the scheme approved by the State Government : Provided that the meeting of the Municipality for sanction of funds for the urban development project shall be convened and decision be taken within one month from the date of approval of the project by the State Government : Provided further that if the meeting of the municipality is not convened or decision is not taken within the time specified in the first proviso, the municipality shall be deemed to have sanctioned the funds and if the sanction is refused or is accorded with modifications, the matter shall be referred to the State Government and the decision of the State Government shall be final and binding on the municipality and the municipality shall be deemed to have sanctioned the funds accordingly. The Executive Officer may thereupon execute the project, spend funds and ensure completion of the project within the stipulated time : Project also that the municipality shall undertake regular monitoring of the projects and shall send its report to the State Government.]2 Registration of 98. When the Indian Registration Act, 1908, or any rule made thereunder, instruments. requires or permits any act to be done with reference to a document by a person executing or claiming under the same, and the document has been executed on behalf of a [Municipality]1 or is a document under which a [Municipality]1 claims, the Act may, notwithstanding any thing to the contrary contained in the aforesaid enactment, or in any rule thereunder, by done by the President, the Executive Officer or a Secretary of the [Municipality]1 or by any other officer of the [Municipality]1 empowered by regulation in this behalf. The Budget The Budget. 99. (1) Every [Municipality]1 shall have prepared, and laid before it , at a meeting to be held in every year before such date as is fixed by rule in this behalf, a 237 complete account of the actual and expected receipts expenditure for the year ending on the thirty-first day March next following such date together with a budget estimate of the income and expenditure of the [Municipality]1 for the year commencing on the first day of April next following. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 129 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 90-104] (2) Subject to the provisions of Section 102 the [Municipality]2 shall at such meeting decide upon the appropriation and the ways and means contained in the budget estimate and by special resolution, sanction a budget, which shall be submitted to the State Government or to such officers as the State Government by order directs in this behalf. (3) Subject to the like provisions of the [Municipality]2 may vary or alter, from time to time, as circumstances may render desirable, by special resolution, the budget sanctioned under sub-section (2). The revised 100. As soon as may be after the first day of October a revised budget of the year budget. shall be framed and such revised budget, shall, so far as may be, be subject to all the provisions applicable to a budget made under Section 99. Minimum 101. In framing a budget a [Municipality]2 shall provide for the maintenance of closing such minimum closing balance (if any) as the State Government may by order balance shown prescribe. in budget Budget of 102. Where in the opinion of the [State Government]1 the condition of indebted indebtedness of any [Municipality]2 is such as to make the control of the State [Municipality]1 Government over its budget desirable, the [State Government]1 may, by order declaring that such is the case, direct that budget of such [Municipality]2 shall be subject to the sanction of the [State Government]1 or the [Prescribed Authority]1 and that the power to vary or alter the budget under sub-section (3) of Section 99 shall be subject to conditions to be prescribed by rule. Prohibition of 103. (1) Where a budget has been passed the [Municipality]2 shall not incur any expenditure in expenditure under any of the heads of the budget, other than a head providing for excess of the refund of taxes in excess of the amount passed under that head, without budget making provision for such excess by the variation or alteration of the budget. (2) Where any expenditure under any head providing for the refund of taxes is incurred in excess of the amount passed under that head, provision shall be made without delay for such expenditure by the variation or the alteration of the budget. Committees and Joint committees 238 Appointment 104. (1) [Municipality]2 may and where so required by the [State of Committees Government]1 shall - (a) by regulation establish such committees as it thinks fit, or as the State Government direct for the purpose of exercising such powers, performing such duties or discharging such functions as may be delegated to a committee under section 112, and 1. Subs. by A.O. 1950. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 105-106] (b) by single transferable vote elect such of its members as it thinks fit for a period but exceeding one year to any committee so established, in accordance with the method prescribed in the Regulations made by the Chairman of the Legislative Council of Uttar Pradesh in pursuance of orders 82 and 87 of the Standing Orders, for the conduct of business and procedure to be followed in the Legislative Council and dated the 15th March, 1921, the words “the President” and “the Council” occurring in the said Regulations being for purposes of this clause read as “President of the Municipality” and “Municipality” respectively, provided that the State Government may, from time to time, as it thinks fit amend the said Regulations for the purposes of this clause; and (c) by resolution remove any member elected under clause (b). [(1-A) In any committee exclusively for the education of girls established under the preceding sub-section not less than one-half of its members shall be women members of the Municipality together with such other women who, being residents of the municipality but not members of the Municipality, are, by reason of their interest in the education of girls, appointed under Section 105.]1 (2) The chairman of any such committee shall be a person elected form amongst the women members of such committee: Provided that Municipality may, from time to time, by resolution establish, and appoint the members of one, or more than one, advisory committee for the purpose of enquiring into, and reporting in any matter in respect of which a decision of the Municipality is required by or under this Act. Appointment 105. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, it shall be lawful for of persons a Municipality by a resolution supported by not less than one–half of the whole other than number of members for the time being to appoint as members of a committee members any persons of either sex who are not member of the Municipality,but who, in the opinion of the Municipality possess special qualifications for serving on such committee : Provided that the number of persons so appointed on a committee shall not exceed one-third of the total number of the members of committee. (2) All the provisions of this Act, and of any rules relating to the duties, powers, liabilities, disqualifications and disabilities of members shall, save as regards disqualification on the grounds of sex, be applicable, so far as may be, to such persons. 239 Vacancies in 106. A vacancy occurring in any committee may at any time be filled up by the Committees appointment by the Municipality, in the manner prescribed by Section 104, or Section 105 of another member or person. President of a 107. (1) The Municipality may by resolution appoint a President for any committee. Committee (2) In default of a President being appointed by the Municipality, a committee shall appoint its own President from among its members. 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 108-110] Procedure of 108. (1) The provisions of sub-section (1) and (2) of Section 92, of Section 93, committees and of sub-section (1),(2),(4),(5) and (6) of Section 94 shall apply to the proceedings of committees of a Municipality, as if the words “a committee” were substituted for the words “a Municipality” or “the Municipality” whenever they occur therein. (2) Committees may meet and adjourn as they think proper, but the President of the committee may, whenever he thinks fit, and shall, upon the written request of the President of the Municipality or of not less than two members of the committee, call a meeting of the committee. (3) Subject to the provision contained in sub-section (4), no business shall be transacted at any meeting unless more than one-fourth of the members of the committee are present thereat. (4) Where it is necessary to postpone any business at a meeting committee for want of the prescribed quorum, the procedure specified in sub-section (3) of Section 88 shall be followed. Subordination 109. (1) The Municipality may at any time call for any extract from any of Committees proceedings of any committee and for any return, statement, account or report to Municipality concerning or commented with any matter with which the committee has been authorized, or directed to deal. (2) Every committee shall, with all convenient speed, comply with any requisition of the Municipality made under sub-section (1). (3) The Municipality may, for reasons to be recorded, vary or override any decision of the committee. Joint 110. (1) Municipality may, and if so required by the State Government shall, Committee combine with one, or more than one, other assenting local authority to appoint by means of a written instrument subscribed by the local authority to appoint by means of a written instrument subscribed by the local authorities concerned, a joint committee for the purpose of transacting any business in which they are jointly interested. (2) Such instrument shall prescribe the number of members who shall be chosen by each local authority to represent it upon the joint committee, the person who shall be president thereof, the powers being powers exercisable by one or more of the concurring local authorities which may be exercised by the joint committee, and the method of conducting the proceedings and correspondence thereof. 240 (3) Such instrument may, from time to time, be varied or rescinded by a further instrument subscribed by all the local authorities concerned, and in the event of the rescission of any instrument under this sub-section, all proceeding thereunder shall be deemed inoperative with effect from a date to the specified in such further instrument. (4) Any difference of opinion arising in the course of any proceeding under the foregoing provisions of this section, between two or more local authorities shall be decided by reference to the State Government under Section 325. 1. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 110A-112] [Formation of 110-A (1) The Municipalities in Uttar Pradesh may combine to form an State association to be called the State Municipalities Union, provided that no such Municipalities association shall be formed unless more than half the number of Municipalities Union and its in the State severally pass a resolution signifying their intention to become functions. members. (2) The function of the union formed under sub-section (1) of this section shall be to examine problems of common interest to the Municipalities, advise the Municipalities in the improvement of municipal administration and to perform such other function as the State Government may, from time to time, prescribe. (3) The following matters shall be regulated and governed by rules made by the State Government, viz.,- (a) the constitution and aims and objects of the union; (b) the amount and the method of contribution of Municipalities; (c) The management and control of finances of the union; (d) [***]2 (e) generally such other matter as may be necessary for the purpose of this section.]1 + Exercise and delegation of powers by Municipality Powers of 111. (1) The powers, duties and functions specified in the second column of which the Schedule I, with the exception of those against which an entry is shown in the exercise is third column of that schedule, may be exercised and shall be performed or reserved to a discharged by a Municipality or by resolution passed at a meeting of the Municipality Municipality and not otherwise. acting by resolution-- (2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall be construed to prevent a resolution of a Municipality being carried into execution by any agency duly authorized in this behalf by or under this Act or by a servant of the Municipality Acting within the scope of his employment. Delegation of 112. (1) With the exception of a power, duty or function – powers by (a) specified in the second column and against which no entry is shown [Municipality] 241 n the third column of Schedule I; (b) reserved or assigned to a President by clauses (a), (b) and (c) of section 50 or by section 51; and [(c) where there is an Executive Officer or a Medical Officer of Health, reserved to the Executive Officer by section 60 or to the Medical Officer of Health by section 60-A. 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 1 of 1955. 2. Omitted by section 130 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 113] [Municipality]1 may delegate by regulation all or any of the powers, duties or functions conferred or imposed on, or assigned to a [Municipality]1 under this Act. (2) Except as provided in sub-section (3), a [Municipality]1 shall not itself exercise, perform or discharge or interfere in the exercise, performance or discharge of any power, duty or function which it has delegated under sub- section (1). (3) The delegation by the [Municipality]1 under sub-section (1) of any power, duty or function may be made subject to the condition that all or any orders made in pursuance of such delegation shall be subject to the right of appeal to, or revision by the [Municipality]1 within a specified period. (4) Nothing in the foregoing provision of this section shall be deemed to prevent a resolution of a committee of a [Municipality]1 being carried into execution by any agency duly authorized in this behalf by o under this Act, or to preclude any servant of the [Municipality]1 from acting within the scope or to preclude any servant of the [Municipality]1 from acting within the scope of employment. Validity of acts and proceedings Presumptions 113. (1) No vacancy in a [Municipality]1 or in a committee of a [Municipality]1 and savings shall vitiate any act or proceeding of a [Municipality]1 or of such committee. (2) No disqualification, or defect in the election or nomination of a person acting a [member of a municipality or in the election, nomination or appointment of a person acting as a member]2 or of a committee appointed under this Act or as the President or the Chairman, as the case may be of a meeting of a [Municipality]1 or of such committee, shall be deemed to vitiate any act or proceeding of the [Municipality]1 or of the committee, if the majority of the persons present at the time of the act being done, or proceeding being taken, were qualified and duly elected or nominated members of the [Municipality]1 or committee. (3) Until the contrary is proved, any document or minutes which purport to be the record of the proceedings of a [Municipality]1 or committee shall, if 242 substantially made and signed in the manner prescribed for the making and signing of the record of such proceedings, be deemed to be a correct record of the proceedings, of a duly convened meeting held by a duly constituted [Municipality]1 or committee whereof all the members were duly qualified. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 131(b) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 114-116] CHAPTER IV MUNICIPAL FUND AND PROPERTY Municipal fund 114. [(1) There shall be established, for each municipality a fund called municipal fund and to the credit whereof shall be placed all sums received including the grants-in-aid from the Consolidated Fund of the State, and all loans raised, by or on behalf of the municipality.]3 (2) Nothing in this section shall affect any obligations of a Municipality arising from a trust legally imposed upon or accepted by it. [Powers of the 114-A For performance of its duties and functions, whether mandatory or Municipality to discretionary, a Municipality may with the previous sanction of the State borrow money Government and subject to the rules prescribed in this behalf, raise loans in the open market or from any financial institution by issue of debentures or against any other security.]2 Custody and 115. [(1) The municipal fund shall be kept in the Government treasury or sub- investment of treasury or in the State Bank of India or with the previous sanction of the State municipal fund Government, in the Uttar Pradesh Co-operative Bank or in a Scheduled Bank.]1 (2) In places where there is no such treasury or sub-treasury or bank, the municipal fund may be kept with a banker, or person acting as a banker who has given such security for the safe custody and re-payment on demand of the fund so kept as the State Government may in each case think sufficient : Provided that nothing in the foregoing provisions of this section shall be deemed to preclude a Municipality from, with the previous sanction of the State Government, investing in any of the securities described in section 20 of the Indian Trust Act, 1882 or placing on fixed deposit with a Presidency Bank and portion of its municipal fund which is not required for immediate expenditure. Property vested 116. Subject to any special reservation made by the State Government all in Municipality property of the nature hereinafter in this section specified and situated within the [municipal area]4 shall vest in and belong to the [Municipal area]4 and shall with all other property which may become vested in the [Municipal area]4 be under its direction, management and control, that is to say— (a) all public townwalls, gates, markets, slaughter-houses, manure and night soil depots and public buildings of every description which have been constructed or are maintained out of the municipal fund; 243 (b) all public streams, lakes, springs, tanks, wells and works for the supply, storage and distribution of water for public purposes and all bridges, buildings, engines, materials and things connected therewith or appertaining thereto and also any adjacent land not being private property appertaining to any pubic tank or well; 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 5 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 19 of 1990. 3- Subs. by section 132 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4- Subs. by section 133 ibid. 5- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 117-119] (c) all public sewers, drains, culverts and water-courses, and all works, materials and things appertaining thereto; (d) all dust, dung, nightsoil, ashes, refuse, animal matter or filth or rubbish of any kind, or dead bodies of animals collected by the [Municipal area]1 from the streets, houses, privies, sewers, cesspools or elsewhere or deposited in places appointed by the [Municipal area]1 under section 273; (e) all public lamps, lamp posts and apparatus connected therewith or appertaining thereto; (f) all land or other property transferred to the Municipality by the Government or by gift, purchase or otherwise for local public purposes; and (g) all public streets and the pavements, stones and other materials thereof and also all trees, erections, materials, implements and things existing on or appertaining to such streets. Compulsory 117. Where a Municipality, for the purpose of exercising any power or performing acquisition of any duty conferred or imposed upon it by or under this or any other enactment, land desires the State Government to acquire on its behalf, permanently or temporarily any land or any right in respect of land under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, or of other existing law, the State Government may, at the request of Municipality in the manner prescribed acquire such land or such right under the aforesaid provisions; and on payment by the Municipality to the State Government of the compensation awarded thereunder and of the charges incurred by the State Government in connection with the proceedings, the land or right, as the case may be, shall vest in the Municipality. Power of 118. Subject to the provisions of the next sections and to any condition imposed by Municipality the owner of the property a Municipality may manage and control any property to manage and entrusted to its management and control. control prope- rty entrusted to its management Public 119. (1) The management, control and administration of every public institution institutions maintained exclusively out of the municipal fund shall vest in the Municipality. (2) Any other public institution may be vested in, placed under the management, control and administration of the Municipality; Provided that the extent of the independent authority of the Municipality in respect thereof may be prescribed by rule. 244 (3) All property, endowments and funds belonging to any public institution vesting in or placed under the management, control and administration of a Municipality shall be held by the Municipality in trust for the purpose, to which such property, endowments and funds were lawfully applicable at the time when the institution become so vested or was so placed. (4) Provided that nothing in the foregoing provisions of this section shall be held to prevent the vesting of any trust property in the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments under the Charitable Endowments Act, 1890. 1- Subs. by section 133 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 120-120A] Application of 120. (1) The municipal fund and all property vested in a [Municipal area]5 shall be municipal fund applied for the purposes, express or implied, for which by or under this or any and property other enactment, powers are conferred or duties or obligations are imposed upon the [Municipal area]5. (2) Provided that the [Municipal area]5 shall not incur any expenditure for acquiring or renting land beyond the limits of the [municipal area]5 or for constructing any work beyond such limit except— [(a) the payment of salaries and allowances of Safai Mazdoors; (a-a) the liabilities and obligations arising from a trust legally imposed upon or accepted by the [Municipal area]5 ;]2 (b) on such terms and conditions as the State Government imposes. (3) Provided also that priority shall be given in the order set forth below to the following liabilities and obligations of a [Municipal area]5 – (a) liabilities and obligations arising from a trust legally imposed upon or accepted by the [Municipal area]5 ;]2 (b) the re-payment of and the payment of interest on, any loan incurred under the provisions of the Local Authorities Loan Acts, 1914; (c) [except the payments under clause (a), the payment of establishment charges]3, including such contributions as are referred to in Section 78 and the salary, allowances and pension of an executive officer appointed by the State Government; (d) any sum ordered to be paid from the municipal fund under sub- section (3) of section 35, sub-section (2) of section 36, section 126, sub- section (3) of section 163 or sub-section (3) of section 320. [Explanation— For the purposes of this sub-section, a person shall be deemed to be a Safai Mazdoor if he is employed by the [Municipal area]5 for the purposes of sweeping and cleaning of municipal roads, lanes, pathways, drains, sewers, latrines and urinals, carrying of dead animals and refuge and for other jobs of the like nature.]4 [Restriction on 120-A No expenditure from the municipal fund shall be incurred without the prior expenditure sanction in writing of the director for the purposes of defraying the costs of any 245 from proceedings instituted or commenced in any Court of law by or on behalf of a municipal fund Municipality or its President in respect of any order made or purporting to have over certain been made by the State Government under section 30, section 34, section 40 or litigation section 48.]1 1- Subs. by section 37 of U.P. Act No. 41 of 1976. 2- Subs. by section 11 (i) of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 15 of 1983. 3- Subs. by section 11 (ii) ibid. 4- Added by section 11 (iii) ibid. 5- Subs. by section 133 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 6- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 120B-122] Application of 120(B) [The provisions of chapter VII of Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Adhiniyam chapter VII of 1965 shall apply in relation to any premises belonging to or vesting in the muncipality Act I of 1966 taken on lease by the Muncipality for the purposes of this Act as they apply in relation to Muncipality to Board premises as defined in the Act and references therein to the Board and matters Permises prescribed under that Act shalll repsectively by construed as references to the Corporation and matters prescribed under this Act.]1 Disposal of 121. (1) When, by reason of a notification under section 3, any local area ceases to be municipal fund [transitional area or a smaller urban area, as the case may be]2 and is immediately when area placed under the control of some other local authority, the municipal fund and property cease to be a vesting in the [Municipality]3 shall vest in such other local authority, and the liabilities [transitional the[Municipality]3 shall be transferred to such other local authority. area or a smaller urban (2) When, in like manner, any local area ceases to be [transitional area or a area, as the smaller urban area, as the case may be]2 and is not immediately placed under the case may be]2 control of another local authority and balance of the municipal fund and other property vesting in the [Municipality]3 shall vest in the State Government and the liabilities of the [Municipality]3 shall be transferred to the State Government. Disposal of 122. (1) When, by reason of a notification under section 3, any local area ceases to be municipal fund included in a [Transitional area or a smaller urban area, as the case may be]2 and is when area immediately placed under the control of some other local authority such portion of the ceases to be municipal fund and other property vesting in the [Municipality]3 shall vest in that other included in a local authority and such portion of the liabilities of that [Municipality]3 shall be [transitional transferred to that other local authority, as the [State Government] after consulting the area or a [Municipality]3 and that other local authority, declares by notification. smaller urban area, as the (2) When, in like manner, any local area ceases to be included in a [transitional case may be]2 area or a smaller urban area, as the case may be]2 and is not immediately placed under the control of some other local authority, such portion of the municipal fund and other property vesting in the [Municipality]3 shall vest in the State Government and such portion of the liabilities of the [Municipality]3 shall be transferred to the State Government, as the State Government after consulting the [Municipality]3 and considering any representation made by the inhabitants of the excluded area, declares by notification. (3) Provided that where an excluded area is placed under the control of local a local authority not existing at a date previous to the exclusion, the State Government, before making a declaration under sub-section (1), shall take into consideration any 246 representation made by inhabitants of the excluded area. (4) Provided also that the foregoing provisions of this section shall not apply in any case where the circumstances, in the opinion of the State Government render undesirable, the transfer of any portion of the municipal fund or liabilities. 1- Subs. by section 19 (v) of U.P. Act No. 22 of 1972. 2- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 134 ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 123-127] Application 123. Any municipal fund or portion of a municipal fund or other property of a of funds and municipal fund or other property of a Municipality accruing under the provisions property of section 121 or 122 to the [State Government]1, shall be applied in the first accruing to place to satisfy any liability of the Municipality transferred under such Government provisions to the [State Government]1 and secondly for the benefit of the under section inhabitants of the local area. 121 or 122 Power of 124. (1) Subject to any restriction imposed by or under this Act, a Municipality [Municipality] to may transfer by sale, mortgage, gift, exchange or other wise any property vested transfer property in the Municipality not being property held by it on any trust the terms of which are inconsistent with the right to so transfer. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the Municipality may with the sanction of the [State Government]1 transfer to Government, any property vested in the Municipality but not so as to affect any trust or public rights to which the property is subject. (3) Provided that every transfer under sub-section (1), other than a lease for a term not exceeding one year, shall be made by instrument in writing sealed with the common seal of the municipality and otherwise complying with all conditions in respect of contracts imposed by or under this Act. Payment of 125. The Municipality may make compensation out of the municipal fund to any compensation person sustaining any damage by reason of the exercise of any of the powers from municipal vested in the Municipality, its officers or servants under this or any other fund enactment or vested in the [State Government]1, the Prescribed Authority or the District Magistrate under section 34 and shall make such compensation where the person sustaining the damages was not himself in default in the manner in respect of which the power was exercised. Payment by 126. (1) When special police protection is in the opinion of the State Municipality Government, requisite on the occasion of a fair, agricultural show or industrial for special exhibition managed by a Municipality, the [State Government]1 may provide police protect- such protection and the Municipality shall pay the whole charges thereof or such tion at fairs, etc. portion of such charge as the [State Government]1 considers equitably payable by it. (2) If the sum charged is not paid, the District Magistrate may make an order directing the person having the custody of the municipal fund to pay the expenses from such fund. 247 Other matters 127. The following matter shall be regulated and governed by rules made by the relating to [State Government]1 under section 296; namely :- municipal fund (a) the authority on which money may be paid from the municipal and property fund; (b) the conditions on which property be acquired by the Municipality or on which property vested in the Municipality may be transferred by sale, mortgage, lease, exchange or otherwise; and 1. Subs. by ALO. 1950. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 127A-127B] (c) any other matter relating to the municipal fund or municipal property in respect of which the Act makes no provision or insufficient provisions and provision is necessary. 1[CHAPTER IV-A DISTRICT PLANNING COMMITTEE AND THE FINANCE COMMISSION [District 127-A (1) There shall be constituted in every district a District Planning Planning Committee to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Committee Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in the district and to prepare a draft development plan for the district as a whole. (2) The District Planning Committee shall consist of such persons as may be prescribed by rules : Provided that not less than four-fifths of the total number of members of such committee shall be elected by and from amongst, the elected members of the Zila Panchayat and of the Municipal Corporation, Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in the district in proportion to the ratio between the population of the rural areas and of the urban areas in the district : Provided further that the other members of such committee shall be nominated by the State Government by order notified in the Official Gazette : Provided also that any vacancy of members shall be no bar to the constitution or reconstitution of such committee. (3) The Chairperson of the District Planning Committee shall be chosen in such manner as may be prescribed by rules. (4) The District Planning Committee, shall in preparing the draft development plan— (a) have regard to – (i) matters of common interest between the Panchayats and the Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, and Nagar Panchayats including spatial planning, sharing of water and other physical and natural resources, the integrated development of infrastructure and environmental conservation; (ii) the extent and type of available resources whether financial or otherwise; (b) consult such institutions and organizations as the Governor may, 248 by order specify. (5) The Chairperson of a District Planning Committee shall forward the development plan, as recommended by such committee, to the State Government. Preparation of 127-B (1) The Executive officer of a municipality shall prepare every year a plan development plan for the municipal area in the manner prescribed by rules. (2) The plan prepared under sub-section (1) shall be placed before the municipality in its meeting and the municipality may approve it with or without modification. 1. New Chapter-IV-A added by section 135 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 127C-128] (3) The Executive Officer shall, after the plan is approved by the municipality send it to the District Planning Committee before such date as may be prescribed by rules.

Finance 127-C (1) The Finance Commission shall also review the financial position of the Commission municipalities and make recommendations to the Governor as to— (a) the principles which should govern— (i) the distribution between the State and the municipalities of the net proceeds of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees leviable by the State which may be divided between them and the allocation of shares of such proceeds to the municipalities; (ii) the determination of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees which may be assigned to or appropriated by the municipalities; (iii) the grants-in-aid to the municipalities from the Consolidated Fund of the State; (b) the measures needed to improve the financial position of the municipalities; (c) any other matter referred to the finance commission by the Governor in the interests of sound finance of the municipalities. (2) Every recommendation of the finance commission made under sub- section (1) shall, together with an explanatory memorandum as to the action taken thereon, be laid before both the houses of the State Legislature.]3 CHPATER V MUNICIPAL TAXATION Imposition and alteration of taxes Taxes which 128. (1) Subject to any general rules or special orders of the State Government in may be this behalf, the taxes which a [Municipality]2 may impose in the whole or part of a imposed municipality are— (i) a tax on the annual value of building or lands or of both; (ii) a tax on trades and callings carried on within the municipal limits and deriving special advantages from or composing special burdens on municipal 249 services; (iii) a tax on trades, callings and vocations including all employments remunerated by salary or fees; [(iii-a) a theatre tax which means a tax on amusements or entertainments;]1 (iv) a tax on vehicles and other conveyances plying for hire or kept within the municipality or on boats moored therein; (v) a tax on dogs kept within the municipality; 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. New Chapter-IV-A subs. by section 135 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]6 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 128] (vi) a tax on animals used for riding, driving, draught or burden, when kept within the municipality; (vii) [***]3 (viii) [***]3 (ix) a tax on inhabitants assessed according to their circumstances and property; (x) a water-tax on the annual value of buildings or lands or of both; [(x-a) a drainage tax on the annual value of buildings leviable on such buildings as are situated within a distance, to be fixed by rule in this behalf for each municipality from the nearest sewer line;]2 (xi) a scavenging tax; [(xii) a conservancy tax for the collection, removal and disposal of ex- cerementitious and polluted matter from privies, urinals, cesspools;]1 (xiii) [***]3 (xiii-A) [***]1 [(xiii-B) a tax on deeds of transfer of immovable property situated within the limits of the 5[municipality];]1 (xiv) [***]3 (2) Provided that taxes under clauses (iii) and (ix) of sub-section (1) shall not be levied at the same time [***]4 [nor shall the taxes under clauses (x-a) and (xii) of sub-section (1) be levied at the same time : Provided further that no tax under clause (xiii-B) of sub-section (1) shall be levied on deeds of transfer of immovable property situated within such area of the municipality as forms part of the local area of any Improvements Trust created under section 3 of the U.P. Towns Improvement Act, 1919 (U.P. Act No. VIII of 1919) :]2 Provided also that no tax under clause (iv) of sub-section (1) shall be levied in respect of the motor vehicle. (3) Nothing in this section shall authorize the imposition of any tax which 250 the [State Legislature]1 has no power to impose in the [State]1 under [the Constitution]1 : Provided that a [Municipality]5 which immediately before the commencement of [the Constitution]1 was lawfully levying any such tax under this section as then in force, may continue to levy that tax until provision to the contrary is made by Parliament. 1. Omitted and added by A.O. 1937. 2. Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3. Omitted by section 2 (a) of Chapter-II of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1991. 4. Omitted by section 2 (b) ibid. 5. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 6. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 128A-129] [Tax on deeds 128-A (1) Where a [Municipality]3 has imposed a tax referred to in clause (xiii-B) of transfer of of sub-section (1) of Section 128, the duty imposed by the Indian Stamp Act, immovable 1899 on any deed of transfer of immovable property shall, in the case of property immovable property situated within the limits of such municipality, be increased by two percent, on the amount or value of the consideration with reference to which the duty is calculated under the said Act : Provided that the [Municipality]3 may, by a special resolution, with the prior approval of the State Government, raise the aforementioned percentage of the increase in stamp duty up to five. (2) All collections resulting from the said increase shall, after the deduction of incidental expenses, if any, be paid to the [Municipality]3 concerned by the State Government in such manner as may be prescribed. (3) For the purposes of this sub-section, Section 27 of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 shall be so read and construed as if it specifically requires the particulars referred to therein to be separately set forth in respect of— (a) property situate within the limits of a municipality; and (b) property situate outside the limits of a municipality. (4) For the purposes of this section all references in section 64 of the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 to the Government shall be deemed to include the [Municipality]3 as well.]1 [Restriction on 129. [The imposition of a tax under clause (x) of sub-section (1) of Section 128 the imposition shall be subject to the restriction that the tax shall not be imposed – of water-tax]4 (i) on land exclusively used for agricultural purposes unless water is supplied by the [Municipality]3 for such purpose; or (ii) on a plot of land or building the annual value whereof, does not exceed rupees three hundred and sixty and to which no water is supplied by the [Municipality]3 ;or (iii) on any plot or building no part of which is within the radius prescribed for the municipality from the nearest stand-pipe or other water works whereat water is made available to the public by the [Municipality.]3 251 Explanation— For the purposes of this section – (a) “building’ shall include the compound, if any thereof and where there are several buildings in a common compound, all such buildings and the common compound; (b) “a plot of land” means any piece of land held by a single occupier or held in common by several co-occupiers whereof no one portion is entirely separated from other portion by the land of another occupier or of other co-occupier or by public property.]2 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 9 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 10 of 1978. 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Added by section 136 ibid. 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 130-131] Restrictions on 130. [The imposition of a tax under clause (xi) of (xii) of sub-section (1) of the imposition section 128 shall be subject to the restriction that the tax shall not be assessed on of other taxes any house or building or leviable from the occupier of any house or building unless the [Municipality]3 under clause (a) of section 196 undertakes the house scavenging or the collection, removal and disposal of excrementitious and polluted matter from privies, urinals and cesspools of such house of building. [Power of State 130-A (1) The State Government may, by general or special order, published in the Government to Official Gazettte, require a [Municipality]3 to impose any tax mentioned in require section 128, not already imposed, at such rate and within such period as may be [Municipality]3 specified in the notification and the [Municipality]3 shall thereupon act to impose taxes accordingly. (2) The State Government may require a [Municipality]3 to [increase, modify or vary] the rate of any tax already imposed and thereupon the [Municipality]3 shall increase, modify or vary the tax as required. (3) If the [Municipality]3 fails to carry out the order passed under sub- section (1) or (2), the State Government may pass suitable order imposing, increasing, modifying or varying the tax and thereupon the order of the State Government shall operate as if it had been a resolution duly passed by the [Municipality]3 [under sub-section (2) of section 134.]1 [Pooling of 130-B All moneys derived from water, drainage, scavenging and conservancy receipts of taxes taxes mentioned in clauses (x), (x-a), (xi) and (xii) of sub-section (1) of section for certain 128 and all other incomes derived from water-works and sullage farms and purposes disposal of excrementitious and polluted matters collected from privies, urinals and cesspools shall be pooled together and shall be used for purposes connected with the construction, maintenance, extension or improvement of the water- works and drainage works and arrangements for scavenging and collection, removal and disposal of excrementitious and polluted matters from privies, urinals and cesspools including maintenance of the sullage farms.]2 Framing of 131. (1) When a [Municipality] desires to impose a tax, it shall, by special preliminary resolution, fram proposal specifying-- proposals 252 (a) the tax, being one of the taxes described in sub-section (1) of section 128, which it desires to impose; (b) the persons or class of person to be made liable and the description of property or other taxable things or circumstances in respect of which they are to be made liable, except where and in so far as any such class or description is already sufficiently defined under clause (a) or by this Act; regional (c) the amount or rate leviable from each such person or class of persons; 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2. Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 132-134] (d) any other matter referred to in section 153 which the State Government requires by rules to be specified. (2) The [Municipality]1 shall also prepare a draft of the rules which it desires the State Government to make in respect of the matters, referred to in section 153. (3) The [Municipality]1 shall, thereupon publish in the manner prescribed in section 94 the proposals framed under sub-section (1) and the draft rules framed under sub-section (2) along with a notice in the form set forth in Schedule III. Procedure 132. (1) Any inhabitant of the [Municipal area]2 may, within a fortnight from the subsequent to publication of the said notice, submit to the [Municipality]1 an objection in framing writing to all or any of the proposals framed under the preceding section, and the proposals [Municipality]1 shall take any objection so submitted into consideration and pass orders thereon by special resolution. (2) If the [Municipality]1 decides to modify its proposals or any of them, it shall publish notified proposals and (if necessary) revised draft rules along with a notice indicating that the proposals and rules (if any) are in modification of proposals and rules previously published for objection : Provided that no such publication shall be necessary where the modification is confined to reduction in the amount or rate of the tax originally proposed. (3) Any objections which may be received to the modified proposals shall be dealt with in the manner prescribed in sub-section (1). (4) When the [Municipality]1 has finally settled its proposals it shall submit them along with the objections (if any) made in connection therewith to the Prescribed Authority. Power of State 133. (1) [If]2 the proposed tax falls under clauses (i) to (xii) of sub-section (1) of Government or section 128, the Prescribed Authority after considering the objection received Prescribed under sub-section (4) of section 132, may either refuse to sanction the proposals Authority to or return them to the [Municipality]1 for further consideration, or sanction them reject, sanction without modification or with such modification not involving an increase of the or modify amount to be imposed, as it deems fit. proposals (2) In any other case, the Prescribed Authority shall submit the proposals 253 and objections to the State Government, who may pass any of the orders described in sub-section (1). Resolution of 134. (1) When the proposals have been sanctioned by the Prescribed Authority or [Municipality]1 the State Government, the State Government after taking into consideration the directing draft rules submitted by the [Municipality]1, shall proceed forthwith to make imposition of under section 296 such rules in respect of tax as for the time being it considers tax necessary. (2) When the rules have been made, the order of sanction and a copy of the rules shall be sent to the [Municipality]1 and thereupon the [Municipality]1 shall be special resolution direct the imposition of the tax with effect form a date to be specified in the resolution. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 18 of 1986. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 135-139] Imposition of 135. (1) A copy of the resolution passed under section 134 shall be submitted to tax the State Government if the tax has been sanctioned by the [State Government]3 and to the Prescribed Authority in any other case. (2) Upon receipt of the copy of the resolutions the State Government or Prescribed Authority as the case may be, shall notify in the Official Gazette, the imposition of the tax from the appointed date and the imposition of a tax shall in all cases be subject to the condition that it has been so notified. (3) A notification of the imposition of a tax under sub-section (2) shall be conclusive proof that the tax has been imposed in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Procedure for 136. The procedure for abolishing a tax or for altering a tax in respect of the altering taxes matters specified in clauses (b) and (c) of sub-section (1) of section 131, shall so far as may be, the procedure prescribed by sections 131 to 135 for the imposition of a tax. Power of State 137. (1) Whenever it appears, on compliant made or otherwise, to the State Government to Government, that the levy of any tax is contrary to the public interest or that any remedy or tax is unfair in its incidence the State Government may, after considering the abolish tax explanation of [the municipality]1 concerned, by order require such [Municipality]1 to take measures, within a time to be specified in the order, for the removal of any defect which it considers to exist in the tax or in the method of assessing of collecting tax. (2) Upon the failure or inability of the [Municipality]1 to comply, to the satisfaction of the State Government, with an order made under sub-section (1), the State Government may by notification suspend the levy of the tax or of any portion thereof until the defect is removed, or may abolish or reduce the tax. Consolidated Taxes Consolidation 138. (1) For the purpose of assessing, levying or collecting, but not for the of taxes purpose of imposing or granting exemption from, the taxes described in clauses (i), (x) and (xi) of sub-section (1) of section 128, a [Municipality]1 may consolidate any two or more of such taxes which are imposed upon buildings or 254 lands or both. (2) Provided that in any register or assessment list relating to a consolidated tax and used for the purpose of informing any person of his liability thereunder or for the purpose of securing compliance with the provision of section 129 or 130, the [Municipality]1 shall apportion the consolidated tax amongst the several taxes comprised therein, so as to show approximately the amount assessed or collected on account of each separate tax. Deduction 139. (1) In assessing a consolidated tax, effect shall be given to any partial or required by total exemption from any single tax comprised therein. exemptions (2) Such effect shall be given – 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 140-141] (a) in the case of partial exemption, by means of the deduction from the total amount of the consolidated tax which would otherwise be leviable or assessable in respect of any buildings or lands or both to which the exemption applies, of a proportionate part, corresponding to the exemption, of the amount which might otherwise have been assessed on account of the single tax; and (b) in the case of a total exemption, by means of the deduction from such total amount of the whole amount assessed, on account of the single tax. Assessment and levy of taxes on the annual value of buildings or lands or both Definition of 140. (1) “Annual value” means— annual value (a) in the case of railway stations, hotels, colleges, schools, hospitals, factories and other such buildings, a proportion not exceeding five per centum to be fixed by rule made in this behalf of the sum obtained by adding the estimated present cost of erecting the building to the estimated value of the land appurtenant thereto; and (b) in the case of a building or land not falling within the provisions of clause (a), the gross annual rent for which such building, exclusive of furniture or machinery therein, or such land is actually let or where the building or land is not let or in the opinion of the [Municipality]2 is let for a sum less than its fair letting value, might reasonably be expected to let from year to year. (2) Provided that where the annual value of any building would by reason of exceptional circumstances in the opinion of the [Municipality]2 be excessive if calculated in the aforesaid manner, the [Municipality]2 may fix the annual value of any less amount which appears to it equitable. Preparation of 141. (1) Where a tax on buildings or lands or both is imposed, the assessment list [Municipality]2 shall cause an assessment list of all buildings or lands or both [in the municipal area or any part thereof to be prepared from time to time]1 containing – (a) the name of the street or mohalla in which the property is situated; 255 (b) the designation of the property, either by name or by number sufficient for identification; (c) the names of the owner and occupier, if known; (d) the annual letting value or other particulars determining the annual value; and (e) the amount of the tax assessed thereon. (2) For the purpose of making such assessment list, the [Municipality]2 may, from time to time appoint, with or without remuneration, any person or persons, whether members or not and the persons or persons so appointed may, for such purpose make an inspection of any property concerned. 1. Subs. by section 15 of Chapter-IV of U.P. Act No. 3 of 1987. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 142-145] Publication of 142. When the assessment list has been prepared the [Municipality]1 shall give list public notice of the place where the list or a copy thereof may be inspected and every person claiming to be either owner or occupier or property included in the list and an agent of such person, shall be at liberty to inspect the list and to make extract therefrom without charge. Objections to 143. (1) The [Municipality]1 shall at the same time give public notice of a date entries in list not less than one month thereafter, when it will proceed to consider the valuations and assessments entered therein; and in all cases in which any property is for the first time assessed or the assessment is increased, it shall also give notice thereof to the owner or occupier of the property, if known. (2) All objections to valuations and assessments shall be made to the [Municipality]1, before the date fixed in the notice, by application in writing stating the grounds on which the valuation and assessment are disputed and all applications so made shall be registered in a book to be kept by the [Municipality]1 for the purpose. (3) The [Municipality]1 or a committee empowered by delegation in this behalf or an officer [of Government]3 or the [Municipality]1 to whom, with the permission of the Prescribed Authority the [Municipality]1 delegates, and it is hereby empowered so to delegate by resolution, powers in this behalf, shall, after allowing the applicant an opportunity of being heard in person or by agent – (a) investigate and dispose of the objections; (b) cause the result thereof to be noted in the book kept under sub- section (2); and (c) cause any amendment necessary in accordance with such result to be made in the assessment list. Authentication 144. (1) When all objections made under section 143 have been disposed of, and custody of and all amendments required by sub-section (3) of that section have been made list 256 in the assessment list, the said list shall be authenticated by the signature of the President or in the case of delegation under section 143 to a committee or to an officer [of Government]3 or of the [Municipality]1, by the signatures of not less than two members of such committee or by the signature of the officer aforesaid, and the person or persons so authenticating the list shall certify the consideration of all objections duly made and the amendment of the list so far as required by the decision on such objections. (2) The list so authenticated shall be deposited in the municipal office, and shall thereupon be declared by public notice to be open for inspection. Revision and 145. (1) A new assessment list shall ordinarily be prepared in the manner duration of list prescribed by sections 141 to 144, once in every five years. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3. Subs. by ALO 1950. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 145A-147] (2) Subject to any alteration or amendment made under section 147 and to the result of any appeal under section 160, every valuation and assessment entered in a valuation list shall be valid from the date on which the list takes effect [in the municipal area or part thereof and until the first day of the month next following the completion of the new list.]2 [Adoption of 145-A Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act the value of [Municipality]4 may by special resolution decide that the taxable value of property deter- buildings and lands determined under clause (ii) of section 4 of the Uttar Pradesh mined under (Nagar Kshettra) Bhumi Aur Bhawan Kar Adhiniyam, 1962 shall be the annual U.P. Act No. XII value for the purpose of this Act.]1 of 1962 Conclusiveness 146. An entry in an assessment list shall be conclusive proof – of entries in (a) for any purpose connected with a tax to which the list refers, of the list amount leviable in respect of any building or land during the period to which the list relates, and (b) for the purpose of assessing any other municipal tax of the annual value of any building or land during the said period. Amendment and 147. (1) The [Municipality]4 may at any time alter or amend the assessment list-- alteration (a) by entering therein the name of any person or any property which of list ought to have been entered or any property which has become liable to taxation after the authentication of the assessment list; or (b) by substituting therein for the name of owner or occupier of any property the name of any other person who has succeeded by transfer or otherwise to the ownership or occupation of the property; or (c) by enhancing the valuation of or assessment on any property which [has become incorrectly valued or assessed or which, by reason of fraud, misrepresentation or mistake, has been incorrectly valued or 257 assessed]3; or (d) by re-valuing or re-assessing any property the value of which has been increased by additions or alterations to buildings; or (e) where the percentage on the annual value at which tax is to be levied has been altered by the [Municipality]4 under the provisions of section 136, by making a corresponding alteration in the amount of the tax payable in each case; or 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 16 of Chapter-V of U.P. Act No. 3 of 1987. 3. Subs. by section 17 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 72 of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 5. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 148-149] (f) by reducing, upon the application of the owner or on satisfactory evidence that the owner is untraceable and the need for reduction established upon its own initiative, the valuation of any building which has been wholly or partly demolished or destroyed; or (g) by correcting any [Clerical, arithmetical or other apparent error :]1 (2) Provided that [Municipality]2 shall give at least one month’s notice to any person interested of any alteration which the [Municipality]2 proposes to make under clauses (a), (b), (c) or (d) of sub-section (1) and of the date on which the alteration will be made, (3) The provisions on sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 143 applicable to the obligations thereunder mentioned shall, so far as may be, apply to any objection made in pursuance of a notice issued under sub-section (2) and to any application made under clause (f) of sub-section (1). (4) Every alteration made under sub-section (1) shall be authenticated by the signature or signatures of the person or persons authorized by section 144 and subject to the result of an appeal under section 160, shall take effect from the date on which the next instalment falls due. Obligation to 148. (1) When a building is built, rebuilt or enlarged, the owner shall give notice supply thereof to the [Municipality]2 within fifteen days from the date of completion of information for such building, rebuilding or enlargement or from the date of the occupation of purposes of such building, whichever date happens first. amendment (2) Any person failing to give the notice required by sub-section (1) shall be punished upon conviction with a fine which may extend to fifty rupees or ten times the amount of the tax payable on the said building or enlargement for a period of three months, whichever is greater. Liability for 149. (1) Except when otherwise provided by rule, every tax other than a payment of scavenging tax or tax for the cleansing of latrines and privies on the annual value 258 certain taxes on of buildings or lands or of both shall be leviable primarily from the actual annual value occupier of the property upon which the said taxes are assessed, if he is the owner of the buildings or lands or holds them on a building or other lease from the Government or from the [Municipality]2 or on a building or lease from any person. (2) In any other case the tax shall be primarily leviable as follows; namely :- (a) if the property is let, from the lessor; (b) if the property is sublet, form the superior lessor; (c) if the property is unlet, from the persons in whom the right to let the same vests. 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 1 of 1955. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 150-151] (3) On failure to recover any sum due on account of such tax from the person primarily liable, the [Municipality]1 may recover from the occupier of any part of the buildings or lands in respect of which it is due, that portion thereof which bears to the whole amount due the same ratio as the rent annually payable by such occupier bears to the aggregate amount of rent payable in respect of the whole of the said buildings or lands, or to the aggregate amount of the letting value thereof in the authenticated assessment list. (4) An occupier who makes any payments for which he is not primarily liable under the foregoing provisions, shall in the absence of any contract to the contrary, be entitled to be reimbursed by the person primarily liable. Liability for 150. (1) A scavenging tax, or a tax for the cleansing of latrines and privies, on payment of the annual value of buildings or lands or of both, shall be levied from the actual other such taxes occupier of the property upon which the taxes are assessed. (2) Provided that, where such property is let to more occupiers than one, the [Municipality]1 may at its option levy the tax from the lessor instead of from the actual occupiers. (3) A lessor from whom a tax is levied under sub-section (2) may, in the absence of a contract to the contrary, recover the tax from any or all of the actual occupiers. Remission by 151. (1) In a [municipal area]2 other than one situated wholly or partly in a hilly reason of non- tract, when a building or land has remained vacant and unproductive of rent for occupation ninety or more consecutive days during any year the [Municipality]1 shall remit or refund so much of the tax of that year as may be proportionate to the number of days that the said building or land has remained vacant and unproductive of rent. (2) When in any such [municipal area]2 a building consists of separate tenements one, or more than one of which has remained vacant and unproductive of rent for any such period as aforesaid, the [Municipality]1 may remit or refund such portion (if any) of the tax or instalment as is prescribed by rule. 259 (3) Provided that no remission shall be granted unless notice in writing of the fact of the building or land being vacant and unproductive of rent has been given to the [Municipality]1 and that no remission or refund shall take effect for any period previous to the day of the delivery of such notice. (4) The burden of proving the facts entitling a person to relief under this section shall be upon him. (5) For the purposes of this section a building or land shall not be deemed vacant, if maintained as a pleasure resort or town or country house, or be deemed unproductive of rent, if let to a tenant who has a continuing right of occupation thereof, where he is in actual occupation or not. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 139 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 152-157] Obligation to 152. (1) The owner of a building or land for which a remission or refund of the give notice of tax has been applied for or given under the last preceding section, shall give re-occupation notice of the re-occupation of such building or land within fifteen days of such re-occupation. (2) Any owner failing to give the notice required by sub-section (1) shall be punished upon conviction with a fine which shall not be less than twice the amount of tax payable on such building or land for the period during which it has been re-occupied without notice, and which may extend to fifty rupees or to ten times the amount of the said tax, whichever sum is the greater. Collection, composition, exemption and other matters relating to taxation Rules as to 153. The following matters shall be regulated and Governed by rules except in so assessment, far as provision therefor is made by this Act; namely :- collection and other matters (a) the assessment, collection or composition of taxes [***]1; (b) the prevention of evasion of taxes; (c) the system on which refunds shall be allowed and paid; (d) the fees for notices demanding payments on account of a tax and for the execution of warrants of distress; (e) the rates to be charged for maintaining live-stock distrained; and (f) any other matter relating to taxes in respect of which this Act makes no provision or insufficient provision and provision is, in the opinion of the State Government, necessary. [154. [***]2 155. [***]2 155-A [***]2 260 Composition 156. (1) Subject to the provisions of any rule, a Municipality may by a special resolution confirmed by the Prescribed Authority provide that all or any persons may be allowed to compound for a tax. (2) Every sum due by reason of the composition of a tax under sub-section (1) shall be recoverable in the manner provided by Chapter VI. Exemption 157. (1) A Municipality may exempt, for a period not exceeding one year, from the payment of a tax or any portion of a tax, imposed under this Act any person, who is in its opinion, by reason of poverty, unable to pay the same and may renew such exemption as often as it deems necessary. 1. Omitted by section 3 of Chapter-II of U.P. Act No. 09 of 1991. 2. Omitted by section 4 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 158-160] (2) A Municipality may, by a special resolution confirmed by the Prescribed Authority exempt from the payment of tax, or any portion of a tax, imposed under this Act any person or class of persons or any property or description of property. (3) The State Government may, by order exempt from payment of tax, or any portion of a tax, imposed under this Act nay person or class of persons or any property or description of property. Obligation to 158. (1) The Municipality or any Assessing Authority under this Act may by disclose liability written communication call upon an inhabitant of the municipal area to furnish such information or produce such records, books of account and documents as may be necessary in order to ascertain – (a) whether such inhabitant is liable to pay a tax imposed under this Act; (b) at what amount he should be assessed; (c) the annual value of the building or land which he occupies and the name and address of the owner. [(2) If an inhabitant so called upon to furnish information or to produce records, books of account or documents, omits to furnish or produce the same or if furnished or produced the same appears to the Municipality or the Assessing Authority to be incorrect or incomplete, the Municipality or the Assessing Authority, as the case may be shall after making such enquiry as it considers necessary make the assessment to the best of its judgment.]1 Power of 159. Subject to the conditions and restrictions specified in sub-section (2) of discovery section 287, the President, the executive officer and if authorized in this behalf by resolution, any other member, officer or servant of the [Municipality]2 may enter, inspect and measure a building for the purposes of valuation or enter and inspect a stable, coach house or other place wherein there is reason to believe that there is a vehicle or animal liable to taxation under this Act. 261 [Rounding off 159-A In computing the amount of any tax under this Act a fraction of a rupee less of figures than five paise or which is not a multiple of five paise shall be rounded off to five paise or to the next higher multiple of five paise as the case may be.]1 Appeal against taxation Appeals relating 160. (1) In the case of a tax assessed upon the annual value of buildings or lands or to taxation both an appeal against an order passed under sub-section (3) of section 143 or under sub-section (3) of section 147 and in the case of any other tax, an appeal against an assessment, or any alteration of an assessment, may be made the District Magistrate or to such other officer as may be empowered by the State Government in this behalf. (2) [***]2 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Omitted by section 140 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 161-164] Limitation and 161. No such appeal shall be heard and determined unless – preliminary deposit of tax (a) the appeal is, in the case of a tax assessed on the annual value of claimed buildings or lands or both, brought within thirty days next after the date of communication of the order (exclusive of the time requisite of obtaining a copy thereof) and in the case of any other tax, within thirty days next after the date of the receipt of the notice of assessment or of alteration of assessment or if no notice has been given, within thirty days next after the date of the first demand under the assessment or alteration of assessment; and (b) the amount claimed from the appellant has been deposited by him in the municipal office. Reference to 162. (1) If, during the hearing of an appeal under section 160, a question as to the High Court liability to or the principal of assessment of, a tax arises on which the officer hearing the appeal entertains reasonable doubt, he may, either of his own motion or on the application of a person interested, draw up a statement of the facts of the case and the point on which doubt is entertained and refer the statement with his own opinion on the point for the decision of the High Court. (2) On reference being made under sub-section (1), the subsequent proceedings in the case shall be, as nearly as may be, in conformity with the rules relating to references to the High Court contained in Order XLVI of the First Schedule of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (Act V of 1908) or such other rules as are made by the High Court under section 122 of that Code. Costs 163. (1) In every appeal the costs shall be in the discretion of the officer deciding the appeal. (2) Costs awarded under this section to the [Municipality]1 shall be recoverable by the [Municipality]1 in the manner provided by Chapter VI. 262 (3) If the [Municipality]1 fails to pay costs awarded to an appellant within ten days after the date of the communication to the [Municipality]1 of the order for payment thereof, the officer awarding the costs may order the persons having the custody of the balance of the municipal fund to pay the amount. Bar to 164. (1) No objection shall be taken to a valuation or assessment, nor shall the jurisdiction of liability of a person to be assessed or taxed by questioned in any other manner or Civil and by any other authority than is provided in this Act. Criminal courts in matters of (2) The order of the Appellate Authority confirming, setting aside or taxation modifying an order in respect of valuation or assessment or liability to assessment or taxation shall be final: 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 165-167] Provided that it shall be lawful for the Appellate Authority, upon application made within three months from the date of its original order or on its own motion, to review an order passed by it in appeal by a further order : Provided further that no order shall be reviewed by the Appellate Authority on its own motion beyond three months from its date. Formal defects in assessment and demands Savings 165. No assessment list or other list, notice, bill or other such document specifying or purporting to specify, with reference to any tax, charge, rent or fee, any person, property, thing or circumstance shall be invalid by reason only of a mistake in the name, residence, place of business or occupation of the person, or in the description of the property, thing or circumstance, or by reason of any mere clerical error or defect of form and it shall be sufficient that the person, property, thing or circumstance is described sufficiently for the purpose of identification and it shall not be necessary to name the owner or occupier of any property liable in respect of a tax. CHAPTER VI RECOVERY OF CERTAIN MUNICIPAL CLAIMS Presumption 166. (1) As soon as a person becomes liable for the payment of – of bill (a) any sum on account of tax, other than [any tax]1 payable upon immediate demand; or (b) any sum payable under clause (c) of section 196 or section 229 or section 230 in respect of the supply of water or payable in respect of any other municipal service or undertaking; or (c) any other sum declared by this Act or by rule [or bye-law] to be recoverable in the manner provided by this chapter, the [Municipality]2 263 shall, with all convenient speed cause a bill to be prescribed to the person so liable. (2) Unless otherwise provided by rule, a person shall be deemed to become liable for the payment of every tax and licence fee upon the commencement of the period in respect of which such tax or fee is payable. Contents of bill 167. Every such bill shall specify – (a) the period for which, and the property, occupation, circumstance of thing in respect of which the sum is claimed, and (b) the liability or penalty enforceable in default of payment, and 1. Subs. by sec. 5 of Chapter II of Act No.9 of 1991. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 168-170] (c) the time (if any) within which an appeal may be referred as provided in section 161. Notice of 168. If the sum for which a bill has been presented as aforesaid is not paid into demand the municipal office or to a person empowered by a regulation to receive such payments, within fifteen days from the presentation thereof, the [Municipality]1 may cause to be served upon the person liable for the payment of the said sum a notice of demand in the form set forth in Schedule IV, or to the like effect. Issue of warrant 169. (1) If the person liable for the payment of the said sum does not, within fifteen days from the service of such notice of demand either— (a) pay the sum demanded in the notice; or (b) show cause to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]1 or of such officer as the [Municipality]1 by regulation may appoint in this behalf or where there is an executive officer, of the executive officer as the case may be, why he should not pay the same; such sum with all costs of the recovery may be recovered under a warrant caused to be issued by the [Municipality]1 in the form of Schedule V, or to the like effect by distress and sale of the movable property of the defaulter. (2) Every warrant issued under this section shall be signed by the President of the [Municipality]1 or by an officer to whom the [Municipality]1 has delegated its power by regulation or by the executive officer, if any. Forcible entry 170. (1) It shall be lawful for a municipal officer to whom a warrant issued under for purpose of section 169 is addressed, to break open, at any time between sunrise and sunset executing any outer or inner door or window of a building in order to make the distress warrant 264 directed in the warrant in the following circumstances and not otherwise :-- (a) if the warrant contains a special order authorizing him in this behalf; and (b) if he has reasonable grounds for believing that the building contains property which is liable to seizure under the warrant; and (c) if after notifying his authority and purpose and duly demanding admittance, he cannot otherwise obtain admittance. (2) Provided that such officer shall not enter or break open the door of an apartment appropriated for women, until he has given any women therein an opportunity to withdraw. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 171-172] Manner of 171. (1) It shall also be lawful for such officer to distrain, wherever it may be executing found, any movable property of the person therein named as defaulter, subject to warrant the provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3). (2) The following property shall not be distrained – (a) the necessary wearing apparel and bedding of the defaulter, his wife and children; (b) the tools of artisans; (c) books of account; (d) when the defaulter is an agriculturist, his implements of husbandry, seed,grain and such cattle as may be necessary to enable him to earn his livelihood. (3) The distress shall not be excessive, that is to say, the property distrained shall be as nearly as possible equal in value to the amount recoverable under the warrant and if any articles have been distrained which in the opinion of a person authorized by or under sub-section (2) of section 169 to sign a warrant, should not have been so distrained, they shall forthwith be returned. (4) The officer shall on seizing the property forthwith make an inventory thereof and shall before removing the same give to the person in possession thereof at the time of seizure a written notice in the form of Schedule VI that the said property will be sold as shall be specified in such notice. Sale of goods 172. (1) When the property seized is subject to speedy and natural decay or when under warrant the expense of keeping it in custody together with the amount to be recovered is and application likely to exceed its value, the President or other officer by whom the warrant was of proceeds signed, shall at once give notice to the person in whose possession the property was seized to the effect that it will be sold at once and shall sell it accordingly 265 unless the amount named in the warrant be forthwith paid. (2) If not sold at once under sub-section (1), the property seized or a sufficient portion thereof may on the expiration of the time specified in the notice served by the officer executing the warrant, be sold by public auction under the orders of the [Municipality]1 unless the warrant is suspended by the person who signed it or the sum due from the defaulter is paid together with all costs incidental to the notice, warrant and distress and detention of the property. (3) The surplus, if any, shall be forthwith credited to the municipal fund, notice of such credit being given at the same time to the person from whose possession the property was taken but if the same be claimed by written application to the [Municipality]1 within one year from the date of the notice, a refund thereof shall be made to such person. Any sum not claimed within one year from the date of such notice shall be the property of the [Municipality]1. 1- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 173-177] Procedure in 173. (1) If no sufficient movable property belonging to a defaulter or being upon case of execu- the premises, in respect of which he is assessed, can be found within the tion against [municipal area]3, the District Magistrate may, on the application of the property outside [Municipality]2 issue his warrant to an officer of his Court— [municipal area]3 (a) for the distress and sale of any movable property or effects belonging to the defaulter within any other part of the jurisdiction of the Magistrate; or (b) for the distress and sale of any movable property belonging to the defaulter within the jurisdiction of the other Magistrate exercising jurisdiction within Uttar Pradesh.

(2) In the case of action being taken under clause (b) of sub-section (1), the other Magistrate shall endorse the warrant so issued and cause it to be executed and any amount recovered to be remitted to the Magistrate issuing the warrant, who shall remit the same to the [Municipality]2. [Recovery of 173-A (1) Where any sum is due on account of a tax, other than [any tax]1 payable taxes as arrears upon immediate demand, from a person to a [Municipality]2, the [Municipality]2 of land revenue may without prejudice to any other mode of recovery apply to the Collector to recover such sum together with costs of the proceedings as if it were an arrear of land revenue. (2) The Collector on being satisfied that the sum is due shall proceed to recover it as an arrear of land revenue.]3 Fees and costs 174. Fees for--- (a)every notice issued under section 168; (b)every distress made under section 171; and (c)the costs of maintaining any live-stock seized under the said section; shall be chargeable at the rates respectively specified in such behalf in rules made by the State Government and shall be included in the costs of recovery to be levied under section 169. 266 Savings 175. No distress or sale made under this Act shall be deemed unlawful, nor shall any person making the same be deemed a trespasser, on account of an error, defect or want of form in the bill, notice, warrant of distress, inventory or other proceeding relating thereto. Alternative 176. Instead of proceeding by distress and sale or in case of failure to realize power of thereby the whole or any part of the demand, the [Municipality]2 may sue the bringing suit person liable to pay the same in any Court of competent jurisdiction. Liability of 177. All sums due on account of a tax imposed on the annual value of buildings or immovable lands or of both shall, subject to the prior payment of the land revenue (if any) property for due to the Government thereupon, be a first charge upon such buildings or lands. taxes on lands or buildings 1. Subs. by section 6 of Chapter-II of U.P. Act No. 9 of 1991. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 141 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-IIIof U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 178-179] CHAPTER VII POWERS AND PENALTIES IN RESPECT OF BUILDINGS, PUBLIC DRAINS, STREETS, EXTINCTION OF FIRES, SCAVENGING AND WATER SUPPLY Building regulations Notice of 178. (1) Before beginning, within the limits of [municipal area]1 – intention to (a) to erect a new building or new part of a building; or erect building or make well (b) to re-erect, or make a material alteration in a building; or (c) to make or enlarge a well; a person shall give notice of his intention to the [Municipality]2. (2) The notice referred to in subsection (1) as required in the case of a building shall only be necessary where the building, abuts on or is adjacent to a public street or property vested in Government, or in the [Municipality]2, unless by a bye-law applicable to the area in which the building is situated, the necessity of giving notice is extended to all buildings. (3) An alteration in a building shall, for the purposes of this chapter and of any bye-law, be deemed to be material, if— (a) it affects or is likely to affect prejudicially the stability or safety of the building or the condition of the building in respect of the drainage, ventilation, sanitation or hygiene; or (b) it increases or diminishes the height of area covered by or cubical capacity of the building or reduces the cubical capacity of any room in the building below the minimum prescribed in any bye-law; or (c) it converts into a place for human habitation a building or part of a building originally constructed for the other purposes; or (d) it is an alteration declared by a bye-law made in this behalf to be a 267 material alteration. Plans and 179. (1) Where a bye-law has been made prescribing and requiring any specifications information and plan in addition to a notice, no notice under section 178 shall be required to considered to be valid until the information, if any, required by such bye-law has validate notice been furnished to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]2. (2) In any other case, the [Municipality]2 may, within one week of the receipt of the notice required by section 178, require a person who has given such notice to furnish a plan and specification of any existing or proposed building or part of a building or well together with a site plan of land, with such reasonable details as the [Municipality]2 may prescribe in its requisition; and in such case, the notice shall not be considered to be valid until such plans and specification have been furnished to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]2. 1. Subs. by section 141 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 180-180A] Sanction of 180. (1) Subject to the provisions of any bye-law the [Municipality]1 may either work by refuse to sanction any work of which notice has been given under section 178 or [Municipality]1 may sanction it absolutely or subject to— (a) any written directions that the [Municipality]1 deems fit to issue in respect of all or any of the matters mentioned in sub-head (h) of heading A of section 298; or (b) a written direction requiring the set-back of the building or part of a building to the regular line of the street prescribed under section 222 or in default of any regular line prescribed under that section, to the line of frontage of any neighboring buildings. (2) In the case of a refusal to sanction under sub-section (1), the [Municipality] shall communicate in writing the reasons for such refusal to the person giving notice under section 178. (3) Should the [Municipality]1 neglect or omit for one month after the receipt of a valid notice under section 178 to make and deliver to the person who has given such notice and order of the nature specified in sub-section (1) in respect thereof such person may by a written communication call the attention of the [Municipality]1 to the omission or neglect and if such omission or neglect continues for a further period of fifteen days, the [Municipality]1 shall be deemed to have sanctioned the proposed work absolutely. (4) Provided that nothing in sub-section (3) shall be construed to authorize any person to act in contravention of this Act or of any bye-law. (5) No person shall commence any work of which notice has been given under section 178 until sanction has been given or deemed to have been given under this section. (6) The [Municipality]1 may within six months cancel or modify a sanction granted by it under sub-section (1) if it is found that the sanction was secured through fraud or misrepresentation and any work done thereunder shall be 268 deemed to have been done without such sanction : Provided that before canceling or modifying any sanction, the [Municipality]1 shall give a reasonable opportunity to the party concerned of being heard. [Restriction on 180-A Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or any bye-law made the power of a thereunder, the construction of, or any addition to any building of public [Municipality]1 entertainment or any addition thereto shall not except with the previous approval to sanction of the State Government, be sanctioned by a [Municipality]1, if the site of, or construction of proposed for such building is— a place of entertainment in (a) within a radius of one furlong from— certain cases (i) any residential institution attached to a recognized educational institution such a college, a high school or girls school; or (ii) a public hospital with a large indoor patient ward; or 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 181-183] (iii) an orphanage containing one hundred or more in mates; or (b) in any thickly populated residential area which is either exclusively residential or reserved or used generally for residential as distinguished from business purposes; or (c) in any area reserved for residential purposes by any housing or planning scheme or otherwise under any enactment : Provided that no permission to construct any building intended to be used for cinematograph exhibition shall be given unless the [Municipality]3 is satisfied that sanction to the plans and specifications have been obtained in accordance with the rules famed under the Cinematograph Act, 1918.]1 Duration of 181. (1) A sanction given or deemed to have been given by a [Municipality]3 sanction under section 180 shall be available for one year or for such lesser period as may be prescribed by bye-law [unless it is extended by the [Municipality]3 for a further period up to one year.]2 (2) After the expiry of the said period the proposed work may not be commenced except in pursuance of a fresh sanction applied for and granted under the same section. Inspection of 182. The [President]2, the executive officer and if authorized in this behalf by works requiring resolution any other member, officer or servant of the [Municipality]3 may, at sanction any time and without warning inspect any work in respect of which notice is required under section 178 :-- (a) while under construction; or (b) within one month of the receipt of a report that it has been completed or in default of such report, any time after completion. 269 Compensation 183. Notwithstanding anything contained in section 125 , a person giving notice for damage under section 178, shall not be entitled to any compensation for damage or loss sustained sustained by reason of any order passed by a [Municipality]3 under section 180, through order unless- passed under (a) the order is passed on some ground other than the proposed section 180 work would contravene a bye-law or be prejudicial to the health or safety of the public or any person; or (b) the order contained a direction of the nature specified in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 180; or (c) the order is an order of refusal to sanction the re-erection of a building on the ground that it is unsuitable in plan or design to the locality or is intended for a purpose unsuitable to the locality, or contravenes a bye- law under sub-head (f) of heading A of section 298. 1- Added by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 3- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 184-188] Effect of 184. (1) A sanction given or deemed to have been given under section 180 shall sanction under not beyond exempting the person to whom the sanction is given or deemed to section 180 have been given from any penalty or consequence to which he would otherwise be liable under sections 185, 186 or 222, confer or extinguish any right or disability, or operate as an estoppel or admission or affect any title to property or have any other legal effect whatsoever. (2) In particular such sanction shall not operate to relieve any person from the obligation imposed by section 209 to obtain separate sanction for any structure referred to therein. Illegal erection 185. Whoever begins, continues or completes the erection or erection of, or any or alteration of a material alteration in a building or part of a building or the construction or building enlargement of a well, without giving the notice required by section 178 ,or in contravention of the provisions of section 180, sub–section (5) or , of an order of the [municipality]2 refusing sanction or any written directions made by the [municipality]2 under section 180 or any bye-law, shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to [one thousand rupees]1 but which, in the absence of special and adequate reasons to the contrary to be mentioned in the judgment of the court shall not be less than two hundred and fifty rupees. Power of 186. The [municipality]2 may at any time by written notice direct the owner or [municipality]2 occupier of any land to stop the erection, re-erection or alteration of a building or to stop erection part of or part of a building or the construction or enlargement of a well thereon and to demolish in any case where the [municipality]2 considers that such erection, re- erection, building erected alteration, construction or enlargement is an offence under section 185 and may, in like manner, direct the alteration or demolition as it deems necessary of the building, part of a building, or the well, as the case may be. Extinction of fire Establishment 187. The [Municipality]2 may establish and maintain a fire- brigade and may 270 and maintenance provide any implements, machinery, or means of communicating intelligence of fire–brigade which it thinks necessary for the prevention and extinction of fire. Power of fire- 188. (1) On the occasion of a fire in a [municipal area]3 any magistrate ,any brigade and member of the [Municipality area]3, the executive officer, the engineer or a other persons for secretary of the [Municipality area]3, or any member of the fire–brigade directing suppression of its operations and (if required so to do by a magistrate, a member of the fires [Municipality area]3, the executive officer, the engineer or a secretary of the [Municipality area]3, any police officer above the rank of constable, may,- (a) remove, or order the removal of any person who by his presence interferes with or impedes the operations for extinguishing the fire or for saving life or property, (b) close any street or passage in or near which a fire is burning, 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Chapter-III subs. by section 72 of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 141 ibid. 4. Chapter-III subs. by section 32 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 189-191] (c) for the purpose of extinguishing the fire, break into or through or pull down or cause to be broken into or through or pulled down or used for the passage of houses or other appliances, any premises; (d) cause mains and pipes to be shut off as to give greater pressure of water in on near the place where the fire has occurred, (e) call on the person in-charge of a fire–engine to render such assistance as may be possible, and (f) generally take such measures as may appear necessary for the preservation of life or property . (2) No person shall be liable to pay damages for an act done by him under sub- section (1) in good faith. (3) Any damage done in the exercise of a power conferred for a duty imposed by this section shall be deemed to be damaged by fire within the meaning of a policy of insurance against fire. Public drains Construction of 189. (1) The [Municipality]1 may construct, within, or subject to the provisions public drains of sub- section (2) of section 120, outside the [Municipal area]2 such drains as it thinks necessary for keeping the [municipal area]2 properly cleansed and may carry such drains through, across or under any street or place, and after reasonable notice in writing to the owner or occupier, into, through or under any buildings or land. (2) Provided that no drain shall be constructed within the limits of a cantonment without the approval of the State Government and otherwise than with the concurrence of the General Officer Commanding of the division in which such cantonment is situate or, in the event of such concurrence being 271 withheld, the previous sanction of the [Central Government]. Alteration of 190. (1) The [Municipality]1 may, from time to time ,enlarge ,lessen , alter the public drains course or cover in or otherwise improve a public drain and may discontinue, close up or remove any such drain. (2) The exercise of the power conferred by sub-section (1) shall be subject to the condition that the [Municipality]1 shall provide another and equally effective drain in place of any existing drain of the use of which any person is deprived by the exercise of the said power. Use of public 191. (1) The owner or occupier of a building or land within the [municipal area]2 drains by private shall be entitled to cause his drains to empty into the drains of the owners [Municipality]1 : 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 141 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 192-193] Provided that he first obtains the written permission of the [Municipality]1 and that he complies with such conditions consistent with any bye-law as the [Municipality]1 prescribes as to the mode in which, and the superintendence under which the communications are to be made between drains not vested in the [Municipality]1 and drains which are so vested. (2) Whoever, without the written permission of the [Municipality]1 or in contravention of any bye –law or of any direction or condition made or imposed under sub-section (1) make or causes to be made or alters or causes to be altered, a connection of a drain belonging to himself or to some other person with a drain vested in the [Municipality area]2 , shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees, and the [Municipality]1 may by written notice require such person to close, demolish, alter, remake or otherwise deal with such connection as it deems fit. Power of 192. (1) When a building or land situated within one hundred feet of a public [Municipality]1 drain is at any time not drained to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]1 by any to enforce or a sufficient drainage connection with such drain, the [Municipality]1 may, by drainage notice require the owner or occupier of such building or land to make and connection with maintain a drainage connection with the drain in such manner as the public drains [Municipality , subject to the provisions of any bye-law directs. (2) The provisions of sections of sections 306to 312 (inclusive) shall apply to default in compliance with any such requisition, notwithstanding that part of the land through which the said drainage connection is required to pass may not belong to the person so making default unless he shall prove that the default was caused by the act of the owner or occupier of such last mentioned land, and he has made application to the [Municipality]1 under section 193. Power of private 193. (1) Any person desiring that an existing or proposed drain on his land shall person to carry a be carried through or under the building or land , or connected with the drain ,of 272 drain through another person owning a building or land abutting on, or a drain connected with the land of a municipal drain my apply to the [Municipality]1. another person (2) The [Municipality]1 on receiving an application under sub section (1) may call upon the other person to show cause ,within specified period, why the applicant’s drain should not be carried through or under his building or land or connected with his drain. (3)The [Municipality]1 shall hear any objection made by such person if submitted within the specified period, and thereafter, if it considers that the drain or drainage connection shall be made shall record and order to this effect. (4) The order shall set out in writing,- (a) the period within which the parties shall come to an agreement as to the construction of the drain or drainage connection ; 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 141 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 194-196] (b) the period within which the drain or drainage connection shall be made; (c) the respective r responsibilities of the parties concerned for the maintenance, repair and cleansing of the drain or drainage connection when made; and (d) the sum (if any) payable ,whether in the form of rent or otherwise, by the person making the application to the owner of the land, building or drain, as the case may be. (5) If the sum awarded under clause (d) of sub-section (4) takes the form of a lump payment ,the [Municipality]1 may recover it in the manner provided by chapter VI and pay any sum recovered to the person to whom it is due. If a rent has been awarded, the person to whom it is due may recover it by suit in any civil court having jurisdiction. (6) If the parties concerned fail to agree within the period specified in the order, or if the drain or drainage connection is not constructed within the period specified for its construction the [Municipality]1 may itself construct it and may recover the cost from the applicant in the manner provided by chapter VI. Right of owner 194. The owner of any land into, through or under which a drain has been carried to divert drain under the provisions of the preceding section may, at any time ,with the written on his land permission of the [Municipality]1 and subject to such conditions as the [Municipality]1 impose ,divert the drain at his own expense. Scavenging and cleansing Definition of 195. House–scavenging means the removal of filth, rubbish, odour or other house- offensive matter from the dust-bin, privy, cesspool or other receptacle for such scavenging matter in or pertaining to a house or a building. 273 Adoption and 196. Subject to the provisions hereinafter contained with respect to the rights of relinquishment customary sweepers and of agriculturists ,the [Municipality]1 may.- by [Municipality]1 (a) by public notice, undertake the house –scavenging of any houses or of house– buildings or the collection, removal and disposal of excrementitious and scavenging, etc. polluted matter from privies, urinals and cesspools in the [Municipal area]2 from date not less than two months after issue of the notice; (b) after giving by public notice or otherwise not less than two months notice to the parties concerned, relinquish an undertaking under clause (a); (c) on the application or with the consent of the occupier at any time undertake the house –scavenging of a house or building or the collection, removal and disposal of excrementitious and polluted matter from privies, urinals and cesspools in any building or on any land or the removal of other offensive matter or rubbish from a building or land , on terms to be fixed by bye-law in this behalf; and 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 141 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 197-201] (d) after giving not less than two months’ notice to the occupier relinquish an undertaking under clause (c). Objections to 197. (1) The occupier of a house or building affected by a notice issued under adoption clause (a) of section 196 may, at any time after the issue thereof, apply to the [Municipality] to exclude that house or building from the notice. (2) The [Municipality]1 shall consider and pass orders upon such application within six weeks of the receipt thereof, and may by such order exclude such house or building from the notice. (3) In deciding whether to exclude a house or building from the notice, the [Municipality]1 shall consider, among other matters, the efficiency of the arrangements for house-scavenging made by the occupier. Continuance of 198. When the [Municipality]1 has undertaken the house –scavenging of a house house-scavenging or building under section 196, it may continue to perform such house-scavenging once adopted by with or without the consent of the occupier for the time being of such house or [Municipality] building. Powers of 199. The servants of the [Municipality]1 employed in house-scavenging may, at municipal all reasonable times, do all things necessary for the proper performance of servants for any house-scavenging undertaken by the [Municipality]1. house scavenging Savings in 200. Notwithstanding any thing in section 196, the [Municipality]1 shall not, favour of except in accordance with the provisions of sections 201 and 202- customary sweepers and of (a) undertake the house-scavenging of a house or building in respect agriculturists whereof a sweeper has a customary right to do such house-scavenging 274 without the consent of the sweeper, or (b) undertake the house-scavenging of a house or building occupied by an agriculturist who himself cultivates land within [Municipal area]2 or in a village coterminous therewith without the consent of the occupier. Punishment of 201. (1) Should a sweeper, who has a customary right to do the house- customary scavenging of a house or building (hereinafter called the customary sweeper) fail sweepers for to perform such house-scavenging in a proper way the occupier of the house or negligence building or the [Municipality]1 may complain to a magistrate. (2) The magistrate receiving such complaint shall hold an inquiry, and, should it appear to him that the customary sweeper has failed to perform the house-scavenging of the house or building in a proper way or at reasonable intervals, he may impose upon such sweeper a fine which may extend to ten rupees, and upon a second or any later conviction in regard to the same house scavenging of the house or building to be forfeited, and thereupon such right shall be forfeited : 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 142 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 202-204] Provided that the magistrate may at any stage during the pendency of the case under this sub-section authorize the [Municipality]1 to undertake the house- scavenging of such house or building till final orders in the case are passed by him. Procedure in 202. (1) Should an agriculturist who himself cultivates land within [municipal case of default area]2 or in a village coterminous therewith fail to provide for the proper house- by agriculturists scavenging of a house or building occupied by him the [Municipality]1 may complain to a magistrate. (2) The magistrate receiving the complaint shall hold an inquiry and should it appear to him that the agriculturist has not provided for the proper house-scavenging of the house or building, he may pass an order empowering the [Municipality]1 to undertake the same, and thereupon the [Municipality]1 shall be entitled to undertake such house –scavenging. Street regulations Provisions of 203. Except where a site abuts a public or private street, if any person owning or laying out and possessing any land not hitherto used for building purposes intends to utilize, making a street sell, lease or otherwise transfer such land or any portion thereof as site for the before the construction of a building, he shall, before utilizing, selling ,letting or otherwise construction of a transferring such site, lay out and make a street which shall connect such site building on a with an existing public or private street. site which does not abut a public or private street Permission to 204. (1) Every person before beginning to lay out or make a new private street lay out and shall submit an application in writing to the [Municipality]1 seeking permission 275 make a street to lay out or make such street and shall, along with such application ,submit plans showing the following particulars,- (a) the proposed level, direction and width of the street, (b) the street alignment and the building line and shall also state in the application the arrangements to be made for the leveling, paving, metalling, flagging, channeling, swearing, draining, conserving and lighting of the street. (2) The provisions of this act and of any rules or bye–laws made thereunder as to the level and width of a public street and the height of a building abutting thereon shall apply to the case of a street referred to in sub-section (1) and all other particulars referred to in that sub-section shall be subject to the approval of the [Municipality]. (3) Within 60 days after the receipt of an application under sub-section (1) the [Municipality]1 shall either sanction the laying out or the making of the street on such conditions as it may think fit to impose or disallow it, or ask for further information with respect to it within a specified reasonable period. (4) Such sanction may be refused- 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 142 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 205-207] (i) if the proposed street would conflict with any arrangements which have been made or which are in the opinion of the [Municipality]1, likely to be made for carrying out any general scheme of street improvement, or (ii) if the proposed street does not conform to the provisions of the Act, rules and bye-laws referred to in sub-section (2), or (iii) if the proposed street is not designed so as to connect at least at one end with a public or a private street which is already connected with a public street. (5) No person shall lay out or make any new private street or road without or otherwise than in conformity with the orders of the [Municipality]1, if further information is asked for under sub-section (3) the laying out or making of the street shall not be commenced until orders have been passed on the application after receipt of such information: Provided that the passing of such orders shall not in any case be delayed by more than 30 days after the [Municipality]1 has received all the information which it considers necessary for the final disposal of the application. [Sanction of the 205. Should the [Municipality]1 neglect or omit for 60 days after the receipt of [Municipality]1 an application under sub-section (1) of section 204 or if an order has been issued to be presumed under sub-section (3) asking for further information, fail within a period for laying out specified in such order to deliver to the person who has submitted the and making of a application, particulars of the information required by the [municipality]1, such street in certain person may by a written communication, call the attention of the [Municipality]1 cases. to the omission, neglect or failure, and if such omission, neglect or failure continues for a further period of 30 days, the [Municipality]1 shall be deemed to 276 have sanctioned the laying out and making of the proposed street absolutely : Provided that nothing contained herein shall be construed to authorize any person to act in contravention of any provisions of the Act or any bye-laws. Duration of 206. (1) A sanction given or deemed to have been given by a [Municipality]1 sanction under Section 204 and 205 shall be available for one year. (2) After the expiry of the said period the proposed street may not be commenced except in pursuance of a further sanction applied for and granted under the foregoing section. Illegal making 207. Whoever begins, continues or completes the laying out or making of a of a street street without giving the notice required by section 204 or in contravention of any written directions made by the [Municipality]1 under section 205 or any bye- law or any provision of this Act shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to five hundred rupees. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 208-211] Power of 208. (1) If any person lays out or makes any street referred to in section 204, [Municipality]1 without or otherwise than in conformity with the orders of the [Municipality]1, to alter unsanc- the [Municipality]1 may, notwithstanding any prosecution which may have been tioned street and started against the offender under this Act, by notice in writing,- demolish the same (a) require the offender to show sufficient cause by a written statement signed by him and sent to the [Municipality]1 on or before such date as may be specified in the notice, why such street should not be altered to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]1, or if such alteration be impracticable, why such street should not be demolished, or (b) require the offender to appear before the [Municipality]1 either personally or by a duly authorized agent, on such day and at such time and place as may be specified in the notice, and show cause as aforesaid. (2) If any person on whom such notice is served fails to show sufficient cause to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]1, the [Municipality]1 may pass such order directing the alteration or demolition of the street as it thinks fit. Sanction of 209. (1) Subject to any rules made by the State Government prescribing the [Municipality]1 conditions for the sanction by a [Municipality]1 of projections over streets or to projections drains, a [Municipality]1 may give written permission, where provision is made over street and by a bye –law for the giving of such permission,- drains (a) to the owners or occupiers of buildings in or on streets to erect or re-erect open verandahs, balconies, or rooms, to project over the street from any upper storey thereof, at such height from the surface of the street, and to such an extent beyond the line of the plinth or basement wall as are prescribed in such bye-laws; and (b) to the owner or occupier of any building or land to erect or re- 277 erect any projection or structure so as to overhang, project into, or encroach on or over a drain in a street to such an extend, and in accordance with such conditions, as are in like manner prescribed. (2) In giving permission, under clause (a) of sub-section (1), a [Municipality]1 may prescribe the extent to which, and the conditions under which, any roofs, caves, weather-boards, shop-boards and the like may be allowed to project over such streets. Penalty for 210. Any person erecting or re-erecting any such projection or structure as is construction of referred to in section 209 without the permission thereby required or in projections over contravention of any permission given thereunder shall be liable for conviction streets or drains to a fine which may extend to one thousand rupees and in the absence of special without and adequate reasons to the contrary to be mentioned in the judgment of the permission court shall not be less than two hundred and fifty rupees. Power to remove 211. The [Municipality]1 may by notice, require the owner or occupier of a encroachments building to remove, or to alter a projection or structure overhanging, projecting and projections into or encroaching on a street, or into on or over any drain, sewer or aqueduct over streets and therein : drains 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III f U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 212-213] Provided that in the case of any such projection or structure lawfully in existence on or before the tenth day of march 1900, the [Municipality]1 shall make compensation for any damage caused by the removal or alteration, which shall not exceed ten times the cost of erection and demolition. Power to require 212. [(1) If any private street or part thereof is not leveled, paved, metalled, leveling, paving, flagged, channelled, sewered, drained, conserved, or lighted to the satisfaction of etc. of a street the [Municipality]1, the [Municipality]1 may by notice require the owners or occupiers of premise [or lands], fronting, or abutting such street or part thereof to carry out any work which in its opinion may be necessary, and within such time as may be specified in such notice. (2) If such work is not carried out within the time specified in the notice, the [Municipality]1 may, if it thinks fit, execute it and the expenses incurred shall be recovered from the owner or occupiers in default under chapter VI according to the frontage of their respective premises or lands and in such proportion as may be settled by the [Municipality]1. (3) If any street has been leveled, paved, metalled, flagged, channelled, sewered, drained, conserved and lighted under the provisions of the preceding sub-section, such street shall, on the requisition of not less than three-fourths of the owners thereof, be declared a public street]. Power of the 212-A [Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, a [Municipality]1 to [Municipality]1 may subject to such conditions and limitations as may be control and prescribed, control and regulate under this chapter the construction of any regulate the building, street or drain beyond the [limits of municipal area]3 up to a distance of construction of any building or five miles. 278 street and drains beyond [Municipal area]2 Power to require 213. (1) No person shall cut down any tree or cut off a branch of any tree, or the protection of erect or re-erect or demolish any building or part of a building, or alter or repair streets during the outside of any building where such action is of a nature to cause obstruction, erection of danger or annoyance or risk of obstruction, danger or annoyance, to any person buildings, etc. using a street, without the previous permission in writing of the [Municipality]1. (2) The [Municipality]1 may at any time by notice require that any person doing or proposing to do any of the act referred to in sub-section (1) shall refrain from beginning or continuing the act unless he puts up, maintains, and provides from sunset to sunrise with sufficient lighting such hoardings or screens as are specified or described in the notice, and may further at any time by notice required the removal, within a time to be specified in the notice, of any screen or hoarding erecting in anticipation or in pursuance of the said acts. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 143 (a) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 143 (b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 214-218] (3) Whoever contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to [five hundred] rupees and to a further fine which may extend to [ten] rupees for every day on which contravention continues after the date of the first conviction.]1 Power to require 214. The [municipality]2 may, by notice, require the owner or occupier of any trimming of land to cut or trim the hedges growing thereon and bordering on a street, or any hedges and branches of trees growing thereon which overhang a street and obstruct the same trees or cause danger. Power to remove 215. When a private house, wall or other erection or anything fixed thereto or a accidental tree shall fall sown and obstruct a public drain or encumber a street, the obstruction. [Municipality]2 may remove such obstruct or encumbrance at the expense of the owner of the same and may recover such expense in the manner provided by chapter VI, or may, by notice require the owner to remove the same within a time to be specified in the notice. Regulation of 216. The [Municipality]2 may, by notice, require the owner or occupier of any troughs and building or land abutting on a street to put up and keep in good condition proper drain troughs and pipes for receiving and carrying off the water from the building or water pipes land, and for discharging the same in such manner as the [Municipality] may affecting a street think fit, so as not to inconvenience persons passing along the street. Naming of 217. (1) The [Municipality]2 may,- streets and numbering of (a) [with the prior approval of the Prescribed Authority]1 cause a 279 buildings name or a new name to be given to a street, and (b) cause the name or a new name to be affixed to or marked on any building in such position as it thinks fit, or (c) require by a written notice the owner or occupier of any building to affix thereto a number plate or new number plate to a pattern approved by the [Municipality]2 or itself cause a number or a new number to be affixed to or marked on any building. (2) Any person destroying, pulling down, defacing or altering any name or number or number plate affixed to or marked on a building under sub-section (1) or affixing to marking on a building a different name or number from that affixed or marked by or under the order of the [Municipality]2 shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to [two hundred and fifty rupees]1. Power to attach 218. (1) The [Municipality]2 may erect upon any premises or attach to the brackets to outside of any building or to any tree- buildings, etc. 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 219] (a) posts, brackets or other supports for oil, gas, electric or other lamps, (b) posts, brackets or other supports for telegraph wires, telephone wires or wires conducting electricity for locomotive purposes, or (c) shafts or pipes deemed necessary for the proper ventilation of drains and water-works. (2) Provided that the erection or attachment of such supports, shafts and pipes shall not be effected in a manner to occasion injury or inconvenience and shall be subject, so far as may be, to any provisions of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, applying to the attachment, removal or alteration of a telegraph line or posts. Public streets Power to 219. A [Municipality]1 may,- construct improve and (a) lay out and make a new public street and construct tunnels and provide sites other works subsidiary to the same, and on public streets (b) widen, lengthen, extend, enlarge or otherwise improve any existing public street if vested in the [Municipality]1; and (c) turn, divert, discontinue or close any public street so vested, and (d) provide within its discretion building sites of such dimensions 280 as it thinks fit to abut on or adjoin any public street made, widened, lengthened extended, enlarged or improved by the[Municipality]1 under clauses (a), (b) and (c) or by the State Government, and (e) subject to the provisions of any rule prescribing the conditions on which property may be acquired by the [Municipality]1 acquire any land along with the buildings thereon, which it considers necessary for the purpose of any scheme or work undertaken or projected in exercise of the powers conferred by the preceding clauses, and (f) subject to the provisions of any rule prescribing the conditions on which property vested in the [Municipality]1 may be transferred, lease, sell or otherwise dispose of any property acquired by the [Municipality]1 under clause (e) or any land used by the [Municipality]1 for a public street and no longer required therefore, and in doing so impose any condition as to the removal of any building existing thereon, as to the description of any new building to be erected thereon, as to the period within which such new building shall be completed, and as to any other matter that it deems fit. 1. Subs. by section of Chapter-III 72 of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 220-222] Use of public 220. Notwithstanding any right or privilege (previously) acquired, accrued. or streets by enjoyed in a [Municipal area]2 for which bye-laws under sub-head (b) of heading vendors and E of section 298 have been made and are in force, no itinerant vendor, or any other persons other person shall be entitled to use or occupy any public street or place for the sale of articles or for the exercise of any calling or for the setting up of any booth or stall without the permission of the [Municipality]1 given in accordance with such bye-laws. Adoption of a 221. (1) A [Municipality]1 may at any time and shall, when required by a street as a public requisition under sub-section (3) of section 212 by public notice posted up in street street that is not a public street or in part of such street, give intimation of its intention to declare the same a public street. Within two months next after such notice has been posted up the owner or owners of such street or such part of a street, or of a greater portion thereof, may lodge objection at the municipal office against the notice. The [Municipality]1 shall consider the objections lodged, and if it rejects them, may by further public notice posted up in such street or such part declare the same to be a public street. (2) Any public notice required under sub-section (1) shall, in addition to being posted up in the street, be published in a local paper (if any) or in such other manner as the [Municipality]1 thinks fit. Power to 222. (1) Whenever the [Municipality]1 considers it expedient to define the regulate line of general line of buildings on each or either side of any existing or proposed public buildings on street, it shall give public notice of its intention to do so. public streets (2) Every such notice shall specify a period within which objections will be 281 received. (3) The [Municipality]1 shall consider all objection received within the specified period and may then pass a resolution defining the said line, and the line so defined shall be called “the regular line of the street.” (4) Thereafter it shall not be lawful for any person to erect, re-erect or alter a building or part of a building so as to project beyond the regular line of the street, unless he is authorized to do so by a sanction granted under section 180 or by a permission in writing (and the [Municipality]1 is hereby empowered to grant such permission under this section. (5) Any owner of land who is prevented by the provisions of this section from erecting, re-erecting or altering any building on any land may require the [Municipality]1 to make compensation for any damage which he may sustain by reason of such prevention and upon the payment of compensation in respect of any land situated within the regular line of the street such land shall vest in the [Municipality]1. (6) The [municipality]1 may, by notice, require the alteration or demolition of any building or part of a building erected, re-erected of altered in contravention of any building or part of a building erected, re-erected or altered in contravention of sub-section (4). 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 142 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 223-224] Duties of 223. (1) The [Municipality]1 shall, during the construction or repair of a public [Municipality]1 street or of any water-works, drains or premises vested in it, or whenever any when public street, water-works, drains or premises vested in it have, for want of repair constructing or otherwise become unsafe for use by the public, take all necessary precautions public streets, against accident by,- etc. (a) shoring up and protecting adjacent buildings, and (b) fixing bars, chains or posts across or in any street for the purpose of preventing or diverting traffic during such construction or repair, and (c) guarding and providing with sufficient lighting from sunset to sunrise any work in progress.

(2) Whoever, without the authority or consent of the [Municipality]1 in any way interferes with any arrangement or construction made by the [Municipality]1 under sub-section (1) or guarding against accident shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees. Water supply Power of 224. The [municipality]1 may,- [Municipality]1 to construct and (a) construct water- works within or, subject to the provision of sub- alter water-works section (2) of section 120, outside the [Municipal area]2, and may carry such works through, across, over or under any street or place, and after reasonable notice in writing to the owner or occupier, into through, over or 282 under any buildings or land. (b) from time to time enlarge, lessen, alter the course of, cover in or otherwise improve any water –works and discontinue, close up or remove the same, (c) with the previous sanction of the state Government, grant to any person or company a license to supply water within [Municipal area]2 and for this purpose to lay down mains and pipes, construct water-works and do all other necessary acts or things and (d) with the same sanction, transfer all or any part of it existing water-works to the management of such licensee : Provided that such sanction shall not be given unless the State Government is satisfied that it will be in the best interest of the public concerned. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 144 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 224A-224C] [Powers and 224.A (1) When a licence is granted under clause (c) of section 224, the rate at liabilities of which, the manner in which, and the person by whom, payments shall be made licensee to the licensee for water supplied by him and the terms and conditions on which the licensee may grant water connections to the consumers shall be settled between the [Municipality]1 and the licensee and entered in the licence, and the [Municipality] may delegate to the licensee any of the powers conferred on it by this Act or rules relating to water-works and water-supply : Provided that the power of assessment of water-tax and of its recovery otherwise than by a civil suit shall not be delegated to the licensee. (2) Such licensee with the previous sanction of the [Municipality]3 may exercise the powers conferred on the [Municipality]3 by section 225 and 227 of this Act.]1 [Revocation of 224.B Every licence granted under clause (c) of section 224 shall, if not already existing licenses revoked stand revoked with effect from June 13, 1975.]2 [Provisions 224.C (1) Where the licence of a licensee is revoked under section 224-B as it where licence of stood immediately before the commencement of the U.P. Municipalities a licensee is (Amendment) Act, 1975 or where such licence stands revoked by virtue of the revoked new section 224-B as substituted by the said Act, all the property pertaining to the water-works (namely, all existing water supply services including all plants, machinery, water-works, pumping sets, filter beds, water mains and pipes laid sown along, over or under any public street, and all buildings and other works, materials, stores and things appurtenant thereto)belonging to or vested in the 283 licensee immediately before the date of revocation of the licence (hereinafter in this section referred to as the said date) shall as from the said date vest in and stand transferred to the [Municipality]3 free from any debt, mortgage or similar obligation of the licensee attached to such property: Provided that any such debt, mortgage or similar obligation shall attach to the amount referred to in sub-section (2) in substitution for such property: (2) Where any property belonging to the licensee vests in the [Municipality]3 under sub-section (1) not being water-works of which only the management was transferred to him by the [Municipality]3 under clause (d) of section 224 the [Municipality] shall pay to such licensee an amount determined as hereinafter provided in this section: Provided that the licensee shall in addition to the said amount, be paid interest thereon on the Reserve Bank rate ruling on the said date plus one per centum for the period from the said date to the date of payment of the said amount. (3) The State Government shall appoint, by order in writing, a person having adequate knowledge and experience in matters relating to accounts, to be special Officer to assess any amount payable under this section to the licensee after making the deductions mentioned in this section. 1. Subs. by U.P. Act No. 6 of 1933. 2. Added by section 2 of U.P. Act No. 45 of 1975. 3. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 224-C] (4) (a) The Special Officer may call for the assistance of such officers and staff of the State Government in the Local Self-Government Engineering Department or of the licensee as he deems fit for assessing the rent amount payable. (b) The special Officer shall have the same powers as are vested in a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, when trying a suit, in respect of the following matters:- (i) enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath; (ii) compelling the production of documents; and (iii) issuing commission for the examination of witnesses. The Special Officer shall also have such further powers as may be specified by the State Government by notification in the Gazette. (5) The gross amount payable to such licensee shall be the aggregate value of the amounts specified below- (i) the book value of all completed works in beneficial use pertaining to the water-works and taken over by the [Municipality]1 (excluding works paid for by the consumers), less depreciation calculated in accordance with the Table appended to this section; (ii) the book value of works in progress taken over, excluding works paid for by the consumers or prospective consumers; 284 (iii) the book value of all stores, including spare parts taken over, and in the case of used stores and spare parts, if taken over, such sum as may be decided upon by the Special Officer; (iv) the book value of all other fixed assets in use on the said date and taken over, less depreciation calculated in accordance with the said Table.; (v) the book value of all plants and equipments existing on the said date if taken over, but no longer in use owing to wear and tear or to obsolescence, to the extent such value has not been written off in accordance with the said Table. Explanation-- The book value of any fixed asset means its original cost, and shall comprise- (i) the purchase price paid by the licensee for the asset, including the cost of delivery and all charges properly incurred in erecting and bringing the asset into beneficial use, as shown in the books of the licensee, (ii) the cost of supervision actually incurred, but not exceeding fifteen per cent of the amount referred to in paragraph (i) : Provided that before deciding the amount under this sub-section the licensee shall be given an opportunity by the special Officer of being heard, after giving him a notice of at least 15 days therefor. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section -224-C] (6) The [Municipality]1 shall be entitled to deduct the following sums from the gross amount payable under sub-section (5) to the licensee- (a) all amounts and arrears of interest if any, thereon due from the licensee to the [Municipality]1 ; (b) all amounts and arrears of interest, if any, thereon, due to the State Government or the State Electricity Board ; (c) any amount of wages, bonus, gratuity, provident fund or other payments due to remaining unpaid on the said date to persons employed as workmen (within the meaning of the U.P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, in connection with the water-works ; (d) any amount which licensee may have failed to pay in respect of either his contribution or the employees’ contribution realized by him or any other dues recoverable from licensee under the Employees’ provident fund Act, 1952 or the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 in respect of persons employed in connection with the water- works . (7) The liability of the licensee towards the state Government or the state Electricity Board or towards his employees, as the case may be to the extent of deducations made under sub-section (7) shall stand discharged. Upon any such deduction being made the [Municipality]1 shall to that extent be liable to make payment to the State Government, the State Electricity Board or the workmen as the case may be. (8) Where the gross amount payable to the licensee is equal to or less than the amount to be deducted under this section no payment shall be made to the 285 licensee by the [Municipality]1. (9) The amount, if any, payable by the [Municipality]1 to the licensee shall be as determined by the Special Officer under sub-section (5), (6) , (8) and nothing in section 324 shall be construed to apply in relation to the determination of the amount payable by the [Municipality]1 under this section. Table of depreciation based on the period of life expectancy of various assets There shall be declared for each year in respect of fixed assets employed in the licensee’s undertaking such an amount as would, if set aside annually throughout the period specified in the following table and accumulated at compound interest at four per cent per annum, produce at the end of the said period an amount equal to ninety per cent of the original cost of the asset after taking into account the sums already written off or set aside in the books of the licensee :- Column 1 Column 2 Description of asset Number of years or period A. Land owned under full title indefinite B. Land held under lease. The period of the lease or the period remaining unexpired on the assignment of the lease. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 225-226] Column 1 Column 2 Description of asset Number of years or period C. Assets purchased now,- (a) Building and Civil Engineering works of a permanent character not mentioned above- (i) Offices fifty (ii) Temporary erections such as Five wooden structures. (iii)Roads other than Kuchcha One hundred Roads. (iv) Others Fifty (b) Self-propelled vehicles Seven (c) (i) Office furniture and fittings. Twenty (ii) Office equipment Ten D. Assets purchased second-hand and Such reasonable period as the assets not otherwise provided for in special Officer determines in this Table. each case having regard to the nature, age and conditions of the asset at the time its acquisition by it.]1 Power to 225. (1) The [Municipality]2 may, by notice require the owner of, or the person require private having control over a private water-course, spring, tank, well or other place, the 286 water-course, water of which is used for drinking, to keep and maintain the same in good repair etc. to be and to clean the same, from time to time, of silt, refuse or decaying vegetation cleansed or and may also require him to protect the same from pollution in such manner as closed the [Municipality]2 may think fit. (2) When the water of any such water-course, spring, tank, well or other place is proved to the satisfaction of the [Municipality]2 to be unfit for drinking, the [Municipality]2 may, by notice, require the owner, or person having control thereof to desist from so using such water or permitting others to so use it and if after such notice such water is used by any person for drinking, the [Municipality]2 may by notice require the owner or person having control thereof to close such well either temporarily or permanently, or to enclose or fence such water-course, spring, tank, well or other place in such manner as it may direct, so that the water thereof may not be so used. Emergent 226. In the event of a [Municipal area]3 or any part thereof, being visited with an powers on outbreak of cholera or other infectious disease notified in this behalf by the State outbreak of Government, the President of the [Municipality]2 or any person authorized by epidemic. him in this behalf, may, during the continuance of the epidemic, without notice and at any time, inspect and disinfect any well, tank or other place from which water is or is likely to be, taken for the purpose of drinking, and may further, take such steps as he deems fit to prevent the removal of water there from. 1. Added by section 3 of U.P. Act No. 45 of 1975. 2. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 144 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 227-230] Removal of 227. The [Municipality]1 may, by notice require an owner or occupier on whose latrines, etc. near land a drain, privy, latrine, urinal, cesspool or other receptacle for filth or refuse any source water exists within fifty feet of a spring, well tank, reservoir or other source from supply which water is, or may be, derived for public use, to remove or close the same within one week from the service of such notice. Obligations of 228. (1) [Every Municipality]2 in which a water–tax is imposed, shall be [Municipality]1 bound,- imposing water- (a) throughout a prescribed area or prescribed areas- tax (i) to maintain a system of water-supply through pipes, and (ii) to lay on water at a prescribed pressure and during prescribed hours, and (iii) to supply in all the chief streets in which mains have been laid, water to stand-pipes or pumps situated at such intervals as are prescribed, and (b) subject to the rules as may be framed to allow the owner or occupier of any building or land assessed to a prescribed minimum water-tax to connect for the purpose of obtaining water for domestic purposes, the building or land with a main by means of a communication pipe of the prescribed size and description, and (c) to supply, within every twenty-four hour, to every owner or occupier entitled to a house connection under clause (b) whose land or building is 287 provided therewith such amount of water as is prescribed with reference to the water-tax payable by him and his estimated requirements for domestic purposes, into a storage cistern erected in or on the building or land, of a capacity not less than such amount and of a prescribed pattern and at an altitude not exceeding the maximum prescribed for the same . (2) The word “prescribed” in sub–section (1) means prescribed by rule under section 235. Supply of water 229. Every [Municipality]1 may by agreement supply any owner or occupier of by agreement land with any water that he may require for any purpose for such remuneration, consistent with any rate or rates prescribed by rule, and on such terms and conditions with this Act and with any rule as are agreed on between the [Municipality]1 and such owner or occupier. Charges for 230. (1) When any building or land is connected with a main the [Municipality]1 water supply may, so far as is consistent with any agreement made under section 229, charge the owner, lessor, or occupier, whichever is prescribed by rule, for all water consumed at the rate or rates so prescribed. (2) Provided that the [Municipality]1 shall deduct from the charge on account of water supplied in any month one-twelfth of the water-tax assessed on the building or land. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 145 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 231-235] Exemption of 231. Notwithstanding any obligation on a [Municipality]1 by section 228 or by [Municipality]1 any agreement made under section 229, a [Municipality]1 shall not be liable to from liability any forfeiture, penalty or damages for failure to supply water, if the failure to owing to supply arises from accident or from unusual drought or other unavoidable accident etc. causes. Subordination 232. Notwithstanding any obligation to supply water imposed by an agreement to supply for under section 229, the [Municipality]1 may at any time cease to supply water for domestic other than domestic purposes, if it is of the opinion that such supply would purposes of interfere with the supply of water for domestic purposes in such case the supply for [Municipality]1 shall not be liable to any forfeiture, penalty or damages for so other purposes ceasing :- (a) unless the failure to supply such water arises from a cause other than one specified in section 231, and (b) unless the [Municipality]1 has undertaken to supply water for other than domestic purposes by an agreement made under section 229 making express provision for forfeiture, penalty or damages upon failure to supply such water. Subordination 233. Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 228, or in any agreement of rights of under section 229, the supply of water to any building or land shall be, and shall supply to be deemed to have been granted, subject to the provisions of any rule made 288 restrictive rules under section 235, and in particular to any provision as to the limit or stoppage of the supply and as to the prevention of waste and misuse. Provision as to 234. All meters, connection pipes and other works incidental to the supply of meters and water to any building or land shall except as otherwise provided by rule, be connection pipes supplied, repaired, extended and altered as may be necessary, at the expense of the person requiring the supply, but shall be under the control of the [Municipality]1. Water-supply 235. (1) The following matters relating to supply of water from municipal or rules public water works shall be regulated and governed by rules, namely,- (a) any matter in respect of which this Act declares that provision shall be made by rule ; (b) the size and nature of the mains and pipes to be laid and the water works to be constructed by a [Municipality]1 for the supply of water ; (c) the construction, control and maintenance of municipal water works and of pipes and fitting in connection therewith ; (d) the size and nature of the stand-pipes or pumps to be erected by a [Municipality]1 ; 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 235-A] (e) the mains or pipes in which fire-plugs are to be fixed and the places at which keys of the fire-plugs are to be deposited. (f) the periodical analysis by a qualified analyst of the water supply by a [Municipality] 2; (g) the conservation and prevention of injury or contamination to sources and means of water supply and appliances for the distribution of water, whether within or without the limits of [the municipal area]3 ; (h) the manner in which connections with water works may be constructed or maintained and the agency which shall or may be employed for such construction or maintenance ; (i) the regulation of all matters and things connected with the supply and use of water and the turning on and turning of and preventing waste of water ; (j) the collection of water-tax and of charges relating to the supply of water and the prevention of evasion of the same ; and (k) any other matter relating to the supply of water in respect of which this Act makes no provision or insufficient provision and further provision is, in the opinion of the State Government, necessary. (2) Provided that no rule shall be made under sub-section (1) affecting a cantonment or part of a cantonment without the previous sanction of the Central Government. 289 [Rules relating 235.A The following matters relating to the grant of a licence under clause (c) of to the supply of section 224, of the Act shall be regulated and governed by rules to be made by water by a person the state Government subject to the conditions prescribed in section 300 : or company (1) the selection of a licensee, (2) the form of application for a licence, (3) the form of licence, (4) the preparation and submission of returns and accounts by the licensee in a prescribed form, (5) duties of a licensee, (6) the securing of a regular and wholesome supply of water by the licensee to consumers, (7) the appointment of an officer of a specified rank and class to ensure that the provisions of the Act and the rules relating to water-works are being properly carried out, and (8) any other matter which is necessary for the proper working of the licence.]1 1. Added by U.P. Act No. 6 of 1933. 2. subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3. Subs. by section 146 ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 226-238] Power for Removal of Structures interfering with Public Works Unauthorized 236. (1) Where, on or after the 10th day of march, 1900, any street has been construction of made or any building, wall or other structure has been erected or any tree has street over drain been planted without the permission in writing of the [Municipality]1 over a or water –work public drain or culvert or a water-work vested in the [Municipality]1, the [Municipality]1 may,- (a) by notice require the person who has made the street, erected the structure or planted the tree, or the owner or occupier of the land on which the street has been made, structure erected or tree planted, to remove or deal in any other way the [Municipality]1 thinks fit with the street, structure or tree ; or (b) it self remove or deal in any other way it, thinks fit with the street, structure or tree. (2) Any expense incurred by a [Municipality]1 by action taken under clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall be recoverable in the manner prescribed by chapter VI from the person by whom the street was made, structure erected or tree planted. CHAPTER VIII OTHER POWERS AND PENALTIES Markets, slaughter-houses, sale of food. etc. 290 Places for 237. (1) The [Municipality]1 may with the approval of the District Magistrate, fix slaughter of premises, either within or without the limits of the [municipal area]2 for the animals for sale slaughter or animals, or animals of any specified description for sale, and may with the like approval grant and withdraw licenses for the use of such premises. (2) When such premises have been fixed by the [Municipal]1 beyond [the limits of [municipal area]2 it shall have the same power to make bye-laws for the inspection and proper regulation of the same as if they were within those limits. (3) When such premises have been fixed, no person shall slaughter any such animal for sale at any other place within the [municipality area]2. (4) Should any one slaughter for sale any such animals at any other place within the [municipal area]2 he shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to twenty rupees for every animal so slaughtered. Places for 238. The [Municipality ]2 may, by public notice and with the previous sanction slaughter of of the District Magistrate, fix premises within the [municipal area]2 in which the animals not slaughter of animals of any particular kind not for sale shall be permitted and intended for sale prohibit, except in case of necessity, such slaughter elsewhere within the or slaughter for [municipal area]2: religious purpose Provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to animals slaughtered for any religious purpose. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 147 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995 . [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 239-243] Power of District 239. Whenever it appears to District Magistrate to be necessary for the Magistrate in preservation of the public peace or order, he may subject to the control of the respect of Prescribed Authority prohibit or regulate, by public notice the slaughter within animals not the limits of a [municipal area]2 of animal or animals of any specified description slaughtered for for purposes other than sale and prescribe the mode and route in and by which sale such animals shall be brought to, and meat shall be conveyed from, the place of slaughter. Disposal of flesh 240. Should the flesh of any cattle, sheep, goat or swine be brought within [the imported in limits of municipal area]2 in contravention of a bye-law made under sub-head (e) contravention of of Heading F of section 298, it may be seized by an officer of [Municipality] a bye-law authorized in that behalf, and may be destroyed or otherwise disposed of as the regarding [Municipality]1 may, by general or special order direct. importation Licensing of 241. (1) The right of any person to use any place, within the limits of a markets and [municipal area], other than a municipal market, as a market or shop for the sale shops for sale of of animals, meat or fish intended for human food, or as a market for the sale of certain articles fruit or vegetables, shall be subject to bye-laws (if any) made under Heading F of section 298. (2) Provided that, where any bye-law is in force requiring a licence for the establishment or maintenance of a market or shop for the sale of any article 291 mentioned in sub-section (1) the [Municipality]1 shall not,- (a) refuse a licence for the maintenance of a market or shop lawfully established at the date of such bye-law coming into force, if application be made within six months from such date, except on the ground that the place where any conditions prescribed by or under this Act, or (b) cancel suspend or refuse to review any license granted under such bye-law for any cause other than the failure of the licensee to comply with the conditions of the license or with any prescribed of or made under this Act. Improper fee- 242. Whoever feeds, or allows to be fed an animal which is kept for dairy ding of animals purposes, or may be used for food, on filthy or deleterious substances shall be kept for dairy liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees. purposes or used for food Inspection of 243. The President, the Executive Officer, the Medical Officer of Health and, if places for sale of authorized in this behalf by resolution any other member, officer or servant of food, drink and the [Municipality]1 may, without notice at any period of the day or night enter drugs. into and inspect a market, shop, stall or place used for the sale of food or drink for man, or as a slaughter-house, or for the sale or drugs, and inspect and examine any article of food or drink or any animal or drug which may be therein. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 147 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 244-245] Seizure of 244. (1) If in the course of the inspection of a place under the preceding section, unwholesome an article of food or drink or animal appears to be intended for the consumption articles and of man and to be unfit therefore, the [Municipality]1 may seize and remove the removal of same, or may cause it to be destroyed, or to be so disposed of as to prevent its deleterious and being exposed for sale or use for such consumption. unspent drugs. (2) If it is reasonably suspected that a drug has been improperly adulterated, or by reason of age or the effect of climate has become inert or unwholesome, or has otherwise become deteriorated in such a manner as to lessen its efficacy, or to change its operation, or to render it noxious the [Municipality]1 may remove the same giving a receipt therefore and may produce it before a magistrate. (3) If it appears to a Magistrate before whom a drug has been produced under sub-section (2) that the drug has been improperly adulterated or has become inert, unwholesome or deteriorated as aforesaid he may order the same to be destroyed, or to be so disposed, of as to him may deem fit, and if any offence appears to have been committed, he may proceed to take cognizance thereof. Nuisances for certain trades and professions Regulation of 245. (1) If it is shown to the satisfaction of a [Municipality]1 that any building or offensive trades place within the limits of the [municipal area]2 which any person uses or intends 292 to use as a factory or other place of business for the manufacture storage treatment or disposal of any article by reason of such use or by reason of such use or by reason of such intended use occasions or is likely to occasion a public nuisance the [Municipality] may at its option require by notice the owner or occupier of the building or place- (a) to desist or refrain, as the case may be, from using, or allowing to be used, the building or place for such purpose, or (b) only to use, or allow to be used the building or place for such purpose under such conditions or alter such structural alterations as the [Municipality]1 impose or prescribes in the notice with the object or rendering the use of the building or place for such purpose free from objection. (2) Whoever, after receiving a notice given under sub-section (1) uses or allows to be used any building or place in contravention the notice shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to two hundred rupees and to a further fine which may extend to forty rupees for every day on which he so uses or allows to be used the place of building after the date of the first conviction. (3) The state Government may, by notification, make the provisions of this section or of any bye-law made under Heading G of Section 298, applicable to any area beyond the [municipal area]2 lying within a distance of a mile from the [boundary of the municipal area]3. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 148(a) ibid. 3. Subs. by section 148(b) ibid. 4. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 246-248] Loitering and 246. Whoever in a street or public place within the limits of the [municipal soliciting for area]2, loiters for the purpose of prostitution or importunes a person to the immoral purpose commission of sexual immorality, shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees : Provided that no Court shall take cognizance of an offence under this section except on the complaint of the persons importuned, or on the complaint of a municipal officer or a police officer not below the rank of a sub-inspector respectively authorized in this behalf in writing by the [Municipality]1 and the District Magistrate. Brothels, etc. 247. (1) When a Magistrate of the first class receives information, - (a) that a house in the vicinity of the place of worship or an educational institution or a boarding house, or hostel or mess used or occupied by students is used as a brothel or for the purpose of habitual prostitution or by disorderly persons of any description, or (b) that any house is used as aforesaid to the annoyance of respectable inhabitants in the vicinity: or (c) that house in the immediate neighborhood of a cantonment is used as a brothel or of the purpose of habitual prostitution, he may summon the owner, tenant, manager or occupier of the house 293 to appear before him either in person or by agent, and if satisfied that the house is used as described in clause (a), (b), or clause (c), may by a written order, direct such owner, tenant, manager or occupier within a period to be stated in such order, not less than five days from the date thereof, to discontinue such use: Provided that action under this sub-section shall be taken only,- (i) with the sanction or by order of the District Magistrate, or (ii) on the complaint of three or more persons residing in the immediate vicinity of the house to which the complaint refers, or (iii) [***] on the complaint of the [Municipality]2. (2) If a person against whom an order has been passed by a Magistrate under sub-section (1) fails to comply with such order within the period stated therein, the Magistrate may impose on him a fine which may extend to twenty- five rupees for every day after the expiration of that period during which the house is so used. Begging etc. 248. Whoever, in a street or public place within the [municipal area]2 begs importunately for alms, or exposes or exhibits, with the object of exciting charity a deformity or disease or an offensive sore or wound, shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment which may extend to one month or to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees or to both. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III 2 of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 149 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 249-254] Public safety Disposal of mad 249. The [Municipality]1 may authorize any person to destroy or to cause to be dog, etc. destroyed, or to confine or to cause to be confined, for such period as the [Municipality]1 may direct, any dog or other animal suffering, or reasonably suspected to be suffering from rabies, or bitten by a dog or other animal suffering or suspected as aforesaid. Muzzling order. 250. (1) Where in any [municipality area]2 the prevalence of rabies in the opinion of the [Municipality] renders it necessary, the [Municipality]1 may by public notice require the muzzling, for such period as it thinks fit or until such notice is cancelled, of all dogs within the [municipal area]2 or within any part of the [municipal area]2. (2) During such period of time the [Municipality]1 may exercise the power conferred by section 249,in respect of any dog which is found at large without a muzzle after a date to be specified in the notice. Bar to 251. No damages shall be payable in respect of a dog or other animal destroyed compensation or otherwise disposed of under the provisions of section 249 or 250, or of any for dogs lawfully bye-law made under sub-head (h) or (i) of Heading H of Section 298. destroyed 294 Neglect of the 252. Whoever, in driving, leading or propelling a vehicle along a street, fails, rule of the road except in the case of actual necessity,- (a) to keep to the left, and (b) when he is passing a vehicle going in the same direction, to keep to the right of that vehicle, shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to ten rupees. Exception-- This section shall not apply in the case of a [municipal area]2 wholly or in part situated in a hilly tract. Driving vehicles 253. Whoever drives, leads or propels a vehicle between nightfall and dawn in a without proper street, unless the vehicle is properly supplied with lights, shall be liable on lights. conviction to a fine which may extend to twenty rupees : Provided that a [Municipality]1 may by a special resolution confirmed by the Prescribed Authority direct that this section shall not apply in the case of vehicles proceeding at not more than walking pace. Failure to 254. Whoever, being in charge of an elephant, camel or bear, omits on being remove elephant requested to remove so far as may be practicable his elephant, camel or bear to a etc. to safe safe distance on the approach of a horse, whether ridden, driven or led, shall be distance liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to twenty rupees. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 149 ibid. 3. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 255-258] Prohibition of 255. (1) The owner or keeper of any of any cattle or other animals, found tethering of tethered, or straying about without a keeper in a street or public place shall be cattle etc. liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to two hundred and fifty rupees. on street. (2) An animal found tethered as aforesaid may be removed by a municipal officer or servant or by a police officer to a pound as if the animal had been found straying. Halting vehicles 256. Where any land vested in the [Municipality]1, or any public place is or animals on without the permission in writing of the [Municipality]1, used as a halting place public grounds. for any vehicle or animal or as a place of encampment, the owner or a keeper of the vehicle or animal or the person encamping, as the case may be, shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to one hundred rupees and in the case of a continuing breach, to a further fine which may extend to ten rupees for every day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the commission of the offence. Power as to 257. (1) The [Municipality]1 may by public notice, direct that within certain inflammable limits to be fixed by it the roofs and external walls of huts or other building shall structures. not be made or renewed with grass, mats, leaves or other highly inflammable materials without the consent of the [Municipality]1 in writing. (2) The [Municipality]1 may at any time by written notice require the 295 owner of a building which has an external roof or wall made of any such material as aforesaid, to remove such roof or wall within such reasonable time as shall be specified in the notice, notwithstanding that a public notice under sub- section (1) has not been issued or that such roof or wall was made with the consent of the [Municipality]1 or before the issue of such public notice, if any Provided that in the case of any such roof or wall in existence before the issue of such public notice or made with the consent of the [Municipality]1 the [Municipality]1 shall make compensation for any damage caused by the removal which shall not exceed the original cost of constructing the roof or wall. (3) Whoever, without such consent as is required by sub-section (1) makes or renews, or causes to be made or renewed or in disobedience to a notice given under sub-section (2) suffers to remain, a roof or wall or such material as aforesaid, shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees and to a further fine which may extend to ten rupees for every day on which the offence is continued, after the date of the first conviction. Power to search 258. (1) The [Municipality]1 may, without notice and at any period of the day or for inflammable night enter into and inspect a house or building which is suspected to contain materials in petroleum, or other inflammable material, in excess of the quantity permitted to excess of be kept in such house or building under the provision of section 245 or of any authorized bye-law. quantity. (2) Should any such excess quantity of such material be discovered it may be seized and held subject to such order as a Magistrate may pass with respect to it. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 259-261] (3) If the Magistrate decides that the material seized was stored in the house or building contrary to any direction made under section 245or the provision of any bye-law, he may pass an order confiscating the same. (4) Subject to any provision of, or made under, this or any other enactment, the material so confiscated may be sold by order of the Magistrate, and the proceeds, after defraying the expenses of such sale, shall be credited to the municipal fund. (5) No order of confiscation under this section shall operate to prevent any other criminal or civil proceedings to which the person storing the material in excessive quantity may be liable. Stacking etc. of 259. The [Municipality]1 may where it appears to be necessary for the prevention inflammable of danger to life or property, by public notice prohibit all persons from stacking materials. or collecting wood, dry grass, straw or other inflammable materials or from placing mats or thatched huts or lighting fires in a place or within limits specified in the notice. Dangerous 260. (1) If, in the opinion of the [Municipality]1, the working of a quarry, or the quarrying. removal of stone, earth or other material from the soil in any place is dangerous to persons residing in, or entitled to visit, the neighborhood thereof, or creates or 296 is likely to create, a public nuisance the [Municipality]1 may by written notice prohibit the owner of the said quarry or place, or the person responsible for such working or removal from continuing or permitting the working if such quarry, or the removal of such materials, or may require him to take such order with such quarry or place as the [Municipality]1 shall direct for the purpose of preventing danger or abating the nuisance arising or likely to arise therefrom. (2) If, in any case referred to in sub-section (1) it appears to the [Municipality]1 to be necessary in order to prevent imminent danger, it may cause a proper hoarding or fence to be put up for the protection of passengers near a quarry or place, and any expense incurred by the [Municipality]1 in taking such action shall be paid by the owner or other person as aforesaid and shall be recoverable in the manner provided by chapter VI. Displacing 261. (1) Whoever displaces, takes up or makes an alteration or otherwise pavements, etc. interferes with, the pavement, gutter, flags, or other materials of a public street or the fences, walls or posts thereof or a municipal lamp, lamp-post bracket, direction-post, stand post, hydrant or other such municipal property therein, without the written consent of the [Municipality]1 or other lawful authority and whoever extinguishes municipal light shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to one thousand rupees. (2) Any expense incurred by the [Municipality]1 by reason of the doing of any such thing as is mentioned in sub-section (1) may be recovered from the offender in the manner provided by Chapter VI. 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 262-265] Discharging 262. Whoever discharges firearms or lets off fireworks or fire-balloons, or firearms, etc. engages in such a manner as to cause or to be likely to cause, danger to persons passing by or dwelling or working in the neighborhood or risk of injury to property, shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to twenty rupees. Powers for the 263. (1) A [Municipality]1 may require by notice the owner or occupier of any prevention of land or building,- danger from ruinous (a) to demolish or to repair in such manner as it deems necessary buildings, un- any building wall, bank or other structure, or anything, affixed thereto, or to protected wells remove any tree, belonging to such owner or in the possession of such etc. occupier which appears to the [Municipality]1 to be in a ruinous condition or dangerous to persons or property, or (b) to repair, protect or enclose, in such manner as it deems necessary, any well, tank reservoir, pool or excavation belonging to such owner or in the possession of such occupier, which appears to the [Municipality]1 to be dangerous by reason of its situation, want of repair or other such circumstances. (2) Where it appears to the [Municipality]1 that immediate action is necessary for the purpose of preventing imminent danger to any person or property, it shall be the duty of the [Municipality]1 itself to take such immediate 297 action, and in such case notwithstanding the provisions of section 287, it shall not be necessary for the [Municipality]1 to give notice, if it appears to the [Municipality]1 that the object of taking such immediate action would be defeated by the delay incurred in giving notice. Power to prevent 264. The [Municipality]1 may, by notice, require the owner of a building or land unoccupied which by reason of abandonment or disputed ownership or other cause, is buildings or land unoccupied and has become a resort of idle and disorderly persons or otherwise becoming a occasions, or is likely to occasion, a public nuisance, to secure and enclose the nuisance same within a reasonable time fixed in the notice. Obstruction of 265. (1) Whoever without the written permission of the [Municipality]1, - street (a) causes or allows any vehicle, with or without an animal harnessed thereto, remain or stand so as to cause obstruction in any street longer than may be necessary for loading or unloading or for taking up or setting down passengers; or (b) leaves or fastens any vehicle or animal so as to cause obstruction in any street; or (c) exposes any article for sale, whether upon a stall or booth or in any other manner, so as to cause obstruction in any street; or (d) deposits or suffers to be deposited, any building materials, box, bale, package, or merchandise in any street; and 1. Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 266-267] (e) erects or sets up any fence, rail, post, stall or any scaffolding or any other such fixture in any street; or (f) in any manner willfully obstructs or causes obstruction of the free passage of any street ; shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to [five hundred rupees and in the case of a continuing breach to a further fine which may extend to ten rupees for every days after the day of first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the commission of the offence (2) The [Municipality] shall have power to remove any obstruction referred to in sub-section (1), and the expense of such removal shall be recoverable from the offender in the manner provided by chapter VI. (3) The power exercisable by a [Municipality]1 under sub-section (2) to remove obstruction from streets shall also be exercisable for the removal by the [Municipality]1 of obstructions from any open space, whether vested in the [Municipality]1 or not which is not private property. (4) Nothing contained in this section shall apply to any obstruction of a street permitted by the [Municipality] under any section of this Act or any rule or bye- law made or licence granted there under. 298 Digging up of 266. Whoever, without the written permission of the [Municipality]1 digs up or public land. removes earth, sand or other material from any open space, whether vested in the [Municipality]1 or not, which is not private property, shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred rupees, and, if the offence is a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding ten rupees for every day during which the offence continues after the date of the first conviction for such offence. Sanitation and prevention of disease Private drains, 267. (1) A [Municipality]1 may require by notice the owner or occupier of any cesspools, land or building,- dustbins, latrines, (a) to close, remove, alter, repair, cleanse, disinfect or put in good etc. order any latrine, urinal, water-closet, drain, cesspool, dustbin or other receptacle for filth, sullage-water, rubbish or refuse pertaining to such land or building, or to remove or alter any door or trap-door of any such latrine, urinal or water-closet which opens on to a street or drain;

or (b) to provide such latrines, urinals, water-closets, drains, cesspools, dustbins or other receptacles for filth, sullage-water, rubbish or refuse as should in its opinion be provided for the building or land whether in addition or not to any existing ones; or (c) to cause any latrine, urinal or water-closet provided, for the building or land to be shut-off by a sufficient roof and wall or fence from the view of persons passing by or dwelling in the neighborhood. 1. Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 268-272] (2) When requiring under sub-section (1) anything to be provided, altered or done, the [Municipality]1 may specify in the notice the description of the thing to be provided, the pattern so as to conform with which the thing is to be altered, and the manner in which thing is to be done. Latrines for 268. The [Municipality]1 may require by notice any person employing more factories, schools than twenty workmen or labourers or owning, managing or having control of a and places of market, school or theatre or other place of public resort to provide such latrines public resort. and urinals as it may deem fit, and to cause the same to be kept in proper order and to be daily cleansed : Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to a factory regulated by the Indian Factories Act, 1911. Power to require 269. (1) The [Municipality]1 may by notice, require the owner or occupier of removal of any land or building cleanse, repair, cover, fill up or drain off a private well, tank nuisance arising reservoir, pool, depression or excavation therein which may appear to the from tanks, etc. [Municipality]1 to be injurious to health or offensive to the neighborhood. (2) Provided that the owner or occupier may require the [Municipality]1 to acquire at its expense, or otherwise, provide any land or right in land necessary 299 for the purpose of effecting drainage ordered under sub-section (1). Inspection of 270. (1) Subject to the provisions of section 278, the [Municipality]1 may drains, privies, inspect a drain, privy, water-closet, latrine, urinal, cesspool or other receptacle etc. for filth, and for that purpose may cause the ground to be opened where it thinks fit. (2) The expense of such inspection and of causing the ground to be closed and made good as before shall be borne by the [Municipality]1, unless the drain, privy, water –closet, latrine, urinal, cesspool or other receptacle for filth is found to be in bad order or condition, or was constructed in contravention of the any provisions of, or made under, this or any other enactment, in which case such expenses shall be paid by the owner or occupier and shall be recoverable in the manner, provided by Chapter VI. Cleansing of 271. Should any building or land be in a filthy or unwholesome state, the filthy buildings [Municipality]1 may, by notice, require the owner or occupier thereof to cleanse, or land. or otherwise, put in a proper state the building or land, and thereafter to keep the same in a clean and proper state . Failure to 272. Whenever on any building or land.- remove (a) any dirt, dung, bones ashes, night-soil or filth or any noxious or offensive matter offensive matter is kept for more than twenty-four hours, or otherwise than in some proper receptacle. or (b) any receptacle for such things is suffered to be in a filthy or noxious state or is not subjected to any proper method of cleaning or purifying. 1. Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2. Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 273-275] the owner or occupier of the building of land shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees, and in the case of a continuing breach, to a further fine which may extend to five rupees for every day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender has been proved to have persisted in the commission of the offence. Regulation of 273. (1) The [Municipality]1 may,- the disposal of (a) provide receptacles and places for the temporary deposit of rubbish, night- offensive matter and rubbish; soil, etc. (b) appoint places for the disposal of night-soil, carcasses and other offensive matters and rubbish; and (c) by public notice issue directions as to the time, manner and conditions at, in and subject to which any offensive matter or rubbish referred to in clauses (a) and (b) may be removed along a street, deposited or otherwise disposed of. (2) It shall be sufficient notice of the appointment of a place under clause (b) of sub-section (1) that a notice board indicating such appointment is displayed on or near the place appointed. (3) Before appointing a place outside [the limits of the municipal area]2 300 under clause (b) of sub-section (1) the [Municipality]1 shall obtain the previous sanction of the District Magistrate. Penalty for 274. The occupier of any building or land from which any offensive matter, improper rubbish, night soil or carcass is thrown or deposited on any part of a public place disposal of or street, or into any public sewer or drain or into any part of a public place or rubbish, street, or into any public sewer or drain or into any drain communicating with a night-soil, etc. public sewer or drain, otherwise than in a place appointed under clause (b) or in a receptacle provided under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 273, and any person contravening any direction of a [Municipality]1 issued under clause (c) of the said sub-section shall be liable upon conviction, to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty rupees. Disposal of dead 275. (1) Whenever an animal in the charge of a person dies, otherwise than by bodies of animals being slaughtered either for sale or consumption or for some religious purposes, the person-in charge thereof shall, within twenty-four hours, either,- (a) convey the carcass to a place (if any) fixed by the [Municipality]1 under section 273 for the disposal of the dead bodies of animals or to a place beyond [the limits of the municipal area]2 not being within one mile of those limits. or (b) give notice of the death to the [Municipality]1 whereupon the [Municipality]1 shall cause the carcass to be disposed of (2) Every person bound to act in accordance with sub-section (1) shall if he fails so to act, be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to ten rupees. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 150 ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 276-279] (3) For the disposal of the dead body of an animal under clause (b) of sub-section (1) the [Municipality]2 may charge such fee as the [Municipality]2 has prescribed, and may recover the same, if not paid in advance, from the owner or keeper of the animal in the manner provided by Chapter VI. Penalty for 276. Whenever the water of a sink, sewer or cesspool or any other offensive discharging matter is allowed to flow drain or be put upon a public street or place, or into a sewage on sewer to drain not set apart for the purpose,without the permission in writing of public street, etc. the [Municipality]2 or in contravention of any condition prescribed in such permission the owner or occupier of the land or building from which such water or offensive matter so flows, drains or is put shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to [two hundred and fifty]1 rupees. Power to enter 277. Subject to the provisions of Section 287, the [Municipality]2 may enter and and disinfect inspect a building, and may by notice direct all or any part thereof to be buildings. internally or externally lime washed, disinfect or otherwise cleansed for sanitary reasons : Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to a factory regulated by the Indian Factories Act, 1911. 301 Building unfit 278. (1) Should a building, or a room in an building, be in the opinion of the for human [Municipality]2, unfit for human habitation in consequence of the want of proper habitation. means of drainage or ventilation or otherwise, the [Municipality]2 may by notice prohibit the owner or occupier thereof from using the building or room for human habitation or suffering it to be so used either absolutely or unless within a time to be specified in the notice, he effects such alteration therein as is prescribed in the notice. (2) Upon failure of a person to whom notice is issued under sub-section (1) to comply therewith, it shall be lawful for the [Municipality]2 to require by further notice the demolition of the building or room. Penalty for 279. Whoever – failure to give (a) being a medical practitioner and in the course of such practice information of cholera, small- becoming cognizant of the existence of cholera, plague, small-pox or other pox etc. infectious disease that may be notified in this behalf by the State Government in any dwelling other than a public hospital in the [municipality area]3, or (b) in default of such medical practitioner, being the owner or occupier of such dwelling, and being cognizant of the existence of any such infectious disease therein, or 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 12 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 150 ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 279A-281] (c) in default of such owner or occupier being the person-in-charge of, or in attendance on, a person suffering from any such infectious disease in such dwelling, and being cognizant of the existence of the disease therein, fails to give [within twenty-four hours of becoming so-cognizant]1 or gives false information to such officer as the [Municipality]2 may appoint in this behalf respecting the existence of such disease shall liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to fifty rupees : Provided that a person not required to give information in the first instance, but only in default of some other person, shall not be punishable if it is shown that he had reasonable cause to suppose that the information had been, or would be, duly given. Power to 279.A When there is any reason to believe that a case of infectious disease examine persons modifiable under section 279, has occurred in a building the Medical Officer of suspected to be Health or other competent person deputed by him shall, subject to the provisions suffering from of Section 287, enter the said building and make an examination of the person or infectious persons suspected to be suffering from the disease and may also obtain material diseases.- 302 for pathological examination, if necessary : Provided that all females above the age of eight years shall be inspected by persons of their own sex only.]1 Removal to 280. When a person suffering or certified by a duly qualified medical hospital of practitioner to be suffering from cholera, plague, small-pox or any other patients infectious disease that may be notified in this behalf by the State Government is,- (a) without proper lodging or accommodation, or (b) living in sarai or other public hostel, or (c) living in a room or house which he neither owns nor is otherwise entitled to occupy, or (d) lodged in a room or set of apartments occupied by more than one family and any of the occupiers object to his continuing to lodge therein, The [Municipality]2 may, on the advice of a medical officer of a rank not inferior to that of an assistant surgeon, remove the patient to a hospital or place at which person suffering from such disease are received for medical treatment and may do anything necessary for such removal. Penalty for acts 281. Whoever while suffering from an infectious, contagious, or loathsome done by persons disorder- suffering from (a) makes or offers for sale an article of food or drink, for human certain disorders consumption or a medicine or drug, or 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 12 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 151 ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]5 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 282-284] (b) willfully touches any such article, medicine or drug when exposed for sale by others, or (c) takes any part in the business of washing or carrying soiled clothes, shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to [fifty] rupees. Prohibition of 282. (1) If the Director of Medical and Health Services or the Civil Surgeon or cultivation, Health Officer certifies that the cultivation of any description of crops or the use use of manure of any kind of manure or the irrigation of land in any specified manner,- or irrigation injurious to (a) in a place within the limits of a [municipal area]2 is injurious health or facilitates practices which are injurious to the health of persons dwelling in the neighborhood, or (b) in a place within or beyond the limits of [municipal area]2 is likely to contaminate the water supply of such [municipal area]2 or otherwise render it unfit for drinking purposes, the [Municipal area]2 may by public notice prohibit the 303 cultivation of such crop, the use of such manure or the use of the method or irrigation so reported to be injurious or impose such conditions with respect there to as may prevent injury or contamination. (2) Provided that when, on any land in respect of which such notice is issued, the act prohibited has been practiced in the ordinary course of husbandry for five successive years next preceding the date of prohibition compensation shall be paid from the municipal fund to all persons interested therein for damage caused to them by such prohibition. Power to require 283. The [Municipality]3 may, by notice require the owner or occupier of any owners to clear land to clear away and remove any vegetation or undergrowth which may be away noxious injurious to health or offensive to the neighborhood. vegetation Power to require 284. (1) In a [municipal area]3 for which bye-laws have been made under sub- excavations to head (g) of Heading 1 of Section 298, the [Municipality]1 may, by notice require be filled up or the owner or occupier of any land upon which an excavation, cesspool, tank or drained pit has been made in contravention of such bye-laws, or in breach of the conditions under which permission to dig any such excavation, cesspool, tank or pit has been granted to fill up or drain the excavation, cesspool, tank or pit within a period to be specified in such notice. (2) The State Government may by notification extend the provision of this section and bye-laws made for the purposes of this section to an area beyond the [municipal area]2 lying within a distance of a mile from the [boundary of the municipal area.]4 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 151 ibid. 3- Subs. by section 152 (a) ibid. 4- Subs. by section 152 (b) ibid. 5- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 285-287] Power in respect 285. (1) The [Municipality]1 may, by public notice, order a burial or burning of burial and ground which is certified by the Civil Surgeon or the Health Officer to be burning ground. dangerous, or likely to be dangerous, to the health of person living in the neighborhood, to be closed from a date to be specified in the notice, and shall, in such case, if no suitable place for burial place exist within a reasonable distance, provide a fitting place for the purposes. (2) Private burial places in such burial grounds may be excepted from the notice, subject to such conditions as the [Municipality]1 may impose in this behalf: Provided that the limits of such burial places are sufficiently defined and that they shall only be used for the burial or members of the family of the owners there of. (3) No burial or burning ground whether public or private, shall be made or formed without the permission in writing of the [Municipality]1. (4) No person shall, except with the permission of the [Municipality]1 in writing, burn, or cause to be buried or burnt, a corpse in a place other than a 304 recognized burial or burning ground. (5) Should a person bury or burn or cause or permit to be buried or burnt a corpse, contrary to the provisions of this section, he shall be liable upon conviction to a fine which may extend to five hundred rupees. Bathing and 286. The [Municipality]1 may set apart suitable places for the purpose of washing places bathing, and may specify the times at which and the sex of the persons by whom such places may be used and may also set apart suitable places for washing animals or clothes or other things, and may by public notice prohibit bathing or the washing of animals of clothes or other things in a public place not so set apart, or at times or by persons other than those specified, and may in like manner prohibit an act by which water in public places or rivers may be rendered foul or unfit for use or which causes or is likely to cause inconvenience or annoyance to persons lawfully using such places. Inspection, entry, search etc. Ordinary 287. (1) The President, the Executive officer and, if authorized in this behalf by inspection resolution, any other member, officer or servant of the [Municipality]1, may enter into or upon a building or land, with or without assistants or workmen, in order to make an inspection or survey or to execute a work which a [Municipality]1 is authorized by this Act, or by rules or bye-laws, to make or execute or which it is necessary for a [Municipality]1, for any of the purposes or in pursuance of any of the provisions of this Act or of rules or bye-laws, to make or execute : (2) Provided that- (a) except when it is in this Act or in rules or bye-laws otherwise expressly provided, no entry shall be made between sunset and sunrise; and 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 288-290] (b) except when it is in this Act or in rules or bye-laws or otherwise expressly provided, no building which is used as a human dwelling shall be so entered, except with the consent of the occupier thereof, without giving the said occupier not less than four hours previous written notice of the intention to make such entry; and (c) sufficient notice shall in every instance be given even when any premises may otherwise be entered without notice to enable the inmates of an apartment appropriated for females to remove to some part of the premises where their privacy need not be disturbed; and (d) due regard shall always be had to the social and religious usages of the occupants of the premises entered. Preventive 288. Where there is reason to believe that in any building or on any land, a work inspection has been executed in connection with any municipal water-works, drainage works or other municipal undertaking in contravention of the provisions of this Act or of rules or bye-laws [the President]1 or, if so directed by [the President]1, the executive officer or the Medical Officer of Health may at any time and 305 without notice inspect such building or land. Power for 289. It shall be lawful for a person authorized under the provisions of Section effecting entry 287 or 288 to make an entry for the purpose of inspection or of search, to open to cause to be opened a door, gate or other barrier,- (a) If he considers the opening thereof necessary for the purpose of such entry, inspection or search, and (b) if the owner or occupier is absent, or being present refuses to open such door, gate or barrier. Power of 290. (1) The [Municipality]2 may by bye-law require any water–works, or [Municipality]2 work of the nature to which Section 192, 267 and 268, refer, to be executed by to require certain municipal or other agency under its own orders. works to be executed by its (2) The expenses of any work so executed shall be paid by the person by own agency whom the work would otherwise have been executed unless the [Municipality]2 shall, by a general or special order or resolution sanction as it is hereby empowered to sanction, the execution of such work at the charge of the municipal fund. (3) Any pipes, fittings, receptacles or other, appliances for or connected with any water- works or with the drainage of private building or lands shall if supplied, constructed or erected at the expense of the [Municipality]2, be deemed to be municipal property, unless the [Municipality]2 shall have transferred its interest therein to the owner of such building or land. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 291-295] Rent and Charges Recovery of rent 291. (1) Where any sum is due on account of rent from a person to a on land. [Municipality]2, in respect of land vested in, or entrusted to the management of the [Municipality]2, the [Municipality]2 may apply to the Collector to recover any arrear of such rent as if were an arrear of land revenue. (2) The Collector on being satisfied that the sum is due shall proceed to recover it as an arrear of land revenue. Recovery of 292. Any arrear due on account of rent from a person to the [Municipality]2 in rent of other respect of immovable property other than land vested in or entrusted to the immovable management of the [Municipality]2,shall be recovered in the manner prescribed property. by Chapter VI. Fees for use, 293. (1) The [Municipality]2 may charge fees to be fixed by bye-laws or by otherwise than public auction or by agreement, for the use or occupation (otherwise than under a under a lease of lease) of any immovable property vested in or entrusted to the management of municipal the [Municipality]2 including any public street or place of which it allows the use 306 property. or occupation whether by allowing a projection thereon or otherwise. (2) Such fees may either be levied along with the fee charged under Section 294, for the sanction, license or projection or may be recovered in the manner provided by Chapter VI. [Power to 293-A A [Municipality]2 may with the pervious sanction of the State Government impose fees. impose and levy fee for use of any place to which the public is allowed access and at which the [Municipality]2 may provide sanitary and other facilities to the public.]1 Licence fees etc. 294. The [Municipality]2 may charge a fee to be fixed by bye-law for any licence, sanctioned or permission which it is entitled to required to grant by or under this Act. Obstruction to persons employed by [Municipality]2 Penalty for 295. Whoever obstructs or molests a person employed by or under contract with obstructing the [Municipality]2 under this Act in the performance of his duty or in the person fulfillment of his contract or removes a mark set up for the purpose of indicating employed by any levels or direction necessary to the execution of works authorized by this [Municipality]2 Act, shall be liable on conviction to a fine which may extend to [one thousand rupees or to imprisonment for a period which may extend to six months or to both.]1 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 296-297] CHAPTER- IX RULES, REGULATONS AND BYE-LAWS Obligation and 296. (1) The State Government may make rules consistent with this Act in power of State respect to the matters described in Section 95, 127, 153, and 235. Government to make rules. (2) The State Government may make rules consistent with this Act,- (a) providing for any matter for which power to make provision is conferred, expressly or by implication on the State Government by this or any other enactment in force at the commencement of this Act. (b) generally for the guidance of a [Municipality]1 or any Government officer in any matter connected with the carrying out of the provisions of this or any other enactment relating to municipalities (c) for the appointment of an ad hoc committee to advice the [Municipal area]2 the preparation of master plan for the [municipal area]2 and its execution, and (d) providing for the layout of public streets, residential and non 307 residential areas. Power to make 297. (1) A [Municipality] may by special resolution make regulations consistent regulations as to with this Act, or with any rule under Section 296,or regulation under sub-section procedure, etc. (2) made by the [State Government], as to all or and of the following matters, - (a) the time and place of the meeting of a [Municipality]1; (b) the manner of convening meetings, and of giving notice thereof; (c) the conduct of proceedings [including the asking of questions by the members] at meeting, and the adjournment of mettings ; (d) the establishment of committees, other than merely advisory committees for any purpose and the determination of all matters relating to the constitution and procedure of such committees ; (e) the avoidance of any entry shown in the third column of schedule II; (f) with reference to sub-section (2) of Section 77, the augmentation of any maximum or minimum monthly salary specified in Section 74, 75 or 76 with reference to powers over the staff ; (g) the delegation of powers, duties or functions to- (i) the [President] of the [Municipality], (ii) a committee constituted under clause (d) (iii) a Chairman of such committee, (iv) the executive officer, or 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 153 ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298] (v) any other servant of a [Municipality]1: (vi) any person in the service of the Government, who is employed as civil surgeon, medical officer of health, deputy inspector of schools or sub-deputy inspector of schools; (h) the absentee or other allowances of the servants employed by [municipality]1; (i) the amount and nature of the security to be furnished by a servant of a [Municipality]1 from whom it is deemed expedient to require security; (j) the grant of leave to servants of a [Municipality]1 and the remuneration to be paid to the persons, if any, appointed to act for them whilst on leave; (k) the condition of service including period of service of all servants of a [Municipality]1 and the conditions under which such servants, or any of then, shall, receive gratuities or compassionate allowances on retirement or on their becoming disabled through the execution of their duty, and the amount of such gratuities or compassionate allowances; and the conditions 308 under which any gratuities or compassionate allowances may be paid to the surviving relatives of any such servants whose death has been caused through the execution of their duty; (l) the payment of contributions, at such rates and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed in such regulations, to a pension or provident fund established by the [Municipality]1 or with approval of the [Municipality]1 by the said servants; (m) the conditions subject to which sums due to a [Municipality]1 maybe written off as irrecoverable, and the conditions subject to which the whole or any part of fee chargeable for distress may be remitted; (n) all matters similar to those set forth in clauses (e) to (m) and not otherwise provided for in this sub-section; and (o) all matters similar to those set forth in clauses (a) to (d) and not otherwise provided for in this sub-section. (2) Provided that the State Government may if it thinks fit, make regulations consistent with this Act in respect of any of the matters specified in clauses (d) and (h) to (n) of sub-section (1), and any regulations so made shall have the effect of rescinding any regulation made by the [Municipality]1 under the said sub-section in respect of the same matter or inconsistent therewith. Power of 298. (1) A [Municipality]1 by a special resolution may, and where required by [Municipality]1 the State Government shall make, bye-laws applicable to the whole or any part to make bye of the [municipal area]2 consistent with this Act and with any rule, for the laws purpose of promoting or maintaining the health, safety and convenience of the inhabitants of the [municipal area]2 and for the furtherance of municipal administration under this Act. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 154 (a) ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] (2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the power conferred by sub-section (1) the [Municipality]2 wherever situated may in the exercise of the said power, make any bye-law described in List I below and the [Municipality]2, wholly or in part, situated in a hilly tract may further make, in the exercise of the said power, any bye-law described in List II below : LIST I BYE-LAWS FOR ANY [MUNICIPALITY]3 A- Building (a) Extending, with reference to sub-section (2) of Section 178. the necessity of giving notice to all buildings; (b) declaring with reference to clause (d) of sub-section (3) of section 178, an alteration of any specific description to be a material alteration, (c) determining the information and plans to be furnished to the 309 [Municipality]3 under section 179; (d) prescribing that, on payment of fees in accordance with such scale as specified in this behalf plans and specifications shall be obtainable from the [Municipality]3 or from an agency prescribed by the [Municipality];3 (e) fixing, with reference to Section 181, the period for which a sanction shall remain in force; (f) prescribing the type or description of buildings which may or may not and the purposes foe which a building may or may not be erected in any prescribed area or areas; (g) prescribing the circumstances in which a mosque, temple, church or other sacred building may or may not be erected, re-erected or altered; (h) prescribing with reference to the erection, re- erection or alteration of buildings or of any class of buildings or any of the following matters : (i) the materials and method of construction to be used for external and party walls, roofs and floors; (ii) the position and the materials and method of construction of fire-place, chimneys, drains, latrines, privies, urinals and cesspools; (iii) the height and slope of the roof above the upper most floor upon which human beings are to live or cooking operations are to be carried on; (iv) the ventilation and the space to be left about the building to secure free circulation of air and to facilitate scavenging and for prevention of fire; 1- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 2- Subs. by section 49 (a) ibid. 3- Subs. by section 49 (b)(i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] (v) the level and width of foundation, level of lowest floor and stability of structure; (vi) the number and height of the storeys of which the building may consist ; (vii) the means to be provided for egress from the building in case of fire; (viii) any other matter affecting the ventilation or sanitation of the building; (ix) the conditions subject to which sanction for the construction or alteration of a well may be refused or granted, with a view to prevent pollution of the water or danger to any person using the well ; (i) regulating, in any manner not specifically provided for in this Act, the erection of any enclosure, wall, fence, tent, awning or other structure, of whatsoever kind or nature, on any land within the limits of the 310 [municipality]2 B- Drains, privies, cesspools, etc. (a) regulating in any manner not specifically provided for in this Act the construction, alteration, maintenance, preservation, cleansing and repair of drains, ventilation shafts and pipes, water–closets, privies, latrines, cesspools and other drainage works; (b) regulating or prohibiting the discharge into drains or deposit therein of sewage, sullage, polluted water and other offensive or obstructive matter ; (c) prescribing the size and nature of the works which owners or occupiers may be required to construct under Sections 192, 267, and 268, and the agency which shall or may be employed for executing such works. C- Extinction of fire (a) prescribing the officer to whom and the place at which the outbreak of a fire shall be reported; and (b) generally making provision for the procedure and precautions to be adopted by the public on the occasion of a fire and for any other thing relating to fires in respect of which provision is necessary. D- Scavenging (a) prescribing the times and places at which receptacles of filth, rubbish or other offensive matter shall be in readiness for the removal of the contents by the municipal scavenging agency. 1- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 2- Subs. by section 49 (b)(i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] [(aa) regulating the work of house-scavenging by customary sweepers and providing for grant of licences to them and the conditions of any such licence and (b) making provision for any other matter relating to house scavenging. E- Streets (a) determining the information and plans to be furnished to the Municipality under Section 203 ; (b) permitting, prohibiting or regulating the use or occupation of any or all public streets or places by itinerant vendors, or by any person for the sale of articles, or for the exercise of any calling or for the setting up of any booth or stall, and providing for the levy of fees for such use or occupation ; (c) regulating the conditions on which permission may be given under Section 209 for projections over streets and drains and under Section 265 for the temporary occupation of streets. 311 F- Markets, slaughter- houses, sale of food etc. (a) prohibiting, subject to the provision of Section 241, the use of any place as a slaughter- house, or as a market or shop for the sale of animals intended for human food or meat or fish or as a market for the sale of fruit or vegetables, in default of a license granted by the Municipality or otherwise than in accordance with the conditions of a licence so granted ; (b) prescribing the conditions subject to which and the circumstances in which, and the areas or localities in respect of which, licences for such use may be granted refused, suspended or withdrawn; (c) providing for the inspection of, and regulation of conduct of business in a place used as aforesaid so as to secure cleanliness therein or minimize any injuries, offensive or dangerous effect arising or likely to arise therefrom ; (d) providing for the establishment, and except so far as provision may be made by bye-laws under sub-head (c) for the regulation and inspection of markets and slaughter–houses, of livery stables, of encamping grounds, of sarais, of flour-mills, of bakeries, of places for the manufacture, preparation or sale of specified articles of food or drink or for keeping or exhibiting animals for sale or hire or animals of which the produce is sold, and of places of public entertainment, or resort, and for the proper and cleanly conduct of business therein ; [(dd) prescribing the conditions subject to which, and the circumstances in which and the areas or locality in respect of which licences for the purposes of sub-head (d) may be granted, refused suspended or withdrawn and fixing the fees payable foe such licenses and prohibiting the establishment of business places mentioned in sub-head (d) in default of licence granted by the Municipality or otherwise than in accordance with the conditions of a licence so granted,]1 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1949. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] (e) in a [municipal area]3 where a reasonable number of slaughter houses has been provided or licensed by the [Municipality]3 controlling and regulating the admission within [limits of the municipal area]1 for purposes of sale of the flesh (other than cured or preserved meat) and any cattle, sheep, goats or swine slaughtered at a slaughter- house or place not maintained or licensed under this Act. G- Offensive Trades (a) except where and so far as is inconsistent with anything contained in the Indian petroleum Act, 1899 (Act No VIII of 1899) or in rules made thereunder, prohibiting the use of any place in default of a licence granted by the [Municipality]3 or otherwise than in accordance with the conditions of a licence so granted, as a factory or other places, of business- (i) for boiling or storing offal, blood, bones, guts or rags, 312 (ii) for storing hides horns or skins, (iii) for tanning, (iv) for the manufacture of leather or leather goods, (v) for dyeing, (vi) for melting tallow or sulphur, (vii) for burning or baking bricks, tiles, pottery or lime, (viii) for soap making, (ix) for oil boiling, (x) for storing hay, straw, thatching grass, wood, coal or other dangerously inflammable material, (xi) for storing petroleum or any inflammable oil or spirit, (xii) for storing and pressing cotton and cotton refuse, (xiii) for any other purpose if such use is likely to cause a public nuisance or involve risk of fire; (b) prescribing (but not so to derogate from any power conferred on a [Municipality]2 by section 245) the circumstances in which and the areas or localities in respect or which licences may be granted, refused, suspended or withdrawn; and (c) providing for the inspection and regulation of the conduct of business in a place used aforesaid, so as to secure cleanliness therein or to minimize any injuries, offensive or dangerous effect arising or likely to arise therefrom. 1- Subs. by section 154 (c) of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Subs. by section 49 (b) (i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] H- Public safety and convenience (a) prescribing for the standard weights and measures to be used within the [municipality]3, and providing for the inspection of the same, (b) providing for the regulation or prohibition of any description of traffic in the streets where such regulation or prohibition appears to the [Municipality]3 to be necessary; (c) imposing the obligation of taking out licences on the proprietors or drivers of vehicles (other than motor vehicles) boats or animals kept or plying for hire, or on person hiring themselves out for the purpose of carrying loads within the limits of the [municipality]3, and fixing the fees payable for such licenses and the conditions on which they are to be granted and may be revoked; (d) limiting the rates which may be demanded for the hire of a 313 carriage, cart, boat or other conveyance, or of animals hired to carry loads, or for the services of persons hired to carry loads, and the loads to be carried by such conveyances, animals or persons when hired within the [municipality]3 for a period not exceeding twenty-four hours or for a service which would ordinarily be performed within twenty-four hours; (e) prohibiting, in any specified street or area, the residing of public prostitutes and the keeping of a brothel or the letting or other disposal of a horse or building to public prostitutes or for a brothel ; (f) for the regulation of the posting of bills and advertisements; (g) fixing and regulating the use of place at which boats may be moored, loaded and unloaded, and prohibiting the mooring, loading and unloading of boats except at such places as may be prescribed by the [Municipality]3; (h) providing for the seizure and confiscation of ownerless animals straying within the limits of the [municipality]3; (i) providing for the registration of [animas]1; (j) providing for the imposition of an annul fee for such registration; (k) requiring that every registered [animals]1 shall wear a collar to which shall be attached a token to be issued by the [Municipality]3; (l) providing that [an animal]1, unless registered and wearing such token, may if found in any public place, be destroyed or otherwise disposed of ; 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Subs. by section 49 (b) (i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] (m) prohibiting or regulating, with a view to promoting the public safety or convenience, any act which occasions or is likely to occasion a public nuisance and for the prohibition or regulation of which no provision is made under this heading. (n) providing for the confinement, removal or destruction of animals, [(o) regulating the keeping and the tethering of cattle.]1 I- Sanitation and Prevention of Disease (a) regulating or prohibiting for the purpose of preventing danger to the public health the stalling or herding of horses, camels, cattle, swine, donkeys, sheep or goats; (b) prescribing and regulating the construction, dimensions, ventilation, lighting, cleansing, drainage, and water supply of dairies and cattle-sheds in the occupation of persons following the trade of dairymen 314 or milk-sellers and providing for the inspection of milk-cattle and securing the cleanliness of milk stores, milk shops and vessels used by milk-sellers or butter men for milk or butter; (c) controlling and regulating the use and management of burial and burning grounds and fixing the fees to be charged where such grounds have been provided by the [Municipality]3 and prescribing or prohibiting routes for the removal of corpses or burial or burning- grounds; (d) regulating sanitation and conservancy; (e) declaring that no place, unless specially exempted, shall be used as a lodging–house, unless it has been duly licensed as such by the [Municipality]3 and prescribing the conditions subject to which such licenses may be granted refused suspended or withdrawn and fixing the fees payable for such licenses ; (f) providing in default of a bye-law made under the preceding sub-head, for the registration and inspection of lodging houses, the prevention of overcrowding, the promotion of cleanliness and ventilation, and prescribing the notices to be given and the precautions to be taken in the case of any infectious or contagious disease breaking out therein, and generally for the proper regulation of lodging houses; (g) prohibiting the digging of excavations, cesspools, tanks or pits within specified areas except with the permission of the [Municipality]3 and specifying the conditions subject to which such permission may be given; (h) prohibiting or regulating with a view to sanitation or the prevention of disease, any act which occasions, or which is likely to occasion a public nuisance and for the prohibition or regulation of which no provision is made under this heading 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Subs. by section 49 (b) (i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] J- Miscellaneous (a) prohibiting or regulating any act which occasions or is likely to occasion, a public nuisance for the prohibition or regulation of which no provision is made under this Act; (b) providing for the registration of births deaths and marriages and the taking of a census within the [municipality]3 and for compulsory supply of such information as may be necessary to make such registration or census effective; (c) for the protection from injury or interference of anything within the [municipality]3 being the property of Government or of the [Municipality]3 or being under the control of the [Municipality]3; (d) fixing any charges or fees or any scale of charges or fees to be paid for house scavenging or the cleansing of latrines and privies under 315 Section 196 (c) or for any other municipal service or under taking or to be paid under Section 293 (1) or Section 294 of the Act and prescribing the times at which such charges or fees shall be payable and designating the person authorized to receive payment thereof; (e) providing for the holding of fairs and industrial exhibitions within the [municipality]3 and under the control of the [Municipality]3, and fixing the fees to be levied thereat; (f) requiring and regulating the appointment by owners of buildings and lands in the [municipality]3 or persons residing within or near the [municipality]3 to act as their agents for all or any of the purposes of this Act or of any rule or bye-law; (g) specifying the records and documents belonging to or in the possession of, the [Municipality]3 of which inspection may be made or copies of given and the charges to be levied for inspection or copies of such records and documents, and regulating inspection and the giving of copies; (h) providing for the granting of licences for the sale and for the dispensing of medicinal drugs; (i) providing for the registration and control of midwives and dais publicly practicing their profession; ( j) [***]1 (k) providing for the establishment and maintenance of maternity centers and child-welfare clinics; (l) providing for the establishment, maintenance and grants- in- aid to institutions of physical culture and supply of milk; (m) providing for the installation and maintenance of radio receiving stations; 1- Omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Subs. by section 49 (b) (i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 298-List I] (n) providing for the establishment and maintenance of baby-folds and rescue homes for women; (o) providing for the removal of social disabilities of scheduled casts and backward classes; (p) taking measures for the control of beggary; (q) taking measures for the removal of prostitutes from a specified area to another specified area; [(r) providing the manner of allotment of land to the persons engaged traditionally in the vocation of making earthen pottery. Explanation-- A person shall be deemed to be engaged traditionally in such vocation if he belongs to such class of persons as may be notified by the State Government.]3 316 LIST II FURTHER BYE –LAWS FOR A HILL[MUNICIPALITY]4 H- Public Safety and convenience (n) regulating or prohibiting the cutting or destroying of trees or shrubs, or the making of excavations or removal of soil or quarrying; and providing for the alteration, repair and proper maintenance of building and compounds, for the closing of roads and bye-paths for the general protection of the surface land on the hillside where such bye- laws appears to the Municipality to be necessary for the maintenance of a water-supply, the preservation of the soil, the prevention of land slides or of the formation of ravines or torrents the protection of land against erosion, or the deposit thereon of sand, gravel or stones.

(o) prohibiting the lighting of fires in the top storey of a building which by reason of its contiguity to other buildings, might be a source of danger to the latter in the event of a fire breaking out within it, and the walls of which storey do not exceed seven feet in height, or the placing of stands for lamps and candles in any position which the [Municipality]2 may deem to be dangerous to the public safety; (p) regulating the rule of the road; (q) rendering licences necessary within the [municipality]2 - (i) for persons working as job porters for the conveyance of goods; (ii) for animals, vehicles and other conveyances let out on hire for a day or part thereof; and (iii) for persons impelling or carrying such vehicles and other conveyances; 1- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 2- Subs. by section 49 (b) (i) ibid. 3- Subs. by section 49 (b) (ii) ibid. 4- Subs. by section 49 (c) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 299-301] (r) prescribing the conditions subject to which such licences may be granted, refused, suspended or withdrawn; (s) regulating the charges to be made for the services of such job porters as aforesaid, and for the hire of such animals, vehicles and other conveyances and for the remuneration of persons who impel or carry such vehicles or conveyances. I- Sanitation and Prevention of Disease (i) rendering licences necessary for using premises within bazaars as stables or cow-houses or as accommodation for sheep goats and fowls, (j) preventing overcrowding in houses and inhabited sites, and J- Miscellaneous (i) providing for the registration, generally or within particular 317 months, of persons entering or leaving the [municipality]4. Infringement of 299. (1) In making a rule the State Government, and in making a bye-law the rules and bye- [Municipality]2 with the sanction of the State Government, may direct that a laws. breach of it shall be punishable with fine which may extend to [one thousand]1 rupees and when the breach is a continuing breath, with a further fine which may extend to [twenty five rupees]1 for every day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the offence. (2) The [Municipality]2 may with like sanction prescribe a similar penalty for the breach of a rule lawfully made under the United Provinces Municipalities Act, 1873 (Act XV of 1873) and still remaining in force. Previous 300. (1) The power of the State Government to make rules or regulations under publication of this chapter is subject to the condition of the rules or regulations being made rules, etc. made after previous publication and of their not taking effect until they have been by the State published in the Official Gazette. Government (2) Any rule or regulation made by the State Government may be general for all municipalities or for all municipalities not expressly excepted from its operation or may be special for the whole or any part of any one or more than one municipality as the State Government directs. [Regulation and 301. (1) The power of the municipality to make bye-laws under Section 298 bye-laws to be shall be subject to the condition of the bye-laws being made after previous published. publication. (2) The regulations made under Section 297 and U.P. primary Education Act, 1919 and the bye-laws made under Section 298 shall be published in the Official Gazette. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4- Subs. by section 49 (b) (i) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 301A-303] State 301-A (1) If, at any time, it appears to the State Government that any bye-law Government should be modified or repealed either wholly or in part, it shall cause its reasons may modify or for such opinion to be communicated to the municipality and prescribe repeal bye-laws. reasonable period within which the municipality may make any representation with regard thereto which it shall think fit. (2) After receipt and consideration of any such representation or, if in the meantime no such representation is received, after the expiry of the prescribed period, the State Government may at any time, by notification in the Official Gazette, modify, or repeal such bye-law either wholly or in part. (3) The modification or repeal of a bye–law under sub-section (2) shall take effect from the date of the publication of the notification in the Official Gazette.]3 318 CHAPTER X PROCEDURE Municipal Notices Fixation of 302. Where any notice issued under any section of this Act or under any rule or reasonable time bye-law requires an act to the done for which no time is fixed by such section or for compliance rule or bye-law, the notice shall specify a reasonable time for doing the same, and it shall rest with the Court to determine whether the time so specified was a reasonable time within the meaning of this section. Service of notice 303. (1) Every notice or bill issued or prepared under any section of this Act or under any rule or bye-law shall, unless it is in such section or rule or bye-law otherwise expressly provided, be served or presented- (a) by giving or tendering the notice or sending it by post to the person to whom it is addressed, or (b) if such person is not found, then by leaving the notice or bill at his last known place of abode, if within [municipality]1 limits, or by giving or tendering the notice or bill to some adult male member or servant of his family, or by causing the building or land (if any) to which the notice or bill relates. (2) When a notice under this Act or under a rule or a bye-law is required or permitted by or under this Act, or under a rule or a bye-law to be served upon an owner or occupier of a building or land it shall not be necessary to name the owner or occupier therein and the service thereof, in cases not otherwise specially provided for in this Act, shall be effected either- (a) by giving or tendering the notice, or sending it by post, to the owners or occupiers or if there be more owners or occupiers than one, any one of them, or 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Subs. by section 50 ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 304-307] (b) if no such owner or occupier is found, then by giving or tendering the notice to an adult male member or servant or his family, or by causing the notice to be fixed on some conspicuous part or the building or land to which the same relates. (3) Whenever the person on whom a notice or bill is to be served is a minor, service upon his guardian or upon an adult male member or servant of his family shall be deemed to be service upon the minor. Method of 304. Subject to the provisions of this Act or any rule, regulation or bye-law, in giving public every case where public notice is to be given by a [Municipality]2, such notice notice shall be deemed to have been given if it is published in some local English or vernacular paper (if any) and posted upon the notice board to be exhibited for public information at the building in which the meetings of the [Municipality]2 319 are ordinarily held. Defective form 305. No notice or bill shall be invalid for defect of form. Disobedience to 306. Where, by this Act or a notice issued there under, the public is required to public notice of do or to refrain from doing anything, a person who fails to comply with such provision of Act requisition shall if such failure is not an offence punishable under any other applicable to the section, be liable on conviction by a Magistrate to a fine not exceeding [one public thousand]1 rupees for every such failure and in the case of continuing breach, to a further fine which may extend to [twenty-five]1 rupees for every day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the breach. Disobedience to 307. If a notice has been given under the provisions of this Act or under a rule or notice issued to bye-law to a person requiring him to execute a work in respect of any property, individual movable or immovable public or private, or to provide or do, or refrain from doing anything within a time specified in the notice, and if such person fails to comply with such a notice, then- (a) the [Municipality]2 may cause such work to be executed or such thing to be provided or done, and may recover all expenses incurred by it on such account from the said person in the manner provided by Chapter VI; and further; (b) the said person shall be liable on conviction before a Magistrate, to a fine which may extend to [one thousand]1 rupees, and in case of continuing breach, to a further fine which may extend to [twenty-five rupees]1 for every day after the date of the first conviction during which the offender is proved to have persisted in the offence. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 308-310] Liability of 308. (1) If the person to whom the notice mentioned in Section 307 has given, occupier to pay is the owner of the property in respect of which it is given, the [Municipality]1 in default of may (whether any action or other proceeding has been brought or taken against owner. such owner or not) require the person, if any who occupies such property or a part thereof under such owner to pay to the [Municipality]1 instead of to the owner, the rent payable by him in respect of such property, as it fails due, up to the amount recoverable from the owner under Section 307 and any such payment made by the occupier to the [Municipality]1 shall, in the absence of any contract between the owner and the occupier to the contrary, be deemed to have been made to the owner of the property. (2) For the purpose of deciding whether action should be taken under sub- section (1), the [Municipality]1 may require an occupier of property to furnish information as to the sum payable by him as rent on account of such property and as to the name and address of the person to whom it is payable and if the 320 occupier refuses to furnish such information he shall be liable for the whole of the expenses as if he were the owner. (3) All money recoverable by the [Municipality]1 under this section shall be recoverable in the manner provided by Chapter VI. Right of 309. Whenever default is made by the owner of a building or land in the occupier to execution of a work required by or under this Act to be executed by him, the execute works in occupier of such building or land may, with the approval of the [Municipality]1, default of owner cause such work to be executed, and the expenses thereof shall, in the absence of any contract to the contrary, be the contrary, be paid to him by the owner, or the amount may be deducted out of the rent, from time to time, becoming due from him to such owner Procedure upon 310. (1) If, after receiving information of the intention of the owner of any opposition to building or land to take any action in respect thereof in compliance with a notice execution by issued under this Act, the occupier refuses to allow such owner to take such occupier action the owner may apply to a Magistrate. (2) The Magistrate upon proof of such refusal may make an order in writing requiring the occupier to allow the owner to execute all such works with respect to such building or land, as may be necessary for compliance with the notice, and may also, if he thinks fit, order the occupier to pay to the owner the costs relating to such application or order. (3) If, after the expiration of eight days from the date of the Magistrate’s order the occupier continues to refuse to allow the owner to execute such work, the occupier shall be liable, upon conviction to a fine which may extend to twenty- five rupees for every day during which he has so continued to refuse. (4) Every owner, during the continuance of such refusal, shall be discharged from any penalties to which he might otherwise have become liable by reason of his default in executing such works. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 311-314] Recovery of cost 311. When the occupier of a building or land has, in compliance with a notice of work by the issued under the provisions of this Act, executed a work for which the owner of occupier such building or land is responsible, either in pursuance of the contract of tenancy or by law shall in the absence of any contract to the contrary, be entitled to recover from the owner by deduction from the rent payable by him or otherwise the reasonable cost of such work. Recovery of 312. (1) The expenses incurred by the [Municipality]1 in effecting any removal expenses of under Section 263 or 265 or in the event of a written notice under section 211, removal by 263,264, or 278, not being complied with under Section 307, shall be [Municipality]1 recoverable by sale of the materials removed, and if the proceeds of such sale do under Section not suffice, the balance shall be recoverable from the owner of the said materials 211, 263, 264, in the manner provided by Chapter VI. 265, and 278. (2) If the expenses of removal are in any case paid before the materials are 321 sold, the [Municipality]1 shall restore the materials to the owner thereof, on his claiming the same at any time before they are sold or otherwise disposed of and on his paying all other expenses, if any incurred by the [Municipality]1 in respect thereof, or in respect of the intended sale or disposal thereof. (3) If the materials are not claimed by the owner thereof, they shall be sold by auction or otherwise disposed of as the [Municipality]1 thinks fit, as soon as conveniently may be after one month from the date of their removal whether the expenses of the removal have in the meantime been paid or not and the proceeds, if any, of the sale or other disposal shall after defraying there from the costs of the sale or their disposal, and if necessary of the removal be paid to the credit of the municipal fund, and shall be the property of the [Municipality]1. Relief to agents 313. (1) When a person, by reason of his receiving, or being entitled to receive, and trustees. the rent of immovable property as trustee or agent of a person or society would, under this Act, be round to discharge an obligation imposed by this Act on the owner of the property and for the discharge of which money is required, he shall not be bound to discharge the obligation unless he has, or but for his own improper act or default might have had, in his hands funds belonging to the owner sufficient for the purpose. (2) When an agent or trustee has claimed and established his right to relief under this section, the [Municipality]1 may give him notice to apply to the discharge of such obligation as aforesaid the first moneys which come to his hands on behalf, or for the use of the owner and should he fail to comply such notice, he shall be deemed to be personally liable to discharge such obligation. Prosecutions Authority for 314. Unless otherwise expressly provided, no Court shall take cognizance of any prosecution. of the offences punishable under this Act (whereof a list is given in Schedule VIII for the purpose merely of easier reference) or under any rule or bye-law, except on the complaint of, or upon information received from, the [Municipality]1 or some person authorized by the [Municipality]1 by general or special order in this behalf. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 315-318] Power to 315. (1) The Executive Officer or Medical Officer of Health of a compound [Municipality]1 or in municipalities in which there is no Executive Officer or offences. Medical Officer of Health, the president of a [Municipality]1 may either before or after the institution of proceedings, compound an offence against this Act or a rule or bye-law, except an offence described in Section 237 (4), 242, 246, 247, 281, 285 (5) or 295 : Provided that no offence shall be compoundable which is constituted by failure to comply with a written notice issued by or on behalf of the [Municipality]1, unless the notice has been complied with, in so far as compliance is possible. (2) When an offence has been compounded, the offender, if in custody, shall be discharged and no further proceedings shall be taken against him in respect of the offence so compounded. 322 (3) Sums paid by way of composition under this section shall be credited to the municipal fund. Compensation 316. If through an act, neglect or default on account whereof a person shall for damage to have incurred a penalty imposed by or under this Act any damage to the property municipal of the [Municipality]1 shall have been caused, the person incurring such penalty property. shall be liable to make good such damage as well as to pay such penalty and the amount of damage shall, in case of dispute, be determined by the Magistrate by whom the person incurring such penalty is convicted, and on non –payment of such amount on demand the same shall be levied by distress, and such Magistrate shall issue his warrant accordingly. Powers and 317. Every police officer shall give immediate information to the duties of police [Municipality]1 of an offence coming to his knowledge which has been in respect of committed against this Act or against an Act referred to in clause (b) of sub- offences and section (1) of Section 114, or against any rule made under any of the said Acts assistance to and shall be bound to assist all members officers and servants of the municipal [Municipality]1 in the exercise of their lawful authority. authorities Appeals from orders of [Municipality]1 and suits against the [Municipality]1 Appeals from 318. (1) Any person aggrieved by any order or direction made by order of [Municipality]1 under the powers conferred upon it by section 180 (1), 186, 204, [Municipality]1 205 ,208, 211, 212, 222 (6), 241 (2), 245, 278 and 285 or under a bye-law made under Heading ‘G’ of Section 298, may within thirty days from the date of such direction or order, exclusive of the time requisite for obtaining a copy thereof, appeal to such officer as the [State Government] may appoint for the purpose of hearing such appeals or any of them or failing such appointment, to the District Magistrate. [***]2 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Omitted by section 156 ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 319-322] (2) The Appellate authority may, if it thinks fit, extend the period allowed by sub-section (1) for appeal. (3) No appeal shall be dismissed or allowed in part or whole unless reasonable opportunity of showing cause or being heard has been given to the parties. Reference to 319. (1) If on the hearing of an appeal under Section 318 any question as to the High court. legality of the prohibition direction, notice, or order arises on which the officer hearing the appeal entertains reasonable doubt, he may, either of his own motion or on the application of any person interested draw up a statement of facts or the case and the point on which doubt, is entertained, and refer the statement with his own opinion on the point for the decision of the High Court. (2) On a reference being made under sub-section (1) the subsequent 323 proceedings in this case shall be as nearly in this case shall be as nearly as may be in conformity with the rule relating to references to the High Court contained in Order XLVI of the first Schedule of the code of Civil procedure, 1908, (Act V of 1908) or such other rules as are made by the high Court under Section 122 of that Code. Costs. 320. (1)The Court deciding the appeal shall have power to award costs at its discretion. (2) Costs awarded under this section to the [Municipality]1 shall be recoverable by the [Municipality]1 as if they were arrears of a tax due from the appellant. (3) If the (Municipality]1 fails to pay any costs awarded to an appellant under this section within ten days after the date of the communication of the order for payment thereof, the Court awarding the costs may order the person having the custody of the balance of the municipal fund to pay the amount. Finality of order 321. (1) No order or direction referred to in Section 318 shall be questioned in of Appellate any other manner or by any other authority than is provided therein. Authority. (2) The order of the Appellate Authority confirming, setting aside or modifying any such order or direction shall be final: Provided that it shall be lawful for the Appellate Authority upon application and after giving notice to the other party, to review any order passed by him in appeal by a further order passed within three months from the date of his original order. Suspension of 322. Where an order or direction referred to in Section 318 is subject to appeal orders passed and an appeal has been instituted against it, or a civil suit has been instituted in under Section respect thereof all proceedings to enforce such order and all prosecutions for a 318 pending breach thereof, may by order of the appellate Authority or of the Civil Court as decision of the case may be, suspended pending the decision of the appeal or the civil suit appeal or civil and if such order is set aside on appeal or by the decision of the Civil court suit regarding the disobedience thereof shall not be deemed to be an offence. subject of appeal or civil suit 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 323-326] Appeals from 323. Every order of forfeiture under Section 201 and every order under Section certain orders of 302 or Section 258 shall be subject to appeal to the next superior court to that by a Court. which the order was passed, but shall not be otherwise open to appeal or revision. Disputes as to 324. (1) Should a dispute arise touching the amount of compensation which the compensation [Municipality]1 is required by this Act to pay, it shall be settled in such manner payable by as the parties may agree, or in default of agreement, by the Collector upon [Municipality]1 application made to him by the [Municipality]1 or the person claiming compensation . (2) Any decision of the Collector awarding compensation shall be subject to a right of the applicant for compensation to require reference to the District Judge in accordance with the procedure set forth in Section 18 of the Land 324 Acquisition Act, 1894, (Act I of 1894). (3) In cases in which compensation is claimed in clamed respect of land, the Collector and the District Judge shall, as far as may be observe the procedure prescribed by the said Act for proceedings in respect of compensation for the acquisition of land acquired for public purposes. Decision of 325. (1) Should a dispute arise between a [Municipality]1 and other local disputes authority on any matter in which they are jointly interested, such dispute shall be between local referred to the State Government, whose decision shall be final. authorities. (2) The State Government may regulate by rule made under Section 296 the relation to be observed between [Municipality]1 and other local authorities in any matter in which they are jointly interested. Suits against 326. (1) No suit shall be instituted against a [Municipality]1, or against a [Municipality]1 member, officer or servant of a [Municipality], in respect of an act done or or its officers. purporting to have been done in its or his official capacity until the expiration of two months next after notice in writing has been in the case of a [Municipality]1, left at its office, and in case a member, officer or servant delivered to him or left at his office or place of abode, explicitly stating the cause of action, the nature of the relief sought the amount of compensation claimed and the name and place of abode of the intending plaintiff and the plaint shall contain a statement that such notice has been so delivered or left. (2) If the [Municipality]1, member officer or servant shall before action is commenced, have tendered sufficient amends to the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall not recover any sum in excess of the amount so tendered shall also pay all costs incurred by the defendant after such tender. (3) No action such as is described in sub-section (1) shall unless it is an action for the recovery of immovable property or for a declaration of title thereof, be commenced otherwise than within six months next after the accrual of the cause of action. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 326A-330] (4) Provided that nothing in sub-section (1) shall be construed to apply to a suit wherein the only relief claimed is an injunction of which the object would be defeated by the giving of the notice or the postponement of the commencement of the suit or proceeding. [Civil court not 326A No Civil Court shall in the course of any suit grant any temporary to grant injunction or make any interim order,- temporary injunctions in (a) restraining any person from exercising the powers or performing certain cases. the functions or duties of a President or Vice-President of a [Municipality]2 or by Chairman of a committee or sub-committee of a [Municipality]2 or of a member, officer or servant of a [Municipality]2 or of a committee or sub-committee of [Municipality]2 on that ground that such person has not been duly elected, nominated or appointed as such 325 President, Vice-President, Chairman, member, officer or servant; or (b) restraining any person or persons or any [Municipality]2 or committee or sub-committee of a [Municipality]2 from holding any election, or from holding any election in any particular manner.]1 CHAPTER XI SUPPLEMENTARY Delegation of 327. The State Government may notification delegate to the Prescribed powers by the Authority in respect of any specified [municipality]2 within his or its jurisdiction State any one or more of the powers vested in it by this Act, with the exception of the Government powers detailed in schedule VII. Facility for 328. The minute books and assessment lists of the [Municipality]2 shall be open inspection of to inspection free of charge by any tax-payer or elector under conditions to be minute books prescribed by bye-law in this behalf. and assessment lists. Provision for 329. Books containing every rule, regulation and bye-law shall be kept in the publicity of municipal office and shall be open during the ordinary hours of business to rules, regula- inspection free of charge by any person and shall be for sale to the public at such tions and bye- office at reasonable price to be specified by bye-law in this behalf. laws. Mode of proof 330. A copy of any receipt, application , plan, notice order, entry in a register or of municipal other documents in the possession of a [Municipality]2, shall if duly certified by records. the legal keeper thereof or other person authorized by bye-law in this behalf be received as prima facie evidence of the existence of the entry or documents and shall be admitted as evidence of the matters and transaction therein recorded in every case where, and to the same extent as, the original entry or document would if produced have been admissible to prove such matters. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 331- 333 A] Restriction on 331. No municipal officer or servant shall in any legal proceeding to which a the summoning [Municipality]1 is not a party be required to produce any register or document the of municipal contents of which can be proved under the preceding section by a certified copy, servants to or to appear as a witness to prove the matters and transactions recorded therein produce unless by order of the Court made for special cause. documents. Inspection of 332. With the previous sanction of the President any member of a municipal works [Municipality]1 may inspect any work of institution constructed or maintained in and registers by whole or part, at the expense of the [Municipality], and any register book, members. accounts or other document belonging to or in the possession of, the [Municipality]1. Exercise by 333. When a new municipality is created under this Act, the District Magistrate District or other officer or committee, or authority appointed by him in this behalf may 326 Magistrate of until a [Municipality]1 is established exercise the powers and perform the duties [Municipality’s]1 and functions of the [Municipality]1 and he or it shall for the purposes, aforesaid power pending be deemed to be the [Municipality]1: establishment of [Municipality]1 Provided always that the District Magistrate or such other officer or committee, or authority shall as early as possible make preliminary arrangements for the holding of first elections and generally of expediting the assumption by the [Municipality]1 of its duties when constituted. [***]2 [Consequences 333.A Where a smaller urban area is declared in place of a transitional area, the of declaration of following consequences shall follow as from the date of the declaration of the a smaller urban smaller urban area,- area in place of a transitional area (i) all taxes, fees, licences, fines or penalty imposed, prescribed or levied on the date immediately preceding the said date by the Nagar panchayat be deemed to have been imposed prescribed or levied by the Municipal Council under or in accordance with the provisions of this Act and shall until modified or changed continue to be so realizable; (ii) any expenditure incurred by the Nagar Panchayat, on or before the date immediately preceding the said date, from its fund, shall continue to be so incurred by the Municipal Council as if it was an expenditure authorized by or under this Act; (iii) all properties, including rights or benefits subsisting under any deed, contract, bond security or choses-inaction, vested in the Nagar Panchayat, on the date immediately preceding the said date, shall be transferred to and vested in and enure for the benefit of the Municipal Council; (iv) all liabilities whether arising out of contract or otherwise which have accrued against the Nagar Panchayat and are outstanding on the date immediately preceding the said date shall thereafter be the liabilities of the Municipal Council; 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Omitted by section 157 ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 333A-333B] (v) the Municipal fund of the Nagar Panchayat and all the proceeds of the unexpanded taxes, tolls, fees or fines levied or realized by it, shall be transferred to and from part of the municipal fund of the Municipal Council (vi) all legal proceedings commenced by or against the Nagar Panchayat and pending on the date immediately preceding the said date, shall be continued by or against the Municipal Council; (vii) any officer or servant who, on the date immediately preceding the said date, was employed by the Nagar Panchayat, in full time employment shall be transferred to and become an officer or servant of the Municipal Council as if he has been appointed by it under the provisions of this Act; and (viii) anything done or any action taken, including any appointment or delegation made, notification, order or direction issued, rule, regulation, 327 form, bye-law or scheme framed, permit or licences granted or registration effected by the Nagar Panchayat, shall be deemed to have been done or taken by the Municipal Council and shall continue in force accordingly until superseded by anything done or any action taken by it.] [Consequences 333.B Where a municipality is constituted for a municipal area which has been of constitution excluded from an existing municipal area (hereinafter in this section referred to of a municipality as undivided municipal area) the following consequences shall follow as from by excluding an the date of constitution (hereinafter in this section referred to as the said date) of area from the municipality,- existing municipal area. (a) all taxes, fees, licences, fines or penalties imposed, prescribed or levied, on the date immediately preceding the said date, by the municipality of the undivided municipal area be deemed to have been imposed, prescribed or levied by the newly constituted municipality under the provisions of this Act; (b) any expenditure in respect of the area included in the municipal area of the newly constituted municipality incurred by the municipality of the undivided municipal area on or before this date immediately preceding this said date from its funds, shall continue to be so incurred by the newly constituted municipality as if it was expenditure authorized by or under this Act; (c) all property within the municipal area of the newly constituted municipality, including the rights or benefits subsisting under any deed, contract, bond, security or chooses-in action vested in the municipality of the undivided municipal area on the date immediately preceding the said date, shall be transferred to and vested in and enure for the benefit of the newly constituted municipality; (d) all liabilities in respect of the municipal area of the newly constituted municipality, whether arising out of contract or otherwise which have accrued against the municipality of the undivided municipal area and are outstanding on the date immediately preceding the said date shall thereafter be the liabilities of the newly constituted municipality; 1- Subs. by section 158 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 334-339] (e) such part of the fund of the municipality of undivided municipal area and the proceeds of any unexpended taxes, tolls, fees or fines levied or realized by the said municipality, as may be decided by the State Government, shall be transferred to and from part of the municipal fund of the newly constituted municipality ; (f) such of the servants of the municipality of the undivided municipal area as are transferred to the newly constituted municipality shall become servants of the newly constituted municipality shall become servants of the newly constituted municipality as if they had been appointed by the newly constituted municipality under and subject to the provisions of this Act. (g) anything done or any action taken including any appointment or delegation made notification order or direction issued, rule, regulation form, bye-law or scheme framed, permit or licence granted or registration affected 328 under the provisions of the Act in relation to or in respect of the municipal area of the newly constituted municipality shall be deemed to have been done or taken by the newly constituted municipality.]2 Repeals and 334. (1) The enactments specified in Schedule IX are repealed. Savings (2) Provided that this repeal shall not affect- (a) the validity of any appointment or any grant or appropriation of money or property or any tax or impost, made or imposed under any enactment hereby repealed, or (b) the terms of remuneration or right to pension of any officer appointed before the commencement of this Act. Saving as to 335. Nothing in this Act shall affect any provisions of the Indian Railways Act, Indian Railways 1890 (Act no IX of 1890), or any rule made under this Act. Act, 1890. Validation of 336. All acts done before the commencement of this Act which could have been acts done before lawfully done if this Act had been in force shall be deemed to have been lawfully commencement done. of this Act 336-A [***]1 CHAPTER XII Notified Area 337. [***]3 338. [***]3 339. [***]3 1- Omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 159 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Omitted by section 160 ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Section 340-342] [Power to 340. (1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act or, remove by reasons of anything contained in this Act, to any other enactment for the time difficulties being in force the State Government may as occasion requires by a notified order make such provision not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as appears to it to be necessary or expedient for removing the difficulty. (2) No order under sub-section (1) shall be made after the expiration of the period of two years from commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local self Government Laws (Amendment) Act.1994. (3) The provisions made by any order under sub-section (1) shall have effect as if enacted in this Act and any such order may be made so as to be retrospective to any date not earlier than the date of the commencement of the 329 Uttar Pradesh Urban Local self Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994 (4) Every order made under sub-section (1) shall be laid as soon as may be before both the Houses of the State Legislature and the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 23-A of the Uttar Pradesh General Clauses Act, 1904 shall apply as they apply in respect of rules made by the State Government under any Uttar Pradesh Act. Construction 341. On and from the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local of references self Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994, any reference to the Municipal Board or the Town Area Committee constituted under the United Provinces Town Areas Act, 1914 [or the Notified area Committee constituted under section 338]3 in any rules, regulations bye-laws statutory instruments or in any other law for time being in force or in any document or proceedings shall be construed as reference [to the municipal Council for the municipal Board or to the Nagar Panchayat for the Town Area Committee or the Notified Area Committee.]4 Provision until 342. [(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, all the powers, functions and the constitution duties of every Municipal Board its president and Committees, Notified Area of municipalities Committee and its Chairman, or Town Area Committee and its Chairman, as they stood immediately before the commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Local Self Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994 shall on such commencement vest in and be exercised, performed and discharged by the District Magistrate who shall in respect of Municipal Board, its President and Committees, be deemed to be Municipal Council, its President and Committees and in respect of Notified Area Committee and its Chairman or Town Area Committee and its Chairman be deemed to be Nagar Panchayat and its Chairman.]5 (2) The District Magistrate May delegate all or any of the powers functions and duties to any other person or authority. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Ins. by section 51 (a) ibid. 4- Ins. by section 51 (b) ibid. 5- Subs. by section 52 (a) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule I] (3) The District Magistrate in whom the powers, functions and duties of a Municipal Board and its President, or a Notified Area committee and its Chairman or a Town Area Committee and its Chairman are vested under the Uttar Pradesh Municipalities Notified Areas and Town Areas (Alpakalik vyavastha ) Adhiniyam 1994 including the person or authority to whom the District Magistrate has delegated his powers, shall be deemed to be vested with such powers, functions and duties under the provisions of this section. [(4) Notwithstanding anything in this section, the election to constitute the Municipal Councils and the Nagar Panchayats shall be held within a period of one and a half years from the date of commencement of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Local Self Government Laws (Amendment) Act, 1994 in accordance with the provisions of this Act as amended by the said Act and on the constitution of the 330 Municipal Council or the Nagar Panchayat, as the case may be, the provisions of sub-section (1), (2) and (3) shall cease to have effect.]5 ]3 SCHEDULE I THE POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF A [MUNICIPALITY]2 [Section 50 (e) (ii), 111(1) and 112 (1) (a)] Section Power or duty Remarks 1 2 3 2 [***]1 3 [***]1 * [***]1 * [***]1 44A To elect a president in a casual vacancy. 47A To pass a vote of non-confidence in the President 52 To require the President to furnish reports etc. 54 To elect, or accept the resignation of a Vice- President 57 [To appoint and employ and executive officer and a medical officer of health. 58 [[To dismiss, remove or otherwise punish, an executive officer of health] 59 To appoint a person to officiate as executive officer in cases where the vacancy exceeds two months 61 To entertain appeals from orders of the executive May be officer or the medical officer of health delegated 63 To require the executive officer or the medical officer of health in furnish returns, etc 66 To appoint a secretary, to dismiss, remove or otherwise punish the secretary. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 7 of 1953. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 161 ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 5- Subs. by section 52 (b) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]4 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule I] (1) (2) (3) 67 [To dismiss, remove or otherwise punish] a secretary. 68 To appoint Civil Engineer, Assistant Civil Engineer, Electrical engineer Assistant Electrical Engineer, Water- Works Engineer Assistant Water works Engineer, Electrical and Water Works Engineer, Assistant Electrical & Water Works Engineer, qualified Overseer or sub Overseer, Secretary, Superintendent or Lady Superintendent of Education. 69 To dismiss remove or otherwise punish any officer appointed under section 68. 70(a) To prohibit the employment of temporary servants for 331 any particular work. 71 To determine the number and salaries of the Board’s permanent staff. 72 To appoint one person to discharge the duties of two or more officers. 74 and 76(2) [***] 79(2) To establish a provident fund. 79(3) (4) and To grant a gratuity, or compassionate allowance or to (5) grant or purchase an annuity. 81 To institute a suit against a member. 82(2)(f) To fix the amount up to which a member may be interested in occasional sales to the [Municipality]. 94(6) To modify or cancel a resolution 96(1) [To sanction contracts for which budget provision does not exist or involving a value or amount exceeding ten thousand rupees in the case of a contract by a Municipal Council and three thousand rupees in the case of a contract by a Nagar Panchayat.]2 96 (2) To empower a committee or officer or servant of the [Municipality]1 to sanction other contracts. 96(3) To empower engineer to sanction contracts. 97(2)(b) [***]3 99 To sanction a budget and to vary or alter a budget. 104(1) To appoint and remove members of committees. 104(2) To establish and appoint the members of advisory committees. 105 To appoint persons other than members of the [Municipality]1 to committees. 106 To fill up vacancies in committees. 107(1) To appoint the [President] of any committee. 109 To call for returns etc. from a committee. 110 To appoint joint committees and to vary or rescinded any written instrument by virtue of which any joint committee has been appointed. 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 162 (a) (i) ibid. 3- Omitted by section 162 (a) (ii) ibid. 4- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule I] (1) (2) (3) 112 To delegate powers or duties conferred or imposed on a [Municipality]2. 115 To invest or place any portion of the municipal fund in deposit. 117 To undertake State Government to acquire land. 118 To undertake the management or control of property entrusted to it 119 To manage,control and administer, and hold in trust the funds of public institutions. 332 124 To transfer any property vested in the May be [Municipality]2 delegated if the transfer relates to movable property. 125 To make compensation out of the municipal fund. 128to 137 To take any action relating to a tax. 141 To cause an assessment list to be prepared and to May be delegated appoint a person to make the assessment list. 143(3) To hear and decide objections, or to delegate the May be power to hear and hear and decide objections. delegated 147(1) To amend an assessment list. May be delegated 156 To permit compounding for taxes. 157(1)and (2) To exempt from taxation. 186 [***]1 187 To establish and maintain a fire brigade. 189 [***]1 190 [***]1 196(a) and (b) By public notice to undertake the house scavenging or cleansing of latrines or privies, and to relinquish undertaking 197(2) To pass orders on an application for the exclusion May be of a house from a notice under section 196(a). delegated 211 [***]1 212 -A To control and regulate the construction of any building or street and drains beyond [municipal area]4 up to a distance of two miles. 217(1) (a) To give a name to a street. 1- Omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4- Subs. by section 53 (a) (ii) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule I] (1) (2) (3) 219 To make, alter, divert or close a public street, to provide building sites thereon, to take steps to acquire land for such purposes and to sell or dispose or land so acquired. 221 To declare a street as public street. 222(1) and (3) To define “the regular line of the street”. 224 To construct and alter water-works. 237(1) To fix premises for the slaughter of animals for sale. 333 238 To fix premises for the slaughter or animals not intended for sale or slaughterd for religious purpose, and to prohibit such slaughter elsewhere. 245(1) [***]1 250(1) To require the muzzling of dogs. 253(proviso) To direct that the section shall not apply to vehicles proceeding at not more than a walking pace. 257 (1) To direct that roofs and external walls shall not be made of inflammable materials without the [Municipality’s]2 consent. 259 To prohibit the stacking or collecting of inflammable materials, etc. 269 To require the removal of a nuisance from tanks and the like, when such removal involves the [Municipality]2 acquiring or providing land. 237(1) (b) To appoint places for disposal of offensive matter and (c) and rubbish and to issue directions as to the time manner and conditions of removal thereof. 257(3) To prescribe fees for the disposal of dead bodies of animals. 278 [***]1 282 To prohibit any cultivation use of manure or irrigation injurious to health.

285 To provide or close, or give permission for the making of, burning and burial grounds, to except private burial places from a public notice and to give permission to use an unrecognized burial or burning ground. 286 To set apart bathing and washing places to prescribe conditions for the use of such places and to prohibit bathing and washing at other places. 1- Omitted U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule II] (1) (2) (3) 290(2) To sanction execution of water-works or a work under section 192, 267 and 168 at the charge of the municipal fund. 290(3) To transfer the [Municipality’s]1 interest in appliances appertaining to a water or drainage work to the owner of a building or land . 297 To make regulations. 298 To make bye-laws. 299 To direct that the breach of bye-laws shall be 334 punishable with fine. General Any power, duty or function which any rule requires to be exercised, performed or discharged by the [Municipality]1 itself by means of a resolution. SCHEDULE II SCHEDULED POWERS OF EXECUTIVE OFFECERS [Section 60 (a)(d) and 61 (1)(a)] Section Nature of powers or duties Remarks (1) (2) (3) 75 To appoint permanent [***] inferior staff. 76 [To dismiss remove or otherwise punish permanent inferior staff.] 79 (1) To pay leave allowances to officer or servant. 142 To give public notice of the place where an assessment list may be inspected. 143(1) To give public notice of the time fixed for considering valuation and assessments and to give notice to owners or occupiers of property. 143(2) To receive objection to valuations and assessments 147(2) To give notice to persons interested in an alteration proposed in an assessment list of the date on which the alteration will be made. 148(1) To receive notice of building newly built, rebuilt or enlarged. 150 (2) To exercise the option of levying the tax from the lessor . 151(1) and(2) To remit or refund a tax in case of a building, tenement or land remaining vacant and unproductive of rent 1- Subs. by section 72 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule II] (1) (2) (3) 152(1) To receive notice of the re-occupation of a building or land. 158 To call for information effecting liability to taxation 166 To present bills for taxes and other dues. 168 To cause a notice of a demand to be served. 169 To issue a distress warrant. 172(1) and (2) To sell goods distained. 335 172(3) To receive applications for a refund and to make a refund . 173 To apply to a Magistrate for the issue of a warrant 176 To sue for a demand . 178(1) To receive a notice of the intention to erect, re-erect or make a material alteration in a building etc. 179(1) To determine when information regarding such notice is satisfactory. 179(2) To require plans, specification and further information [186 To direct by notice that the erection, re-erection or Appealable alteration of a building etc., shall be stopped or that a building etc. be altered or demolished. ]1 [189 To construct drains. ]1 [190 To alter and discontinue municipal drains.]1 191(1) To give permission and to prescribe conditions for the connection of private drains with municipal drains. 191(2) To require that a drain made in contravention of bye- Appealable law or of the terms of permission or without permission shall be closed etc. 192(1) To enforce a drainage connection with a public drain. 193 To receive applications to call for objections to issue Appeal lies orders thereon, to construct drains and recover cost of against an construction and compensation. order recorded under sub- section (3) 194 To give permission for diversion of drain and to Appealable prescribe conditions for such diversion . 196(c) and With the consent of an occupier, undertake house (d) scavenging or the removal of night soil or other offensive matter or rubbish and relinquish such undertaking. 201(1) To complain to a Magistrate of the negligence of a customary sweeper. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule II] (1) (2) (3) 202(1) To complain to a Magistrate of the failure of an agriculturist to provide for proper house scavenging. 204 [To receive application for permission to lay out and make a street]. 209 To give permission for projections. Appeal lies from orders recorded 336 refusing permission 211 To issue a notice for the removal or alteration of a Appealable projection 213 To give permission for erection and repair of building etc. and to issue orders regarding hoarding etc. 214 To require hedges and trees to trimmed. 215 To remove and recover the expense of removal of or to issue a notice requiring the removal of an obstruction caused by fallen house, etc. 216 To require the provision to trough and pipes for rain water. 217(1) (b) To affix the name of street or a house number to a and (c) building or to require the owner or occupier to affix a number plate and to cause or require such names and number to be altered. 218 To attach posts and brackets to buildings for lamps telegraph and telephone wires etc. 220 To give permission for the use or occupation of a public street or place. 224 To provide fencing and lighting during repairs of public street, etc. 225(1) To require private wells etc., to be cleansed, 225(2) To require a person to desist from using a private well, Appealable etc. or to close or fence the same. 227 To require the removal or closing of drains, latrines. Appealable etc. near a source of water- supply. 229 To supply water by agreement. 230 To charge for the supply of water. 236 To remove or otherwise deal with unauthorized Appealable building over drains, etc. or to issue notice for the removal of such buildings, etc. 240 To authorize an officer to seize flesh brought within the municipal limits in contravention of a bye-law and to issue orders as to the disposal of such flesh. 1- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule II] (1) (2) (3) 244(1) and To seize articles exposed for sale which appear to be (2) unfit for the consumption of man and drugs suspected to being adulterated or spent: and to produce such drugs before a Magistrate. 245(1) To issue a notice relating offensive trades. Appealable 249 To authorize a person to destroy or confine dogs 337 suspected to be suffering from rabies, etc. 250(2) To authorize persons to destroy or confine unmuzzled dogs. 256 To give permission for the use of public land for halting animals or vehicles. 257(2) To require the removal of a roof and wall, if Appealable inflammable 258 To search for inflammable material and to seize any quantity in excess of the quantity permitted 260 To issue notices regarding dangerous quarrying and to put up hoarding and fences to prevent imminent danger. 261 To give permission for the displacing of pavements etc. and to recover expenses incurred by the [Municipality] by reason of such displacement etc, 263 To require by notice buildings, etc. in a dangerous or Appeal lies ruinous state to be demolished or repaired or wells, against an tanks, etc. to be repaired and enclosed and to take order to repair or enclose a immediate action where the danger is imminent. tank 264 To require unoccupied building or land which Appealable occasions a public nuisance to be secured or enclosed. 265 To give written permission for the temporary obst- ruction of a street and to remove any obstruction from a street and to recover the cost of removal. 266 To give permission for the removal of earth ,etc. from open spaces. 267 To require provision alteration, removal, closing, Appeal lies cleansing and screening of private drains, cesspools, against an dustbins, latrines etc. order under clause (a) of sub-section (1) requiring an owner or occupier to close or remove or under clause (b) of sub- section (1) to 1- Chapter-III subs. by section 32 of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule II] (1) (2) (3) provide a latrine, urinal water-closet, drains, cess- pool, dust- bin or other receptacle 338 for filth sullagewater rubbish or refuse. 268 To require the provision and cleansing of latrines and urinals for factories etc. 269 (in part) To require the cleansing, repairing, covering filling up or draining off of wells, tanks, etc. 270 To inspect drains etc. and to cause the ground to be opened. 271 To require the cleansing of filthy building or lands. 273(1) (a) To provide receptacles and places for the temporary deposit of offensive matters, 275(1) To arrange for the disposal of dead bodies of animals. 275(3) To charge and recover fees for such disposal. (in part) 276 To give permission for, and to prescribe conditions regarding the discharging of sewage, etc. 277 To enter and inspect a building and to direct that a building be disinfected, etc. [278 To issue orders regarding building unfit for human Appealable habitation.]1 280 To remove to hospital a cholera or small pox patient, etc. 283 To require an owner or occupier to clear away noxious vegetation. 284(1) To require that excavation, etc. made in contravention of bye-laws or the conditions of a permission shall be filled up or shall be drained. 291 To apply to the Collector to recover rent of land. 293 To charge fees for the use or occupation of immovable property vested in, or entrusted to the management of the Municipality and to levy or recovers such charge. 294 To charge fees for licences, sanction and to permission 307 To cause a work to be executed and to recover the expenses thereof. 1- Subs. by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule III] (1) (2) (3) 308 To require an occupier to pay rent to a [Municipality] instead of to the defaulting owner, and to require an occupier to furnish information regarding the rent payable by him, etc. 309 To approve the execution of a work by an occupier, 339 312 To recover the cost of removal by sale of materials removed, to restore the materials to the owner under certain conditions, or to sell them when not claimed by the owner. 313(2) To give notice to a trustee or an agent to apply moneys received on behalf of an owner to the discharge of obligations of the owner. 314 To institute prosecutions by making complaints and giving information and to authorize other persons to make such complaints and give such information. 317 To receive information from a police officer. SCHEDULE III NOTICE OF PROPOSAL TO IMPOSE TAX [SUB-section (3) of Section 131] Notice is hereby given to the inhabitants of the [Municipal area]1 of ………. that the [municipal area]1 desires to impose the tax rate [***]3 or cess (as the case may be) described in the proposals appended in** lieu of the tax known as the ………… Any inhabitant of the [municipal area]1 objecting to the proposals or rules appended hereto may within a fortnight from date of this notice send his objections in writing to the [Municipality]1. PROPOSALS The proposals framed by the [Municipal area]1 under sub-section (1) of section 131 are to be appended here. RULES The proposals framed by the Municipality under sub-section (2) of Section 131 are to be appended here. 1- Subs. by section 162(b) of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of chapter III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 3- Omitted by section 53 (b) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]2 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule IV-V] SCHEDULE IV FORM NOTICE OF DEMAND [Section 168] To, A,B……. residing at……….. 340 Take notice that the municipal area of…….. demands from…………………. to sum of ……………. due from …………….on account of ………….(here describe the property, occupation, circumstance or thing in respect of which the sum is leviable)…………………… leviable under ……………. for the period of …………………. commencing on the ………………..day of ……………. 20………….and ending on the………….….day of ……………..20……………….and that if, within fifteen days from the service of this notice, the said sum is not paid into the municipal office at………………..or sufficient cause for non-payment is not shown to the satisfaction of the municipal area, a warrant of distress will be issued for the recovery of the same with costs. Dated this…………………..day of………………………20……….. (Signed) By order of the Municipal area of …………………………………. SCHEDULE V FORM OF WARRANT [See sub-section(1) of Section 169] (Here insert the name of the officer charged with the………………………………. execution of the warrant). Whereas A, B,of………………..has not paid…………………and has not shown satisfactory cause for the non-payment of the sum of………………….due for the liability* …………………. mentioned in the margin for the period ……………… commencing on the …………………day of…………………. 20……………. and ending with the………………………..day of………………..20………………….and leviable under ……………….. And whereas fifteen days have elapsed since the on him of notice of demand for the same: This is to command you to distrain subject to the provisions of Section 171 of the United provinces Municipalities Act, 1916 the goods and chattels of the said A, B, to the amount of …………………………….being the amount due from him as follows: Rs. p. on account of the ……………………. liability …………………….. For service of notice ……………….. …………………….. and forthwith to certify to me together with this warrant all particulars of the goods seized by you there under. Dated this……………………day of……………………….20………………… (Signed) Chairman or other officer 1- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995 [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VI- VII] 341 [See Section 169 (2)] Note— It shall be necessary to execute the warrant if the defaulter makes full payment to you before to you before removal of his goods. SCHEDULE VI FORM OF INVENTORY OF GOODS DISTRAINED AND NOTICE OF SALE [See sub-section (4) of Section 171] To, A,B,………………………………residing at…………………… Take notice I have this day seized the goods and chattels specified in the inventory beneath this, for the value of……………………..due of the liability** mentioned in the margin for the period commencing with the ……………………day of…………………… 20…………………, and ending with the…………………….day of………………………… 20…………… …… ….., together with Rs……………………… due for service of notice of demand and that unless within 5 days from the date of the service of this notice you pay into the municipal office at……………………………….. the said amount together with the cost of recovery, the said goods and chattels will be sold. Dated this ……………………………..day of……………………..20 (Signature of officer executing the warrant) Inventory SCHEDULE VII POWERS OF THE [STATE GOVERNMENT] THAT MAY NOT BE DELEGATE [See Section 327] Section Power of duties (1) (2) [3(1) To specify with limits any area to be a transitional area or a smaller urban area as the case may be. 3 (2) To include or exclude any area in or from a transitional area or a smaller urban area as the case may be.]4 8 (1) (n) [To declare expenditure or anything to be an appropriate charge on the municipal fund]2 9 (a) To prescribe by notification the number of members of [Municipality]1 whom may be elected. [9(b) To nominate the members to the Nagar Panchayats or the Municipal Council as the case may be]5 10 [***]6 1- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 162 (iii) ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4- Subs. by section 53 (c) (i) ibid. 5- Added by section 53 (c) (iii) ibid. 6- Omitted by section 53 (c) (iv) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]12 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VII] 342 (1) (2) [13-A To appoint date or dates for general election to a Municipality.]13 13-D To remove a disqualification under (a) and (b) of this section. 13-I [***]2 30 To dissolve [***]3 a [Municipality]1 for a specified period. 31 [***]4 34(2) To rescind or modify an order passed under this section by the Prescribed Authority or the District Magistrate with respect to a city. 35(in part) [***]5 To fix a period for the performance of duty and if the duty is not performed within the period so fixed, to appoint the District Magistrate to perform it and to direct that the expense of performing it shall be paid by the [Municipality] 40(1) [To remove a member of a municipality.]6 40(2) [***]7 40(3) [To remove a member in certain circumstances. 40(5) [***]7 40(6) To warn [***]8 a member as a punishment]. 41(4) To declare a member removed by the State Government to be no longer ineligible for further election or nomination 47-A [***]9 48 To remove [***]10 a President. 55(3) To remove [***]11 a Vice- president 57 [To approve the appointment] of an executive Officer and a Medical Officer of Health. 57(2-A) To nominate Account Officers and to lay down the terms and conditions of their service. 58 To entertain and pass orders on an appeal by an Executive Officer against his dismissal, removal or other punishment to transfer a Medical Officer of Health from one [Municipality]1 to another. 1- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Subs. by section 162 (c)(v) ibid. 3- Subs. by section 162 (c) (vi) ibid. 4- Added by section 162 (c) (vii) ibid. 5- Omitted by section 162 (c) (viii) ibid. 6- Subs. by section 162 (c)(ix) ibid. 7- Subs. by section 162 (c) (x) ibid. 8- Added by section 162 (c) (xi) ibid. 9- Omitted by section 162 (c) (xii) ibid. 10- Subs. by section 162 (c)(xiii) ibid. 11- Subs. by section 162 (c) (xiv) ibid. 12- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 13- Subs. by section 53 (c)(v) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VII] 343 (1) (2) 59(3) To approve to appointment of an officiating Executive officer if the term of appointment exceeds two months. 60-A To direct that in any [municipality]2 the Medical Officer of Health and not the Executive officer shall exercise certain powers conferred on the executive Officer. 60-B To direct that in any [municipality]2 the principal officer of the Electrical, Public Works and Water Works Departments and Municipal Museum shall with reference to their departments exercise the power under clause (e) of sub section (1) of section 60. 65 In default of his appointment by a [Municipality]2 to appoint a person to be an executive officer or to as Executive Officer and to fix the salary contributions to provident fund or pension and other conditions appertaining to such appointment. 73and 74 [***]1 79(4) and(5) To sanction grant of compassionate allowance or grant or purchase of annuity by [Municipality]2. 99(2) To direct submission of budgets to specified officers. 102 To direct that budgets of specified [Municipality]2 shall be subject to sanction 104(1) To require a [Municipality]2 to appoint committees. 110 To require the appointment of joint committees. 114-A To permit a [Municipality]2 to raise loans. 115(2) To determine the amount of security of a banker. 116 To make reservation regarding property ordinarily vesting in [Municipality]2. 117 To acquire land for a [Municipality]2 under the Land Acquisition Act. 122(1) To declare by notification what portion of the property and liabilities of a [Municipality]2 shall be transferred to another local authority when a portion of the municipal area is placed under the control of such local authority. 122(2) To declare what portion of the property and liabilities of a [Municipality]2 shall be transferred to the state Government when a local area if excluded from the transitional area or the smaller urban area as the case may be and is not immediately placed under the control of another local authority. 122(4) To decide in any case falling under sub-section (1) or (2) that it is undesirable to transfer any portion of municipal funds or liabilities. 1- Omitted by U.P. Act No. 27 of 1964. 2- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 3- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 4- Subs. by section 53 (c)(vi) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]3 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VII] 344 (1) (2) 124(2) To sanction the transfer to Government of any property vested in [Municipality]1 126 To provide police protection at fairs, etc., and to determine the portion of the charges payable by a [Municipality]1. 130-A To require a [Municipality]1 to impose a tax to vary its rates. 133(2) To sanction, refuse to sanction or return for further consideration proposals for taxation under section 128, sub section (1) clauses (i) to (xii) submitted by a city, or proposals for taxation received from any [Municipality]1 under section 128 sub-section (1) clause(xiii). 135(2) To notify the imposition of a tax sanctioned by the State Government. 137(1) To require a [Municipality]1 to remove a defect in or relating to a tax. 137(2) To suspend, abolish or reduce a tax. 157(3) To exempt from taxation 160(1) To empower an officer to hear appeals against taxation. 180-A To approve construction of places of public entertainment. 279and 280 To notify infectious diseases. 296 (in part) To make rules except rules under clauses (a), (b) and (c) of Section 153 applicable to municipalities other than cities. 318 To appoint an officer to hear appeals from certain orders of [Municipality]1. 327 To delegate powers. 336-A To direct that during the transition period, the Act shall have effect subject to certain adaptations, alterations and modifications]1. 337 [***]2 338(1)(e) [***]2 338(2) [***]2 339 [***]2 1- Subs. by section 72 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 12 of 1994. 2- Omitted by section 162 (c) (xv) ibid. 3- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VIII] 345 CHAPTER VIII LIST OF OFFENCES [Section 314] Section Description of offences Fine or other punishment that may be imposed 1 2 3 148(2) Failure to report for entry in property Rupees 50 or ten times tax assessment list a new or altered building. payable for three months. 152(2) Failure to report reoccupation of vacant Rupees 50 or ten times tax building due since occupation 155 [***]2 [***]2 185 Illegal erection or alteration of a building Rupees 1,000 subject to a minimum of Rs. 250 191(2) Illegal construction or alteration of a drain Rupees 50 connection 201(2) Negligence by customary sweeper Rupees 10 207 Illegal making of street. Rupees 500 210 Construction of unauthorized projection over Rupees 1,000 subject to a street or drain minimum of Rupees 250. 213(3) Failure to obtain permission for, and to Rupees 500 and rupees 10 safeguard dangerous tree cutting and for each day that offence is building operation repeated after conviction 217(2) Improper interference with street names and Rupees 250. house numbers 223(2) Interference with arrangements made during Rupees 50. street repair etc. 237(4) Slaughter on unlicensed premises of animals Rupees 20 per animal. for sale. 242 Improper feeding of animal kept for dairy Rupees 50. purposes or used for food. 245 Failure to obey a notice prohibiting or Rupees 200 and Rupees 40 regulating the use of premises for an for each day that offence is offensive trade. repeated after conviction 246 Loitering and soliciting for immoral Rupees 50. purposes. 247(2) Disobedience to Magistrate’s order Rupees 25 per day prohibiting use of houses as brothel 1- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 2- Omitted by section 162 (d) ibid. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VIII] 346 (1) (2) (3) 248 Importunate begging Rupees 50. 252 Neglect of the rules of the road Rupees 10. 253 Driving vehicles without proper lights. Rupees 20. 254 Failure to remove elephant, etc. to safe Rupees 20. distance 255(1) Allowing cattle to stray or be tethered. Rupees 250. 256 Un-authorised use of municipal land as Rupees 100 and Rs 10 for halting place. each day that offence is repeated after conviction 257(3) Un-authorised erection or continuance of Rupees 25 and Rs 10 for inflammable construction each day that offence is repeated after conviction 261(1) Un-authorised interference with pavements Rupees 1,000. and other municipal property 262 Dangerous discharge of firearms or Rupees 20, fireworks and indulgence in dangerous games. 265 Obstruction of streets Rupees 500 and Rs 10 for each day that offence is repeated after conviction. 266 Unauthorized digging on public land Rs 500 and Rs 10 for each day that offence is repeated after conviction. 272 Failure of owner or occupier to remove Rs 50 and Rs 5 for each offensive matter. day that offence is repeated after conviction. 274 Improper disposal by owner or occupier of Rupees 250. rubbish, night soil, etc. 275(2) Failure to dispose of dead animals Rupees 10. 276 Improper discharge of sewage into a street Rupees 250. or drain. 279 Failure to give information of cholera,small Rupees 50. pox, etc. 281 Doing certain acts while suffering from Rupees 50. infectious disorder. 1- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. [The [Uttar Pradesh]1 Municipalities Act, 1916] [Schedule VII] 347 285(5) Burial or burning of corpses in a place not Rupees 500. recognized as a burial or burning ground. 295 Obstruction to municipal employees. Rupees 1,000 or imprisonment for six months or both. 299 Contravention of rules or bye-laws to the Any sum not exceeding Rupees breach of which penalty is attached. 1,000 as prescribed and up to Rs. 25 for each day that offence is repeated after conviction. 306 Disobedience to public notice or provision Rupees 1,000 and Rs. 25 for of the Act applicable to the public. each day that offence is repeated after conviction. 307 Disobedience to notice issued to individual Rupees 1,00 and Rs. 25 for each day that offence is repeated after conviction . 310(3) Refusal by occupier to allow owner to take Rupees 25 for each day of action required by notice. refusal] SCHEDULE IX REPEALED ENACTMENTS [Section 334(1)] Section Description Fine or other punishment that may be imposed of offences Year No Short title or subject Acts of the State Government 1900 I The United Provinces Municipalities Act. 1901 V The United Provinces Municipalities (Amendment) Act 1907 I The United Provinces Municipalities (Amendment) Act. 1891 I The United Provinces Water works Act. 1895 II The United Provinces Water Works (Amendment) Act. 1901 I The United Provinces Water Works (Amendment) Act. 1908 I The United Provinces Water Works (Amendment) Act. 1892 I The United Provinces Lodging House Act. 1894 III The United Provinces Water Works (Amendment) Act. 1- Subs. by section 32 of Chapter-III of U.P. Act No. 26 of 1995. 348 349