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South Africa Act or statute

Parliament of the Republic of South Africa

Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012

This provision amends several definitions in section 1 of the Sheriffs Act, 1986. The Minister may appoint a fit and proper person as sheriff of a lower or superior court, after considering an Advisory Committee report…

acting sheriffadministrative appointmentsallowancesappointment of sheriffsappointment powersappointmentsaudit reportingboard administrationboard appointmentsboard compositionboard governancecertificationcommencementcommittee administrationcompliancecourt administrationcourt process servicefinancial reportingfinancial statementsfund recoverygovernancegovernment administrationgovernment appointmentsjudicial administrationlegal commencementlegal draftinglegal process compliancelitigationmeeting proceduresmeetingsministerial appointment powerministerial submissionoffice tenureoffice vacancyprocedural rulesprofessional regulationpublic administrationregulatory complianceregulatory determinationremoval of board membersreportingservice of processsheriff administrationsheriff functionstitletraining
Jurisdiction
South Africa
Structure
40 provisions
Citation
Act 14 of 2012
Dates
updated 11 Dec 2012
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Dates
updated 11 Dec 2012

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01

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“This provision amends several definitions in section 1 of the Sheriffs Act, 1986.”

This provision amends several definitions in section 1 of the Sheriffs Act, 1986. The Minister may appoint a fit and proper person as sheriff of a lower or superior court, after considering an Advisory Committee report and subject to subsection (2). This section inserts a new section about allowances payable to members of Advisory Committees. An eligible Advisory Committee member who is not a full-time state employee may be paid allowances by the Department, and the Minister determines the amount with the Minister of Finance’s concurrence. The Minister may appoint someone to act as sheriff when a sheriff cannot act or has not been appointed for the area, subject to section 30 and the prescribed manner.

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Provision 14Substitution 12Amendment 11Short title 2
§ 1Section 1 of the Sheriffs Act, 1986 (Act No. 90 of 1986) (hereinafter referred to asSubstitution

This provision amends several definitions in section 1 of the Sheriffs Act, 1986.

1. Section 1 of the Sheriffs Act, 1986 (Act No. 90 of 1986) (hereinafter referred to as 5 the principal Act), is hereby amended— (a) by the substitution for the definition of ‘‘auditor’’ of the following definition: ‘‘ ‘auditor’ means a person registered as an accountant and auditor in terms of the [Public Accountants’ and Auditors’Act, 1991 (Act No. 80 of 1991)] Auditing Profession Act, 2005 (Act No. 26 of 2005);’’; (b) by the insertion after the definition of ‘‘building society’’ of the following definition: ‘‘ ‘Department’ means the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development;’’; (c) by the substitution for the definition of ‘‘Minister’’ of the following definition: ‘‘ ‘Minister’ means the [Minister of Justice] Cabinet member respon- sible for the administration of justice;’’; and (d) by the substitution for the definition of ‘‘superior court’’ of the following definition: ‘‘ ‘superior court’ means a [provincial or local division of the Supreme Court of South Africa] High Court contemplated in section 166 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996;’’. Amendment of section 2 of Act 90 of 1986
Section 1Verify source
§ 2Section 2 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for subsectionSubstitution

The Minister may appoint a fit and proper person as sheriff of a lower or superior court, after considering an Advisory Committee report and subject to subsection (2).

2. Section 2 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the Minister may, after considering the report of an Advisory Committee, appoint in the prescribed manner and on the prescribed conditions for a lower or superior court a fit and proper person as sheriff of that court.’’. Insertion of section 2A in Act 90 of 1986
Section 2Verify source
§ 3The following section is hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 2:Provision

This section inserts a new section about allowances payable to members of Advisory Committees.

3. The following section is hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 2: ‘‘Allowances payable to members of Advisory Committees
Section 3Verify source
§ 2AA member of an Advisory Committee referred to in section 2(1), whoAmendment

An eligible Advisory Committee member who is not a full-time state employee may be paid allowances by the Department, and the Minister determines the amount with the Minister of Finance’s concurrence.

2A. A member of an Advisory Committee referred to in section 2(1), who is not in the full-time employment of the State, may be paid by the Department such allowances in the performance of his or her functions in terms of this Act, as the Minister may determine with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance.’’. Amendment of section 5 of Act 90 of 1986, as amended by section 1 of Act 3 of 1991
Section 2AVerify source
§ 4Section 5 of the principal Act is hereby amended—Substitution

The Minister may appoint someone to act as sheriff when a sheriff cannot act or has not been appointed for the area, subject to section 30 and the prescribed manner.

4. Section 5 of the principal Act is hereby amended— (a) by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) When a sheriff— (a) (b) is unable to perform his or her functions; is prohibited by any court of law from performing any particular function in connection with a case; [or] for any reason ceases to hold office; or (c) (d) has not been appointed for a specific area of jurisdiction of a lower or superior court, the Minister may, in the prescribed manner, appoint a person to act, subject to the provisions of section 30, as sheriff— 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 5 Wet 14 Van 2012 5 BEPAAL DIE PARLEMENT van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika derhalwe, soos volg:— Wysiging van artikel 1 van Wet 90 van 1986, soos gewysig deur artikel 1 van Wet 74 van 1998, artikel 12 van Wet 55 van 2003 en artikel 10 van Wet 31 van 2008
Section 4Verify source
§ 1Artikel 1 van die Wet op Balju’s, 1986 (Wet No. 90 van 1986) (hierna die HoofwetAmendment

This provision amends section 1 by updating several definitions.

1. Artikel 1 van die Wet op Balju’s, 1986 (Wet No. 90 van 1986) (hierna die Hoofwet 5 genoem), word hierby gewysig— (a) deur na die omskrywing van ‘‘bouvereniging’’ die volgende omskrywing in te voeg: ‘‘ ‘Departement’ die Departement van Justisie en Staatkundige Ontwikkeling;’’; 10 (b) deur die omskrywing van ‘‘hoër hof’’ deur die volgende omskrywing te vervang: ‘‘ ‘hoër hof’ ’n [provinsiale of plaaslike afdeling van die Hooggeregshof van Suid-Afrika] Hoë Hof in artikel 166 van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996, beoog;’’; (c) deur die omskrywing van ‘‘Minister’’ deur die volgende omskrywing te 15 vervang: ‘‘ ‘Minister’ die [Minister van Justisie] Kabinetslid wat vir die regspleging verantwoordelik is;’’; en (d) deur die omskrywing van ‘‘ouditeur’’ deur die volgende omskrywing te 20 vervang: iemand wat ‘‘ ‘ouditeur’ [Wet op Openbare Rekenmeesters en Ouditeurs, 1991 (Wet No. 80 van 1991)] ‘Auditing Profession Act, 2005’ (Wet No. 26 van 2005), as rekenmeester en ouditeur geregistreer is;’’. ingevolge die Wysiging van artikel 2 van Wet 90 van 1986
Section 1Verify source
§ 2Artikel 2 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur subartikel (1) deur dieProvision

The Minister may appoint a fit and proper person as sheriff of a lower or higher court, after considering an Advisory Committee report and following prescribed procedures and conditions.

2. Artikel 2 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur subartikel (1) deur die volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(1) Behoudens die bepalings van subartikel (2) kan die Minister, na oorweging van die verslag van ’n Advieskomitee, op die voorgeskrewe wyse en op die voorgeskrewe voorwaardes vir ’n laer of hoër hof [iemand] ’n gepaste en geskikte persoon as balju van daardie hof aanstel.’’. Invoeging van artikel 2A in Wet 90 van 1986
Section 2Verify source
§ 3Die volgende artikel word hierby in die Hoofwet na artikel 2 ingevoeg:Provision

This section says a new article is inserted into the Main Act after section 2, titled “Allowances payable to members of Advisory Committees.”

3. Die volgende artikel word hierby in die Hoofwet na artikel 2 ingevoeg: ‘‘Toelaes betaalbaar aan lede van Advieskomitees
Section 3Verify source
§ 2ADaar kan aan ’n lid van ’n Advieskomitee in artikel 2(1) bedoel, watProvision

The Department may pay allowances to eligible Advisory Committee members, and the Minister determines those allowances with the Minister of Finance’s concurrence.

2A. Daar kan aan ’n lid van ’n Advieskomitee in artikel 2(1) bedoel, wat nie in die heeltydse diens van die Staat is nie, deur die Departement die toelaes in die verrigting van sy of haar werksaamhede ingevolge hierdie Wet betaal word wat die Minister met die instemming van die Minister van Finansies bepaal.’’. Wysiging van artikel 5 van Wet 90 van 1986, soos gewysig deur artikel 1 van Wet 3 van 1991
Section 2AVerify source
§ 4Artikel 5 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig—Substitution

The Minister may appoint someone to act as sheriff in specified cases, but only under the stated conditions.

4. Artikel 5 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig— (a) deur subartikel (1) deur die volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(1) Wanneer ’n balju— 25 30 35 40 45 (a) nie in staat is om sy of haar werksaamhede te verrig nie; (b) deur ’n geregshof verbied word om ’n bepaalde werksaamheid in verband met ’n geding te verrig; [of] (c) om die een of ander rede ophou om sy of haar amp te beklee; of (d) nie vir ’n bepaalde regsgebied van ’n laer of hoër hof aangestel is 50 nie, kan die Minister, op die voorgeskrewe wyse, behoudens die bepalings van artikel 30, as balju waar te neem— iemand aanstel om, 6 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 6 (i) (ii) (iii) in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (a), until the sheriff is able to resume his or her functions; in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (b), in order to perform the particular function; or in the circumstances referred to in [paragraph] paragraphs (c) and (d), [until a successor is appointed] for such period as the Minister may determine.’’; (b) by the substitution for subsection (1A) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1A) The Minister may for the purposes of a particular suit and on the conditions that he or she may determine, appoint a person or another sheriff to act as sheriff— (a) (b) if objection is made against the service or execution of any process by the sheriff on the grounds that he or she has an interest in the suit or that he or she is related to a party to the suit; or if the Minister for any other reason considers it necessary.’’; and (c) by the insertion of the following subsection after subsection (1A): ‘‘(1B) The Minister may only appoint a person referred to in subsection (1)— (a) after consultation with the judicial officer who heads the court in respect of whose area of jurisdiction such appointment is to be made and subject to written confirmation by the Board that it is prepared to issue a fidelity fund certificate to that person; and (b) on the conditions that he or she may determine.’’. 5 10 15 20 25 Insertion of sections 6A and 6B in Act 90 of 1986
Section 4Verify source
§ 5The following sections are hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 6:Provision

The Minister may, in specified circumstances, designate Department officials or appoint sheriffs/acting sheriffs to perform sheriff functions or act as sheriff, subject to stated conditions.

5. The following sections are hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 6: ‘‘Minister may designate person to serve process 6A. (1) Whenever process of any court in a civil or criminal case is to be 30 served within an area for which— (a) no sheriff or acting sheriff has been appointed; or (b) a vacancy in the office of sheriff in that area has, for any other reason, not been filled, the Minister may, notwithstanding any other law, and if he or she deems it necessary to achieve the objectives of effective and sustainable service delivery and in the interests of justice, in writing, designate any official in the employ of the Department— (i) (ii) (iii) on the conditions, if any, specified in the designation, to serve any process of that court or any other document as if the official had been appointed as a sheriff of that court. for the period specified in the designation; in respect of the court specified in the designation; and (2) Section 30 does not apply to a person designated in terms of subsection (1). (3) The fees payable to a sheriff or acting sheriff in respect of or in connection with any service effected by an official referred to in subsection (1), shall be chargeable and shall be dealt with in the prescribed manner. 35 40 45 Minister may appoint sheriff or acting sheriff to perform functions in another area 50 6B. (1) Whenever any functions of a sheriff, other than the service of process of any court or any other document, are to be performed within an area for which no sheriff or acting sheriff has been appointed, the Minister may, after consultation with the Board, in writing, appoint any sheriff or acting sheriff to perform those functions in that area on the conditions that the Minister may determine. 55 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 7 Wet 14 Van 2012 7 (i) (ii) (iii) in die omstandighede in paragraaf (a) bedoel, totdat die balju sy of haar werksaamhede kan hervat; in die omstandighede in paragraaf (b) bedoel, om die bepaalde werksaamheid te verrig; of in die omstandighede in [paragraaf] paragrawe (c) en (d) bedoel, [totdat ’n opvolger aangestel word] vir so ’n tydperk as wat die Minister bepaal.’’; (b) deur subartikel (1A) deur die volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(1A) Die Minister kan vir die doeleindes van ’n bepaalde geding en op die voorwaardes wat hy of sy bepaal, iemand of ’n ander balju aanstel om as balju waar te neem— (a) of indien tenuitvoerlegging van ’n prosesstuk deur die balju op grond daarvan dat hy of sy by die geding ’n belang het of dat hy of sy verwant is aan ’n party by die geding; of indien die Minister dit om enige ander rede nodig ag.’’; en gemaak word betekening beswaar teen die (b) (c) deur na subartikel (1A) die volgende subartikel in te voeg: ‘‘(1B) Die Minister kan ’n persoon in subartikel (1) bedoel, slegs aanstel— (a) na oorlegpleging met die regterlike beampte wat die hoof is van die hof ten opsigte van wie se regsgebied so ’n aanstelling gemaak staan te word en onderworpe aan skriftelike bevestiging deur die Raad dat hy bereid is om ’n getrouheidsfondssertifikaat aan daardie persoon uit te reik; en (b) op die voorwaardes wat hy of sy bepaal.’’. Invoeging van artikels 6A en 6B in Wet 90 van 1986
Section 5Verify source
§ 5Die volgende artikels word hierby in die Hoofwet na artikel 6 ingevoeg:Substitution

The Minister may, in writing, designate a Department officer to serve court process, and may appoint a sheriff or acting sheriff for work in another area when local posts are vacant or unavailable.

5. Die volgende artikels word hierby in die Hoofwet na artikel 6 ingevoeg: ‘‘Minister kan persoon aanwys om prosesstukke te beteken 6A. (1) Wanneer prosesstukke van ’n hof in ’n siviele of kriminele saak beteken staan te word binne ’n gebied ten opsigte waarvan— (a) geen balju of waarnemende balju aangestel is nie; of (b) ’n vakature in die amp van balju in daardie gebied, om enige ander rede, nie gevul is nie, kan die Minister, ondanks enige ander wet, en indien hy of sy dit nodig ag om die oogmerke van effektiewe en volhoubare dienslewering te bereik en in die belang van regspleging, ’n beampte in die diens van die Departement skriftelik aanwys— (i) vir die tydperk in die aanwysing aangedui; (ii) ten opsigte van die hof in die aanwysing aangedui; en (iii) op die voorwaardes, indien enige, in die aanwysing aangedui, om ’n prosesstuk van daardie hof of enige ander dokument te beteken asof die beampte as ’n balju van daardie hof aangestel is. (2) Artikel 30 is nie van toepassing op ’n persoon wat ingevolge subartikel (1) aangewys is nie. (3) Die fooie betaalbaar aan ’n balju of waarnemende balju ten opsigte van of in verband met ’n betekening uitgevoer deur ’n beampte in subartikel (1) bedoel, is verhaalbaar en word op die voorgeskrewe wyse hanteer. Minister kan balju of waarnemende balju aanstel om werksaamhede in ander gebied te verrig 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 6B. (1) Wanneer enige werksaamhede van ’n balju, anders as die betekening van prosesstukke van ’n hof of enige ander dokument, verrig staan te word binne ’n gebied waarvoor geen balju of waarnemende balju aangestel is nie, kan die Minister, na oorlegpleging met die Raad, skriftelik ’n balju of waarnemende balju aanstel om daardie werksaamhede te verrig in daardie gebied op die voorwaardes wat die Minister bepaal. 50 55 8 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 8 (2) The Rules Board for Courts of Law may make rules in respect of functions performed by a sheriff or acting sheriff referred to in subsection (1).’’. Substitution of section 8 of Act 90 of 1986
Section 5Verify source
§ 6The following section is hereby substituted for section 8 of the principal Act:Substitution

This section substitutes a new section 8 of the principal Act, headed “Objects of Board.”

6. The following section is hereby substituted for section 8 of the principal Act: 5 ‘‘Objects of Board
Section 6Verify source
§ 8The objects of the Board shall be—Amendment

The Board’s objects are to improve sheriffs’ esteem, status, training, and functions; develop measures and support programmes for fidelity fund certificates; and develop guidelines for sheriffs.

8. The objects of the Board shall be— (a) (b) (c) the maintenance of the esteem of, the enhancement of the status of, and the improvement of the standard of training of and functions performed by, sheriffs; the development and implementation of appropriate measures, including support programmes for purposes of issuing fidelity fund certificates to sheriffs who have the potential to establish and operate an office of a sheriff successfully; and the development of guidelines for sheriffs.’’. the appointment of deputy Amendment of section 9 of Act 90 of 1986, as amended by section 4 of Act 74 of 1998 and section 11 of Act 42 of 2001
Section 8Verify source
§ 7Section 9 of the principal Act is hereby amended—Substitution

This section amends the rules for the Board’s membership and gives the deputy chairperson authority to act as chairperson in certain cases.

7. Section 9 of the principal Act is hereby amended— (a) by the substitution for subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) The Board shall consist of [12] 11 members appointed by the Minister.’’; (b) by the substitution for subsection (2) of the following subsection: ‘‘(2) Subject to the provisions of section 10, the Minister shall appoint the following persons as members of the Board, namely— (a) [not fewer than six and not more than nine] five sheriffs, each from a different province of the Republic, [chosen by the Minister] least [eighteen] 10 sheriffs, nominated [from from among at within] by associations which, in the opinion of the Minister, represent the Sheriff’s profession, of whom at least [two] one sheriff must be nominated from each province, to represent the profession as a whole; [not fewer than three and not more than six other persons, one of whom must be nominated by the attorneys’ profession, who are fit and proper and broadly representative of the South African community and who in the opinion of the Minister are able to assist the Board in achieving its objects] one official from the Department designated by the Minister as his or her represen- tative; (b) 10 15 20 25 30 35 (c) one attorney, or his or her alternate, in private practice designated by 40 the Law Society of South Africa; (e) (d) one person, or his or her alternate, designated by the National Credit Regulator established in terms of the National Credit Act, 2005 (Act No. 34 of 2005); and three other persons designated by the Minister and who, in the opinion of the Minister, are fit and proper persons to serve on the Board, at least one of whom shall have extensive experience in the field of finance and accounting.’’; and (c) by the substitution for subsection (5) of the following subsection: ‘‘(5) The deputy chairperson [may] shall, if there is a vacancy in the office of chairperson or if the chairperson is absent or is, for any reason, unable to act as chairperson, perform the functions of the chairperson.’’. 45 50 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 9 Wet 14 Van 2012 9 (2) Die Reëlsraad vir Geregshowe kan reëls maak ten opsigte van werksaamhede verrig deur ’n balju of waarnemende balju in subartikel (1) bedoel.’’. Vervanging van artikel 8 van Wet 90 van 1986
Section 7Verify source
§ 6Artikel 8 van die Hoofwet word hierby deur die volgende artikel vervang:Provision

This section says Article 8 of the Main Act is replaced, but the replacement text is not included in the excerpt.

6. Artikel 8 van die Hoofwet word hierby deur die volgende artikel vervang: 5 ‘‘Oogmerke van Raad
Section 6Verify source
§ 8Die oogmerke van die Raad is—Provision

The Board’s objectives are to maintain bailiffs’ standing, raise their status, improve training and work standards, develop suitable measures and support programmes for issuing fidelity fund certificates, and develop guidelines for appointing deputy bailiffs.

8. Die oogmerke van die Raad is— (a) die handhawing van die aansien van, die verhoging van die status van, en die verbetering van die standaard van opleiding van en werksaamhede verrig deur, balju’s; (b) die ontwikkeling en toepassing van gepaste maatreëls, met inbegrip van ondersteuningsprogramme vir doeleindes van uitreiking van getrouheidsfondssertifikate aan balju’s wat die potensiaal het om ’n kantoor van ’n balju suksesvol in te rig en te bedryf; en 10 (c) die ontwikkeling van riglyne vir die aanstelling van adjunk-balju’s.’’. 15 Wysiging van artikel 9 van Wet 90 van 1986, soos gewysig deur artikel 4 van Wet 74 van 1998 en artikel 11 van Wet 42 van 2001
Section 8Verify source
§ 7Artikel 9 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig—Amendment

This section amends section 9 of the principal Act by changing the composition of the Council and the rule for when the deputy chairperson acts.

7. Artikel 9 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig— (a) deur subartikel (1) deur die volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(1) Die Raad bestaan uit [12] 11 lede deur die Minister aangestel.’’; 20 (b) deur subartikel (2) deur die volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(2) Behoudens die bepalings van artikel 10 stel die Minister die volgende persone as lede van die Raad aan, naamlik— (a) [minstens ses en hoogstens nege] vyf balju’s, elk van ’n ander provinsie van die Republiek, [deur die Minister gekies] uit minstens [agttien] 10 balju’s [uit die geledere van], deur verenigings wat, na die oordeel van die Minister, die Balju’s professie verteenwoordig, benoem, waarvan ten minste [twee] een balju van elke provinsie benoem moet word, om die professie as geheel te verteenwoordig; [minstens drie en hoogstens ses ander persone, waarvan een deur die prokureursprofessie aangewys word, wat gepaste en geskikte persone is, wat algemeen verteenwoordigend is van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap en wat na die oordeel van die Minister in staat is om die Raad met die verwesenliking van sy oogmerke te help] een beampte van die Departement deur die Minister as sy of haar verteenwoordiger aangewys; een prokureur, of sy of haar plaasvervanger, in privaat praktyk deur die Regsvereniging van Suid-Afrika aangewys; (b) (c) (d) een persoon, of sy of haar plaasvervanger, deur die Nasionale Kredietreguleerder ingestel ingevolge die ‘‘National Credit Act, 2005’’ (Wet No. 34 van 2005), aangewys; en (e) drie ander persone deur die Minister aangewys en wat, na die oordeel van die Minister, gepaste en geskikte persone is om op die Raad te dien, waarvan minstens een uitgebreide ondervinding in die vakgebied van finansies en rekeningkunde moet hê.’’; en (c) deur subartikel (5) deur die volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(5) Die ondervoorsitter [kan] moet, indien daar ’n vakature in die amp van voorsitter is of indien die voorsitter afwesig is, of om die een of ander rede, nie as voorsitter kan optree nie, die werksaamhede van die voorsitter verrig.’’. 25 30 35 40 45 50 10 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 Amendment of section 11 of Act 90 of 1986 10
Section 7Verify source
§ 8Section 11 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution forSubstitution

Board members appointed under section 9(2) are appointed for three years, may stay on for up to three more months until a successor is appointed, and the Minister may appoint replacements in specified cases.

8. Section 11 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for subsections (1) and (2) of the following subsections, respectively: ‘‘(1) Every member of the Board appointed in terms of section 9(2) shall, subject to section 14A, be appointed for a period of three years, but shall, after the expiration of the period for which he or she was appointed, continue to hold office for a further period, but not exceeding three months, until his or her successor has been appointed. (2) (a) If a member of the Board appointed in terms of [paragraph (a) of] section 9(2)(a) for any reason ceases to hold office, the Minister may, after consultation with the Board and subject to section 10, appoint a sheriff in his or her place for the unexpired period of his or her term of office. (b) If a member of the Board appointed in terms of [paragraph (b) of] section 9(2)(b), (c), (d) or (e) for any reason ceases to hold office, the Minister may, subject to [that paragraph] those paragraphs and section 10, appoint a person in his or her place for the unexpired period of his or her term of office.’’. Substitution of section 12 of Act 90 of 1986
Section 8Verify source
§ 9The following section is hereby substituted for section 12 of the principal Act:Substitution

A Board member must vacate office if certain disqualifying events happen, and the Minister may remove a member in specified circumstances.

9. The following section is hereby substituted for section 12 of the principal Act: ‘‘Vacating of office by member of Board 12. (1) A member of the Board shall vacate his or her office— (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) if he or she becomes subject to any disability mentioned in section 10; if he or she becomes of unsound mind; if he or she has been absent from more than two consecutive meetings of the Board without leave of the chairperson; [or] if he or she has been appointed in terms of section 9(2)(a) or 11(2)(a) and ceases to hold office as sheriff; or if he or she has been appointed in terms of section 9(2)(b), (c), (d) or (e) or 11(2)(b) and ceases to hold office. 5 10 15 20 25 (2) The Minister may at any time remove a member of the Board from his or her office— (a) after consultation with the nominating or designating authority, where 30 applicable, if sound reasons exist for doing so; or (b) at the request of the nominating or designating authority. (3) For the purposes of this section ‘nominating or designating authority’ means the body which or person who nominated or designated the member of the Board in terms of section 9(2).’’. 35 Substitution of section 13 of Act 90 of 1986
Section 9Verify source
§ 10The following section is hereby substituted for section 13 of the principal Act:Substitution

This section substitutes section 13 of the principal Act with a provision about allowances to members of the Board and its committees.

10. The following section is hereby substituted for section 13 of the principal Act: ‘‘Allowances to members of Board and of committees of Board
Section 10Verify source
§ 13A member of the Board or of a committee referred to in section 16(a)Provision

Certain Board or committee members who are not full-time State employees may be paid allowances from the Board’s funds.

13. A member of the Board or of a committee referred to in section 16(a) or 17(1) who is not in the full-time employment of the State may be paid from the funds of the Board such allowances as the Board may determine in general or in any particular case.’’. 40 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 11 Wet 14 Van 2012 Wysiging van artikel 11 van Wet 90 van 1986 11
Section 13Verify source
§ 8Artikel 11 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur subartikels (1) en (2)Provision

Council members appointed under section 9(2) serve for three years, may stay in office for up to three extra months until a successor is appointed, and the Minister may fill certain vacancies for the remainder of the term.

8. Artikel 11 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur subartikels (1) en (2) onderskeidelik deur die volgende subartikels te vervang: ‘‘(1) Elke lid van die Raad wat ingevolge artikel 9(2) aangestel is, word, behoudens artikel 14A, vir ’n tydperk van drie jaar aangestel, maar behou, na die verstryking van die tydperk waarvoor hy of sy aangestel is, sy of haar amp vir ’n verdere tydperk, maar hoogstens drie maande, totdat sy of haar opvolger aangestel is. (2) (a) Indien ’n lid van die Raad wat ingevolge [paragraaf (a) van] artikel 9(2)(a) aangestel is om die een of ander rede ophou om sy of haar amp te beklee, kan die Minister, na oorlegpleging met die Raad en behoudens artikel 10, ’n balju in sy of haar plek vir die onverstreke tydperk van sy of haar ampstermyn aanstel. (b) Indien ’n lid van die Raad wat ingevolge [paragraaf (b) van] artikel 9(2)(b), (c), (d) of (e) aangestel is om die een of ander rede ophou om sy of haar amp te beklee, kan die Minister, behoudens daardie [paragraaf] paragrawe en artikel 10, iemand in sy of haar plek vir die onverstreke tydperk van sy of haar ampstermyn aanstel.’’. Vervanging van artikel 12 van Wet 90 van 1986
Section 8Verify source
§ 9Artikel 12 van die Hoofwet word hierby deur die volgende artikel vervang:Provision

A Council member must vacate office if certain disqualifying events happen, and the Minister may remove a member from office in specified circumstances.

9. Artikel 12 van die Hoofwet word hierby deur die volgende artikel vervang: ‘‘Ontruiming van amp deur lid van Raad 12. (1) ’n Lid van die Raad ontruim sy of haar amp— (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) indien hy of sy onderhewig raak aan ’n onbevoegdheid in artikel 10 genoem; indien hy of sy geestelik versteurd raak; indien hy of sy sonder verlof van die voorsitter van meer as twee agtereenvolgende vergaderings van die Raad afwesig is; [of] indien hy of sy ingevolge artikel 9(2)(a) of 11(2)(a) aangestel is en ophou om sy of haar amp as balju te beklee; of indien hy of sy ingevolge artikel 9(2)(b), (c), (d) of (e) of 11(2)(b) aangestel is en ophou om sy of haar amp te beklee. (2) Die Minister kan te eniger tyd ’n lid van die Raad van sy of haar amp onthef— (a) na oorlegpleging met die nominerende of aanwysende gesag, waar van toepassing, indien daar gegronde redes bestaan om dit te doen; of (b) op versoek van die nominerende of aanwysende gesag. (3) Vir doeleindes van hierdie artikel beteken ‘nominerende of aanwysende gesag’ die liggaam wat of persoon wie die lid van die Raad ingevolge artikel 9(2) genomineer of aangewys het.’’. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Vervanging van artikel 13 van Wet 90 van 1986
Section 9Verify source
§ 10Artikel 13 van die Hoofwet word hierby deur die volgende artikel vervang:Provision

This section says Article 13 of the principal Act is replaced by a new article.

10. Artikel 13 van die Hoofwet word hierby deur die volgende artikel vervang: 40 ‘‘Toelaes aan lede van Raad en van komitees van Raad
Section 10Verify source
§ 13Daar kan aan ’n lid van die Raad of van ’n komitee in artikel 16(a)Amendment

The Council may pay allowances from Council funds to certain Council or committee members who are not in the State’s full-time service.

13. Daar kan aan ’n lid van die Raad of van ’n komitee in artikel 16(a) of 17(1) bedoel wat nie in die heeltydse diens van die Staat is nie die toelaes uit die fondse van die Raad betaal word wat die Raad in die algemeen of in ’n besondere geval bepaal.’’. 45 12 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 Insertion of section 14A in Act 90 of 1986 12
Section 13Verify source
§ 11The following section is hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 14:Amendment

The Minister may dissolve the Board in specified circumstances, then must appoint an interim Board and set up its leadership and meeting rules.

11. The following section is hereby inserted in the principal Act after section 14: ‘‘Dissolution of Board, appointment and meetings of interim Board 14A. (1) If the Minister, upon receipt of a written request or complaint the Board has failed to perform its functions in terms of this Act; or and after due inquiry, is satisfied that— (a) (b) any other sound reason exists for doing so, he or she may dissolve the Board on such terms and conditions as he or she deems fit. (2) (a) Upon the dissolution of the Board provided for in subsection (1), the Minister shall, having regard to the provisions of section 9(2), appoint an interim Board, consisting of at least seven persons. (b) The interim Board shall be appointed within 21 days after the dissolution of the Board and shall be appointed for a period determined by the Minister, which period shall not exceed six months. (3) (a) The Minister shall from among the members of the interim Board designate a chairperson of the interim Board. (b) The interim Board shall elect a deputy chairperson from among its members and the deputy chairperson shall hold office for such period as the interim Board may determine at the time of his or her election. (4) The chairperson of the interim Board may, at any time of his or her own accord, or shall, at the written request of not fewer than five members, convene a special meeting of the interim Board. (5) Five members of the interim Board shall form a quorum for a meeting of the interim Board. (6) Section 14(1), (4), (5) and (6) shall mutatis mutandis apply in respect of a meeting of the interim Board.’’. Amendment of section 16 of Act 90 of 1986
Section 11Verify source
§ 12Section 16 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the insertion of the followingAmendment

Section 16 is amended to add a paragraph allowing rules to be made regulating the conduct of proceedings.

12. Section 16 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the insertion of the following paragraph after paragraph (k): ‘‘(kA) make rules regulating the conduct of its proceedings;’’. Amendment of section 27 of Act 90 of 1986 5 10 15 20 25 30
Section 12Verify source
§ 13Section 27 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the insertion after subsectionAmendment

The Board determines the maximum amount recoverable from the Fund, after consulting the Minister.

13. Section 27 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the insertion after subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1A) The maximum amount that may be recovered by the Board from the Fund for the purposes of subsection (1)(e) shall be determined by the Board, in consultation with the Minister.’’. 35 Amendment of section 28 of Act 90 of 1986
Section 13Verify source
§ 14Section 28 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the addition of the followingAmendment

An auditor must state in the audit report whether the Fund’s money was spent for purposes allowed by the Act, and the Board must send that report and the audited financial statements to the Minister within 30 days after receiving the report.

14. Section 28 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the addition of the following subsections: ‘‘(3) An auditor who has performed an audit contemplated in subsection (2), shall in the auditor’s report express an opinion as to whether or not the moneys of the Fund were spent for purposes authorised by this Act. (4) Within 30 days after receipt of the auditor’s report, the Board shall submit that report to the Minister together with the audited financial statements of the Fund.’’. 40 45 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 13 Wet 14 Van 2012 Invoeging van artikel 14A in Wet 90 van 1986 13
Section 14Verify source
§ 11Die volgende artikel word hierby in die Hoofwet na artikel 14 ingevoeg:Provision

The Minister may dissolve the Board if satisfied, after a written request or complaint and an inquiry, that the Board failed to perform its functions or there is another good reason. If the Board is dissolved, the Minister must appoint an interim Board of at least seven people within 21 days, appoint its chairperson, and the interim Board may hold meetings under the stated rules.

11. Die volgende artikel word hierby in die Hoofwet na artikel 14 ingevoeg: ‘‘Ontbinding van Raad, aanstelling en vergaderings van tussentydse Raad 14A. (1) Indien die Minister, by ontvangs van ’n skriftelike versoek of 5 klagte en na behoorlike ondersoek, oortuig is dat— (a) die Raad versuim het om sy werksaamhede ingevolge hierdie Wet te verrig; of ’n ander gegronde rede bestaan om dit te doen, (b) kan hy of sy die Raad ontbind op sodanige bedinge en voorwaardes wat hy of sy goeddink. (2) (a) By ontbinding van die Raad soos in subartikel (1) bepaal, moet die Minister, met inagneming van die bepalings van artikel 9(2), ’n tussentydse Raad aanstel, bestaande uit ten minste sewe persone. (b) Die tussentydse Raad word binne 21 dae na die ontbinding van die Raad aangestel en word aangestel vir ’n tydperk deur die Minister bepaal, welke tydperk nie ses maande mag oorskry nie. (3) (a) Die Minister wys uit die lede van die tussentydse Raad ’n voorsitter van die tussentydse Raad aan. (b) Die tussentydse Raad kies uit sy lede ’n ondervoorsitter en die ondervoorsitter beklee sy of haar amp vir die tydperk wat die tussentydse Raad ten tyde van sy of haar verkiesing bepaal. (4) Die voorsitter van die tussentydse Raad kan, te eniger tyd uit eie beweging, of moet, op die skriftelike versoek van minstens vyf lede, ’n spesiale vergadering van die tussentydse Raad belê. (5) Vyf lede van die tussentydse Raad maak ’n kworum vir ’n vergadering van die tussentydse Raad uit. (6) Artikel 14(1), (4), (5) en (6) is mutatis mutandis ten opsigte van ’n vergadering van die tussentydse Raad van toepassing.’’. Wysiging van artikel 16 van Wet 90 van 1986 10 15 20 25 30
Section 11Verify source
§ 12Artikel 16 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur na paragraaf (k) dieAmendment

This provision amends Article 16 of the principal Act by inserting a new paragraph about making rules for the conduct of proceedings.

12. Artikel 16 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur na paragraaf (k) die volgende paragraaf in te voeg: ‘‘(kA) reëls maak wat die voer van sy verrigtinge reël;’’. Wysiging van artikel 27 van Wet 90 van 1986
Section 12Verify source
§ 13Artikel 27 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur na subartikel (1) dieProvision

The Council of the Fund determines the maximum amount recoverable for subarticle (1)(e), after consulting the Minister.

13. Artikel 27 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur na subartikel (1) die 35 volgende subartikel in te voeg: ‘‘(1A) Die maksimum bedrag wat deur die Raad van die Fonds vir doeleindes van subartikel (1)(e) verhaal kan word, word deur die Raad, in oorleg met die Minister, bepaal.’’. Wysiging van artikel 28 van Wet 90 van 1986
Section 13Verify source
§ 14Artikel 28 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur die volgende subartikels byAmendment

The auditor must state in the audit report whether the Fonds’ money was spent for purposes authorized by the Act, and the Board must submit the report and audited financial statements to the Minister within 30 days of receiving the report.

14. Artikel 28 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur die volgende subartikels by te voeg: ‘‘(3) ’n Ouditeur wat ’n ouditering beoog in subartikel (2) uitgevoer het, moet in die ouditeursverslag ’n mening uitspreek oor of die geld van die Fonds bestee is vir doeleindes wat by hierdie Wet gemagtig word al dan nie. (4) Binne 30 dae na ontvangs van die ouditeursverslag moet die Raad daardie verslag, met die geouditeerde finansiële state van die Fonds, aan die Minister voorlê.’’. 40 45 14 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 14 Amendment of section 43 of Act 90 of 1986, as amended by section 12 of Act 74 of 1998
Section 14Verify source
§ 15Section 43 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution forSubstitution

The provision amends section 43 so that fraudulent or misleading representations, failures to comply with service-of-process regulations, and non-compliance with section 53 are prohibited.

15. Section 43 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for paragraphs (h) and (i) of subsection (1) of the following paragraphs: ‘‘(h) he or she makes use of fraudulent or misleading representations, including— 5 the simulation of legal procedures; the use of simulated official or legal documents; representation as a police officer; or the making of unjustified threats to enforce rights; [or] (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) he or she fails to comply with any regulation pertaining to the service of process; or he or she contravenes or fails to comply with section 53.’’. (i) (j) 10 Amendment of section 62 of Act 90 of 1986, as amended by section 20 of Act 74 of 1998
Section 15Verify source
§ 16Section 62 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution forSubstitution

The Minister may, after consulting the Board, make regulations on the listed sheriff-administration matters and related incidental matters.

16. Section 62 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the substitution for 15 subsection (1) of the following subsection: ‘‘(1) The Minister may after consultation with the Board make regulations as to— (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) the requirements for appointment as sheriff; the manner and procedures regarding the appointment of sheriff; the establishment of an Advisory Committee for each province; the appointment of members of Advisory Committees; the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Committee in recommending candidates for appointment as sheriff to the Minister, as provided for in section 2(1), including— (i) (ii) the shortlisting and interviewing of candidates; the manner in which candidates are shortlisted and recommended to the Minister; and the procedure to be followed when an Advisory Committee does not find a suitable candidate for appointment, (iii) and, in general, any matter, which is not in conflict with this Act, which is reasonably necessary for the proper functioning of Advisory Committees; the recognition of any professional society or association representing sheriffs for purposes of section 9(2)(a); (f) [(a)](g) [(b)](h) [(c)](i) [(d)](j) the steps to be taken to ensure compliance with the code of conduct referred to in section 16(k); the disposal of process and other documents in the possession of a sheriff when he or she ceases to hold office; the service of process on sheriffs or deputy sheriffs; the furnishing by a banking institution or building society of particulars relating to an account mentioned in section 22(1) or (2); [(dA)](k) the procedure to be followed in terms of section 3(2)(b), including measures aimed at co-ordinating the functions performed by such sheriffs; the procedure to be followed in connection with the recovery of a fine imposed in terms of section 49(1)(b); [(dB)](l) [(f)](o) [(dC)](m) the payment and control of admission of guilt fines in terms of this Act; [(e)](n) any matter required or permitted to be prescribed by regulation under this Act; and in general, any [matter which the Minister may consider necessary or expedient to prescribe in order that the objects of this Act may be achieved, and the generality of this paragraph shall not be limited by the preceding paragraphs] ancillary or incidental matter that is necessary to prescribe for the proper implementation or administration of this Act.’’. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 15 Wet 14 Van 2012 15 Wysiging van artikel 43 van Wet 90 van 1986, soos gewysig deur artikel 12 van Wet 74 van 1998
Section 16Verify source
§ 15Artikel 43 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur paragrawe (h) en (i) vanProvision

This provision replaces part of Article 43 so that a person must not use fraudulent or misleading representations, fake official or legal documents, impersonation of legal processes or a police officer, unjustified threats to enforce rights, or fail to comply with the regulation on service of process or Article 53.

15. Artikel 43 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur paragrawe (h) en (i) van subartikel (1) deur die volgende paragrawe te vervang: ‘‘(h) hy of sy bedrieglike of misleidende voorstellings gebruik, met inbegrip van— 5 (i) die naboots van regsprosesse; (ii) die gebruikmaking van nagebootste amptelike of regsdokumente; (iii) voordoening as ’n polisiebeampte; of (iv) die maak van ongeregverdigde dreigemente om regte af te dwing; hy of sy versuim om te voldoen aan ’n regulasie betreffende die betekening van prosesstukke; of hy of sy artikel 53 oortree of versuim om daaraan te voldoen.’’. (i) (j) 10 Wysiging van artikel 62 van Wet 90 van 1986, soos gewysig deur artikel 20 van Wet 74 van 1998
Section 15Verify source
§ 16Artikel 62 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur subartikel (1) deur dieShort title

The Minister may make regulations, after consulting the Raad, about sheriff appointments, advisory committees, compliance steps, handling documents, bank/account details, fine recovery, and related matters.

16. Artikel 62 van die Hoofwet word hierby gewysig deur subartikel (1) deur die 15 volgende subartikel te vervang: ‘‘(1) Die Minister kan na oorlegpleging met die Raad regulasies uitvaardig betreffende— (a) die vereistes vir aanstelling as balju; (b) die wyse en prosedures betreffende die aanstelling as balju; (c) die instelling van ’n Advieskomitee vir elke provinsie; (d) die aanstelling van lede van Advieskomitees; (e) die prosedure wat deur ’n Advieskomitee gevolg moet word by die aanbeveling van kandidate vir aanstelling as balju aan die Minister, soos in artikel 2(1) bepaal, met inbegrip van— (i) die kortlys van en onderhoudvoering met kandidate; (ii) die wyse waarop kandidate gekortlys en aan die Minister aanbeveel word; en (iii) die prosedure wat gevolg moet word wanneer ’n Advieskomitee nie ’n geskikte kandidaat vir aanstelling vind nie, en, in die algemeen, ’n aangeleentheid, wat nie met hierdie Wet in stryd is nie, wat redelik noodsaaklik vir die behoorlike funksionering van Advieskomitees is; die erkenning van enige professionele genootskap of vereniging wat balju’s vir doeleindes van artikel 9(2)(a) verteenwoordig; (f) [(a)](g) [(b)](h) [(c)](i) [(d)](j) die stappe wat gedoen moet word om nakoming van die gedragskode bedoel in artikel 16(k) te verseker; die beskikking oor proses- en ander stukke in die besit van ’n balju wanneer hy of sy sy of haar amp ontruim; die bestelling van prosesstukke aan balju’s of adjunk-balju’s; die verstrekking van besonderhede met betrekking tot ’n rekening in artikel 22(1) of (2) genoem deur ’n bankinstelling of bouvereniging; [(dA)](k) die prosedure wat ingevolge artikel 3(2)(b) gevolg moet word, met inbegrip van maatreëls wat daarop gemik is om die werksaamhede van sodanige balju’s te koördineer; [(dB)](l) die prosedure wat in verband met die verhaling van ’n boete opgelê ingevolge artikel 49(1)(b) gevolg moet word; [(f)](o) [(dC)](m)die betaling en beheer van skulderkenningsboetes ingevolge hierdie Wet; [(e)](n) ’n aangeleentheid wat kragtens hierdie Wet by regulasie voorgeskryf moet of kan word; en in die algemeen, ’n [aangeleentheid wat die Minister nodig of dienstig ag om voor te skryf ten einde die oogmerke van hierdie Wet te verwesenlik, en die algemeenheid van hierdie paragraaf word nie deur die voorafgaande paragrawe beperk nie] bykomstige of bybehorende aangeleentheid wat nodig is om voor te skryf vir die behoorlike toepassing of administrasie van hierdie Wet.’’. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 16 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 Short title and commencement 16
Section 16Verify source
§ 17This Act is called the Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012, and comes into operation onCommencement

This Act is called the Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012, and starts on a date fixed by the President in the Gazette.

17. This Act is called the Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012, and comes into operation on a date fixed by the President by proclamation in the Gazette. GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 17 Wet 14 Van 2012 Kort titel en inwerkingtreding 17
Section 17Verify source
§ 17Hierdie Wet heet die Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012, en tree in werking op ’nShort title

This section gives the Act’s short title and says it starts on a date set by the President by proclamation in the Government Gazette.

17. Hierdie Wet heet die Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012, en tree in werking op ’n datum deur die President by proklamasie in die Staatskoerant bepaal. 18 No. 35987 Act No. 14 of 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 December 2012 Sheriffs Amendment Act, 2012 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 11 Desember 2012 Wysigingswet op Balju’s, 2012 No. 35987 19 Wet 14 Van 2012
Section 17Verify source

Legislative relationships

11 referenced instruments

Names are derived from the stored provision headings and citation-enrichment layer. Treat this as a research index and verify each relationship against the source text.

A–F

6 instruments

  • a new section 8 of the principal Act

    Section 6

  • Advisory Committees. 3. The following section is hereby inserted in the principal Act

    Section 3

  • Article 16 of the principal Act

    Section 12

  • Board and its committees. 10. The following section is hereby substituted for section 13 of the principal Act

    Section 10

  • Board in terms of section 9(2).’’. 35 Substitution of section 13 of Act

    Section 9

  • Fund were spent for purposes authorised by this Act

    Section 14

G–M

2 instruments

  • Main Act

    Section 6

  • Minister of Finance.’’. Amendment of section 5 of Act

    Section 2A

N–S

3 instruments

  • National Credit Act, 2005

    Section 7

  • principal Act

    Section 7

  • Sheriffs Act, 1986

    Section 1

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