The INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT (STANDING ORDERS) ACT, 1946

THE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT (STANDING ORDERS) ACT, 1946 INTRODUCION Earlier the economic law of demand and supply in the labour market settled mutually beneficial bargain between the employer and the workman. It was taken as granted that such a bargain would secure fair terms and conditions of employment to the workmen. They had a binding faith in the inity of this law. But the working of this law has belied their faith. Later workman found that they did not possess adequate bargaining strength to secure fair terms and conditions of service, they organised themselves in trade unions and insisted on collective bargaining with the employer. The advent of trade unions and collective bargaining created new problems for maintaining industrial peace and production for the society. Workmen started putting forth their demands. Recognising the rough deal that was being given to the workers by employers who would not define their conditions of service and the inevitability of industrial strife in such a situation, the legislature made an attempt to intervene by introducing the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Bill, 1946. Experience has shown that ‘standing orders’ defining the conditions of recruitment, dis- charge, disciplinary action, holidays, leave, etc., go a long way towards minimising friction between the management and workers in industrial undertakings. Discussion on the subject at the tripartite Indian labour Conference revealed a consensus of opinion in favour of ‘standing orders’ in all industrial establishment employing one hundred or more workers. In the first instance, the Act will apply to the categories of industrial establishments specified in clause (2) (e), which include, besides factories and railways, mines, quarries and oil fields, tramway or motor, omnibus services, docks, wharves and jetties, inland steam vessels, plantations and workshops. Government will be competent to extend the Act to other classes of industrial establishments or to grant exemptions where necessary, by notifications. Within 6 months from the date on which the Act becomes applicable to an industrial establishment the employer is required to frame draft ‘standing orders’ and submit them to the certifying Officer for certification. The draft should cover all the matters specified in the Schedule to the Act and any other matter that Government may prescribe by rules. The Certifying Officer will be empowered to modify or add to the draft standing orders so as to render them certifiable under the Act. It will not be his function (nor of the Appellate Authority) to adjudicate upon their fairness or reasonableness. There will be a right to appeal against the decisions of the Certifying Officers. ACT 20 OF 1946 The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Bill, 1946 was passed by the legislature and it received the assent on 23rd April, 1946. It came on the statue book as the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 (20 of 1946). LIST OF AMENDING ACT AND ADAPTATION ORDERS 1. The Indian Independence (Adaptation of Central Acts and Ordinances) Order, 1948 2. The Adaption of Laws Order, 1950 3. The part B States (Laws) Act, 1951 (3 of 1951) 4. The Industrial Disputes (Amendment and Miscellaneous provisions) Act 1956 36 of 1956) 5. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Amendment Act, 1963 (39 of 1963) 6. The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Amendment Act, 1963 (39 of 1963) 7. The Central Labour Laws (Extensions to Jammu and Kashmir) Act, 1970 (51 of 1970) 8. The Industrial employment (Standing Orders) Amendment Act, 1982 (18 of 1982) THE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT (STANDING ORDERS) ACT, 1946 (20 OF 1946)1 [23rd April, 1946] An Act to require employers in industrial establishments formally to define conditions of employment under them. WHEREAS it is expedient to require employers in industrial establishments to define with sufficient precision the conditions of employment under them and to make the said conditions known to workmen employed by them; It is hereby enacted as follows: - 1. Short title, extent and application. -(1) This Act may be called the Industrial employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. (2) It extends to 2[the whole of India 3[***]]. [ (3) It applies to every industrial establishment wherein one hundred or more workmen are employed, or were employed on any day or the preceding twelve months; Provided that the appropriate Government may, after giving not less than two months’ notice of its intention so to do, by notification in the Official Gazette, apply the provisions of this Act to any industrial establishment employing such number of persons less than one hundred as may be specified in the notification. 5[* * *] 6[ (4) Nothing in this Act shall apply to- (i) any industry to which the provisions of Chapter VII of the Bombay Industrial Relations Act, 1946 (Bombay Act 11 of 1947) apply; or (ii) any industrial establishment to which the provisions of the Madhya Pradesh Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1961 (Madhya Pradesh act 26 of 1961) apply: Provided that notwithstanding anything contained in the Madhya Pradesh Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1961 (Madhya Pradesh Act 26 of 1961 ), the provisions of this Act shall apply to all industrial establishments under the control of the Central Government.] COMMENTS (i) Once the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act becomes applicable to an establishment, it does not cease to apply on account of subsequent fall in the number of the workmen in the establishment ; Balakrishna Pillali v. Anand Engineering works (P) Ltd., (1974) II LLN 199 (Bom). . 1. For Statement of Objects and Reasons, see Gazette of India, 1946. Pt. V, pp. 179 and 180. The Act has been extended to Gao, daman and Diu by Reg. 12 of 1962, sec. 3 and Sch., to Pondicherry (w.e.f. 1-10-1963), by reg. 7 of 1963, sec.3 and Sch. I and to Lacadive Minicoy and Amin Divi Islands (w.e.f. 1-10-1967) by reg. 8 of 1965, sec. 3 and Sch. 2. Subs. by the A.O. 1950, for “ all the Provinces of India”. 3. The words “ except the State of Jammu and Kashmir” omitted by Act 51 of 1970, sc. 2 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-9-1971). 4. Subs. by Act 16 of 1961, sec. 2 for sub- section (3). Second proviso omitted by Act 39 of 1963, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 23-12-1963). 6. Ins. by Act 39 of 1963, sec. 2(w.e.f. 23-12-1963). (ii) The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 contains a provision requiring employers in the industrial establishments to define terms and conditions of the employment under them and to make such terms and conditions known to the workmen employed by them, from the very beginning; Narendra pal Galot v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1994) LLR 21 (All). (iii) Any order may be questioned under article 226 of the Constitution of India if the Certified Standing Orders are illegal, and violative of the principles of natural justice; Narendra Pal Gahlot v. state of Uttar Pradesh, (1994) LLR 21 (All). (iii) The certified standing orders when come in the force will be binding to the existing as well as those employees who are appointed subsequently; Hyderabad Allwyn Ltd. Co. v. Addl. Industrial Tribunal -cum-labour Court; (1990) 76 FJR 139 (AP). 2. Interpretation- In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, - 1[ (a) “appellate authority” means an authority appointed by the appropriate Government by notification in the functions of an appellate authority under this Act: Provided that in the relation to an appeal pending before an Industrial Court or other Authority immediately before the commencement of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Amendment Act, 1963 (39 of the 1963), that court or authority shall be deemed to be the appellate authority;] (b) “appropriate Government” means in respect of Industrial establishments under the control of the Central Government, that Government may , either on a reference made to it by the employer or the workman or a trade union or other representative body of the workmen, or on its own after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, decide the question and such decision shall be final and binding on the parties;] (c) “Certifying Officer” means Labour Commissioner or regional Labour Commissioner, and includes any other officer appointed by the appropriate Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, to perform all or any of the functions of a Certifying Officer under this Act;] (d) “employer means the owner of an industrial establishment to which this act for the time being applies, and includes- (i) in a factory, any person named under 5[clause (f) of sub-section (1) of section 7, of the Factories Act, 1948 (63 of 1948)], as manager of the factory; (ii) in any industrial establishment under the control of any department 1. Subs. by Act 39 of 1963, sec.3, for clause (a) (w.e.f.23-12-1963). 2. Subs. by the A.O. 1950 for “Federal RAILWAY”. 3. Added by Act 18 of 1982, sec.2 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). 4. Subs. by Act 16 of 1961, sec.3, for clause (c). 5. Subs. by Act 16 6 of 1961, sec.3, for clause (e) of sub - section 9 of the factories act, 194 (25 of 1934)”. of any Government in India, the authority appointed by such Government in this behalf, or where no authority is so appointed, the head of the department; (iii) in any other industrial establishment, any person responsible to the owner for the supervision and control of the industrial establishment; (e) “Industrial establishment” means- (i) an industrial establishment as defined in clause (ii) of section 2 of the Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (4 of 1936), or (ii) a factory as defined in clause (m) of section 2 of the Indian Railways Act, 1890 (9 of 1890), or (iv) the establishment of a person who, for the purpose of fulfilling a contract with the owner of any industrial establishment, employs workmen; (f) “Prescribed” means prescribed by rules made by the appropriate Government under this Act; (g) “standing orders” means rules relating to matters set out in the Schedule; (h) “trade union” means a trade union for the time being registered under the Indian Trade Unions act, 1926 (16 of 1926); 2[(i) “wages” and “workman’ have the meanings respectively assigned to them in clauses (rr)and (s) of section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947)]. COMMENTS (i) Workmen of an industrial establishment, where “appropriate Government” is the Central Government, will be governed by the Model Standing Orders of the Central Government till its own standing orders are certified and come into the operation in accordance with the Act; Bhim Sain Prabhakar v. Chaturvedi, (1990) 1 LLN 591 (P&H). (ii) Contractual stipulation in the letter of appointment control over ride the provisions of the statute. The latter shall have the overriding effect; Bhim Sain Prabhakar v. Chaturvedi, (1990) 1 LLN 591 (P&H). 3. Submission of draft standing orders.- (1) Within six months from the date on which this Act becomes applicable to an industrial establishment, the employer shall submit to the certifying officer five copies of the draft standing orders proposed by him for adoption in his industrial establishment. (2) Provision shall be made in such draft for every matter set out in the Schedule which may be applicable to the industrial establishment, and where model standing orders have been prescribed, shall be, so far as is practicable, in conformity with such model. (3) The draft standing orders submitted under this section shall be accompanied by a statement giving prescribed particulars of the workmen employed in the industrial establishment including the name of the trade union, if any, to which they belong. 1. Subs. by Act 16 of 1961, sec.3, for sub-clause (ii). 2 Subs. by Act 18 of 1982,sec.2 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). (4) Subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, a group of employers in similar industrial establishment may submit a joint draft of standing orders under this section. 4. Conditions for certifications of standing orders.- standing orders shall be certifiable under this Act if- (a) provision is made therein for every matter set out in the Schedule which is applicable to the industrial establishment, and (b) the standing orders are otherwise in conformity with the provisions of this Act, and it 1 [shall be the function] of the Certifying Officer or appellate authority to adjudicate upon the fairness or reasonableness of the provisions of any standing orders. COMMENTS (i) The words “any standing order” would include “Model Standing Orders”, proposed standing orders” and the proposed modification to the already certified standing orders’; Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. v. Joint Chief Labour Commissioner, (1990) 76 FJR 93 (Del) (ii) A duty is cast on the Certifying Officer to see that the draft standing orders or the modification thereof not only should conform with the Model Standing Orders but also, he has to see to adjudicate whether the same is reasonable or fair, Indian Oil corporation Ltd. v. Joint Chief Labour Commissioner, (1990) 76 FJR 93 (Del). 5. Certification of standing orders.- (1) On receipt of the draft under section 3, the Certifying Officer shall forward a copy thereof to the trade union, if any, of the workmen, or where there is no such trade union, to the workmen in such manner as may be prescribed, together with a notice in the prescribed from requiring objections, if any, which the workmen may desire to make the draft standing orders to be submitted to him with in Fifteen days from the receipt of the notice. (2) After giving the employer and the trade union or such other representatives of the workmen as may be prescribed, an opportunity of being heard, the Certifying Officer shall decide whether or not any modification of or addition to the draft submitted by the employer is necessary to render the draft standing orders certifiable under this Act, and shall make an order in writing accordingly. (3) The Certifying Officer shall thereupon certify the draft standing orders, after making any modifications therein which his order under sub-section (2) may require, and shall within seven days thereafter send copies of the certified standing orders authenticated in the prescribed manner and of his order under sub-section (2) to the employer and to the trade union or other prescribed representatives of the workmen. COMMENTS (i) when the settlement was arrived at between the workmen and the company and which is still in force, the parties are to remain bound by the terms of that settlement. Till the settlement is terminated, Certified Standing Orders cannot be allowed to be amended; Barauni Refinery Pragatishil Sharmik Parishad v. Officer shall Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (1990) 76 FJR 93 (Del). (ii) The certified standing orders have the overriding effect on other service rules or regulations; S. Alamelu v. The Superintending Engineer, South Arcot Electricity System, 1990 LLR 457 (Mad). 1. subs. by Act 36 of 1956, sec.32, for “shall not be the function” (w.e.f. 17-9-1956). 2 Subs. by Act 18 of 1982, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). 6. Appeals .- (1) 2[ Any employer, workmen, trade union or other prescribed representatives of the workmen] aggrieved by the order of the Certifying Officer under sub-section(2) of section may , within 1 [thirty days] from the date on which copies are sent under sub-section (3) of that section, appeal to the appellate authority, and the appellate authority, whose decision shall be final, shall by order inwriting confirm the standing orders either in the form certified by the Certifying Officer or after amending the said standing order by making such modification thereof or additions thereto as it thinks necessary to render the standing orders certifiable under this Act. (2) The appellate authority shall, within seven days of its order under sub-section (1), send copies thereof the Certifying Officer, to the employer and to the trade union or other prescribed representatives of the workmen, accompanied, unless it has confirmed without amendment the standing orders as certified by the Certifying Officer, by copies of the Standing Orders as certified by it and authenticated in the prescribed manner. 7. Date of operation of standing orders.- Standing orders shall, unless an appeal is preferred under section 6, come in to operation on the expiry of thirty days from the date on which authenticated copies thereof are sent under sub-section (3 of section 5, or where an appeal as aforesaid is preferred, on the expiry of seven days from the date on which copies of the order of the appellate authority are sent under sub-section (2) of section 6. 8. Register of standing orders.- A copy of all standing orders as finally certified under this Act shall be filed by the Certifying Officer in a register in the prescribed form maintained for the purpose, and the Certifying Officer shall furnish a copy thereof on payment of the prescribed fee. 9. posting of standing orders.- The text of the standing orders as finally certified under this Act shall be prominently posted by the employer in English and in the language understood by the majority of his workmen on special boards to be maintained for the purpose at or near the entrance through which the majority of the workmen enter the industrial establishment and in all departments thereof where the workmen are employed. 10. Duration and modification of standing orders.- (1) Standing orders finally certified under this Act shall not, except on agreement between the employer and the workmen, 2 [ or a trade union or other representative body of the workmen] be liable to modification until the expiry of six months from the date on which the standing orders or the last modifications thereof came in operation. 3[(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), an employer or workman 2[ or a trade union or other representative body of the workmen] may apply to the Certifying Officer to have the standing orders modified and such application shall be accompanied by five copies of 4[ * * *] the modification are proposed to be made by agreement between the employer and the workmen 2[ or a trade union and other representative body of the workmen] a certified copy of that agreement shall be filed with the application. ] 1. Subs. by Act 16 of 1961, sec. 4 for “twenty- one days. 2. Ins. by Act 18 of 1982, sec. 2 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). 3. subs. by Act 36 of 1956, sec.32, for “shall not be the function” (w.e.f. 17-9-1956). 4. The words “ the standing orders in which shall be indicated” omitted by Act 39 of 1963, sec. 4, (w.e.f. 23-12-1963). (3) The foregoing provisions of this act shall apply in respect of an application under sub- section (2) as they apply to the certification of the first standing orders. 1[(4) Nothing contained in sub-section (2) shall apply to an industrial establishment in respect of which the appropriate Government is the Government of the State of Gujrat or the Government of the State of Maharashtra.] 2[10 A. Payment of subsistence allowances.- (1) Where any workmen is suspended by the employer pending investigation or inquiry into complaints or charges of misconduct against him, the employer shall pay to such workman subsistence allowance- (a) at the rate of fifty percent. of the wages which the workman was entitled to immediately preceding the date of such suspension; for the first ninety days of suspension; and (b) at the rate of seventy-five percent of such wages for the remaining period of suspension if the delay in the completion of disciplinary proceedings against such workman is not directly attributable to the conduct of such workman. (2) If any dispute arises regarding the subsistence allowances payable to a workman under sub-section (1) the workman or the employer concerned may refer the dispute to the labour court, constituted under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947(14 of 1947), within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the industrial establishment wherein such workman is employed is situate and the Labour Court to which the dispute is so referred shall, after giving the parties an opportunities of being heard, decide the dispute and such decision shall be final and binding the parties. (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section where provisions relating to payment of subsistence allowance under any other law for the time being in force in any State are more beneficial than the provisions of this section, the provisions of such other law shall be applicable to the payment of subsistence allowance in the State.] COMMENTS (i) Subsistence allowance paid during the period of suspension cannot be recovered; R. Govendraj v. Government Tool Room training Centre, (1990) 1 CLR 442 (Karn). (ii) Once the amendments have been certified, the certified standing orders operate. How- ever, they are law made under the provisions of the Act; May & Baker Ltd. v. Shri Kishore Jai Kishandas Ichaporia, (1991) 63 FLR 319(Bom). 11. Certifying Officers and appellate authorities to have powers of civil court- 3[(1) Every Certifying Officer and appellate authority shall have all the powers of a civil court for the purposes of receiving evidence, administering oaths, enforcing the attendance of witnesses, and completing the discovery and production of documents, and shall be deemed to be a civil court within the meaning of 4[ sections 345 and 346 of the Code of Criminal procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974).] 3[(2) Clerical or arithmetical mistakes in any order passed by a Certifying Officer or 1. Ins. by Act 39 opf 1963, sec.4, for clause (a) (w.e.f.23-12-1963). . 2 Ins. by Act 18 of 1982,sec.5 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). 3. Section 11 re-numbered as sub-section (1) thereof and sub-section (2) ins. by Act 39 0f 1963, sec,5 (w.e.f. 23-12-1963). 4. Subs. by Act 18 of 1982,sec.6 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). appellate authority, or errors arising therein form any accident slip or omission may, at any time, be corrected by that Officer or authority or the success or in office of such Officer or authority, as the case may be.] 12. Oral evidence in contradiction of standing orders not admissible. - No oral evidence having the effect of adding to or otherwise varying or contradicting standing orders as finally certified under this Act shall be admitted in any court. 1[12A. Temporary application of model standing orders.- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 3 to 12, for the period commencing on the date on which this Act becomes applicable to an industrial establishment and ending with the date on which the standing orders as finally certified under this Act come in to operation under section 7 in that establishment, the prescribed model standing orders shall be deemed to be adopted in that establishment, and the provisions of section 9, sub-section (2) of section 13 and section 13 A shall apply to such model standing orders as they apply to the standing orders so certified. (2) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall apply to an industrial establishment in respect of which the appropriate Government is the Government of the State of Gujrat or the Government of the State of Maharashtra.] COMMENTS Standing Orders prevail over the Regulation framed under another Act such as the T.N. Water Supply and Drainage Board Act; The Tamil; Nadu water supply & Drainage Board v. M.P. Vijay Kumar; (1991) 1 LIJ 260 (Mad). 13. Penalties and procedure. - (1) An employer who fails to submit draft standing orders as required by section , or who modifies his standing orders otherwise than in accordance with section 10, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, and in the case of a continuing offence with a further fine which may extend to two hundred rupees for every day after the first during which the offence continues. (2) An employer who does any act contravention of the standing orders finally certified under this Act or his industrial establishment shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, and in the case of a continuing offence with a further fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees for every after the first during which the offence continues. (3) No prosecution for an offence punishable under this section shall be instituted except with the previous sanction of the appropriate Government. (4) No court inferior to that of 2[ a Metropolitan Magistrate of Judicial Magistrate of the second class] shall try any offence under this section. 3[ 13 A. Interpretation, etc., of standing orders.- If any question arises to the application or interpretation of a standing order certified under this Act, any employer or workman 4[ or a trade union or other representative body of the workmen] may refer the question to any one of the Labour Court constituted under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947), and specified for the disposal of such proceeding by the appropriate Government by notification in the Official Gazette, and the Labour Court 1. Ins. by Act 38 of 1963, sec.6 (w.e.f.23-12-1963). . 2 Ins. by Act 18 of 1982, sec.7 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). 3. Ins. by Act 36 of 1957, sec.32 (w.e.f.10-3-1957). 4. Ins. by Act 18 of 1982, sec.8 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982). to which the question is so referred shall after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard, decide the question and such decision shall be final and binding on the parties. COMMENTS (i) A workman cannot go to civil court for the enforcement of this right which emanates to him from the provisions of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; Bhim Sain Parbhakar v. H.R. Chaturvedi, (1990)1 LLN 591 (P&H). (ii) Standing orders cannot be challenged in a claim petition under section 33C (2) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947; Presh Chand Gupta v. Joint labour Commissioner (Haryana), (1990) 60 FLR 47 (P&H). (iii) A Labour Commissioner is required to interpret any question raised as to the application or interpretation of a standing order. Model standing Order or amendment certified under the Act; Kishore Jaikishanchands Ichaporia v. mr. M.R. Bhope (P.O.), (1988) 56 FLR 478 (Bom). 13B. Act not to apply to certain industrial establishments.- Nothing in this Act shall apply to an industrial establishment in so far as the workmen employed therein are persons to whom the Fundamental and Supplementary Rules, Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal ) rules, Civil Services ( Temporary Services) Rules, Revised Leave Rules, Civil Service Regulation, Civilians in Defense Service (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules or the Indian Railway Establishment Code or any other rules or regulation as may be notified in this behalf by the appropriate Government in the Official Gazette, apply.] COMMENTS The notification under section 13B must be issued by the appropriate Government; Air India v. Union of India; (1991) 62 FLR 441 (Del). 14. Power to exempt. - The appropriate Government may by notification in the Official Gazette exempt, conditionally or unconditionally, any industrial establishment or class of industrial establishments for all or nay of the provisions of this Act. 1[14A. Delegation of powers. - The appropriate Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that any power exercisable by it under this Act or any rules made there under shall, in relation to such matters and subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in the direction, be exercisable also- (a) where the appropriate Government is the Central Government is the Central Government, by such officer or authority subordinate to the Central Government by the State Government or by such officer or authority subordinate to the State Government, as may be specified in the notification. (b) where the appropriate Government is State Government, by such officer or authority subordinate to the State Government as may be specified in the notification. 15. Power to make rules. - (1) The appropriate Government may, after previous publication, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may (a) prescribe additional matters to be included in the Schedule, and the procedure to be followed in modifying standing orders certified under this Act in a accordance with any such addition; 1. Subs. by Act 39 opf 1963, sec.7, for section14A (w.e.f.23-12-1963). (b) set out model standing orders for the purposes of this Act; (c) prescribe the procedure of Certifying Officers and appellate authorities; (d) prescribe the fee which may be charged for copies of standing orders entered in the register of standing orders; (e) provide for any other matter which is to may be or prescribed: Provided that before any rules are made under clause (a) representatives of both employers and workmen shall be consulted by the appropriate Government. 1[(3) Every rule made by the Central Government under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified from or be of no effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.] COMMENTS Model Standing Orders shall prevail over the certified standing orders; Kishore Jaikishanchands Ichaporia v. mr. M.R. Bhope (P.O.), (1988) 56 FLR 478 (Bom). THE SCHEDULE [ See sections 2(g) and 3 (2)] MATTERS TO BE PROVIDED IN STANDING ORDER UNDER THIS ACT 1. Classification of workmen, e.g., whether permanent, temporary, apprentices, probationers, or badlis. 2. Manner of intimating to workmen periods and hours of work, holidays, pay-days and wage rates. 3. Shift working. 4. Attendance and late coming. 5. Conditions of, procedure in applying for, and the authority which may grant, leave and holidays. 6. Requirement to enter premises by certain gates, and liability to search. 7. Closing and re-opening of sections of the industrial establishment, and temporary stop- pages of work and the rights and liabilities of the employer and workmen arising there from. 8. Termination of employment, and the notice thereof to be given by employer and work- men. 9. Suspension or dismissal for misconduct, and acts or omissions which constitute misconduct. 10. Means of redress for workmen against unfair treatment or wrongful exactions by the employer or his agents or servants. 11. Any other matter which may be prescribed. . 1 Subs. by Act 18 of 1982,sec.9 (w.e.f. 17-5-1982).